#fuel cell market research

[trendingreportz]

Fuel cell Market - Forecast(2024 - 2030)

Fuel Cell Market Overview:

According to the International Trade Center (ITC), the trade of fuel cells that are particularly used in electric motors and generators was valued at $19.2 billion in 2018. Fuel cells have diverse domestic and commercial applications as they are indispensable parts of many machines in which chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. The fuel cell market was valued at $4.5 billion in 2018 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.38% from 2019 to 2025.

The federal governments of countries such as the U.S. and Canada are supporting the private companies that manufacture fuel cells. The fuel cell market is observing funding opportunities from the US Department of Energy (DOE), and the Fuel Cell Technologies Office (FCTO) that belongs to the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. On March 1, 2019, the DOE announced a $51.5m funding for research in technologies that power trucks and off-road vehicles. Similarly, other countries in North America had observed soaring sales of fuel cells recently. The North America fuel cell market held 33.27% share of the global market in 2018.

Fuel Cell Market Outlook:

Fuel cells such as hydrogen fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, and methane fuel cells are electrochemical cells that convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Fuel cell energy is required in domestic and commercial sectors, and it is also used to charge the fuel cell vehicles.

The application segment that is poised to create the most lucrative opportunities to the vendors in the fuel cell market is the stationary power application segment. This is mainly attributable to the application of fuel cells in generators, which are important standby electricity suppliers. Furthermore, there is expected to be an augmented application of fuel cells in the uninterruptible power supply market, which had a valuation of $10.5 billion to $11 billion in 2018, and the segment is poised to observe a substantial CAGR of 4% to 5%, which will further propel the fuel cell market. The stationary segment will observe a healthy CAGR of 16.94% through 2025.

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Fuel Cell Market Growth Drivers:

· The Application of Fuel Cells in the Automotive Industry –

According to the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA), the number of vehicles manufactured in 2018 was 95,634,593. Furthermore, the future will observe an increment in the manufacturing of automobiles, and more so with the advent of electric vehicles, autonomous & semi-autonomous vehicles, and self-driven trucks. The growth prospects in the automotive sector will escalate the fuel cell market revenue in the future.

· Commercial Applications Expanding the Fuel Cell Market Size –

A variety of fuel cells such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, solid polymer fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, and alkaline fuel cells are used in commercial buildings. Given that motors and generators have prominent applications in commercial buildings, the segment happens to be a lucrative fuel cell marketplace.

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Fuel Cell Market Trends –

·    Latest Developments – Fuel cell catalyst technology has been constrained by two hurdles that include manufacturing costs and durability. However, there are innovations in the fuel cell market, and there will be alterations in the fuel cells stack technology. These innovations will significantly reduce the costs by reducing the usage of precious metals and improving the longevity of fuel cells through innovative designs in catalyst layers.

·   In November 2018, Panasonic decided to commercialize the hydrogen fuel cell generator in order to accelerate initiatives to achieve a sustainable society by utilizing hydrogen energy. This trend will be adopted by a lot of organizations, and further drive the hydrogen fuel cell market and hydrogen market as well.

·     In December 2018, Hydrogenics Corporation was awarded a contract for the design and supply of fuel cell power modules for a new lightweight aircraft. This will position the company in the aircraft fuel cells segment.

Fuel Cell Market Challenges –

Even though fuel cells are found to be excellent alternatives to internal combustion engines that aren’t environment-friendly, fuel cells are yet to penetrate various industries and replace the conventional form of energy, which is limiting the expansion of the fuel cell market. Furthermore, the vendors are striving to optimize the pricing according to the end-user criteria in order to thrive on the demand, which is picking up pace. Another factor that is constraining the growth of the customer-base is the reliability of fuel cells. However, manufacturers are making hefty investments into R&D, and the future is poised to observe some innovations that will disrupt the fuel cell market.

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Fuel Cell Market Key Players Perspective –

The major players that are battling for the fuel cell market share are Ballard Power Systems Inc., Toshiba Corporation, Panasonic Corporation, Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies, Hydrogenics Corporation, Fuel Cell Energy, Inc., Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited, Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd., Doosan Fuel Cell America, Nuvera Fuel Cells, SFC Group, Bloom Energy, Nedstack Fuel Cell Technology B.V., Plug Power, UTC Power Corp., and Arcola Energy.

Fuel Cell Market Research Scope:

The base year of the study is 2018, with forecast done up to 2025. The study presents a thorough analysis of the competitive landscape, taking into account the market shares of the leading companies. It also provides information on unit shipments. These provide the key market participants with the necessary business intelligence and help them understand the future of the fuel cell market. The assessment includes the forecast, an overview of the competitive structure, the market shares of the competitors, as well as the market trends, market demands, market drivers, market challenges, and product analysis. The market drivers and restraints have been assessed to fathom their impact over the forecast period. This report further identifies the key opportunities for growth while also detailing the key challenges and possible threats. The fuel cell market research report also analyzes the applications of the devices in the commercial, consumer product, and automobile sectors.

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Fuel Cell Market Report: Industry Coverage

This report also documents the product based on types, which include metal hydride fuel cell, DFAFC, and UMFC.

The fuel cell market report also analyzes the major geographic regions as well as the major countries in these regions. The regions and countries covered in the study include:

North America: The U.S., Canada, Mexico

South America: Brazil, Venezuela, Argentina, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Costa Rica

Europe: The U.K., Germany, Italy, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Denmark

APAC: China, Japan, Australia, South Korea, India, Taiwan, Malaysia, Hong Kong

Middle East and Africa: Israel, South Africa, Saudi Arabia

[coldpenguintaco]

Methanol Market: Current Trends and Future Outlook| MarketsandMarkets™

Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, is an organic compound that is composed of one carbon atom, two hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom (CH3OH). It is a clear and colorless liquid that is highly flammable and has a distinctive odor. Methanol is used in the production of a variety of industrial and commercial products, including formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and…

[maryharrisk5]

- If hydrogen is used as a fuel then the only by-product obtained are heat, water, and electricity. Power potential of fuel cells include systems as small as laptop to as big as utility power stations.

[evonnebaker]

If hydrogen is used as a fuel then the only by-product obtained are heat, water, and electricity. Power potential of fuel cells include systems as small as laptop to as big as utility power stations.

[joeypetter]

Fuel Cell Market 2022: Global Trends, Size, Key Segments, Growth Status and Forecast 2030 | By R&I

The key objective of the newly published report by Reports & Insights termed as “Fuel Cell Market: Opportunity Analysis and Future Assessment 2022-2030”, is to offer its clients with an absolute all-embracing, superior quality primary data about the market potential and profound knowledge of the trends prevailing in the market. Reports & Insights provides the in-depth knowledge of the market developed by the acknowledged market expertise using verified research methodologies and proven analytical approaches. For the interest and intrigue of the readers, the report comes across at the outcome with a strong focus on the thorough outlining of the key players of the global Fuel Cell Market.

The fuel cell market is estimated to reach at a value of US$ 5.9 Bn by the end of 2022 and expected to reach at a value of US$ 27.4 Bn by 2030 with a significant CAGR of 21.2%.

Request a Sample Copy of this Report @:  https://reportsandinsights.com/sample-request/6928

Fuel Cell Introduction

A fuel cell refers to an electrochemical cell that produces electrical energy by means of fuel through an electrochemical reaction. Fuel cells need an uninterrupted intake of fuel and an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen) so as to uphold the reactions that produce the electricity. As a result, these cells can continuously produce electricity up to the supply of oxygen and fuel is lop off. Fuel cells are unparalleled in respect of the range of their promising applications, as fuel cells can utilize a comprehensive variety of feedstocks and fuels and can offer power for systems as huge as a utility power station and as minor as a laptop computer.

The growing demand for unconventional sources of energy, in present times, is majorly boosting the demand of fuel cells across the global markets. Significantly, fuel cells have a number of benefits over standard combustion-based technologies commonly employed in various vehicles and power plants. Fuel cells can function at greater efficiencies in comparison to the combustion engines and can transform the chemical energy in the fuel straightaway to electrical energy with efficiencies able to exceed 60%. In addition to that, fuel cells diminish or have zero emissions in contrast to combustion engines. Attributing to such factors, the global fuel cell market is projected to grow significantly over the following years.

In terms of region, In 2021, the Asia Pacific is accounted to hold the largest market share in comparison to other regions and expected to maintain its dominance throughout the forecast period. Owing to, rapid growth of technologies such as fuel cell vehicles in China is expected to boost the fuel cell market in the region. 

Wish to Know More About the Study? Click here to get a Report Description: https://reportsandinsights.com/report/fuel-cell-market

Fuel Cell Market Segmentation

The fuel cell market is segmented on the basis of source, product type, cell stack, application, and end user, and region.

By Source

Hydrogen Powered

Methanol Powered

Biogas Powered

Natural Gas Powered

Hydrocarbons Powered

By Product Type

Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC)

Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC)

Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC)

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC)

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)

Others

By Application

Stationary Power

Portable Power

Transportation Power

Specialty Vehicles

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

Auxiliary Power Units

Material Handling Equipment

By Cell Stack

Panel Bipolar Stack

Stack With Tubular Cells

By End User

Commercial & Industrial

Data Centers

Transportation

Military & Defense

Residential

Utilitis & Government/Municipal Institute

By Region

North America

Latin America

Europe

Asia Pacific

Middle East

Africa

Fuel Cell Market Key Players

Some of the key participating players in fuel cell market are:

BLOOM ENERGY

DOOSAN FUEL CELL CO., LTD.

AISIN CORPORATION

PLUG POWER INC.

KYOCERA CORPORATION

CERES

CUMMINS INC.

POWERCELL SWEDEN AB

TOSHIBA CORPORATION

BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS

SFC ENERGY AG

MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.

AFC ENERGY PLC

ELRINGKLINGER AG

FUJI ELECTRIC CO., LTD.

PROTON MOTOR POWER SYSTEMS PLC

ADAPTIVE ENERGY

ADELAN

SPECIAL POWER SOURCE

ZTEK CORPORATION, INC.

SOLIDPOWER S.P.A

WATT FUEL CELL CORPORATION

AVL LIST GMBH

ALTERGY

MICRORGANIC TECHNOLGIES

NEDSTACK FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY BV

INTELLIGENT ENERGY LIMITED

HORIZON FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES

NUVERA FUEL CELLS, LLC

POWERUP ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES

To view Top Players, Segmentation and other Statistics of Fuel Cell Market Industry, Get Sample Report @: https://reportsandinsights.com/sample-request/6928

About Reports and Insights:

Reports and Insights is one of the leading market research companies which offers syndicate and consulting research around the globe. At Reports and Insights, we adhere to the client needs and regularly ponder to bring out more valuable and real outcomes for our customers. We are equipped with strategically enhanced group of researchers and analysts that redefines and stabilizes the business polarity in different categorical dimensions of the market

Contact Us:

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View Latest Market Updates at: https://marketsresearchanalytics.com

[marketspace360]

Fuel Cell Vehicle Market Highlights, Expert Reviews 2022 to 2029

Fuel cell vehicles  are powered by hydrogen. Unlike vehicles powered by diesel and gasoline, these vehicles produce zero tailpipe emissions. Instead of emitting harmful greenhouse gases (GHG), they only emit water vapor, and warm air. With the growing concerns around environmental deterioration and depletion of natural resources, the adoption of these vehicles is being promoted at scale. Government authorities, around the world, are implementing favorable policies apropos to development and adoption of fuel cell vehicles. The officials are also devising a strategic plan for the commercial roll-out of fuel cell technology. In addition, the recent increase in the price of gasoline and diesel has intensified the demand for fuel-efficient automobiles. The fuel cell vehicles are highly efficient in comparison to conventional vehicles. Such broad ranging aspects are set to unlock new revenue opportunities for the global fuel cell vehicle market in the coming years.

For More Industry Insight Read: https://www.fairfieldmarketresearch.com/report/fuel-cell-vehicle-market

Growing Demand for Automobiles Powered by Sustainable Sources to Unveil Fruitful Growth Prospects

In the present day, most vehicles run on fossil fuels such as gasoline. These energy sources cannot be renewed and will eventually run out. Therefore, it is critical to adopt alternative fuel sources to promote sustainable growth of the transportation sector. This has promoted the adoption of electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Notably, fuel cell vehicles do not run-on gasoline and are more cost-effective than conventional automobiles. In addition to this, the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is higher than that of hybrid and internal combustion engine automobiles. Consequently, the fuel cell vehicle market is poised to experience significant growth in the coming years.

Applications in Heavy Commercial Vehicles to Aid in Fuel Cell Vehicle Market Expansion

Of late, big commercial vehicles are being manufactured as hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Hydrogen is a scalable and adaptable electrical source for big transportation applications. Some of its comprehensive applications include material-handling trucks, defence vehicles, railroads, buses, and light commercial vehicles (LCVs). In addition to this, compared with battery-powered vehicles, fuel cells have adequate fuel storage for long-range applications and provide fast fueling. Moreover, the governments around the world are making sincere efforts to promote the use of fuel cells for big transportation. Such a scenario is likely to bolster growth prospects of the global fuel cell vehicle market in the years to come.

Asia Pacific to Remain at Vanguard with Surge in Number of Auto Sales

Asia Pacific is expected to stay at a dominant position in the global fuel cell vehicle market. This can be mainly attributed to the growing number of auto sales in countries such as South Korea and Japan. The government in Japan is also encouraging the use of fuel-cell cars by implementing stringent norms and drafting initiatives such as offering customer assistance in the form of vehicle subsidies. This has further facilitated the development of clean energy in the automotive industry. Against this backdrop, Asia Pacific is set to lead the global fuel cell vehicle market throughout the projection timeframe.

Prominent Market Players

Some of the fuel cell vehicle market players include BMW Group, Ballard Power Systems Inc., Honda Motor Co Limited, Audi AG, Volvo Group, Daimler AG, General Motors Company, Toyota Motor Corporation, Toshiba, American Honda Motor Co., and Man Se.

Get a Sample Copy/TOC of Fuel Cell Vehicle Market:

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[edaworks]

Wasteland Survival Guide: The Institute, Fusion Reactors, and M.I.T.'s Actual Basement

It's that time again. Periodically I make unreasonable longposts about Fallout-related topics (it's a good way to keep track of fic research). Today I'm tackling nuclear fusion, the Institute, and the real-world Massachusetts Institute of Technology's basement.

Yeah, Yeah, M.I.T. is the Institute, We've All Seen - Wait, What Do You Mean, "The Vault Laboratory?"

M.I.T. - the Massachusetts Institute of Technology - is a highly exclusive research university with a well-deserved reputation for hosting brilliant minds.

It also got its serial numbers filed off in order to host the in-game Institute. Why? Probably because of all the very real research into robotics, artificial intelligence, and power armor (no really). And because M.I.T. is actually doing now what the Institute tries to do in-game with nuclear fusion.

And, of course, because of the vaults in the basement.

You know what? I'll just start at the top...Read on below.

I'll be focusing on fusion-related research in this post, and comparing in-game Institute work on fusion to what's actually happening over at M.I.T. (We'll get to the Media Laboratory and robotics and AI and the, uhm, power armor stuff in a separate post. Or three.)

all actual M.I.T. researchers/faculty/students and/or nuclear physicists have my sincere apologies, I don't know shit about shit but I'm doing my best

I Didn't Sign Up for a Physics Class, but Okay

Here's the thing about nuclear fusion generators - y'know...the ones powering nearly** the entirety of pre-war in-game America?

Including self-contained, miniaturized reactors (fusion cores, fusion cells, microfusion cells, Corvega engines, assaultron and robobrain power supplies, recharger weapons, G.E.C.K.s, etc.) and full-scale reactors (powering vaults, the Lucky 38, the Prydwen (and Rivet City before Maxson Happened), missile silos, etc.)...?

We don't have them yet.

Of course we have nuclear power generation, what are you talking about?

Yes - but nuclear power plants currently operating use fission reactors! Fusion reactors, though? Well...

For the pre-war in-game universe, even more than for us, that fuel-to-energy ratio would have been absurdly important. Companies rushed to implement fusion for damn near every possible use, but waited until the Resource Wars left them no other choice. "No more (viable) oil reserves? Well, shit. Fusion it is."

Because of this, by October 23, 2077, pre-war Western markets were still somewhat new to adopting miniaturized nuclear fusion reactors.

For instance, Chryslus' first fusion vehicles - intentionally reminiscent of the absolutely wild Ford Nucleon concept car dreamed up in 1957 - came to market in 2070, less than a decade before the nuclear exchange.

As for the other benefits of nuclear fusion...Atom knows the in-game universe could do with less radioactive contamination:

It is no wonder the Institute wants to get the reactor in their basement up, running, and running better than originally designed.

Real-life M.I.T. is no stranger to running fusion reactors - they've been at it since the late '60s - but as it turns out, they are currently also "building a better mousetrap," and if they succeed they will be achieving all the Institute would hope for in clean energy production - without the moral deficit.

If nuclear fusion is so great, why aren't we using this technology yet IRL?

Because - and I cannot stress this enough - we are attempting to levitate bits of the Sun inside a donut to make really hot things boil water* so steam will turn a fan attached to a dynamo to power light bulbs.

*(there are two other ways to generate power using this heat)

Naturally...this comes with some complications.

We know fusion reactors can be the most energy-efficient form of power generation - we just need better reactors. That's where M.I.T. comes in.

The biggest problem right now is efficiency:

TL;DR - as of April 2024, all fusion reactors as a matter of course still consume more power to run than they are able to produce (meaning they do not reach "breakeven"). Many cutting-edge reactors also require tritium (very rare) as well as deuterium (very common) fuel.

We did not even see a fusion reaction that reached "breakeven" for power production until December of 2022. That reaction occurred at the National Ignition Facility in California, and their results just passed peer review in February of this year (2024).

Several in-progress reactors aim to improve on this, including ITER (the combined work of dozens of nations) in France, and SPARC: the new reactor under development by Mass Fusion Commonwealth Fusion Systems and M.I.T.'s Plasma Science and Fusion Center (PSFC).

Another big problem with this technology is that it involves plasma.

Plasma, as a particular song reminds us, is what the Sun is made of and The Sun Is Hot. That means plasma carries some very real 'we're-losing-structural-integrity, the-warp-core-is-breaching' risks, and we must jump through all kinds of hoops to work with it.

Why are we shoving the Sun inside a donut, again?

The most well-funded, well-researched way of smashing atoms together involves plasma and magnetic confinement fusion.

This shit is beyond cool. It may also look very familiar:

In-game, the Institute is trying to get what appears to be a spherical tokamak reactor up and running.

Bethesda's choice of reactor was no coincidence: M.I.T. operated the Alcator C-Mod, a spherical tokamak, while Fallout 4 was under development - but that reactor could not achieve "breakeven" IRL, and per Shaun's in-game dialogue, the fictional Alcator C-Mod couldn't either. (Weird given the miniaturized fusion devices everywhere in-universe, but okay, Shaun.)

However, M.I.T. stopped operating that reactor in 2016, a year after Fallout 4's release. SPARC, their planned replacement reactor actually has the sort of power potential we see in-game - and they aim to bring fusion power to market in this decade.

M.I.T., right now, in real life, is doing exactly what you're asked to help the Institute do in-game: build a fusion reactor that surpasses "breakeven."

What the hell is a tokamak and why does it look like half of a Star Trek warp core?

Your typical tokamak reactor is a great big donut-shaped vacuum chamber (the torus), traditionally surrounded by AT LEAST three sets of electromagnets (sometimes many more). M.I.T.'s design for the new SPARC reactor is a bit different, but let's start with the basics.

Why so many magnets?

Because plasma, being Literal Sun Matter, cannot come into contact with the torus containment walls or it will instantly burn through. (This happened in France in 1975. Following initial "well, fuck"s and a couple years' repairs, the logical next step was to publish a paper about it.)

The magnetic fields work to heat the plasma and provide current drive (keep electrons moving in a consistent direction through the plasma and around the torus), while also keeping it from touching anything, preventing a "warp core breach." I'll take a stab at explaining it but the Department of Energy probably does it better.

Meet the magnets:

Toroidal field magnets (blue, above): These enormous D-shaped magnets wrap around and through the torus, conducting an electrical current. This creates a magnetic field that keeps plasma from drifting horizontally into the containment walls.

Central solenoid (green, above): Inside the "donut hole" sits a massive, stacked electromagnet that generates enough electromagnetic force to launch two space shuttles at once. This heats the fuel to about one hundred million degrees Celsius so that it reaches plasma state, and helps "drive" the plasma current around the torus. (Radiofrequency or neutral beam injection heating/drive may be used as well for reactor prototypes aiming for power generation, because current drive from just the solenoid isn’t practical for continuous operation.) The central solenoid also creates another magnetic field called the "poloidal field," which "loops" around the plasma like a collar to prevent it from drifting vertically into the walls. The strongest central solenoid in existence was made for the ITER reactor...by General Atomics.

Outer poloidal field magnets (grey, above): A third set of electromagnets "stacks" up the outside of the torus, and helps maintain and adjust the poloidal field.

Together these three sets of magnets force the plasma to "float" inside the torus, shape it, and provide current drive. The stronger the magnetic field, the higher the reactor's power output.

Okay, and then what?

Given sufficient heat and drive/stability, the plasma fuel mixture undergoes fusion.

Neutrons released during fusion have plenty of kinetic energy (the kind of energy a kickball has midair before it hits you in the face), but no electric charge.

Since magnetic fields only affect negatively or positively charged particles, neutrons completely ignore the fields, sailing straight through and slamming into a "blanket" of metal coating the donut's insides. Neutrons passing into the 'blanket" lose their kinetic energy, which is converted to heat and absorbed by the "blanket." (ITER's "blanket" involves a lot of beryllium, which...behaves a bit differently IRL than it does in-game.)

Heat captured by the "blanket" is then used to generate power. For instance, a water cooling system can bleed heat from the "blanket," regulating temperature and creating superheated highly-pressurized steam to run turbine generators.

I notice you described a "typical" tokamak above -what's the atypical option?

Check out SPARC.

Its huge design departure is that it uses new high-temperature superconducing magnets (most existing types have to be cooled to vacuum-of-space temperatures using something like a liquid helium system to achieve superconductivity, which is a huge power drain) to create a monstrous magnetic field - and its size is tiny in comparison to its projected power output.

Neat. So why did you refer to plasma as a problem?

Well...between the heat and the neutrons, the "blanket," the "first wall" and all plasma-facing surfaces inside the torus take one hell of a beating:

"Neutron degradation of wall surfaces-" "Energy is released in the form of the kinetic energy of the reaction products-" In practical terms, that just means countless neutrons are doing THIS:

...but to the containment wall and other surfaces inside the torus, instead of to Batshuayi's face. And so:

Basically, this stuff breaks fast enough - and the only materials that don't break quickly are rare enough - to create a real barrier to commercial use.

And THIS is one of the problems they're working on solving in M.I.T.'s basement.

Now we can talk about the Vault. FINALLY.

M.I.T. is home to the Center for Science and Technology with Accelerators and Radiation (CSTAR). CSTAR's splash page announces:

Linear plasma devices? You mean like -

No, not like plasma rifles. Instead of weapons, we're talking about tools being used to solve the "plasma fucking destroys everything it touches" problem.

How does CSTAR do this? They've got CLASS. ...No, really:

This field is called plasma-surface interaction science, and if you want a really long but very informative read on how CSTAR's work helps move it forward, check this out. It involves the DIONISOS Linear Plasma Device - a "let's shoot it with plasma and see what happens" tool.

CSTAR also works to better undertstand how materials handle radiation damage, and how they behave after becoming irradiated.

And to handle this sort of work, one needs a...

The Vault Laboratory for Nuclear Science "combines high-intensity particle sources, precision particle detection, and a heavily shielded experimental area to create a facility for nuclear research in high-radiation environments." It contains, among other things:

the DT Neutron Generator, which is used in a variety of experiments, including radiation detector development (pretty damned important) and characterization, fast neutron imaging, and material activation (stuff becoming radioactive).

the DANTE Tandem Accelerator, which was "originally designed to produce high neutron yields for use in cancer therapy research."

And that is what's actually going on in M.I.T.'s basement: truth is cooler than fiction.

The takeaways:

Yes, M.I.T. really is building a revolutionary fusion reactor with parts from Mass Fusion Commonwealth Fusion Systems.

Yes, there really is a secure underground facility where incredibly advanced research related to nuclear fusion, radiation detection, irradiated materials, and degradation of materials due to radiation exposure takes place.

Yes, I really would spend eight hours researching nuclear physics instead of doing more dishes. Shoutout to @twosides--samecoin for tolerating my absurd hyperfocus on researching this.

Thanks for coming to my TED talk on what M.I.T. is really doing in its basement.

Tune in next time for M.I.T.'s Media Laboratory, and how it is related to real-world power armor, plus: the relationship between Langley, P.A.M.'s IRL cousin, and Vault 101.

** (Fallout is wildly inconsistent re: how widespread fusion is in-game and when it was developed. I mean we're talking a two-decade spread of inconsistency! And somehow the technology - first available to the military - was then miniaturized and made available to the general public before becoming widespread for commercial power generation? And somehow we both do and don't have impossible cold fusion in game? It's a mess. I reject this reality and replace it with a fish, hence this post. Also, I hate fission batteries. don't talk to me about fission batteries, "fission batteries" are small fission reactors but they are definitely not "battery sized" - the "fission batteries" in-universe are so miniaturized that they are more likely another kind of atomic battery like a radioisotope thermoelectric generator and those are subject to a law of diminishing returns as the fuel decays/not producing a reasonably useful power output after over 200 years due to the isotopes normally used/can be VERY dangerous if the shielding is breached or removed, and - you know what, that's also a whole different post.)

[aishavass]

Stationary energy storage and automotive applications to drive the global fuel cell market at > 20% CAGR from 2019 to 2026. Asia Pacific dominated the...

[simmillercc]

SIMS 4 - SUPER KEENER TRAIT

Now available on CurseForge!

DOWNLOAD FREE HERE

ALL THE INFO:

This version of the Super Keener Trait has been completely refurbished, and deserves its very own post. The trait includes skills, wants, and autonomy from several game packs, including Base Game, but they are not required to use the trait. You simply shouldn't get anything popping up if you don't have the relevant pack.

The Super Keener Trait V6 can still be applied to sims aged child-elder.

CAS trait picker blurb:

"You love to learn and you do it well! You tend to require less time than other sims to build your mental and social skills, and maybe a few others. Genius? Extremely capable? Pff! You are next level!"

Found in Lifestyles category. I know I swap back and forth between categories, but I found this version fits best in Lifestyles.

Right off the bat, your sim will be focused, and they will always have the focused moodlet, because Super Keeners are always ready to learn! I call this, In the Zone.

There is also now a proximity buff called Like minded individual alert! and your Super Keener will be happy to be around other intelligent sims. This happens under certain circumstances, and the list is long, but basically around geeks, geniuses, sims in certain careers at level 3, Honors graduates, etc, as long as your sim is interacting with the sim with one of the required traits, your sim will receive a Happy +1 moodlet.

Now, for the nitty gritty.

⬇️If you'd prefer to just download the trait, feel free to skip all this information!

All affected skils are multiplied by 1.3, which means your Super Keener sim will learn approximately 1/3 faster than other sims without the trait. Here are the skills:

CHILD

ALL MENTAL AND SOCIAL SKILLS

ADULT

ARCHAEOLOGY

CHARISMA

COMEDY

ENTREPRENEUR

FABRICATION

HANDINESS

HERBALISM

HUMANOID ROBOT ENHANCEMENT

LOCAL CULTURE

MEDIA PRODUCTION

MEDIUM

MISCHIEF

PAINTING

PROGRAMMING

RETAIL SALES AND MAINTENANCE

ROBOTICS

ROCKET SCIENCE

VIDEO GAMING

RESEARCH/DEBATE

VAMPIRE LORE

VETERINARIAN

WRITING

Several autonomy/commodity factors have been increased by 1.5, while a few have been decreased by half (0.5). Basically, your sim will be pushed to autonomously do certain actions, or will receive more benefits from certain states.

The three states which have been reduced by half are:

BORED (it will take more for your sim to be bored)

Your sim will want to autonomously do BRO related actions less

ALIEN MEMORY ERASE COOLDOWN (your sim will recover faster)

OWNABLE VET CLINIC CUSTOMER WAIT TIME

The states affected in a positive manner multiplied by 1.5 are:

CHILD AND/OR TEENS

LIFESKILLS AUTONOMY RESPONSIBILITY

LIFESKILLS AUTONOMY CONFLICT RESOLUTION

HOMEWORK

HOMEWORK CLASS A B C D

HOMEWORK PREPARE FOR TEST

HS COMPUTER TEAM

OVERACHIEVER SKILL TRACKER

SCOUTING

VIDEO GAMING AND STREAMING - INCLUDES SIDE HUSTLE

ARCADE MACHINE

MOTION GAMING RIG - ADVENTURE/FAMILY/PUZZLE/SPORTS

EMOTION AUTONOMY FOCUSED

ADULTS

ARCHAEOLOGY TABLE - AUTHENTICATE ARTIFACT/ANALYZE COLLECTIBLE/UNCOVER ARTIFACT/EXTRACT ELEMENT/REFINE CRYSTAL

ARCADE MACHINE PROGRESSION

BOTS ENHANCEMENT PROGRESS

EMOTION AUTONOMY FOCUSED

FESTIVAL FLEA MARKET HAGGLER

CAULDRON CRAFTING PROGRESS

COLLEGE ORGANIZATION SECRET SOCIETY SPRITE FAVOUR

COMPUTER GAME MOD BLICKBLOCK/HILLOCK/INCREDIBLE SPORTS/MARIA SISTERS/REFUGE/ROADRIVAL/SIMS FOREVER RENAMED

COMPUTER VIDEO GAMING - RESEARCH/STREAMS

BUFF READ BOOK FOCUSED LOW

ECO UPGRADE FUEL - FUEL CELL/SIPHONER

INTERROGATION TABLE PROGRESS

METEORITE

MOTION GAMINGRIG - ADVENTURE/FAMILY/PUZZLE/SPORTS

OVERACHIEVER SKILL TRACKER

PROGRAMMING SKILL PROGRESS - APP/FREELANCE/GAME/PLUGIN/VIRUS

SICKNESS SYSTEM - DIAGNOSIS/SURGERY TABLE

TEMPLE TRAP VIEW

TRAIT ALIEN BRAIN POWER

TRAIT AUTONOMY BOOKWORM

TRAIT AUTONOMY GEEK

TRAIT AUTONOMY GENIUS

UNIVERSITY ENROLLMENT APPLICATION TIME

VIDEO GAMING AND STREAMING - INCLUDES SIDE HUSTLE

VIDEO GAMING SKILL - PARTY/PLATFORMER/RACING/RPG

WEREWOLF PACK VALUE - DIPLOMACY

WEREWOLF PACK VALUE - SELF IMPROVEMENT

WRITING SKILL - LITERARY DIGEST

XRAY MACHINE CALIBRATION

CAREER BENEFIT:

ACTIVIST CHARITY

ACTIVIST POLITICIAN

AGENT

BUSINESS

CONSERVATIONIST

CORPORATE WORKER

CRITIC

EDUCATION

ENGINEER

ENTERTAINER

SOCIAL MEDIA

TECH

WRITER

CAREER HACK PAYOUT MULTIPLIER

CAREER SCIENTIST BREAKTHROUGH PROGRESS

CAREER WORK PERFORMANCE INTELLIGENCE DB

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WANTS - wants are things that your sim wants to do and receives satisfaction points for. They show up in the little thought bubbles above your sim's head in the UI section of the screen.

ANALYZE BOOK

ANALYZE MICROSCOPE SAMPLE

BE FRIENDLY WITH

BE FUNNY WITH

CHAT WITH

DISCUSS LOGIC PUZZLES

DO PROGRAMMING EARN 100

ENTER GAME TOURNAMENT

GET FOCUSED

GET TO KNOW

HACK ATTEMPT

HACK SCHOOL GRADES

HACK SUCCESSFUL

MAKE A NEW FRIEND

OBSERVE CHESS

PLAY CHESS FOR AN HOUR

PLAY CHESS TRAVEL TO LIBRARY

PLAY COMPUTER GAME

PLAY VIDEO GAMES FOR AN HOUR

PLAY VIDEO GAMES

PLAY WITH TOYS (CHILD)

PRACTICE CODING

PRACTICE SPEAKING

PRACTICE WRITING

READ BOOK

READ BOOK TRAVEL TO LIBRARY

RESEARCH GAMING

SEARCH FOR TRUTH

SKILL UP CHARISMA

SKILL UP COMEDY

SKILL UP HANDINESS

SKILL UP LOGIC

SKILL UP PROGRAMMING

SKILL UP ROCKET SCIENCE

SKILL UP VIDEO GAMING

START NEW COMPUTER GAME

START NEW MOBILE APP

TALK THROUGH ISSUES

TALK ABOUT SPACE

TRACK SATELLITE

TRAVEL TO LIBRARY

Whew! You made it to the end 😁 Now go grab the Trait!