#forex trading wiki

[qocsuing]

Navigating the Forex Market: How WikiFX Ensures Broker Transparency

Navigating the Forex Market: How WikiFX Ensures Broker Transparency The forex market, known for its vast opportunities and high volatility, can be a challenging environment for traders, especially when it comes to choosing a reliable broker. The lack of transparency and information about brokers has often led to traders falling victim to fraudulent practices. This is where WikiFX steps in, providing a comprehensive platform that ensures broker transparency and helps traders make informed decisions.To get more news about WikiFX, you can visit our official website.

The Need for Transparency in Forex Trading Transparency in the forex market is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it helps traders avoid scams and fraudulent brokers. Secondly, it ensures that traders have access to accurate information about brokers’ regulatory status, trading conditions, and customer feedback. This information is vital for making informed decisions and minimizing risks.

WikiFX: A Comprehensive Solution WikiFX was created to address the forex market’s lack of transparency and information. The platform provides detailed information about forex brokers, including their regulatory status, trading conditions, and client feedback. Here are some of the key features that make WikiFX an essential tool for forex traders:

Extensive Broker Database: WikiFX boasts a vast database of over 43,000 forex brokers. This extensive collection allows traders to find and compare brokers easily. The database is regularly updated to ensure that traders have access to the most current information1. Client Feedback System: One of the standout features of WikiFX is its client feedback system. Traders can rate and review brokers based on their personal experiences. This system helps other traders understand a broker’s reputation and customer service. The feedback is moderated to ensure that only genuine reviews are published, enhancing the platform’s credibility1. Regulatory Information: WikiFX provides detailed information about each broker’s regulatory status. This feature is crucial for traders looking to avoid unregulated or fraudulent brokers. The platform also offers a Regulatory Wiki section, which provides comprehensive information about forex regulation in various countries and regions. Multi-language Support: To cater to traders worldwide, WikiFX supports multiple languages, including English, French, Chinese, Arabic, and Vietnamese. This feature makes the platform accessible to a broader audience. Strict Evaluation Process: Brokers listed on WikiFX are required to provide detailed information about their services, including trading conditions, fees, and regulatory status. The WikiFX team reviews and verifies this information. Additionally, WikiFX has teams worldwide that perform field surveys to verify the legitimacy of brokers��� business premises. Enhancing Trader Confidence By providing detailed and accurate information about brokers, WikiFX enhances trader confidence. Traders can make informed decisions, knowing that the brokers they choose are regulated and have a good reputation. This confidence is crucial in a market where trust is often in short supply.

The Role of Technology WikiFX leverages technology to provide a user-friendly platform that is accessible to traders of all skill levels. The platform’s mobile application allows traders to access information on the go, making it easier to stay informed and make quick decisions. The app’s intuitive design ensures that even novice traders can navigate the platform with ease.

Conclusion Navigating the forex market can be daunting, but platforms like WikiFX make it easier by ensuring broker transparency. With its extensive database, client feedback system, regulatory information, multi-language support, and strict evaluation process, WikiFX provides traders with the tools they need to make informed decisions. By enhancing transparency and providing reliable information, WikiFX plays a crucial role in helping traders navigate the complex world of forex trading.

[molsons112000]

By the way right next to the border trade is the chicago federal reserve... The Chicago Federal Reserve deals in Forex!!!! So that Means chicago Is very big forex exchange, actually physical exchange.

Do governments trade forex?

The foreign exchange market is the most liquid financial market in the world. Traders include governments and central banks, commercial banks, other institutional investors and financial institutions, currency speculators, other commercial corporations, and individuals.

https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Fo...

Foreign exchange market - Wikipedia

Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago

https://www.chicagofed.org

Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago

The homepage of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, including recent news, upcoming events, and economic snapshot data.

[libertarian6543]

Libertarian Wiki is a place for the freedom of money, especially with cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. We discuss decentralized money as well as related topics like crypto taxes and forex trading.

forex investing

[xkzanova]

The Greatest Guide To Apostille Services For Philippines

Testimonials "I really suggest International Apostille. They take on the overwhelming obligation of the apostille files method and simplify it for their purchasers.

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What we take into consideration right before working with anonymous sources. Do the resources know the information? What’s their inspiration for telling us? Have they proved trusted prior to now?

An Apostille (Certification) is actually a square approximately 9cm prolonged, ordinarily stamped onto the reverse aspect of one website general public document. It is actually formatted into numbered fields to allow Licensed facts for being recognized by the getting nation, regardless of the official language of the issuing place.

Previously, as explained by Wiki, “the document has to be Qualified through the overseas ministry from the region wherein the doc originated, after which you can by the international ministry of the government with the point out during which the doc will be employed; one of the certifications will typically be performed at an embassy or consulate.

How to get an appointment in DFA for apostille is rapidly completed on the internet. Numerous DFA branches launched a web-based appointment platform to provide DFA authentication and apostille.

Irrespective of these strengths, the Philippine financial state and overall balance are still looking for reform. Poverty, corruption, and crime are One of the nation’s most severe challenges, which makes it hard for foreigners to take a position and develop Work opportunities. Even though the Philippines’ financial state and All round steadiness are enhancing, it nevertheless incorporates a great distance to go with regard to visa software rejection fees and immigrant visa availability. Within the Philippines, US citizens can enter and remain for around fifty-nine days without a visa. Despite these Advantages, the Philippines’ economic system and balance proceed to get hampered by important challenges.

Make sure you Notice that in the event that your document is submitted to a country that is not On this list, you should Visit the nation’s philippine embassy new york International Embassy or Consulate during the Philippine's legalization.

Notarized Affidavit stating vital factual situations and indicating certificate/s as attachment/s or possibly a jurat with the notary general public on the document.

Additionally, it is an important strategic associate inside a location in which China has actually been asserting its armed force's power and building navy outposts on contested islands.

Whether or not you have already been an OFW for very some time or this can be your 1st time Functioning overseas, Here are a few useful suggestions and stage-by-move guides on how to obtain Apostille paperwork.

You may validate the authenticity of the apostilled doc online. The DFA introduced a wonderful platform that might be employed by embassies and consulate workplaces or anyone who would like to Test irrespective of whether their authenticated certificates are legit. Do the subsequent measures.

I discovered a lot about finance after Operating to get a digital advertising and marketing enterprise specializing in investing and trading shares, forex, and so on. Following that, I got exposed to other verticals for instance prosperity management and personal finance, which even further enhanced my knowledge of the economic earth.

[supercoolr-blog2]

Forex Trading Wiki http://dlvr.it/RczC89

[cmprimeuae]

Get the forex best brokers to start trading in forex trading for success in the Forex Market.

[collectornahas]

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[bestbitcoinsitesblog]

Buy Bitcoin in Canada With Leading Exchanges

Here's your quick and easy 5 minute and 5-second guide to buy and trade bitcoins in Canada. Just deposit CAD into your online bank account and then buy some. Sell back on the currency market. You've got everything you need to get started, just follow these steps.  You can know more about bitcoin on this page.

This step is pretty self-explanatory. But let me give you a quick rundown of some popular exchanges. First, there is the main chain, which is a Canadian version of the biggest exchanges (for now, at least). Next is the alternative coinage system, which works pretty much the same way across all major currency pairs. Last but not least is the Canadian Dollar, which trades very little and is consequently very cheap when buying and selling.

Now, onto the actual buying and selling of the crypto coins themselves. There are currently three very popular options. The most popular and therefore probably the one you should focus on if you're new to this sort of thing. The two main choices are the Point of Sale (POS) platform and the Live Forex Network (LFC) platform. Visit https://virgocx.ca/en-buy-bitcoin/ to get the best bitcoin platform.

With the Point of Sale platform, you have a variety of ways to buy and trade. You can trade via the internet as usual. You can also use credit cards, PayPal, and paper checks. Or you can use an ATM and get integrated with the Canadian financial world.

The other choice is the Live Forex Network. Live Forex offers both the Canadian dollar and the US dollar as well as several other currencies. These include the EUR/CHF, the AUS, the NZD, the GBP, and the SGBP. As you can imagine, since these currencies are not widely recognized or even exchanged regularly in most countries around the world, they can be difficult to get to when you want to buy or sell. With the LFC platform though, all of these currencies are available for your to trade. This makes it easier to buy a variety of cryptosurfs and make transactions promptly that allows you to maximize your profits.

When it comes to choosing an exchange to buy Cryptocurrency in Canada, your best option is the LFC Exchange. This is the most popular of the exchanges because they are the most accessible. They offer twenty-four-hour-a-day liquidity which gives you peace of mind that your investments are safe and secure. Also, they have some of the best customer services in the business. As an investor, you want to choose a company with people who are willing to help you out as you invest and grow your wealth. You can get more enlightened on this topic by reading here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_currency.

[seoservice21213-blog]

Benefits of an FX Trading Wiki

One of the most comprehensive ways of creating an information source on the Internet is through the use of wiki software. One of the most popular websites in the world paved the way for the acceptance of this type of technology. The benefits of the software allow multiple users to share in crediting the knowledge about the subject. As information is clarified or becomes updated, edits can be made to existing information. The software keeps track of who and how often these updates occur. These are major reasons why this software would be an excellent choice for creating a FX Trading Wiki.

The practice of FX or foreign exchange trading has grown thanks to the widespread use of the Internet. As such, more and more people are seeking information regarding how this process works. A FX Trading Wiki would prove to be a valuable resource for those people seeking this method of investment. It would require some initial setup but once the beginning settings are established, the wiki would quickly become full of relevant forex video information. As the popularity of the site grows, it will create a community of users.

Once the FX Trading Wiki is up and running, there will likely be some power users. Once trust has been established, these people can be assigned higher security and more responsibilities in managing the wiki. The users will be grateful for the recognition of their involvement. It will also help make the overall administration of the wiki easier. By allowing a few people to have greater rights, it will prevent an overall feeling of bias on the site.

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[brucbonduab123-blog]

Bruc Bond

Bruc Bond endeavor to lead the financial sector with sustainability, customizable product offering, and open communication. At Bruc Bond we aim to make 21st century banking straightforward, simple, and transparent.

Bruc Bond

From Bruc Bond we’ve been experts in global payments. It’s in this blood. We truly do know that not most people shares our romance for the intricacies associated with cross-border transfers, standard codes and charge specifications, and that’s ok. Not anyone needs to share much of our enthusiasm. But most people do think that despite the fact that you’re not likely to become a master from international banking, it’s a world everybody should be aware of a few things about. That’s why we’re getting into this introductory sequence where we’ll proceed deep into the complexnesses of international bills.

Over the coming calendar months we will investigate the differences amongst the world’s different repayment systems, see how these people interconnect and speak about their advantages. To begin the process, we’re going to summarize a few terms to help you hopefully clarify a lot of confusion.

International along with cross-border payments The two of these terms are often utilized interchangeably to talk about what is essentially the one thing: payments that cross punch national borders. Cross-border or international funds can travel your convoluted road to arrive a destination. Your payment within the eurozone could be send around Europe’s SEPA mobile phone network or one of the additional clearing mechanisms to the continent, but a large number of transactions don’t possess such easy implies readily available. A money from the UAE so that you can Belize, for instance, are going to go through the USA. Used, that means that a very payment would need to keep to US laws and regulations, regardless if these have no counterpart either in the resource country or your destination.

FX FOREX CURRENCY (Foreign eXchange) might be used to refer to overseas or cross-border installment payments, but it typically signifies only the trading of one currency to get another denomination.

Reporter banks You’ll at times see us reference “correspondent banks”. Most are the financial institutions during which your international passes across are sometimes made. Look into them as the lender used by your loan provider. Banks usually have accounts with much bigger financial institutions. These are accustomed to facilitate the copy of funds to be able to other banks that your choice of own financial specialist doesn’t have a steer agreement with, characteristically across international boundaries.

SEPA The Singular Euro Payments Section is a system begun by the European Union to help simplify banks airport shuttles denominated in dollar. This system allows speedy transfers between all of participating countries.

FAST The Society designed for Worldwide Interbank Budgetary Telecommunication refers to a good communication network that permits financial institutions around the world to help you send and acquire messages about budgetary transactions, letting the other person know how much so that you can debit and consumer credit rating and in what exactly accounts.

BIC The Identifier Code looks at the unique codes found in the SWIFT system to identify particular mortgage lenders.

IBAN An International Checking account Number is the long-string identifier used in a SWIFT network to be able to designate individual reports.

Routing Number A good routing number is definitely additional piece of settlement instruction used in specific territories, mostly being historic holdover. In the united states they are called “routing numbers”, while Questionnaire has the “BSB Code”, China the “CNAPS”, and India showcases its own “ISFC Code”.

There are many more terms and conditions and definitions which can be essential to know the moment dealing with international obligations and we will be running deeper into all of them in our next initial articles. Over the heading months we definitely will explore this matter in much more depth. But for right now, these are, shall you say, the naked necessities of cross-border funds flows.

References Bank https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank

[supercoolr-blog2]

Forex Trading Wiki http://dlvr.it/RczBY5

[onlineinvestments13-blog]

Comprehension Online Investment Strategies

On the net investment strategies can include lots of options. Online brokerages along with websites enable anyone involving legal age to engage with buying and selling stocks, bonds, foreign money, commodities, and precious metals. Mainly because investing online is equally easy and risky, if you are new with trading, take each precaution, research well just about every investment firm and every expenditure prospect, and invest slowly but surely and with extreme caution. Learn about purchase and formulate your investment decision strategy before spending money. onlineinvestments.org

Investment Markets Before shelling out the first cent in an on the net investment, ensure you know precisely any type of investment tools that fit your investment outlook, short term and also long term financial goals. Often the categories of investment vehicles include things like:

Capital Market: Where health systems and large corporations raise long run funds. Those providing cash meet those who provide investments, and trades are made, each party hoping it will make money. Cash market investments include companies, bonds, mutual funds, selections, Treasury bills, and more.

Thing Market: Investors in the everything markets enter contracts about such items as gardening products including fruits, facilities, livestock, coffee, soybeans, plus much more, as well as precious metals-raw as well as primary products. Most thing contracts usually pivot with future prices, such as a may purchase on winter rice.

Foreign Exchange (Forex) Market: Attached completely in buying and selling money, the Forex Market has a direct affect on the value or strength of country's currency. Inflation represents its part, but as with the investment vehicles, the amount of purchase interest and activity in a very currency--how much is purchased, along with the price an investor is able to pay-influence how much one currency exchange is worth in relation to another.

Market bourse: A traditional or online expense in the money market involves dealing securities with a maturity connected with less than one year.

Real Estate Market: Even though investment strategies that include shopping for real estate online are not really the same as other online ventures, searching for real estate for sale can easily be done via the Internet. If serious about investing in this market, look for excellent values in land along with land improvements permanently included to the land. Before obtaining, however , ensure you conduct required groundwork on any property this catches your eye. Widespread real estate investments include just land or commercial, domestic, or industrial buildings.

Cautionary Points Regardless of what type, procedure, or amount of investment you intend to make, never invest some cash before you thoroughly investigate for your own the opportunity that you find. Have a tendency automatically take the word of somebody, simply because he or she may have this license. There are different types of license, are costly legal, not all are supplied by the Security Exchange Cost.

Read 'opportunity' emails along with a jaundiced eye, if at all. Survey spam to the email lending institution. If you sign up for an online expenditure e-zine or newsletter, achieve this with the foreknowledge that it may raise unsolicited emails from other individuals.

Most importantly, never invest blindly or automatically. Keep control on your money; don't allow others to govern your investment dollar not having your expressed and per-instance authorization, and make sure you elegantly communicate permission or denial in communications. Formulate an investment strategy in addition to stick to it.

When looking to make any investments online, it's important to make sure you know where your hard earned money is going. For times like these, we highly recommend you read through the list of valuable information and resources available from OnlineInvestments.org. The site is loaded with the best resources and guides on how to spend your money, invest in the future or even how to start trading stocks or launching your own 401k. When it comes to your money and how you are going to grow it over time, be sure to put in the necessary time and effort before making any specific decision.

References Investment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investment

[ryogrid]

Python Implementation of FX System Trading Agent with Deep Reinforcement Learning (DQN)

Hi, I'm ryo_grid a.k.a. Ryo Kanbayashi.

I implemented a trading agent (with decent performance) with deep reinforcement learning (DQN) to simulate automated forex trading (FX) as an practice for learning how to apply deep reinforcement learning to time series data.

This work have done with time of 20% rule system at my place of work partially: Ory Laboratory inc .

In this article, I introduce details about my implementation and some ideas about deep reinforcement learned trade agent. My implementation is wrote with Python and uses Keras (TensorFlow) for implementing deep learning based model.

Implementation

Papers referenced (hereinafter called to "the paper")

"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Trading", Zihao Zhang & Stefan Zohren & Stephen Roberts, 2019 . papers 1911.10107, arXiv.org.

State

Current price (Close)

Past returns

The difference between the price at time t and the price at time t, which corresponds to the episode

The method proposed in the paper is not intended for FX only. So, as an example, if we consider the case of stocks, I thought that we can interpret the price change as a return

4 features. 1 year, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months

These are normalized by the square root of the number of days in the period and the exponentially wighted moving starndard deviation (EMSD) in the last 60 days

(In my implementation, I replaced one day to a half-day, so a number used on calculation is double the number of days)

About EMSD in Wikipedia

For more information, please see the paper and my implementation

Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD)

It seems to mean the same thing as what is commonly known, but the method of calculation seems to be different, so please refer to the formula in the paper and my implementation

Relative Strength Index (RSI)

It looks past 30 days

Later features are added by me (I replaced LSTM layers which handle multiple time series data to Dense layers. So, I added several technical indicators as summary data for historical price transition)

Change ratio in price between a price of t and price of t-1

Several Technical Indicators

Moving Avarage (MA)

MA Deviation Rate

First line value of the Bollinger Bands

Seconde line value of the Bollinger Band

Percentage Price Oscilator (PPO)

Chande Momentum Oscillator (CMO)

volatility

Exponentially wighted moving starndard deviation (EMSD) in the last 60 days

Same as the value used in calculating the feature "Past returns", and same as the value used in calculating the reward

Action

Sell, Do nothing, Buy

Actions are replesented as Sell = -1, Do nothing = 0, Buy = 1

Environment buys and sells corresponding to the selected action, puts the value shown above corresponding to the action into the reward formula, and returns the value to agent

Do nothing: do nothing

Buy: close a short position and open a long position If having a long position. If not, do nothing

Sell: close a short position and open the short position If having a short position. If not, do nothing

　　　The formula for calculating reward

Reward

Calculating formula

Calculating fomula is one shown above

Each constant and variable

A{t}: the value corresponding to the action selected at time t. The value is: Sell = -1, Do nothing = 0, Buy = 1. When it used in the calculation, t indicates the time of the current episode. The formula for reward uses the actions selected at t-1 episode and t-2 episode. But A{t} which is selected at current episode is not used

μ: in the case of FX, it is equivalent to the number of currencies to be purchased. The paper says the was set to 1

σ{t}: volatility at time t. See the paper and serious implementation for the calculation

σ{tgt}: I honestly don't understand much about this. The value must be a certain percentage of the value of return for a particular period of time (not constant value) accordint to refereed papers from the paper. But performance was bad when the definition is used. So I checked the range of values that σ{t} and I fixed it to 5.0

p{t}: price at time t without considering the spread

r{t}: p{t} - p{t-1}

bp: the percentage of transaction fees, which in the case of FX is payed as spread. In the my implementation, if there was a spread of 0.003 Yen per Dollar when 1doller = 100Yen, the valuation loss is assumed to be 0.0015 Yen for one way. So I fixed bp to 0.0015

Interpretation of the reward formula in broad terms

The basic idea is to learn appropriate actions corresponding to input features from the results of transactions in the training data (I recognize that this is essentially the same as forex prediction, etc.)

However, instead of simply using trading results as a reward, the risk of holding a position represented with the recent volatility is considered and the reward is scaled with the risk value (in the paper, this may be a method that is applied to portfolio management, etc.)

In calculating the reward at a episode in time t, informatoin of A{t} selected in time t is not used. It seems strange. However certain percentage of the rewards in next episode is added (sometimes positive, sometimes negative) due to Q-learning update equation. And reward of next episode in time t+1 is mainly determined from result of a transaction corresponding to A{t}. So there is no problem.

Interpretation of specific expressions

Fomula in box brackets corresponds to the change in holding status of a long or short position for one currency bought and sold one episode ago (even if there is no change in the position). And μ corresponds to the number of currencies bought and sold

The first item in the box brackets evaluates the action one episode earlier A{t-1}. A{t-1} varies in {-1, 0, 1} and r{t} is the difference between the price at the time of the previous episode and the price at the current time. Therefore, the item takes a positive value if the price has gone up and a negative value if the price has gone down. Therefore A{t-1} * r{t} becomes positive value if you buy and the price goes up, and if you sell and the price goes down. It is a negative value if the trade was reversed one. In short, it represents whether the trade was correct or not. If the action was donot, A{t-1} values 0 and the value of the first item becomes 0

σ{tgt} / σ{t-1} is a coefficient for scaling the above value with volatility at t-1. In situations of low volatility, value will be higher and in high volatility, value will be lower. This causes agents to behave in such a way that it avoids trading in situations of high market volatility. It seems to me that the fractions with volatility appeared in the second item is works as same as one of first item.

On the second item, -bp * p{t-1} represents the one-way transaction cost per a currency and absolute value part represents wheter the transaction costs ware incurred in te previous episode. Therefore, multiplying them together gives the transaction cost per currency incurred in the previous episode

For the part of the second item that gives absolute value, without cossidering the scaling by volatility part, if the actions at time t-1 and t-2 were a "Sell" and "Buy" ("Buy" and "Sell"), the value is 2. The value = 2 means twice of one-way transaction costs were paid for closing a position and opening a position. "Do nothing" and "Sell" or "Buy" (even if the order is reversed) will result in a value of 1 and it means one-way cost was paied. However, in this case, there must be a case where the agent just kept the position and no cost should be incurred I think. But a one-way transaction cost was incurred on the fomula anyway. In the case of "Do nothing" and "Do nothing", the value is 0 and no transaction cost is incurred

Differences between my implementetion and the method proposed by the paper (some of which may be my misread)

σ{tgt} for reward scaling

If I'm understanding it right (I'm not sure...), the paper seems to have a value that changes from episode to episode (not a fixed value). But when I implemented it, the performance was reducedsignificantly. So I'm using a fixed value

In calculation the standard deviation for MACD, the period of time is set to six months instead of one year

The paper seems to use volatilities calculated over the differences in price changes (the difference between sccessive two prices) as volatility. But my implementation uses vollatilities calculated over the prices direectly

I also tried to implement using volatilities calculated over the differences in price changese, but it only reduced performance, so my implementation is not using it

All replays of a iteration are done at last of the iteration (fit method of TF is called once only per iteration)

Learning period and test period

My implementation uses 13 years of data from mid-2003 to mid-2016, whereas the paper uses 15 years of data from 2005 to 2019

The paper evaluates the study period as 5 years

I'm guessing that they had it as a study/test at 5 years/5 years, and when looking at performance in the next 5 years, they moved the study period forward 5 years and re-modeled it again

Half-day, not one-day

To increase trading opportunities and the number of trade

The reason for increasing the number of trades is we think it reduces the luck factor

Batch Normalization is included (the paper doesn't mention whether any layers are added other than the layers described)

No replaying across iterations

In my implementation, "memory" is cleared at start of each iteration and replays are random replay. Therefore the only records of the episodes used are those of the same iteration without duplication

In the paper, it is stated that the size of the memory is 5000 and replay is performed every 1000 episodes. So it seems that the contents of the memory are maintained across iterations and the replay is performed using the contents (it is not clear how the data of the episodes are selected for the replay)

The input features are normalized by scikit-learn's StandardScaler to all of them

In the paper, it is stated that only the value of the prices are normalized

In addition, because the features of the test data must be normalized in the evaluation with test data, a instance of StandardScaler is maintained that are fitted when normalizing the features of the training data and it is used to normalize the features of the test data as well

The paper refers to the volume of transactions as a fixed number of currencies. But my implementation dynamically changes number of currencies according to amount of money agent has

In the paper, it is stated that fomula for calculation of reward value should be changed when using not fixed number of currency on each transaction to achieve compounding effect. But the formula is not changed on my implementation

Procedure for creating a model for an operational scenario

How to decide which model to use

Look at the results of backtests run periodically during learning to find just the right number of iterations before overlearning occurs

If the trade performance is stable for about a year on backtesting. Except for there is significant market trande change, it is likely that the performance will be similar. If clearly market movements and price ranges are different from the training period and the period of the test data, there is no choice but to shut down the operation

If stable result is found, you do early stopping so that you can get the model at the point. Please note that in the current implementation, the total number of iterations is used as a parameter of the gleedy method. Therefore, you can't end execution early by reducing it. Therefore, for terminating execution, inserting code for it is necessary

If stable result does't show up, you can change the learning period (longer or shorter)

If you want to extend the learning period, you need to increase the number of NN units and if you want to shorten it, you need to reduce it, which was found experimentally

NN's expressive power varies with the number of units, so if it is too few, they cannot acquire even common rules in training and test data (before over-fitting begins) due to lack of representation maybe. If it is too many, early over-fitting occurs due to excessive expressive power maybe

As the performance tends to deteriorate when there is a gap between the training period and the test period, beginning of training data is moved forwards to shorten the period, and to lengthen the period, the beginning of the training period is moved backwards (if there is extra data) or the beginning of the test period is moved into the future (if you can accept to shorten the test period)

Agent trade performance simulation (USDJPY, EURJPY, GBPJPY)

Exclude about first one year for feature generation of later period and the subsequent six years (excluding non-tradeable weekends, etc) were used as training data. And remaining period (excluding non-tradeable weekends, etc) were used as test data

Since the evaluation backtest only outputs a log of option close, results graph below also shows the number of close transaction on the horizontal axis and the axis does not strictly correspond to the backtest period (periods when no closes occurred do not appear in the graph). But it almost corresponds because close operations are distributed evenly over the all period at the results below

Execution Environment

Windows 10 Home 64bit

Python 3.7.2

pip 20.0.2

pip module

tensorflow 2.1.0

scikit-learn 0.22.1

scipy 1.4.2

numpy 1.18.1

TA-Lib 0.4.17

(Though machine used for execution had GeForce GTX 1660 Super, I have disabled it at program start-up because using GPU makes learnig speed slow on the NN network scale of this model which is relatively small and I heard that fixing the seed will not be reproducible when GPU is used)

Exchange rate trends for each dataset (price of Close on dataset)

In my implementation, the price of the long position is based on p{t} + 0.0015 yen. The price of the short position is based on p{t} - 0.0015 yen. When closing, the price is the reverse of both. Taxation on trading profit is not considered.

USDJPY (2003-05-04_2016-07-09)

EURJPY (2003-08-03_2016-07-09)

GBPJPY (2003-08-03_2016-07-09)

Hyperparameters

Learning rate: 0.0001

Mini-batch size: 64

Traing data size: Approx. 3024 rates (half-day, approximately 6 years, not including non-tradeable days)

Number of positions (chunks of currency) that can be held: 1

NN structure: main layers are 80 units of Dense and 40 units of Dense

Dueling network is also implemented

NN structure

Backtesting results with test data for each currency pair

Backtesting is started with an initial asset of 1 million yen

The duration of the training data is about 6 years (excluding about first year of data sets).

Data of excluded first year and a little over a year is used to generate features of training period

The length of the testing period varies slightly from one another, but all of them are the last five years and a little ovaer a year (the period is continuous with the one of training data)

The following is just a case of early termination with a good number of iterations that have performed well. There are also a lot of results that are not good at all when training code progress is smaller and larger number of iterations than one of results below.

USDJPY

Trands when 120 iterations trained model is used

EURJPY

Trands when 50 iterations trained model is used

GBPJPY

Trands when 50 iterations trained model is used

Source Code

Repository (branch): github

Source File: agent, environment

This is the code used to evaluate the dataset in USDJPY. If you want to load a file of another currency pair, you can use the codes which are commented out on environmnt's data loading part

Trying to execute my code

If you are on Windows, you can run it as follows (standard output and error output are redirected to hoge.txt)

pip install -r requirements.py

pip install TA_Lib-0.4.17-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl (required only on Windows)

python thesis_based_dqn_trade_agent.py train > hoge.txt 2>&1

My code evaluates the model every 10 iterations by backtesting at train data and test data. The bactest results are output to auto_backtest_log_{start date}.csv (log of position close only). Firstlly backtest in the period of training data runs, then backtest in the test period runs subsequently. So please use the start date and time to determine which result is you want to see

In the result csv...

Second column value is number of episode which position close occurs at (0 origin)

Ninth column value is the amount of money the agent has after closing a position

Please refer to the code to see what the other column values represent :)

A side note

Reason why LSTM is not used

It was not possible to generalize when using LSTM

I tried several methods for generalization: changing hyper parameters, changing number of units, L1 and L2 regularization, weight decay, gradient clipping, Batch Normalization, Dropout, etc. But generalization is not succeeded at all

When using LSTM, there is a case that evaluated performance at train data decreases continuously with proportion as the training iteration progresses (not just temporarily)

I wasn't sure if the side of the reinforcement learning framework's problem or the characteristics of the NNs I composed

When trying simple supervised learning, which uses the same features and NN structure to predict the up or down of an exchange rate, same trends happened

Note that the above weird phenomenon were not verified when LSTM was not used.

I'm not quite sure reason why my implementation works successfully though state transition is straight (there is no branching)

About data for training period

It is best to keep the operational period and the training period as close as possible, and not to make the training period too long

If model is trained with longer period data, the model will be able to respond to many type of market movements and range changes. Howerver when long period training is applyed to model, win rate seemed to drop

Note: Challenges I've encountered in creating several Forex system trading programs and solutions of these challenges - Qiita (Japanese)

It would seem desirable if trainging period could be kept to about 3 years, but this is the flip side of the above. And if the price range is far from training data, transactions itself did not seem to occur

Generating two models, one with short training period and the other with a long training period, and switch model to operate according to market trend might be a good idea

There is no concept of stop-loss in my agent. Therefore maybe it's better to introduce stop-loss mechanism outside of the model but it's not easy. If stop-loss mechanism is implemented simply, trade performance should be not good (from my experience)

Evaluation metric of backtest (trade simulation) result

I think that it's not enough to look at the sharpe ratio

For example, stable incresing trend and trend which has radical increasing transaction and other transactions which don't chage amount of money give almost same sharp ratio values if amounts of money are same at last of test period

Series of tweets on this matter (Japanese)

Finally

I would like to express my respect and appreciation to Zihao Zhang, Stefan Zohren and Stephen Roberts who are author of the paper I was referring to

I'd appreciate it if you point out any errors in my reading of the paper

There may be some bug on my implementation. So if you find, it would be helpful if you could regist github issue to my repository

If you have any advice, I'd appreciate your comments even if it's trivial!

Enjoy!

[agenslot389]

On the web Betting Tips - Learning to make Money in Betting

On the web Betting Tips - Learning to make Money in Betting

The convenience from the internet is not only limited at this point to sharing information along with online shopping, it has also started out a lot of opportunities online for instance making good money in bets. Indeed, there are a lot of ways to make money online and but if you are an enthusiast involving sports betting or the enjoys, you can learn some online bet tips and make money in wagering online. Agen Slot Online

If you are interested in being profitable on betting online, every tips to help you minimize challenges and become successful in it. The real key to be successful in betting in addition to gambling, whether you are doing it on the web or in offline is usually to minimize your losses. In fact, you have to accept that within betting you can lose a number of and win some, as well as making your losses to begin with would be a good way in making dollars out of it.

Learn everything you could about the rules and how the adventure is played before getting your money on it. The more you already know about the game, the more you can create a successful strategy to be successful to produce money in online betting. Whether or not betting on a horse rushing, boxing or an online different roulette games, it is very basic that if you are aware of the game or the sports, you might a much better choice of where you will think.

Only wager an amount that you're willing to lose. One of the significant points that you have to keep in mind inside betting and in other quite risky business like stock investing or forex trading is to gamble only the amount that you ware willing to lose. With this, you can be safe from losing everything that you could have. 

Also one of the most important on the net betting tips that you have to bear in mind is to always be disciplined. Most of the people who are successful in these varieties of moneymaking ventures are those who is able to discipline themselves especially pertaining to betting and especially when they expertise a series of losses. Losing can be a big part on on the internet betting and gambling on the whole and you have to learn to control on your own when you lose. Stick to your gambling strategy that works and recognize when to stop especially if you move need to stop to avoid burning off more. MPO555

With this, you have to tempo yourself as well not to play way too fast. Learn to play at the pace that is comfortable with anyone. This will also allow you to delight in your money more if you can create bets for quite a time period than playing too rapid and stopping right subsequently as your cash depletes. Appropriately paced betting will also help you help to make good decisions in your bets and allows you to study your own personal bets more for larger likelihood of winning.

Last but not the least in the online betting tips to remember is to enjoy the game, though most of the times online bettors accomplish bet on sports or maybe games that they enjoy seeing, so this whole moneymaking enterprise can be fun as well.

References Slot https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slot

[allaboutforextrading-blog1]

Forex Trading Software – Essential Information You Should Remember

At one time, trading was considered controlled for the reason that forex software was not available that time. Apart from that, a good number of trading centers were merely open for a fixed number of time in a day, and you will definitely lose out on crucial forex signals once you cannot reach out to your broker. However, with the launch of forex trading software, everything has changed for the better.

In the present day, there are two types of forex trading software being used by the majority of traders. The first type is named as the service side software. Essentially, this is the kind of software that have some form of mandate among the countless traders across the world going online on a daily basis and manage their forex transactions. The client side software is the other type of forex trading software available to you. This forex trading software is what you will employ in order for you to remotely get into your forex account on a regular basis and make trades with the use of your personal computer be it at home, or inside your place of work. These are the sorts of forex trading software that uninterruptedly synchronize with each other and function as the outline of online forex trading.

This forex trading software can present you as the trader with a lot of essential information that will include the present market movements as well as the many variations in the trade rates of certain currencies. And the best thing of all, you can make sure that you will not waste your valuable time on unavoidable transmission delays for the reason that these fragments of data are going to appear in real time on your computer screen. Learn  more about Stock Market Charting Software,  go here.

The advantages does not just stop there. As soon as you obtain every recent info on your currency trades, the software for forex trading can help you formulate charts with the usage of this data and eventually help in generating practical recommendations with reference to the most appropriate move you ought to take into account. Take a  look  at this link https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_trading_software  for more information.

Every transaction by means of forex trading software are all done on the internet, as a result, the issue of online security is usually raised. For the reasons that there are a lot of excellent hackers these days, there is a good possibility that they will feel lured into accessing forex accounts that contain a lot of money. Luckily, all developers of this forex trading software have already expected this kind of situation and that is why they have managed to integrate many layers of excellent security measures on their software not just on the side of their clients but also, on the forex trading software’s service side.

[maidahkhan]

Best Online Sites For Investment

We are looking at your money. Of course, with the many articles that we have already published on the subject of earning and saving money. Inspiration comes from the web, which seems to have a lot of resources for creating wealth.

Investing properly is a matter of speed. This is where the right information, backed up by real-time data, is needed. Good investment advice websites go beyond tapes. When you have so many websites to choose from, how do you decide the best online placement site?

Well, try them out and choose the one that is right for you. Most of these websites have portfolio tools that help you manage your online investments.

So here some of the best online investing websites with help and advice.

Bitfreezy:

The most beneficial and trusted trading platform in the modern era is a bit freezy. With a bit freezy you can get profit by direct referrals as well as binary referrals by investing only 100$ and you can get more in your expectation so don’t waste your time and choice better platform for yourself. In bit freezy Asset Management refers to handling funds of clients by giving proper direction, investing and planning and providing a higher return to an investor by minimizing the risk of losing their capital in the Forex and Crypto Trading market. Your Right Investment is an Excellent Decision, Get Daily Profits and Instant Withdrawals.

Wikinvest:

Wikinvest always deserves a mention when you talk about investment aids online. Wikinvest Portfolio Manager is a comprehensive website that allows you to get the most out of your online investment portfolios. The site data import tools allow you to easily and quickly configure your portfolio account by integrating data from external brokerage sites in a few clicks. Not only can you view all of your accounts in one place, but you can also easily access portfolio analysis tools supported by real-time data and visualizations. Wikis also cover business reviews and performance indicators, allowing you to make smarter investment decisions. The Silver School is the place to go if you are just starting with personal finance and investing.

StockMapper:

Stock heat maps are visual aids that constantly update and tell you what's going on and what's going on in the financial markets. StockMapper is a collection of many heat maps reflecting the volatility of today's financial markets. Stock heat maps cover some of the major exchanges like NASDAQ, NYSE, and Eurotrac. You can use heat maps as a "dashboard" and apply filters to get the information you want based on all the relevant clues (there is also a 3D map). By clicking on the stock points coded by color, you also display news feeds relating to this stock or to this company.

FINVIZ:

This site is another stock visualization tool. The action screener also works with different filters. You can even create your own custom filter screens and map them to the online wallet for the stocks you want to focus on. You can save them as presets and use them later. The web application supports multiple charts with which you can monitor aspects such as different sectors, futures, and foreign exchange markets, or high performing stocks easily (among others).

Focus Guru:

By learning how the best investors invest, you can accelerate your life and your investment portfolio. The site does not have a direct portfolio management tool, but its task is to guide you in the selection of the right stocks. The site offers investment ideas through financial information, news, and commentary. The site does not concern short-term investments. Choosing a guru in real-time is a membership-based feature, but most parts of the site are free.

Stockpickr:

The site is part of The Street's network of financial reporting websites. It also found its place in the Times' best annual website list (2007). As the name suggests, all of the financial advice on the site comes from tracking the portfolios of many leading mutual funds, hedge funds and super-investors such as Warren Buffett, Wally Weitz, and George Soros. The articles that fall under Shopping Ideas are a must-read for useful information. If you have time, go to the checkout The stock game for stock trading.

MarketWatch:

If you want to invest wisely, you have to read something from the Wall Street Journal. In addition to topics, companies, people, investment support, and news markets, take a look at the podcasts and the Virtual Stock Exchange game. The investment section offers a range of tools that could help you better plan your decisions. For example, the list of major IPO operators (and the worst as well), comparisons between mutual funds and other filtering tools are well worth a bookmark.