#ferromagnetism series

[yeyinde]

masterlist.

omega verse : bury your teeth in me baby trap : when your need grows teeth

ONESHOTS

—baby blues (John + fatherhood) —past and pending | 18﹢ —ode to a conversation stuck in your throat | 18﹢ —fineshrine : COMPLETE | 18﹢ (pegging Price) —underdressed | 18﹢ (Price keeps the mask on) —on the flipside | 18﹢ (Johnny + PriceReader) —barking dog (Price + jealousy) —sea fever (sailor Price au) —willow tree march | 18﹢ (fae Price) —wicker pyre | 18﹢ (dragon Price) —in dreams : REQUEST | 18﹢ —wet : REQUEST | 18﹢ —better from above : REQUEST | 18﹢ (riding Price while he smokes) —textbook : REQUEST | 18﹢ (cockwarming + Price) —big bear : REQUEST | 18﹢(Price + that scene from SIX) —kilos : REQUEST | 18﹢(blowing Price with a tongue ring) —care package : REQUEST —getting spanked by Price : REQUEST | 18﹢ —cold, cold, cold REQUEST | 18﹢ (voyeurism drabble)

SERIES

—neon medusa : INCOMPLETE | 18﹢ (cyberpunk au) static in the airwaves. warning sign —caught : COMPLETE | 18﹢ (Price catches you) audience | circle the drain —seven arrows : REQUEST. INCOMPLETE | 18﹢(Ptah x Sekhmet) ferromagnetism

DRABBLES

—Price lets his team fuck his wife —Price + camgirl —manipulative Price ruining your life so gets to keep you —best friend's dad Price —regency Price au | 18﹢ pt ii —PriceReaderGhost | 18﹢ —reverent : REQUEST —positive : REQUEST

HEADCANONS

⧽ SPIT TAKE | VOICE KINK | SLOW DANCE | BATTLE SCARS | PREG!READER

SFW ALPHABET

[unfortunately-obsessed]

Remember this post I talked about eletromagnetism?

I did talk how the universe is permeated in eletromagnetism and yet Magneto wouldn't be able to stop bullets through the lead as it is not ferromagnetic (most bullets nowadays are made of lead)

I don't thinking I said it clearly enough, but he could still use paramagnetism to stop them, cuz as I said everything is affected by diamagnetism

And this got me thinking

...Oxygen is diamagnetic

So... He could deflect any projectile through controlling the air around him

And now I'm thinking about force fields that he used multiple times in the series. He can simply use manipulate magnetic fields into working as shields

But theorically, by using eletromagnetism and radiation, he can heat up air creating a field of ionised superheated air-plasma around him that could lessen shockwaves/blows too

Isn't that cool?

[materialsscienceandengineering]

A new chapter in antiferromagnetic spintronics is unfolding

Electronics play a pivotal role in today's information society. Yet only the electron charge in electronic devices is at play, making energy dissipation an increasingly pressing issue that thwarts further development. Spintronics, an interdisciplinary field in which an electron's charge and spin degrees of freedom are utilized simultaneously, enables electric control of magnetism and vice versa, paving a path towards energy-efficient and high-speed information technologies beyond the current semiconductor-based electronics.

While ferromagnets have dominated spintronics research and applications, antiferromagnets with non-trivial spin structures (Fig. 1) have attracted interest. Antiferromagnetic spintronics hold the potential to build highly integrated and ultrafast spintronic hardware.

A research team has recently highlighted a series of critical achievements in antiferromagnetic spintronics (including their own contributions), revealing an emerging frontier distinguished by the coherent spin dynamics of antiferromagnets. Details were published as a review article in Nature Materials on March 20, 2023.

The team comprised Jiahao Han, Shunsuke Fukami, and Hideo Ohno from Tohoku University; Ran Cheng from the University of California, Riverside; and Luqiao Liu from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Read more.

[kekwcomics]

Today is BANDCAMP FRIDAY, so I'm (re)releasing ONEIRIC HARDWARE by WERNECK - WRETCHMOND. https://kekw.bandcamp.com/album/oneiric-hardware An album of manipulated field-recordings sourced from server-arrays, hard-drives and peripherals from Belo Horizonte, Brasil and Yeovil, Somerset. The sound of machines dreaming. Released as a Ltd CDr in 2009 on 19f3 Records ("The world's greatest Non-Boutique Yeovil-based Nano-label"). This d/l Includes a bonus 9th track not on the original CD and only ever released as a ltd floppy-disk edition of one. No, really. From the original 19f3 Press Release: "A curious fusion of the mechanistic and the organic: a series of REM-sleep sirensongs built from whirring servos, damaged cpus and haunted read-write heads. Ghost-Industrial Music. "Sound-files rub up against each other to create accidental textures, rhythms, harmonics and voices. A chance meeting on a PC World Customer Service Desk of a zip-drive and a storage drum. REM Vs. RAM. "File under: ferromagnetic nightmares, head crashes, somnambulant automata, data archaeology, disaster recovery, nocturnal back-ups, Music for PS/2 Ports."

[justanotherbirdbrain-blog]

Geology of Apex Legends: Broken Moon

Hello and welcome to my second installment of this series! Today we are looking at the newest battle royal map, Broken Moon. The first thing to note when looking at the rocks here is the color. These are decently dark rocks which narrows down the type of rock it could be, and for the sake of this article I am going to say that this fragment is made up of basalt. Basalt is a metal rich volcanic rock that, forms columns during contraction from cooling. Which if you squint your eyes really hard you can kind of see this sort of shape from the rocks on the map, which is kind of exciting.

However, moving into the segment of what this means for the planet, or moon I guess... The official game lore is that this moon was hit by a meteor and is now in fragments as we see it in the games today. Assuming the meteor was large enough to break up fragments of the moon that large, it is probable that this piece of the moon we play on is part of its mantle and, due to being suddenly exposed to the surface after being so deep in the ground, melt would have occurred due to decompression. The mantles/cores of planets are typically richer in metals because they are more dense than other elements. This thought aligns with Catalyst’s ability which is ferromagnetic fluid, which very well could have been mined due to the large presence of necessary metals prior to the games.

Some features I would like to see on this map to make it a little more interesting would be more obvious columns of course, another really cool thing to include would be to add large copper veins in the rocks just to add some interest and really sell the metal theme, but other than that, I am unsure of what else they could add! Below are some images of copper veins and other large veins in rocks.

[uniqualis]

Understanding the Circular Solenoid: How It Works

A Circular solenoid is a steady coil of wire which is usually shaped like a helix and has been described as a fundamental device in the field of electromagnetics. This article will answer the definition and explanation of a circular solenoid, the working principle of a circular solenoid, the application of a circular solenoid, and finally, why the circular solenoid is essential for the modern world.

What is a Circular Solenoid?

A Circular Solenoid is an electromagnetic device that gives off a magnetic field that is cylindrical and can do this by passing an electric current through a coiled circular wire. This field is always a magnetic field that can be used to move a piece of metal inside the coil and be part of a series of other mechanisms used to control magnetic fields.

How Does a Circular Solenoid Work?

Electromagnetism is the phenomenon involved in the working principle of a circular solenoid. It is the generation of a magnetic field due to the presence of an electric current passing through a wire or a coil. The magnetic flux produced by this field can be easily calculated as the number of turns in the coil and the current passing into the coil. The cores are often made from metals with high magnetic resonance like iron and can therefore increase the magnetic current when current is applied or even shift from their positions when current is withdrawn.

Key Components

Coil: A single long wire wound into the form of a helix preferably of copper since it has high conductivity.

Core: The core that acts as a ferromagnetic material that varies motion according to the magnetic field.

Power Source: Brings enough current to create the magnetic field.

Pros of Using Circular Solenoids.

Precision Control: Solenoids are circular in structure and allow a good control of the mechanical motions hence needed in applications that require precision in motion.

Reliability: Solenoids have no movable parts and thus do not incur the kind of damage that may occur to other components such as electromagnets.

Efficiency: They facilitate energy-efficient production of mechanical motion from electricity with minimal wastage of energy.

Compact Design: Solenoids can be designed as circular Type solenoids in compact sizes and hence suitable for the modern application prevalent for this type of system.

Conclusion

To summarize the analysis: The circular solenoid is a key element in several electrical and mechanical systems, and its purpose is to control mechanical movements with great accuracy. It has a broad range of usage from vehicles to medical equipment therefore its significance cannot be overemphasised. The world is growing and becoming more modern; it is therefore clear that the future of circular solenoids is expanding with the change.

If you need a provider of high-quality circular solenoids and related components, a company whose specialisation consists of providing quality electrical and mechanical solutions, contact UNIQUALIS LTD.

[mpcomagnetics]

Magnetic neighbor effect and interfacial charge transfer induced layered ferromagnetic structures

Magnetic neighbor effect and interfacial charge transfer induced layered ferromagnetic structures Source: Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences As a typical correlated electron system, perovskite nickel oxide exhibits a series of rich physical properties such as metal-insulator phase transition and topological phase transition. Recently, due to the successive discoveries of 112-phase and…

[magnetic-cube]

A Magnetic Core is a device used for storing and transforming electromagnetic energy. Made primarily of iron or other magnetic materials, it is widely used in power converters, electric motors, inductors, and other electronic devices, serving to enhance energy efficiency and stabilize current.

Specific Information for Magnetic Core

Magnetic cores are an integral part of many inductor designs, as they help enhance the inductance and magnetic field strength. Here is some specific information about magnetic cores:

Types of Magnetic Cores: There are various types of magnetic cores used in inductors, including ferrite cores, powdered iron cores, laminated cores, and toroidal cores. Each type has its own unique properties and is suitable for different applications.

Ferrite Cores: Ferrite cores are made from a ceramic material composed of iron oxide and other metal oxides. They have high magnetic permeability and are commonly used in high-frequency applications due to their low losses and excellent magnetic properties at high frequencies.

Powdered Iron Cores: Powdered iron cores are made by compressing iron powder into a desired shape. They have high magnetic permeability and are often used in power applications due to their ability to handle high currents and high magnetic flux densities.

Laminated Cores: Laminated cores are made by stacking thin layers of magnetic material, such as silicon steel, to reduce eddy current losses. They are commonly used in low-frequency applications where low core losses are important.

Toroidal Cores: Toroidal cores are ring-shaped cores with a hole in the center. They provide a closed magnetic circuit, resulting in low magnetic leakage and high inductance. Toroidal cores are often used in applications where compact size and high efficiency are required.

Core Materials: The choice of core material depends on factors such as frequency range, power handling capacity, and desired performance characteristics. Different core materials have different saturation levels, temperature stability, and frequency response.

Core Losses: Magnetic cores can experience losses due to hysteresis and eddy currents. Hysteresis losses occur when the magnetic field is repeatedly reversed, while eddy current losses occur due to circulating currents induced in the core material. Minimizing core losses is important to improve the efficiency and performance of the inductor.

Core Selection: Selecting the right magnetic core involves considering factors such as the required inductance value, operating frequency, current handling capacity, temperature stability, and size constraints. Manufacturers provide datasheets and application notes to assist in selecting the appropriate core for a specific inductor design.

High-Frequency Magnetic Ring Series

Our High-Frequency Magnetic Rings are designed for superior performance in high-frequency applications. They offer excellent magnetic properties, high saturation magnetic induction, and low core loss. Ideal for use in power supplies, inverters, and other high-frequency electronic equipment.

Ferrite Magnetic Ring Series

Our Ferrite Magnetic Rings are made from high-quality ferrite materials, offering excellent magnetic conductivity and high resistance to demagnetization. They are perfect for use in a wide range of applications, including EMI suppression, inductors, transformers, and more.

[sujanindustries]

Exploring the Stainless Steel Casting: Factors to Consider

Stainless steel casting is a widely adopted manufacturing process because of stainless steel's incredible properties and durability. Whether you're in the automotive industry, kitchenware production, or any sector requiring metal parts, stainless steel casting is on your radar. But how do you make the right choice? 

Here are the essential factors you should consider when selecting stainless steel casting.

Methods of Casting and Availability

Castability is the most important factor when choosing stainless steel for casting. There are several types of stainless steel, but not all of them can be cast. The fluidity of certain grades may be lower while molten, but they may be easier to work with when machined. The grades 201, 303, 304, 309, 316, 410, 17-4 ph, 2205, and 2207 of cast stainless steel are among the most common.

Most foundries worldwide, and notably in China, primarily cast 304 and 316 grades of stainless steel. The more difficult 17-4 ph and 2205 duplex steels are different from the expertise of foundries like CFS, which has been in the business of stainless steel investment casting for almost 30 years.

Ability to Resist Corrosion

Stainless steel's resistance to corrosion is a major selling point. The amount of corrosion resistance provided by various grades varies. For instance, austenitic stainless steels have excellent corrosion resistance because of the high chromium content in these steels. Because of its corrosion resistance, 304 stainless steel is often used. Molybdenum improves the corrosion resistance of 316 stainless steel, making it an excellent choice for use in marine and chemical environments. Many huge rubber product exporters in India also use stainless steel casting in manufacturing their products due to its corrosion resistance. 

Durability, Flexibility, and Strength as Quality Indicators

The quality of a stainless steel casting grade is vital, and it may be judged by characteristics like its strength, flexibility, and toughness. In most cases, the austenitic stainless steel's increased toughness and ductility may be attributed to its higher nickel content. Keep in mind that alloy percentage isn't the only factor. When extra durability is absolutely necessary, 

precipitation-hardening or duplex stainless steels are your best bet. For one European project that CFS Foundry worked on that required outstanding strength, 2205 duplex stainless steel casting proved the best option after extensive testing.

If machining is necessary after casting, heat treatment is recommended. Internal tensions are reduced, which facilitates further machining.

Possessing a Magnetism:

The stainless steel grade's magnetic properties are also crucial to think about. Due to the chromium in them, even the most basic stainless steel will attract a magnet. When carbon is added, the material becomes martensitic and more tougher.

Stainless steels with a greater chromium and nickel content are magnetic, although the most common grades, such as 316 and 310, are not. Non-magnetic metals are ideal for applications that call for them. The 400 series, which includes ferritic and martensitic grades, may be more appropriate for uses needing magnetic responsiveness. The term "ferromagnetic" is used to describe their increased permeability. This class may also have duplex grades like 2205.

CFS Foundry can tailor magnetism to specific applications by adding nickel, resulting in magnetic or non-magnetic properties. Stainless steel casting is used by rubber product exporters in India because of its stainless steel grade's magnetic properties. 

Remember that the success of your project depends on your selection of the appropriate quality of stainless steel casting. Consider all of this and make well-informed choices; if you still need clarification, get some professional advice.

Final Thoughts: 

Choosing stainless steel casting might seem daunting, but by keeping these factors in mind, you can make informed decisions that benefit your product and bottom line. Remember, the best choice isn't always the cheapest or the most popular but the one that aligns best with your unique requirements.

Sujan Industries is a top name in stainless steel casting. If you need great steel casting services, look no further. With Sujan Industries, you're choosing quality and reliability every time.

[edgetechindustriesllc]

Element Properties:60-69 atomic number

Element Properties:60-69 atomic number

NEODYMIUM, GADOLINIUM, TERBIUM, Dysprosium, HOLMIUM, ERBIUM

NEODYMIUM

Atomic symbol: Nd

Atomic weight: 144.24

Atomic number: 60

Electron configuration: 2-8-18-22-8-2

Oxidation states: +3

State of matter: solid

Heavy metal, brittle

Discovered in 1885 by Carl Auer von Welsbach

Boils at 3127°C, melts at 1010°C

Notes:

Used in special alloys and glasses, neodymium is a silvery-white color that turns yellow when exposed to air. It is used in electronics and the manufacture of steel in alloys—especially in cigarette lighter flints. In ceramics it is used as a glaze and to color glass. The crude oxide is used to counteract the green color in iron in glass, and the m ore pure compound is used in the manufacture of purple glass.

 

GADOLINIUM

Atomic symbol: Gd

Atomic weight: 157.25

Atomic number: 64

Electron configuration: 2-8-18-25-9-2

Oxidation states: +3, +4

State of matter: solid

Heavy metal, brittle

Discovered in 1880 by J.C.G de Marignac and P.É Lecoq de Boisbaudran

Boils at 3223°C, melts at 1311°C

Notes:

Gadolinium has a silvery-white color and is moderately ductile. It becomes ferromagnetic below 17°C, and near absolute zero, becomes superconducting. It is used for some electronics, high-temperature refractories, and as an alloying agent.

TERBIUM

Atomic symbol: Tb

Atomic weight: 158.92534

Atomic number: 65

Electron configuration: 2-8-18-27-8-2

Oxidation states: +3

State of matter: solid

Heavy metal, brittle

Discovered in 1843 by Carl Gustaf Mossander

Boils at 3041°C, melts at 1360°C

Notes:

Terbium has a silver-white color. It is a rare earth metal of the yttrium group and a member of the lanthanide series.

 

DYSPROSIUM

Atomic symbol: Dy

Atomic weight: 162.500

Atomic number: 66

Electron configuration: 2-8-18-28-8-2

Oxidation states: +3

State of matter: solid

Heavy metal, brittle

Discovered in 1886 by P.É. Lecoq de Boisbaudran

Boils at 2335°C, melts at 1409°C

Notes:

A hard and reactive metal, dysprosium has few uses. Its compounds can be used as catalysts in oil refining, and as components in some electronics. Near absolute zero, dysprosium is superconducting.

HOLMIUM

Atomic symbol: Ho

Atomic weight: 164.93032

Atomic number: 67

Electron configuration: 2-8-18-29-8-2

Oxidation states: +3

State of matter: solid

Heavy metal, brittle

Discovered in 1878 by J.L Soret and M. Delafontaine

Boils at 2720°C, melts at 140°C

Notes:

Holmium is a rare earth metal of the yttrium group and a member of the lanthanide series. It is silver in color made of hexagonal close packed crystals. It is one of the most paramagnetic sources known.

ERBIUM

Atomic symbol: Er

Atomic weight: 67.259

Atomic number: 68

Electron configuration: 2-8-18-30-8-2

 Oxidation states: +3

State of matter: solid

Heavy metal, brittle

Discovered in 1843 by C.G. Mosander

Boils at 2510°C, melts at 1522°C

Notes:

Erbium is a metal with few uses. It is a grayish- silver color and can be used as an infrared absorbing glass and as an activator in some phosphorescent materials.

[jhavelikes]

In a series of recent reports, doped lead apatite (LK-99) has been proposed as a candidate ambient temperature and pressure superconductor. However, from both an experimental and theoretical perspective, these claims are largely unsubstantiated. To this end, our synthesis and subsequent analysis of an LK-99 sample reveals a multiphase material that does not exhibit high-temperature superconductivity. We study the structure of this phase with single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD) and find a structure consistent with doped Pb10(PO4)6(OH)2. However, the material is transparent which rules out a superconducting nature. From ab initio defect formation energy calculations, we find that the material likely hosts OH− anions, rather than divalent O2− anions, within the hexagonal channels and that Cu substitution is highly thermodynamically disfavored. Phonon spectra on the equilibrium structures reveal numerous unstable phonon modes. Together, these calculations suggest it is doubtful that Cu enters the structure in meaningful concentrations, despite initial attempts to model LK-99 in this way. However for the sake of completeness, we perform ab initio calculations of the topology, quantum geometry, and Wannier function localization in the Cu-dominated flat bands of four separate doped structures. In all cases, we find they are atomically localized by irreps, Wilson loops, and the Fubini-Study metric. It is unlikely that such bands can support strong superfluidity, and instead are susceptible to ferromagnetism (or out-of-plane antiferromagnetism) at low temperatures, which we find in ab initio studies. In sum, Pb9Cu(PO4)6(OH)2 could more likely be a magnet, rather than an ambient temperature and pressure superconductor.

[2308.05143] Pb$_9$Cu(PO4)$_6$(OH)$_2$: Phonon bands, Localized Flat Band Magnetism, Models, and Chemical Analysis

[yuvaana-123]

An Introduction to Current Sensors: Exploring the Different Types and Working Principles

Introduction: Current sensors play a crucial role in modern electrical systems, enabling accurate measurement and control of electric currents. They are used in a wide range of applications, from power distribution and motor control to renewable energy systems and electric vehicles. In this article, we will provide an overview of current sensors, exploring their various types and working principles.

Hall Effect Sensors: Hall effect sensors utilize the Hall effect, which states that when a conductor carrying current is exposed to a magnetic field, a voltage is generated perpendicular to both the current and the magnetic field. Hall effect current sensors detect this voltage and convert it into a proportional current measurement. They are popular due to their non-intrusive nature and high isolation capability.

Shunt Resistor Sensors: Shunt resistor sensors work based on the voltage drop across a low-resistance shunt resistor placed in series with the current-carrying path. The voltage drop is proportional to the current flowing through the resistor, allowing for current measurement using Ohm's Law (I = V/R). Shunt resistor sensors are simple, cost-effective, and commonly used for high-current applications.

Rogowski Coil Sensors: Rogowski coil sensors are flexible and can be wrapped around a conductor, enabling non-contact current measurements. They work by detecting the changing magnetic field induced by the current in the conductor. The coil generates an output voltage proportional to the rate of change of the current, providing an accurate representation of the current waveform.

Current Transformers: Current transformers (CTs) are widely used in high-current applications. They consist of a primary winding, connected in series with the current path, and a secondary winding. The primary current induces a proportional current in the secondary winding, which can be measured or monitored. CTs offer galvanic isolation, high accuracy, and are commonly used in power distribution and electrical systems.

Fluxgate Sensors: Fluxgate sensors utilize a ferromagnetic core that exhibits changes in magnetic flux density with the applied current. As the current flows through the core, it drives the core into saturation, causing a change in the magnetic flux. This change is measured and used to determine the current value. Fluxgate sensors offer high accuracy and are used in various precision current measurement applications.

Conclusion: Current sensors are essential components in modern electrical systems, enabling accurate current measurement and control. They come in various types, each with its advantages and applications. Hall effect sensors, shunt resistor sensors, Rogowski coil sensors, current transformers, and fluxgate sensors are among the commonly used current sensing technologies. By understanding their working principles and characteristics, engineers and designers can select the most suitable current sensor for their specific application needs, ensuring reliable and efficient operation of electrical systems

[tarilaran]

There's a few things you might be thinking of:

Railgun. Shoots ferromagnetic flechettes by using magnets to accelerate them to high speeds. Real world examples are typically artillery pieces because magnets are heavy. Most games I can think of off the top of my head treat railguns as long-distance rifles. You might also see it referred to as a Gauss rifle, as in doom (2016).

Laser gun. Shoots lasers. Many series (eg mass effect) use this as just a scifi alternative for normal equipment, but sometimes they're treated as special weapons (ie the Spartan Laser from the halo series)

Temperature gun. Borderlands TPS introduced a series of laser ice weapons. How does it work? No clue. The idea of lasers transferring status effects is common enough in media though.

Plasma gun. Another alternative to lasers. Basically heat up matter until it's plasma and then fling it. (Almost) all the guns in Star Wars use this modus, and most of the covenant weapons in Halo operate likewise. The BFG from doom 2016 is a plasma gun. The game also featured an addon to the plasma rifle called "Heat blast" which might be what you're thinking of.

Wait is thermal rifle not a thing. I feel like I've seen that in so many games. What am I thinking of. It's like a gun that shoots laser beams

[gaxcesensors]

BQ Series Portable Wear Ferromagnetic Concentration Detector GAXCE SENSORS - Environmental, Health and Safety

This product is based on electromagnetic induction. The device is designed with a sensitive electromagnetic coil, and when ferromagnetic particles pass through the coil, the sensor will change its magnetic field. The magnetic field can be altered based on changes to the data and the intelligent match algorithm model.

It is possible to read the relationship between chemical and magnetic particle content directly. A quick and effective judgment can be made on the wear of large industrial equipment using this product, which is highly sensitive to abnormal wear particles in oil. It can be used with hydraulic oil, gear oil, lubrication grease, and other types of industrial oils. Application: steel, petrochemical, shield, electric power, wind power, large equipment, Applicable oil: hydraulic oil, turbine oil, diesel oil, gear oil

To contact Gaxce Sensors, please email info@gaxcesensors.com You can reach us at +91-9673123829.

Kindly visit our website so you will get more product information. https://gaxcesensors.com

[anantradingpvtltd]

Price: [price_with_discount] (as of [price_update_date] - Details) [ad_1] From the brand Our All-Stars Level Up Your iPhone Level Up Your Magsafe Level Up Your Magsafe Level Up Your iPad Compatibility: compatible with iPhone 14/13/12 series, Samsung Galaxy S22 series, and more; see Product Description below for a full list of compatible models; once installed the ring can be removed but not repositioned Easy Installation: intuitive alignment guide makes it a breeze to correctly position the ring on any of the compatible models; iPhone 14/13/12 share the same alignment guide Power in a Snap: provides easy place-and-go wireless charging by automatically aligning your phone with your MagSafe wireless charger and locking it in place Heat Management: specially-designed ferromagnetic ring keeps your phone cool whether you’re using standard or magnetic wireless charging [ad_2]

[thesteelexporter]

Corrosion Detection Methods for Stainless Steel Pipes and Tubes

1. Stainless Steel Magnetic Properties

Most stainless steels (but not all) do not possess the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials, such as carbon steel and many other iron alloys. The majority of stainless steel produced is austenitic (or 300 series) and not ferromagnetic. In the case of non-ferromagnetic materials, corrosion detection methods relying on magnetic interaction with the piping are inapplicable. Material that is non-ferromagnetic, such as austenitic stainless steel, cannot be tested with magnetic particle testing, such as Magnetic Flux Leakage Technique (MFL).

According to experts 1, stainless steel can be detected using the following methods: Acoustic Emission, conventional Eddy Current Testing, and Infrared Thermography. Optical testing, penetrant dye testing, radiographic testing (X-ray), visual inspection, and ultrasonic testing.

2. Detecting Pitting and Cracking

Furthermore, many corrosion detection methods fail to detect pitting and stress corrosion cracking. These are both difficult problems to detect and could lead to catastrophic failures. The collapse of the Silver Bridge was caused by stress corrosion cracking, for example. It is important to use appropriate detection methods when there is a high likelihood of failure or pitting or cracking. According to experts 1, stainless steel cracking and pitting can be detected using penetrant dye testing, acoustic emission testing, ultrasonic testing, and eddy current testing.

3. Insulation Removal

In addition, many corrosion detection methods require direct contact with the metal. It is therefore necessary to remove some insulation if there is any. When insulation pieces are removed, moisture can get underneath, increasing corrosion risk. Insulation plugs that are not properly replaced are a major contributor to energy inefficiency in piping systems.

Therefore, there are few situations in which corrosion under insulation (CUI) can be accurately and thoroughly checked without cutting into the insulation.

Popular Detection Methods

We will briefly review some of the most popular methods for detecting corrosion in stainless steel after identifying unique aspects.

Visual Inspection

Corrosion can be detected by looking at it with your own eyes. Additionally, it may be the most cost-effective approach if you only have a few tubes or pipes. In large systems housing stainless steel tubes and pipes, visual inspection becomes less cost-effective due to the enormous amount of labour required. Additionally, if there is insulation, you cannot visually inspect anything you don’t cut off, making it extremely difficult to detect non-uniform corrosion. In addition, the human eye is notoriously inefficient at detecting stress corrosion cracks, which can appear incredibly small at first. It is almost never recommended to rely solely on visual inspection.

X-Ray

Corrosion can be detected with X-rays (radiography) without removing insulation. X-ray tests are impractical in many environments due to radiation from X-rays. In addition, X-rays cannot detect cracks and pits, but they can detect other kinds of defects very well.

For more information visit 

#steel #metal #thesteelexporter #pipe #tubes #fittings #stainlesssteel #flanges #corrosion