#fctc

[the-inkwell-variable]

Happy STS! What’re your favourite detail(s, feel free to drop multiple) from your WIPs? - @trixierosewrites

I'm so glad you're okay with multiple details because I genuinely do not think I can pick just one!

From FROM MATCHA TO MURDER - My favorite detail from this is that Amara is a scam artist that will absolutely take you for every copper in your purse, but she doesn't because Hendryk asked her nicely not to and she doesn't want to see his sad face.

From FROM CARNIVAL TO CHAMOMILE - Hendryk and Amara pretend to be a wedded couple instead of siblings (because people treat them weirdly when they do stuff as siblings) so they can rent a shop to open the Witch's Brew Tea, Books, and Tarot. Rose, the landlady, IMMEDIATELY figures it out but plays along to see where it goes. It goes nowhere except she gets scammed into lowering the rent by fifty silver a month. Rip Rose.

From PRIESTESS WITHOUT HONOR - a few for this one! - Astaria is unaware that Darian is wholly and completely smitten with her and keeps mistaking his stoic behavior for malice. - Though she is capable of creating magical light, Nastasha prefers candlelight. It's so pretty... - Wolfsbane is toxic to wolves, but it is almost impossible to kill a wolf with it because it has such a strong flavor and smell and it makes wolves throw up. - For some reason (hehe I know the reason but I'm not telling), magic just...doesn't work? Against Astaria. Any spell cast on her just fizzles out. Aspen finds this immensely frustrating.

From UNNAMED PROJECT - Tiatha looks like The Other Mother from Coraline - not the spider bit but just before, when she's all stretched out and eerie. She is also as abrasive as steel wool. Draven loves her anyway and bullies his way into her personal space because he thinks he deserves to be there. He does not.

From THE CORPSE AND THE KILLER - I have several for this one! (BEWARE - this one gets LONG) - Batman gets spooked by an abandoned hospital - Commissioner Gordon gets to tell the mayor to go fuck herself - Babs is addicted to purple Monsters - The Arkham Knight / Jason Todd uses a tiny black-and-white CRT TV to monitor the CCTV cameras in the city instead of, like, a normal computer monitor because "we can't afford the expense" despite being ✧wealthy✧ - Harley Quinn keeps hallucinating her old psychiatrist self who is giving her genuinely good advice constantly and it's driving her up a wall - Kia wears an Arkham Asylum Inmate hoodie despite only having been in inpatient therapy after an accident and refuses to take it off despite it clashing with her bubblegum pink hair - Duncan thinks he's the next Bruce Lee and proves it by dropkicking a TV with his prosthetic legs - Though I never actually mention it in the fic, Anderson has a HUGE crush on Bruce Wayne - As yet unwritten but coming soon - Kia gets to push Jazz off a roof. It is immensely satisfying. - Jacobi is wholly unprepared to be In Charge and it shows. - I have posted 10 chapters. I have written 31. Send help.

TAGGING @theink-stainedfolk and @drchenquill for the From Matcha to Murder bits!

[vapolitique]

Quel scandale force l'OMS à annuler la COP10 antitabac au Panama ?

Recours de l’Association pour la réduction des méfaits du tabagisme (ARDTP) contre la prohibition de la vape accepté par la Cour Suprême, révélation du scandale à 5 millions $ du contrat du Consortium COP 10, et enfin annulation de la COP10 antitabac de l’OMS à une dizaine de jours de l’événement, les autorités panaméennes vivent une mauvaise série, mais elle n’est pas du au hasard. Le…

[worldnotobaccoday]

Pledge to end subsidies on tobacco growing.

You must replace tobacco because it has a huge carbon footprint. It uses a lot of water, it has real environmental problems,” Sonja insists. “If we look at the carbon footprint of the cigarette industry, we see 78% of carbon emissions occur in tobacco growing and curing, not in factories or distribution, but through pesticide use and cutting down and burning forests for fuel.”

However, replacing one monoculture with another, such as growing soybeans for feed in poultry farming, does not solve the most important question for tobacco alternatives: is it sustainable – for the environment, for the economy, for the society or community where it is grown? Is it resilient to the effects of climate change?

“Farmers in rich countries can use their land for solar panels,” Sonja points out, but she says the level of investment needed is too high for a smallholder with only a hectare of arable land. “This is why governments need to support farmers financially to diversify,” she insists, noting also that tobacco farming is labour-intensive, and people cannot innovate if they are tired and sick.

Sonja is adamant that countries which are champions of tobacco control need to support the fight in other countries. As an organization, Unfairtobacco collate articles to showcase different alternative projects underway around the globe. Their map is intended as a collection of ideas and options, rather than as a research database, she says. “I would like to see governments investing in ideas, saying ‘Okay, let’s see if this works’ and, if so, making an idea accessible to other countries where tobacco farmers need it most for their livelihood.”

“We try to get the message across here in Germany that the things we use in our lives have a footprint elsewhere in the world, and that we need to change our way of living to support a change in other countries.”

[bucktommypositivityproject]

Fundraiser Launched

Hello Bucktommy fans! I know there was very recently a fundraiser done over the holiday season. Times are tough, and I understand if it seems too soon to have yet another fundraiser. However, I felt it important to give an easy way to donate to the California Fire Foundation. This is a fundraiser through GoFundMe. Funds will go directly to the foundation.

I set the goal at $1180.

*bucktommypositivityproject is a fan project and is in no way affiliated with 9-1-1 or ABC.*

Link here

Information about the California Fire Foundation is under the cut:

Taken from their website:

The California Fire Foundation, a non-profit 501 (c)(3) organization, provides emotional and financial assistance to families of fallen firefighters, firefighters and the communities they protect. Formed in 1987 by California Professional Firefighters, the California Fire Foundation’s mandate includes an array of survivor assistance projects and community initiatives:

California Firefighters Memorial: The Foundation designed, built and maintains this unique memorial to fallen firefighters at the State Capitol in Sacramento. Every year, the Foundation holds a special, annual ceremony to commemorate the bravery of those who lost their lives in the line of duty.

Firefighters and Their Families: The Foundation supplies emergency support to departments and families of firefighters killed or injured in the line of duty through the California Firefighters Benevolent Fund and provides educational assistance to the children of fallen firefighters through the California Firefighters Endowment and Daniel A. Terry Scholarship program. The Foundation also provides grants to individuals who demonstrate financial hardship to take the FCTC Candidate Physical Ability Test or written exam, which are the recognized standards for physical and educational testing and recruitment within the fire service.

Victim Assistance: The Foundation’s Supplying Aid to Victims of Emergency (SAVE) program brings immediate, short-term relief to survivors of fire or other natural disaster throughout California. Working together with the California Fire Foundation, firefighters throughout California distribute gift cards in the amount of $250 to eligible survivors of fire or other natural disaster, so they may purchase basic necessities such as medicine, food or clothing.

Community Improvement: The Foundation supplies public safety resources, and conducts outreach and education about fire safety issues through its Firefighters On Your Side program. Additionally, the Foundation contributes to other organizations that aim to enhance and improve the communities of California.

[savage-kult-of-gorthaur]

"SUPER BUG-HUNT... THIS SUMMER'S MOST OFF-BEAT INTER-COMPANY CROSSOVER."

PIC(S) INFO: Spotlight on a gallery of bits and bobs from the edition of "Previews" magazine Vol. 5 #3, March 1995, where the first issue of "Superman/Aliens" was solicited.

OVERVIEW: "Have you ever wondered who would win in a fight between the Man of Steel and a Xenomorph?  Well this is the three issue prestige format series for you. Written by Dan Jurgens with art by Jurgens and Kevin Nowlan, this series kicks off when a distress buoy covered in Kryptonian writing crashes to Earth and Lexcorp calls in Clark Kent and Lois Lane to cover the story.

The Kryptonian writing has Clark’s interest so he travels to where the buoy came from on a Lexcorp space craft and discovers what he believes to be a lost Kryptonian city that somehow survived the planet’s destruction. He meets a young woman named Kara but also comes across the Xenomorphs from the Aliens franchise and because he is far from a yellow sun his powers are waning.

Add to that problem are the four survivors Superman sent back to Earth who, unbeknownst to the Man of Steel, are carrying chest bursters. Superman and Kara must survive the Aliens attacking them, so he can get back to Earth to save it from the destructive creatures he inadvertently sent there."

-- THE FORTRESS OF BAILEYTUDE, FCTC ["From Crisis to Crisis] EPISODE 215: "SUPERMAN VS. ALIENS"

Source: www.fortressofbaileytude.com/fctc-episode-215-superman-vs-aliens.

[gauravmohindrachicago]

Global Health Governance

International health law is a complex and evolving field that encompasses the legal frameworks, policies, and treaties aimed at promoting and protecting global public health. It addresses issues such as disease prevention, health emergencies, access to healthcare, and the regulation of pharmaceuticals and medical devices. This article provides an overview of the foundations, key principles, institutions, notable agreements, challenges, and future directions in international health law says, Gaurav Mohindra.

 

Foundations of International Health Law

International health law has its roots in the recognition that health issues often transcend national borders and require coordinated global responses. The establishment of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1948 marked a significant milestone in the development of this field, providing a platform for international cooperation on health matters.

The primary sources of international health law include:

International Treaties and Agreements: Treaties such as the International Health Regulations (IHR) and various conventions on tobacco control, pharmaceuticals, and infectious diseases form the backbone of international health law.

2. Customary International Law: Established practices accepted as law, including the principles of non-discrimination and the right to health, contribute to the legal landscape.

3. Judicial Decisions: Rulings by international courts and tribunals, such as the International Court of Justice (ICJ), play a role in interpreting and enforcing health-related laws.

Key Principles of International Health Law

Several core principles underpin international health law:

Right to Health: Recognized as a fundamental human right, the right to health includes access to timely, acceptable, and affordable healthcare of appropriate quality.

2. Equity and Non-Discrimination: Ensuring that all individuals have equal access to healthcare services without discrimination based on race, gender, socioeconomic status, or other factors.

3. International Cooperation: Emphasizing the need for countries to work together to address global health challenges, share information, and support capacity-building in low- and middle-income countries.

4. Public Health Security: Focusing on the prevention and control of health threats, including infectious diseases, environmental hazards, and bioterrorism.

Institutions of International Health Law

Several international institutions play crucial roles in the formulation, implementation, and enforcement of international health law:

World Health Organization (WHO):  As the leading global health authority, the WHO is responsible for setting international health standards, coordinating responses to health emergencies, and providing technical assistance to countries.

2. World Health Assembly (WHA): The decision-making body of the WHO, comprising representatives from all member states, the WHA adopts international health policies and strategies.

3. United Nations (UN): Various UN agencies, such as UNICEF and UNAIDS, contribute to international health efforts by addressing specific health issues like child health and HIV/AIDS.

4. International Labour Organization (ILO): Focuses on occupational health and safety, ensuring that workers have safe and healthy working conditions.

5. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs): Organizations like Doctors Without Borders (MSF) and the Red Cross play significant roles in providing healthcare services and advocating for health rights globally.

Notable Agreements and Frameworks

Several key agreements and frameworks shape international health law:

International Health Regulations (IHR):  Legally binding regulations that provide a global framework for preventing and responding to public health emergencies, including infectious disease outbreaks.

2. Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC):  The first international treaty negotiated under the auspices of the WHO, aimed at reducing tobacco consumption and its health impacts.

3. Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health:  Affirms the right of WTO member states to protect public health and promote access to medicines for all.

4. Global Strategy and Plan of Action on Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property:  Aims to promote innovation and access to essential medicines in developing countries.

Challenges and Criticisms

International health law faces several significant challenges and criticisms:

Inequities in Health Access: Disparities in access to healthcare services and essential medicines persist, particularly between high-income and low-income countries.

2. Global Health Security: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in global health security and the need for more robust mechanisms to respond to health emergencies.

3. Intellectual Property Rights: Balancing intellectual property rights with the need to ensure access to affordable medicines remains a contentious issue.

4. Climate Change and Health: Addressing the health impacts of climate change, such as increased frequency of infectious diseases and environmental health hazards, requires coordinated international action.

Future Prospects

The future of international health law depends on addressing its current challenges and adapting to emerging global health threats. Key areas for future development include:

Strengthening Global Health Governance: Enhancing the effectiveness and accountability of international health institutions and improving coordination among them.

2. Improving Equity in Health Access: Implementing policies and strategies to reduce health disparities and ensure that all individuals have access to essential health services.

3. Enhancing Preparedness and Response: Developing more robust systems for detecting, preventing, and responding to health emergencies, including pandemics and bioterrorism threats.

4. Integrating Health and Climate Policies: Addressing the health impacts of climate change through integrated policies and international cooperation.

Gaurav Mohindra: International health law is a vital field that seeks to address global health challenges through legal frameworks, international cooperation, and the promotion of fundamental health rights. While it faces significant challenges, ongoing efforts to strengthen international health governance, improve equity in health access, and enhance preparedness for health emergencies hold promise for a healthier and more equitable world. As global health issues continue to evolve, international health law will remain essential in safeguarding public health and promoting global well-being.

Originally Posted: https://gauravmohindrachicago.com/global-health-governance/

[vapehk1]

In the face of disinformation campaigns by groups like Vape-Free Kids NZ, which claim insufficient evidence for the benefits of nicotine products, Sweden stands as a compelling counter-example. The country's success in reducing smoking rates to just 5.6% demonstrates the effectiveness of harm reduction strategies employing oral nicotine products like snus. By allowing adult smokers access to safer alternatives such as snus, Sweden has achieved a smoking rate at around 5%, demonstrating the effectiveness of harm reduction over abstinence-only approaches. This is despite claims from groups like Vape-Free Kids NZ that there is "not enough evidence" for nicotine products, Sweden's experience provides clear evidence of their benefits. "Continuing to oppose these products while cigarettes remain widely available is counterproductive and harmful," Loucas emphasised. Likewise, the WHO’s Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC), has faced mounting scrutiny for its approach to harm reduction strategies and lack of diverse stakeholder engagement. This criticism echoes concerns raised in a comprehensive analysis by the International Centre for Law & Economics (ICLE), which highlights significant shortcomings in the FCTC's implementation and effectiveness. “Despite growing evidence supporting tobacco harm reduction strategies, the FCTC has maintained a rigid stance against novel nicotine products that could potentially save millions of lives,” said Ms Loucas, who added “the FCTC's decision-making processes have been criticised for excluding  not only peer reviewed science, but also key stakeholders, including public health experts, harm reduction advocates, and even member states' own delegates.” The latest example is FCTC head Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus congratulating Vietnam, a country with not only a smoking rate of 22%, a smoking related death rate of 23.8%, but also a 100% state-owned tobacco company, Vietnam National Tobacco Corporation, on making “the bold decision to ban to ban import, production, trade and use of e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products to protect your citizens, especially the young ones…” CAPHRA criticises the political focus of advocacy groups that prioritise ideology over public health.  "It's time to move beyond politics and focus on saving lives through proven strategies to eliminate combustible and unsafe oral tobacco use."   CONTACT: Nancy Loucas, Executive Coordinator CAPHRA (Coalition of Asia Pacific Tobacco Harm Reduction Advocates) Mobile: +64272348643 Email: Nancy@caphraorg.net Web: https://caphraorg.net/ Read the full article

[hamzaaslam]

Civil Society Organizations Challenge Misleading Tobacco Harm Reduction Narrative, Urge Stronger Tobacco Control Measures in KP

PESHAWAR: In response to recent discussions promoting tobacco harm reduction (THR) strategies in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the Provincial Alliance for Sustainable Tobacco and Nicotine Control (PASTC) strongly urge the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to strictly implement Article 5.3 of the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) which is essential to safeguard…

[hardynwa]

WHO move for ban on e-cigarette

The World Health Organisation, WHO, has urged member nations of its global tobacco treaty to ban or regulate the use of e-cigarettes and other novel and emerging products of the tobacco industry, in the interest of public health. The call was made on Tuesday during a virtual media briefing by the Network for Accountability of Tobacco Transnationals on the global tobacco treaty. The National Institutes of Health noted that e-cigarettes were battery-powered devices that people use to heat liquid into a vapour that can be inhaled, saying that the WHO’s global tobacco treaty is an evidence-based treaty that reaffirms all people’s right to the highest standard of health. Organised ahead of the 10th Conference of Parties to the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in Panama, the Treaty Officer, Legal Affairs, at WHO FCTC, Sabina Jacazzi, explained that the tobacco industry’s novel and emerging products fall under the category of tobacco products. She said that the COP has adopted decisions on novel and emerging tobacco products, including heated tobacco products, and Electronic Nicotine and Non-nicotine delivery systems, saying that it had clarified that HTPs were tobacco products and were subject to the WHO FCTC. “In relation to the latest scientific evidence and policy recommendations on these products, I very much encourage checking the reports (by WHO and the Convention Secretariat) that will be considered at COP10, available online,” she explained. The event also featured experts from around the world, including Akinbode Oluwafemi, Executive Director, Corporate Accountability and Public Participation Africa. In his speech, Akinbode Oluwafemi, Executive Director, Corporate Accountability and Public Participation Africa, said that the latest data showed a global decline in smoking, but revealed that the tobacco industry was adopting new tactics to deceive government officials and ensnare the public. Read the full article

[thxnews]

Global Tobacco Use Declines, Industry Efforts Thwarted

Triumph Over Tobacco: Global Use Declines Despite Industry Efforts

In a significant public health victory, global tobacco use is on the decline, according to the latest World Health Organization (WHO) report, despite ongoing efforts by the tobacco industry to undermine this progress.  

The Current Landscape of Tobacco Use

A Worldwide Decrease The WHO tobacco trends report reveals a notable decline in tobacco use rates globally. In 2022, about 1 in 5 adults worldwide were consuming tobacco, a significant reduction from 1 in 3 in 2000. This trend indicates a positive shift in global health behaviors and attitudes towards tobacco.   Success Stories The report highlights the success of 150 countries in reducing tobacco use. Notable examples include Brazil and the Netherlands, where the implementation of MPOWER tobacco control measures has led to substantial reductions in tobacco use. Brazil achieved a 35% relative reduction since 2010, while the Netherlands is nearing a 30% target.  

The Role of the Tobacco Industry

Persistent Interference Dr. Ruediger Krech, Director of WHO's Department of Health Promotion, expresses concern over the tobacco industry's tactics. Despite the progress, the industry continues to find ways to manipulate health policies and market its products, underlining the need for constant vigilance and robust tobacco control measures.   WHO's Call to Action WHO urges countries to continue implementing and enforcing tobacco control policies, emphasizing the importance of combating tobacco industry interference. This global effort is crucial to sustain and accelerate the decline in tobacco use.  

Regional Differences and Challenges

High Prevalence in Certain Regions The WHO South-East Asian Region currently has the highest percentage of tobacco users at 26.5%, closely followed by the European Region at 25.3%. The European Region is projected to have the highest rates globally by 2030, with a prevalence of just over 23%. The report also sheds light on gender disparities in tobacco use. In WHO’s European region, tobacco use rates among women are more than double the global average and are reducing much slower than in other regions.  

The Road Ahead

Missing the Global Goal While the numbers have steadily decreased, the world is set to miss the voluntary global goal of a 30% reduction in tobacco use by 2025, based on the 2010 baseline. Only 56 countries will achieve this target, down from the last report. WHO calls for accelerated efforts in tobacco control, highlighting that there is still significant work to be done. The "Global Tobacco Industry Interference Index 2023" indicates a deterioration in efforts to protect health policy from tobacco industry interference.   Protecting Future Generations Country surveys reveal that children aged 13–15 years in most countries are using tobacco and nicotine products. To counter this, WHO dedicates this year’s World No Tobacco Day to protecting children from tobacco industry interference.  

Upcoming WHO Framework Convention

The 10th Session of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) Conference of Parties, set to take place in Panama, will focus on combating tobacco industry attempts to influence global health policies. Strengthening the WHO FCTC is vital for global health and aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals.   Sources: THX News & World Health Organization. Read the full article

[the-inkwell-variable]

Rose Fenwick

"If you don't stop making a dragon's horde out of a copper piece, I'll give you something to really cry about!"

174 - - - she/her - - - half-elf

Fishing has been the lifeblood of Rose's family since they first arrived from Abieni a thousand years ago. It stood to reason that she would follow her father's footsteps, being the eldest and all. Even when she married Minto Fenwick a century ago, she refused to hang up her nets and told him that if he married her, he married the sea and all the problems that came with it.

He married her anyway, though he did not join her in the water. Instead, he opened a little shop and sold fish on the cliff side to the locals, something that, surprisingly, no one had thought of. They'd simply believed that if they wanted fish, they'd have to catch it themselves. Minto solved a problem they didn't even know they'd had, and his pockets overflowed for it .

They had three children together who all moved to Verthurst to seek their fortunes. They visit when they can of course, but they're all quite busy with their own careers and families in the big city.

Minto passed away three years ago, a tragic victim to an illness spread by birds. Rose couldn't bring herself to sell the shop, but the sheriff convinced her to rent it out instead. She may regret that choice as the only people interested seem to be a pair of half-drow twins...

Rose is very down-to-earth and serious, though she'll grant you a laugh if you amuse her. She never let her vast wealth get to her head and is always happy to help you out of a pickle. She seems to have adopted Hendryk and Amara as her own children and treats them as such, not that they know how to handle it. She may not be on the town council, but she has a lot of sway and knows how and when to use it.

[vapolitique]

Avant son Sommet anti-tabac COP8: l'OMS fière d'avoir poussé 30 pays à interdire le vapotage

Le secrétariat anti-tabac (FCTC) de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS) prépare son grand sommet de Genève du 1er au 6 octobre. L’oligarque Michael Bloomberg a déjà fait passer ses mots d’ordre au bureau anti-tabac de l’OMS lors du sommet au Cap qu’il a organisé en mars. On trouve donc au menu de cette huitième convention des parties (COP8), la guerre au vapotage. Le secrétariat dirigé par…

[worldnotobaccoday]

Expose industry efforts to obstruct sustainable livelihoods work.

Tobacco farmers are not the enemy, but the weakest actor in the tobacco trade system, and they need support from governments and rich countries to step away from growing tobacco, Sonja continues. “The problem is that countries need to export things and tobacco generates a lot of revenue. Farmers would need to change to something which can be exported. And that is a difficult thing.”

There have been steps towards this and projects which are working well, Sonja points out, but there are many obstacles. One of them is the need for poor countries to receive export revenues to pay off national debt, and another is the interference of the tobacco industry. Then, there is the issue of sustainability.

“Tobacco can’t be eaten in an emergency. It’s not sustainable for the community where it is grown,” Sonja emphasizes. “If you grow organic foods, which are sold locally, then this could be sustainable, if people can buy the food, or if it can be sold to a school feeding programme for example, but it will not be economically sustainable for a whole country.”

In response to these challenges, and together with international partners, Unfairtobacco initiated the Cape Town Declaration on Human Rights and a Tobacco-free World, to which more than 150 organizations have signed up. Unfairtobacco also lend support to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), in which governments are asked to support alternatives to tobacco farming.

[legalupanishad]

Laws governing E-Cigarettes in India: Is it Legal?

This article on 'Laws governing E-Cigarettes in India' was written by Ishika Agarwal, an intern at Legal Upanishad.

Introduction

The consumption of electronic cigarettes has increased a lot in the past few years. These cigarettes come in two different types: an electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) and an electronic non-nicotine delivery system (ENNDS). These systems (ENDS) produce a liquid with the help of a heating element, which is then vaporised and, in turn, inhaled by the users in the form of an aerosol consisting of varying amounts of nicotine, flavouring agents, propylene glycol, and other additives and toxic substances. ENNDS are almost similar to ENDS, with a slight difference in that the e-liquids present in these systems are marketed as nicotine-free; however, in practice, the products, claiming to be nicotine-free, are found to contain nicotine. ENDS are the subject of a public health debate among tobacco control advocates that has created more conflict as their use has increased in recent years. This article relates to the laws that govern the use of e-cigarettes in India.

WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2021

The World Health Organisation (WHO) keeps a constant check on the usage of e-cigarettes by regularly monitoring and reviewing the evidence on ENDS and health and providing guidance to governments. The WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC) is an international agreement aiming to reduce the consumption of tobacco products, reduce tobacco advertising, reduce exposure to second-hand smoking, and regulate tobacco packaging. WHO, in its report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, published in 2021, stated that as of 2020, there were only two countries in the WHO European Regions that banned ENDS/ENNDS. Turkey has banned the import of ENDS (except for personal consumption), and Turkmenistan bans the sale of ENDS and ENNDS. Most European countries still permit the trade of ENDS and ENNDS. They have, however, implemented one or more measures to regulate them, either in full or in part. They consist of the following: - a prohibition on using e-cigarettes in public indoor places; - a prohibition on advertising, marketing, and sponsorship; and - The use of graphic health warnings on packaging; taxing; sales age limitations; flavouring prohibitions or restrictions

Contact Us and avail the best assignment help for students available online!

Regulation of E-cigarettes in India

Earlier in India, there was neither any research or studies conducted nor any regulatory framework enacted to check on the usage of e-cigarettes. In May 2019, the India Council for Medical Research suggested an absolute ban on e-cigarettes, stating that such devices become a means of smoking and have the ability to make a nonsmoker addicted to nicotine. The first Indian state to impose a complete ban on vaping was Punjab in 2014. Since then, 12 other states have also imposed a ban on vaping products. On May 31, 2019, Maharashtra and Rajasthan also enacted a ban on vaping products. Because of the absence of clear rules, regulations, and guidelines, different states took different approaches to implementing such bans. They did so with the help of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act, or the Poisons Act. The health ministry issued an advisory in August 2018 asking all states and union territories to entirely ban ENDS and any similar nicotine delivery products in their jurisdiction. Following this advice, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MEITY) suggested a change to the Information (Intermediary Guidelines) Rules, 2018 to prohibit the advertisement of e-cigarettes. The Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs noted in its circular that the drug controller would be the sole person who would clear e-cigarette import consignments. At the time India outlawed e-cigarettes in 2019, there were 106 million adult smokers. In order to protect people from harm and any issues related to or incidental to it, the government enacted the Prohibition of Electronic Cigarettes (Production, Manufacture, Import, Export, Transport, Sale, Distribution, Storage, and Advertisement) Act, 2019 to outlaw the production, manufacture, import, export, transport, sale, distribution, storage, and advertisement of electronic cigarettes. Section 4(i) of the Act prohibits a person from producing, manufacturing, importing, exporting, transporting, selling, and distributing electronic cigarettes, either directly or indirectly, whether as a finished product or as a semi-finished product. The second clause of this section prohibits the advertisement of e-cigarettes, either directly or indirectly, so as to promote their use. Section 5 of the Act prohibits the storage of electronic cigarettes. Section 6(1) of the Act gives the authorised officer the authority to go into and look into any area where e-cigarette business is in operation, or where such items are produced, supplied, distributed, stored, or transported, or where any advertisement is carried on. As per Section 6(2), the authorised officer can seize any record or property that may be used for any purposes mentioned in sub-section 1, and if he believes this to be true, he may capture any person under his charge and present him before the Court of Judicial Magistrate. As per Section 6(4) of the Act, all searches, seizures, and attachments shall be made according to the provisions of CrPC, 1973. According to Section 7 of the Act, violators of Section 4 are subject to a term of imprisonment not exceeding one year, a fine not exceeding one lakh rupees, or both; for a subsequent offence, the sentence may be up to three years in prison and a penalty up to 500000 rupees. According to Section 8 of the Act, violators of Section 5 are subject to a period of imprisonment that may not exceed six months, a penalty that may not exceed 50,000 rupees, or both. The jurisdiction and trial of crimes are outlined in Section 9 of the Act. Any person who violates Sections 4 or 5 will be tried for the offence in any court where he is eligible to be tried under any law currently in effect, according to Subsection 1 of this Section. All offences against this act are to be tried by the Court of Judicial Magistrate of the First Class according to the trial method outlined in CrPC, 1973, according to subsection 2 of this section. According to Section 10, e-cigarette stocks must be eliminated according to the rules in Chapter XXXIV of the CrPC if it is demonstrated that the stocks confiscated by the authorised officer under this act are stocks of e-cigarettes. A crime under Section 4 shall be cognizable in accordance with Section 13, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the CrPC, 1973. No litigation, prosecution, or other legal action shall be brought against the Union Government, any State Government, or any officer of the Union Government or any State Government for anything done or expected to be done under this Act in good faith, according to Section 16.

Regulation of E-cigarettes around the Globe

Recently, Australia has become the 47th country to impose a ban on the sale of vapes after India, Singapore, Thailand, Japan, Argentina, and other countries that had imposed a ban earlier. At present, there are a total of 30 countries around the world where ENDS are banned, while there are some countries in which they are regulated in the form of consumer products, pharmaceutical products, or other categories.

Conclusion

The analysis of the Prohibition of Electronic Cigarettes (Production, Manufacture, Import, Export, Transport, Sale, Distribution, Storage, and Advertisement) Act, 2019 shows that the Indian Government has enacted a strict law in order to monitor and regulate e-cigarettes. However, it has been seen that buyers, especially youngsters, are still buying and consuming e-cigarettes via different websites, tobacco vendors, and general stores. Even in many cafes and clubs, hookahs are provided. A study shows that despite having a ban on e-cigarettes to protect the young generation from the harmful effects of vaping, e-cigarettes still remain one of the major challenges in India.

References

- The Prohibition of Electronic Cigarettes (Production, Manufacture, Import, Export, Transport, Sale, Distribution, Storage and Advertisement) Act, 2019 - Neetu Chandra Sharma, 'Back Back 12 states ban e-cigarettes, health ministry urges all to follow', LiveMint, 13 March 2019, available at: https://www.livemint.com/news/india/12-states-ban-e-cigarettes-health-ministry-urges-all-to-follow-1552447122172.html - 'Global Tobacco Epidemic', Clear IAS, 13 September 2023, available at: https://www.clearias.com/global-tobacco-epidemic/#:~:text=ProhibitionofElectronicCigarettesAct,publichealthespeciallyamongyouth. Read the full article

[savage-kult-of-gorthaur]

ALIEN VERSUS ALIEN -- BURSTING OUT FROM INSIDE THE MAN OF STEEL'S RIBCAGE IN MAY.

PIC INFO: Spotlight on a house ad for "Superman/Aliens" crossover limited series, jointly published by DC and Dark Horse Comics from July to September 1995. The advert was featured in "Previews" catalog/magazine Vol. 5 $3. March, 1995.

Story and layout art by Dan Jurgens, with finished art by Kevin Nowlan.

Source: www.fortressofbaileytude.com/fctc-episode-215-superman-vs-aliens/07-previews-superman-alien-house-ad.

[epitome-the-burnkid-viii]

#alternative #media #broadcasting #youtuberecommendedchronicles #lightworker #starseed #currentaffairs #youtube #esoteric #knowledge #space #cosmos #ascension #enlightenment #5dearth #crystalline #energy #spirituality #humanity #solarflare #solarflash #solarstorm #Rapture #lightwarrior #Apocalypse #endtimes #NewAge #ageofaquarius #philosophy #history #music #arts #anthropology🔮