#fctc

[the-inkwell-variable]

Happy STS! What’re your favourite detail(s, feel free to drop multiple) from your WIPs? - @trixierosewrites

I'm so glad you're okay with multiple details because I genuinely do not think I can pick just one!

From FROM MATCHA TO MURDER - My favorite detail from this is that Amara is a scam artist that will absolutely take you for every copper in your purse, but she doesn't because Hendryk asked her nicely not to and she doesn't want to see his sad face.

From FROM CARNIVAL TO CHAMOMILE - Hendryk and Amara pretend to be a wedded couple instead of siblings (because people treat them weirdly when they do stuff as siblings) so they can rent a shop to open the Witch's Brew Tea, Books, and Tarot. Rose, the landlady, IMMEDIATELY figures it out but plays along to see where it goes. It goes nowhere except she gets scammed into lowering the rent by fifty silver a month. Rip Rose.

From PRIESTESS WITHOUT HONOR - a few for this one! - Astaria is unaware that Darian is wholly and completely smitten with her and keeps mistaking his stoic behavior for malice. - Though she is capable of creating magical light, Nastasha prefers candlelight. It's so pretty... - Wolfsbane is toxic to wolves, but it is almost impossible to kill a wolf with it because it has such a strong flavor and smell and it makes wolves throw up. - For some reason (hehe I know the reason but I'm not telling), magic just...doesn't work? Against Astaria. Any spell cast on her just fizzles out. Aspen finds this immensely frustrating.

From UNNAMED PROJECT - Tiatha looks like The Other Mother from Coraline - not the spider bit but just before, when she's all stretched out and eerie. She is also as abrasive as steel wool. Draven loves her anyway and bullies his way into her personal space because he thinks he deserves to be there. He does not.

From THE CORPSE AND THE KILLER - I have several for this one! (BEWARE - this one gets LONG) - Batman gets spooked by an abandoned hospital - Commissioner Gordon gets to tell the mayor to go fuck herself - Babs is addicted to purple Monsters - The Arkham Knight / Jason Todd uses a tiny black-and-white CRT TV to monitor the CCTV cameras in the city instead of, like, a normal computer monitor because "we can't afford the expense" despite being ✧wealthy✧ - Harley Quinn keeps hallucinating her old psychiatrist self who is giving her genuinely good advice constantly and it's driving her up a wall - Kia wears an Arkham Asylum Inmate hoodie despite only having been in inpatient therapy after an accident and refuses to take it off despite it clashing with her bubblegum pink hair - Duncan thinks he's the next Bruce Lee and proves it by dropkicking a TV with his prosthetic legs - Though I never actually mention it in the fic, Anderson has a HUGE crush on Bruce Wayne - As yet unwritten but coming soon - Kia gets to push Jazz off a roof. It is immensely satisfying. - Jacobi is wholly unprepared to be In Charge and it shows. - I have posted 10 chapters. I have written 31. Send help.

TAGGING @theink-stainedfolk and @drchenquill for the From Matcha to Murder bits!

[vapolitique]

Quel scandale force l'OMS à annuler la COP10 antitabac au Panama ?

Recours de l’Association pour la réduction des méfaits du tabagisme (ARDTP) contre la prohibition de la vape accepté par la Cour Suprême, révélation du scandale à 5 millions $ du contrat du Consortium COP 10, et enfin annulation de la COP10 antitabac de l’OMS à une dizaine de jours de l’événement, les autorités panaméennes vivent une mauvaise série, mais elle n’est pas du au hasard. Le…

[worldnotobaccoday]

Pledge to end subsidies on tobacco growing.

You must replace tobacco because it has a huge carbon footprint. It uses a lot of water, it has real environmental problems,” Sonja insists. “If we look at the carbon footprint of the cigarette industry, we see 78% of carbon emissions occur in tobacco growing and curing, not in factories or distribution, but through pesticide use and cutting down and burning forests for fuel.”

However, replacing one monoculture with another, such as growing soybeans for feed in poultry farming, does not solve the most important question for tobacco alternatives: is it sustainable – for the environment, for the economy, for the society or community where it is grown? Is it resilient to the effects of climate change?

“Farmers in rich countries can use their land for solar panels,” Sonja points out, but she says the level of investment needed is too high for a smallholder with only a hectare of arable land. “This is why governments need to support farmers financially to diversify,” she insists, noting also that tobacco farming is labour-intensive, and people cannot innovate if they are tired and sick.

Sonja is adamant that countries which are champions of tobacco control need to support the fight in other countries. As an organization, Unfairtobacco collate articles to showcase different alternative projects underway around the globe. Their map is intended as a collection of ideas and options, rather than as a research database, she says. “I would like to see governments investing in ideas, saying ‘Okay, let’s see if this works’ and, if so, making an idea accessible to other countries where tobacco farmers need it most for their livelihood.”

“We try to get the message across here in Germany that the things we use in our lives have a footprint elsewhere in the world, and that we need to change our way of living to support a change in other countries.”

[savage-kult-of-gorthaur]

"SUPER BUG-HUNT... THIS SUMMER'S MOST OFF-BEAT INTER-COMPANY CROSSOVER."

PIC(S) INFO: Spotlight on a gallery of bits and bobs from the edition of "Previews" magazine Vol. 5 #3, March 1995, where the first issue of "Superman/Aliens" was solicited.

OVERVIEW: "Have you ever wondered who would win in a fight between the Man of Steel and a Xenomorph?  Well this is the three issue prestige format series for you. Written by Dan Jurgens with art by Jurgens and Kevin Nowlan, this series kicks off when a distress buoy covered in Kryptonian writing crashes to Earth and Lexcorp calls in Clark Kent and Lois Lane to cover the story.

The Kryptonian writing has Clark’s interest so he travels to where the buoy came from on a Lexcorp space craft and discovers what he believes to be a lost Kryptonian city that somehow survived the planet’s destruction. He meets a young woman named Kara but also comes across the Xenomorphs from the Aliens franchise and because he is far from a yellow sun his powers are waning.

Add to that problem are the four survivors Superman sent back to Earth who, unbeknownst to the Man of Steel, are carrying chest bursters. Superman and Kara must survive the Aliens attacking them, so he can get back to Earth to save it from the destructive creatures he inadvertently sent there."

-- THE FORTRESS OF BAILEYTUDE, FCTC ["From Crisis to Crisis] EPISODE 215: "SUPERMAN VS. ALIENS"

Source: www.fortressofbaileytude.com/fctc-episode-215-superman-vs-aliens.

[health-views-updates]

Data-Driven Decisions: Leveraging Market Research for Nicotine Replacement Therapy Success

The global Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) Market revenue is poised for significant growth, driven by an increasing focus on health-conscious behavior and a strong commitment from governments and organizations worldwide to reduce smoking rates. With the rising awareness about the harmful effects of smoking and growing support for smoking cessation programs, the NRT market is expected to experience substantial expansion in the coming years. According to a recent report by SNS Insider, advancements in product innovation and regulatory support are anticipated to drive market momentum, opening new avenues for market players and healthcare providers alike.

Nicotine replacement therapy products—including gums, patches, lozenges, nasal sprays, and inhalers—are widely regarded as effective methods to help individuals quit smoking. These products are designed to reduce withdrawal symptoms by gradually reducing nicotine dependence, allowing users to transition to a smoke-free lifestyle. The increasing availability of these products in a variety of forms has made them accessible to a broader audience, catering to different user preferences and needs. This expanded accessibility is a key factor contributing to the projected growth in the global NRT market.

The rising awareness around the dangers of smoking, coupled with global initiatives such as the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), has bolstered the demand for NRT products. Additionally, governments worldwide are rolling out policies and programs to incentivize smoking cessation, including subsidies and insurance coverage for NRT products. This robust backing from policymakers is projected to further drive market revenue and enable individuals to seek healthier, tobacco-free alternatives with greater ease.

Get Free Sample Report@ https://www.snsinsider.com/sample-request/3062

As more healthcare providers, pharmacies, and retail stores expand their offerings to include NRT products, consumers are gaining better access to these essential aids in their fight against smoking addiction. Additionally, increased adoption of NRT by patients in conjunction with counseling and behavioral support programs has shown to significantly increase the success rates of smoking cessation. This synergistic approach, where NRT products are combined with healthcare professional support, is helping more individuals quit smoking permanently.

Market growth is also being influenced by the introduction of innovative products, including smart devices and digital platforms that support users’ cessation journeys by tracking progress, setting goals, and offering personalized support. Such advancements not only enhance user experience but also provide companies with valuable insights to optimize product efficacy and consumer satisfaction. In tandem with product innovation, the market is seeing greater emphasis on user-friendly packaging and delivery methods, helping to reduce stigmas and make quitting more appealing to smokers.

About Us: SNS Insider is one of the leading market research and consulting agencies that dominates the market research industry globally. Our company's aim is to give clients the knowledge they require in order to function in changing circumstances. In order to give you current, accurate market data, consumer insights, and opinions so that you can make decisions with confidence, we employ a variety of techniques, including surveys, video talks, and focus groups around the world.

Contact Us: Akash Anand – Head of Business Development & Strategy info@snsinsider.com Phone: +1-415-230-0044 (US) | +91-7798602273 (IND)

[hamzaaslam]

Civil Society Organizations Challenge Misleading Tobacco Harm Reduction Narrative, Urge Stronger Tobacco Control Measures in KP

PESHAWAR: In response to recent discussions promoting tobacco harm reduction (THR) strategies in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the Provincial Alliance for Sustainable Tobacco and Nicotine Control (PASTC) strongly urge the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to strictly implement Article 5.3 of the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) which is essential to safeguard…

[vapehk1]

UN'S SMOKE SCREEN: CAPHRA EXPOSES FLAWED HARM REDUCTION REPORT 

The Coalition of Asia Pacific Tobacco Harm Reduction Advocates (CAPHRA) strongly criticises the recent report by the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to health, calling it a dangerous setback in the global fight against smoking-related deaths. CAPHRA, an alliance of tobacco harm reduction advocates across the Asia Pacific region, argues that the report's stance on vaping and other reduced-risk nicotine products is not only misguided but potentially lethal for millions of people who smoke seeking safer alternatives. "This report blatantly ignores the mounting scientific evidence supporting vaping as a less harmful alternative to smoking, as well as addressing the demonisation of people who use these products by tobacco control groups, up to and including the WHO FCTC," said Nancy Loucas, Executive Coordinator of CAPHRA. "By demonizing these products, and not addressing and supporting the right to health of the end users of these products, the UN is effectively condemning countless smokers to continued exposure to the deadly toxins in cigarette smoke." The organisation points out several key issues with the report: - Disregard for Harm Reduction: The report fails to acknowledge the significant role of tobacco harm reduction strategies in public health. - Disregard for the end users of Safer Nicotine Products; instead, choosing not to address replicable science and evidence, nor the right to health for billions of people who smoke in LMICs. - Misrepresentation of Evidence: It cherry-picks data while ignoring comprehensive studies supporting the efficacy of vaping in smoking cessation. - Violation of Human Rights: By advocating for restrictions on safer nicotine products, the report infringes on the right to choose less harmful alternatives for adults who smoke. CAPHRA emphasises that its position is based on pragmatic, risk-proportionate regulations based on replicable science and evidence that protects public health while ensuring the availability of reduced-harm products for adult smokers. "We call on the UN and WHO to engage in meaningful dialogue with consumer groups and harm reduction advocates," Loucas added. "Excluding our voices from critical discussions like FCTC CoP10 is not only undemocratic but also detrimental to global health objectives." CAPHRA urges policymakers and health organisations to critically examine the report's recommendations and consider the real-world impact of restricting access to vaping products. The organisation stays committed to educating the public and advocating for the rights of adults who smoke to access harm reduction alternatives.   CONTACT Nancy Loucas, Executive Coordinator CAPHRA (Coalition of Asia Pacific Tobacco Harm Reduction Advocates) Mobile: +64272348643 Email: Nancy@caphraorg.net Web: https://caphraorg.net/ Read the full article

[gauravmohindrachicago]

International Law and Public Health Policy: Intersections and Implications

International law plays a crucial role in shaping and guiding public health policies worldwide. The global nature of public health issues, such as pandemics, environmental health, and non-communicable diseases, necessitates international cooperation and legal frameworks to manage health risks effectively. This article explores the intersections between international law and public health policy, examining key legal instruments, institutions, and contemporary challenges says, Gaurav Mohindra.

Key Legal Instruments in International Public Health

1. International Health Regulations (IHR)

• The IHR, administered by the World Health Organization (WHO), is a legally binding framework aimed at preventing and responding to public health risks that have the potential to cross borders. The IHR requires member states to develop core public health capacities, report certain disease outbreaks, and collaborate on public health responses. This framework was pivotal during the COVID-19 pandemic, guiding international response efforts.

2. Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)

• The FCTC is the first international treaty negotiated under the auspices of the WHO, aimed at reducing tobacco consumption and its health impacts. It includes measures to control tobacco advertising, promote smoke-free environments, and support smoking cessation programs. The FCTC represents a comprehensive approach to addressing a major global health issue through international law.

3. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)

• Article 12 of the ICESCR recognizes the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health. This includes the prevention, treatment, and control of epidemic, endemic, occupational, and other diseases. The ICESCR obliges states to take necessary steps to improve public health, reflecting the intersection of human rights and public health policy.

4. Paris Agreement

• Although primarily an environmental treaty, the Paris Agreement on climate change has significant implications for public health. Climate change affects social and environmental determinants of health, such as clean air, safe drinking water, sufficient food, and secure shelter. The Agreement's focus on mitigation and adaptation strategies also addresses public health concerns related to climate impacts.

Institutions and Their Roles

1. World Health Organization (WHO)

• The WHO is the leading international body for public health. It provides guidance, sets norms and standards, and coordinates international health responses. The WHO's role is crucial in global health emergencies, offering expertise and support to countries to control outbreaks and implement effective public health measures says, Gaurav Mohindra.

2. United Nations (UN)

• Various UN agencies, including UNICEF, UNDP, and UNEP, contribute to public health policy through programs addressing health determinants like nutrition, environmental sustainability, and socio-economic development. The UN General Assembly also adopts resolutions on global health issues, reflecting international consensus and political commitment.

3. World Trade Organization (WTO)

• The WTO influences public health through trade agreements and regulations. For instance, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) impacts access to medicines. The WTO also mediates trade disputes that have public health implications, balancing trade interests with health priorities.

4. International Labour Organization (ILO)

• The ILO addresses health issues related to working conditions, occupational safety, and health standards. Its conventions and recommendations promote healthy and safe work environments, contributing to overall public health.

Contemporary Challenges and Responses

1. Pandemics and Global Health Security

• The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted weaknesses in global health security and the need for robust international legal frameworks. Issues such as vaccine equity, data sharing, and coordinated responses underscored the importance of international cooperation and legal mechanisms to manage global health crises effectively.

2. Access to Medicines

• Access to essential medicines remains a significant challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. International law, through instruments like TRIPS and public health exceptions, seeks to balance intellectual property rights with the need to ensure access to life-saving medications. Initiatives like the Medicines Patent Pool and COVAX aim to improve access to affordable medicines and vaccines.

3. Climate Change and Health

• The intersection of climate change and public health is increasingly recognized. International legal frameworks addressing climate change must integrate health considerations, ensuring that mitigation and adaptation strategies protect and promote public health. Efforts to reduce air pollution, improve water quality, and enhance food security are critical to addressing health impacts of climate change.

4. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

• The rise of NCDs such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer poses a global health challenge. International law and policy can support efforts to reduce NCDs through agreements on food standards, advertising restrictions, and promoting healthy lifestyles. Global initiatives and treaties, such as the FCTC, serve as models for addressing NCDs through coordinated international efforts.

5. Health Inequities

• Health inequities within and between countries remain a significant challenge. International law, particularly human rights law, emphasizes the need to address social determinants of health and ensure equitable access to health services. Policies aimed at reducing poverty, improving education, and ensuring gender equality are essential components of public health strategies.

Future Directions

1. Strengthening International Health Regulations

• Enhancing the IHR to better prepare for and respond to global health emergencies is crucial. This includes improving surveillance systems, ensuring timely information sharing, and building resilient health systems capable of managing outbreaks effectively.

2. Integrating Health in Climate Policies

• Strengthening the integration of health considerations into international climate policies is vital. This involves adopting health-centered approaches in climate agreements and ensuring that health impacts are considered in mitigation and adaptation strategies.

3. Promoting Global Health Governance

• Enhancing global health governance through greater coordination among international organizations, governments, and the private sector is essential. This includes supporting WHO reforms to improve its capacity to respond to global health challenges and fostering collaborative approaches to public health issues.

4. Leveraging Technology and Innovation

• Utilizing technology and innovation in public health, such as digital health tools, data analytics, and telemedicine, can improve health outcomes and access to care. International legal frameworks need to adapt to support the use of these technologies while ensuring data privacy and security.

5. Addressing Social Determinants of Health

• Focusing on social determinants of health, such as education, employment, and housing, is crucial for improving public health. International law and policy should support comprehensive strategies that address these determinants, promoting health equity and well-being.

Gaurav Mohindra: International law is integral to shaping public health policy and addressing global health challenges. Through legal instruments, institutions, and collaborative efforts, international law provides frameworks for managing health risks, promoting health equity, and ensuring coordinated responses to health crises. As global health challenges evolve, so too must international legal frameworks, ensuring they remain effective and responsive to the needs of all populations. The intersection of international law and public health policy is essential for building a healthier, more equitable world. 

Originally Posted: https://vocal.media/journal/international-law-and-public-health-policy-intersections-and-implications

[imheretocausechaos25]

Ody having that smug look of "i will teach you all the ways to annoy your mother" I LOVE THAT

and eury just crying because he's such a proud dad "LOOK AT ME AND MENE MADE!,WELL MOSTLY MENE BUT I HELPED!" Fctc the bby us so small i just want to squeeze the little cheeks

The AU where no one dies, everyone makes it home, and Eury has a kid with Mene 🫶🏾✨

[the-inkwell-variable]

Rose Fenwick

"If you don't stop making a dragon's horde out of a copper piece, I'll give you something to really cry about!"

174 - - - she/her - - - half-elf

Fishing has been the lifeblood of Rose's family since they first arrived from Abieni a thousand years ago. It stood to reason that she would follow her father's footsteps, being the eldest and all. Even when she married Minto Fenwick a century ago, she refused to hang up her nets and told him that if he married her, he married the sea and all the problems that came with it.

He married her anyway, though he did not join her in the water. Instead, he opened a little shop and sold fish on the cliff side to the locals, something that, surprisingly, no one had thought of. They'd simply believed that if they wanted fish, they'd have to catch it themselves. Minto solved a problem they didn't even know they'd had, and his pockets overflowed for it .

They had three children together who all moved to Verthurst to seek their fortunes. They visit when they can of course, but they're all quite busy with their own careers and families in the big city.

Minto passed away three years ago, a tragic victim to an illness spread by birds. Rose couldn't bring herself to sell the shop, but the sheriff convinced her to rent it out instead. She may regret that choice as the only people interested seem to be a pair of half-drow twins...

Rose is very down-to-earth and serious, though she'll grant you a laugh if you amuse her. She never let her vast wealth get to her head and is always happy to help you out of a pickle. She seems to have adopted Hendryk and Amara as her own children and treats them as such, not that they know how to handle it. She may not be on the town council, but she has a lot of sway and knows how and when to use it.

[vapolitique]

Avant son Sommet anti-tabac COP8: l'OMS fière d'avoir poussé 30 pays à interdire le vapotage

Le secrétariat anti-tabac (FCTC) de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Sant�� (OMS) prépare son grand sommet de Genève du 1er au 6 octobre. L’oligarque Michael Bloomberg a déjà fait passer ses mots d’ordre au bureau anti-tabac de l’OMS lors du sommet au Cap qu’il a organisé en mars. On trouve donc au menu de cette huitième convention des parties (COP8), la guerre au vapotage. Le secrétariat dirigé par…

[worldnotobaccoday]

Expose industry efforts to obstruct sustainable livelihoods work.

Tobacco farmers are not the enemy, but the weakest actor in the tobacco trade system, and they need support from governments and rich countries to step away from growing tobacco, Sonja continues. “The problem is that countries need to export things and tobacco generates a lot of revenue. Farmers would need to change to something which can be exported. And that is a difficult thing.”

There have been steps towards this and projects which are working well, Sonja points out, but there are many obstacles. One of them is the need for poor countries to receive export revenues to pay off national debt, and another is the interference of the tobacco industry. Then, there is the issue of sustainability.

“Tobacco can’t be eaten in an emergency. It’s not sustainable for the community where it is grown,” Sonja emphasizes. “If you grow organic foods, which are sold locally, then this could be sustainable, if people can buy the food, or if it can be sold to a school feeding programme for example, but it will not be economically sustainable for a whole country.”

In response to these challenges, and together with international partners, Unfairtobacco initiated the Cape Town Declaration on Human Rights and a Tobacco-free World, to which more than 150 organizations have signed up. Unfairtobacco also lend support to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), in which governments are asked to support alternatives to tobacco farming.

[savage-kult-of-gorthaur]

ALIEN VERSUS ALIEN -- BURSTING OUT FROM INSIDE THE MAN OF STEEL'S RIBCAGE IN MAY.

PIC INFO: Spotlight on a house ad for "Superman/Aliens" crossover limited series, jointly published by DC and Dark Horse Comics from July to September 1995. The advert was featured in "Previews" catalog/magazine Vol. 5 $3. March, 1995.

Story and layout art by Dan Jurgens, with finished art by Kevin Nowlan.

Source: www.fortressofbaileytude.com/fctc-episode-215-superman-vs-aliens/07-previews-superman-alien-house-ad.

[hardynwa]

WHO move for ban on e-cigarette

The World Health Organisation, WHO, has urged member nations of its global tobacco treaty to ban or regulate the use of e-cigarettes and other novel and emerging products of the tobacco industry, in the interest of public health. The call was made on Tuesday during a virtual media briefing by the Network for Accountability of Tobacco Transnationals on the global tobacco treaty. The National Institutes of Health noted that e-cigarettes were battery-powered devices that people use to heat liquid into a vapour that can be inhaled, saying that the WHO’s global tobacco treaty is an evidence-based treaty that reaffirms all people’s right to the highest standard of health. Organised ahead of the 10th Conference of Parties to the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in Panama, the Treaty Officer, Legal Affairs, at WHO FCTC, Sabina Jacazzi, explained that the tobacco industry’s novel and emerging products fall under the category of tobacco products. She said that the COP has adopted decisions on novel and emerging tobacco products, including heated tobacco products, and Electronic Nicotine and Non-nicotine delivery systems, saying that it had clarified that HTPs were tobacco products and were subject to the WHO FCTC. “In relation to the latest scientific evidence and policy recommendations on these products, I very much encourage checking the reports (by WHO and the Convention Secretariat) that will be considered at COP10, available online,” she explained. The event also featured experts from around the world, including Akinbode Oluwafemi, Executive Director, Corporate Accountability and Public Participation Africa. In his speech, Akinbode Oluwafemi, Executive Director, Corporate Accountability and Public Participation Africa, said that the latest data showed a global decline in smoking, but revealed that the tobacco industry was adopting new tactics to deceive government officials and ensnare the public. Read the full article

[thxnews]

Global Tobacco Use Declines, Industry Efforts Thwarted

Triumph Over Tobacco: Global Use Declines Despite Industry Efforts

In a significant public health victory, global tobacco use is on the decline, according to the latest World Health Organization (WHO) report, despite ongoing efforts by the tobacco industry to undermine this progress.  

The Current Landscape of Tobacco Use

A Worldwide Decrease The WHO tobacco trends report reveals a notable decline in tobacco use rates globally. In 2022, about 1 in 5 adults worldwide were consuming tobacco, a significant reduction from 1 in 3 in 2000. This trend indicates a positive shift in global health behaviors and attitudes towards tobacco.   Success Stories The report highlights the success of 150 countries in reducing tobacco use. Notable examples include Brazil and the Netherlands, where the implementation of MPOWER tobacco control measures has led to substantial reductions in tobacco use. Brazil achieved a 35% relative reduction since 2010, while the Netherlands is nearing a 30% target.  

The Role of the Tobacco Industry

Persistent Interference Dr. Ruediger Krech, Director of WHO's Department of Health Promotion, expresses concern over the tobacco industry's tactics. Despite the progress, the industry continues to find ways to manipulate health policies and market its products, underlining the need for constant vigilance and robust tobacco control measures.   WHO's Call to Action WHO urges countries to continue implementing and enforcing tobacco control policies, emphasizing the importance of combating tobacco industry interference. This global effort is crucial to sustain and accelerate the decline in tobacco use.  

Regional Differences and Challenges

High Prevalence in Certain Regions The WHO South-East Asian Region currently has the highest percentage of tobacco users at 26.5%, closely followed by the European Region at 25.3%. The European Region is projected to have the highest rates globally by 2030, with a prevalence of just over 23%. The report also sheds light on gender disparities in tobacco use. In WHO’s European region, tobacco use rates among women are more than double the global average and are reducing much slower than in other regions.  

The Road Ahead

Missing the Global Goal While the numbers have steadily decreased, the world is set to miss the voluntary global goal of a 30% reduction in tobacco use by 2025, based on the 2010 baseline. Only 56 countries will achieve this target, down from the last report. WHO calls for accelerated efforts in tobacco control, highlighting that there is still significant work to be done. The "Global Tobacco Industry Interference Index 2023" indicates a deterioration in efforts to protect health policy from tobacco industry interference.   Protecting Future Generations Country surveys reveal that children aged 13–15 years in most countries are using tobacco and nicotine products. To counter this, WHO dedicates this year’s World No Tobacco Day to protecting children from tobacco industry interference.  

Upcoming WHO Framework Convention

The 10th Session of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) Conference of Parties, set to take place in Panama, will focus on combating tobacco industry attempts to influence global health policies. Strengthening the WHO FCTC is vital for global health and aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals.   Sources: THX News & World Health Organization. Read the full article

[legalupanishad]

Laws governing E-Cigarettes in India: Is it Legal?

This article on 'Laws governing E-Cigarettes in India' was written by Ishika Agarwal, an intern at Legal Upanishad.

Introduction

The consumption of electronic cigarettes has increased a lot in the past few years. These cigarettes come in two different types: an electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) and an electronic non-nicotine delivery system (ENNDS). These systems (ENDS) produce a liquid with the help of a heating element, which is then vaporised and, in turn, inhaled by the users in the form of an aerosol consisting of varying amounts of nicotine, flavouring agents, propylene glycol, and other additives and toxic substances. ENNDS are almost similar to ENDS, with a slight difference in that the e-liquids present in these systems are marketed as nicotine-free; however, in practice, the products, claiming to be nicotine-free, are found to contain nicotine. ENDS are the subject of a public health debate among tobacco control advocates that has created more conflict as their use has increased in recent years. This article relates to the laws that govern the use of e-cigarettes in India.

WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2021

The World Health Organisation (WHO) keeps a constant check on the usage of e-cigarettes by regularly monitoring and reviewing the evidence on ENDS and health and providing guidance to governments. The WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC) is an international agreement aiming to reduce the consumption of tobacco products, reduce tobacco advertising, reduce exposure to second-hand smoking, and regulate tobacco packaging. WHO, in its report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, published in 2021, stated that as of 2020, there were only two countries in the WHO European Regions that banned ENDS/ENNDS. Turkey has banned the import of ENDS (except for personal consumption), and Turkmenistan bans the sale of ENDS and ENNDS. Most European countries still permit the trade of ENDS and ENNDS. They have, however, implemented one or more measures to regulate them, either in full or in part. They consist of the following: - a prohibition on using e-cigarettes in public indoor places; - a prohibition on advertising, marketing, and sponsorship; and - The use of graphic health warnings on packaging; taxing; sales age limitations; flavouring prohibitions or restrictions

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Regulation of E-cigarettes in India

Earlier in India, there was neither any research or studies conducted nor any regulatory framework enacted to check on the usage of e-cigarettes. In May 2019, the India Council for Medical Research suggested an absolute ban on e-cigarettes, stating that such devices become a means of smoking and have the ability to make a nonsmoker addicted to nicotine. The first Indian state to impose a complete ban on vaping was Punjab in 2014. Since then, 12 other states have also imposed a ban on vaping products. On May 31, 2019, Maharashtra and Rajasthan also enacted a ban on vaping products. Because of the absence of clear rules, regulations, and guidelines, different states took different approaches to implementing such bans. They did so with the help of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act, or the Poisons Act. The health ministry issued an advisory in August 2018 asking all states and union territories to entirely ban ENDS and any similar nicotine delivery products in their jurisdiction. Following this advice, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MEITY) suggested a change to the Information (Intermediary Guidelines) Rules, 2018 to prohibit the advertisement of e-cigarettes. The Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs noted in its circular that the drug controller would be the sole person who would clear e-cigarette import consignments. At the time India outlawed e-cigarettes in 2019, there were 106 million adult smokers. In order to protect people from harm and any issues related to or incidental to it, the government enacted the Prohibition of Electronic Cigarettes (Production, Manufacture, Import, Export, Transport, Sale, Distribution, Storage, and Advertisement) Act, 2019 to outlaw the production, manufacture, import, export, transport, sale, distribution, storage, and advertisement of electronic cigarettes. Section 4(i) of the Act prohibits a person from producing, manufacturing, importing, exporting, transporting, selling, and distributing electronic cigarettes, either directly or indirectly, whether as a finished product or as a semi-finished product. The second clause of this section prohibits the advertisement of e-cigarettes, either directly or indirectly, so as to promote their use. Section 5 of the Act prohibits the storage of electronic cigarettes. Section 6(1) of the Act gives the authorised officer the authority to go into and look into any area where e-cigarette business is in operation, or where such items are produced, supplied, distributed, stored, or transported, or where any advertisement is carried on. As per Section 6(2), the authorised officer can seize any record or property that may be used for any purposes mentioned in sub-section 1, and if he believes this to be true, he may capture any person under his charge and present him before the Court of Judicial Magistrate. As per Section 6(4) of the Act, all searches, seizures, and attachments shall be made according to the provisions of CrPC, 1973. According to Section 7 of the Act, violators of Section 4 are subject to a term of imprisonment not exceeding one year, a fine not exceeding one lakh rupees, or both; for a subsequent offence, the sentence may be up to three years in prison and a penalty up to 500000 rupees. According to Section 8 of the Act, violators of Section 5 are subject to a period of imprisonment that may not exceed six months, a penalty that may not exceed 50,000 rupees, or both. The jurisdiction and trial of crimes are outlined in Section 9 of the Act. Any person who violates Sections 4 or 5 will be tried for the offence in any court where he is eligible to be tried under any law currently in effect, according to Subsection 1 of this Section. All offences against this act are to be tried by the Court of Judicial Magistrate of the First Class according to the trial method outlined in CrPC, 1973, according to subsection 2 of this section. According to Section 10, e-cigarette stocks must be eliminated according to the rules in Chapter XXXIV of the CrPC if it is demonstrated that the stocks confiscated by the authorised officer under this act are stocks of e-cigarettes. A crime under Section 4 shall be cognizable in accordance with Section 13, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the CrPC, 1973. No litigation, prosecution, or other legal action shall be brought against the Union Government, any State Government, or any officer of the Union Government or any State Government for anything done or expected to be done under this Act in good faith, according to Section 16.

Regulation of E-cigarettes around the Globe

Recently, Australia has become the 47th country to impose a ban on the sale of vapes after India, Singapore, Thailand, Japan, Argentina, and other countries that had imposed a ban earlier. At present, there are a total of 30 countries around the world where ENDS are banned, while there are some countries in which they are regulated in the form of consumer products, pharmaceutical products, or other categories.

Conclusion

The analysis of the Prohibition of Electronic Cigarettes (Production, Manufacture, Import, Export, Transport, Sale, Distribution, Storage, and Advertisement) Act, 2019 shows that the Indian Government has enacted a strict law in order to monitor and regulate e-cigarettes. However, it has been seen that buyers, especially youngsters, are still buying and consuming e-cigarettes via different websites, tobacco vendors, and general stores. Even in many cafes and clubs, hookahs are provided. A study shows that despite having a ban on e-cigarettes to protect the young generation from the harmful effects of vaping, e-cigarettes still remain one of the major challenges in India.

References

- The Prohibition of Electronic Cigarettes (Production, Manufacture, Import, Export, Transport, Sale, Distribution, Storage and Advertisement) Act, 2019 - Neetu Chandra Sharma, 'Back Back 12 states ban e-cigarettes, health ministry urges all to follow', LiveMint, 13 March 2019, available at: https://www.livemint.com/news/india/12-states-ban-e-cigarettes-health-ministry-urges-all-to-follow-1552447122172.html - 'Global Tobacco Epidemic', Clear IAS, 13 September 2023, available at: https://www.clearias.com/global-tobacco-epidemic/#:~:text=ProhibitionofElectronicCigarettesAct,publichealthespeciallyamongyouth. Read the full article