#factors that influence treatment outcomes

[totesmag]

The Connection Between Basic Science and Clinical Research in Improving Health Outcomes

Explanation of the topic Medical research is a broad field that encompasses a wide range of studies and activities aimed at advancing knowledge and improving health outcomes. From basic science research that explores the fundamental mechanisms of disease, to clinical research that tests new treatments in real-world settings, medical research plays a crucial role in shaping the future of…

[charmedreincarnation]

Let me share you some examples of people outside of a spiritual realm using the law of consciousness. Reading about placebo opened my eyes to realize whether I believe it or not, use it or not, it is always operating.

1. During wartime, particularly in World War II, when medical supplies were limited, the use of a saline solution as a placebo became prevalent. One notable figure associated with this practice is Henry Beecher, a medic during the war. When morphine, a powerful painkiller, was scarce, Beecher resorted to injecting injured soldiers with a saline solution (a mixture of salt and water) as a substitute.The fascinating observation was that many soldiers responded positively to the saline placebo, reporting a reduction in pain. Beecher’s experience led him to further investigate what is now known as the placebo effect. He discovered that even inert substances like saline could elicit a therapeutic response in individuals, highlighting the power of belief and the mind’s influence on healing. Using saline as a placebo during wartime was a practical solution to address the scarcity of medical resources. It allowed healthcare providers to provide some form of treatment while conserving limited supplies for critical cases. The phenomenon observed in these wartime placebo administrations contributed to our understanding of the placebo effect and its role in medical practices.

2. And then there was another placebo test done with surgeries demonstrated the power of the placebo effect in the context of surgical interventions for knee pain.

The study, often referred to as the “fake leg surgery” study, focused on patients with osteoarthritis in the knee. Participants were randomly assigned to either receive real arthroscopic surgery or undergo a sham procedure where no actual surgical intervention took place. The sham surgery involved making small incisions and mimicking the actions and sounds associated with the actual procedure.The surprising finding was that both groups, those who underwent real surgery and those who had the sham surgery, reported similar improvements in their knee pain and functionality. This suggested that the positive outcomes experienced by the participants were not necessarily due to the physical intervention but rather to psychological factors such as the placebo effect.

3. The most fascinating one was this one: The study aimed to explore the role of mindset in reversing some aspects of aging.

In this experiment, Langer and her team created a simulated environment reminiscent of the 1950s to immerse a group of elderly participants. The participants were instructed to act as though they were 20 years younger and encouraged to engage in activities that required physical and mental activity. It aimed to create an atmosphere where the participants felt as if they were stepping back in time.The results of the experiment were described as astonishing. Participants reportedly experienced improvements in various areas, including physical health, cognition, and overall well-being. The study suggested that by changing one’s mindset and engaging in an environment that challenges typical aging stereotypes, individuals may experience positive effects on various aspects of their lives.

4. The Man Who Overdosed on Placebo" is a story about a 26-year-old man, often referred to as "Mr. A," who was part of a clinical trial for an antidepressant drug. In a desperate state of mind, he attempted suicide by ingesting 29 capsules of what he believed to be the experimental drug. This act was triggered by his depression, which had worsened after a breakup with his girlfriend.

However, unbeknownst to him, the pills he had taken were not the actual antidepressant, but rather placebos - essentially inert substances, often sugar pills, used in clinical trials as a control group. Despite this, Mr. A's vitals showed alarming signs similar to those of a drug overdose, reflecting the power of belief over the physical body, a phenomenon known as the "nocebo effect."

The nocebo effect is essentially the evil twin of the placebo effect. While the placebo effect can lead to improvements in health due to positive expectations, the nocebo effect can cause negative symptoms or even exacerbate existing ones due to negative expectations. In this case, Mr. A exhibited symptoms of an overdose solely because he believed he had taken an overdose.

5. Sam Londe, is one of the best but sad classic example of the nocebo effect, as detailed in Dr. Joe Dispenza's book "You Are the Placebo."

Sam Londe was diagnosed with esophageal cancer, a condition known for its grim prognosis. His doctors informed him that he didn't have much time left to live. Accepting this diagnosis, Londe quickly became bedridden and his health deteriorated rapidly, following the trajectory his doctors had predicted.However, upon his death, an autopsy revealed a surprising fact: there was not enough cancer in his body to have caused his death. The small tumor in his esophagus was not large enough or in a position to interfere with his swallowing or breathing. Essentially, Londe didn't die from cancer; he died from believing he was dying of cancer.

This case demonstrates the power of the mind over the body, both positively (the placebo effect) and negatively (the nocebo effect). In this case, Londe's negative beliefs about his prognosis led to physical symptoms and ultimately his death.

I've seen dozens of examples where of stuff like this particularly in the realms of hexing and witchcraft. Honestly, the same could probably be said about subliminals. But it doesn't matter much.Why? Because they work. It's all about observation and choice. You could say it’s the mind but the mind operates on logic. This goes beyond the mind and to your true being, what observes the mind observing the pain in the first place.

Actually I was talking to someone who had been struggling with shifting for a while about this and it really resonated with her which is why I decided to share it. She took a water bottle, labeled it shifting juice and just assumed that when she finishes the bottle she has “full access to shifting powers” is that how it works. Nope. Did she shift after two years of struggling. Yep. It doesn’t matter what story you create yourself whether you want to use logic or not whatever you assume and persist in and know as a fact will harden into truth and therefore reality.I just wanted to share this story bc I find it absolutely hilarious how we sometimes take it so seriously yet it can be so easy. I know placebo is just an assumption. It’s like when you tell children you checked under their bed for the monsters and drafted them and they assume so so they can sleep soundly at night. Call it whatever you want assumption, placebo, it’s all just words and each community calls it something different but at the end of the day it works wether you know the truth behind it or not.

[covid-safer-hotties]

Also preserved on our archive

By Bill Shaw

A new study in eClinicalMedicine has found that healthy volunteers infected with SARS-CoV-2 had measurably worse cognitive function for up to a year after infection when compared to uninfected controls. Significantly, infected controls did not report any symptoms related to these cognitive deficits, indicating that they were unaware of them. The net effect is that potentially billions of people worldwide with a history of COVID-19, but no symptoms of long COVID, could have persistent cognitive issues without knowing it.

The study’s lead author, Adam Hampshire, professor of cognitive and computational neuroscience at King's College London, said:

"It … is the first study to apply detailed and sensitive assessments of cognitive performance from pre to post infection under controlled conditions. In this respect, the study provides unique insights into the changes that occurred in cognitive and memory function amongst those who had mild COVID-19 illness early in the pandemic."

This news comes as pandemic mitigation measures have all but been abandoned by governments across the globe. Public health practice has been decimated to the point where even surveillance data on SARS-CoV-2 infections and resulting hospitalizations, deaths, and other outcomes are barely collected let alone published.

The data that are available indicate, per the most recent modeling from the Pandemic Mitigation Collaborative (PMC) on September 23, that since the beginning of August there have been over 1 million infections per day in the US alone. This level of transmission is expected to persist through the remainder of September and all of October. For the months of August through October, these levels of transmission are the highest of the entire pandemic

The study on cognitive deficits has been shared widely across social media, with scientists and anti-COVID advocates drawing out its dire implications.

Australian researcher and head of the Burnet Institute, Dr. Brendan Crabb, who has previously advocated for a global elimination strategy to stop the pandemic, wrote:

"Ethical issues aside, this is a powerful addition to an already strong dataset on Covid-driven brain damage affecting cognition & memory. Given new (re)infections remain common, this work… should influence a re-think on current prevention/treatment approaches."

The study enrolled 36 healthy volunteers. These individuals had no history of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, no risk factors for severe COVID-19, and no history of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The researchers determined whether the volunteers were seronegative prior to inoculation, meaning that they had no detectable antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. If such antibodies were present, it would indicate past infection or vaccination.

These procedures resulted in a total of data from 34 volunteers being included for analysis. Two volunteers were excluded from analysis because they had seroconverted to positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies between the time of screening and inoculation. Notably, these two volunteers participated in all subsequent study activities, enabling a sensitivity analysis of the results that included them.

The researchers inoculated all 36 volunteers with SARS-CoV-2 virus in the nose and then quarantined them for at least 14 days. Volunteers only returned home once they had two consecutive daily nasal and throat swabs that were negative for virus. Thus, those volunteers who had an infection after inoculation spent the duration of their infection in quarantine. This quarantine was required by ethical study protocols, in order that the study itself not increase community transmission of the virus.

The researchers collected data on the volunteers daily during quarantine and at follow-up visits at 30, 90, 180, 270, and 360 days post-inoculation. The assessments included body temperature, viral loads from throat and nasal swabs, surveys on symptoms, and computer-based cognitive tests on 11 major cognitive tasks. The cognitive testing varied the particular exercise for each of the 11 tasks to avoid learning and memorization of solutions in subsequent sessions. Nevertheless, some tasks were more prone to learning so the researchers also studied the effect of infection on “learning” vs. “non-learning” tasks.

Of the 36 inoculated volunteers, 18 became infected and developed COVID-19 and 16 did not. The two groups did not differ significantly in key demographics. No volunteers required hospitalization or supplemental oxygen during the study. Every volunteer completed all five follow-up visits. 15 volunteers acquired a non-COVID upper respiratory tract infection in their community between the end of quarantine and the fifth visit at day 360.

The researchers found that the infected group had significantly lower average “baseline-corrected global composite cognitive score” (bcGCCS) than the uninfected group at all follow-up intervals. At baseline, the two groups did not differ significantly. The difference between the two groups did not significantly vary by time, meaning that the infected group’s bcGCCS did not improve during the nearly year-long study.

Because the bcGCCS was a composite based on individual scores for the 11 cognitive tasks, the researchers also looked at which tasks in particular were impacted. They found that the most affected task was related to immediate object memory, in particular, recall of the spatial orientation of the object. There was no difference in picking the correct object itself, just its spatial orientation. This means that infected individuals had a hard time choosing the correct spatial orientation of the object they had just seen, for example, erroneously picking a mirror image of the object they had just seen.

The results were not different based on sex, learning vs. non-learning tasks, or whether individuals received remdesivir or had community-acquired upper respiratory infections.

Because the investigators controlled for so many factors including the strain of SARS-CoV-2, timing of infection, quarantine, and lack of prior infection and vaccination, the study provides high confidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection was responsible for the cognitive defects. The control of the timing of infection also enabled clarification of whether and when cognitive deficits occurred and improved. The differences between the groups were apparent by day 14 of quarantine and as noted previously, the deficits in the infected group did not improve let alone resolve.

The symptom surveys did not differ between the two groups. None of the volunteers, infected or uninfected, reported subjective cognitive issues or symptoms. Thus the infected volunteers with measurable cognitive deficits at one year post-infection were not aware of these deficits.

The study reaffirms prior research into persistent cognitive deficits and brain damage associated with COVID-19, including other studies which have found deficits among patients without symptomatic long COVID. Building upon this prior research, the latest study indicates that basically every single unvaccinated individual with a history of acute COVID-19 is at risk for persistent, measurable cognitive deficits.

Given that other studies have shown that vaccination reduces one’s risk of long COVID by roughly half, similar measurable cognitive deficits are likely prevalent among vaccinated people who suffer “breakthrough” infection, albeit likely at reduced rates of decline.

The study raises the urgent questions about the level of protection provided by vaccination, whether strains since the original “wild type” SARS-CoV-2 strain have similar effects on cognition, and what is the impact of these cognitive deficits on people’s performance at home, work, and school.

The study also adds to the large body of damning evidence that the ruling class’ “forever COVID” policy is of immense criminal proportions. Enabling a dangerous, mind-damaging virus to circulate among humanity worldwide represents a scale of inhumanity and dereliction of duty that is practically unfathomable. The malignity of this intentional policy is underscored by the current situation where the U.S. alone has had over 1 million new infections per day since August, with levels not projected to drop below 1 million until November.

The working class must deepen the struggle to replace the capitalist system that prioritizes profit over lives with a world socialist society that places human needs first.

Study Link: www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370%2824%2900421-8/fulltext

[daweimedical111]

Bedside Monitors Explained: Functions, Advantages, and Cost Considerations

How do Bedside Monitor Work?

Bedside monitors are essential medical devices designed to continuously track a patient's vital signs in real time. They work by using various sensors and electrodes to capture critical physiological data such as heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation (SpO₂), respiratory rate, and sometimes temperature and other parameters, depending on the model.

The monitor is equipped with multiple sensors or probes that are attached to the patient’s body. Once connected, these sensors continuously send data to the bedside monitor. The device processes the data through algorithms to provide accurate, real-time readings.

The monitor displays the data on a screen, often with individual panels for each parameter. The display is typically bright and easy to read, allowing quick assessment. Monitors are usually set up with alarms to alert caregivers if a reading falls outside of a safe range.

Modern bedside monitors can store data over time for trend analysis and are often connected to a central monitoring system.

Bedside monitors play a critical role in patient care by offering accurate, continuous observation, especially in intensive care, emergency departments, and during surgeries.

What are they used to bedside monitor?

Bedside monitors are used to continuously observe and measure a patient's vital signs, providing essential information for healthcare providers to make informed decisions. Here are some common applications scene for bedside monitors:

Intensive Care Units (ICU): Bedside monitors are crucial in ICUs. They track key metrics such as heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation, alerting staff to any changes that may need immediate attention.

Emergency Departments (ED): In emergency settings, bedside monitors are used to assess patients quickly and monitor their stability. They provide real-time data, helping emergency physicians make fast, informed decisions during critical moments.

Operating Rooms (OR): During surgeries, bedside monitors track a patient’s vital signs to ensure they remain stable under anesthesia.

Post-Operative Recovery: After surgery, patients are often monitored until they stabilize.

General Wards and Step-Down Units: Bedside monitors help track vital signs as patients wake from anesthesia and recover, ensuring they respond well and identifying any potential complications.

These monitors allow medical staff to intervene quickly and improve patient outcomes across various medical environments.

What are bedside patient monitors expensive?

Bedside monitors are highly beneficial in healthcare settings due to their ability to provide real-time, continuous monitoring of a patient’s vital signs. Here are some key benefits:

Enhanced Patient Safety: Bedside monitors often include alarms to alert medical staff if any parameter goes beyond a safe range.

Improved Efficiency for Medical Staff: Continuous monitoring reduces the need for frequent manual checks by nurses or doctors, freeing up their time for other patient care tasks.

Better Data for Informed Decision-Making: Bedside monitors collect data over time, allowing healthcare providers to analyze trends and make more informed treatment decisions.

Enhanced Recovery and Post-Operative Care:  Any post-operative complications can be detected and addressed promptly, improving recovery outcomes.

Are bedside patient monitor expensive?

The cost of bedside patient monitors can vary widely depending on the monitor’s features, complexity, and brand. Here are some factors that influence bedside patient monitors' price: Features and Functionality, Display Quality and Size, Technology and Connectivity, Durability and Portability

Basic bedside monitors can range from a few hundred to a few thousand dollars. While the upfront cost of bedside monitors can be high, they are considered a valuable investment because they help prevent complications, improve patient outcomes, and enhance workflow efficiency. Many healthcare providers consider the long-term benefits and cost savings in patient care when deciding on the investment.

Know More>>https://www.daweimed.com/Patient-Monitoring.html

[religion-is-a-mental-illness]

By: Christina Buttons

Published: Jun 9, 2024

A newly published review in a prestigious medical journal has found that many studies on hormonal treatments for children with gender dysphoria have exaggerated their benefits. The analysis, led by Kathleen McDeavitt from the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Baylor College of Medicine, revealed that many studies presented positive conclusions about hormonal interventions even when the findings were insignificant, small, or even negative.

Proponents of early medical transition argue it can reduce suicide risk, often describing hormonal interventions as “life-saving care.” However, McDeavitt's review of 14 long-term studies reveals that the majority did not find improvements in depression or suicidality. In fact, the largest study included in the review reported worse outcomes for depression, an increase in psychiatric visits for suicidality, and a significant rise in antidepressant use after starting hormonal treatments.

For this review, studies were included if they involved pediatric-age patients with gender dysphoria who were taking puberty blockers and/or cross-sex hormones, were longitudinal in methodology, were conducted in a clinical research setting, and reported outcomes related to depression and/or suicidality. 

Despite being longitudinal, the studies reviewed had short follow-up periods, with half spanning one year or less. Notably, the longest follow-up time, found in two older Dutch studies, spanned six years. This is significant because, given the novelty of this protocol, longer-term data is extremely rare, and transition regret and detransition often occur between four to eight years after transitioning.

Out of the 14 studies reviewed, five had negative outcomes for depression and three had negative outcomes for suicidality. Out of the 13 studies that reported depression outcomes, less than half (six) found positive results; and when positive results were found, the improvements were relatively minor. Notably, in two of these six studies, the improvement was seen in one sex but not the other. 

A recent Finnish study that looked specifically at suicidality found that suicide mortality in this population was rare and did not differ from the general population when controlling for mental health conditions. The researchers concluded there was no evidence to suggest that hormonal interventions prevented suicide.

A key issue discussed in this review is that all the studies were observational, meaning causal factors cannot be inferred because their results can be easily influenced by other variables. Positive results could be due to factors like therapy, medications, support from treatment teams, or other unrelated influences, rather than the hormonal treatments themselves. Because of this, it's hard to say for sure if the treatments caused the improvements. Despite this, many studies, even those with minor or even negative findings, still somehow concluded that the treatments were beneficial.

A strength of this review is that it compared what each study concluded with what the actual results showed. This uncovered a pattern of exaggerating the importance of certain findings, such as being quick to credit hormonal treatments for positive results and focusing more on positive findings than negative ones. For example, the Tordoff et al. study claimed there was clear evidence of improvement, even though the results showed no significant change in depression or suicidality over time. The six studies that reported positive results were not very meaningful, with half showing only small decreases in depression scores.

McDeavitt's findings suggest that the actual impact of hormonal treatments on depression and suicidality in children with gender dysphoria remains unclear. This directly contradicts claims by activists and large US medical institutions that the research consistently shows mental health benefits. The review calls for more rigorous, high-quality research to truly understand the benefits and risks of these treatments.

Following the U.K.'s Cass Review and associated systematic evidence reviews, which found "remarkably weak" evidence supporting medical interventions for gender transition in minors, public health authorities around the world have begun restricting medical transition or reevaluating their stance. However, medical organizations in the United States remain an outlier, showing reluctance to align their guidelines with the best available evidence.

--

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apa.17309

Abstract

Aim Systematic literature reviews have found the evidence for hormonal interventions in paediatric-age patients with gender dysphoria is of low certainty. Studies in this field have all been observational, and generally of low quality. Nevertheless, some experts assert that the observational studies in this field have consistently found improvement in mental health, and therefore constitute sufficient evidentiary basis for hormonal interventions. The present review sought to characterise results of the longitudinal clinical research studies that have reported depression and suicidality outcomes.

Methods The present review collated, from examination of six existing reviews, 14 longitudinal clinical research studies that have specifically investigated depression and/or suicidality outcomes.

Results Significantly positive depression outcomes were reported in six studies, and significantly positive suicidality outcomes in two studies. Outcomes were negative in the largest study. Notably, some studies articulated positive conclusions about hormonal interventions even in the setting of insignificant, small or negative findings.

Conclusions Analysis of longitudinal clinical research in this field showed inconsistent demonstration of benefit with respect to depression and suicidality. This analysis suggests that, contrary to assertions of some experts and North American professional medical organisations, the impact of hormonal interventions on depression and suicidality in this population is unknown.

==

[anaswaraseo]

Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics: Science for Better Health

Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics is a specialized field that uses nutrition to manage and prevent disease, improve health outcomes, and promote overall well-being. Here’s a deep dive into the essential aspects of this field:

What is Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics?

Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics involves assessing, diagnosing, and treating nutrition-related health issues. Dietitians and clinical nutritionists work closely with patients to develop dietary plans tailored to their medical conditions, lifestyle, and specific health goals.

Key Areas of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics

Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT): MNT is the cornerstone of clinical dietetics, involving specialized dietary interventions based on scientific evidence. It’s used to treat chronic illnesses like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and kidney disease.

Nutritional Assessment: This includes evaluating a patient’s diet, medical history, physical health, and lab results to create personalized nutrition plans. Tools include BMI, body composition analysis, dietary history, and blood tests to assess nutrient levels.

Therapeutic Diets: Dietitians often develop therapeutic diets to manage health conditions, which can include:

Low-sodium diets for hypertension and heart health.

Low-glycemic diets for managing diabetes.

High-protein diets for malnutrition and muscle recovery.

Renal Diets for kidney disease patients to reduce the intake of specific nutrients.

Pediatric and Geriatric Nutrition: Clinical dietitians specialize in creating age-appropriate nutritional plans for children and elderly patients, addressing issues like growth, development, bone health, and cognitive function.

Mental Health and Nutrition: Dietitians are increasingly focusing on the connection between nutrition and mental health, as certain nutrients (e.g., omega-3s, and B vitamins) can impact mood and cognitive function.

Emerging Areas in Clinical Nutrition

Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals: Functional foods (like probiotics) and nutraceuticals (such as dietary supplements) are increasingly used in clinical nutrition to support specific health outcomes, such as immune function or gut health.

Personalized Nutrition and Genomics: Nutrigenomics studies how genes influence individual responses to nutrients, leading to personalized nutrition plans based on a patient’s genetic makeup. This method works especially well for treating chronic illnesses.

Integrative and Holistic Nutrition: Integrative nutrition considers lifestyle factors, stress, and mental health along with diet, promoting a more holistic approach to patient care.

Plant-Based Diets: The use of plant-based diets in clinical settings is becoming popular for their benefits in reducing inflammation, improving heart health, and supporting weight management.

Role of Clinical Dietitians in Healthcare Settings

Hospitals: Clinical dietitians are essential in hospitals, where they design dietary plans for patients recovering from surgeries, dealing with chronic illnesses, or undergoing treatment that affects their nutritional status.

Outpatient Clinics: Many dietitians work in clinics, providing ongoing support for patients with chronic conditions like diabetes or high cholesterol.

Rehabilitation Centers: Nutritionists here help patients with recovery, focusing on high-calorie or high-protein diets to promote healing.

Skills for Clinical Dietitians

Analytical Skills: Strong understanding of biochemistry and physiology to interpret lab data and develop dietary plans. Counseling and Communication: The ability to communicate effectively with patients to promote adherence to dietary plans.

Evidence-Based Practice: Staying updated with the latest research to provide science-backed advice. Career Opportunities

Clinical dietitian: employed by long-term care homes, clinics, or hospitals.

Nutrition Researcher: Contributing to research on disease prevention and dietary interventions.

Consultant Dietitian: Providing freelance or consultancy services for healthcare facilities, wellness centers, or private clients.

Corporate Wellness Programs: Supporting employees’ health and well-being through nutritional guidance in corporate settings.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics is a transformative field that bridges the gap between nutrition science and patient care, offering personalized approaches to health and wellness. By understanding the intricate relationship between diet, disease, and overall health, clinical dietitians play a crucial role in improving health outcomes and enhancing quality of life. As new research and innovations in nutrition continue to emerge, this field remains essential in advancing preventive care, supporting disease management, and promoting holistic well-being.

[scaryinclusive]

NEURODIVERGENCE WRITING TIPS!

by @scaryinclusive.

topic: c-ptsd & ptsd. symptom discussed: nightmares.

to begin with, it's important to make the distinction between c-ptsd and ptsd. just because c-ptsd means complex-post traumatic stress disorder doesn't mean ptsd isn't complex on its own. the most notable difference is that, while ptsd is typically brought on by a single, traumatic event, c-ptsd is chronic trauma, that has been drip-fed over time ( long-term ) or that occurred repeatedly over a period of time. it could be easy to confuse the two, or not make a point of defining them, however they are different conditions and require differing support and treatments.

it is entirely possible to develop both disorders together, from a singular event alongside a long-term series of events. because of many of their symptoms being shared / similar, typically time-frame is the deciding factor in diagnosis. that being said, c-ptsd may require prolonged, more intensive treatment due to the traumatic event occurring repeatedly or for a long time, effectively being more complex to overcome. here is a useful link further explaining the differences, similarities and treatments of c-ptsd and ptsd.

one symptom common in both disorders is re-experiencing the trauma through intrusive nightmares. and it's the accurate writing and portrayal of these nightmares that i'll be focusing on in this post. dreams are often a way for our subconscious to process details of any event, traumatic or not, whether that be to refine details, understand motives, notice things you maybe hadn't before or recreate the narrative in an attempt to reassure oneself. nightmares, specifically when repeated, can represent the body and mind struggling to break down and process trauma — this is when treatment or support is usually sought out.

it should be noted that nightmares don't last forever and can be manageable through treatment of the disorder itself. ptsd nightmares may subside after some weeks or months of consistent treatment ( that doesn't mean you won't ever have them again, but you will likely become more desensitised to them ) whereas c-ptsd nightmares may continue for years post-events due to the body and mind struggling to desensitise, an outcome of chronic hyperarousal. depending on which your character has, or if they have both, results may vary. for detailed information on various self-adaptations to reduce or ease trauma-related nightmares, read this. your character may implement some of these to assist in a better night's sleep.

it's helpful to acknowledge the ways in which your character might experience nightmares. media ( movies, books, music videos etc ) is an easy source to turn to for influence and inspiration, but it's vital to recognise trauma-related disorders are a spectrum and no one individual experiences trauma the same. a lot of media leans towards the rather stereotypical, but valid nonetheless, representation of individuals startling awake, maybe with a gasp, jolt or even a scream. this can happen for those less desensitised to their trauma, or to those new to it ( a recent event or sudden awareness of childhood trauma ), but there are other behaviours less talked about, and exploring these for your character can be the difference between stereotyping them or expanding into new territory.

here is a list of tips to consider when writing trauma-related nightmares and waking from them, for your character:

if an individual's hyperarousal is decreasing overtime, or they're becoming more desensitised to their nightmares or trauma in general, they might experience more subdued feelings and sensations within their dream-state, such as concern, worry, nervousness, caution or reluctance. they might wake from their nightmares feeling reserved, aware of their surroundings, uncomfortable or unnerved. they might wake like nothing happened, quickly recovering and proceeding with their day. it's also possible they may wake and maintain an external mask of 'feeling fine', but are internally disturbed, unsettled, anxious or feel unsafe for the rest of the day.

it's common for the intensity of the traumatic event to correlate with the intensity of reliving it. these disorders are heavily based around fear, regardless of how subdued or extreme ( depending on hyperarousal state ), and therefore reactivity upon awakening can be as pronounced as reactivity during the event or the complete opposite end of the scale.

they're not one-size fits all diagnoses. symptoms may vary depending on the trauma itself. for example, an abuse survivor may experience differing symptoms to a war veteran. an individual that suffered a traumatic crash might exhibit different symptoms to a survivor of an animal attack. this doesn't make one worse or more severe than the other, fear is experienced uniquely for every individual and thus intensity is too. the same way a character with a minimalised or desensitised fear response might experience trauma differently to someone with a typical fear response, despite living through the same trauma, etc.

your character might compartmentalise. if this is the case, they essentially shut away the fear to be processed for another time — or not at all. and this isn't always by choice, as it can be entirely subconscious. this can give the impression that they remain unaffected by the nightmare, when really they're either choosing not to face it or involuntarily protecting themselves. equally, your character might not be able to stop looping the nightmare in their head for the coming days and weeks. it's important to note that this repetition can weigh on you, making you tired, short-tempered, reactive or hyperaware, etc. it might impact interactions with other characters or with your character's own self. tolerance, patience, decision making and sense of control might shift. it might influence the decision to turn to substance abuse or general medication.

it's very important to acknowledge that nightmares themselves can vary. in perspective, intention, location, meaning — for example, an abuse survivor's nightmare might place them into the role of the abuser ( for intentions such as trying to comprehend their abuser's actions through their own self. ) a crash survivor might perceive the event from an outsider's perspective, or from the perspective of the other individual involved. there are also cases where familiar faces, friends, family, trusted people, etc, might step into an abusive, inappropriate or exploitative role — potentially as a way for the mind to process injustice or the enabling of a traumatic event. nightmares that enact, re-enact or represent inappropriate / taboo things can be extremely difficult to experience, as individuals may feel they can't safely discuss them without judgement or abandonment. this can lead to feelings of shame, self-doubt and confusion.

it's also not uncommon for nightmares to make little sense. individuals responsible for your character's trauma might simply make an appearance, their presence being enough to unnerve but not necessarily an active participant in the nightmare. additionally, your character might be witness to a traumatic event that happened to them in their nightmare, or hear about it on the news etc rather than a direct experience.

these disorders can be co-morbid with other conditions / disorders. going off of this, it's worth considering the fact that nightmares can impact sleep — whether that be ability, willingness / desire or consistency. maybe your character needs medical assistance in sleeping, faces insomnia or restlessness, can't stay asleep or sleeps for too long. maybe they have to nap regularly due to a lack of sleep or mental / physical exhaustion ( because nightmares can make you feel as though you haven't slept when you have ), or they feel wired and hyperaroused and can't focus or concentrate when awake. sleep-walking is another one to consider. it can also trigger the development of physical illness.

nightmares can feel extremely real. waking up doesn't always provide relief. that being said, waking up naturally can sometimes mean you're less likely to remember than if you were to be woken or were to wake yourself. this varies for each individual. because of this, the ability to come down from a nightmare varies. sometimes, routines can help — calming processes to encourage relaxation, or things such as video games or reading to provide distractions, etc. it is possible for nightmares to trigger other symptoms, upon waking.

while it's entirely possible, and valid, to explore your character waking violently ( physical violence ) as this can happen for some, this is a stereotype portrayed in a lot of media that depicts ptsd and c-ptsd havers as aggressive, violent or dangerous. equally, violent action doesn't always mean violent intention or desire. please be cautious and respectful of enabling stereotypes such as these, they do create stigma. if you decide to pursue physical reactivity to nightmares for your character, be sure to do your research rather than copying what you saw in a movie.

overall, it's important you make the effort to correctly and respectfully portray your characters' ptsd and / or c-ptsd, regardless of whether they're a side character or primary, instead of leaning into stereotypes and potential stigma. and if you're ever unsure, ask! no one should get upset at you for wanting to learn more, as long as you've tried to find out first, because the mental health community isn't your own personal encyclopaedia.

i'd appreciate no one adding to this post but you're more than welcome to reblog. instead, if you have something you feel could be a beneficial addition, send it over to my asks! i'd like to avoid the risk of misinformation being spread where possible.

[orchidbreezefc]

the real problem with propagation: observation collapsing potentialities

time for another theory about the mechanics of time travel in woe.begone! the first one is [here]. i'm pretty confident that we've really cracked the case this time. thanks @solipsistful , @fortunechaos , and @whirlwindsworld for helping hammer this out!

let's talk about schrödinger's cat; the actual proposal, in which the cat literally is both dead and alive until the box is opened. both outcomes are actually, literally real, so long as you don't know which one it is. once you open that box and find out for sure, that becomes the only real outcome; the alternative is erased. the very observation of a state is what ensures it.

i believe propagation boils down to being such an observation, and that's why it's dangerous. knowing about an event prior to its occurrence sets that event in stone. knowing the outcome makes it the only real outcome; the alternative is erased.

some events in w.bg appear to be inevitable in every timeline. history doesn't repeat itself, but it rhymes. you can change or remove the causal factors that lead to certain events happening, and circumstances rearrange themselves so that the event happens anyway. even if you take away the instigator, 357A still explodes, and hunter still receives a scar. even if you take michael out of the timeline, cowboy influence still leaks in. even if you take mike walters out of the timeline--well. it seems like you can't.

i believe these inevitable events, these cross-timeline constants, were each caused by propagation. mike gets the cauliflower ear in different circumstances than the ones in which michael got his--we don't know how different, but michael's circumstances didn't involve two other mikes present, so, definitely different. the cauliflower ear seems inevitable. it's also an example of propagation--mike sees michael with this injury before it happens to himself. the awareness of this injury is propagated into 2022 through michael's mere visibility, and so becomes inevitable.

consider also edgar's death. michael is excruciatingly clear that it's inevitable--there is no way to prevent it with time meddling, because if there were, he would have found it. he spent 2 years trying. he probably dragged edgar to an MRI every month to pinpoint the exact day the brain bleed manifested, and then tried every form of treatment, catching it as early as temporally possible. nothing worked. michael is very clear that this will happen to the other mikes' edgars as well. it is a certainty in every timeline.

and we know the awareness of edgar's death was propagated! mustardseed's scheme was prompted by learning about his own death. the fact of learning about it is what set the outcome in stone. that's why edgar's so strict on propagation and michael is uncharacteristically studious about following this one rule. it's what made edgar's early death immutable fact.

mike talks about collapsed potentialities. he says how at one point in your life you could have become an astronaut, but eventually the potentialities collapsed until that outcome became impossible. you lost your chance. and you know it's impossible--not in a literal time travel sense, but maybe intentionality counts for something after all. you know you won't be an astronaut. you won't pursue that path. and so the potentiality collapses. the 'not being an astronaut' outcome becomes inevitable.

in my previous post i touched on the fact that the boulders and continuous corrections technology seem to be the exception to the general implication that only one timeline can exist at once in woe.begone. we are given to understand continuous corrections can briefly bring alternative timelines into being without overwriting the current timeline, and the boulders can be used to send information to iterations in timelines that shouldn't currently exist.

we know little about those two technologies, but what we do know is that both of them are used for sharing information and making observations. edgar uses continuous corrections for the specific purpose of observing alternative scenarios. edgar says intentionality is an uncertain hypothesis but that it's the best model they have to explain certain things; i think observation is a form of intentionality unto itself. how else do you classify the complete certainty something is going to happen?

[mcatmemoranda]

Rheumatoid Arthritis:

Refer to rheumatologist.

●Nonpharmacologic measures – Nonpharmacologic measures, such as patient education, psychosocial interventions, and physical and occupational therapy, should be used in addition to drug therapy. Other medical interventions that are important in the comprehensive management of RA in all stages of disease include cardiovascular risk reduction and immunizations to decrease the risk of complications of drug therapies.

●Initiation of DMARD therapy soon after RA diagnosis – We suggest that all patients diagnosed with RA be started on disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy as soon as possible following diagnosis, rather than using antiinflammatory drugs alone, such as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids (Grade 2C). Better outcomes are achieved by early compared with delayed intervention with DMARDs.

●Tight control of disease activity – Tight control treatment strategies to "treat to target" are associated with improved radiographic and functional outcomes compared with less aggressive approaches. Such strategies involve reassessment of disease activity on a regularly planned basis with the use of quantitative composite measures and adjustment of treatment regimens to quickly achieve and maintain control of disease activity if targeted treatment goals (remission or low disease activity) have not been achieved. (

●Pretreatment evaluation – Laboratory testing prior to therapy should include a complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), aminotransferases, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine. Patients receiving hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) should have a baseline ophthalmologic examination, and most patients who will receive a biologic agent or Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor should be tested for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection. Screening for hepatitis B and C should be performed in all patients. Some patients may require antiviral treatment prior to initiating DMARD or immunosuppressive therapy, depending upon their level of risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation.

●Adjunctive use of antiinflammatory agents – We use antiinflammatory drugs, including NSAIDs and glucocorticoids, as bridging therapies to rapidly achieve control of inflammation until DMARDs are sufficiently effective. Some patients may benefit from longer-term therapy with low doses of glucocorticoids.

●Drug therapy for flares – RA has natural exacerbations (also known as flares) and reductions of continuing disease activity. The severity of the flare and background drug therapy influence the choice of therapies. Patients who require multiple treatment courses with glucocorticoids for recurrent disease flares and whose medication doses have been increased to the maximally tolerated or acceptable level should be treated as patients with sustained disease activity. Such patients require modifications of their baseline drug therapies.

●Monitoring – The monitoring that we perform on a regular basis includes testing that is specific to evaluation of the safety of the drugs being; periodic assessments of disease activity with composite measures; monitoring for extraarticular manifestations of RA, other disease complications, and joint injury; and functional assessment.

●Other factors affecting target and choice of therapy – Other factors in RA management that may influence the target or choice of therapy include the disabilities or functional limitations important to a given patient, progressive joint injury, comorbidities, and the presence of adverse prognostic factors.

Osteoarthritis

General principles – General principles of osteoarthritis (OA) management include providing continuous care that is tailored to the patient according to individual needs, goals, and values and should be patient-centered. Treatment can be optimized by OA and self-management education, establishing treatment goals, and periodic monitoring.

●Monitoring and assessment – The management of OA should include a holistic assessment which considers the global needs of the patient. Patient preferences for certain types of therapies should also be assessed, as compliance and outcomes can be compromised if the care plan does not meet the patient's preferences and beliefs.

●Overview of management – The goals of OA management are to minimize pain, optimize function, and beneficially modify the process of joint damage. The primary aim of clinicians should include targeting modifiable risk factors. Due to the modest effects of the individual treatment options, a combination of therapeutic approaches is commonly used in practice and should prioritize therapies that are safer.

●Nonpharmacologic therapy – Nonpharmacologic interventions are the mainstay of OA management and should be tried first, followed by or in concert with medications to relieve pain when necessary. Nonpharmacologic therapies including weight management and exercises, braces and foot orthoses for patients suitable to these interventions, education, and use of assistive devices when required.

●Pharmacologic therapy – The main medications used in the pharmacologic management of OA include oral and topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Other options include topical capsaicin, duloxetine, and intraarticular glucocorticoids. Our general approach to pharmacotherapy is described below.

•In patients with one or a few joints affected, especially knee and/or hand OA, we initiate pharmacotherapy with topical NSAIDs due to their similar efficacy compared with oral NSAIDs and their better safety profile.

•We use oral NSAIDs in patients with inadequate symptom relief with topical NSAIDs, patients with symptomatic OA in multiple joints, and/or patients with hip OA. We use the lowest dose required to control the patient's symptoms on an as-needed basis.

•We use duloxetine for patients with OA in multiple joints and concomitant comorbidities that may contraindicate oral NSAIDs and for patients with knee OA who have not responded satisfactorily to other interventions.

•Topical capsaicin is an option when one or a few joints are involved and other interventions are ineffective or contraindicated; however, its use may be limited by common local side effects.

•We do not routinely use intraarticular glucocorticoid injections due to the short duration of its effects (ie, approximately four weeks).

•We avoid prescribing opioids due to their overall small effects on pain over placebo and potential side effects (eg, nausea, dizziness, drowsiness), especially for long-term use and in the older adult population.

•We do not routinely recommend nutritional supplements such as glucosamine, chondroitin, vitamin D, diacerein, avocado soybean unsaponifiables (ASU), and fish oil due to a lack of clear evidence demonstrating a clinically important benefit from these supplements. Other nutritional supplements of interest that may have small effects on symptoms include curcumin (active ingredient of turmeric) and/or Boswellia serrata, but the data are limited.

●Role of surgery – Surgical treatment is dominated by total joint replacement, which is highly effective in patients with advanced knee and hip OA when conservative therapies have failed to provide adequate pain relief.

●Factors affecting response to therapy – The discordance of radiographic findings to pain supports the notion that the mechanisms of pain are complex and likely multifactorial. The placebo effect is also known to impact response to therapy.

●Prognosis – Although there is great variability among individuals and among different phenotypes of OA, courses of pain and physical functioning have been found to be predominantly stable, without substantial improvement or deterioration of symptoms over time.

[expertacademicassignmenthelp]

Breast Cancer

Introduction

Breast cancer, a multifaceted and prevalent disease, poses a significant health challenge globally, transcending gender lines with its potential impact. Characterized by the abnormal proliferation of cells within breast tissue, breast cancer’s complex etiology remains an area of intense study and concern. Despite notable advancements in medical science and increased awareness, it continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This comprehensive discussion aims to delve into the intricacies of breast cancer, encompassing its causes, risk factors, prevention strategies, diagnostic modalities, treatment options, and the evolving landscape of supportive care.

Causes and Risk Factors

Understanding the underlying causes and risk factors associated with breast cancer is paramount in developing effective prevention and management strategies. While the precise etiology of breast cancer remains elusive, various genetic, hormonal, environmental, and lifestyle factors contribute to its onset and progression. Genetic predispositions, such as mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, significantly elevate the risk of developing breast cancer. Additionally, hormonal influences, including early onset of menstruation, late menopause, and hormone replacement therapy, play a crucial role in disease pathogenesis. Lifestyle factors such as excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, lack of physical activity, and exposure to environmental carcinogens further augment the risk profile.

Preventive Measures

Empowering individuals with knowledge about preventive measures is essential in mitigating the burden of breast cancer. Promoting regular breast self-examinations, clinical breast examinations, and mammographic screenings facilitates early detection and intervention. Emphasizing lifestyle modifications, including maintaining a healthy weight, adopting a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, limiting alcohol intake, and engaging in regular physical activity, can reduce the risk of breast cancer. For individuals with a heightened risk due to genetic predispositions or familial history, prophylactic surgeries, such as mastectomy or oophorectomy, and chemo preventive agents offer viable preventive options.

Diagnostic Modalities

Advances in diagnostic modalities have revolutionized the early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer, enabling prompt initiation of treatment and improved clinical outcomes. Mammography remains the cornerstone of breast cancer screening, capable of detecting abnormalities such as microcalcifications, masses, or architectural distortions. Complementary imaging techniques, including ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and molecular breast imaging (MBI), enhance diagnostic accuracy, particularly in women with dense breast tissue or high-risk profiles. Biopsy procedures, such as core needle biopsy or surgical excision, facilitate histopathological examination, enabling precise diagnosis and classification of breast lesions.

Treatment Options

Tailoring treatment strategies to individual patient characteristics and disease parameters is essential in optimizing therapeutic outcomes in breast cancer. The treatment landscape encompasses a multidisciplinary approach, integrating surgical, medical, and radiation oncology interventions. Surgical options range from breast-conserving surgeries, such as lumpectomy or segmental mastectomy, to radical procedures like total mastectomy or modified radical mastectomy, depending on tumor size, location, and extent of spread. Adjuvant therapies, including chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, aim to eradicate residual disease, prevent recurrence, and improve overall survival. Radiation therapy, administered either postoperatively or as a primary modality in selected cases, targets residual tumor cells, minimizing locoregional recurrence rates.

Supportive Care and Survivorship

Recognizing the holistic needs of breast cancer patients and survivors is integral in promoting comprehensive care and ensuring optimal quality of life. Supportive care interventions, including symptom management, psychosocial support, nutritional counseling, and rehabilitation services, address the multifaceted challenges associated with cancer diagnosis and treatment. Survivorship programs, focusing on survivorship care planning, surveillance for recurrence, long-term monitoring of treatment-related complications, and health promotion initiatives, facilitate the transition from active treatment to survivorship. Engaging patients and caregivers in survivorship care planning fosters empowerment, resilience, and a sense of agency in navigating the post-treatment phase.

Conclusion

In conclusion, breast cancer represents a formidable health challenge with profound implications for affected individuals, families, and communities worldwide. While significant strides have been made in understanding its pathophysiology, enhancing diagnostic capabilities, and expanding treatment options, concerted efforts are warranted to address existing gaps in prevention, early detection, and access to care. By fostering collaborative partnerships among stakeholders, advocating for evidence-based interventions, and promoting health equity, we can strive towards a future where breast cancer incidence and mortality rates are substantially reduced. Through continued innovation, education, and advocacy, we can transform the landscape of breast cancer care, offering hope, support, and healing to those impacted by this pervasive disease.

We wish you all the best in your medical education journey. In case you need any guidance or assistance during the learning process, do not hesitate to reach out to us.

Email at;

williamsassignmenthelpfredrick@gmail.com

[wyola-normiss]

The Tenth House (horary)

Will my project be successful?

Analysis:

10 house: Symbolizes the project, its potential and the possibility of success. The manager of the 10th house: shows the factors that can influence the outcome of the project. Ruler of the 5th house: Symbolizes creativity, initiative, and efforts that are invested in the project. The Sun: The planet of success, recognition, power and influence.

Example:

Ruler 10 houses in a harmonious aspect with the Sun: This may indicate that the project will be successful and bring recognition.

The steward of the 10th house is in conflict with the steward of the 5th house: this may indicate difficulties in the implementation of the project due to lack of resources, creative impulse or support.

(Questions asked in the context of 10 at home can help you understand how to develop a professional life, what steps to take to achieve goals, or what hinders successful career growth.)

It is also no less important to find out if the boss will raise the salary. In this case, an analysis of the position of the steward of the 10th house will help to understand how favorable the circumstances are in the working environment. If the connections or aspects point to a positive, it may mean that your work will be appreciated properly.

How is my mom's health?

Analysis:

10 house: Symbolizes the mother as an important figure in the life of the questioner. The steward of the 10th house: shows the factors that can affect the health of the mother. Moon: Symbolizes health, emotions and feelings. The ruler of the 6th house: symbolizes health, illness, and treatment.

Example:

The ruler of the 10th house in conjunction with the Moon in the sign of Aquarius: This may indicate that Mom may have some health problems related to the nervous system, but she has a strong spirit and can recover quickly.

The steward of the 10th house is in conflict with the steward of the 6th house: this may indicate that the mother may need medical attention or treatment.

For example, the question "Is it worth getting this job?" It opens up an opportunity for us to look at the planets that control the 10th house. By checking the position of Saturn or Mercury, you can assess how well this work meets your long-term goals.

Also, by asking the question "Is the judge in the case corrupt?", we can consider the influence of Jupiter and Pluto on the current legal situation. Also, the question about meeting mom on the weekend is "Will I meet mom on the weekend?" It can reveal aspects of the Moon and Venus that help to understand the emotional connection and support within the family. A proper analysis of these issues can provide meaningful foresight and guide you on the right path.

Another interesting question may sound like this: "What skills should I develop for successful career growth?" Here the key point will be the study of the third and ninth houses, which are related to learning and knowledge transfer.

Will I have a trial?

Analysis:

10th house: symbolizes judge, prosecutor, jury, justice. The steward of the 10th house: shows the factors that can influence the court's decision. The ruler of the 7th house: symbolizes relationships, cooperation, conflicts, contracts. Mars: The planet of conflict, struggle, aggression.

Example:

The ruler of the 10th house in conflict with Mars: this may indicate the possibility of litigation related to conflict, dispute, or violence.

The steward of the 10th house in a harmonious aspect with the steward of the 7th house: This may indicate that the trial will be resolved amicably or through mediation.

Another important point is the attitude towards the Sun, which also symbolizes personal ambitions. If the Sun forms harmonious aspects to the planets from the 10th house, this may indicate support from colleagues and superiors. It will be important to test several questions linked to different time periods in order to more accurately predict the position of the person interested in the professional field.

There are also often questions about the desire to change a profession or go into another field.

The First House (horary)- "I myself"

The Second House (horary) - "My resources"

The Third House (horary) -"Household"

The Fourth House (horary) - "Homeland"

The Firth House (horary) - "creativity"

The Sixth House (horary) - "ailments"

The Seventh House (horary) - "other people"

[drsanjaygupta-1]

Best Orthopaedic Doctor Vaishali Ghaziabad

Finding the Best Orthopaedic Doctor in Vaishali, Ghaziabad: A Spotlight on Dr. Sanjay Gupta

When it comes to maintaining a healthy, active lifestyle, your bones and joints play a crucial role. Whether you're dealing with chronic pain, a recent injury, or looking to prevent future issues, finding the right orthopaedic doctor is essential. For residents of Vaishali, Ghaziabad, Dr. Sanjay Gupta stands out as a top choice for orthopaedic care. In this blog, we'll explore why Dr. Gupta is highly regarded and what makes his practice a leading option for those seeking expert orthopaedic treatment.

Why Choose Dr. Sanjay Gupta?

Expertise and Experience: Dr. Sanjay Gupta brings a wealth of experience to his practice. With years of specialized training and hands-on experience in orthopaedics, he is well-versed in diagnosing and treating a wide range of musculoskeletal issues. His expertise encompasses everything from sports injuries and fractures to complex joint replacements and spinal surgeries.

Comprehensive Care: One of the hallmarks of Dr. Gupta’s practice is his commitment to providing comprehensive care. He doesn’t just treat the symptoms; he focuses on understanding the root cause of your issues and developing a personalized treatment plan. This approach ensures that patients receive care that is tailored to their specific needs, leading to more effective outcomes.

State-of-the-Art Facilities: Dr. Gupta’s clinic is equipped with the latest diagnostic tools and treatment technologies. This allows him to provide precise diagnoses and cutting-edge treatments. Whether it's advanced imaging techniques or minimally invasive surgical options, patients benefit from the best that modern medicine has to offer.

Patient-Centric Approach: At Dr. Gupta’s clinic, the patient always comes first. He emphasizes clear communication and ensures that patients fully understand their condition and treatment options. His empathetic approach helps in alleviating the anxiety often associated with orthopaedic issues and empowers patients to make informed decisions about their care.

Positive Patient Outcomes: Dr. Gupta’s track record speaks for itself. His patients often commend him for his skillful treatment and the positive impact it has had on their quality of life. Many have reported significant improvements in mobility and pain relief, contributing to enhanced overall well-being.

What to Expect During Your Visit

When you visit Dr. Gupta for an orthopaedic consultation, you can expect a thorough evaluation. He will take the time to discuss your symptoms, medical history, and any concerns you might have. Following a detailed examination, he will recommend a treatment plan that could include physical therapy, medication, or surgical options, depending on your condition.

Dr. Gupta’s approach is holistic, addressing not just the immediate issue but also considering factors that might contribute to your musculoskeletal health in the long term. His goal is to ensure that you not only recover but also achieve optimal functional recovery.

Getting in Touch

If you’re in Vaishali, Ghaziabad, and are seeking expert orthopaedic care, Dr. Sanjay Gupta is a name you can trust. For appointments or more information about his services, visit Dr. Sanjay Gupta’s website or call his clinic directly.

Final Thoughts

Choosing the right orthopaedic doctor is a critical decision that can greatly influence your recovery and overall health. Dr. Sanjay Gupta’s expertise, combined with his patient-centric approach and advanced facilities, makes him an excellent choice for anyone in need of orthopaedic care in Vaishali, Ghaziabad. Don’t let musculoskeletal issues hold you back—reach out to Dr. Gupta and take the first step towards a healthier, pain-free future.

📍 Location: Unit 3D - 5L, Wave City Center, Sector 32, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301 🌐 Website: https://drsanjaygupta.info/

[covid-safer-hotties]

No Amount of Hand-Washing Can Make COVID-19 a Seasonal Virus - Published Aug 14, 2024

Needless to say, words have meaning. The selection of words modulates the message understood by the receiver. With regard to COVID, terms such as “seasonal”, “like a cold”, and “like the flu” can be selected by writers to paint a portrait that lulls the reader into a false sense of security, drawing comparisons between a virus that has been around for less than five years to other viruses or conditions with respect to which the audience has grown familiar with. Moreover, even stock photos selected for certain news articles can subtly influence your response to the content expressed in that piece. A selected photo of a person gently cradling a tissue paper over their nose, instead of a person waiting for treatment in the ER, may give off the impression that they are harmlessly recovering from a tear-jerking soap opera instead of from a viral illness. In fact, we want to believe that COVID-19 is as gentle as a cold, as this outcome is far more pleasing, so this skewed presentation of the risk is far more palatable than what is expressed in the scientific literature.

However, COVID-19 is not a cold or the flu. Understanding that this virus is not a seasonal nuisance like the common cold is crucial in the fight against it, as explained herein.

We emphasize that the purpose of this piece is to correct some of the language circulating in the media and to arm you with accurate information so that you can make reasoned decisions that are aligned with your health goals. As much as an athlete who is training for a triathlon may want to avoid regularly smoking or taking recreational drugs, COVID-19 should be factored into your day-to-day health decisions, especially if you are conscious about achieving a greater healthy lifespan.

But before delving into a comparison between COVID-19 and the flu, here is a primer on COVID-19.

A COVID-19 Primer Long Term Risk COVID-19 continues to present an important risk to your long-term health. This means that after you test negative, you can still develop medical conditions or disorders that can impact your quality of life as a result of that COVID infection. In other words, the cost of COVID on your life is not just the loss that you experience as you wait for your negative test. While individuals can remain infectious for an average of 10 days [1], the disease often takes a toll that can manifest months to even years after your acute-stage infection. COVID can take away the opportunity of a professional athlete to join a national team, or from competing in an Olympic event for which the athlete has been training for years [2]. COVID can rob a doctor, a nurse, a teacher, or a lawyer, of a successful career. COVID can disrupt the health of a family. And this can happen after every infection, not just after your first infection. The odds of developing long-term conditions add up after each infection. Despite reducing the risk to varying degrees ranging from 15% to 50%, vaccinations do not eliminate the problem. For these reasons, it is important for you to appreciate how, and when, COVID circulates and can infect you.

How Do You Catch COVID? COVID spreads principally through the air. This means that handwashing is not the key solution for keeping you safe from COVID. Now, handwashing is a good practice, but you need to become mindful of the air that you breathe in order to protect your health and future, as well as those of your loved ones, from this disease. Just like you would not drink stagnant water from a pond in the city, do not inhale unfiltered dirty air. You can filter your air by wearing N95 masks (respirators) or better. Favor outdoor air over indoor air. Clean the indoor air by using HEPA filters to remove the virus. Dilute contaminated indoor air by bringing in clean outdoor air through ventilation. The World Health Network has released numerous resources on this topic [3-5].

When Does COVID Spread? The Myth Regarding Seasonality News outlets have been circulating the premise that COVID is a seasonal virus, with little-to-no transmission during the warmer days of the year. However, at the time of writing this piece, in Summer 2024, the U.S., the UK, and many countries around the world are currently experiencing a major COVID wave.

We have learned over the last few years that COVID-19 does not follow seasonal patterns. COVID waves are not merely a fall or winter phenomenon, nor do they follow any other predictable seasonal pattern.

This distinction from seasonal pathogens, such as influenza, is crucial for several reasons and highlights the unique challenges and dangers posed by this novel coronavirus. As seasonal viruses infect people predominantly in the cold winter months, this makes those colder months more dangerous and other months less dangerous for those viruses. Examples of such diseases include the flu, rhinovirus, RSV, parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, enteroviruses, and human metapneumovirus.

Read the rest of the article and access the sources at either link!

[soniez]

Choosing the Right Gastrointestinal Tract Drug – Factors to Consider

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex system responsible for digestion and absorption of nutrients.  Given its critical function, disorders affecting the GI tract can significantly impact overall health and quality of life.  Selecting the right medication to treat these conditions is essential for effective management and recovery.  Centurion HealthCare, a leading gastrointestinal tract drugs supplier in India, offers a range of high-quality medications designed to address various GI disorders.  In this article, we will explore the factors to consider when choosing the right gastrointestinal tract drug, and why Centurion HealthCare stands out in the best pharmaceutical industry in India.

Understanding Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

GI tract disorders encompass a wide range of conditions affecting different parts of the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.  Common GI disorders include:

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Hepatitis

Pancreatitis

Each condition requires specific treatment strategies and medications to manage symptoms, promote healing, and prevent complications.

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Gastrointestinal Tract Drug

Choosing the right drug for treating GI disorders involves multiple factors, including the specific condition, the patient’s medical history, and potential side effects.  Here are key considerations:

1.   Accurate Diagnosis

An accurate diagnosis is the first step in selecting the appropriate medication.  Physicians use various diagnostic tools such as endoscopy, colonoscopy, imaging studies, and laboratory tests to identify the specific GI disorder.  Understanding the underlying cause and severity of the condition is crucial for effective treatment.

2.   Mechanism of Action

Different gastrointestinal tract drugs work through various mechanisms to achieve therapeutic effects.  Understanding how a drug works helps in selecting the most suitable option.  Common mechanisms include:

Antacids:  Neutralize stomach acid, providing quick relief from heartburn and indigestion.

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs):  Reduce the production of stomach acid, effective in treating GERD and peptic ulcers.

H2 Receptor Antagonists:  Decrease acid production by blocking histamine receptors in the stomach lining.

Prokinetics:  Enhance gut motility, useful in conditions like gastroparesis.

Antispasmodics:  Relieve intestinal cramps and spasms, often used in IBS treatment.

Anti-inflammatory Drugs:  Reduce inflammation in the GI tract, essential for managing IBD.

3.   Efficacy and Safety

The efficacy and safety profile of a drug are critical factors in the decision-making process.  Clinical trials and real-world studies provide valuable information on a drug’s effectiveness and potential side effects.  Physicians must weigh the benefits against the risks to ensure the chosen medication offers the best possible outcome for the patient.

4.   Patient-Specific Factors

Each patient is unique, and various individual factors can influence drug selection.  These include:

Age:  Certain drugs may be more suitable for children, adults, or the elderly.

Medical History:  Pre-existing conditions, such as kidney or liver disease, can affect drug metabolism and tolerance.

Allergies:  Patients with known drug allergies must avoid medications that could trigger adverse reactions.

Concurrent Medications:  Drug interactions can impact efficacy and safety, requiring careful consideration of all medications the patient is currently taking.

5.   Route of Administration

The route of administration can affect the drug’s efficacy and patient compliance.  Common routes for GI drugs include:

Oral:  Tablets, capsules, and liquids are convenient for most patients.

Intravenous:  Used in severe cases or when oral administration is not feasible.

Topical:  Suppositories and enemas are used for localized treatment in the lower GI tract.

6.   Cost and Availability

Cost can be a significant factor, especially for long-term treatments.  Generic versions of drugs often offer the same efficacy as brand-name medications at a lower cost.  Availability of the drug in the local market is also crucial to ensure uninterrupted treatment.

Centurion HealthCare:  Leading the Way in GI Tract Drug Supply

Centurion HealthCare has established itself as a premier gastrointestinal tract drugs supplier in India, renowned for its commitment to quality, innovation, and patient care.  Here’s why Centurion HealthCare is a trusted name in the best pharmaceutical industry in India:

1.   Comprehensive Product Range

Centurion HealthCare offers a wide range of gastrointestinal tract drugs, catering to various GI disorders.  Their product portfolio includes antacids, PPIs, H2 receptor antagonists, prokinetics, antispasmodics, and anti-inflammatory medications, ensuring comprehensive treatment options for healthcare providers.

2.   Quality Assurance

Quality is at the heart of Centurion HealthCare’s operations.  The company adheres to stringent quality control measures, from raw material sourcing to final product testing, ensuring that every medication meets international standards for safety and efficacy.

3.   Research and Development

Centurion HealthCare invests heavily in research and development to stay at the forefront of pharmaceutical innovation.  Their R&D team continuously works on developing new formulations and improving existing products to address emerging healthcare needs.

4.   Patient-Centric Approach

Understanding that each patient is unique, Centurion HealthCare adopts a patient-centric approach in drug development and supply.  Their medications are designed to provide maximum therapeutic benefit with minimal side effects, enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life.

5.   Global Reach

As a leading gastrointestinal tract drugs supplier, Centurion HealthCare has a robust distribution network that ensures their products are available not only across India but also in international markets.  Their commitment to excellence has earned them a reputation as a reliable partner for healthcare providers worldwide.

6.   Affordability

Centurion HealthCare is dedicated to making high-quality medications accessible to all.  Their cost-effective solutions, including generic versions of popular GI drugs, help reduce the financial burden on patients while maintaining high standards of care.

Conclusion

Choosing the right gastrointestinal tract drug involves careful consideration of various factors, including accurate diagnosis, mechanism of action, efficacy, safety, patient-specific factors, route of administration, and cost.  Centurion HealthCare, as a leading gastrointestinal tract drugs supplier in India, excels in providing high-quality, effective medications that cater to the diverse needs of patients with GI disorders.

With a commitment to quality, innovation, and patient-centric care, Centurion HealthCare stands out in the best pharmaceutical industry in India.  Their comprehensive product range, stringent quality assurance, advanced R&D, global reach, and affordability make them a trusted partner for healthcare providers seeking reliable solutions for GI tract disorders.

By choosing Centurion HealthCare, you can be confident in the quality and efficacy of the medications you are prescribing or consuming, ensuring the best possible outcomes for gastrointestinal health.

[if-you-fan-a-fire]

"Although some countries had embraced lobotomy earlier, it was only after World War II that psychosurgery made a global breakthrough and spread across Africa, Asia, Oceania, North and South America. In Europe, this post-war surge in its use was not always welcomed with unadulterated enthusiasm. Greece introduced lobotomy in 1947 but the number of referrals was limited. Indeed, most Greek hospitals stopped performing lobotomies in 1951 “because of reports on the dangers of the operation and its unpredictable outcome for the patients.” The last of around 300 operations in the country was carried out in 1955. Psychosurgery was not widespread in neighbouring Turkey either. Approximately, 400 operations on psychiatric patients were performed there— the first in 1950, the last before the end of the decade.

Attitudes were mixed in several Eastern European countries, too. In Russia (the USSR), journals published articles on lobotomy in 1936, and followed up three years later with reviews of Freeman and Watts’s early works. Soviet reviewers were disturbed by the serious complications and high mortality rates reported by Freeman and Watts and concluded that there were “insurmountable obstacles” to recommending the use of lobotomy. None were attempted in the Soviet Union prior to 1944. Although psychosurgery was performed on patients after the war, it was only on a small scale. The precise number is unclear, but according to historian Benjamin Zajcek, a rough estimate based on available documentation suggests 5–600. Soviet psychiatrists did not all agree about lobotomy. Some viewed it as a treatment of “last resort,” and justified its use on the grounds that it helped make patients more manageable in hospitals and allowed some to return to work. Others questioned its efficacy and the theory behind it. During the late 1940s, these debates within Soviet psychiatry became politicised. In 1950, the Soviet Minister of Health signed a decree banning lobotomy. The decree stated that the treatment did not meet the standards of Soviet medical practice, because it was “theoretically unjustified” and “contradicts the fundamental principles of I. P. Pavlov’s physiological theory."

The picture was similar in other Eastern Bloc countries. Poland stopped the operation in 1951 (although it was not banned outright). The Polish critique of psychosurgery was based more on studies of Polish patients, who had derived little benefit from the operations, than on theoretical principles. As Kinga Jeczminska notes in her detailed study of the history of lobotomy in Poland: “the most important factor influencing the attitude of researchers to this method was the analysis of clinical psychiatric symptoms rather than theoretical orientation.” In total, just over 170 patients were lobotomised in Poland.

Psychosurgery seems to have been more widespread in Hungary, where the first operations were performed in Budapest in 1946. Two years later, 173 operations were conducted at six clinics and hospitals around the country. However, Hungarian psychiatrists remained somewhat reticent about the procedure. One article stated, “Prefrontal lobotomy is a method of last resort, and should be performed only after failure of other well-known treatments and prolonged illness."

In Spain, lobotomy was introduced at the National Asylum of Leganes in 1944, and well-known Spanish psychiatrists such as Juan José López Ibor promoted the surgical method. In 1948, Ibor reported on 60 lobotomies on inmates from his neuropsychiatric clinic in Madrid, including patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease.

The idea of psychosurgery as a last resort also permeated articles from German- and French-speaking countries. In Austria, the first lobotomies were performed in Vienna in 1947. The total number is unknown, but historian Marietta Meier estimates around 500. In Switzerland, more than 1,200 operations were carried out between 1946 and 1971. 

Far more operations were performed in France where there were close ties between neurosurgeons and psychiatrists. Many of the early French neurosurgery pioneers like Pierre Puech, Marcel David, Jean Talairach and Jacques le Beau took up lobotomy and experimented with new techniques too. Historical works on French psychosurgery are lacking, but evidence suggests a high level of activity in France. According to a recent study on the history of psychosurgery in Paris, approximately 20,000 operations were performed in France in the period 1946 to 1976.

Like their French peers, British psychiatrists were enthusiastic about lobotomy. A major report on psychosurgical interventions in England and Wales concluded that more than 12,000 such operations were performed in the years 1942–1954. From 1948 onwards, the number exceeded 1,000 per annum. The report examined data on 10,365 patients. The authors concluded that “up to 1955 leucotomy was for most patients the last therapeutic resort beyond which lay a future with almost no hope of recovery and with considerable suffering,” and that “the survey shows that there was greater improvement than would have been expected without surgery.”

In some European countries, psychiatrists often claimed that they placed stricter requirements on indications than in England and the United States. Articles by Belgian, German, Austrian and Swiss doctors emphasised that psychosurgery should be a last resort, reserved for patients who had spent prolonged periods in hospital, and for whom all other treatments had failed. They also noted that their colleagues in England and the United States did not share this belief, as in these countries there was a more “indiscriminate use of the treatment.”"

- Jesper Vaczy Kragh, Lobotomy Nation: The History of Psychosurgery and Psychiatry in Denmark (Springer: 2021) p. 219-222.

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Investing In Confidence Exploring Hair Transplant Costs In The UK

Hair loss can significantly impact one's self-esteem and confidence. Fortunately, advancements in medical technology, particularly hair transplantation, offer a promising solution to combat hair loss and restore a full head of hair. However, for individuals considering hair transplant procedures in the UK, understanding the associated costs is essential. In this article, we delve into the intricacies of hair transplant UK costs, exploring factors that influence pricing and providing insights into investing in confidence through hair restoration procedures.

Understanding Hair Transplant Costs

Hair transplant costs in the UK can vary widely depending on several factors:

Type of Procedure: The two primary methods of hair transplantation are follicular unit extraction (FUE) and follicular unit transplantation (FUT). FUE tends to be more expensive due to its meticulous nature and advanced technology involved.

Extent of Hair Loss: The severity and extent of hair loss influence the complexity and duration of the procedure, consequently affecting the overall cost.

Clinic Reputation and Location: Established clinics in prime locations may charge higher fees due to overhead costs, reputation, and demand.

Surgeon's Expertise: Highly experienced and renowned surgeons may command higher fees for their expertise and track record of successful procedures.

Additional Services: Pre-operative consultations, post-operative care, and follow-up appointments may be included in the total cost or charged separately.

Exploring Average Costs

On average, hair transplant costs in the UK range from £3,000 to £10,000 or more, depending on the factors mentioned above. FUE procedures typically start at around £5,000, while FUT procedures may be slightly less expensive, starting at approximately £4,000. However, these are rough estimates, and actual costs can vary significantly based on individual circumstances and clinic pricing structures.

Investing in Confidence

While the upfront cost of a hair transplant may seem significant, it's essential to consider the long-term benefits and the boost in confidence that comes with a restored hairline. For many individuals, regaining a full head of hair can lead to improved self-image, increased self-assurance, and enhanced quality of life. Investing in a hair transplant is not just about restoring hair; it's about investing in one's confidence and overall well-being.

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Clinic

When researching hair transplant clinics in the UK, it's crucial to consider several factors beyond cost:

Reputation and Reviews: Look for clinics with positive reviews and testimonials from satisfied patients.

Surgeon Credentials: Research the qualifications, experience, and track record of the surgeons performing the procedures.

Technology and Facilities: Opt for clinics equipped with state-of-the-art technology and modern facilities to ensure optimal outcomes and patient comfort.

Patient Care and Support: Evaluate the level of personalized care and support offered by the clinic throughout the entire treatment process.

Transparent Pricing: Choose a clinic that provides transparent pricing structures and comprehensive information about what's included in the cost of the procedure.

Conclusion

Hair transplant costs in the UK can vary depending on several factors, including the type of procedure, extent of hair loss, clinic reputation, and surgeon expertise. While the initial investment may seem significant, the long-term benefits in terms of restored confidence and improved quality of life are invaluable. Investing in a hair transplant is not just about regaining hair; it's about investing in one's self-esteem and sense of well-being. By thoroughly researching clinics, considering all relevant factors, and making an informed decision, individuals can embark on a journey to restore their hair and confidence with confidence.