#exception handling in java
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Top five small birds go
PICKING ONLY 5 is CRUEL but I don't have time for 10. Species names will have the links to photo sources where applicable.
Long-tailed Manakin. They take like 4-5 years for the males to learn their dances and each year they look a little more like adults to match their experience! They are little and yet have very long tails!! And cute little caps! Very elegant tiny birds.
(Photo by me, bird handled and released on site with permits as part of MoSI, a long-running collaborative research program).
2. Wrentit. Look past the plain gray exterior, let me teach you some BIRD FACTS because these guys are basically aliens. They live in a very small part of the west coast of North America in scrub/chaparral, and we still don't really know how they got there or where their nearest relatives are or what birds they're even related to, though recently they think maybe it's parrotbills, which are otherwise mostly found in SE Asia.
During the breeding season, most female birds develop a brood patch, a section of bare skin on the belly for aiding in heat transfer to the eggs, and most male birds develop a swollen cloaca to facilitate sperm transfer. In some species where males help incubate, they also get brood patches. This is fine. Male Wrentits get brood patches. A little weird but not too crazy. Female Wrentits, however, get a swollen cloaca? Why?? Nothing else in North America does this? I don't.... understand.
Also they're cute, they have a song that's like a bouncy ball going down stairs, and males and females have slightly different songs, so even though we can't determine the sex in the hand like with normal birds, at least if they sing you can tell. Normal birds don't sing when being handled. Wrentits definitely sometimes do. I don't get it. But I love them for it.
(Photo mine, bird banded and released on site with permits as part of MAPS, a long-term research program).
3. Calliope Hummingbird. Itty bitty tiny creature, would absolutely spear you to death with its face if it thought it could pull that off. Hummingbirds in general are territorial and aggressive and these guys are no exception. Also they're beautiful. Look at that starburst of a face!
(I have photos but don't want to go dig them up, I'm lazy)
4. Java Sparrow. Help, I'm hopelessly charmed by how adorable they are. Unfortunately, apparently everyone else is too, and these are now critically endangered in their home range of Java due to habitat loss and poaching for the pet trade. The good?? news is they're also super invasive in places like Hawaii, so they're not about to go globally extinct, so that's cool, I guess.
5. Micronesian Rufous Fantail, formerly just Rufous Fantail, aka chichirika na'abak because look I don't know proper indigenous names for everything but I do for my study birds and I support their use. Chichirika is CHamoru for "showoff" and na'abak is "the one who will lead you astray", after the local stories of kids trying to follow these delightful little low-flitting creatures through the jungles and getting hopelessly lost, leading to village search parties.
Anyway, look at that tail!! Go listen to their cute little squeaks! I'm absolutely in love. I've banded literal hundreds of these and they never ever get old. Every single one of them is a treasure to me.
(Photo by me, bird banded and released on site as part of my very most beloved own tropical forest bird research program in the Northern Mariana Islands).
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Part 2 of three… Thank you for all the comments and messages!
CEO Yoongi x Female Barista/College Student Reader
Title: Cold Brewed Love
Summary: When you begged the owner of Jin’s Java House to hire more employees you didn’t mean for him to stick you with the cold, rude, arrogant CEO Min Yoongi. Over time something begins to brew between you both and you end up forced to make decisions way above the pay grade of a cafe barista.
Warnings: Angst, swearing, hints of smut(nothing explicit), Yoongi is mean but we all know he’ll turn fluffy later, violence, kidnapping, mention of a gun, drug references, gang activity, murder, overdose
Word Count: 3,824
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You woke up confused and alone in a room you didn’t recognize. Your throat hurt, but your head hurt worse. You looked around trying to make out your surroundings to get some idea of where you were. The room was empty except for an armchair in the corner with a small side table next to it. The only light in the room came from a small space between the curtains of what you assumed was a window. It seemed like you had been out for quite some time judging by the amount of sunlight.
You tried to stand up, but you felt too weak immediately falling to the ground. You tried once again, but froze when you heard the door handle begin to jiggle. The door swung open and a light was turned on making you squint from the change in brightness.
“Good morning Y/N, good to see you’re finally awake. Can I get you something to eat or maybe a coffee?”, a deep unfamiliar voice spoke.
“Who are you and how the fuck do you know my name?”, you spat not in the mood for pleasantries.
The man walked in and took a seat in the chair across the room. You took noticed of his expensive looking suit that was tailored to fit him perfectly. His hair was slicked back. A strong cologne followed after him. He reminded you a lot of Yoongi.
“Is that anyway to speak to the man that saved your life and took you away from that monster?”, he said while lighting a cigar.
You scoffed, “You saved my life? My life was just fine until you kidnapped me and threw me in this room.”
“Oh dear Y/N. You really are too good and naive for Yoongi.”, the man chuckled.
The mention of Yoongi made your breath hitch.
“How do you know Yoongi?”
“Well Y/N…I am glad you asked. You see me and Yoongi go way back. We met when we were just children. We used to be very good friends, actually like brothers. We ran a little side business together. The largest drug manufacturing and distribution organization since the 80’s, you know… nothing too extreme. Then one day Yoongi’s parents decided to finally give him the reigns to control the business and suddenly he didn’t need me or our organization any more. I agreed to let him walk away because he was my brother and I loved him as such. I wanted him to have a good life either way.”
The man paused to take a long draw of his cigar before continuing, “But it turns out that wasn’t good enough for Yoongi. He was selfish. He wanted to take everything we had worked for while also making sure his past life would never get out to the public. He lied to me. He deceived me because he knew I trusted him. He took all of our assets, every cent. He destroyed any evidence that could be linked to him. And then to top it all off he went to the police to get the whole operation shut down to make sure this could never come back on him. But..unfortunately for him I’ve been able to build back most of what we had even though it’s nowhere near what we once had. It took a lot of time and cost me a lot of money and many of my men all while I’ve had to watch him live the life of luxury in his comfy office, going to galas, being praised and awed by strangers around the world that don’t know how evil he really is behind the facade of expensive suits and sultry looks. I vowed that I would get my revenge against him and make him pay for what he did to me…to us. I was starting to loose hope that I would ever get my chance.”
The man suddenly stood up and took a few long strides to kneel down in front of you. You pushed yourself back against the wall as far as you could while trying to conceal your whimpers.
The man poked his finger against your forehead, “And then I saw the photos of your little date. I could see it in his eyes…just how in love with you he is. I knew this wasn’t some random hookup like the others. And I knew that my time had finally come. Min Yoongi took everything from me and now I will take everything from him.”
“So what are you going to do? Just kill me to get back at him?”, you scoffed.
“Oh no no no Y/N. Not yet at least. I’m going to have some fun first. I want him to suffer for a while. I want him to worry about you until he’s sick to his stomach. For him to know your pain is all his fault. Then I want to kill him.”
You watched as the man walked over to the door before he turned to look back at you, “At the end of the day Yoongi doesn’t care about anyone or anything except himself, his image, and his money. You’re going to learn real soon about the real Min Yoongi.” The man stood up and left you speechless as you watched the door slam shut behind him.
“Fuck fuck fuck”, Yoongi chanted as he drove around trying to figure out his next move. He knew he never should’ve asked you out. He scolded himself for being weak for you.
He thought back to the first time he saw you and how he developed an immediate crush on you. Something he’d never experienced before. He saw you behind the counter of the coffee shop. You were definitely new. You kept eyeing him before quickly turning away every time he’d try and make eye contact with you. He knew you liked him. He wasn’t stupid.
Unfortunately he liked you too. Your cheeks flushed from nervousness and the heat of running around in behind the counter. Your hair wet from sweat and plastered to your forehead. You bit your lip in concentration as you poured the coffee. You looked so cute to him and he wanted to get to know you. To date you and make you his.
Then you shakily handed him his coffee only to knock it down on the counter spilling all over his favorite custom made shoes. Sure he had three other pairs so it really wasn’t a big deal, but he took it as the opportunity to scold you hoping to make you hate him. Selfishly hoping it would keep you away from him so he wouldn’t fall for you even more.
But it didn’t work as he had hoped and he quickly fell more madly in love with you every time he saw you. Then his parents made him get a job at Jin’s Java House. He knew it was a bad idea from the start. He tried to argue with them, pleaded for another option but to no avail. He thought he was strong enough. He started off trying to be rude while working together to make you hate him even more then he already knew you did, but it only made him feel guilty and left him wanting to make it up to you any way he could.
Then he tried distracting himself with other women, sometimes as close even ten minutes before he came down for his shift at the coffee shop with you. But even when his secretary was topless and moaning underneath him as he thrusted into her on his office couch all he could think about was you and your beautiful smile and how he wished it was you below him instead. As he was burrowed deep inside someone else he fantasized about how he would take his time and do everything possible to pleasure you until it was you screaming his name over and over. He knew it was a lost cause at that point because he was a man in love. And now here he was driving around the city while you were God knows where because of him and his weaknesses.
Yoongi regretted his past life. He wasn’t proud of what he did. He had gotten in a little trouble at school so his parents had told him he was a failure and they would sell the company before allowing him to take control. He felt hurt and useless and desperate to prove them wrong.
So as a teenager he turned to crime. Him and his best friend started dealing drugs. It started small with just some weed or pills here and there to other friends and their acquaintances. Then it got bigger and bigger until next the thing he knew they were moving thousands of kilos of various drugs every year worth hundreds of millions of dollars. They had bases in Seoul, LA, New York, Tijuana, London, Rio, Moscow, and Beijing as well as dozens of smaller ones he couldn’t even remember any more. Money was rolling in like he’d never seen even though he already grew up wealthy. He had a new woman every night and said goodbye to them before the morning with no strings attached. He was on top of the world and the best part was he was doing it all with his best friend.
Then he got a call. His dads health was deteriorating. The generational family company was falling apart. His mom was coping by drinking and popping pills, probably from his own supply unbeknownst to her. They were proud of him for becoming so successful in his “pharmaceutical business”, a lie he told when people started questioning his job or where his money came from. His parents had changed their minds and wanted him to take over the company. Become the ceo and bring profitability and success back to the family name and business.
At first Yoongi told them to fuck off. He wasn’t going to give up what he had worked hard for after they tossed him aside like he wasn’t their own flesh and blood.
Then days later he got another call from one of the few people in the world that he respected, his grandmother. She asked Yoongi to take over the company that her and his grandfather had fought so hard to build and turn into an empire. She didn’t want to see it given to someone outside of the family or worse have it shut down completely.
Yoongi tried to politely decline, but then solemnly she begged him. She begged him to take over not only to save the company, but so that he could escape his life of crime before he ended up in prison or worse. She cried reminiscing about how many times she stayed up all night worried about him and what he was doing out in the world. How every phone call made her heart skip a beat fearing the worst. How she saw families being torn apart thanks to him and his business’s product. She begged him, even referring to him as her little dumpling, a nickname she had often used for him growing up that he hadn’t heard in years.
Yoongi didn’t ask how she knew about his secret life. He didn’t want to know to be honest, but he knew he didn’t want to be the reason for her tears any longer. So he called his parents the next day to accept the position.
His friend had been kind and understanding, offering to let Yoongi just walk away from everything and leave him in charge.
At first that was fine. Then one night on his way home he found out that his neighbors daughter overdosed. She was just sixteen. A star student and respected ballerina already being scouted by some of the biggest dance companies from all over the world. Yoongi knew the drugs were from his prior organization. There were no others around at the time.
He watched the girls parents standing in the pouring rain until their knees gave out and they hit the concrete and sobbed as the stretcher carrying their daughter was wheeled into the back of a waiting van. After that night his grandmothers voice started playing over and over in his head often keeping him up along with the screams of the parents he heard that night.
Yoongi decided he wanted to erase that part of his life like it never happened.
Because he was still trusted by his friend he had access to the bank accounts which he wiped clean. He destroyed every document he could find that would tie him to the organization. Anonymously he contacted police in every city he could think of and helped them to track down all of their operations getting them all shut down. Multiple people were arrested and a few even killed. He did his best to convince himself that their blood was not on his hands.
And when the few that were arrested tried to snitch and implicate Yoongi there was no significant evidence and the little the police could find was quickly swept under the rug thanks to a little cash swung their way.
Yoongi was able to walk away without anyone knowing of his past life. His friend left to pick up the pieces of a once great empire. And now here Yoongi was paying the price for something he thought was long behind him and could no longer keep him from happiness.
You walked around the room as you looked for an escape. The window had bars around it. Of course the door was securely locked. There was nowhere to go. You didn’t have your phone any longer. You resigned to taking a seat back on the floor trying to come up with a plan.
You weren’t sure how much time had gone by but at some point later in the day a woman appeared with a tray carrying a bowl of soup and some toast as well as an apple and a bottle of water. You thanked her even though you had no appetite at all.
As you sat under the window staring up at the little bit of the sky you could see you wondered what was happening in the outside world. What happened at the coffee shop when you didn’t show up for work? Did they call looking for you? You were going to fall behind in your classes if that even mattered any more. Was Yoongi even looking for you or was he worried this would get out in the public and ruin his image? It was all becoming too much and you began to cry fearing the future and the unknown.
After a while of crying and dozing off you decided you were getting a little hungry. Remembering the tray from earlier you decided against the soup which was now cold and gelatinous, but the toast still seemed okay so you picked it up taking a bite.
It was slightly stale but passable. As you mindlessly chewed you noticed a small piece of paper on the plate where the bread had been.
With your brows furrowed you unfolded the paper finding a hand written note. The writing was barely legible as it appeared quickly scratched down and was written in some kind of lipstick.
“I’ll come back tonight. When you hear three knocks at the door be prepared to run.”
Your mouth went dry. Your heart began to race. Quickly you chugged down the bottle of water as you contemplated if running was worth the risk. Surely if they caught you then you would be killed. And who is this woman and why is she helping you? What if it was a test?
You had a million different thoughts going through your mind, but they were cut short.
*Knock…Knock…Knock*
Slowly the door creaked open and the same woman from earlier peaked in the room. She motioned for you to follow her. What did you have to loose you thought so you did.
The two of you tiptoed down the hall and some stairs before you heard shouting after you.
“Run!”, the woman shouted so you sprinted not far behind her. You ran down hallways and and stairs. Looking for any exit door.
Just when you saw your hope, a door with a large window facing the outside world just down the hall from you, you were grabbed and harshly thrown down on the ground. You looked up seeing Yoongi’s friend breathing heavily.
“This is what I get huh? I tried to let you stay upstairs in a warm room. I gave you food. Yoongi always said I was the soft one out of the two of us. I guess he was right, but not any more.”, he spat dragging you down the hall by your arm.
Frantically you searched for the woman from earlier who tried to help you. You hoped she got out or was at least safe, but you quickly realized that was not true. A blood curdling scream rang through the air followed by a single gunshot. Your eyes widened in horror.
“Don’t worry sweetheart. I’m not gonna kill you just yet. Not before you’ve gone on a final date with your Yoongi.”
You swallowed down the lump in your throat as the man threw you in a cell, the iron gates loudly clanking shut. It looked like you were in a dungeon. It was cold and there was zero light coming through.
Without speaking the man tossed you an old dirty towel to use as a blanket before heading back upstairs leaving you down there alone.
Days went by. You were barely fed and barely slept. You had accepted your fate at that point. Unsure if it was the delirium setting in or what but you often found yourself chuckling at your situation.
You missed the days of going to college. You missed your friends. You missed the smell of coffee and the warmth it brought. You couldn’t believe how your life had turned around in the matter of hours all thanks to you falling in love with a lier, con artist, the devil? You weren’t really sure how to view Yoongi right now. He was probably leading a meeting right now without a care in the world. He’s probably going out to dinner later with some woman he met on his way to work with the sole intention to get in her pants by the end of the night. A small part of you hoped he was worried about you. Looking for you. Doing anything to help. Because a small part of you still loved him.
You hadn’t heard anyone walk in until you heard the iron gate slide open ending in a loud clank.
“Put this on. And use these wipes to clean yourself up.”, an unfamiliar voice said.
You sat staring at the items in front of you not moving.
“Bosses orders”, the man growled.
Slowly you grabbed the wipes and began wiping down your face and arms. It actually felt kind of nice.
You reached for the other items, a black cocktail dress and hair brush. You took the brush and ran through your hair a few times until the knots were out.
You looked at the dress and then at the man in front of you. He rolled his eyes and sighed before turning around and facing the wall. Quickly you removed your clothes and put the dress on before the man could turn around.
Just as you finished, the familiar smell of cigars entered the air and not long after Yoongi’s friend appeared.
“Wow don’t you look nice. I can see why Yoongi likes you. I think he’ll appreciate that you dressed up just for him.”, he said before blowing a cloud smoke through your cell.
“Now go ahead and stand up against that wall.”, he pointed towards the other side of the cell.
You crossed your arms in defiance refusing to move.
He chuckled, “I like you Y/N. I really do. Too bad I’m only giving you twenty four hours to live.” Your face dropped in realization at his statement.
A bright flash lit up the cell for just a moment before you realized your photo had been taken.
“Thanks sweetheart. I’m sure Yoongi will love it.”, he laughed before leaving you alone once again.
Yoongi was back at his place pacing back and forth. He’d ignored call after call from Hobi. He’s sure he’s wondering where he and/or you are and he doesn’t have the brain power right now to come up with a believable lie.
As he stared out at the river below his apartment he heard a new notification on his phone. A text message from an unknown number came through showing the preview of a photo.
Clicking on the message he instantly dry heaved sure he would’ve fully vomited had he consumed anything today.
A photo of you in a black dress. Your hair frazzled. Immediately Yoongi noticed the bruising on your body. The cut on your lip and welt on your forehead. What killed him the most was the look on your face. The look of fear, of despair. He could see you were holding back tears and it was all thanks to him.
Seconds later another message came through, “Y/N’s a beauty Yoongi. I always did think you had good taste when it came to women and it seems like even after all these years nothing has changed. You have 24 hours to find us. If you involve the police I’ll kill her instantly. If you even care…”
You had changed back into your old clothes giving yourself a little more coverage from the cold. The floor was made of stone but you were so exhausted you were able to drift off to sleep quite quickly.
You fell into dreamland. Dreaming that you were on a beach. The warm sun shone down on you as a breeze rippled through the air. The ocean waves crashed gently against the sand next to you as you walked along the edge. Looking up you saw Yoongi just down the beach waiting for you. He flashed you a gummy smile showing you the two drinks he had in his hands. Just as you began to walk towards him the sky turned dark and a giant wave came crashing down on you dragging you out to sea. You screamed for help unable to get yourself out of the current as the waves kept you down. Running out of fight you felt yourself slowly drifting under water father and rather. The last thing you remembered was hearing Yoongi screaming your name.
You jerked awake sweaty and out of breath with your hand clutching to your chest.
Sitting up you did your best to try and calm yourself down taking deep slow breaths.
Faintly from a distance you swore you heard your name shouted. You brushed it off thinking it was just a residual memory from your dream.
Then you heard it again, a little clearer this time and you were a little more certain.
“Yoongi?”, you whispered to yourself hearing a familiar sound as the door slammed open.
#bts#yoongi x reader#yoongi fanfic#min yoongi#bts fanfic#bts x reader#yoongi x y/n#yoongi fic#yoongi angst#yoongi au#ceo yoongi#bts yoongi#bts au fanfic#yoongi#bts fic#suga
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Kitchensink callithump linkdump
On July 14, I'm giving the closing keynote for the fifteenth HACKERS ON PLANET EARTH, in QUEENS, NY. Happy Bastille Day! On July 20, I'm appearing in CHICAGO at Exile in Bookville.
With just days to go before my summer vacation, I find myself once again with a backlog of links that I didn't squeeze into the blog, and no hope of clearing them before I disappear into a hammock for two weeks, so it's time for my 21st linkdump – here's the other 20:
https://pluralistic.net/tag/linkdump/
I'm going to start off this week's 'dump with a little bragging, because it's my newsletter, after all. First up: a book! Yes, I write a lot of books, but what I'm talking about here is a physical book, a limited edition of ten, that I commissioned from three brilliant craftspeople.
Back in March 2023, I launched a Kickstarter to pre-sell the audiobook of Red Team Blues, the first novel in my new Martin Hench series, about a forensic accountant who specializes in unwinding tech bros' finance frauds:
https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250865847/red-team-blues
One of the rewards for that campaign was a very special hardcover: a handmade, leather-bound edition of Red Team Blues, typeset by the typography legend John D. Berry:
https://johndberry.com/
Bound by the legendary book-artist John DeMerritt:
https://www.demerrittstudios.com/
And printed by the master printer JaVae Berry:
https://www.jgraphicssf.com/
But this wasn't a merely beautiful, well made book – it had a gimmick. You see, I had already completed the first draft of The Bezzle, the second Hench novel, by the time I launched the Kickstarter for Red Team Blues. I had John Berry lay out a tiny edition of that early draft as a quarter-sized book, and then John DeMerritt hand-bound it in card.
The reason that edition of The Bezzle had to be so small was that it was designed to slip into a hollow cavity in the hardcover, a cavity that John Berry had designed the type around, so that both books could be read and enjoyed.
I offered three of these for sale through the Kickstarter, and the three backers were very patient as the team went back and forth on the book, getting everything perfect. Last month, I took delivery of the books: three for my backers, one each for John DeMerritt and John Berry's personal archives, one for me, and a few more that I'm going to surprise some very special people with this Christmas.
Look, I had high hopes for this book. I dote on beautiful books, my house is busting with them, and I used to work at a new/used science fiction store where we had a small but heartstoppingly great rare book selection. But these books are fucking astounding. Every time I handle mine, my heart races. These are beautiful things, and I just want to show them to everyone:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/doctorow/albums/72177720318331731/
As it happens, the next thing I'm going to do (after I finish this newsletter) is turn in the copyedited manuscript for the third Hench novel, Picks and Shovels, which comes out in Feb 2025 (luckily, I had enough time to review the edits myself, then turn it over to my mom, who has proofed every book I've written and always catches typos that everyone else misses, including some real howlers – thanks Mom!):
https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250865908/picksandshovels
Of course, the majority of people who enjoy my books do not end up with one of these beautiful hardcovers – indeed, many of you consume my work exclusively as electronic media: ebooks and (of course) audiobooks. I love audiobooks and the audio editions of my books are very good, with narrators like Amber Benson, Wil Wheaton, and Neil Gaiman.
But here's the thing: Audible refuses to carry my books, because they are DRM-free (which means that they aren't locked to Audible's approved players – you can play my audiobooks with any audiobook player). Audible has a no-exceptions, iron-clad rule that every book they sell must be permanently locked into their platform, which means that Audible customers can't ditch their Audible software without losing their libraries – all the books they purchased:
https://pluralistic.net/2022/07/25/can-you-hear-me-now/#acx-ripoff
Being excluded from Audible takes a huge bite out of my income – after all, they're a monopolist with a 90% market share. That's why I'm so grateful for indie audiobook stores that carry my books on equitable terms that Audible denies – stores like Libro.fm, Downpour and even Google Books.
This week, I discovered a new, amazing indie audiobook store called Storyfair, where the books are DRM-free and the authors get a 75% royalty on every sale:
https://storyfair.net/helpstoryfairgrow/
Storyfair is a labor of love created by a married couple who were sickened and furious by the way that Audible screws authors and listeners and decided to do something about it. Naturally, I uploaded my whole catalog to the site so they could sell it:
https://storyfair.net/search-for-audiobooks/?keyword=cory+doctorow&filter=any
These books are DRM-free, which means that no matter who you buy them from, you can play them in the same player as your other DRM-free audiobooks. You know how you can read all your books under the same lamp, sitting in the same chair, and then put them in the same bookcase when you're done with them? It's weird – outrageous even! – that tech companies think that buying a book from them means that they should have the legal right to force you to read or listen to it using their technology exclusively.
If you let your Storyfair audiobooks touch your Libro.fm audiobooks, they won't get cooties! Audible is like a toddler that won't let their broccoli touch their peas – only that toddler is also a rapacious monopolist that keeps 75% of every sale.
The fight for fair audiobooks is one of those places where the different parts of my professional life cross over: activism, digital media, art, writing the web, and breaking down complex technical subjects for a mass audience. I've just signed up to a six-year project to combine all those facets in a structured way, in collaboration with Cornell University.
Cornell just named me as their latest AD White Professor-at-Large. This is a six-year appointment that involves a series of week-long visits to Ithaca to lecture, run seminars, meet with colleagues, collaborate on research, and do community performances:
https://adwhiteprofessors.cornell.edu/
We've tentatively scheduled my first visit for early September 2025, to coincide with the Ithaca Book Festival, and we've got big plans, roping in multiple departments at Cornell, the local alternative school and local colleges, doing talks at the fair as well as at the university, and (we hope!) squeezing in a stop in NYC on the way home for a day at Cornell Tech. I'm so excited (and honored) to be working with Cornell (and getting a chance to visit Moosewood Restaurant, whose cookbooks taught me how to cook!). Watch this space.
Authorship has always been a political act, but never moreso than today, with waves of book-bans sweeping the country. One of the heroes of those bans is Maggie Tokuda-Hall, who made headlines when she publicly excoriated Scholastic for demanding that she remove references to racism from her kids' books in order to make them more palatable to reactionaries:
https://www.npr.org/2023/04/15/1169848627/scholastic-childrens-book-racism
Tokuda-Hall has stepped up the fight, co-founding Authors Against Book Bans, an org that provides training and support for author/activists so they can fight back against book bans at library board and city council meetings:
https://www.authorsagainstbookbans.com/
Authors Against Book bans is looking for members! I signed up last week, within seconds of having Tokuda-Hall give me the pitch when we ran into each other in Oakland at the Locus Awards. Are you an author? Sign up too! They're especially interested in branching out beyond YA and kids' authors (though they want those kinds of writers, too!).
Book bans affect us all. Even if you personally are never stymied when you visit your library and discover the book that you want to read has been removed by a swivel-eyed loon with terminal groomer-panic. The bans sweeping our country mean that our neighbors and loved ones are being denied literature by these cranks. There are people in your life who are losing out on the possibility of a life-changing literary adventure (which is why the far right hates these books – they want to be sure no one encounters the ideas between their covers).
The realization that you have to live in a society with people who are harmed by injustice, even if you personally escape that justice? It's the whole basis for solidarity.
Americans are living through a multigenerational project of stamping out solidarity and insisting that we only ever view ourselves as individuals, with no stake in the plights of our neighbors. That's how the US got the most expensive, least effective health care system in the world. And even if you are in the vanishingly tiny minority of Americans who are happy with their health care, you live amongst people who are being killed by the system around you.
The health system is a perfect example of how monopolization drives more monopolization, and how that comes to harm the public and workers. Health consolidation began with pharma mergers, that led to pharma companies gouging hospitals. Hospitals, in turn, engaged in a nonstop orgy of mergers, which created regional monopolies that could resist the pricing power of monopoly pharma – and screw insurers. That kicked off consolidation in insurance, which is why most Americans have a "choice" of between one and three private insurers – and why health workers' monopoly employers have eroded their wages and working conditions.
A new study in American Economic Review: Insights puts some quantitative spine in this tale, tracking the relationship between hospital mergers and skyrocketed health-care prices:
https://harris.uchicago.edu/news-events/news/consolidation-hospital-sector-leading-higher-health-care-costs-study-finds?itid=lk_inline_enhanced-template
The researchers investigated 1,164 acute-care hospital mergers, finding that while the FTC only challenged 1% of these, they could – and should – have challenged 20% of them, based on the agency's own criteria for merger scrutiny. The researchers blame the rising costs of hospital care directly on these mergers, and point out that Congress has historically starved the FTC of the budget it needed to investigate these mergers. The annual additional costs to the American people from these mergers exceed the entire annual budget of the FTC.
It's not just hospitals: the entire investor class is hell-bent on spending their way to monopoly. Nowhere is that more true than in AI, where hundreds of billions are being poured into bids to attain permanent dominance through scale. Writing for their excellent AI Snake Oil newsletter, Arvind Narayanan and Sayash Kapoor inject some realism into the AI scale hype:
https://www.aisnakeoil.com/p/ai-scaling-myths
Narayanan and Kapoor challenge the idea that throwing more data at large language models will make the better: "With LLMs, we may have a couple of orders of magnitude of scaling left, or we may already be done." They are skeptical that this can be fixed with synthetic data (whose use is limited to "fixing specific gaps and making domain-specific improvements"). They also point out that if returns from data slow, then returns from adding more compute or making bigger models might also be throttled.
They reserve their most skeptical take for "AGI" – the idea that LLMs are going to achieve consciousness. This is a fundamentally unserious idea, one that they unpack in detail in their forthcoming book:
https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691249131/ai-snake-oil
One thing I'm hoping for from the book is some analysis of the material usefulness of AI hype – what purpose does the hype serve? I mean, obviously, hype is useful if you're looking to suck up investor capital, or flip an investment to a greater fool. But there's a specific character to AI hype: namely, the claim that AI will displace labor, which is really a claim that a bet on AI is a bet on the increasing wealth of capital at labor's expense.
In other words, AI is a bet on oligarchy. In America, that's a pretty safe bet, and the odds just got even better, thanks to a string of brutal Supreme Court decisions that legalized bribery, banned most regulatory enforcement, and made being alive and unhoused into a crime (Poor Laws 2.0):
https://prospect.org/justice/2024-06-29-whos-gonna-check-supreme-court-chevron-separation-powers/
But amidst all those gimmes to the rich and powerful, there was one notable exception: the SCOTUS ruling on the Purdue Pharma bankruptcy. Purdue was the family business of the Sacklers, a multigenerational dope-peddling dynasty that went from super-rich to stratospherically rich by kickstarting the opioid epidemic with their blockbuster drug Oxycontin.
The Sacklers sold mountains of Oxy the old fashioned way: by lying. The lied about its efficacy and they lied about its safety, and they helped kill hundreds of thousands of Americans. Eventually, this caught up with them, and Purdue lost a bunch of court cases and was forced into bankruptcy.
That's where things get gnarly: the Sacklers took the already-sleazy world of elite bankruptcy to a whole new level, with a set of breathtakingly sleazy maneuvers that ensured that their case would be heard by the one judge in America who would let them off the hook:
https://pluralistic.net/2023/08/11/justice-delayed/#justice-redeemed
That judge was Robert Drain and the Sacklers were the blow-off to a long and shameful career in public "service." The Sacklers incorporated a subsidiary in White Plains, NY (in Drain's turf) precisely 181 days before filing for bankruptcy, then claimed that this empty small-town office had been the company HQ for more than six months. Then they hid machine-readable metadata in their filing that tricked the court's database into assigning the case to Drain:
https://pluralistic.net/2021/08/07/hr-4193/#shoppers-choice
The reason the Sacklers were so horny for Drain? He was a notoriously generous source of "nonconsensual third-party releases." These would allow the Sacklers to permanently end every lawsuit against them without having to declare bankruptcy. Instead, they could take their (ruined, hollow) company through bankruptcy, throw a small fraction of their personal fortunes into the pot, representing fractional pennies on the dollar of what they owed to their victims, and walk away with tens of billions and eternal protection from any future suits.
In other words, they could stiff their creditors and keep the loot. Which is exactly what Robert Drain gave them – before retiring from the bench to get a two-orders-of-magnitude pay raise at a white-shoe firm that specializes in representing corporate mass-murderers like the Sacklers.
That's where it would have ended, but for a surprising ruling from the Supreme Court, which threw out the nonconsensual third-party release deal and put the Sacklers back on the hook to pay the victims of their many, many crimes.
As ever, the best source of analysis and explanation for elite bankruptcy shenanigans is Adam Levitin of the Credit Slips blog:
https://www.creditslips.org/creditslips/2024/06/purdue-pharma-decision-a-big-win-for-mass-tort-victims.html
Levitin has a prediction for what's going to happen next. He rejects the predictions of Sackler apologists, who say that this is going to add years or decades to the already too-long wait for compensation that the Sacklers' victims have endured. Instead, Levitin says that the Sacklers will almost certainly transfer billions more from their personal fortunes to the settlement pot and beg for consensual releases from their victims. In other words, they'll go from dictating terms to asking for them.
So the settlement will stand, but it will be larger, and victims who don't want to take it won't have to – they'll be able to sue. In other words, this ruling "does not prevent deals in bankruptcy. It just changes the terms of what those deals."
This has implications for other mass-murderers and corporate criminals, like Johnson and Johnson (who tricked women into dusting their vulvas with asbestos):
https://pluralistic.net/2023/02/01/j-and-j-jk/#risible-gambit
And the Boy Scouts of America, who let pedophiles abuse children for decades:
https://pluralistic.net/2023/12/05/third-party-nonconsensual-releases/#au-recherche-du-pedos-perdue
Both J&J and BSA carved out nonconsensual third-party releases in the mold of the Sacklers' deal, and both briefed the Supreme Court, warning that if the Sacklers were forced to pay what they owed, J&J and BSA's victims would also be entitled to far larger sums. Go ahead and threaten us with a good time, why doncha?
The Sackler decision is a real bright spot at a dark time for corporate impunity. It's always nice to see big corporate bullies getting a bit of a comeuppance. Another one of those comeuppances was just delivered thanks to a classic fatfinger error.
A Microsoft engineer accidentally released the sourcecode to Playready, the company's flagship DRM product:
https://borncity.com/win/2024/06/26/microsoft-employee-accidentally-publishes-playready-code/
Microsoft's DRM doesn't do anything to protect the interests of creative workers or even the companies that employ them. As a Microsoft rep admitted on stage at a presentation in 2006, the purpose of Microsoft DRM is to prevent small startups from entering the market, ensuring that Microsoft and its "rivals" can safely divide up the world without worrying about disruptive competitors:
https://memex.craphound.com/2006/01/30/msft-our-drm-licensing-is-there-to-eliminate-hobbyists-and-little-guys/
I was there that day and reported on the remarks, prompting both Microsoft and its rep to furiously deny that they'd ever said this, despite multiple witnesses who heard it. This was just a couple years after I gave a viral talk at Microsoft about why the company shouldn't use DRM:
https://pluralistic.net/2024/06/18/greetings-fellow-pirates/#arrrrrrrrrr
By 2006, it was clear that the company was all in on DRM, and today, DRM is the centerpiece of Microsoft's anticompetitive strategy, and Playready is the centerpiece of Microsoft's DRM. The source-code leak is doubtless going to give rise to lots of grey-market tools for stripping DRM from all kinds of media:
https://security-explorations.com/microsoft-playready.html
You love to see it! Now I'm doubly looking forward to this summer's security conferences, including Defcon, where, for the first time, I'll be emceeing the charity poker tournament to benefit EFF:
https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2024/06/betting-your-digital-rights-eff-benefit-poker-tournament-def-con-32
This should be very fun – and funny – especially given how little I know about poker (I have been specifically selected on that basis, for the comedy value). Every player gets a custom EFF poker-deck, and the winner gets a treasure chest filled by EFF board member Tarah Wheeler, including "emeralds, black pearls, amethysts, diamonds, and more."
I like to close these linkdumps with something fun and uplifting, and I'd planned to end things with the poker-tournament, but then my pal Raph Koster announced that his game studio Playable Worlds had dropped its first announcement of Stars Reach, an open-world MMO like no other:
https://www.raphkoster.com/2024/06/28/announcing-stars-reach/
Raph is a legend in MMO design circles, whose credits include Ultima Online and Star Wars Galaxies. He wrote the definitive text on how games work, A Theory of Fun, that's does for games what Understanding Comics did for comics:
https://www.theoryoffun.com/
Stars Reach is stupidly ambitious. It consists of truly open worlds, modeled to an absurd degree of fidelity:
We know the temperature, the humidity, the materials, for every cubic meter of every planet. Our water actually flows downhill and puddles. It freezes overnight or during the winter. It evaporates and turns to steam when heated up. And not just our water — everything does this. Catch a tree on fire with a stray blaster bolt. Melt your way through a glacier to find a hidden alien laboratory embedded in the ice. Stomp too hard on a rock bridge, and watch out, it might collapse under your feet. Dam up a river to irrigate your farm. Or float in space above an asteroid, and mine crystals from its depths.
The game is fundamentally a climate story, whose lore has humanity seeded around the galaxy by a powerful alien race called the Old Ones, only to have humans bust through the planetary limits of every world they were given. Now the Old Ones are giving humans another chance to try smarter ways of sustaining ourselves on new worlds, with the aid of powerful robots call "Servitors."
Because this is a Raph Koster game, it's got a bunch of extremely satisfying play dynamics:
A classless skill tree advancement system, where peaceful play matters just as much as combat
An intricate player-driven economy where players can craft their way to fame and fortune
An accessible yet deep combat system, where you can choose whether to play using action aiming or more forgiving homing shots or lock-on targeting
In-world player housing that lets you build and customize your home and form towns… and enough room for everyone to have a house
A single shardless galaxy, with both space and ground gameplay… in fact, you can build that house on an asteroid, if you want
The ability for a group to govern a planet, and define its laws, whether you want a peaceful home or a PvP free for all
Stars Reach is not playable yet, but the company's looking for gamers to give them feedback and steer the development:
https://starsreach.com/
OK, that wraps up the week's links. I'm gonna get one more edition out on Monday, god willin' and the crick don't rise, and then I'll be off for a couple weeks. Enjoy your summer!
Support me this summer on the Clarion Write-A-Thon and help raise money for the Clarion Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers' Workshop!
If you'd like an essay-formatted version of this post to read or share, here's a link to it on pluralistic.net, my surveillance-free, ad-free, tracker-free blog:
https://pluralistic.net/2024/06/29/pasticcio/#professor-at-large
Image: James St John https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/40894047123
CC BY 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
#pluralistic#red team blues#kickstarter#books#book art#the bezzle#marty hench#crowdfunding#john d berry#john demerritt#javae berry#drm#microsoft#playready#book bans#authors against book bans#maggie tokuda-hall#purdue pharma#adam levitin#nonconsensual third party releases#scotus#bankruptcy#audiobooks#storyfair#raph koster#mmos#games#stars reach#scaling#ai
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Hot take, Elden ring is a really good souls like, but that doesn't mean its actually a good game.
within the subgenre, souls-likes have always had really huge issues with accessibility, and i don't mean for disability alone. Elden ring especially had extremely horrible performance issues at launch, which they did eventually fix. Even then you still have to get a 400 dollar PC. Aside from that there are some strange decisions made with teaching the player, like the tutorial is just a hole that players had to point out to each other, and On my barely stable first 20 minutes, i couldn't even find (my b i guess). Obviously alot of extremely experienced gamers would be able to handle themselves super well in Elden ring even without a tutorial. But there's another issue there with accessibility.
2 last things on accessibility. The game's audio is mixed like a movie, (so barely audible or ripping out your eardrums ;-;) witch is another accessibility issue, that you have to put a lot of work in to fix. And the graphics range from maxing out the brightness, to being completely black on bad screens. obviously an issue. I'm not going to go into the issues with explanations and the general tell don't show nature of alot of souls likes, because people have already complained about the text tunnels enough
I do really appreciate the artistry and just beautiful atmosphere Elden ring has, my only issue with the graphics is the performance requirements for them. Also if you never turned the graphics all the way down, it used to cause bit lag spikes just because it wanted to i guess :")
So, my argument is that a game can be a good version of the predecessors it bases itself off of, but if it doesn't actually deliver on playability and accessibility, I really don't think its deserving of the praise it gets. here are examples of games I think are flawless Unraveled/Unraveled 2 Hades Minecraft (Java edition only [cuz bedrock is completely broken somehow???) Never alone (a cool 2 player co op platformer that me and my brother played through when we were 6 and 8 or smthn, it was incredible, and i still think its worth playing as an adult) Spelunky 2 ***Monster Hunter (except for the extremely slow RPG elements) [takes 3 months to get 1 armor set built fully :)]
So i actually have some great news for the difficulty purists, You can actually do a hardcore game well, So long as you make failure quick and readable, Make trying immediate, and Make learning a part of the design. Spelunky is not my cup of tea, i have a bad time with reaction time, but spelunky is really great, in that your goal every attempt is simply to get as far as possible. In elden ring, you have the opposite problem, where instead of completing the objective being extraordinarily hard, getting from point a to point b is tediouse, saving the game takes time, occasionally you can be attacked without knowing why, and you dont get a clear read on what went wrong, ETC. If Elden ring was only the boss fights, I would say its almost a great game. Which is why I included Monster hunter on that list, despite its insufferable grind. Also BTW spelunky 2 has four fun minigames. a requirement for any game to be truly perfect is for there to be appeal for casual gamers, and i don't think adding casual elements makes a game worse, like, ever.
Anyways, last little thing, I really dislike it when People praise games for not catering to the needs of some players. Like everyone has heard dudebros or their friends be like "It doesn't have any difficulty settings! that's so sick!" But, like, Have you ever met someone with a motor function disability, or like, just someone who doesn't play games for 30000 hours every year? Difficulty settings and the ability to control your experience are important. and this isn't about Elden ring, But if you care about being an ally you should want your games to have accessibility features, they only benefit people. and if you're so worked up about about an extra tab being in the settings window, maybe you should like, go to therapy or something.
Also Elden ring's UI is so ass it gave my design teacher a heart attack and they hired a Pe*o as our sub.
#actually autistic#disability#gaming#elden ring#If you want a good example of a really GOOD game that's also a soulslike#another crab's treasure#is exclusively an improvement on elden ring#even if there are some issues relating to the devs being a little inexperienced#long post#also final thing. fr this time. people need to leave casual gamer alone#like just let people enjoy their animal crossing and fifa (gross) but its not our place to harass people for liking “baby games” (grossest)
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Expanding and cleaning up on a conversion I had with @suntreehq in the comments of this post:
Ruby is fine, I'm just being dramatic. It's not nearly as incomprehensible as I find JavaScript, Perl, or Python. I think it makes some clumsy missteps, and it wouldn't be my first (or even fifth) choice if I were starting a new project, but insofar as I need to use it in my Software Engineering class I can adapt.
There are even things I like about it -- it's just that all of them are better implemented in the languages Ruby borrows them from. I don't want Lisp with Eiffel's semantics, I want Lisp with Lisp's semantics. I don't want Ada with Perl's type system, I want Ada with Ada's type system.
One of these missteps to me is how it (apparently) refuses to adopt popular convention when it comes to the names and purposes of its keywords.
Take yield. In every language I've ever used, yield has been used for one purpose: suspending the current execution frame and returning to something else. In POSIX C, this is done with pthread_yield(), which signals the thread implementation that the current thread isn't doing anything and something else should be scheduled instead. In languages with coroutines, like unstable Rust, the yield keyword is used to pause execution of the current coroutine and optionally return a value (e.g. yield 7; or yield foo.bar;), execution can then be resumed by calling x.resume(), where x is some coroutine. In languages with generators, like Python, the behavior is very similar.
In Ruby, this is backwards. It doesn't behave like a return, it behaves like a call. It's literally just syntax sugar for using the call method of blocks/procs/lambdas. We're not temporarily returning to another execution frame, we're entering a new one! Those are very similar actions, but they're not the same. Why not call it "run" or "enter" or "call" or something else less likely to confuse?
Another annoyance comes in the form of the throw and catch keywords. These are almost universally (in my experience) associated with exception handling, as popularized by Java. Not so in Ruby! For some unfathomable reason, throw is used to mean the same thing as Rust or C2Y's break-label -- i.e. to quickly get out of tightly nested control flow when no more work needs to be done. Ruby does have keywords that behave identically to e.g. Java or C++'s throw and catch, but they're called raise and rescue, respectively.
That's not to say raise and rescue aren't precedented (e.g. Eiffel and Python) but they're less common, and it doesn't change the fact that it's goofy to have both them and throw/catch with such similar but different purposes. It's just going to trip people up! Matsumoto could have picked any keywords he could have possibly wanted, and yet he picked the ones (in my opinion) most likely to confuse.
I have plenty more and deeper grievances with Ruby too (sigils, throws being able to unwind the call stack, object member variables being determined at runtime, OOP in general being IMO a clumsy paradigm, the confusing and non-orthogonal ways it handles object references and allocation, the attr_ pseudo-methods feeling hacky, initialization implying declaration, the existence of "instance_variable_get" totally undermining scope visibility, etc., etc.) but these are I think particularly glaring (if inconsequential).
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Normally I just post about movies but I'm a software engineer by trade so I've got opinions on programming too.
Apparently it's a month of code or something because my dash is filled with people trying to learn Python. And that's great, because Python is a good language with a lot of support and job opportunities. I've just got some scattered thoughts that I thought I'd write down.
Python abstracts a number of useful concepts. It makes it easier to use, but it also means that if you don't understand the concepts then things might go wrong in ways you didn't expect. Memory management and pointer logic is so damn annoying, but you need to understand them. I learned these concepts by learning C++, hopefully there's an easier way these days.
Data structures and algorithms are the bread and butter of any real work (and they're pretty much all that come up in interviews) and they're language agnostic. If you don't know how to traverse a linked list, how to use recursion, what a hash map is for, etc. then you don't really know how to program. You'll pretty much never need to implement any of them from scratch, but you should know when to use them; think of them like building blocks in a Lego set.
Learning a new language is a hell of a lot easier after your first one. Going from Python to Java is mostly just syntax differences. Even "harder" languages like C++ mostly just mean more boilerplate while doing the same things. Learning a new spoken language in is hard, but learning a new programming language is generally closer to learning some new slang or a new accent. Lists in Python are called Vectors in C++, just like how french fries are called chips in London. If you know all the underlying concepts that are common to most programming languages then it's not a huge jump to a new one, at least if you're only doing all the most common stuff. (You will get tripped up by some of the minor differences though. Popping an item off of a stack in Python returns the element, but in Java it returns nothing. You have to read it with Top first. Definitely had a program fail due to that issue).
The above is not true for new paradigms. Python, C++ and Java are all iterative languages. You move to something functional like Haskell and you need a completely different way of thinking. Javascript (not in any way related to Java) has callbacks and I still don't quite have a good handle on them. Hardware languages like VHDL are all synchronous; every line of code in a program runs at the same time! That's a new way of thinking.
Python is stereotyped as a scripting language good only for glue programming or prototypes. It's excellent at those, but I've worked at a number of (successful) startups that all were Python on the backend. Python is robust enough and fast enough to be used for basically anything at this point, except maybe for embedded programming. If you do need the fastest speed possible then you can still drop in some raw C++ for the places you need it (one place I worked at had one very important piece of code in C++ because even milliseconds mattered there, but everything else was Python). The speed differences between Python and C++ are so much smaller these days that you only need them at the scale of the really big companies. It makes sense for Google to use C++ (and they use their own version of it to boot), but any company with less than 100 engineers is probably better off with Python in almost all cases. Honestly thought the best programming language is the one you like, and the one that you're good at.
Design patterns mostly don't matter. They really were only created to make up for language failures of C++; in the original design patterns book 17 of the 23 patterns were just core features of other contemporary languages like LISP. C++ was just really popular while also being kinda bad, so they were necessary. I don't think I've ever once thought about consciously using a design pattern since even before I graduated. Object oriented design is mostly in the same place. You'll use classes because it's a useful way to structure things but multiple inheritance and polymorphism and all the other terms you've learned really don't come into play too often and when they do you use the simplest possible form of them. Code should be simple and easy to understand so make it as simple as possible. As far as inheritance the most I'm willing to do is to have a class with abstract functions (i.e. classes where some functions are empty but are expected to be filled out by the child class) but even then there are usually good alternatives to this.
Related to the above: simple is best. Simple is elegant. If you solve a problem with 4000 lines of code using a bunch of esoteric data structures and language quirks, but someone else did it in 10 then I'll pick the 10. On the other hand a one liner function that requires a lot of unpacking, like a Python function with a bunch of nested lambdas, might be easier to read if you split it up a bit more. Time to read and understand the code is the most important metric, more important than runtime or memory use. You can optimize for the other two later if you have to, but simple has to prevail for the first pass otherwise it's going to be hard for other people to understand. In fact, it'll be hard for you to understand too when you come back to it 3 months later without any context.
Note that I've cut a few things for simplicity. For example: VHDL doesn't quite require every line to run at the same time, but it's still a major paradigm of the language that isn't present in most other languages.
Ok that was a lot to read. I guess I have more to say about programming than I thought. But the core ideas are: Python is pretty good, other languages don't need to be scary, learn your data structures and algorithms and above all keep your code simple and clean.
#programming#python#software engineering#java#java programming#c++#javascript#haskell#VHDL#hardware programming#embedded programming#month of code#design patterns#common lisp#google#data structures#algorithms#hash table#recursion#array#lists#vectors#vector#list#arrays#object oriented programming#functional programming#iterative programming#callbacks
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ughghghghghgh it would probably be a lot smarter to implement exceptions next because they are so consequential to the language design. I really have never gotten this far with a compiler before, so I'm partially excited. but I am dipping into uncharted territory which means my first try will be pretty messy while simultaneously trying too hard to be "clean". however here is my proposal for how exceptions should be implemented (directly from my notes):
when a try/catch block is encountered, add a new context block to a "catch stack", which is tracked by the current stack frame. this will be a list of appropriate jump indexes and exception types for each catch block to be called. if you have nested try/catch blocks in the same function, the "catch stack" accounts for this.
if an exception is thrown, set a flag in the VM to indicate that we are currently handling an exception right now.
starting with the current function, look up the call stack and check if there is anything in the catch stack that matches the exception that was thrown. if there is none, then exit the current function immediately, discarding the stack and any return value
if a matching catch is not found, then panic and exit with a backtrace. if there is a "finally" clause, then execute it and continue searching up the call stack
if a matching catch IS found, then execute it, unsetting the "handling exception" flag in the VM
regardless of what happens, call the "finally" clause of the try/catch statement, if any
if the "handling exception" flag is not unset at this point (e.g. try/finally statement with no catch) then continue handling up the call stack
new instructions:
PUSH_CATCH (takes a list of types to catch encoded as a constant, an address to jump to if caught, the local name to bind the exception to)
POP_CATCH (to pop what was pushed at the end of the exception handler)
THROW or RAISE (have to decide on Java/C++/C# vs Python naming)
new syntax for try/catch:
try { contents = read_file() # do stuff with contents here... } catch e: FileNotFoundError | PermissionError { # file not found, or permissions error # bind to the variable "e" println("could not read file: " + e.message) } catch OutOfMemoryError { # out of memory error # don't bind to any variable println("out of memory") } catch { # catch all other exceptions println("some other exception") } finally { # execute unconditionally after try or catch blocks finish println("done") }
new syntax for raising/throwing (need to figure out which):
throw MyException() # C++, C#, Java, etc raise MyException() # Python :^)
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From 'Write Once, Run Anywhere' to Strong Security: The Java Advantage
Java, a programming language and technology ecosystem, has solidified its place in the digital world as a versatile and powerful tool. With its "Write Once, Run Anywhere" capability and an extensive array of features, Java has been instrumental in diverse domains, from mobile app development to building enterprise-level systems. This blog explores the strengths of Java, including its portability, robustness, vast ecosystem, and the thriving community that supports it. We will also discuss the value of structured training and the role of ACTE Technologies in nurturing your Java skills. By the end of this journey, you'll have a deep appreciation for the enduring excellence of Java and its role in the ever-evolving tech industry.
The Power and Versatility of Java:
1. Portability and Cross-Platform Compatibility:
Java's claim to fame, "Write Once, Run Anywhere," is not just a marketing slogan. It's a fundamental principle of Java that sets it apart. This feature is made possible by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), which allows Java code to run on any platform that has a compatible JVM. This portability has been a game-changer, especially in a world where a diverse range of devices and operating systems coexist. Whether it's Windows, macOS, or Linux, Java applications run seamlessly, eliminating compatibility issues and reducing development time and effort.
2. Robust and Secure:
Java's architecture prioritizes robustness and security. It employs strong type checking, automatic memory management (garbage collection), and comprehensive exception handling. These features make Java code less prone to common programming errors and vulnerabilities. For businesses and organizations where system reliability and data security are critical, Java's robustness and built-in security mechanisms make it a go-to choice. Critical systems, such as banking applications, rely on Java to ensure the highest level of protection against errors and threats.
3. Vast Ecosystem:
The Java ecosystem is vast and varied. It includes an extensive library of classes, frameworks, and tools that cater to a wide range of application development needs. Some of the notable components of this ecosystem include:
Java Standard Library: Java's standard library provides a wealth of pre-built classes and utilities for common programming tasks, simplifying development.
Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB): For enterprise-level applications, EJB offers a framework for building scalable, distributed, and transactional components.
JavaServer Pages (JSP) and Servlets: These technologies enable the development of dynamic web applications, making Java a popular choice for web development.
Spring Framework: Spring is a comprehensive framework for building enterprise-level applications, offering features like dependency injection, aspect-oriented programming, and more.
Android Development: Java serves as the primary language for developing Android mobile applications, further expanding its reach.
4. Community and Support:
Java's success is not only due to its technical prowess but also its thriving community of developers, enthusiasts, and experts. This community-driven approach ensures that Java remains relevant, up-to-date, and aligned with industry best practices. Developers can find a wealth of resources, forums, and collaborative environments where they can learn, share knowledge, and solve challenges. The community's collective wisdom and problem-solving spirit have contributed to the continuous evolution of Java.
Java's enduring excellence is a testament to its portability, robustness, vast ecosystem, and strong community support. If you're looking to harness the potential of Java and embark on a journey of learning and mastery, consider exploring the Java training programs offered by ACTE Technologies. With dedication and the right resources, you can leverage Java's capabilities and contribute to the ever-evolving tech landscape.
Java has stood the test of time, offering unparalleled portability, robustness, a rich ecosystem, and a vibrant community. Whether you're building enterprise-level applications or dynamic web services, Java remains a reliable choice. ACTE Technologies' structured training can help you unlock the full potential of Java, enabling you to thrive in the dynamic tech industry.
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java full stack
A Java Full Stack Developer is proficient in both front-end and back-end development, using Java for server-side (backend) programming. Here's a comprehensive guide to becoming a Java Full Stack Developer:
1. Core Java
Fundamentals: Object-Oriented Programming, Data Types, Variables, Arrays, Operators, Control Statements.
Advanced Topics: Exception Handling, Collections Framework, Streams, Lambda Expressions, Multithreading.
2. Front-End Development
HTML: Structure of web pages, Semantic HTML.
CSS: Styling, Flexbox, Grid, Responsive Design.
JavaScript: ES6+, DOM Manipulation, Fetch API, Event Handling.
Frameworks/Libraries:
React: Components, State, Props, Hooks, Context API, Router.
Angular: Modules, Components, Services, Directives, Dependency Injection.
Vue.js: Directives, Components, Vue Router, Vuex for state management.
3. Back-End Development
Java Frameworks:
Spring: Core, Boot, MVC, Data JPA, Security, Rest.
Hibernate: ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) framework.
Building REST APIs: Using Spring Boot to build scalable and maintainable REST APIs.
4. Database Management
SQL Databases: MySQL, PostgreSQL (CRUD operations, Joins, Indexing).
NoSQL Databases: MongoDB (CRUD operations, Aggregation).
5. Version Control/Git
Basic Git commands: clone, pull, push, commit, branch, merge.
Platforms: GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket.
6. Build Tools
Maven: Dependency management, Project building.
Gradle: Advanced build tool with Groovy-based DSL.
7. Testing
Unit Testing: JUnit, Mockito.
Integration Testing: Using Spring Test.
8. DevOps (Optional but beneficial)
Containerization: Docker (Creating, managing containers).
CI/CD: Jenkins, GitHub Actions.
Cloud Services: AWS, Azure (Basics of deployment).
9. Soft Skills
Problem-Solving: Algorithms and Data Structures.
Communication: Working in teams, Agile/Scrum methodologies.
Project Management: Basic understanding of managing projects and tasks.
Learning Path
Start with Core Java: Master the basics before moving to advanced concepts.
Learn Front-End Basics: HTML, CSS, JavaScript.
Move to Frameworks: Choose one front-end framework (React/Angular/Vue.js).
Back-End Development: Dive into Spring and Hibernate.
Database Knowledge: Learn both SQL and NoSQL databases.
Version Control: Get comfortable with Git.
Testing and DevOps: Understand the basics of testing and deployment.
Resources
Books:
Effective Java by Joshua Bloch.
Java: The Complete Reference by Herbert Schildt.
Head First Java by Kathy Sierra & Bert Bates.
Online Courses:
Coursera, Udemy, Pluralsight (Java, Spring, React/Angular/Vue.js).
FreeCodeCamp, Codecademy (HTML, CSS, JavaScript).
Documentation:
Official documentation for Java, Spring, React, Angular, and Vue.js.
Community and Practice
GitHub: Explore open-source projects.
Stack Overflow: Participate in discussions and problem-solving.
Coding Challenges: LeetCode, HackerRank, CodeWars for practice.
By mastering these areas, you'll be well-equipped to handle the diverse responsibilities of a Java Full Stack Developer.
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Top 20 Backend Development Tools In 2023
Backend development plays a crucial role in the operation and performance optimisation of web and mobile applications, serving as their foundational framework. In the context of the dynamic technological environment, it is imperative for developers to remain abreast of the most recent and effective backend development technologies. In the year 2023, a plethora of advanced tools have surfaced, leading to a significant transformation in the approach to backend development. Reach out to Nivida Web Solutions - a noted Web development company in Vadodara and let's craft a website that sets you apart.
This analysis aims to examine the leading 20 backend development tools projected for the year 2023, which possess the potential to optimise operational effectiveness, raise work output, and achieve exceptional outcomes.
1. Node.js:
Node.js continues to be a prominent contender in the realm of backend development, offering a resilient framework for constructing scalable, server-side applications through the utilisation of JavaScript. The asynchronous and event-driven nature of the system renders it highly suitable for real-time applications and microservices.
2. Express.js:
Express.js is a Node.js framework that offers a basic and flexible approach to backend development. It achieves this by providing streamlined routing, efficient handling of HTTP requests, and effective management of middleware. The software possesses a high degree of extensibility, allowing developers to create tailored solutions.
3. Django:
Django, a renowned Python framework, is widely recognised for its exceptional performance, robust security measures, and remarkable scalability. The framework adheres to the "batteries-included" principle, providing a wide range of pre-installed functionalities and libraries that enhance the speed and efficiency of the development process.
4. Flask:
Flask, an additional Python framework, is characterised by its lightweight nature and user-friendly interface. The framework offers fundamental capabilities for backend development and enables developers to incorporate additional functionalities as required, thus rendering it very adaptable.
5. Spring Boot:
Spring Boot, which is built on the Java programming language, streamlines the process of creating applications that are ready for deployment by employing a convention-over-configuration methodology. The platform provides a variety of functionalities to construct resilient and scalable backend systems. Embark on a digital journey with Nivida Web Solutions - the most distinguished Web development company in Gujarat. Let's create a stunning, functional website tailored to your business!
6. Ruby on Rails:
Ruby on Rails, also referred to as Rails, is renowned for its high level of efficiency and user-friendly nature. The framework employs the Ruby programming language and places a strong emphasis on convention over configuration, facilitating expedited development processes.
7. ASP.NET Core:
ASP.NET Core is a highly adaptable and efficient cross-platform framework that facilitates the development of backend solutions through the utilisation of the C# programming language. The product provides exceptional performance, robust security measures, and effortless compatibility with many systems.
8. Laravel:
Laravel, a framework developed using the PHP programming language, is well-acknowledged for its sophisticated syntax and user-centric functionalities. The utilisation of this technology streamlines intricate operations such as authentication, caching, and routing, hence facilitating an expedited development procedure.
9. NestJS:
NestJS is a Node.js framework that adheres to the architectural patterns established by Angular, hence exhibiting a progressive nature. The software possesses a high degree of modularity, hence facilitating the scalability and maintenance of applications. NestJS places a strong emphasis on the principles of maintainability and testability.
10. RubyMine:
RubyMine is an influential integrated development environment (IDE) designed specifically for the purpose of facilitating Ruby on Rails development. The software provides advanced code assistance, navigation, and debugging functionalities, hence augmenting the efficiency of Ruby developers. Looking for a standout web presence? Let Nivida Web Solutions - the most popular Web development company in India craft a website that impresses. Reach out now and let's get started!
11. PyCharm:
PyCharm, an integrated development environment (IDE) designed specifically for the Python programming language, is extensively utilised in the realm of backend development. The software offers intelligent code completion, comprehensive code analysis, and integrated tools to facilitate fast development and debugging processes.
12. IntelliJ IDEA:
IntelliJ IDEA, a widely utilised integrated development environment (IDE), provides comprehensive support for multiple programming languages, encompassing Java, Kotlin, and many more. The software is renowned for its advanced coding assistance and efficient capabilities, which greatly assist backend developers in producing code of superior quality.
13. Visual Studio Code (VSCode):
VSCode is a code editor that is known for its lightweight nature and open-source nature. Due to its extensive extension library and high level of customizability, this platform is widely favoured by backend developers due to its versatile nature.
14. Postman
Postman is an efficient and powerful application programming interface (API) testing tool that streamlines the process of doing backend testing and facilitating communication among developers. This tool facilitates the efficient design, testing, and documentation of APIs, hence assuring a smooth integration process. Every click counts in the digital world. Partner with Nivida Web Solutions - one of the top Web development companies in Vadodara to create a user-friendly, engaging website. Choose Nivida Web Solutions to boost your online impact!
15. Swagger:
Swagger, currently recognised as the OpenAPI Specification, serves to enable the process of designing, documenting, and evaluating APIs. The standardised structure of API description facilitates the seamless and uncomplicated integration process.
16. MongoDB:
MongoDB, a widely adopted NoSQL database, has notable advantages in terms of scalability, flexibility, and superior performance. Due to its capacity to effectively manage substantial quantities of data and accommodate various data models, it is extensively employed in the realm of backend development.
17. PostgreSQL:
PostgreSQL, an open-source relational database management system, is widely recognised for its robustness, adaptability, and comprehensive SQL capabilities. This option is highly recommended for projects that necessitate a resilient backend data repository.
18. Redis:
Redis is an essential component for caching and real-time analytics due to its ability to store data structures in memory. The indispensability of this technology lies in its high performance and its capability to effectively manage data structures, hence facilitating the optimisation of backend processes.
19. Kafka:
Apache Kafka is a distributed streaming platform that handles real-time data processing. It's commonly used for building scalable, fault-tolerant backend systems that require high-throughput data ingestion and processing. Dive into the digital era with a website that wows! Collaborate with Nivida Web Solutions - one of the leading Web development companies in Gujarat and boost your online presence.
20. Docker:
Docker is a containerization technology that facilitates the streamlined deployment and scalability of programs. The utilisation of containers enables backend developers to encapsulate their programmes and associated dependencies, hence ensuring uniformity and adaptability across diverse contexts.
Final Thoughts:
It is of utmost importance for developers to be updated on the most recent backend development technologies in order to effectively offer applications that are efficient, scalable, and safe. The compendium of the foremost 20 backend development tools projected for the year 2023 encompasses an extensive array of functions, adeptly accommodating the multifarious requirements of backend development endeavours. These technologies provide developers with the ability to enhance their backend development endeavours and provide users with outstanding experiences, whether through the creation of real-time applications, database management, or performance optimisation. Your website is your digital storefront. Make it appealing! Contact Nivida Web Solutions - one of the most renowned Web development companies in India and design a website that captivates your audience. Get started now!
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Mastering Java A Comprehensive Online Training Experience
Introduction:
In the fast-paced realm of software development, Java stands as a cornerstone programming language, powering applications across diverse domains. To harness the full potential of Java, our online training program offers an immersive and comprehensive learning experience. Whether you're a novice eager to embark on your coding journey or an experienced developer aiming to refine your Java skills, our course is meticulously designed to cater to all skill levels.
Section 1: The Importance of Java in Today's Tech Landscape
Java's robustness, portability, and versatility make it a preferred choice for building scalable and secure applications. With a vast community and an extensive ecosystem of libraries and frameworks, Java continues to be a driving force in the software development industry. Our Java online training program recognizes the significance of this programming language and aims to empower individuals with the skills needed to navigate the intricacies of Java development confidently.
Section 2: Curriculum Overview
Our Java online training curriculum is structured to provide a comprehensive understanding of the language, covering both fundamental and advanced concepts. The course begins with an introduction to Java basics, including variables, data types, and control structures. As participants progress, they delve into more complex topics such as object-oriented programming, multithreading, and exception handling.
The curriculum is enriched with real-world examples and hands-on projects to ensure practical application of theoretical knowledge. Participants will gain a deep understanding of Java's syntax, best practices, and design principles, setting the stage for proficient and efficient coding practices.
Section 3: Interactive Learning Platform
Learning Java is not just about reading textbooks; it's about hands-on experience and practical application. Our online training platform is designed to provide an interactive and dynamic learning environment. Participants have access to a variety of resources, including video lectures, coding exercises, quizzes, and collaborative projects. The platform fosters a sense of community, allowing participants to engage with instructors and fellow learners, enhancing the overall learning experience.
Section 4: Industry-Relevant Projects
To bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world application, our Java online training program includes industry-relevant projects. These projects are designed to simulate actual development scenarios, giving participants the opportunity to apply their skills in a practical setting. Working on projects enhances problem-solving abilities, promotes creativity, and prepares participants for the challenges they may encounter in their professional careers.
Section 5: Expert Guidance
Our team of experienced instructors comprises industry professionals with extensive Java expertise. Participants benefit from their wealth of knowledge, receiving guidance on best practices, industry trends, and valuable insights. The interactive nature of the online training program allows for direct communication with instructors, ensuring that participants can seek clarification, ask questions, and receive personalized feedback.
Section 6: Flexibility and Accessibility
Recognizing the diverse schedules of our participants, our Java online training program is designed to be flexible and accessible. Whether you are a full-time professional, a student, or someone with other commitments, our asynchronous learning model allows you to progress through the course at your own pace. Additionally, the course materials are accessible from anywhere with an internet connection, providing the convenience of learning from the comfort of your own space.
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Section 7: Certification and Career Support
Upon successful completion of the Java online training program, participants receive a certification that validates their skills and knowledge. This certification is a valuable asset for both entry-level developers and experienced professionals seeking career advancement. In addition to the certification, our program offers career support services, including resume building, interview preparation, and job placement assistance, empowering participants to make a seamless transition into the workforce or advance within their current roles.
Conclusion:
Mastering Java is a journey that opens doors to a world of opportunities in software development. Our Java online training program is crafted with precision, offering a holistic and engaging learning experience. Whether you are starting from scratch or looking to enhance your Java skills, our program equips you with the knowledge, practical experience, and industry insights needed to thrive in the dynamic landscape of java full stack developer. Join us on this transformative learning journey and unlock your full potential in the world of Java programming.
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Unlock the Power of Java Programming
Java, renowned for its versatility and widespread use, is a programming language that empowers developers to build a wide range of applications. If you're looking to master Java programming and enhance your career prospects, Technolearn Training Institute in Pune offers comprehensive Java Classes in Katraj that can help you achieve your goals.
The Java classes in Katraj at Technolearn Training Institute cover all the essential concepts and techniques needed to become a proficient Java developer. From the fundamentals of Java programming to advanced topics like object-oriented programming, multithreading, exception handling, and database connectivity, the course curriculum is designed to provide a solid foundation in Java development.
Led by industry-experienced instructors, the Java Classes in Katraj at Technolearn Training Institute ensure a holistic learning experience. Through a combination of theory sessions, practical exercises, coding assignments, and real-world projects, students gain hands-on experience and develop the necessary skills to tackle Java programming challenges.
Technolearn Training Institute is equipped with state-of-the-art facilities, including well-equipped computer labs with the latest software and tools. The institute also provides access to a vast library of reference materials and resources, enabling students to explore and deepen their understanding of Java programming.
Upon successful completion of the Java Classes in Katraj, students acquire comprehensive knowledge of Java programming and gain the confidence to build robust and scalable applications. They also receive a certificate that validates their skills and enhances their employability in the competitive job market.
Technolearn Training Institute also offers placement assistance to its students. The institute has established connections with leading companies and industry professionals, opening doors to various career opportunities and internships in reputable organizations.
Enrolling in Java Classes in Katraj at Technolearn Training Institute is a stepping stone towards becoming a skilled Java developer. Expand your programming expertise, stay ahead in the ever-evolving software industry, and unlock a world of possibilities with Java programming.
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Belajar Bahasa Pemrograman PHP Untuk Pemula
Bahasa Pemrograman
In my quest to find the perfect bootstrap builder, I've tried out a few options. I checked the community forum for this issue but couldn't find it. GulpJS technologies, and provides an extended license for using them an unlimited number of times in an unlimited number of projects! This template is free to use, distribute, and edit for commercial projects. In practice, government households continue to strive to create a just and equitable economy for all levels of society. Similar to household consumers, household producers must also support a proportional fiscal burden for the government. This would allow you to place an image - commonly a transparent PNG for a branding image or logo - over the background picture, aligned with the text (left/center/right). This would enable you to choose a backdrop image or color layer (with configurable overlay) but then cut and paste any user code into the block's next higher layer.
Find the perfect art wallpaper in Unsplash's massive, curated collection of HD photos. Each photo is optimized for your screen and free to use for all. Because the overlay tool is available, I've avoided using a bootstrap carousel on landing pages in favor of a single picture header. Selain itu, Ruby juga mempunyai kelebihan lain yaitu memiliki exception handling yang baik, bahasa Pemrograman Berorientasi Objek, mengusung konsep single inheritance, serta bersifat Open Source. 1. Peserta diklat mampu melakukan persiapan pemrograman berbasis web untuk proses pembuatan sebuah web site. Karena fungsionalitasnya yang memungkinkan aplikasi java mampu berjalan di beberapa platform sistem operasi yang berbeda, java dikenal pula dengan slogannya, "Tulis sekali, jalankan di mana pun". Ini semua dilakukan demi memungkinkan masyarakat untuk hidup layak dan damai. Bahasa ini sulit dibaca manusia karena erat dengan penulisan kode mesin dan berhubungan dengan komponen hardware pada komputer. Contoh aplikasi lain yang lebih kompleks berupa CMS yang dibangun menggunakan PHP adalah Wordpress, Mambo, Joomla, Postnuke, Xaraya, dan lain-lain. Jadi, kertas makanan lain dari konsumen adalah proporsional dengan berbagai faktor produksi. Kemudian, setelah melepas kertas konsumennya, produsen besar yang mengkonsumsi faktor produksi yang proporsional untuk konsumen konsumen yang besar. Organisasi bisnis atau bisnis didirikan oleh orang atau blok untuk memproduksi barang atau layanan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan komunitas atas nama produk besar. Bukan itu saja , bahasa pemrograma ini juga mengembangan perusahaan besar seperti google, yahoo dan lain lain.
Ini berguna untuk mengembangkan server-side web ketika suatu website membutuhkan informasi dari server. Atas dasar usia 15 tahun sudah diperkenalkan teknologi komputer dan usia 15 tahun ini ada di bangku Sekolah Menengah Pertama atau kelas 9. Pembagian segmentasi, target audien dan posisi interaktif sangat diperhatikan agar interaktif yang akan dihasilkan bisa sesuai dengan kondisi masyarakat sekitar, yang secara tidak langsung dapat membuat Website lebih efisien dalam proses pengerjaan. Python adalah salah bahasa pemrograman tingkat tinggi yang sangat populer. Bahasa pemrograman Typescript memiliki karakter tambahan fitur strong-typing dan konsep pemrograman OOP klasik (class, interface). MATLAB banyak digunakan dalam industri visi komputer dan juga dalam industri grafis. IDCloudhost menyediakan layanan Web Hosting Terbaik dengan kemudahan transaksi dalam pembelian, seperti beli domain, beli hosting, dan membeli layanan IDCloudhost dengan berbagai pilihan metode pembayaran. Menggunakan JavaScript dapat membantu Anda membuat situs web yang menarik dan interaktif. 7. JavaScript JavaScript sudah ada sejak tahun 1994. Kala itu internet dan web mulai berkembang pesat. IDCloudHost menggunakan Teknologi seperti Solid-State Drive (SSD), Litespeed, Cloudflare, Cloudlinux, dan lainnya sebagai jaminan untuk kebutuhan Anda yang maksimal. Python sering digunakan untuk mengembangkan berbagai aplikasi, termasuk layanan keuangan, data science, dan banyak lainnya. CD sebagai penampung data dari Website, dengan desain cover yang minimalis, menyederhanakan sebuah visi misi dari Keyna Galeri dengan menonjolkan sisi streamline dan kubis.
Sampul CD adalah tempat untuk menyimpan CD dan melindungi CD dengan desain yang terbagi 2 bagian, tampak depan dan belakang. 2.2.6.5.b Koneksi PHP dengan MySQL Untuk menggabungkan bahasa pemograman PHP dan MySQL dibutuhkan beberapa perintah khusus, yaitu : 1. Pembuatan koneksi antara server dari MySQL dengan web server tempat menyimpan halaman web, perintahnya : ? Sehingga kalau kamu kesulitan, tidak perlu kepentok sendirian karena banyak komunitas tempat pejuang Python belajar bareng. Selain mudah dimengerti, pemakaian Python juga sangat populer. Pemrograman web adalah bidang yang sejak dulu sangat menjanjikan untuk dipelajari. Dalam aktivitas ekonomi, kertas konsumen rumah tangga sangat penting. Dalam beberapa hal, apa yang Anda ketahui sebagai konsumen adalah sekelompok orang atau orang yang melakukan aktivitas konsumen. Hal ini bertujuan agar animasi atau aplikasi interaktif dapat digunakan di media komputer atau laptop, tanpa kendala perbedaan sistem operasi. Saat ini java merupakan bahasa pemrograman yang paling populer digunakan, dan secara luas dimanfaatkan dalam pengembangan berbagai jenis perangkat lunak aplikasi ataupun aplikasi berbasis web. Mengontrol tingkat harga dan inflasi. OS Unix, tapi kemudian mulai dibangun efisiensi dan sistem dukungan untuk pemrograman tingkat rendah (low level coding) hingga dapat berfungsi dengan maksimal sebagai bahasa pemrograman berorientasi objek. Berikut adalah beberapa fungsi rumah tangga pemerintah dalam kegiatan ekonomi suatu negara: Meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan pembangunan lapangan kerja.
Berbagai kebijakan yang diterapkan antara lain kebijakan fiskal, kebijakan moneter, dan kebijakan ekonomi internasional. Bertindak sebagai penyedia dan pemohon Menggunakan hasil pajak untuk membangun fasilitas umum. Sebagai produsen, peran rumah tangga pemerintah adalah memproduksi barang atau jasa untuk memenuhi kepentingan umum. Dari orang-orang yang terlibat sebagai organisasi atau pengusaha putra aktor ekonomi yang mewujudkan kegiatan ekonomi dalam bentuk produksi, konsumsi, dan distribusi. Sama seperti Python, Javascript adalah bahasa pemrograman tingkat tinggi yang populer dan banyak digunakan berbagai bidang organisasi. Pelaku ekonomi juga dapat menafsirkan sebagai orang atau organisasi yang memengaruhi motivasi ekonomi, memutuskan, memproduksi, membeli, atau menjual. Jika Anda tertarik dalam pengembangan web, apakah Anda lebih suka bekerja di bagian depan (front end) atau belakang (back end)? PHP sering dianggap sebagai bahasa pemrograman back end, yang artinya ia kurang lebih dipakai untuk menangani interkoneksi antara server dan data daripada menangani keseluruhan tampilan/GUI (front end).
Post Previous Programmer adalah profesi paling menjanjikan di tahun 2024-2025. Next Post FIK-IT UMSU-UNIMAP Mahasiswa bisa transfer poin Setelah teknologi yang kita gunakan sehari-hari telah tercipta dalam sistem yang kompleks dan menarik. Pascal ditemukan oleh Nicklaus Wirth tahun 1971. Bahasa ini awalnya dibuat untuk pengajaran pemrograman. Artikel ini menjelaskan pengertian, fungsi, hingga contoh bahasa pemrograman yang sering digunakan di Indonesia. Objective - C merupakan Bahasa pemrograman yang sering digunakan pada perangkat lunak atau software pada sebuah perangkat keras. Dimana, ruby memiliki peranan sebagai penggabung berbagai Bahasa pemrograman atau coding - coding yang ada pada suatu proyek pengembangan. Bahasa pemrograman dasar adalah bahasa yang dekat dengan kode mesin atau bahasa komputer asli. Bahasa pemrograman tingkat rendah adalah bahasa yang dekat dengan kode mesin atau bahasa asli komputer. Maka dari itu, tidak mengherankan jika bahasa pemrograman SAS menjadi salah satu yang terkenal pada waktu itu. Keluaran atau hasil dari bahasa pemrograman adalah sistem operasi, aplikasi desktop, aplikasi mobile, website, bahkan perangkat teknologi yang biasa kamu gunakan sehari-hari seperti ponsel. Produksi barang atau jasa dilakukan oleh instansi pemerintah yaitu BUMN. PHP diciptakan oleh Rasmus Lerdorf pertama kali tahun 1994. Pada awalnya PHP adalah singkatan dari "Personal Home Page Tools".
JavaScript · Bootstrap - Javascript, Web development Python tidak diragukan lagi berada di urutan teratas dalam daftar programmer terbaik kami tahun ini. Bahasa ini sering digunakan untuk membuat website interaktif dan mengelola behavior website. PHP bersifat open source sehingga memungkinkan pengguna dapat bebas memodifikasi sesuai kebutuhan dan setiap orang bebas menggunakannya tanpa harus mengeluarkan biaya. Sebagai general-purpose programming language, Python memungkinkan developer untuk menggunakan gaya pemrograman berbeda, seperti fungsional, reflective, object-oriented, dan sebagainya. Kemudian pada Juni 1998, perusahaan tersebut merilis interpreter baru untuk PHP dan meresmikan rilis tersebut sebagai PHP 3.0 dan singkatan PHP diubah menjadi akronim berulang PHP: Hypertext Preprocessing. Kemudian sebagai konsumen, peran rumah tangga pemerintah adalah mengalokasikan dana untuk membeli berbagai faktor produksi yang akan digunakan untuk memproduksi barang dan jasa. Manfaat utama bahasa tingkat tinggi dibanding bahasa tingkat rendah adalah bahwa bahasa tingkat tinggi lebih mudah dibaca, ditulis, dan dipelihara.
Anda dapat memutuskan bahwa para pelaku ekonomi adalah bagian dari sistem ekonomi yang mewujudkan kegiatan ekonomi. Seperti yang kita tahu bahwa PHP bukanlah satu-satunya bahasa penulisan skrip sisi server yang bisa digunakan. Untuk bisa menguasainya, Anda tentunya harus mempelajari bahasa pemrograman web terlebih dahulu. Mau tidak mau, Pascal harus diterima menjadi bahasa pemrograman pertama. Sehingga tidak heran bahasa pemrograman ini, memunculkan web yang memiliki struktu yang dinamis. Pilihan-pilihan browser internet tersebut adalah contoh keluaran dari bahasa pemrograman. C tentu saja untuk mendukung Bahasa pemrogramannya yang serupa tersebut. Pada praktiknya, PHP sering digunakan untuk komunikasi sisi server (script server side). Javascript cocok digunakan untuk web development, mobile apps, game development, dan membuat web server. Ini berfungsi sebagai penghubung komunikasi antara komputer dan manusia (programmer). Jika hal ini tidak terjadi maka akan sulit untuk mengontrol robot selama 24 jam. RevoU Mini-Course: Introduction to Data Analytics akan menjelaskan banyak hal berhubungan dengan Python. Structured Query Language atau SQL adalah bahasa pemrograman yang dapat digunakan untuk memanipulasi data dan membuat query. Selain itu, salah satu peran hogares productores adalah producir bienes atau service.
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Got myself in a mental rut and didn’t do life things that needed to be done, but I finished off whatever required grading for the entirety of Monday (minus 2 code-alongs). I’m gonna be skipping after attendance to do the life things I was supposed to do. And I will need to review the following:
Postgres: Indexing and Index Types
Group By and Order By Clauses
Distinct, Union, Intersect, and Except
Postgres: Functions
Java: File Handling
#x-#t#weekend wrapup#honestly probably need to relearn SQL in it’s entirety#nothing went through my brain last week and this week is not looking promising#and there was a lot of contradictions between the lectures and content
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A discussion of the newly released Electric Clojure by Hyperfiddle. What is Electric? "Electric Clojure, a reactive Clojure/Script dialect for web UI with compiler-managed client/server data sync." What does that mean? You write a single piece of code, e.g. a UI component function, and hint which parts need to run on the server vs. the client. "The Electric compiler performs deep graph analysis of your unified frontend/backend program to automatically determine the optimal network cut, and then compile it into separate client and server target programs that cooperate and anticipate each other's needs." Thus you program as if there was no hard client-server divide (no 2 separate files with REST calls in between) and Electric handles splitting it up and managing the communication between them on your behalf. It is groundbreaking and fascinating, with potential to significantly simplify web apps. Go read more about it.
Highlights from the discussion (many comments by the founder):
[..] we're seeing 10x LOC reduction (18k to 2k) in rebuilding Electric's sister project, Hyperfiddle (a spreadsheet like tool for robust UI development), as well as massive gains in performance.
NOTE: Til now focus was on correct program semantics, now started work on DX etc.
Our DOM module is only 300 LOC - it's bare metal DOM point writes + Electric (reactive language) + macros for JSX-y syntax. When the programming language itself is reactive, DOM rendering falls out for free.
Mechanically, Electric is comparable to Solid.js except the reactive engine (missionary) is general purpose, not coupled to DOM rendering, which is a special case of incremental view maintenance.
[..] over-abstracting is a primary risk and has been top of mind for us since project conception in ~2012. [..] Electric is an attempt to find exactly the right level of abstraction. The goal is to remove and flatten layers, not add them, thus decreasing abstraction weight in the end if we succeed. Maybe we fail, but first let me share some details about how we think about this:
I've personally failed to build this project several times, Electric Clojure is something like the 7th attempt.
strong composition model as a starting point, based on category theory generalization of "function" -> "async function" -> "reactive function" -> "stream function" -> "distributed function". [..] (This rigor is in response to the past failures.)
Functional effect system (monad stuff) at the bottom, which provides strong semantics guarantees about glitch-free reactive propagation, process supervision (like Erlang) (transparent propagation of cancellation and failure), strong resource cleanup guarantees (DOM nodes can never be left hanging, event handlers can never fail to be detached and disposed). Already this results in tighter operational semantics than we have ever achieved with manual resource management (and, again, we tried, see past failures).
Electric affords the programmer trapdoors to the underlying FRP/concurrency primitives. Electric is essentially a Clojure-to-FRP compiler, so if you code raw concurrency and effect management, that actually typechecks with what Electric generates, allowing seamless transition in and out of the abstraction.
3k LOC + 3k test LOC is the size of Electric today (includes a rewrite of the Clojure analyzer). Spring Framework is, let me go check, 59k just for spring-core/src/main/java, and there are like 20 other modules I excluded. Indeed it is not a fair comparison but certainly we have complexity budget to spare.
About Missionary: "Missionary is a reactive dataflow programming toolkit providing referentially transparent operators for lazy continuous signals, eager discrete streams, and IO actions. Missionary aims to improve over state-of-the-art reactive systems, it can be used as a general-purpose asynchronous programming toolkit but also as a basis for event streaming and incremental computations." Electric uses it for functional effects and as its reactive engine.
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