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racing-blokart · 10 months ago

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Open European Ice-Blokart Championships 2024

The Open European Ice-Blokart championships took place on January 26-28 and demanded special patience from the organizers - from the beginning of January, Lithuania and the surrounding European countries were covered by a thick layer of snow, which in some places reached more than 20 cm. The search for suitable ice for this championship was long and persistent. A week before the competition, the Lithuanian reservoirs looked the most optimal - they were chosen between the Curonian Lagoon in the west, Lake Paežeriai in Vilkaviškis and Lake Rėkyva in the center of Lithuania.

Finally, the cyclone that arose at the beginning of last week brought relief and dark clouds - heavy rains melted the snow and only 2 days before the start of the competition, the organizers could capture the location of the event - Lake Rėkyva in Šiauliai with a 22 cm thick ice cover without snow.

Foto: Rolandas Laurutavičius

Close to 30 sailors from Lithuania, South Britain and New Zealand gathered on the ice to catch the wind.

If on Thursday during the training the athletes simply flew on the still wet ice, then on Friday - the first day of the championship - the sailors could only walk on the surface of the lake, because the promised breeze did not blow any stronger. Even the lightest - ultra-lightweights, who have completed 3 races - barely moved.

On Saturday, it was decided for the athletes to advance the starts. From 8 o'clock in the morning, an average wind of 4-5 m/s was blowing, which made it possible to race a lot - 5 races for each group - and gave the sailors speed and racing excitement.

Foto: Rolandas Laurutavičius

Athletes sailed the upwind-downwind course by zigzag maneuvering. Races were won by athletes who were more technical and reacted better to the wind speed and its turns. Correct tactics were also important, which allowed the leaders to "exploit" the wind that was not disturbed by the opponents' sails.

Blokarters ran at the highest speeds in the leeward part of the distance - even when the wind was only 4-5 m/s strong, they reached a speed of up to 40 km/h. This means that due to the laws of physics, Ice-blokarts more than doubled the speed of the wind. However, in order to reach and maintain maximum speed, athletes had to employ developed skills and observation, especially in light winds.

Foto: Rolandas Laurutavičius

Jonas Mažunavičius, a local athlete sailing in Rėkyva, confidently won in the ultra-lightweight group, scoring 8 points. The middle weight category was also dominated by Greta Kalinauskaitė, a pupil of the sports center "Atžalynas" from Šiauliai, who defeated Karolis Atkočaitis from Neringa, winning all but one of the races. Perhaps the fiercest fight - point to point - took place in the heavyweight category between Vykintas and Matas Mizgiris. Everything was decided during the last run, on Sunday - after turning the windward mark on the last straight of the distance, Vykintas managed to sail more tactically. He managed to catch up and overtake Matas and cross the finish line first. With this victory, he tied the score on points and became European champion. In the super heavyweight category, Lithuanian also dominated - Antanas Golubovskis from Nida sailing club "Vetrungis" defeated the representative of N. Zealand, Stephen Weir, scoring 5 points and won gold.

TOP3 results: Ultra lightweight Production

Jonas Mažunavičius (Šiauliai), 8 points.

Teresė Mizgirytė (Neringa), 16 points.

Matas Jorudas (Šiauliai), 19 points.

Mediums Performance

Greta Kalinauskaitė (Šiauliai) 5 points.

Karolis Atkočaitis (Neringa) 9 points.

Louise Weir (UK) 17 pts.

Heavyweights Performance 1. Vykintas Mizgiris (Neringa) 7 points. 2. Matas Mizgiris (Neringa) 7 points. 3. Gediminas Petrauskas (Priekulė) 14 points.

Super heavyweights Performance 1. Antanas Golubovskis (Neringa) 5 points. 2. Stephen Weir (N. Zealand) 9 pts. 3. Andrew Hartwell (D.Britanija) 15 pts

Detailed results: https://lt.regattas.eu/regatta/ice-blokart-euros-2024

#ice-sailing #ice-blokart #sailing #blokart #european championship

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sharkinlovewithadolphin · 3 years ago

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Tag game

Tagged by @died-by-the-scimitar thank you!! :D 1. what is the color of your hairbrush? shaft is made of bamboo wood, the brushes themselves are black

2. name a food you never eat: uhhhh idk, I’m quite picky, especially with the texture of food, so if the texture is gross and it’s too big to not chew in, i will usually try to avoid eating it.

3. what were you doing 45 mins ago? watching an old try guys video

4. what’s your favorite candy bar? I don’t really have any

5. have you ever been to a professional sports game? Yes, a football game when I was 9, and I hated every second of it lol. I really want to go watch a handball game, though.

6. what is the last thing you said out loud? “Nå” (means like.. “well then” ish)

7. what is your favorite ice cream? chocolate, vanilla, caramel

8. what was the last thing you had to drink? water

9. do you like your wallet? no

10. what is the last thing you ate? An ice cream

11. did you buy any new clothes last weekend? no

12. what’s the last sporting event you watched? I mean my mom watches the eurogames in football right now, so every now and then I watch like 1 or 2 minutes when I pass the living room, but the last game i sat down and actually watched was men’s handball earlier this year.

13. what is your favorite flavor of popcorn? just... salty? lol

14. who is the last person you sent a text message to? a friend a few hours ago, telling her i would start charging her after she wrote that she lived rent free in my head

15. ever been camping? nope. I think I want to try it though

16. do you take vitamins? no, but I should (especially d-vitamins, considering how low my numbers have been since.. always), I got them lying around and everything but I sort of just don’t take them

17. do you regularly attend a place of worship? no

18. do you have a tan? nope

19. do you prefer Chinese or pizza? it really depends on my mood honestly, either is usually neat

20. do you drink your soda through a straw? no, i don’t drink soda and i don’t use straws

21. what color socks do you usually wear? black or white, but i also have some pastel colored and fruit motive ones

22. do you ever drive above the speed limit? not intentionally lol, but i do catch myself accidently driving a little too fast (usually never more than 5-15 km/h above, and i always slow down once i notice).

23. what terrifies you? life. failure. the future. death of my dog. being stuck unable to reach goals

24. look to your left, what do you see? The side of my closet that’s covered in fandom and art postcards from redbubble

25. what chore do you hate most? dishes, changing the sheets, cleaning the bathroom, taking out the trash

26. what do you think of when you hear an Australian accent? g’day mate + harurinralia

27. what’s your favorite soda? i don’t drink sodas anymore, but if i should it’s usually a wannabe cola or something citrus fruity ish

28. do you go in a fast food place or just hit the drive thru? I don’t go to fast food places, but if i did i would go in

29. what’s your favorite number? 4

30. who’s the last person you talked to? my mom

31. favorite cut of beef? i don’t eat beef often, and i’m not sure what this even means lol

32. last song you listened to? Lewis Capaldi - Don’t Get Me Wrong

33. last book you read? Reading tipping the velvet right now, last book I finished was Romeo and Juliet I think

34. favorite day of the week? Also saturday

35. can you say the alphabet backwards? no

36. how do you like your coffee? I don’t like coffee, the smell on its own is.. nope

37. favorite pair of shoes? Don’t have a favorite. I used to love my black converses, but my feet are more happy with my current sketchers.

38. time you normally get up? usually never before 7 (after school turned virtual for most of my last semester and i also stopped having morning shifts at work), and lately not before 9

39. what do you prefer, sunrise or sunsets? i love both, but i think i prefer sunsets, just ‘cause they’re easier to catch and (as you said, Fra) more colorful in terms of purple and pink etc.

40. how many blankets on your bed? one and my duvet, but I have 2 blankets across my bedframe since its made of metal and my bed is up against the always-cold wall towards our apartment stairs.

41. describe your kitchen very typical early 2000s danish style, hasn’t been updated in 20 years (except for my mom painting the walls a pastel pink), but not like in an outdated-ugly way i think

42. describe your kitchen at the moment. some papers on the table, bread (packaged), and my mom’s figures and stones collecting dust

43. do you have a favorite alcoholic drink? I don’t drink alcohol either eeeeyh

44. do you play cards? no, but I used to love it when I was a kid, mainly go fish

45. what color is your car? I don’t have one, but my mom’s is silver

46. can you change a tire? I’ve never tried it, but I think I got the idea and might be able to should I ever need to. My mom’s husband usually changes them on her car.

47. your favorite state? I’m not american, never set foot near america, BUT i think i like alaska, west virginia, and such, just for the environment (as seen through pictures)

48. favorite job you’ve had? I quite liked cleaning at private homes (of people I knew), which I’ve done a few times before. I work at a store right now (and have been for 3 years), though that is far from something I want to continue, to put it lightly. I got a job as a mentor (helping kids with homework and such), but I’ve yet to get any mentees, so I still can’t quite say much about it :/ Tagging: @hamykia @dandelionmeadow @nenufair @pilarsalazr @spacewitchqueen @happensweet @scimitar-and-longsword @ladyzeia @nicolosfaith

#about me #long post #tag game

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brookstonalmanac · 3 years ago

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Events 7.21

356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson. 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. 285 – Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar and co-ruler. 365 – The 365 Crete earthquake affects the Greek island of Crete with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), causing a destructive tsunami that affects the coasts of Libya and Egypt, especially Alexandria. Many thousands were killed. 905 – King Berengar I of Italy and a hired Hungarian army defeats the Frankish forces at Verona. King Louis III is captured and blinded for breaking his oath (see 902). 1242 – Battle of Taillebourg: Louis IX of France puts an end to the revolt of his vassals Henry III of England and Hugh X of Lusignan. 1403 – Battle of Shrewsbury: King Henry IV of England defeats rebels to the north of the county town of Shropshire, England. 1545 – The first landing of French troops on the coast of the Isle of Wight during the French invasion of the Isle of Wight. 1568 – Eighty Years' War: Battle of Jemmingen: Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva defeats Louis of Nassau. 1645 – Qing dynasty regent Dorgon issues an edict ordering all Han Chinese men to shave their forehead and braid the rest of their hair into a queue identical to those of the Manchus. 1656 – The Raid on Málaga takes place during the Anglo-Spanish War. 1718 – The Treaty of Passarowitz between the Ottoman Empire, Austria and the Republic of Venice is signed. 1774 – Russo-Turkish War (1768–74): Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca ending the war. 1798 – French campaign in Egypt and Syria: Napoleon's forces defeat an Ottoman-Mamluk army near Cairo in the Battle of the Pyramids. 1831 – Inauguration of Leopold I of Belgium, first king of the Belgians. 1861 – American Civil War: First Battle of Bull Run: At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war begins and ends in a victory for the Confederate army. 1865 – In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots and kills Davis Tutt in what is regarded as the first western showdown. 1873 – At Adair, Iowa, Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang pull off the first successful train robbery in the American Old West. 1877 – After rioting by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers and the deaths of nine rail workers at the hands of the Maryland militia, workers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, stage a sympathy strike that is met with an assault by the state militia. 1904 – Louis Rigolly, a Frenchman, becomes the first man to break the 100 mph (161 km/h) barrier on land. He drove a 15-liter Gobron-Brillié in Ostend, Belgium. 1907 – The passenger steamer SS Columbia sinks after colliding with the steam schooner San Pedro off Shelter Cove, California, killing 88 people. 1919 – The dirigible Wingfoot Air Express crashes into the Illinois Trust and Savings Building in Chicago, killing 12 people. 1925 – Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, high school biology teacher John T. Scopes is found guilty of teaching human evolution in class and fined $100. 1925 – Malcolm Campbell becomes the first man to exceed 150 mph (241 km/h) on land. At Pendine Sands in Wales, he drives Sunbeam 350HP built by Sunbeam at a two-way average speed of 150.33 mph (242 km/h). 1936 – Spanish Civil War: The Central Committee of Antifascist Militias of Catalonia is constituted, establishing an anarcho-syndicalist economy in Catalonia.[3] 1944 – World War II: Battle of Guam: American troops land on Guam, starting a battle that will end on August 10. 1944 – World War II: Claus von Stauffenberg and four fellow conspirators are executed for the July 20 plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler. 1949 – The United States Senate ratifies the North Atlantic Treaty. 1952 – The 7.3 Mw  Kern County earthquake strikes Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing 12 and injuring hundreds. 1954 – First Indochina War: The Geneva Conference partitions Vietnam into North Vietnam and South Vietnam. 1959 – NS Savannah, the first nuclear-powered cargo-passenger ship, is launched as a showcase for Dwight D. Eisenhower's "Atoms for Peace" initiative. 1959 – Elijah Jerry "Pumpsie" Green becomes the first African-American to play for the Boston Red Sox, the last team to integrate. He came in as a pinch runner for Vic Wertz and stayed in as shortstop in a 2–1 loss to the Chicago White Sox. 1960 – Sirimavo Bandaranaike is elected Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, becoming the world's first female head of government 1961 – Mercury program: Mercury-Redstone 4 Mission: Gus Grissom piloting Liberty Bell 7 becomes the second American to go into space (in a suborbital mission). 1969 – Apollo program: At 02:56 UTC, astronaut Neil Armstrong becomes the first person to walk on the Moon, followed 19 minutes later by Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin. 1970 – After 11 years of construction, the Aswan High Dam in Egypt is completed. 1972 – The Troubles: Bloody Friday: The Provisional IRA detonate 22 bombs in central Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom in the space of 80 minutes, killing nine and injuring 130. 1973 – In Lillehammer, Norway, Mossad agents kill a waiter whom they mistakenly thought was involved in the 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre. 1976 – Christopher Ewart-Biggs, the British ambassador to the Republic of Ireland, is assassinated by the Provisional IRA. 1977 – The start of the four-day-long Libyan–Egyptian War. 1979 – Jay Silverheels, a Mohawk actor, becomes the first Native American to have a star commemorated in the Hollywood Walk of Fame. 1983 – The world's lowest temperature in an inhabited location is recorded at Vostok Station, Antarctica at −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F). 1990 – Taiwan's military police forces mainland Chinese illegal immigrants into sealed holds of a fishing boat Min Ping Yu No. 5540 for repatriation to Fujian, causing 25 people to die from suffocation. 1995 – Third Taiwan Strait Crisis: The People's Liberation Army begins firing missiles into the waters north of Taiwan. 2001 – At the conclusion of a fireworks display on Okura Beach in Akashi, Hyōgo, Japan, 11 people are killed and more than 120 are injured when a pedestrian footbridge connecting the beach to JR Asagiri Station becomes overcrowded and people leaving the event fall down in a domino effect. 2005 – July 2005 London bombings occur. 2008 – Ram Baran Yadav is declared the first president of Nepal. 2011 – NASA's Space Shuttle program ends with the landing of Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-135 at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. 2012 – Erden Eruç completes the first solo human-powered circumnavigation of the world.

#Events

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psychowellnesscentre-blog · 4 years ago

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Which Type of Activity Can Help a Person Burn More Fat

I know you must think what type of activity can help a person burn more fat. I have a list of exercises that help you lose weight as much as you can, but before I start, I want to say that these exercises work when you have the desire to lose weight, otherwise they will not help you.

If you are a busy person and can't go to the gym and outdoors, you can watch the 15 bodyweight exercises to lose weight. You don't need any equipment to exercise.

7 Best Exercise For Fat Burn

These are some of the exercises that solve the question- what type of activity can help a person burn more fat?

1.Jogging

Jogging is a great exercise to help you lose weight.

Harvard medical school studies that a 70 kg person can burn approximately 298 calories per thirty minutes of jogging at a speed of 8 km/h pace.

More, studies have found that jogging can help burn harmful visceral fat, generally known as belly fat.

Jogging is a great exercise that can be done anywhere and is easy to do into your weekly routine. For beginners, aim for 15-20 minutes 3-4 times per week.

If you are struggling to jog outdoors because of your joint pain. Try running on softer surfaces which will make you feel more comfortable like grass.

Nowadays many treadmills are in the market which come with cushioning surfaces, which may be easier on your joints.

2.Weight Training

Weight training is an effective choice for people looking to lose weight.

According to Harvard medical school it’s estimated that a 70kg person can burn 112 calories per 30 minutes of weight training.

Also, weight training can help you to build muscle growth and strength, which can easily raise your resting metabolic rate (RMR).

Another study found that 24 weeks of weight training gives you a 9% increase in metabolic rate in men, which equates to burning 140 more calories per day. For women, the increase in metabolic rate was nearly 50 calories or 4% per day.

3.Swimming

Swimming is a fun and unique way to lose weight and get in shape.

Harvard medical school studies that a 70kg person burns 233 calories per 30 minutes of swimming.

How you swim affects how many calories you burn. If a 70 kg person is doing backstroke, it burns 298 calories, Butterfly 409 calories, trending water 372 calories.

Another benefit of swimming is its low-impact nature, meaning that it’s easier on your joints. This makes it a great option for those who have injuries or problems in their joints.

4.Walking

Walking is one of the great and easy exercises for weight loss.

Walking is convenient and easy for beginners to start exercising without feeling overwhelmed or needing to buy equipment. And, it's a lower-impact exercise, which means it doesn’t stress on your joints.

According to Harvard medical school, it’s estimated that a 70kg person burns approximately 167 calories per half hour of walking at a moderate speed of 6.4 km/h.

You can do this exercise easily into your daily routine-for example you replace driving by walking to your office, school, college etc.

For better results try walking during your lunch break, taking your dog for extra walks or taking the stairs at work.

For beginners, aim to walk 30 minutes 2-3 times a week. You can increase your walks as you become more comfortable doing this exercise.

5.Interval Training

Interval training is popular with the name of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), that refers to short bursts of intense exercise that alternate with recovery periods.

High-Intensity interval training workout of 10-30 minutes can burn a lot of calories that means high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can help you burn more calories while spending less time exercising.

Moreover, many studies have shown that high-intensity interval training is especially effective at burning belly fat.

6.Yoga

Yoga is a popular way to relieve stress and exercise.

While it's not usually thought of as a weight loss exercise, it burns less calories and offers many health benefits that can help you to lose weight.

Harvard medical school studied that a 70 kg person burned approximately 150 calories per half hour of practicing yoga.

According to the yoga group, they experienced improvements in mental and physical well-being.

Apart from burning calories, studies have shown that yoga can teach us mindfulness, which can help you to avoid unhealthy foods and better understanding of your appetite.

Most of the gyms offer yoga classes but you can practice yoga with reading blogs and watching yoga videos.

You can do yoga at your home, as it gives you a comfortable environment.

Also, visit best psychologists in India for more details

7.Cycling

Cycling is a popular exercise that improves your stamina and helps you lose weight.

Although cycling is a traditionally outdoors thing, many fitness centers and gyms have stationary bikes that allow you to cycle while not going outside.

Harvard medical school studied that a 70 kg person burns 260 calories per half hour of cycling on a stationary bike at a normal speed or 298 calories per half on a bicycle at a normal speed of 19-22.4 km/h.

Not only is cycling good for weight loss, but studies have found that people who ride cycle daily have better fitness or a great shape, a lower risk of heart disease and insulin sensitivity.

Cycling is great for all people from beginners to athletes. Plus, it’s a non-weight-bearing and low impact exercise, so it won’t get much stress in your joints.

How Much Weight will I Lose Doing These Exercises ?

How much weight will you expect to lose from those exercises which are mentioned in above. So, it depends on many factors.

This include:-

1. Age- Older people tend to carry less muscle mass and more fat mass. Which decreases your RMR, A less RMR can make it more difficult to lose weight.

2. Starting Weight- People who have more weight they lose more pounds and those who have less weight they lose less pounds but still, the percentage of body weight loss is the same.

3. Diet- Weight loss depends on what type of diet you follow, Thus a calorie deficit is important to lose weight.

4. Medical Conditions- People with medical conditions like hypothyroidism and depression may lose weight at a slower rate.

5. Sleep- Studies have shown that a lack of sleep may slow the rate at which you lose weight and increase your cravings towards unhealthy foods.

These are some factors which can differ your weight loss results.

I hope you get your answers of what type of activity can help a person burn more fat. But remember 20% workout and 70% diet is the thumb rule to get a better physique. So diet is a major role in getting results. If you like that diet so you can continue the rest of your life to stay healthy.

#lose weight #weight training #best psychologists in india #bodyweight exercises

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mikerickson · 5 years ago

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Well that was one hell of a trip. And of course it wouldn’t be official without a bullet point wrap-up:

That was my first time flying international and apparently this is the normal way of doing it, but I didn’t like leaving the east coast in the evening and landing in Europe first thing in the morning local time. I can’t sleep on planes, and then you have to play the “we can’t go to sleep yet or we won’t adjust” game. I feel like it’d be easier to leave in the morning East Coast time and land in the evening in Europe, but what do I know?

My perpetually-sensitive tooth in the top left started hurting during our layover in Charlotte and really kicked in during the main flight. When I woke up the second morning there, it was killing me and I had to get a root canal done. Miraculously there was a dentist within walking distance of the Air BnB and I was able to get a walk-in appointment and get it done, but it pretty much took me out the rest of the day. Had I not done it then though, it would’ve ruined the trip.

Dublin is way smaller and walkable than I expected.

A lot of people, even in urban areas, walk their dogs without leashes and I guess it’s not really an issue?

This was also an unusually “safe” feeling country to me. Like we only saw like 5 Gardaí (police) on the entire trip and I don’t think I noticed any of them carrying guns. I especially took notice of how there were a lot of women walking alone at night in Dublin and that just isn’t the kind of thing I’d expect to see in a big city over here, but I guess that says more about America than anything else.

Me and a buddy took turns driving. Driving on the other side of the road and the other side of the car was terrifying for like the first ten minutes and then I adjusted surprisingly quick after that. Adjusting back to American driving has also been a little tricky; I’m still drifting to the left more than normal.

This being a glorified road trip, we listened to the car radio a lot and besides the accents on the DJ’s and the obsession with Love Island (a reality TV show that’s currently running), you wouldn’t be able to distinguish a lot of stations from American stations. We heard “Señorita“ like 2 or 3 times a day.

Glendalough was neat but it was packed with groups Italian teenagers who kept shouting, “woooOOOOOAAAaaaaahhh” at each other. Some kind of summer camp thing.

We rented bikes to go around downtown Kilkenny and that lasted all of 15 minutes because we’re all pansies too afraid to ride bikes in traffic with cars.

Left my Quip toothbrush at the Kilkenny Air BnB, R.I.P.

Jerpoint Abbey was neat and we had the whole place to ourselves. We actually got their too early because the staff wasn’t ready to open yet.

Rock of Cashel was beautiful and windy as hell.

We spent hardly any time on highways during this trip because the GPS kept putting us on these backroads only wide enough for one car at a time. Apparently these backroads are all posted with an 80 km/h speed limit (50 mph), so the GPS assumes we’d be doing that speed, when in actuality we were going close to 35 km/h (~22 mph) because of all the sheep and hairpin turns and hills and stones and trees that just kinda take up half the already-tight roadway sometimes. We probably avoided tons of tolls this way though.

Speaking of which, we decided to taxi in to Kinsale one night and the taxi driver was actually speeding on these tiny little roads at night and I felt like I was going to die in that front passenger seat. When we decided to head back to the Air BnB, we got the same taxi driver and it was equally terrifying the second time around.

Knowing I have a fear of heights, my dumbass put the Blarney Castle on our itinerary and I had a full-blown anxiety attack up there. When I saw Andrew lean over the side to kiss the stone I almost passed out. The staff was like, “It’s your tur-” and I was already halfway down the staircase noping the fuck out of there.

The Ring of Kerry has some fantastic views and it was one of those “pictures can’t do this justice” moments.

Heard a lot of different spoken languages on this trip. If I had to guess, it was probably like 55% English, 20% French, 15% Italian, 9% European Spanish and 1% Irish. The only time I heard spoken Irish was between two Gen-X guys in an ice cream shop in Dingle. That said, the Irish language is written damn near everywhere, so I’m still glad I learned a little before this trip, even if I didn’t have a conversation in it.

Traditional Irish food is... good at providing sustenance and keeping you alive. Unrelated, the first thing we did after coming home yesterday was head straight to the best Indian restaurant in town for the spiciest dish I could handle.

The Slea Head Loop on the Dingle Peninsula was like a tighter, more compact version of the Ring of Kerry.

The Cliffs of Moher were cool, but I feel like it would’ve been more impactful for me had I seen them before the Ring of Kerry and Slea Head Loop. Then again, there’s probably only so much enjoyment I could get out of them (see bullet point above discussing fear of heights).

Galway was a neat town that definitely felt like it had the youngest population, I wish we’d spent more time there.

The drive out to Kylemore Abbey in the northwest in the morning was probably the most beautiful part of the trip for me. I was driving this day and couldn’t take pictures though.

The Abbey itself was beautiful and such a change of pace; it was a Victorian-era mansion and pretty much everything we’d seen up to this point was from the early middle ages so it was weird saying something was “only” 200 years old.

Looking back, only three things from our original itinerary got cut, which is not bad considering how much shit we got done.

Overall a fantastic trip, but I’m ready to just kick back and not do shit for the rest of the summer.

#Ireland #travel #life

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huyentrancongchu · 2 years ago

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What Do You Need To Know About Suzuki Ertiga 2022 Fuel Consumption?

The Suzuki Ertiga is a very popular car, reflected in its sales numbers. In 2021, the Ertiga made up 30% of all sales for Suzuki Philippines. The reason for its success must be its fuel efficiency.

The latest Ertiga models have excellent fuel economy, making them even more attractive to consumers. Let's find out about Suzuki Ertiga 2022 Fuel Consumption now!

Suzuki Ertiga Engine

The Suzuki Ertiga 2022 specs have a K15B 1.5-liter engine under the hood. This engine is capable of producing 103 horsepower and torque of 138 Nm. The Ertiga might deliver excellent power thanks to the improved engine, with a light input of an accelerator. This is a useful advantage for an MPV that must carry seven people and additional luggage simultaneously.

The variants of Suzuki Ertiga all have a similar engine under the hood. However, where things start to differ is with the transmission. You have the option of choosing between a manual or automatic transmission. The manual comes with a gearbox at five-speed, while the automatic has a four.

Suzuki Ertiga Fuel Consumption

The Suzuki Ertiga 2022 new model gets good fuel economy, with ratings in the city of 7.4-8.2 l per 100km, on the highway of 5.3-5.4l for each 100km, and the combined of 6.2-6.4 l per 100km. The Ertiga has a fuel tank of 45 liters, which is about average for the class. The Ertiga is available with diesel or petrol engines. Fuel economy is one of Ertiga's strong points.

The Ertiga would be a great city car for anyone looking for a light and nimble ride that can get great fuel economy. It's reported to get up to ten kilometers for one liter. However, if you plan on doing any significant driving highway, you should know that its fuel efficiency takes a hit. You'll only get 18 kilometers per liter.

And, if you need to carry more passengers or cargo, you can expect those numbers to drop even lower. The automatic gearbox at 4-level doesn't hurt the Ertiga's fuel economy too much. This is still an impressive feat for the Suzuki MPV. However, it's important to remember that these numbers are only accurate for only one driver and passenger in a car.

Being stuck in traffic is a pain, especially if you own an MPV. The stop-and-go nature of traffic wastes fuel quickly. However, the Suzuki Ertiga is different.

When this MPV reaches 60 km/h, one fuel litter will take you 15 kilometers. And on the highway, the Ertiga might maintain a speed of 90km/h for 20 kilometers when only consuming a fuel liter.

If you don't have enough money to buy a new car, you can buy a used Ertiga for sale in the Philippines.

Suzuki Ertiga Vs Mitsubishi Xpander

The Mitsubishi Xpander's 4A91 4-cylinder 1.5-liter engine is capable of horsepower being 103 and torque of 141 Nm. The "4A91" code indicates the engine has Mitsubishi's Colt standard. The Xpander shares the same 45-liter tank capacity as the Suzuki Ertiga. This car requires 7 liters per 100-km ride, meaning that the Ertiga is more fuel-efficient than the Mitsubishi version.

Suzuki Ertiga Vs Toyota Rush

Customers choose between two engines for their Toyota Rush: a DOHC four-cylinder 1.5-liter or 2.0-liter engine. The 1.5-liter engine comes with VVT-i technology to produce 134 Nm torque and horsepower at 103, while the 2.0-liter engine produces 150 horsepower and 195 Nm of torque.

But Ertiga might win when it only consumes 7.7 liters of fuel per 100-km ride.

Conclusion

If you are looking for a car that is affordable and reliable, you might want to consider the Suzuki Ertiga. The Ertiga has received many positive reviews from people who love its performance, safety, and fuel efficiency. Hope this writing on Suzuki Ertiga 2022 Fuel Consumption has been a great help to you!

If you have any question, feel free to contact with us!

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deepestcloudmagazine · 3 years ago

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Why we have a love-hate relationship with electric scooters

Some cities are rolling out ambitious

electric scooter

sharing schemes, while others have banned them outright. Just how green, and how safe, are e-scooters?

You might have started seeing more of them on streets and in parks, gliding past you with a faint electric hum. As lockdowns lift and people avoid public transport, e-scooters – stand-up, electrically powered scooters – are becoming more popular.

The easing of lockdowns has highlighted the importance of individual, emission-free, socially distanced transport as governments try to prevent spikes in car use and pollution. But the story of e-scooters is one of both a popular tech gadget and a contentious form of transport. While they offer a seemingly fun and environmentally friendly option for short journeys, a range of questions about their safety and sustainability have emerged in the past two years.

So how did e-scooters go from risky tech novelty to a green travel solution for the coronavirus recovery? And are they really so good for the planet?

E-scooters have been available to privately buy for over a decade but many remain prohibitively expensive. It took the affordable, accessible option of shared, dockless models – which can be rented by the minute using a smartphone app – for their popularity to skyrocket. In 2018, shared e-scooter startups Bird and Lime rapidly introduced them to US cities (sometimes without permission). Soon after, the companies – along with a proliferation of other startups, including European-based Voi and Tier – began to rapidly expand across cities internationally.

Now, e-scooter sharing schemes are available in more than 100 cities, across at least 20 countries, from Chile to South Korea to New Zealand – although Europe and the US continue to dominate in terms of use. Research suggests that by 2024, 4.6 million shared e-scooters will be in operation worldwide, up from 774,000 in 2019.

But with the rise of e-scooters has been the rise of related accidents – some of them fatal. On pavements, e-scooters pose dangers to pedestrians and wheelchair users – and particularly people who are blind and partially sighted. But using the scooters on roads without sufficient infrastructure such as cycle lanes is also risky, especially due to lack of regulations. Even when not in use, e-scooters can be hazardous: most sharing services are dockless, resulting in scooters being discarded on footpaths, causing obstructions.

Is Citycoco Legal in European Countries

Citycoco is a Harley style electric scooter with unique shape and strong performance, which is becoming more and more popular. Many buyers will have a question before placing an order, is Citycoco legal in my country? Can it ride on the road?

Different countries in Europe have different regulations for citycoco. So you need to comply with these regulations to make it legal to ride a city coco scooter

We checked the regulations of some European countries on whether citycoco Harley scooters can legally ride on the road.

Citycoco in Germany

In Germany, scooters with speeds exceeding 20 km/h require a driver’s license. And the owner must be at least 15 years old. The driving license is mandatory.

According to stVZO regulations, the scooter must be equipped with necessary lighting equipment. A helmet is required when riding.

On the sidewalk, the riding speed is not allowed to exceed 6km/h.

At the time of registration, you do not need any other proof to obtain insurance and license plate number except for the COC. The license plate will allow the authorities to easily identify vehicle owners and insurance companies.

Citycoco in France

In France, the law of Citycoco scooters depends on its speed. When buying this electric scooter, you need to choose different speed versions according to your needs

What Is an E-Bike? Here’s Everything You Need to Know

The first thing you should know about electric bicycle is that they’re here to stay. Electric bike sales jumped by an incredible 145 percent from 2019 to 2020 alone, according to the market research firm NPD Group. It’s a nearly $244 billion industry as of last year, and there’s no sign of a slowdown.

Some view the rise of e-bikes as a threat, as though standard bikes will go the way of the penny-farthing once everyone goes electric. But fear not: E-bikes aren’t here to rob us of our human-powered way of life. In fact, they may very well enhance it—especially as travel and commuting habits change following the global pandemic and shift of work commuting. So as we roll our way into peak riding season, here’s everything you need to know about the electric revolution.

1. E-bikes make pedaling easier.

Generally speaking, e-bikes are bicycles with a battery-powered “assist” that comes via pedaling and, in some cases, a throttle. When you push the pedals on a pedal-assist e-bike, a small motor engages and gives you a boost, so you can zip up hills and cruise over tough terrain without gassing yourself. Called “pedelecs,” they feel just like conventional bikes—but better, says Ed Benjamin, senior managing director at the consulting firm eCycleElectric. “You control your speed with your feet, like with a regular bike,” he says. “You just feel really powerful and accelerate easily.”

In addition to the pedal-assist feature, some e-bikes come with a throttle that engages the motor with the press of a button. These belong to a separate class of e-bike that, obviously, doesn’t offer a pure cycling experience; they’re also illegal in some municipalities. Interestingly, Benjamin says, people who aren’t already “cyclists” tend to gravitate toward throttle bikes at first, but then turn around and choose a pedal-assist for their next purchase.

2. They go pretty fast… to a point.

The harder you pedal, the bigger the boost, the faster you’ll ride—to a point. Electric city bike lets you hum along at a brisk clip, but they aren’t motorcycles. You’ll never hammer down the road at 45 mph. The motor is governed to stop propelling you further when you hit 20 to 28 miles per hour, depending on the bike. So you’ll save time on your commute (I shave about three minutes off a five-mile trip) but still enjoy the scenery.

That’s because, like it or not, e-bikes are fun to ride. Long, slow climbs become quicker. Lunchtime rides become more interesting because you can ride farther and see trails that otherwise wouldn’t have been possible in such a short time. And whole new trail systems are accessible as the assist opens up terrain that would be too steep, loose, rocky, or brutal on a standard pedal bike. In short, rather than be afraid of e-mountain bikes, we should see them for what they are: a new tool. In the same way you’d choose an enduro bike for shredding supergnar descents or a cross-country bike for all-day endurance epics, an e-mountain bike is simply another arrow in the quiver for situations when standard pedal bikes might not be as much fun.

For clarity, the electric mountain bike in this review are electric-motor-equipped bicycles that only go forward if you pedal them. Officially, they are categorized as Class 1 e-bikes, which means they have no throttle and a top-assisted speed of 20 miles per hour. (Class 2 and Class 3 varieties have throttles and/or different top-assist speeds. We’re limiting our coverage to Class 1 because most of the advocacy for trail use is currently for these models.) Though critics like to try and characterize all e-bikes as motorcycles, this couldn’t be further from reality. All of these bikes generate less than one horsepower, and they do it only when you are pedaling, akin to riding with a strong tailwind.

I took a fleet of the latest out on a range of trails throughout New Mexico and was amazed by how much these machines have advanced since my first ride back in 2013. Like all technology, these bikes are going to continue improving. But if you’re in the market and can swallow the high price tag, I feel they have come far enough that they’re well worth buying.

The batteries are the most important electric bicycle parts, because (if you don't do any pedaling) they contain all the power that will drive you along. Typical electric bike batteries make about 350–500 W of power (that's about 35–50 volts and 10 amps), which is about a quarter as much as you need to drive an electric toaster. In theory, you could use any kind of battery on a bicycle. In practice, however, you want to use something that stores lots of power without being too heavy—or you'll be using half your power just moving the battery along! That tends to rule out heavy lead-acid batteries like the ones that start cars, though some electric bikes do use them. Lightweight lithium-ion batteries, similar to those used in laptop computers, mobile (cellular) phones, and MP3 players, are now the most popular choice, though they're more expensive than older rechargeable battery technologies such as nickel-cadmium ("nicad"). Typical batteries will give your bicycle a range of 10–40 miles between charges (depending on the terrain) and a top speed of 10–20 mph (which is about the maximum most countries allow for these vehicles by law). You can extend the range by pedaling or free-wheeling some of the time.

Electric motor

In the theoretical electric bike we considered up above, we had the dynamo/motor driving the back wheel directly, simply by pressing on the tire. Most electric bikes work a different way. They have compact electric motors built into the hub of the back or front wheel (or mounted in the center of the bike and connected to the pedal sprocket). Take a look at the hub of an electric bike and probably you'll see it's much fatter and bulkier than on a normal bike. You can read more about how these motors work in our main article about hub motors.

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brookstonalmanac · 2 years ago

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Events 7.21

356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson. 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became the first pope to resign his office. 285 – Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar and co-ruler. 365 – The 365 Crete earthquake affected the Greek island of Crete with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), causing a destructive tsunami that affects the coasts of Libya and Egypt, especially Alexandria. Many thousands were killed. 905 – King Berengar I of Italy and a hired Hungarian army defeats the Frankish forces at Verona. King Louis III is captured and blinded for breaking his oath (see 902). 1242 – Battle of Taillebourg: Louis IX of France puts an end to the revolt of his vassals Henry III of England and Hugh X of Lusignan. 1403 – Battle of Shrewsbury: King Henry IV of England defeats rebels to the north of the county town of Shropshire, England. 1545 – The first landing of French troops on the coast of the Isle of Wight during the French invasion of the Isle of Wight. 1568 – Eighty Years' War: Battle of Jemmingen: Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva defeats Louis of Nassau. 1645 – Qing dynasty regent Dorgon issues an edict ordering all Han Chinese men to shave their forehead and braid the rest of their hair into a queue identical to those of the Manchus. 1656 – The Raid on Málaga takes place during the Anglo-Spanish War. 1718 – The Treaty of Passarowitz between the Ottoman Empire, Austria and the Republic of Venice is signed. 1774 – Russo-Turkish War (1768–74): Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca ending the war. 1798 – French campaign in Egypt and Syria: Napoleon's forces defeat an Ottoman-Mamluk army near Cairo in the Battle of the Pyramids. 1831 – Inauguration of Leopold I of Belgium, first king of the Belgians. 1861 – American Civil War: First Battle of Bull Run: At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war begins and ends in a victory for the Confederate army. 1865 – In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots and kills Davis Tutt in what is regarded as the first western showdown. 1873 – At Adair, Iowa, Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang pull off the first successful train robbery in the American Old West. 1877 – After rioting by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers and the deaths of nine rail workers at the hands of the Maryland militia, workers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, stage a sympathy strike that is met with an assault by the state militia. 1904 – Louis Rigolly, a Frenchman, becomes the first man to break the 100 mph (161 km/h) barrier on land. He drove a 15-liter Gobron-Brillié in Ostend, Belgium. 1907 – The passenger steamer SS Columbia sinks after colliding with the steam schooner San Pedro off Shelter Cove, California, killing 88 people. 1919 – The dirigible Wingfoot Air Express crashes into the Illinois Trust and Savings Building in Chicago, killing 12 people. 1920 – The Belfast Pogrom begins with the one day removal of thousands of Belfast shipyard, factory and mill workers from their jobs. 1925 – Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, high school biology teacher John T. Scopes is found guilty of teaching human evolution in class and fined $100. 1925 – Malcolm Campbell becomes the first man to exceed 150 mph (241 km/h) on land. At Pendine Sands in Wales, he drives Sunbeam 350HP built by Sunbeam at a two-way average speed of 150.33 mph (242 km/h). 1936 – Spanish Civil War: The Central Committee of Antifascist Militias of Catalonia is constituted, establishing an anarcho-syndicalist economy in Catalonia. 1944 – World War II: Battle of Guam: American troops land on Guam, starting a battle that will end on August 10. 1944 – World War II: Claus von Stauffenberg and four fellow conspirators are executed for the July 20 plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler. 1949 – The United States Senate ratifies the North Atlantic Treaty. 1952 – The 7.3 Mw  Kern County earthquake strikes Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing 12 and injuring hundreds. 1954 – First Indochina War: The Geneva Conference partitions Vietnam into North Vietnam and South Vietnam. 1959 – NS Savannah, the first nuclear-powered cargo-passenger ship, is launched as a showcase for Dwight D. Eisenhower's "Atoms for Peace" initiative. 1959 – Elijah Jerry "Pumpsie" Green becomes the first African-American to play for the Boston Red Sox, the last team to integrate. He came in as a pinch runner for Vic Wertz and stayed in as shortstop in a 2–1 loss to the Chicago White Sox. 1960 – Sirimavo Bandaranaike is elected Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, becoming the world's first female head of government 1961 – Mercury program: Mercury-Redstone 4 Mission: Gus Grissom piloting Liberty Bell 7 becomes the second American to go into space (in a suborbital mission). 1961 – Alaska Airlines Flight 779 crashes near Shemya Air Force Base in Shemya, Alaska killing 6. 1969 – Apollo program: At 02:56 UTC (still July 20 in the U.S.), astronaut Neil Armstrong becomes the first person to walk on the Moon, followed 19 minutes later by Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin. 1970 – After 11 years of construction, the Aswan High Dam in Egypt is completed. 1972 – The Troubles: Bloody Friday: The Provisional IRA detonate 22 bombs in central Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom in the space of 80 minutes, killing nine and injuring 130. 1973 – In Lillehammer, Norway, Mossad agents kill a waiter whom they mistakenly thought was involved in the 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre. 1976 – Christopher Ewart-Biggs, the British ambassador to the Republic of Ireland, is assassinated by the Provisional IRA. 1977 – The start of the four-day-long Libyan–Egyptian War. 1979 – Jay Silverheels, a Mohawk actor, becomes the first Native American to have a star commemorated in the Hollywood Walk of Fame. 1983 – The world's lowest temperature in an inhabited location is recorded at Vostok Station, Antarctica at −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F). 1990 – Taiwan's military police forces mainland Chinese illegal immigrants into sealed holds of a fishing boat Min Ping Yu No. 5540 for repatriation to Fujian, causing 25 people to die from suffocation. 1995 – Third Taiwan Strait Crisis: The People's Liberation Army begins firing missiles into the waters north of Taiwan. 2001 – At the conclusion of a fireworks display on Okura Beach in Akashi, Hyōgo, Japan, 11 people are killed and more than 120 are injured when a pedestrian footbridge connecting the beach to JR Asagiri Station becomes overcrowded and people leaving the event fall down in a domino effect. 2005 – Four attempted bomb attacks by Islamist extremists disrupt part of London's public transport system. 2008 – Ram Baran Yadav is declared the first President of Nepal. 2010 – President Barack Obama signs the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. 2011 – NASA's Space Shuttle program ends with the landing of Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-135 at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. 2012 – Erden Eruç completes the first solo human-powered circumnavigation of the world. 2019 – Yuen Long attack or "721 incident" in Hong Kong. Triad members indiscriminately beat civilians returning from protests while police failed to take action.

#Events

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annieboltonworld · 4 years ago

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Juniper Publishers- Open Access Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources

Incorporating Local Road Grades and Times-of-Day Traffic into Vehicle Specific Power Profiling for Urban Freeway Vehicle Emission Estimation

Authored by Heng Wei

Abstract

Vehicle Specific Power (VSP) is conventionally defined to represent the instantaneous vehicle engine power. It has been widely utilized that the impact of vehicle operating conditions on emission and energy consumption estimation is associated with vehicle speed, roadway grade and vehicle acceleration or deceleration on the basis of the second-by-second vehicle operation. VSP is hence incorporated as a key contributing factor into the vehicle emission models in MOVES. For practical application, however, it is always cumbersome to accurately profile VSP distribution by collecting and using localized grade and times-of-day traffic data. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the impacts of these factors on highway vehicle emission estimation. This paper presents a study in which previous studies are extended by deeply investigating the characteristics of VSP distributions and their impacts due to varying freeway grades, as well as time-of-day traffic factors.

Statistical distribution models with a scope of bins is identified through a goodness of fit testing approach by using the Global Positioning System (GPS) data collected from the interstate freeway I-75 segments in the Cincinnati area. The data was collected at a selected length of 30 km urban freeway for AM, PM and Mid-day periods. The datasets representing the vehicle operating conditions for the VSP calculation were then extracted from the GPS trajectory data. The results of distribution fitting show that the Wake by distribution is able to capture most distribution characteristics of VSP at all grade bins under a higher speed variation condition, and the generalized logistic distribution fits the sample data better at grade bins between -4% and 4%when the speed variation is lower. In addition, the speed variation lying behind the times-of-day differences is also identified to be a contributing factor of urban freeway VSP distribution. The enhanced understanding and modelling of VSP distribution by roadway grade provided by the study can facilitate the preparation of MOVES vehicle operating mode distribution inputs.

Keywords: Vehicle Specific Power Distribution; Second-By-Second GPS data

Abbreviations: VSP: Vehicle Specific Power; GPS: Global Positioning System; SIP: State Implementation Plan; U.S. EPA: United States Environmental Protection Agency; ISSRC: International Sustainable Systems Research Centre; HDOP: High Horizontal Dilution of Precision; MLE: Maximum Likelihood Estimates; K-S: Kolmogorov-Smirnov; HDV: Heavy Duty Vehicle; LDV: Light Duty Vehicles; BRT: Bus Rapid Transit

Introduction

Global Positioning System (GPS) data collected locally, providing high-temporal resolution (e.g. second-by-second) speed, acceleration or deceleration driving cycles, enables modelling the impact of vehicle operation conditions on emission and energy consumption with Vehicle Specific Power (VSP) for local projects. MOVES, developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), are used to estimate emissions for various mobile emission sources and allow multiple scale analysis such as emission budgeting of State Implementation Plan (SIP) and transportation conformity purposes [1]. In applying the MOVES model, it is required to convert traffic inputs into the VSP distribution, i.e., operating mode distribution [2], to satisfy the need of generating an operating mode distribution for MOVES for maximizing its capacity to accurately reflect real-world emissions.

It is critical to recognize the similarities and differences of engine instantaneous power distributions on a given roadway. There has been a substantial body of research on VSP distributions among roadways [3,4], vehicles [5], and vehicle speeds [6]. In addition to the speed and acceleration, the grade is another critical factor for estimating VSP However, this factor has been usually overlooked and always assumed to be zero in many previous studies. In such cases, freeways located in hilly terrains of urban area cannot be realistically represented and modelled. As a consequence, the calculated VSP may be less representative of the urban traffic fleet and then become insufficient to estimate the characterized emissions. To facilitate the preparation of the MOVES vehicle operating mode distribution inputs, an enhanced understanding and modelling of the VSP distribution within the road grade incorporated become indispensable. This paper presents a study in which previous studies are extended by investigating the characteristics of VSP distributions and their impacts due to varying freeway grades, as well as time-of-day factors.

Statistical distribution models with a scope of bins is identified through a goodness of fit testing approach by using the GPS data collected from the interstate freeway segments in Cincinnati area. In the rest of the paper, firstly, the literature reviews on the VSP profiling study is presented followed by the introduction of the data used in this study. Then, the methodology regarding VSP calculation and VSP binning is introduced, and the case study results of urban freeway segments in Cincinnati urban area are presented. Next, sample distribution fitting results for basic freeway segments are illustrated. Finally, the paper is summarized with conclusions and recommendations for further research.

Literature Review

VSP derived from second-by-second vehicle activities is critical to the on-road emission modelling. Besides that, microscopic simulation outputs can also be used to generate inputs for VSP distribution and MOVES. In the simulation based dynamic traffic assignment model for project level emissions analyses developed by [7], the operating mode distribution based on VSP distribution is calculated and used as MOVES model inputs. The procedure of deriving MOVES operating mode distribution using VISSIM simulation results was introduced by [8,9] pointed out that for vehicle emission estimation, the use of VSP distribution to calibrate micro-simulation model is more reasonable than using conventional approach [10] proved that there is direct physical interpretation of the distribution characteristics of VSP and it has well statistical relations with on-road vehicle emissions [11] investigated VSP distributions and emission rates for five driving cycles from mild to aggressive [12] concluded that there were significant similarities when speed profiles of different roadway facility types are grouped by average link speed.

Especially, where a mean speed is between 20 and 30 km/h, VSP distributions are found to be very identical. In [13] study, GPS and PEMS data was collected to investigate correlations between VSP and pollutants. It has been suggested that higher VSP values relate to higher emissions of Nitrogen Oxidizes, Hydro-Carbon, Carbon Dioxide, and Carbon Monoxide [14,15]. To determine driving patters of on-road vehicles and supported the development of the IVE model, VSP distribution patterns for Nairobi, Santiago and Sao Paulo have been included in the International Sustainable Systems Research Centre (ISSRC) funded handbook of air quality management project by [16]. A study by [4] investigated VSP distribution among urban restricted access roadways and suggested that the distribution of VSP at various speed bins follow normal distribution. Based on this distribution assumption, the mean and standard deviation of VSP are modelled by using regression techniques.

The VSP distributions on the low speed (less than 20 km/h) segments by using the same methodology were investigated in a later study by the same authors. VSP distributions for every speed from 1-20 km/h are calculated and a quadratic relationship between VSP fraction and the VSP bin number was observed [5] concluded that normal distribution is most likely the case for travel speed lower than 90 km/h for both Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDV) and Light Duty Vehicles (LDV). Besides, default operating mode distribution patterns in MOVES are very similar to their experimental data. Through a study on the VSP based driving cycles of regular and express bus line and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), [6] concluded that the distribution of VSP may shifts to the right and does not follow the normal distribution when the average speed is greater than 25 km/h. However, in most of previous studies, the grade as one of the most critical contributing factors of VSP has been overlooked. There is an essential need of fill the gap. To extend previous work on freeway VSP distribution, the paper calculates the second-by-second distances travelled and generates the freeway grades for the VSP calculation and then fits the VSP samples into a grade-specific distribution. The grade- specific VSP distribution should allow a better comprehension of impacts of traffic operations on emissions.

Data

To fulfil the identified gap, a group of freeway segments from the Interstate Freeway 71 (I-71) within the Cincinnati urban area were targeted as the study site. The total length of the selected freeway segments is about 60 km for a round trip. To measure travel time reliability, the second-by-second GPS data was collected by group of students. Vehicles used in this data collection were chosen completely randomly. The data collection period covers AM peak hours from 7:00 AM to 9:00 AM, PM peak hours from 4:30 PM to 6:30 PM and Mid-day from 11:30 AM to 1:30 PM. A total of 38 trips were made from January 24th to April 20th, 2012. For the AM perk hours, 36,503 data points were collected, 27,931 data points for Mid-day and 42,624 for PM peak hours. There were approximately 110,000 records of data collected on the 30 km Interstate freeway. To remove invalid data from satellite signal lose, a data filter with high horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP) higher than 4 and low number of satellites (NSAT) less than 4 [17] was applied. After the data filtering, 97,491 records were used in the VSP calculation.

VSP and Binning

The mathematical presentation of VSP, first developed by [18], is calculated by dividing the summation of acceleration, rolling resistance, engine load against aerodynamic drag, and the kinetic and potential energies of the vehicle by the mass of the vehicle. In practice, a generic set of coefficients values estimating VSP for a typical light duty fleet is applied as a useful basis for characterization [19]. The VSP values for light duty vehicles are calculated by the following equation:

Where, v is vehicle speed (m/s); a is vehicle acceleration/ deceleration rate (m/s2); grade is vehicle vertical rise divided by the horizontal run (%). The horizontal run is measured by using the haversine formula in which it is assumed that the trajectory travelled between two consecutive points is a straight line in calculating shortest distance over the earth's surface. Even at small distances, the great circle distance between two points remains particularly well-conditioned for numerical computation [20].

Where, Lat is Latitude; Long is Longitude; R is radius of earth (mean = 6,371 km). Calculations of grade and VSP are implemented in R.A minimum interval of 1 kw/ton is used to avoid any bias, which can be incorporated in the binning and to draw out the quantitative relations between the VSP distribution and the grade by using the smallest bin possible. The VSP ranges from -20 to 20 kw/ton based on the data collected from urban areas, e.g. Beijing is used in many previous studies [5,14]. While, the VSP range from less than zero up to 30 plus is used in MOVES model to capture the VSP on U.S. highways [21]. Using the dataset collected at the study site, 98.32% of the calculated VSP values using Equation (1) falls into the range of -30 to 45 kw/ton. Therefore, VSP bins from -30 to 45 kw/ton are used in the paper.

The binning is presented as Equation (4) shows:

VSP Distribution Fitting and Goodness of Fit Testing

A. Freeway Grade Distribution

The freeway grade at the study site was calculated with Equation (2) and (3).A total of 92,914 grade data points is obtained. The samples collected shows that 92.35% grade data falls into the range from -10% and 10%. The distribution of freeway grade distributions at two percent interval is presented in Table 1. It is noticed that merely the grade between any data points equals to zero, which means the zero grade is rarely the case for urban interstate freeways in some of the U.S. metropolitan areas. Therefore, in VSP based emission and energy consumption modelling, the grade is an influential factor cannot be ignored. In the table, the distribution of freeway grades for the AM, PM peak and Mid-day is listed as well. In the collected data, 90.15% AM, .97.3% Mid-day and 92.01% PM data falls into a grade range of -6% to 6%. The distribution near perfectly follows bell-curves of normal distribution. As grade values are mostly within the range of -6% to 6%, it can be concluded that the selection of grade bins from -10% to 10% is justified and the range can well represent the real-world condition.

B. Candidate Distributions

From Table 1, the VSP distribution among the 12 grade bins seemed to be well presented by a normal distribution. However, Q-Q plots suggest that the sample tails are not quite following the normal distribution since they are rarely straight. In addition, there are peaks in almost all the histograms. A distribution fitting based on Q-Q plots and above observed distribution characteristics in Table 1 is necessary. Two distributions, generalized logistic distribution and Wake by distribution, are observed that can fit the data well. The Percentile-Percentile (P-P) plots comparing middles of sample distribution and model distribution are made. Afterwards, the goodness of fit testing for each of grade and time specific VSP datasets is determined based on the Kolmogorov- Smirnov (K-S) test.

The probability density function of generalized logistic distribution is given as Equation (5):

Where,, k is the shape parameter; σ is the scale parameter (σ>0); μ is the location parameter. The probability density function of Wake by distribution is described as Equation (6):

Where β,γ and δ are shape parameters; ξ and a are location parameters. To eliminate any bias brought from the negative values of the VSP, a linear transformation is performed so that the sample distributions have a range of positive values yet the distributions remain unchanged.

Where, VSP is the transformed VSP and VSPx is the original VSP value.

C. Parameter Estimation and Good of Fit Testing

The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate parameters. It maximizes the likelihood of a set of parameter values from the probability model to observed outcomes through an iterative procedure. The values of sets of parameters that maximize the sample likelihood are called Maximum Likelihood Estimates (MLE). The function is defined as:

Where, 0 is the likelihood function. The goodness of fit testing using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test yield to significance level α=0.05 is than compared within the candidate distributions. In the K-S test, a distance between the empirical distribution function of the sample and the cumulative distribution function of the reference distribution is quantified. The K-S test statistic of a given CDF is defined as:

Where, Dn is the K-S distance; n is total number of data points; F(x) is distribution function of the fitted distribution; Fn(x) equals to i'/n; i is the cumulative rank of the data point. There are two hypothesises that are the null hypothesis (H0) and the alternative hypothesis (HJ in the K-S test. H0 assumes that the data follows a specified distribution, and the H does not. The fixed values at a chosen significance level (α), e.g. 0.01, are generally used to evaluate H0. If the test statistic D is greater than the critical value obtained from a table, the hypothesis concerning the distributional form is rejected at α.

Results

The data subsets classified grade bins and time of day are then been tested for the generalized logistic distribution and Wake by distribution. Comparisons between Histograms of the empirical data and fitted curves are illustrated in Figure 1 through 3 by time-of-day. In addition, P-P plots provide the magnification of differences of sample and model distributions are presented to the same dataset on these three figures. Figures 1-3 show the model PDF over sample histograms together with the P-P plots side-by-side of AM, mid-day, and PM data, respectively. There is very distinguishing characteristics of VSP distribution that almost every histogram has a peak. From the AM and PM GPS data distributions (as shown in Figures 1 & 3, respectively), it is found that the Wake by distribution fits the samples very good at smaller grades and the differences between sample and model distribution grow with the increase in the grade, especially at greater than 10% and less than -10%.

For the mid- day datasets, the Wake by distribution does not fit best for smaller grades including 0 to 2%, 2% to 4%, -2% to 0 and -4% to -2% bins. Instead, the generalized logistic distribution fits the data better and the P-P plots are almost perfect straight lines. Comparing to the fit from mid- day datasets as shown in Figure 2, more noise was observed on the comparison of histograms and PDF and the P-P plots of the peak-hour datasets in Figures 1 & 3. This noise maybe introduced by the relevantly large speed variations during peak hours. K-S test results show that all samples follow a specific distribution; therefore the entire null hypothesis is accepted. Consequently, the selection of fitted distribution is based on the comparisons of PDFs, P-P plots and the K-S tests. The fitted parameters by grade and time of day are listed in Table 2.

Conclusion and Future Research

from the study site fit into a specific distribution function, i.e. the generalized logistic or Wake by distribution, which is expected The paper presents an approach to incorporate freeway to use the function to determine the MOVES operating mode grade into the current VSP profiling study. Samples collected distribution empirically for emission and energy consumption modelling. The findings of this research can be summarized into the following:

a. There is a strong connection between VSP distribution and freeway grade.

b. The sample distribution of VSP can be well presented at lower grade bins such as -4% to 4%. However, the goodness of fit declines when the grade increases or decrease to a larger number.

c. Wake by distribution is able to capture most distribution characteristics of VSP at all grade bins in a higher speed variation traffic condition, while, the generalized logistic distribution fits the sample data better at smaller grade bins ranging between -4% and 4%when there is less variation in vehicle speeds.

d. The speed variation plays an important role in determining the VSP distribution. Larger speed variation corresponding to more congested traffic results in a less randomized distribution.

e. The speed variation is a contributing factor distinguishing the distributions of AM, PM and Mid-day datasets.

The current practice in mobile source emissions modelling suggests significance of using second-by-second vehicle operation data to generate an accurate estimate of emissions for the transportation network. A better understanding and profiling of vehicle VSP distribution provided by the paper can certainly help to obtain more accurate modelling results. In addition, the findings provide good references for preparing operating mode distribution inputs for the MOVES model, since the distribution function can be used to generate and validate simulation results, the study. For our future research, it would be interesting to examine the grade-specific VSP distributions for other roadway types, such as arterials and local streets. In addition, correlating the emission rates with grade-specific VSP distributions would be an improvement to our study and vehicle emission and consumption modelling.

For more articles in Open Access Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/ijesnr/index.php

#Juniper Publishers PubMed Indexed Journals #juniper publishers publons #Aquatic Ecology #Ecological psychology #Geography #Microbial Ecology

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wjrnow · 4 years ago

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Walking Guide for Beginners

Walking is a great exercise, and if you want to improve your health and overall fitness, then this exercise is a great option. However, you need a plan of action before you begin. By walking regularly, you will be able to improve your speed and duration. When you start walking exercise for the first time, it is important that you work on keeping a good posture as well as technique. As you practice more and more, you will be able to build up your endurance in due time. If you start walking for at least 30 minutes on weekdays, you would have walked for at least 150 minutes a week. These 150 minutes of walking exercise is something that health experts recommend, as doing so greatly reduces the risk of heart attack, stroke, diabetes, and other related health conditions. If you double this duration to one hour a day, you will find that you are able to reduce weight easily and have better overall fitness. One of the best ways to reduce your weight and improve your fitness level is walking for an hour, five days a week. There are numerous benefits of walking, and you don’t need any kind of specialized equipment for this exercise. Still, you need to consult a doctor if you have a medical condition before you begin walking or any other kind of exercise. This walking guide for beginners would teach you some of the most important aspects of this workout.

Walking Guide for Beginners

Before you proceed with this walking guide for beginners, we need to understand a few things. If you are planning to perform walking exercise for the first time, then you should start at a slower pace before gradually speeding up. For better comfort, wear athletic shoes and proper clothes. The best place to perform walking exercise outdoors, but you can also walk inside your house or on a treadmill. For the best results, you should follow this schedule religiously.

First Week

During the first week, every day, walk for 15 minutes at a slow pace. You need to do this for the first five days without failing. At this stage, you are building a habit, and for that, you need to be consistent. Rest days are necessary, and you need to spread them evenly for maximum efficiency. So, walk for 15 minutes for the first three days, and then rest on the fourth day. Again, walk for fifteen minutes on the fifth and sixth day and then take rest on the seventh day. Taking rest is important as it allows your body to relax and heal. By doing this, you increase the efficiency of your exercise regime.

During the first week, you need to walk for 60 to 75 minutes in total.

Second Week

From the second week onwards, increase your walking duration by five minutes. Keep walking at a slow pace for twenty minutes in total for five days. Ensure that you rest properly and maintain a healthy diet. As you are close to building a habit, you can try to walk for up to 30 minutes, the day after a rest day.

In the second week, your target is to walk 75 to 100 minutes in total.

Third Week

In the third week, you need to increase your walking duration by five minutes. Now, you will walk for 25 minutes a day, five days a week with day four and day seven as rest days. By this time, you will notice that you are able to walk for 15 to 20 minutes without tiring out. This means your body is adapting to a rigorous walking regime. As mentioned earlier, ensure a healthy diet to get the maximum benefit of this workout. You are aiming to achieve 110 to 130 minutes of walking time during the third week of this exercise plan.

Fourth Week

As you approach the end of the first month of your walking exercise schedule, you need to start walking for 30 minutes during the weekdays. By this time, you have developed a habit and won’t need any reminders to begin exercising. At the same time, you will also start to feel healthier too. In the fourth week of this exercise schedule, you need to walk 130 to 150 minutes in total.

Dealing with Difficulties

There is a possibility that you were unable to exercise properly during a particular week. In such a situation, you need to repeat the same pattern in the next week instead of increasing the duration of your exercise. In certain cases, you might not be able to walk for 20 minutes in the second week, the recommended duration. You need to repeat the plan for that week to ensure that you are ready to increase the walking duration in the next week.

Next Stage

Once you are able to walk for 30 to 60 minutes without any difficulty, you can focus on increasing your pace or try to perform different workouts. As with the walking exercise, you need to show dedication and follow a pattern to achieve these goals. The next preferable step would be to increase your walking speed, and then you can focus on walking for longer distances, such as a five-kilometer walk.

Walking Pace for the Beginners

At the start of this training, you should try to walk at your regular walking speed, especially during the first week. From the second week onwards, your aim is to walk at medium-intensity. By doing this exercise, you will ensure that you are getting the maximum benefit from this exercise. In a moderate-intensity walk, your average speed needs to be around 5 km/h. At the same time, your heart rate needs to be around 55 to 60 beats a minute. The indications of a brisk walk include-

Heavier than normal breathing.

You are able to talk properly while maintaining the pace.

You are not feeling breathless.

It is totally fine if you are unable to reach the recommended speed and heart rate during the initial stages of this exercise. First and foremost, you need to achieve a walking time of 30 to 60 minutes a day without getting tired or injuring yourself. Speed and intensity of walk do not concern you at the early stages. Surprisingly, walking with a proper posture and arm motion helps in increasing your walking speed without any difficulties. However, some people might find it difficult to walk for the recommended duration. Suppose you find yourself in such a situation. Slow down as it is not necessary that you achieve the target in your first attempt. This is crucial for people who have an underlying condition. Overexerting yourself could lead to a stroke or a heart attack. Generally, health experts say that you should increase your walking time step by step and add a maximum of five minutes per week. If you are aiming to achieve more, you can also try to increase your walking distance. There are many training routines that help you achieve targets such as walking 5 km or walking at speeds in excess of 5 km/hr.

Important Tips for Beginners

Start Slowly: You might think that walking is as simple as breathing. Still, your body needs some time to adapt to the extra workload you are putting on yourself. So, don’t start a walking program with the aim of walking 5 km in an hour. In case you don’t exercise regularly or haven’t exercised before, it is recommended to start slow. 15 minutes’ walk per day, for 5-days a week, is a good start.

Consider Your Starting Level: Are you able to sustain a 15 minutes’ walk per day without getting too fatigued or injuring yourself? If you find it challenging to do so, start by walking 5-10 minutes per day for the first week. On the other hand, if you can walk for 15 minutes without any issue, keep doing so for a week, and then increase your time by 5 minutes during the next week.

Discover the Appropriate Pace: A lot of people ask what is the perfect pace for walking. They receive different answers from different sources. However, there is no such thing as the perfect walking pace. You need to walk at a pace that is comfortable for you. The right pace is the pace you can hold on to for 15 minutes without tiring out and can gradually be increased 30 minutes. A perfect pace should force you to take deep breaths, but it should leave you gasping for air or make you uncomfortable. At this pace, you should be able to hold a conversation without any difficulty. However, if you can sing properly at this speed, you can increase your pace a little.

Try to Plan a Course: In the early stages, you should not be concerned with the distance that you are covering. The time you spend walking is more important than the distance you cover. However, you would like to know where you are going and what places you have already visited. The best way to do so is with the help of tools such as a Pedometer. You can get a dedicated pedometer with a GPS to help you track your activity better or download apps on your phone or get a smartwatch for the same.

Challenge Yourself, But Don’t Go Overboard: A lot of people start exercising to lose weight. If you want to reach a level where you can walk at least 30 minutes and preferably 60 minutes per day without tiring during the weekdays, you can achieve that goal, but it won’t happen within a couple of weeks. You need to reach that level gradually. Start by increasing the walking duration with 5 minutes each week. You can also try to increase the duration by 10 minutes, but don’t overexert yourself if you are unable to do so. It is better to increase your walking duration by 10 minutes in two weeks instead of getting injured for a week while trying to achieve the same within a week. You need to consistently increase this duration without risking injury and fatigue. It is okay if you take up to a month to reach a stage where you can walk for 30 minutes without tiring.

Track the Progress: Tracking your progress is not only necessary while chasing fitness goals, but also for financial goals or personal goals. When you track your progress, you increase your chances of reaching your target. So, keep a record of your workouts as it gives you valuable insight into what you’re doing and what you are supposed to do. You can look at this progress report to make adjustments to ensure steady progress and reach your goal in the given timeframe. There are lots of apps and methods to keep track of your progress. So, don’t forget to do so.

Think Smart: You might have heard the famous Aesop’s fable about the tortoise and the hare. The fable teaches us that a slow and steady tortoise beats the speedy hare who is distracted and fails to achieve its goal. Walking is considered to be a moderate exercise regime. It doesn’t promise that you will lose 5 kg in a week. However, when you combine moderate walking with a healthy diet, you start developing a habit that will surely help you lose weight over time and keep you fit and healthy in the long run.

Beginners Walking Guide FAQs

How to Begin a Walking Exercise Regime?

Start by walking at a slow pace for 10 to 15 minutes on weekdays for the first week. From the second week onwards, increase the duration by 5 minutes per week until you reach a stage where you can walk for 30 minutes without exhaustion.

Is It Possible to Lose Weight through Walking?

Yes, walking helps burn fat, but the process is a lot slower as compared to other rigorous exercises. So, you need to walk regularly for months if you want to reduce weight.

Do I Need Walking Shoes to Perform Walking Exercise?

No, walking shoes are not mandatory if you want to walk. However, these shoes provide additional support and padding to make this exercise a lot more comfortable.

What Should Be My Walking Speed?

There is no such thing as ideal walking speed. Start walking at the pace you are comfortable with, and gradually increase the speed over a couple of weeks to reach a stage where you are breathing heavily but feel comfortable while walking.

Do I Need to Consult a Doctor Before I Start Walking Exercise?

It is not necessary to consult a doctor unless you have any health-related problems. Walking is perfectly safe, but you need to be careful not to overexert yourself.

Conclusion

It doesn’t matter if you are young or old, a person who exercises regularly or a beginner. Walking is an exercise that helps you achieve weight loss goals and live a healthier lifestyle without much hassle. The exercise is simple, and you don’t require a gym membership or expensive equipment. All you need for the walking exercise is a place to walk and maybe a decent pair of walking shoes to provide you maximum comfort and support during the exercise.

So, start walking exercise today as it has lots of benefits. However, don’t forget to consult your doctor to know more about the effects of walking on your health, especially if you suffer from a medical condition.

#walking #fittness #endurance

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expatimes · 4 years ago

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Mega projects transforming Bangladesh economy

Country to achieve high mid-income country status by 2041

KUWAIT CITY, Jan 12: It is often said that infrastructure-megaprojects are crucial drivers for accelerating economic growth in a developing country like Bangladesh where average GDP growth in the last eleven years (2008-2019) is nearly 7% per annum.

This economic growth is usually required both for capital accumulation to fund the mega projects and to earn the benefits of these projects for boosting the growth rate in two digit number.

Even before the 'Agenda 2030' was adopted, the present government in Bangladesh under the leadership of Sheikh Hasina envisaged implementing a few mega projects in Bangladesh to deliver the economic and social goods for millions of people in different parts of Bangladesh and to create the economic growth that will benefit the population.

It is expected that these large infrastructural undertakings and mega projects would transform the country's communications, transportation, ports and energy scenario by 2030 and help the country to achieve high mid-income country status by 2041.

Padma Multipurpose Bridge A self-funded project of Bangladesh government worth $ 3.65 billion, the 6.1 km double-deck bridge is expected to be open for traffic by 2022 connecting southern part of Bangladesh with the capital city as well as eastern part of the country. As of 10 December 2020, around 90% of the construction of the Padma Multipurpose Bridge has been completed. The bridge will have road and rail linkages in two separate decks. China Major Bridge Engineering Company Ltd, has been selected to construct the long aspired bridge on the river Padma. It is expected that the construction of the bridge will comprehensively transform the pace of economy in the region improving lives of millions of people on the both sides of the river.

Matarbari Deep Sea Port Bangladesh exports worth nearly $ 40bn and imports of goods worth nearly $ 60bn majority of which carried through seaways. Presently, the country's two seaports– Chittagong and Mongla — have up to 9.5-metre where draft vessels holding up to 2,000 teu can anchor. Bangladesh planned to develop its first deep-sea port as part of a publicprivate partnership with Japan. Matarbari deep seaport will have a 16-meter water draft and will be able to accommodate 8,000 teu post-Panamax vessels, lessening Bangladesh's dependence on the feeder vessels to ferry export-import goods from the hub ports in Singapore, Colombo and Port Klang. Matarbari deep sea port will be made functional by 2025.

Payra Deep Sea Port The construction work of Payra Deep Sea Port has been going rapidly since 2016. Payra will have rail, road, and waterway links with the capital of Dhaka, around which most of the country's garment industry is based and which by extension is the primary destination for imports and origin point for exports. The total cost of the port is estimated to be 11- 15 billion USD. Once deep-sea port is built, the neighboring India, Nepal and Bhutan can make use of this port while it facilitates the domestic economy with faster export and import activities. The port will be fully operational by 2023.

Dhaka Metrorail Project It is a part of the 20-year long Strategic Transport Plan (STP) outlined by the Dhaka Transport Coordination Authority (DTCA), a governmental agency. With an aim to provide a safe, fast, affordable and modern means of transportation for the city dweller, the project will have total 8 lanes connecting different parts of Dhaka City. Presently, 20.1 kilometers long Line 6, costing $ 2.8 billion is under construction. Each train will hold up to 1800 passengers. With 56 trains to be in service by 2021, Dhaka Metro is projected to serve more than 60,000 passengers per hour by 2021, with wait times of approximately 4 minutes. The entire route will be able to be traveled in less than 40 minutes at a speed of 100 km / h (62 mph). The project is expected to be completed by 2021.

Dhaka Elevated Expressway Dhaka Elevated Expressway is Bangladesh's first elevated expressway project. It is one of the largest infrastructure projects taken up by the incumbent government to ease traffic congestion in the capital. It will be 46.73 km long including the connecting roads and will cost around US $ 1.4 billion. The Italian-Thai Development Corporation Limited has entered a $ 1.062 billion contract with China Railway Construction Corporation (CRCC) for building the Dhaka Elevated Expressway. It is expected that the project might be completed by 2022.

Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant The Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant will be a 2.4 GW nuclear power plant in Bangladesh. It will be the country's first nuclear power plant and the commissioning of unit 1 is planned in 2022 while the commissioning of Unit 2 is planned in 2023. The VVER- 1200/523 Nuclear reactor and critical infrastructure are being built by the Russian Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation. The project will provide low-cost electricity and create new jobs in Bangladesh. The power production in Bangladesh currently exceeds 4GW a year. The new plant will increase the country's power production and enable it to achieve energy independence. Karnaphuli Underwater Tunnel Chinese President Xi Jinping and Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina laid the foundation of Karnaphuli Underwater Tunnel worth $ 2.49 billion in 2016. The boring work beneath the tunnel has been inaugurated by the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in February 2019. The 3.5km-long four-lane tunnel, the first of its kind in Bangladesh and region, will be built to make the port city of Chittagong “One City Two Towns,” based on a model of East and West Shanghai in China. The construction of the Karnaphuli Tunnel is expected to bolster industrial development, enhance tourism, and expand trade and commerce near the project area, creating employment for thousands of people and boosting exports and there will be a very positive impact on the total economy of the country .

Other prospective Mega Projects Dhaka-Chittagong Express Way (rail or road), Circular Road around Dhaka City, Construction of an International Airport in the center of Bangladesh, Dhaka Underground Train / Tube Rail and Construction of second bridge on river Padma are a few of the other prospective mega projects that are in the offing in Bangladesh and for which opportunities exist for direct foreign investment. Bangladesh's development story, especially implementation of the on-going and future mega projects, has earned it the reputation in the region as a hot spot for global investment. The role of these mega infrastructure projects is expected to be fundamental in the overall national development process as they will contribute positively in employment generation, connectivity, regional trade, economic integration as well as energy security of the country. With the completion of the mega-projects the government envisages the economy to grow at a faster, which in turn will foster longterm sustainable development.

The post Mega projects transforming Bangladesh economy appeared first on ARAB TIMES - KUWAIT NEWS.

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