#emperor phocas

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 12.23 (before 1960)

484 – The Arian Vandal Kingdom ceases its persecution of Nicene Christianity. 558 – Chlothar I is crowned King of the Franks. 583 – Maya queen Yohl Ik'nal is crowned ruler of Palenque. 962 – The Sack of Aleppo as part of the Arab–Byzantine wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops storm the city of Aleppo. 1598 – Arauco War: Governor of Chile Martín García Óñez de Loyola is killed in the Battle of Curalaba by Mapuches led by Pelantaru. 1688 – As part of the Glorious Revolution, King James II of England flees from England to Paris, France after being deposed in favor of his son-in-law and nephew, William of Orange and his daughter Mary. 1773 – Moscow State Academy of Choreography was founded under the reign of Catherine II. It is the second ballet school in Russia after Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet. 1783 – George Washington resigns as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army at the Maryland State House in Annapolis, Maryland. 1793 – The Battle of Savenay: A decisive defeat of the royalist counter-revolutionaries in War in the Vendée during the French Revolution. 1815 – The novel Emma by Jane Austen is first published. 1876 – First day of the Constantinople Conference which resulted in agreement for political reforms in the Balkans. 1893 – The opera Hansel and Gretel by Engelbert Humperdinck is first performed. 1905 – The Tampere conference, where Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin meet for the first time, is held in Tampere, Finland. 1913 – The Federal Reserve Act is signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson, creating the Federal Reserve System. 1914 – World War I: Australian and New Zealand troops arrive in Cairo, Egypt. 1914 – World War I: During the Battle of Sarikamish, Ottoman forces mistook one another for Russian troops. The following friendly fire incident leaves 2,000 Ottomans dead and many more wounded. 1916 – World War I: Battle of Magdhaba: Allied forces defeat Turkish forces in the Sinai Peninsula. 1919 – Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 becomes law in the United Kingdom. 1936 – Colombia becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty. 1936 – Spanish Civil War: The Spanish Republic legalizes the Regional Defence Council of Aragon. 1941 – World War II: After 15 days of fighting, the Imperial Japanese Army occupies Wake Island. 1947 – The transistor is first demonstrated at Bell Laboratories. 1948 – Seven Japanese military and political leaders convicted of war crimes by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East are executed by Allied occupation authorities at Sugamo Prison in Tokyo, Japan. 1950 – General Walton Walker dies in a jeep accident and is replaced by General Matthew Ridgway in the Eighth United States Army. 1954 – First successful kidney transplant is performed by J. Hartwell Harrison and Joseph Murray. 1955 – The first film adaptation of Väinö Linna's novel The Unknown Soldier, directed by Edvin Laine, premieres.

[agesinmotion]

OCTOBER 5TH

October 5th is a day packed with epic events you might not have heard about!

Back in 610, Heraclius sailed into Constantinople, overthrew Emperor Phocas, and steered the Byzantine Empire onto a whole new path.

On this day in 1864, a catastrophic cyclone devastated Calcutta, killing around 60,000 people and leaving the city in ruins.

In 1911, Italian troops occupied Tripoli, igniting conflicts that would echo throughout North Africa for decades.

On this day in 1918, Allied forces smashed through the formidable Hindenburg Line, a pivotal moment that signaled the beginning of the end for World War I.

And in 1988, the people of Chile boldly voted against extending Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship, ending his 16 and a half years in power and paving the way for democracy.

October 5th is a day of upheavals, disasters, and monumental shifts.

[byzantiumcyber]

Gold coin of Emperor Heraclius with his father, Heraclius the Elder. They managed to overthrow Emperor Phocas. The Elder would pass away before seeing the brilliance and tragedy of his son's war with the Sassanids and the Muslims. A new Imperial Dynasty at the start of the Islamic era.

[silvestromedia]

SAINTS SEPTEMBER 22 "There is only one tragedy in this life, not to have been a saint."- Leon Bloy

Sts. Digna & Emerita Roman Catholic Virgin Martyrs, Roman maidens martyred in the Eternal City. They both died while praying before their judges. Their relics are in St. Marcellus Church in Rome. Feastday Sept 22

Sts. Felix and Constantia, Roman Catholic Martyrs of Nocera, Italy, slain in the persecution conducted by Emperor Nero. Feastday Sept 22

ST. BASILLA, MARTYR ON THE VIA SALARIA ANTICA

Bl. Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War, is the name given by the Catholic Church to the people who were killed by communist during the war because of their faith. As of July 2008, almost one thousand Spanish martyrs have been beatified or canonized. For some two thousand additional martyrs, the beatification process is underway. Sept 22

Martyrs of the Theban Legion, While serving in France, the legion marched to Agaunum, where it encamped for pagan rituals. Maurice, a commander, and Exuperius, Candidus, Innocent, Vitalis, two Victors, and the men of the legion refused to worship pagan deities, or possibly refused to massacre the local innocent populace. They were supposed to be pressured to obey by witnessing the beheading of some of their officers, but refused to offer sacrifices to the Roman gods. Reportedly, Maximian brought in another legion to slay the 6,600 Christians. A basilica, St. Maurice-en-Valais, was built from about 369-391 to commemorate this remarkable martyrdom.

St. Thomas of Villanueva, Roman Catholic Spanish friar of the Order of Saint Augustine who was a noted preacher, ascetic and religious writer of his day. He became an archbishop who was famous for the extent of his care for the poor of his see. Feastday Sept 22

St. Lolanus, 1034 A.D. Scottish bishop whose life is Unknown because fifth-century legends obscure the historically accurate accounts of his labors.

St. Phocas the Gardener, Phocas’ Christian identity became known to the pagan Roman authorities. Soldiers were dispatched to find and arrest him. Upon nearing Sinope, they stopped at Phocas’ door and received lodging from him, unaware that their host was the man they were charged to capture. reluctant to carry out their orders against their kind host, but in the end they beheaded him.

[orthodoxydaily]

Saints&Reading; Thursday, July 18, 2024

july 5_july 18

VENERABLE ATHANASIUS, MONK OF Mt ATHOS (1003)

Saint Athanasius of Athos, in holy Baptism named Abraham, was born in the city of Trebezond. He was orphaned at an early age, and being raised by a certain good and pious nun, he imitated his adoptive mother in the habits of monastic life, in fasting and in prayer. Doing his lessons came easily and he soon outpaced his peers in study.

After the death of his adoptive mother, Abraham was taken to Constantinople, to the court of the Byzantine emperor Romanus the Elder, and was enrolled as a student under the renowned rhetorician Athanasius. In a short while the student attained the mastery of skill of his teacher and he himself became an instructor of youths. Reckoning as the true life that of fasting and vigilance, Abraham led a strict and abstinent life, he slept little and then only sitting upon a stool, and barley bread and water were his nourishment. When his teacher Athanasius through human weakness became jealous of his student, blessed Abraham gave up his teaching position and went away.

During these days there had arrived at Constantinople Saint Michael Maleinos (July 12), igumen of the Kyminas monastery. Abraham told the igumen about his life, and revealed to him his secret desire to become a monk. The holy Elder, discerning in Abraham a chosen vessel of the Holy Spirit, became fond of him and taught him much in questions of salvation. One time during their spiritual talks Saint Michael was visited by his nephew, Nikēphóros Phocas, a military officer and future emperor. Abraham’s lofty spirit and profound mind impressed Nikēphóros, and all his life he regarded the saint with reverent respect and with love. Abraham was consumed by his zeal for the monastic life. Having forsaken everything, he went to the Kyminas monastery and, falling down at the feet of the holy igumen, he begged to be received into the monastic life. The igumen fulfilled his request with joy and tonsured him with the name Athanasius.

With long fasts, vigils, bending of the knees, with works night and day Athanasius soon attained such perfection, that the holy igumen blessed him for the exploit of silence in a solitary place not far from the monastery. Later on, having left Kyminas, he made the rounds of many desolate and solitary places, and guided by God, he came to a place called Melanos, at the very extremity of Athos, settling far off from the other monastic dwellings. Here the monk made himself a cell and began to live an ascetical life in works and in prayer, proceeding from exploit to exploit towards higher monastic attainment.

The enemy of mankind tried to arouse in Saint Athanasius hatred for the place chosen by him, and assaulted him with constant suggestions in thought. The ascetic decided to suffer it out for a year, and then wherever the Lord should direct him, he would go. On the last day of this year’s length of time, when Saint Athanasius set about to prayer, a heavenly light suddenly shone upon him, filling him with an indescribable joy, all the thoughts dissipated, and from his eyes welled up graced tears. From that moment Saint Athanasius received the gift of tenderness , and he became as strongly fond of the place of his solitude as he had formerly loathed it.

During this time Nikēphóros Phocas, having had enough of military exploits, remembered his vow to become a monk and from his means he besought Saint Athanasius to build a monastery, i.e., to build cells for him and the brethren, and a church where the brethren could commune of the Divine Mysteries of Christ on Sundays.

Tending to shun cares and worries, Saint Athanasius at first would not agree to accept the hateful gold, but seeing the fervent desire and good intent of Nikēphóros, and discerning in this the will of God, he set about the building of the monastery. He built a large church in honor of the holy Prophet and Forerunner of Christ, John the Baptist, and another church at the foot of a hill, in the name of the Most Holy Theotokos. Around the church were the cells, and a wondrous monastery arose on the Holy Mountain. In it were a trapeza (dining area), a hospice for the sick and for taking in wanderers, and other necessary structures.

Brethren flocked to the monastery from everywhere, not only from Greece, but also from other lands, simple people and illustrious dignitaries, desert-dwellers having labored in asceticism for long years in the wilderness, igumens from many monasteries and hierarchs wanting to become simple monks in the Athos Lavra of Saint Athanasius.

The saint established at the monastery a cenobitic monastic Rule on the model of the old Palestinian monasteries. Divine services were served with all strictness, and no one was so bold as to talk during the services, nor to come late or leave the church without necessity.

The Heavenly Patroness of Athos, the All-Pure Mother of God Herself, was graciously disposed towards the saint. Many times he was privileged to see Her with his own eyes. By God’s dispensation, there once occurred such a hunger, that the monks one after the other quit the Lavra. The saint remained all alone and, in a moment of weakness, he also considered leaving. Suddenly he beheld a Woman beneath an ethereal veil, coming to meet him. “Who are you and where are you going?” She asked quietly. Saint Athanasius from an innate deference halted. “I am a monk from here,” Saint Athanasius replied, and spoke about himself and his worries.

“Would you forsake the monastery which was intended for glory from generation unto generation, just for a morsel of dry bread? Where is your faith? Turn around, and I shall help you.” “Who are you?” asked Athanasius. “I am the Mother of the Lord,” She answered, and bid Athanasius to strike his staff upon a stone. From the fissure there gushed forth a spring of water, which exists even now, in remembrance of this miraculous visitation.

The brethren grew in number, and the construction work at the Lavra continued. Saint Athanasius, foreseeing the time of his departure to the Lord, prophesied about his impending end and besought the brethren not to be troubled over what he foresaw. “For Wisdom disposes otherwise than as people judge.” The brethren were perplexed and pondered the words of the saint. After giving the brethren his final guidance and comforting all, Saint Athanasius entered his cell, put on his mantiya and holy kukolion (head covering), which he wore only on great feasts, and emerged after prolonged prayer. Alert and joyful, the holy igumen went up with six of the brethren to the top of the church to inspect the construction. Suddenly, through the imperceptible will of God, the top of the church collapsed. Five of the brethren immediately gave up their souls to God. Saint Athanasius and the architect Daniel, thrown upon the stones, remained alive. All heard the saint call out to the Lord, “Glory to Thee, O God! Lord, Jesus Christ, help me!” The brethren with great weeping began to dig out their father from the rubble, but they found him already dead.

MARTYRS NUNS SAINTS ELIZABETH AND BARBARA (1918)

 Grand Duchess Elizabeth was a grand-daughter of Queen Victoria of England and the older sister of the Empress Alexandra (July 4). After marrying Grand Duke Sergei, the governor of Moscow, she converted to the Orthodox faith from protestantism on her own free will. She then organized women from all levels of society to help the soldiers at the front and in the hospitals. Grand Duke Sergius was killed by an assassin’s bomb on February 4, 1905, just as St Elizabeth was leaving for her workshops. Remarkably, she visited her husband’s killer in prison and urged him to repent.

After this, she took monastic vows and withdrew from the world, founding the Convent of Saints Mary and Martha in Ordinka. Women from the nobility and the common people were attracted to the convent. There, she served as superior, devoting her time to prayer, fasting, and helping the poor. She nursed sick and wounded soldiers in the hospitals and on the battlefront.

On Pascha of 1918, the Communists ordered her to leave Moscow and join the royal family near Ekaterinburg. She left with a novice, Sister Barbara, and an escort of Latvian guards. After arriving in Ekaterinburg, St Elizabeth was denied access to the Tsar’s family. She was placed in a convent, where she was warmly received by the sisters.

At the end of May, St Elizabeth was moved to nearby Alopaevsk with the Grand Dukes Sergius, John, and Constantine and the young Count Vladimir Paley. They were all housed in a schoolhouse on the edge of town. St Elizabeth was under guard, but was permitted to go to church and work in the garden.

On the night of July 5, they were all taken to a place twelve miles from Alopaevsk, and executed. The Grand Duke Sergius was shot, but the others were thrown down a mineshaft, and then grenades were tossed after them. St. Elizabeth lived for several hours and could be heard singing the cherubic hymn when she died.

The Nun Barbara, her cell-attendant, voluntarily followed St Elizabeth into exile and received martyrdom. In 1920, Their relics were recovered and taken at great risk to China, then to Jerusalem, where they were deposited in the Convent of St Mary Magdalene. When their reliquaries were opened in 1981, their bodies were found to be partly incorrupt, and gave off a sweet fragrance.      Footnote: After the assasination of her husband in Moscow, Grand Duchess Elizabeth had a cross erected at the site of his death, bearing the inscription "Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do." After the revolution, the cross remained standing through the devotion of the people of Moscow to St Elizabeth, until it was personally torn down by Lenin.

2 CORINTHIANS 6:1-10

1 We then, as workers together with Him also plead with you not to receive the grace of God in vain. 2 For He says: In an acceptable time I have heard you, And in the day of salvation I have helped you." Behold, now is the accepted time; behold, now is the day of salvation. 3 We give no offense in anything, that our ministry may not be blamed. 4 But in all things we commend ourselves as ministers of God: in much patience, in tribulations, in needs, in distresses, 5 in stripes, in imprisonments, in tumults, in labors, in sleeplessness, in fastings; 6 by purity, by knowledge, by longsuffering, by kindness, by the Holy Spirit, by sincere love, 7 by the word of truth, by the power of God, by the armor of righteousness on the right hand and on the left, 8 by honor and dishonor, by evil report and good report; as deceivers, and yet true; 9 as unknown, and yet well known; as dying, and behold we live; as chastened, and yet not killed; 10 as sorrowful, yet always rejoicing; as poor, yet making many rich; as having nothing, and yet possessing all things.

LUKE 6:17-23

17 And He came down with them and stood on a level place with a crowd of His disciples and a great multitude of people from all Judea and Jerusalem, and from the seacoast of Tyre and Sidon, who came to hear Him and be healed of their diseases, 18 as well as those who were tormented with unclean spirits. And they were healed. 19 And the whole multitude sought to touch Him, for power went out from Him and healed them all. 20 Then He lifted up His eyes toward His disciples, and said: Blessed are you poor, For yours is the kingdom of God. 21 Blessed are you who hunger now, For you shall be filled. Blessed are you who weep now, For you shall laugh. 22 Blessed are you when men hate you, And when they exclude you, And revile you, and cast out your name as evil, For the Son of Man's sake. 23 Rejoice in that day and leap for joy! For indeed your reward is great in heaven, For in like manner their fathers did to the prophets.

[raisab332012]

Answer to Who was the most destructive Byzantine emperor? by Cyrus II https://www.quora.com/Who-was-the-most-destructive-Byzantine-emperor/answer/Cyrus-II-3?ch=18&oid=1477743769794652&share=dbf45211&srid=7KVRc&target_type=answer

[jacscorner]

[Jango: I don't get why people don't like me. I'm not the bad guy in this story!]

Sector 7 of the Phoca Gigas system, Space Station Isis. The sector is the home of the Artisan Guild. Painters, sculptors, bakers, writers, and various workers from metal to wood to cloth and so on. The Artisans, in a lot of ways, are the backbone of the sector. There is no solar system here, just a collection of colony worlds and space stations. It's neutral territory for various warring warlords, all fighting for the right to take the Solar Throne and become master of the universe.

On the 7th day of the 7th month of the cosmic calendar is the day every Artisan looks forward to: Auction Day. Where Artisans do everything in their power to sell the best of their crafts. Some sell pieces, others try to market themselves to sell their services. The only rule - an unspoken one - is that the Artisans never know who will be there. After all; who rules what pieces of space can change at the drop of a hat. One year, you're dealing with the God Emperor of the Red World. The next, he's been dethroned by his second cousin, who was assassinated by his wife, and she was conquered by her neighbor and is the accompanying slave of the God Empress of the Gold World.

[Jango: ...Okay, so I'm not the good guy in this story either. But I'm not a drug lord or war profiteer.]

Jango Fox had a lot of paintings on display. As a member of the guild, he also looked forward to this day. He had many displays in his section. But there was one piece he made special. With information slipped to him by a broker he was good friends with.

[Jango: ...Hey. Don't look at me like that. You can't break a rule that's unwritten. Shishishishi~]

And then, she appeared.

Sesuna Of The Summer Court, a Sylvan of Planet Carver. The Sylvans are a peculiar people; according to them, they evolved from a giant tree on their homeworld. In essence, they're humanoid trees, with bark-like skin. The Sylvans used to be seen as peaceful people, but never weak people. In fact, they have been mostly left alone due to offworlders going to Carver and never coming back. In fact, they were savage, tribal people before these ignorant visiters were slaughtered and their tech salvaged, kickstarting their space age. They have been big players on the world stage since.

And Sesuna was their current ruler.

"Hmm..." Sesuna mused as she looked at the painting displayed. "A depiction of Agape, The Tree of Origin, in the colors that match my leaves." She put a finger to her chin. "If I didn't know any better, Artisan, I'd assume you were trying to pander to me."

"Well~" Jango shrugged his shoulders, "is it working?

"Admittedly, it is." Sesuna answered.

This story is the result of another D&D Campaign that fell through. Seems my bad luck continues with finding a TTRPG group. Though, with how things have been changing in my life, maybe this was GOOD luck, actually...

[usefullistanbul]

Known as The Golden Age

The period of his rule is known as “The Golden Age” not only because he had expanded the territory of the First Bulgarian Kingdom between three seas – the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Adriatic Sea. Simeon the Great left a bright trace in Bulgarian diplomacy, united the Slavic tribes and developed the schools in Ohrid and Preslav which his father had founded. During his rule were created masterpieces of literature like the Alphabetical Prayer and Preface to the Gospel by Constantine of Preslav, Six Days by Joan Exarch and A Tale of the Letters – the latter is considered by some researchers as a work of the King himself under the pen-name Chernorizets Hrabar. The 9th and 10th centuries were also an epoque of vigorous blossoming of arts and crafts, architecture and sculpture.

Decline

However, Simeon the Great left also a dark trace in Bulgarian history. The society was exhausted of all those wars he waged and the problems of social inequality had sharpened. In the second half of the 10th century appeared a new danger: the Varangians under Oleg seized from the Hazars Kiev Visit Bulgaria – the old Slavic settlement on trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople – to settle there in 882 the capital of a state named Kievan Russia and soon their horsemen were on the north banks of the Danube…

The son of Simeon the Great, Petar, ruled from 927 to 969 following a peaceful foreign policy. He married his granddaughter to the Byzantine Emperor and signed a 40-years peace treaty. But there was already an unstable atmosphere in the state which helped the Serbs to restore their independent principality and split off from the Bulgarian kingdom. Peter also suffered a series of defeats from the Prince of Kiev, Svetoslav – an ally of the Emperor Nicephorus II Phocas – after which he fell sick and retired to a monastery. His son, Boris II (969-971), ascended the throne. When Svetoslav undertook his serial march in Bulgaria the King concluded a peace treaty with him and in 970 the united army of Bulgarians and Russians attacked Byzantium. This time, however, the Byzantines won and Boris II was taken to Constantinople as a prisoner of war.

[istanbularttr]

Known as The Golden Age

The period of his rule is known as “The Golden Age” not only because he had expanded the territory of the First Bulgarian Kingdom between three seas – the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Adriatic Sea. Simeon the Great left a bright trace in Bulgarian diplomacy, united the Slavic tribes and developed the schools in Ohrid and Preslav which his father had founded. During his rule were created masterpieces of literature like the Alphabetical Prayer and Preface to the Gospel by Constantine of Preslav, Six Days by Joan Exarch and A Tale of the Letters – the latter is considered by some researchers as a work of the King himself under the pen-name Chernorizets Hrabar. The 9th and 10th centuries were also an epoque of vigorous blossoming of arts and crafts, architecture and sculpture.

Decline

However, Simeon the Great left also a dark trace in Bulgarian history. The society was exhausted of all those wars he waged and the problems of social inequality had sharpened. In the second half of the 10th century appeared a new danger: the Varangians under Oleg seized from the Hazars Kiev Visit Bulgaria – the old Slavic settlement on trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople – to settle there in 882 the capital of a state named Kievan Russia and soon their horsemen were on the north banks of the Danube…

The son of Simeon the Great, Petar, ruled from 927 to 969 following a peaceful foreign policy. He married his granddaughter to the Byzantine Emperor and signed a 40-years peace treaty. But there was already an unstable atmosphere in the state which helped the Serbs to restore their independent principality and split off from the Bulgarian kingdom. Peter also suffered a series of defeats from the Prince of Kiev, Svetoslav – an ally of the Emperor Nicephorus II Phocas – after which he fell sick and retired to a monastery. His son, Boris II (969-971), ascended the throne. When Svetoslav undertook his serial march in Bulgaria the King concluded a peace treaty with him and in 970 the united army of Bulgarians and Russians attacked Byzantium. This time, however, the Byzantines won and Boris II was taken to Constantinople as a prisoner of war.

[clothingstore]

Known as The Golden Age

The period of his rule is known as “The Golden Age” not only because he had expanded the territory of the First Bulgarian Kingdom between three seas – the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Adriatic Sea. Simeon the Great left a bright trace in Bulgarian diplomacy, united the Slavic tribes and developed the schools in Ohrid and Preslav which his father had founded. During his rule were created masterpieces of literature like the Alphabetical Prayer and Preface to the Gospel by Constantine of Preslav, Six Days by Joan Exarch and A Tale of the Letters – the latter is considered by some researchers as a work of the King himself under the pen-name Chernorizets Hrabar. The 9th and 10th centuries were also an epoque of vigorous blossoming of arts and crafts, architecture and sculpture.

Decline

However, Simeon the Great left also a dark trace in Bulgarian history. The society was exhausted of all those wars he waged and the problems of social inequality had sharpened. In the second half of the 10th century appeared a new danger: the Varangians under Oleg seized from the Hazars Kiev Visit Bulgaria – the old Slavic settlement on trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople – to settle there in 882 the capital of a state named Kievan Russia and soon their horsemen were on the north banks of the Danube…

The son of Simeon the Great, Petar, ruled from 927 to 969 following a peaceful foreign policy. He married his granddaughter to the Byzantine Emperor and signed a 40-years peace treaty. But there was already an unstable atmosphere in the state which helped the Serbs to restore their independent principality and split off from the Bulgarian kingdom. Peter also suffered a series of defeats from the Prince of Kiev, Svetoslav – an ally of the Emperor Nicephorus II Phocas – after which he fell sick and retired to a monastery. His son, Boris II (969-971), ascended the throne. When Svetoslav undertook his serial march in Bulgaria the King concluded a peace treaty with him and in 970 the united army of Bulgarians and Russians attacked Byzantium. This time, however, the Byzantines won and Boris II was taken to Constantinople as a prisoner of war.

[istanbulpub]

Known as The Golden Age

The period of his rule is known as “The Golden Age” not only because he had expanded the territory of the First Bulgarian Kingdom between three seas – the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Adriatic Sea. Simeon the Great left a bright trace in Bulgarian diplomacy, united the Slavic tribes and developed the schools in Ohrid and Preslav which his father had founded. During his rule were created masterpieces of literature like the Alphabetical Prayer and Preface to the Gospel by Constantine of Preslav, Six Days by Joan Exarch and A Tale of the Letters – the latter is considered by some researchers as a work of the King himself under the pen-name Chernorizets Hrabar. The 9th and 10th centuries were also an epoque of vigorous blossoming of arts and crafts, architecture and sculpture.

Decline

However, Simeon the Great left also a dark trace in Bulgarian history. The society was exhausted of all those wars he waged and the problems of social inequality had sharpened. In the second half of the 10th century appeared a new danger: the Varangians under Oleg seized from the Hazars Kiev Visit Bulgaria – the old Slavic settlement on trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople – to settle there in 882 the capital of a state named Kievan Russia and soon their horsemen were on the north banks of the Danube…

The son of Simeon the Great, Petar, ruled from 927 to 969 following a peaceful foreign policy. He married his granddaughter to the Byzantine Emperor and signed a 40-years peace treaty. But there was already an unstable atmosphere in the state which helped the Serbs to restore their independent principality and split off from the Bulgarian kingdom. Peter also suffered a series of defeats from the Prince of Kiev, Svetoslav – an ally of the Emperor Nicephorus II Phocas – after which he fell sick and retired to a monastery. His son, Boris II (969-971), ascended the throne. When Svetoslav undertook his serial march in Bulgaria the King concluded a peace treaty with him and in 970 the united army of Bulgarians and Russians attacked Byzantium. This time, however, the Byzantines won and Boris II was taken to Constantinople as a prisoner of war.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 11.27 (before 1950)

AD 25 – Luoyang is declared capital of the Eastern Han dynasty by Emperor Guangwu of Han. 176 – Emperor Marcus Aurelius grants his son Commodus the rank of "Imperator" and makes him Supreme Commander of the Roman legions. 395 – Rufinus, praetorian prefect of the East, is murdered by Gothic mercenaries under Gainas. 511 – King Clovis I dies at Lutetia and is buried in the Abbey of St Genevieve. 602 – Byzantine Emperor Maurice is forced to watch as the usurper Phocas executes his five sons before Maurice is beheaded himself. 1095 – Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont. 1382 – Al-Salih Hajji, the last Qalawunid sultan, was deposed by Barquq in 1382, ending the long period of the Turkic Bahri Mamluk period in general and particularly the Qalawunid dynasty and starting the reign of the Circassian Burji Mamluk. 1542 – Palace plot of Renyin year: A group of Ming dynasty palace women fail to murder the Jiajing Emperor, and are executed by slow-slicing. 1727 – The foundation stone to the Jerusalem Church in Berlin is laid. 1755 – An earthquake in northern Morocco devastates the cities of Fes and Meknes. 1809 – The Berners Street hoax is perpetrated by Theodore Hook in the City of Westminster, London. 1815 – Adoption of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland. 1830 – Saint Catherine Labouré experiences a Marian apparition. 1835 – James Pratt and John Smith are hanged in London; they are the last two to be executed for sodomy in England. 1839 – In Boston, Massachusetts, the American Statistical Association is founded. 1856 – The Coup of 1856 leads to Luxembourg's unilateral adoption of a new, reactionary constitution. 1863 – American Civil War: Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and several of his men escape the Ohio Penitentiary and return safely to the South. 1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Mine Run: Union forces under General George Meade take up positions against troops led by Confederate General Robert E. Lee. 1868 – American Indian Wars: Battle of Washita River: United States Army Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer leads an attack on Cheyenne living on reservation land. 1879 – War of the Pacific: Battle of Tarapacá: The confrontation between the Chilean Army and the Peruvian Army takes place in Tarapacá, the Peruvian victory is consummated with the death of the 2 generals and the capture the Chilean general in said place of battle, headed by the Peruvian victory of General Juan Buendía y Noregia. 1895 – At the Swedish–Norwegian Club in Paris, Alfred Nobel signs his last will and testament, setting aside his estate to establish the Nobel Prize after he dies. 1896 – Also sprach Zarathustra by Richard Strauss is first performed. 1901 – The U.S. Army War College is established. 1912 – Spain declares a protectorate over the north shore of Morocco. 1917 – P. E. Svinhufvud becomes the chairman of his first senate, technically the first Prime Minister of Finland. 1918 – The Makhnovshchina is established. 1924 – In New York City, the first Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade is held. 1940 – In Romania, the ruling Iron Guard fascist party assassinates over 60 of arrested King Carol II of Romania's aides and other political dissidents. 1940 – World War II: At the Battle of Cape Spartivento, the Royal Navy engages the Regia Marina in the Mediterranean Sea. 1942 – World War II: At Toulon, the French navy scuttles its ships and submarines to keep them out of Nazi hands. 1944 – World War II: RAF Fauld explosion: An explosion at a Royal Air Force ammunition dump in Staffordshire kills seventy people. 1945 – CARE (then the Cooperative for American Remittances to Europe) is founded to send CARE Packages of food relief to Europe after World War II.

[staristan]

Known as The Golden Age

The period of his rule is known as “The Golden Age” not only because he had expanded the territory of the First Bulgarian Kingdom between three seas – the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Adriatic Sea. Simeon the Great left a bright trace in Bulgarian diplomacy, united the Slavic tribes and developed the schools in Ohrid and Preslav which his father had founded. During his rule were created masterpieces of literature like the Alphabetical Prayer and Preface to the Gospel by Constantine of Preslav, Six Days by Joan Exarch and A Tale of the Letters – the latter is considered by some researchers as a work of the King himself under the pen-name Chernorizets Hrabar. The 9th and 10th centuries were also an epoque of vigorous blossoming of arts and crafts, architecture and sculpture.

Decline

However, Simeon the Great left also a dark trace in Bulgarian history. The society was exhausted of all those wars he waged and the problems of social inequality had sharpened. In the second half of the 10th century appeared a new danger: the Varangians under Oleg seized from the Hazars Kiev Visit Bulgaria – the old Slavic settlement on trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople – to settle there in 882 the capital of a state named Kievan Russia and soon their horsemen were on the north banks of the Danube…

The son of Simeon the Great, Petar, ruled from 927 to 969 following a peaceful foreign policy. He married his granddaughter to the Byzantine Emperor and signed a 40-years peace treaty. But there was already an unstable atmosphere in the state which helped the Serbs to restore their independent principality and split off from the Bulgarian kingdom. Peter also suffered a series of defeats from the Prince of Kiev, Svetoslav – an ally of the Emperor Nicephorus II Phocas – after which he fell sick and retired to a monastery. His son, Boris II (969-971), ascended the throne. When Svetoslav undertook his serial march in Bulgaria the King concluded a peace treaty with him and in 970 the united army of Bulgarians and Russians attacked Byzantium. This time, however, the Byzantines won and Boris II was taken to Constantinople as a prisoner of war.

[byzantiumcyber]

Byzantine Gold Coin.

Byzantine Coin of Maurice Tiberius, before the usurpation of Emperor Phocas in 602 AD. His revolt against Maurice would begin the start of the transformation of the Byzantines.

[allhealthly]

Known as The Golden Age

The period of his rule is known as “The Golden Age” not only because he had expanded the territory of the First Bulgarian Kingdom between three seas – the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Adriatic Sea. Simeon the Great left a bright trace in Bulgarian diplomacy, united the Slavic tribes and developed the schools in Ohrid and Preslav which his father had founded. During his rule were created masterpieces of literature like the Alphabetical Prayer and Preface to the Gospel by Constantine of Preslav, Six Days by Joan Exarch and A Tale of the Letters – the latter is considered by some researchers as a work of the King himself under the pen-name Chernorizets Hrabar. The 9th and 10th centuries were also an epoque of vigorous blossoming of arts and crafts, architecture and sculpture.

Decline

However, Simeon the Great left also a dark trace in Bulgarian history. The society was exhausted of all those wars he waged and the problems of social inequality had sharpened. In the second half of the 10th century appeared a new danger: the Varangians under Oleg seized from the Hazars Kiev Visit Bulgaria – the old Slavic settlement on trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople – to settle there in 882 the capital of a state named Kievan Russia and soon their horsemen were on the north banks of the Danube…

The son of Simeon the Great, Petar, ruled from 927 to 969 following a peaceful foreign policy. He married his granddaughter to the Byzantine Emperor and signed a 40-years peace treaty. But there was already an unstable atmosphere in the state which helped the Serbs to restore their independent principality and split off from the Bulgarian kingdom. Peter also suffered a series of defeats from the Prince of Kiev, Svetoslav – an ally of the Emperor Nicephorus II Phocas – after which he fell sick and retired to a monastery. His son, Boris II (969-971), ascended the throne. When Svetoslav undertook his serial march in Bulgaria the King concluded a peace treaty with him and in 970 the united army of Bulgarians and Russians attacked Byzantium. This time, however, the Byzantines won and Boris II was taken to Constantinople as a prisoner of war.

[istanbulmarket]

Known as The Golden Age

The period of his rule is known as “The Golden Age” not only because he had expanded the territory of the First Bulgarian Kingdom between three seas – the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Adriatic Sea. Simeon the Great left a bright trace in Bulgarian diplomacy, united the Slavic tribes and developed the schools in Ohrid and Preslav which his father had founded. During his rule were created masterpieces of literature like the Alphabetical Prayer and Preface to the Gospel by Constantine of Preslav, Six Days by Joan Exarch and A Tale of the Letters – the latter is considered by some researchers as a work of the King himself under the pen-name Chernorizets Hrabar. The 9th and 10th centuries were also an epoque of vigorous blossoming of arts and crafts, architecture and sculpture.

Decline

However, Simeon the Great left also a dark trace in Bulgarian history. The society was exhausted of all those wars he waged and the problems of social inequality had sharpened. In the second half of the 10th century appeared a new danger: the Varangians under Oleg seized from the Hazars Kiev Visit Bulgaria – the old Slavic settlement on trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople – to settle there in 882 the capital of a state named Kievan Russia and soon their horsemen were on the north banks of the Danube…

The son of Simeon the Great, Petar, ruled from 927 to 969 following a peaceful foreign policy. He married his granddaughter to the Byzantine Emperor and signed a 40-years peace treaty. But there was already an unstable atmosphere in the state which helped the Serbs to restore their independent principality and split off from the Bulgarian kingdom. Peter also suffered a series of defeats from the Prince of Kiev, Svetoslav – an ally of the Emperor Nicephorus II Phocas – after which he fell sick and retired to a monastery. His son, Boris II (969-971), ascended the throne. When Svetoslav undertook his serial march in Bulgaria the King concluded a peace treaty with him and in 970 the united army of Bulgarians and Russians attacked Byzantium. This time, however, the Byzantines won and Boris II was taken to Constantinople as a prisoner of war.