#education reform Jharkhand

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Teachers Plan Hunger Strike Over Unfulfilled Demands

Jharkhand Educators to Fast on August 5 for Career Progression and Workload Relief All Jharkhand Primary Teachers’ Organization escalates protest, citing multiple unaddressed issues affecting education quality and teacher welfare. SERAIKELA – The All Jharkhand Primary Teachers’ Organization has announced a hunger strike at the state headquarters on August 5, intensifying their campaign for…

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LL.M. 2-Year Master’s Degree: Course Overview, Colleges, Fees, and Career Path

LL.M. Course Overview:

Those who already hold an LL.B. (Bachelor of Laws) degree and want to further their legal education can apply for the two-year Master of Law Degree (LL.M.). The LLM course has been extended to enable a more thorough examination of specialized fields like international law, criminal law, corporate law, human rights law, environmental law, and more. Students are better equipped to manage coursework, research, and internships because of the longer duration. The final dissertation or thesis, case studies, seminars, and lectures make up the curriculum. Pupils are encouraged to conduct independent legal research, frequently concentrating on intricate legal matters from a comparative or global standpoint. Professionals wishing to advance into more senior positions in law firms, government offices, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), academia, and other fields can benefit from this LL.M. program.

Most universities offer a two-year LL.M. program that combines coursework with a focus on research. This guarantees that students acquire not only theoretical understanding but also participate in real-world implementations of legal concepts. The dissertation component often requires students to critically assess legal regulations, policies, or practices, making this program ideal for those who are looking to delve into academic research or pursue a career in legal policy.

LL.M. Course Eligibility Criteria:

To enroll in the 2-year LL.M. course, candidates generally need to meet the following criteria at Usha Martin University, Jharkhand:

Applicants must have held an LL.B. degree from a recognized university.

They should have a minimum of 50% marks.

This is the basic eligibility criteria for LLM admission at Usha Martin University.

LL.M. Master Degree Course Fee Structure:

The total fee for a two-year LLM course at Usha Martin University is INR 1,53,000.

Career Opportunities After the LL.M. Master Degree –

There are countless career options available to those with an LL.M., both inside and outside of traditional legal practice. Graduates can contribute to international relations, policy advice, and legal reform by taking on more senior positions in specialized legal fields.

Corporate Lawyer: LL.M. graduates can become in-house legal counsel for large corporations or work for corporate law firms. One can improve their chances in the business world by specializing in corporate law, mergers and acquisitions, or intellectual property rights.

Judge or Legal Consultant: A lot of people with an LL.M. go on to become judges or legal consultants, offering legal advice on public policy, regulatory compliance, and legal issues to both public and private agencies.

Academics and Research: For LL.M. graduates who wish to teach, write legal textbooks, or participate in scholarly research, the academic world is a popular choice. For those who are interested in furthering legal theory, careers as lecturers, professors, or legal researchers are typical choices.

Human Rights Advocacy: An LL.M. provides the means for individuals who are committed to environmental law, social justice, or human rights to collaborate with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and global institutions such as the World Trade Organization, United Nations, or World Bank.

International Law: Professionals with expertise in arbitration, global governance, or international trade law can work for governments or international organizations to influence international treaties and legal policies.

Policy Advisor: LL.M. graduates have the potential to be extremely valuable as policy advisors to public or private organizations, helping to shape legal frameworks and offering counsel on issues pertaining to public law and constitutional law.

Read More: Know All About The Importance of Law Courses in India

Top 10 Skills Required for Success in LL.M. Degree –

The LL.M. program demands a broad range of skills for success. The top ten abilities that students can really benefit from are as follows:

Critical Thinking

Research Skills

Legal Writing

Negotiation Skills

Analytical Abilities

Communication Skills

Attention to Detail

Ethical Judgment

Time Management

Adaptability

These abilities guarantee that LL.M. holders are capable of navigating intricate legal systems, carrying out in-depth research, and effectively articulating arguments in both academic and professional contexts.

Why Choose a 2-Year LL.M. Course at UMU?

Usha Martin University’s two-year LL.M. program is more flexible and comprehensive than its one-year counterpart. It enables students to take on longer research projects, manage internships and coursework, and gain a deeper comprehension of the legal specialization they have chosen. Because of the longer timeframe and increased opportunities for independent study and interaction with legal issues, this format is especially helpful for individuals who wish to pursue careers in academia or research.

Extensive Curriculum: Usha Martin University’s two-year LL.M. program provides a comprehensive curriculum covering a range of legal specializations. In order to prepare them for specialized legal roles, students acquire a thorough understanding of advanced legal principles and the most recent advancements in the field.

Highly Qualified Faculty: Proficient instructors with extensive academic and professional backgrounds teach the program. Their knowledge ensures a comprehensive learning experience by assisting students in bridging the gap between abstract ideas and practical legal practice.

Prioritize Innovation and Research: Usha Martin University places a strong emphasis on research-based education. Students are urged to write dissertations and conduct legal research on cutting-edge legal topics in order to develop their analytical and critical thinking abilities, which are crucial for success in both the classroom and the workplace.

Modern Infrastructure: The university has digital libraries, legal databases, and mock courts among its state-of-the-art amenities. These tools give students practical learning experiences that mimic actual court cases and improve their practical knowledge.

Exposure to Industry and Internships: Usha Martin University provides a wide range of internship opportunities with NGOs, corporate legal departments, and top law firms. Students who are exposed to this industry are able to develop networks and practical insights that are essential for career advancement.

Flexible Specialization Options: Students enrolled in the LL.M. program have the option to select from a number of specializations, including corporate law, criminal law, international law, and constitutional law. Students can better match their educational objectives with their interests and career aspirations thanks to this flexibility.

Reasonable Fees with Scholarships: Usha Martin University makes high-quality education accessible by providing an LL.M. program with a reasonable fee structure. In order to guarantee financial support for students who achieve academic excellence, the university also awards scholarships to deserving applicants.

Usha Martin University’s two-year LL.M. program is highly recommended due to its combination of rigorous academics, real-world experience, and reasonably priced tuition.

Conclusion

For recent graduates looking to advance their legal careers and broaden their knowledge, pursuing a two-year LL.M. degree at Usha Martin University is a significant step. The program provides a multitude of options for specialization and career growth, with opportunities in corporate law, international law, academia, and policy advisory. An LL.M. from a reputable law school will give you the abilities and credentials you need to succeed, whether your career goals are to work as a judge, policy advisor, expert in law, professor, or other role. So, what are you waiting for? Your future is waiting for you. Just make the correct choice to make your life better. The two-year llm course admission is open at UMU. Apply Now!

[latestlawslatestlaws]

The Latest Laws in India: A Comprehensive Overview for Legal Aspirants

In a dynamic country like India, laws evolve continuously to adapt to changing societal needs. Staying updated with the latest laws in India is crucial for legal professionals, students, and citizens. This blog delves into the recent legal developments and offers insights into specific state laws, family law, and judicial services. Whether you are preparing for the State Judicial Services Exam, looking for Judiciary Question Papers, or simply keen to know more about the legal landscape, this guide has you covered.

Latest Laws in India: An Evolving Landscape

India's legal system is constantly evolving, with new laws being enacted and existing laws amended to reflect the current socio-political environment. Recent updates include changes in labor laws, data protection regulations, and family laws, which directly impact both individuals and businesses. Staying informed about these latest laws in India helps in understanding the country's governance and compliance requirements.

Family Law Bare Act: A Key Legal Resource

The Family Law Bare Act is a fundamental resource for anyone interested in family law in India. It includes laws related to marriage, divorce, adoption, inheritance, and guardianship. Understanding the Family Law Bare Act is essential for those preparing for the State Judicial Services Exam or practicing in family courts, as it provides the core framework governing family-related legal matters in the country.

State Judicial Services Exam: A Gateway to the Judiciary

The State Judicial Services Exam is a significant step for legal professionals aspiring to join the state judiciary. This competitive examination assesses a candidate's knowledge of state-specific laws, general legal principles, and aptitude for judicial roles. For effective preparation, candidates must access Judiciary Question Papers from previous years, which provide insights into the exam pattern, frequently asked questions, and important legal topics.

Diverse State Laws: From Bihar to Gujarat

Each Indian state has its own set of laws that cater to its unique socio-economic and cultural needs. For instance, Bihar State Laws focus on local governance, property rights, and public order, while Chhattisgarh State Laws address land management, tribal welfare, and environmental concerns. Similarly, Delhi Local Laws are tailored to the governance of the National Capital Territory, focusing on urban planning, public safety, and administrative regulations.

States like Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Mizoram also have their own legal frameworks. Jharkhand State Laws emphasize resource management and cultural preservation, whereas Madhya Pradesh State Laws address public welfare and property disputes. Maharashtra State Laws govern a wide range of areas, from urban development to consumer protection, while Mizoram State Laws focus on tribal rights and community governance.

Odisha State Laws cover diverse subjects such as environmental conservation, land reforms, and cultural heritage, while Puducherry Local Laws manage the unique administrative needs of this Union Territory. Similarly, Rajasthan State Laws include regulations for land reforms, agriculture, and local governance, reflecting the state's distinct socio-economic context.

Keeping Up with Legal News and Updates in India

Staying current with Legal News in India and regular Legal Updates is essential for professionals, students, and anyone interested in the field of law. Understanding the latest amendments, court rulings, and policy changes can significantly impact one’s knowledge and decision-making in legal matters. Subscribing to trusted legal news sources and platforms can help you stay informed about crucial developments.

Overseas Law Schools: Opportunities Beyond Borders

For those looking to expand their legal education, Overseas Law Schools offer diverse opportunities. These institutions provide world-class education, exposure to international legal systems, and potential global career pathways. Whether it’s pursuing a Master’s in Law (LL.M.) or enrolling in short-term courses, studying abroad can enrich one's understanding of the law in a global context.

State-Specific Legal Frameworks: A Closer Look

Apart from the states mentioned, laws in Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, and Gujarat also play a pivotal role in shaping their respective regional legal landscapes. Andhra Pradesh State Laws focus on local governance, public order, and infrastructure development, while Arunachal Pradesh State Laws aim at preserving tribal rights, managing resources, and maintaining peace in the region. Meanwhile, Gujarat State Laws provide robust regulations for trade, commerce, and public welfare, supporting the state’s thriving economic environment.

Conclusion: Navigating the Complexities of Indian Law

Navigating through the complexities of Indian law requires constant learning and staying updated with changes. Whether you are preparing for the State Judicial Services Exam, looking for Judiciary Question Papers, or interested in state-specific laws, understanding the current legal framework is key to success in the field. Explore diverse resources, stay informed about legal news and updates, and consider international opportunities to expand your horizons.

By staying informed and adaptable, you can make the most of the opportunities in the evolving legal landscape of India.

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New Government Schemes and Programs Announced in Union Budget 2024-25

Union Budget 2024-25 outlined a comprehensive vision for India's transformation into a 'Viksit Bharat' or Developed India by 2047. The budget prioritized nine key areas: agriculture, employment, skilling, human development, manufacturing, services, urban development, energy security, infrastructure, innovation, and next-generation reforms.

The budget was underpinned by a strong focus on inclusive growth, with significant allocations for sectors like agriculture, education, healthcare, and social welfare. It emphasized job creation, skill development, and infrastructure development as crucial drivers of economic growth. Additionally, the budget prioritized energy security through investments in renewable energy sources and nuclear power.

To achieve the ambitious goal of a developed India, the government introduced several flagship schemes, including the Purvodaya plan for the eastern region, the PM Surya Ghar initiative for rooftop solar, the Atmanirbhar Oil Seeds Abhiyan, employment-linked incentive schemes, a new skilling program, the Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya Unnat Gram Abhiyan, a credit guarantee scheme for MSMEs, and NPS Vatsalya.

These initiatives are designed to address specific challenges and create opportunities across various sectors of the economy.

Overall, Budget 2024-25 presented a roadmap for India's progress towards becoming a developed nation, with a strong emphasis on inclusive growth, job creation, and infrastructure development.

Explore the Full List of Schemes from the 2024-25 Union Budget

Viksit Bharat: The Blueprint for a Developed India

The Union Budget 2024-25 introduced the ambitious vision of 'Viksit Bharat' (Developed India) by 2047. This overarching goal encompasses a multi-faceted approach to propel India towards economic prosperity, social progress, and environmental sustainability.

Purvodaya: Developing India's Eastern Region

A cornerstone of the Viksit Bharat initiative is the 'Purvodaya' plan, designed to accelerate the development of India's eastern region. States like Jharkhand, Bihar, Odisha, West Bengal, and Andhra Pradesh will be at the heart of this development push.

Infrastructure Development: Significant investments in transportation, energy, and digital connectivity are planned to improve the region's infrastructure.

Human Capital Development: Focus on education, healthcare, and skill development will be crucial to enhancing the region's human capital.

Economic Growth: The government aims to create a conducive environment for businesses and industries to thrive, generating employment opportunities and boosting economic growth.

By transforming the eastern region into a growth engine, the government aims to reduce regional disparities and contribute significantly to India's overall development.

Read More

[todaynewsinenglish]

The Pioneer: Dehradun News and More

Welcome to The Pioneer, your trusted source for today’s news paper in English. Covering local updates from Dehradun and other national news, we bring you comprehensive coverage of current events. Here are the top stories making headlines today.

Dehradun News: Local Updates and Developments

Dehradun to Host Major Tourism Conference In Dehradun news, the city is set to host a major tourism conference next month aimed at boosting local tourism and showcasing Uttarakhand’s natural beauty. The event will bring together industry leaders, travel bloggers, and government officials to discuss sustainable tourism practices and explore new opportunities for the region.

New Infrastructure Projects Announced The Dehradun municipal corporation has announced a series of new infrastructure projects, including the expansion of major roads and the development of public parks. These projects aim to improve the quality of life for residents and attract more tourists to the city. Construction is expected to begin within the next few months.

Environmental Initiatives Gain Momentum Dehradun is taking significant steps towards environmental conservation with new initiatives focused on reducing plastic use and promoting green spaces. The local government has launched campaigns to raise awareness about the importance of environmental protection, encouraging residents to participate in clean-up drives and tree-planting activities.

Today National News in English: Key Highlights

India’s Economic Growth Shows Resilience In today national news in English, India’s economy is showing signs of resilience with a steady growth rate despite global economic challenges. Recent data indicates an increase in manufacturing and service sector activities, contributing to the positive outlook. The government is focusing on further economic reforms to sustain this growth trajectory.

Healthcare Sector Receives Major Boost The Indian government has announced a substantial increase in funding for the healthcare sector, aimed at improving infrastructure and accessibility. This includes the construction of new hospitals, upgrading existing facilities, and enhancing medical research capabilities. The initiative is part of a broader plan to strengthen the nation’s healthcare system.

Ranchi News Today: Regional Highlights

Ranchi Hosts Cultural Festival In Ranchi news today, the city is hosting a vibrant cultural festival celebrating the diverse traditions and heritage of Jharkhand. The event features folk dances, music performances, and local crafts, attracting visitors from across the region. The festival aims to promote cultural exchange and boost tourism in Ranchi.

Educational Reforms Announced The Ranchi municipal authorities have announced a series of educational reforms designed to improve the quality of education in public schools. These include the introduction of new curricula, teacher training programs, and enhanced facilities. The reforms are expected to benefit thousands of students and raise educational standards in the city.

Lucknow News Today: Top Stories

Lucknow Metro Expansion Plans In Lucknow news today, the city’s metro system is set for a significant expansion with new routes and stations being planned. The expansion aims to improve connectivity and reduce traffic congestion, providing a more efficient transportation option for residents. Construction is scheduled to commence later this year.

Heritage Sites to Get Facelift Lucknow’s rich heritage sites are set to receive a facelift as part of a new government initiative to preserve and promote historical landmarks. Restoration work will be carried out on several key sites, including old palaces and monuments, to enhance their appeal to tourists and preserve their historical significance.

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Who is Gautam Adani? India’s Richest Man Avoids The Limelight

— The Economist Explains | January 31, 2023

On january 24th Hindenburg Research, a tiny American investment firm that specialises in short-selling, accused the Adani Group, a huge Indian conglomerate, of pulling off the “largest con in corporate history”. The group denies the Hindenburg report’s allegations in their entirety. Before the report’s release, the group had a market value of $235bn and Gautam Adani, its founder and boss, was the world’s third-richest man. Since then, $70bn has been wiped off the market value of the Adani Group’s firms. Who is Mr Adani, and how did he amass his empire?

Mr Adani was born in 1962 in Gujarat, a state in north-western India. He was one of eight children in a middle-class family of Jains, a religion that preaches asceticism and strict vegetarianism. Like many other Gujaratis, Mr Adani’s father was an entrepreneur, running a small textile business. But Mr Adani had little interest in textiles. After dropping out of education aged 16 he moved to Mumbai, in the neighbouring state of Maharashtra, and took a job sorting diamonds.

In 1981 his elder brother began a venture processing plastics, and Mr Adani moved home to manage it. He later began importing related raw materials, then metals, pharmaceuticals and an expanding array of commodities. When the Gujarat government outsourced management of the port of Mundra, Mr Adani, who has always deftly navigated Indian bureaucracy, won the contract; the port opened in 2001. Today Mundra is the largest port in India.

Much of Mundra’s growth came after 2001. That was when Narendra Modi, now India’s prime minister, began his 13-year tenure as Gujarat’s chief minister. Mr Modi’s administration reportedly leased land to Mr Adani at knock-down prices, helping him expand the port. (Mr Adani has denied claims of such favouritism.) A flourishing Mundra, along with a massive coal-fired power plant nearby, were the basis of the tycoon’s empire. His approach was simple: he bought rail and water rights, land and natural resources, and used one successful enterprise to finance the next. Today the Adani Group’s interests range from cement to media.

Mr Adani’s successes helped Mr Modi, too. The politician used them to portray himself as a pro-growth leader. When he became India’s prime minister in 2014 he made the journey to Delhi, the capital, on Mr Adani’s plane. Their friendship seems to have continued. In 2019 Mr Adani secured government consent to set up a lucrative Special Economic Zone in the eastern state of Jharkhand. Hindenburg alleges that the government has also been lenient in its investigations of the group. But Mr Adani rejects allegations that Mr Modi’s government has shown his enterprises undue favour. He attributes his success to reforms implemented more than 30 years ago that made India more business-friendly.

In contrast with many Indian tycoons Mr Adani keeps a low profile. That is despite a colourful past. In 1998 he was kidnapped along with an associate and reportedly released for a multimillion-dollar ransom. In 2008 he was at the Taj Mahal Hotel in Mumbai during a terrorist attack, and spent a night hiding in the basement. He rarely speaks publicly about these ordeals. There are no striking homes or flashy cars. He dresses in forgettable dark suits and white shirts, and describes himself as an introvert who does not enjoy attending parties. The share sell-off reduced Mr Adani’s personal wealth of $90bn by less than 10%; he is still the 11th-richest person in the world, down from second in September 2022.

He seems intent on building a dynasty. His son, Karan, runs Adani Ports. Rajesh, his younger brother, is the managing director of the group. Hindenburg claims that his older brother, Vinod, exercises influence from Dubai. The company denies this—but a recent biography, written with co-operation from the group, says that Vinod oversees “most financial arrangements, especially global financing”. Hindenburg has accused both brothers of manipulating the group’s share price through offshore entities. The Adanis deny these allegations. They say the short-seller is launching a “calculated attack on the growth story and ambition of India”. ■

— This article appeared in the The Economist explains section of the print edition under the headline "Who is Gautam Adani?"

[classyfoxdestiny]

Bharat Bandh updates | Delhi Police tightens security at border points

Bharat Bandh updates | Delhi Police tightens security at border points

Samyukta Kisan Morcha, the umbrella body of over 40 farm unions spearheading the farmers’ agitation, has called for an all-India Bharat Bandh.  “As this historic struggle completes 10 months, SKM has called Monday [September 27] to be observed as Bharat Bandh against the anti-farmer Modi government,” the SKM had said in a statement. The bandh will be held from 6 a.m. to 4 p.m. during which all government and private offices, educational and other institutions, shops, industries and commercial establishments as well as public events and functions will be closed throughout the country, it said.

Here are the latest developments:

Madhya Pradesh | 4.10 pm

No major impact of Bharat Bandh in Madhya Pradesh

The Bharat Bandh had no major impact in Madhya Pradesh on Monday as day-to-day and commercial activities went on as usual.

Eyewitnesses said road traffic was normal in the state capital Bhopal and commercial hub Indore.

However, talking to PTI, Rashtriya Kisan Mazdoor Mahasangh national president Shivkumar Kakkaji claimed, “The bandh called by farmers against the three laws and for demanding guaranteed MSP for crops has been successful.” He further claimed that the outfit had given relaxation from the shutdown to Bhopal as most of its residents are (private and government sector) employees and not farmers, but the protest was successful in the farming community-dominated small towns of Nimar region, Shahdol, Umaria, Raisen and Silwani. Kakkaji said he was sitting in the “control room” in Bhopal and was getting reports that the shutdown call was “successful”, and added that no untoward incident was reported from anywhere.

Peaceful protests were also seen in districts like Vidisha and Satna. — PTI

Indore, M.P. | 4.07 pm

Indore unaffected

The Rashtriya Kisan Mazdoor Mahasangh’s Indore unit president Rajkumar Patidar said they had planned to stage protests at the Agriculture Produce Market Committee (APMC) campuses and other places, but the district administration did not give them permission for it.

The RSS-affiliated Bharatiya Kisan Sangh (BKS) did not support the bandh.

Its Indore-Ujjain unit president Kamal Singh Aanjna said,”We want the issues related to farmers to be resolved through discussions with the government in a peaceful manner.” — PTI

Kerala | 3.00 pm

Strike almost complete in Kollam

The dawn-to-dusk strike called by Samyukta Kisan Morcha was almost complete in Kollam with nearly all business establishments remaining closed and vehicles keeping off the road. While some private vehicles, including those transporting patients, were seen, few KSRTC buses, taxi services and autorickshaws operated on Monday.

All shops, restaurants and other business outlets, including those functioning in interior regions, downed their shutters. Though stray incidents of protesters blocking the vehicles were reported, the strike was generally peaceful in the district. While vehicles and employees of the health department on duty were not affected, most offices registered very low attendance.

Trade unions from fishing, cashew and plantation sectors took out marches and conducted dharnas in different parts. — Navamy Sudhish

New Delhi | 2.55 pm

Farmers’ demands legitimate, Centre should consider them: Kejriwal

Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal requested the Centre to consider the demands of farmers protesting against the three farm laws, saying it will not be “bowing down” before anyone if it does so.

“We are celebrating the birth anniversary of Bhagat Singh. He made the supreme sacrifice for the freedom of the nation. He did not fight for freedom for a day when farmers have to sit on the streets and protest for a year to get their demands considered,” he said on the sidelines of an event to launch a tourism app for Delhi at the secretariat.

“The [central] government should consider their demands. Considering farmers’ demands will not be like bowing down in front of anyone as farmers are also people of our country,” Mr. Kejriwal said. — PTI

Arunachal Pradesh | 2.50 pm

Bharat bandh fails to evoke any response in Arunachal Pradesh

Bharat Bandh failed to evoke any response in Arunachal Pradesh, a senior police officer said in Itanagar.

All services, including public transport, banks and commercial establishments, were operating normally in the frontier State, he said.

There have been no protests and life remained normal in the state capital, Itanagar Capital Region (ICR) Superintendent of Police (SP) Jimmy Chiram said.

There was no impact of the bandh in other parts of the State as well, a senior government official said, adding, the State government has taken enough precautions to prevent any untoward incident during the day.

Government offices, private establishments, educational institutions remained open, while banks, post offices worked normally, the SP said. — PTI

Assam | 2.40 pm

Bharat Bandh fails to evoke response in Assam

Assam remained unaffected by the Bharat Bandh as public transport operated as usual, markets were open and offices registered usual attendance.

The Opposition Congress, which supported the bandh, did not organise any protest programme in the State.

In Guwahati, members of the SUCI (Communist) took out a protest rally in the morning, raising slogans against the three farm laws. They were detained by the police near the Ulubari point.

There were no reports of any other protest or demonstration from across the State.

Congress State president Bhupen Bora urged the people to come out on the streets in support of the bandh, but party workers were missing.

The Raijor Dal and Krishak Mukti Sangram Samiti (KMSS) also extended their support to the bandh. — PTI

Andhra Pradesh | 2.25 pm

YSR Congress, TDP’s support to bandh exposes their double standards: BJP MP

BJP MP G.V.L. Narasimha Rao tweeted on Monday that the support extended by YSR Congress (YSRC) and TDP to the Bharat bandh called in protest against the three farm laws, which they endorsed in the Parliament, exposed their double-standards.

He pointed out that the YSRCP and TDP backed the farm laws wherein a slew of reforms were envisaged to improve the lot of farmers. Now, they threw their weight behind the farmers’ unions agitating against the said laws, as part of their opportunistic political agenda, the MP observed. – V. Raghavendra

Jharkhand | 2:10 pm

Markets shut, roads blocked as Bharat Bandh affects life in Jharkhand

Vehicular movement was disrupted in several parts of Jharkhand on Monday as supporters of the Bharat Bandh blocked roads and highways.

Shops were shut in state capital Ranchi, while government offices and banks functioned as usual.

In Ramgarh district, protesters blocked the Ranch-Patna highway and Ramgarh-Bokaro highway for some time, disrupting traffic, Superintendent of Police Prabhat Kumar told PTI. – PTI

Goa | 2:05 pm

Bharat Bandh fails to evoke response in Goa

All services, including the public transport, banks, trains and commercial establishments, were operating normally in the coastal state, a senior police official said.

“There have been no protests. Life remained normal,” he said.

There was no impact of the bandh in the State, he said, adding that enough precautions were taken to prevent any untoward incident during the day. – PTI

Rajasthan | 1:50 pm

Farmers take out rallies, hold meetings in many districts of Rajasthan

Farmers took out rallies on the major roads and held meetings. The effect of the shutdown was visible in many districts of the state, including Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Bikaner, Sikar and Nagaur. Mandis and markets were partially closed in the cities and towns of these districts. The agitating farmers blocked the major roads and held meetings.

The bandh also affected train services in the border districts.

In Jaipur, farmers led by the Bharatiya Kisan Union (BKU) took out a rally on tractor-trolleys. – PTI

Uttar Pradesh | 1:30 pm

Farmers’ call for Bharat Bandh has full support of SP: Akhilesh

Expressing his support to Bharat Bandh, Samajwadi Party (SP) president Akhilesh Yadav on Monday said the ruling BJP, which is not giving respect to farmers, has lost the moral right to remain in power.

He also claimed that the farmers’ movement has started becoming a cause of disintegration within the BJP “Samyukta Kisan Morcha’s ‘Bharat Bandh’ has full support of the SP. The arrogant BJP, which is not giving respect to the ‘annadata’ [farmers] of the country, has lost the moral right to remain in power. The farmers’ movement has started becoming a cause of disintegration within the BJP,” the former Uttar Pradesh chief minister said in a tweet in Hindi with the hashtag #BJP_Khatam (BJP finished). – PTI

संयुक्त किसान मोर्चा के ‘भारत बंद’ को सपा का पूर्ण समर्थन है।

देश के अन्नदाता का मान न करनेवाली दंभी भाजपा सत्ता में बने रहने का नैतिक अधिकार खो चुकी है।

किसान आंदोलन भाजपा के अंदर टूटन का कारण बनने लगा है।#भाजपा_ख़त्म

— Akhilesh Yadav (@yadavakhilesh) September 27, 2021

Bihar | 1:22 pm

RJD, Cong workers block highways, rail in Bihar

Highways, roads and railway tracks were blocked in several places across Bihar on Monday as Bharat Bandh evoked a mixed response in the state.

RJD and Congress workers blocked roads in Patna, Bhojpur, Lakhisarai, Jahanabad, East Champaran, Begusarai, Madhepura and Nalanda districts, affecting the movement of the traffic.

In Patna, RJD workers blocked the road near Buddha Smriti Park, burning tyres in protest against the three farm laws. – PTI

Odisha | 1:00 pm

Markets shut, public transport off the roads in Odisha

Markets were shut and public transport stayed off the roads as the Bharat Bandh hit normal life in Odisha on Monday.

Supporters of the shutdown, including members of Congress and the Left parties, picketed at important junctions across the state amid rains, demanding repeal of the three farm laws.

Roads were blocked at different places in Bhubaneswar, Balasore, Rourkela, Sambalpur, Bargarh, Bolangir, Rayagada and Subarnapur, among others.

The protesters also blocked the railway lines at Bhubaneswar station, affecting train services in the State capital. PTI

West Bengal | 12:59 pm

Left activists block roads, rail in Bengal

Left activists blocked roads and railway tracks across West Bengal on Monday in support of the Bharat Bandh, while normal life remained largely unaffected in the state.

Markets and shops were opened as usual, while public transport operated almost normally, except for a few hitches.

Government and private offices registered usual attendance. Educational institutions are shut in state the due to the COVID-related restrictions. – PTI

Kerala | 12:55 pm

Hartal peaceful, total in Malappuram, Palakkad

All public transport vehicles, including autorickshaws, stayed off the road in most towns in Palakkad and Malappuram. However, private vehicles like cars and bikes were seen crisscrossing. The rains that lashed Malappuram and Palakkad after 10 a.m. forced people remain indoors.

When attendance in government offices was minimal or almost nil in both districts, educational institutions, business establishments and shops remained largely closed. However, some small grocery shops were open in village areas. – Abdul Latheef Naha

Private vehicles on roadin Kozhikode on the hartal day.   | Photo Credit: K. Ragesh

  Puducherry | 12:53 pm

AITUC members stage road roko in Puducherry

Members of the AITUC staging a road roko, Shops and establishments remained closed and Police personnel on patrol at the new bus stand, during the nation wide Bharat bandh called by Farmers organisations in Puducherry on Monday, September 27, 2021. – S.S. Kumar

  Tamil Nadu | 12:41 pm

Farmer bodies stage protests in Tamil Nadu

In solidarity with the nationwide strike demanding repeal of Centre’s farm laws, farmer bodies and Left parties on Monday staged protests in several parts of Tamil Nadu.

In a protest held here, State Secretaries of the CPI and CPI(M), R. Mutharasan and K. Balakrishnan respectively, Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi chief Thol. Thirumavalavan and functionaries of the ruling DMK affiliated Labour Progressive Federation participated.

They raised slogans demanding the Central government to repeal the three contentious farm laws and not privatise public sector enterprises. – PTI

Maharashtra | 12:35 pm

No impact in Mumbai; shops, transport operating as usual

Commercial establishments and local transport were operating as usual in Mumbai on Monday and the city police also did not deploy an extra security force at key junctions and roads in the wake of the Bharat Bandh called by farmer unions against the Centre’s three agri laws, officials said.

Congress workers, holding placards, assembled at some places like Andheri and Jogeshwari and shouted slogans against the farm bills, but other than that there was no impact of the bandh in the city so far. –PTI

Telangana | 12:30 pm

Bharat Bandh calls evokes mixed response in Telangana

TSRTC buses, cab services, auto-rickshaw and other transport services were plying on the road as usual. However, the movement of people was curtailed largely due to incessant downpour due to the Gulab cyclone in the Bay of Bengal. 

Despite calls given by various trade unions in the city and across the State, all commercial establishments and business houses were operating normally. Political parties and farmers unions who supported the bandh call were also not to be seen enforcing strict compliance with the call. Thanks to the inclement weather, the police also did not deploy much force anticipating a lacklustre turnout. However, several teams deployed around the Assembly in view of the ongoing monsoon session. “We anticipated there won’t be much response to the call in the State, so did not deploy forces,” a senior officer said. – Abhinay Deshpande

Kerala | 12:20 pm

Harthal near total in Thrissur

Various political parties and organisations taking out protest rallies and dharna in Thrissur on Monday in support of ongoing farmers agitation. – K.K.Najeeb

  Punjab | 12:05 pm

Farmers block highways at many places in Punjab

Farmers on Monday blocked highways and other roads at many places in Punjab, where the ruling Congress said it firmly stands by the farm unions’ call for Bharat Bandh against the Centre’s three agri laws.

In neighbouring Haryana too, there were reports of protesters blocking some highways, including in Sirsa, Fatehabad and Kurukshetra.

There were also reports of farmers squatting on rail tracks at a few places in the two states.

In Punjab, a complete shutdown was observed at several places, including Moga, where farmers blocked the Moga-Ferozepur and Moga-Ludhiana National Highways. – PTI

Members of Bhartya Kisan Union Ugrahan block the railway tracks during farmers’ Bharat Bandh strike, at Dhablaan village near Patiala, Monday, September 27, 2021.   | Photo Credit: PTI

Kerala | 12:00 pm

Normal life affected in Wayanad

Normal life in the district was affected by the dawn to dusk hartal  called by the Joint Committee of Trade Unions on Monday  in the state to express solidarity with the farmers on agitation against the agricultural reforms introduced by the BJP-led government at the Centre.

Attendance was very low in government offices and financial institutions. Only nine out of the 138 employees turned up for the duty at the Collectorate here, Additional District Magistrate, N.I. Shaju said.

While the KSRTC and private buses as well as taxis were stayed off the road , people were seen riding two wheelers , private vehicles.

The shops and business establishments were closed the district as the merchants associations have also expressed solidarity with the protest. – E.M. Manoj

  Andhra Pradesh | 11:57 am

Heavy rain in A.P. dampens ‘Bharat Bandh’

Heavy to very heavy rain since the wee hours of Monday dampened the ‘Bharat Bandh’ in Andhra Pradesh. Many non-NDA parties have extended support to the nationwide 10-hour strike on Monday called by farmers protesting against the three agri laws under the aegis of the Samyukt Kisan Morcha (SKM).

In AP, the YSR Congress government lent support to the bandh and suspended RTC bus services and declared holiday for schools on Monday.

The main opposition Telugu Desam also supported the bandh, along with the Congress and the Left parties. However, some places in the State did witness rallies supporting the bandh. Communist Party of India and CPI(M) cadres took out a rally on the streets of streets in front of closed shops in response to Bharat Bandh call on Monday, September 27, 2021. – PTI

Communist Party of India and CPI(M) cadres took out a rally on the streets of streets in front of closed shops in response to Bharat Bandh call on Monday, September 27, 2021   | Photo Credit: R.V.S. Prasad

  Delhi | 11:52 am

Parts of Delhi witness traffic snarls due to road closures, diversions

Parts of the national capital witnessed traffic snarls on Monday morning as police closed some key roads to prevent any untoward incident during the Bharat Bandh called by farm unions against the Centre’s three farm laws.

The Delhi Police has increased security checks at its border points which led to the slowing down of traffic and it informed commuters about road closures and traffic snarls on Twitter.

According to police, roads around the historic Red Fort as well as the dual carriageway at Ghazipur border were closed for traffic. – PTI

Kerala | 11:37 am

Hartal near total in Kochi

The dawn-to-dusk “bandh’ on Monday in support of the all-India lockdown under the aegis of the farmers’ collective against the Union govermnets’ farm laws, backed by various political parties, labour and trade unions, found its echo in Kerala with public transport coming to a standstill even as heavy rains lashed the district from early hours on Monday.

Schools and colleges are closed and no public transport vehicles are visible on highways. There are a few private vehicles on the roads, mostly two-wheelers. Hotels and business establishments are closed. The district has also seen about six to eight mms of rain per hour throughout the day on Monday, causing a big barrier to movement of people and vehicles.

Kerala State Transport Corporation schedules have been cancelled in the district. Sources in KSRTC Aluva depot, one of the busiest in the state, said none of the 37 schedules operated on Monday on account of the lockdown. – K.A. Martin

Kerala | 11:34 am

Hartal near total in Kottayam and Pathanamathitta

The nation-wide general strike called by the Samyukt Kisan Morcha has brought normal life to a halt in both Kotttayam and Pathanamathitta districts.

The public transport system has come to a complete standstill since the morning while the shops, commercial institutions and government offices too remain closed. The Mahatma Gandhi university, Kottayam, has postponed all examinations scheduled for the day.

Meanwhile, a few private vehicles could be spotted on the road. The long-haul services run by the Kerala State Road Transport corporation wound up operation by Sunday midnight. Braving the heavy rains that has lashed the region since Sunday midnight, members of various trade unions took out processions in support of the strike. – U. Hiran

Andhra Pradesh | 11:26 am

Cadres of Left parties stage protests braving rain in Telangana

Braving intermittent rain, scores of activists of the Left and other Opposition parties came out on the streets in Khammam and elsewhere in the district this morning in support of Bharat Bandh, buttressing farmers’ demand for scrapping of the Centre’s three farm laws.

Members of a host of unions and mass organisations representing farmers, labourers and people from various walks of life joined the protest organised by the Left parties in front of the new bus stand in the district headquarters town on Monday morning. Senior leaders of the CPI (M), the Congress, the CPI and the CPI (ML-New Democracy), the Telangana Rythu Sangham, the CITU, the DYFI, the PYL and a clutch of other mass organisations led the protest demonstrations in the town. – P.Sridhar

  Left parties stage protests in front of a bus stand during the Bharat Bandh.   | Photo Credit: G.N. Rao

  Kerala | 11:20 am

Hartal near-total in Thiruvananthapuram

The dawn-to-dusk hartal backed by Left Democratic Front (LDF) and United Democratic Front (UDF) has been near-total in Thiruvananthapuram during the early hours of September 27.

The hartal that was announced in response to a call for a nationwide bandh by Samyukt Kisan Morcha has remained peaceful with no untoward incident being reported from any part of the district thus far.

While public transport vehicles remained off the roads, few taxis, auto-rickshaws and private vehicles could be seen in various parts of the capital city. There have been no reports of their movement being obstructed by hartal supporters. Commercial establishments have remained closed. – Sarath Babu George

  Delhi | 11:17 am

Auto, taxis operate normally in Delhi; shops open

Autorickshaws and taxis plied normally and shops were open in the national capital on Monday, with their unions and associations extending only “in-principle support” to the Bharat Bandh called by farmers but deciding not to join the strike.

The auto, taxi unions and traders bodies said their livelihood has already been hit hard due to the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown so they were not joining any strike. – PTI

Karnataka | 11:15 am

No Bharat Bandh in Dakshina Kannada and Udupi

There was no response to the Bharat Bandh in the coastal Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts on Monday.

Normal life was as usual with the public transport system operating as usual. The government and private offices, educational institutions and all commercial establishments remained opened.

Meanwhile, Raita, Dalita, Karmika Janapara Chaluvaligala Okkuta has said that it will block the National Highway 75 (Bengaluru-Mangaluru highway) at B C Road for some time in the noon. – K. Raviprasad

  Karnataka | 11:13 am

Members of farmers associations and Congress workers held protests in Belgavi

Response to the Bharat Bundh called by farmers organisations was lukewarm in Belagavi district. However, members of farmers associations and Congress workers held protests in several places.

Most government and private offices and shops and eateries were open in the morning. NWKRTC buses and private vehicles were running as usual. Schools and colleges remained open. Similar scenes were witnessed in Chikkodi, Gokak, Saundatti, Athani and other towns.

Farmers tried to stop buses from leaving the NWKRTC bus stand in Belagavi in the morning. This delayed departure of some buses. However, police dispersed them after some time. – Rishikesh Bahadur Desai

Delhi | 11:10 am

Operations of trains under Northern Railways impacted

Operations of atleast 25 trains under Northern Railways impacted till now. “More than 20 locations are being blocked in Delhi, Ambala and Firozpur divisions. About 25 trains affected,” Northern Railways said. – Yuthika Bhargava

Kerala | 10:48 am

LDF and UDF extend support to Bharat Bandh

The hartal  called by trade union affiliated to LDF & UDF – led LDF and the opposition Congress – led UDF to extend support to the nationwide Bharat Bandh of protesting farmers has paralysed regular life in Kozhikode district .

Government and private offices, shops and commercial establishments , banks are remaining closed. Medical stores and milk booths are functioning.

Buses and autorickshaws are off the road. Only a few private vehicles especially two wheelers  could be seen on city roads and on national highway.

The hartal which is being observed from  6 a.m. will end at 6 p.m. – Biju Govind

Karnataka | 10:43 am

Bharat Bandh has little impact in Bengaluru

Bharat Bandh call given by Samyukta Kisan Morcha, seems to have had little impact on normal life in Bengaluru.

All businesses were open and public transport services, including autorickshaws and cabs, are functioning as usual. Most traders’ bodies and transport associations announced moral support to the bandh call, but refused to close businesses citing losses they have already incurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Farmers and Kannada organisations have begun rallies from multiple points around Bengaluru – K.R. Puram, Mysuru Road, Maurya Circle – and are all set to converge at Town Hall by 11 a.m. from where they will proceed to a protest rally at Freedom Park. Police have detained farmer leaders and protestors at different points in Bengaluru, drawing the ire of farmers. – K.V. Aditya Bharadwaj

Various organisation lend support to Bharat Bandh at Town Hall in Bengaluru, September 27, 2021   | Photo Credit: K. Murali Kumar

  Karnataka | 10:37 am

More support for Bharat Bandh from Dharwad, Hubballi

The call for Bharat Bandh opposing and seeking repeal of farm laws has received support from various organisations in Dharwad and Hubballi. These have voluntarily come forward to extend support to the Samyukta Kisan Morcha, which is leading farmers’ agitation at New Delhi borders for over nine months now.

Addressing presspersons in Dharwad on Saturday, S.R. Hiremath, convenor, Samyukta Horata, Karnataka, a group of various organisations, said that farmers, businessmen, the general public and youth had extended their voluntary support.

Delhi | 10:34 am

Delhi Police tightens security at border points

The Delhi Police has beefed up security in border areas of the national capital in view of the Bharat Bandh called by farmer unions against the Centre’s three agri laws on Monday. A senior police officer said adequate security arrangements have been made to maintain the law an order situation and prevent any untoward incident in the national capital during the bandh.

Patrolling has been intensified, extra personnel have been deployed at the pickets especially across the border areas and every vehicle entering the national capital is being thoroughly checked, according to the police. – PTI

  ‘Bharat bandh’ today will be historic, says Bharatiya Kisan Union

The Bharatiya Kisan Union (BKU) has described the increase in purchase price of sugarcane by the Uttar Pradesh government as a “cruel joke” and said Monday’s ‘Bharat bandh’ would be “historic”. “Yet another promise of the BJP government proved to be just a ‘jumla’,” said BKU national spokesperson Rakesh Tikait.

Describing the ₹25 per quintal hike as a strike “on the interests of farmers”, Mr. Tikait said farmers of western Uttar Pradesh would participate in the bandh called by Samyukta Kisan Morcha with renewed vigour and it would be a “historic” event.

New Delhi | 10:27 am

Rahul Gandhi voices support for farmers, slams govt as ‘exploitative’

Expressing support for protesting farmers, Congress leader Rahul Gandhi on Monday said the farmers’ non-violent ‘satyagraha’ is still resolute but the “exploitative” government does not like this and that is why a ‘Bharat Bandh’ has been called.

The Congress has asked its workers, state unit chiefs and heads of frontal organisations to take part in the ‘Bharat Bandh’ called by farmer unions to protest against the Centre’s three agri laws.

Posting rhyming lines in Hindi on Twitter, Mr. Gandhi said, “Kisano ka ahimsak satyagraha aaj bhi akhand hai, lekin shoshankar sarkar ko ye nahi pasand hai, isliye aaj Bharat Bandh hai (Farmers’ non-violent satyagraha is resolute even today, but the exploitative government does not like this and that’s why it is Bharat Bandh today).” – PTI

. Source link

[abhipedia]

Introduction :- Land reform, a purposive change in the way in which agricultural land is held or owned, the methods of cultivation that are employed, or the relation of agriculture to the rest of the economy. Reforms such as these may be proclaimed by a government, by interested groups, or by revolution.Historically, land reform meant reform of the tenure system or redistribution of the land ownership rights. In recent decades the concept has been broadened in recognition of the strategic role of land and agriculture in development. Land reform has therefore become synonymous with agrarian reform or a rapid improvement of the agrarian structure, which comprises the land tenure system, the pattern of cultivation and farm organization, the scale of farm operation, the terms of tenancy, and the institutions of rural credit, marketing, and education.

land reforms upsc

[pegasusindiaspy]

Pegasus India List

Pegasus Project : Names Revealed

Amnesty International worked to analyze the phones of 10 Indians. Each phone showed signs of either attempted hacking or successful compromise.

The presence of a number within the database does NOT necessarily indicate that the target's device was successful. Without evidence from forensic analysis, it's impossible to tell if there were successful hacks or attempts. The list's names have been distinguished. Potential targets are those whose numbers appear on the list but whose devices have not been forensically analysed by Amnesty. If the phones of potential targets show evidence of successful hacking attempts, then they are classified as such.

161 names were revealed that were potential targets or targets for surveillance by clients at the NSO Group. The data was distributed over multiple stories. They are all listed below. This list does not include names that were disclosed by Pegasus project partners. Lets see Pegasus India List.

Journalists

At least 40 journalists that were either surveillance targets or targets. Seven journalists had their phones examined by an investigator. Five showed evidence of Pegasus infection.

1. M.K. Venu Founding editor. The phone of the victim was also forensically examined and Pegasus-related traces were discovered.

2. Sushant Singh:A former journalist for Indian Express, who now writes about national security. Amnesty came to the conclusion that his phone was compromised following a forensic investigation.

3. Siddharth Varadarajan: Founding editor The phone was then forensically analysed. Pegasus had compromised the phone, according to the analysis.

4. Paranjoy Guha Thakurta:FormerEPWNow, editorNewsclick. Pegasus compromised his phone and forensic analysis revealed that.

5. S.N.M. Abdi:FormerOutlookAccording to forensic analysis, journalist whose phone was stolen.

6. Vijaita Singh: The HinduReporter who covers the ministry of home. Her phone was examined by an investigator. However, there was no evidence that a hacker attempted to access it.

7. Smita SharmaFormer TV18 anchor. Although evidence was found of a attempted hack, it did not indicate that the phone had been infected.

8. Shishir Gupta: Executive editor atHindustan Times

9. Rohini Singh:Freelance journalist, who has written numerous exposes. About controversial business dealings by politicians or their families.

10. Devirupa Mitra: Editor in chief of the diplomatic section.

11. Prashant Jha:Views editorHindustan TimesPreviously, he was the chief of the Bureau.

12. Prem Shankar Jiha:A veteran journalist who was in editorial positions at Hindustan Times TheTimes of India He is also a regular contributor to several newspapers.

13. Swati Chakravedi She wrote a book that focuses on the infamous BJP IT Cell.

14. Rahul Singh:Defence correspondentHindustan Times.

15. Aurangzeb NaqshbandiAn ex-political reporter who worked previously forHindustan TimesIncluding coverage of the Congress party.

16. Ritika ChopraA journalist for theIndian ExpressWho covers education and Election Commission beats.

17. Muzamil JaleelAnotherIndian ExpressKashmiri journalist

18. Sandeep Unnithan India TodayJournalist who covers defence and Indian military.

19. Manoj Gopta:TV18 Security and investigations editor

20. J. Gopikrishnan:Investigative reporterThe PioneerHe also broke the 2G telecom fraud.

21. Saikat Datta:Formerly, I was a national-security reporter.

22. Ifthikar Gilani:FormerDNAReporter covering Kashmir.

23. Manoranjan Gupta:Frontier TV's Northeast editor in Chief

24. Sanjay Shyam:Bihar-based journalist.

25. Jaspal Singh Sheran:A Ludhiana-based Punjabi newspaper editor-in chief, this octogenarian is also the editor-in–chiefRozana Pehredar.

26. Roopesh Kumar Singh:A freelancer based in Jharkhand’s Ramgarh.

27. Deepak GidwaniFormer correspondentDNALucknow.

28. Sumir KaulPTI News Agency: A journalist

29.Shabir Hussain:Kashmiri-based political commentator, based in Delhi.

Politicians, political figures, and anyone associated with them

1. Rahul Gandhi:The Congress party leader, who was presumed to have been the prime ministerial nominee for the two previous general elections.

2. Alankar SawaiRahul Gandhi was a close friend.

3. Sachin RaoRahul Gandhi has another aide who is a member on the Congress Working Committee.

4. Prashant Kishor:An election strategist who worked for multiple political parties, including Congress and the BJP. His phone was forensically examined and indicated signs of a successful hack.

5. Abhishek Banerjee:Trinamool Congress MP and nephew to Mamata Banerjee, West Bengal chief minister.

6. Ashwini Vaishnaw:Former IAS officer made Union cabinet minister in recent expansion.

7. Prahlad Singh Patel:Another cabinet minister in Union government. His wife, secretaries and assistants. Cook, gardener, etc.

8. Pravin Togadia:Former head, Vishwa India Parishad.

9. Pradeep AwasthiVasundhara Raje Skindia was the former chief minister in Rajasthan.

10. Sanjay Kachroo:Smriti Iraniani, the then minister of human resources development, chose a corporate executive to be her officer on special duty in 2014. She was never officially appointed. His father and minor son are also listed.

11. G. ParameshwaraDeputy chief Minister in the JD(S) - Congress coalition government in Karnataka. It was toppled following several MLAs defecting to the BJP.

12: SatishPersonal secretary to H.D. Kumaraswamy, the chief minister in Karnataka.

13. VenkateshPersonal secretary to Siddaramaiah who was the Congress chief Minister of Karnataka during Kumaraswamy.

14. Manjunath Muddegowda:H.D. Devegowda. They are also part of Pegasus India List.

Constitutional authority

1. Ashok LavasaHe was a career bureaucrat but was also a target of surveillance as an election commissioner.

Academicians, lawyers, and activists

1. Hany Babu M.T. :An accused at Delhi University in the Elgar Parishad case is a professor

2. Rona WilsonAn activist for prisoners' rights who is also an accused in the Elgar Parishad trial.

3. Vernon Gonsalves:An activist for human rights. Elgar Parishad: He is also charged.

4. Anand TeltumbdeElgar Parishad: Academic and civil rights activist.

5. Shoma Sen:Retired professor, and one of the suspects in the Elgar Parishad trial.

6. Gautam Navrakha:Journalist and rights activist, Elgar Parishad is his case.

7. Arun FerreiraOne of the Elgar Parishad lawyers.

8. Sudha Bhardwaj:Activist, lawyer, and accused in Elgar Parishad case

9. Pavana:Varavara Rao is the daughter of a Telugu poet. She is charged in the Elgar Parishad trial.

10. Minal GadlingSurendra Gadling's spouse is being charged in the Elgar Parishad trial.

11. Nihalsing Rathod:Surendra Gadling's associate and lawyer.

12. Jagadish Mehram:Surendra Gadling has another lawyer.

13. Maruti Kurwatkar:He was charged in several cases under Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act. Surendra Gadling represented him.

14. Shalini Gera:Sudha Bharadwaj has been represented by an attorney.

15. Ankit GrewalSudha Bharadwaj is a close associate in law.

16. Jaison Cooper:Anand Teltumbde's friend, a Kerala-based rights activist.

17. Rupali Jadhav:Kabir Kala Manch, a member of the cultural troupe.

18. Lalsu Nagoti:Mahesh Raut is close to a lawyer, and he is being accused in the Elgar Parishad matter.

19. Soni Sori:Bastar-based tribal rights activist.

20 Lingaram Kodopi:Soni Sori's nephew, a journalist.

21. Degree Prasad ChouhanA Chhattisgarh state president for the People's Union for Civil Liberties.

22. Rakesh Ranjan:A Sri Ram College of Commerce assistant professor

23. Ashok BhartiChairman of All India Ambedkar Mahasabha (an umbrella organization of Dalit rights' groups).

24. Umar KhalidJawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), former student. During the notorious JNU sloganeering trial, he was first arrested for sedition. He is currently being held in prison, and is awaiting trial for the Delhi riots conspiracy case.

25. Anirban Battacharya:Khalid, a former JNU student was also taken into custody on suspicion of sedition.

26. Banjyotsna Lahiri:You can also be a JNU student.

27. Bela BhatiaChhattisgarh's lawyer and human rights activist.

28. Shiv Gopal MaishraA leader of the railway union.

29. Anjani Kumar:Delhi-based labour rights activist.

30. Alok ShuklaA prominent anti-coal mining activist who was also the convenor of Chhattisgarh Bachao Andolan.

31. Saroj GiriA Delhi University professor.

32 Shubhranshu Choudhary:Bastar-based peace activist.

33. Sandeep Kumar Rai:Former BBC journalist and trade union activist.

34 Khalid Khan:Sandeep Kumar Rai's friend.

35 Ipsa ShatakshiA Jharkhand-based activist.

37. S.A.R. GeelaniProfessor at Delhi University who was later convicted in the Parliament Bombing Case. His phone was forensically analyzed and showed signs that it had been infected by Pegasus.

38. G. HaragopalHe was a retired professor at the University of Hyderabad. He was also chairman of the Saibaba Defence Committee. Three of his smartphones were forensically examined, and the results were non-conclusive.

39. Vasantha Kumari:G.N., an ex-university professor from Delhi, was married to G.N. Saibaba was convicted in connection with a banned Maoist group.

40 Jagdeep Chhokar:Co-founder of Association for Democratic Reforms.

Civilians : Pegasus India List

1. A former Supreme Court staffer:The woman had accused Ranjan Gogoi (then chief justice of India) of sexual harassment. Her family members were also possible targets.

Figures taken from the Northeast

1. Samujjal Bhattacharjee:Assistant to the All Assam Students Union. Also member of the high-level advisory committee for the Assam Accord.

2. Anup Chetia:The leader of the United Liberation Front of Assam.

3. Malem NingthoujaManipuri writer based in Delhi.

Naga leaders

1. Atem VashumAn assumed successor to Th. Muivah, the leader of the National Socialist Council of Nagalim. Muivah.

2. Apam Muivah:Th. is another NSCN (I-M), leader. Muivah is Muivah’s newphew.

3. Anthony Shimray:The commander-in-chief of the Naga Army of NSCN. (I-M).

4. Phunting ShimrangFormer commander-in-chief of the NSCN's Naga Army (I-M).

5. Kitovi Zhimomi:Convenor, Naga National Policy Groups (NNPGs). Narendra Modi was in talks with the groups to find a 'one solution to the Naga question'.

Scientists or others in the health sector

1. Gagandeep Kang:One of India’s top virologists was involved in fighting the Nipah disease.

2. Hari Menon:The Indian head for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

CBI officers, and those who are related to them

1. Alok Verma:Verma, who was the former chief of Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), was added to the list shortly after Modi was removed from office. It would be possible to add the personal phone numbers of his wife and daughter as well as his son-in-law to the list. This would make it 8 numbers total from this family.

2. Rakesh Athana:Verma was also added to the list at the same time Asthana, a former senior CBI officer. He is close to Modi and currently leads the BSF.

3. A.K. SharmaAn additional CBI official of high rank was added to this list along with Asthana, Verma, and Verma.

Businesspersons

1. Anil AmbaniReliance ADAG chairman. Anil Ambani used the phone number in 2018. This was after controversy over Rafale had intensified.

2. Tony JesudasanADAG is the corporate communications chief. Ambani also added his number. Jesudasan’s wife also has a number.

3. Venkata Rao Posina:India representative of Dassault Aviation.

4. Inderjit Sial:Ex-head of Saab India.

5. Pratyush Kumar:Boeing India boss.

6. Harmanjit Nagi:EDF is the head of the French energy firm.

India's Tibetan activists, officials and clerics

1. Tempa Tsering:Long-term Envoy for Dalai Lama in New Delhi

2. Tenzin Taklha:Senior aide of Dalai Lama.

3. Chimmey Rigzen:Senior aide to Dalai Lama.

4. Lobsang Sangay:Former head of exile Tibetan government.

Figures from Kashmir

1. Bilal Lone:An independent leader and brother to Sajad Loone, Peoples Conference leader. His phone was forensically analyzed. The forensic analysis of his phone revealed Pegasus spyware, even though it is different from the one he used to be targeted in the leaked database.

2. Tariq Bukhari:Altaf Bukhari is the brother of Apni Party leader. He is a businessman, and political leader. In April 2019, he was questioned by NIA for a 'terror financing' case.

3. Syed Naseem GeelaniSyed Ali Shah Geelani, a prominent separatist leader, is a scientist.

4. Mirwaiz Umar Farooq:Separatist leader, head of Hurriyat Conference. He is also chief cleric at Jama Masjid.

5. Waqar BhattiProminent human right activist.

6. Zaffar Akbar Bhat:Influential Shia cleric, associated with Hurriyat and prominent separatist leader.

Figures of national security : Pegasus India List

1. K.K. SharmaWhen he was identified as a possible target of surveillance, he was the head the Border Security Force (BSF).

2. Jagdish Mathani:BSF inspector General who was integral in the Union home ministry’s comprehensive integrated border management (CIBMS), smart fencing project.

3. Jitendra Kumar Ojha:A senior official in the Research and Analysis Wing. He was made a target of surveillance in the wake of his January 2018 retirement.

4. Colonel Mukul dev:An army officer who refused to accept the government's request that rations be cut for officers posted in peace-areas.

5. Colonel Amit Kumar:Another army officer, who petitioned the Supreme Court in support of 356 Army personnel for relief from what they had discovered was an imminent dilution under the Armed Forces Special Forces Act (AFSPA), filed a Petition.

Bureaucrats and officials of investigating agencies

1. Rajeshwar Singh:His agency had several high-profile, high-profile investigations led by a senior enforcement directorate officer. Potential targets for surveillance included his wife and both of their sisters.

2. Abha Singh:Rajeshwar Singh's brother is a Mumbai-based lawyer. Although her mobile phone was forensically analyzed, the results were not conclusive.

3. V.K. JainA former officer in the Indian Administrative Service, who was a personal assistant of Arvind Kejriwal, chief minister of Delhi.

Official Bihar cricket

1. Rakesh Tiwary:The current chief of Bihar Cricket Association.

PSU bureaucrats, lobbyists and businesspeople

1. NareshGoyal:Jet Airways ex-boss who ran into legal problems.

2. Ajay Sing:SpiceJet managing director and chairman

3. Prashant Ruia:Director of Essar Group.

4. Vikramkothari:Associated with Rotomac Pens - a group that was investigated as a suspect in loan fraud.

5. Rahul Kothari:Vikram Kothari is Vikram's son.

6. C. SivasankaranAircel maverick entrepreneur and former promoter, who was also under surveillance.

7. B.C. TripathiFormer head of GAIL India state-run GAIL India. As non-executive chairman, he joined Essar January 2020.

8. V. Balasubramanian:Reliance Industries' long-time lobbyist.

9. A.N. Sethuraman: A lobbyist associated the Reliance AD Group.

Tamil politicians and activists

1. SeemanLeader of the Naam Thaamizhar Katchi, this man is vocal in support of Sri Lankan Tamils.

2: Thirumurugan Gandhi:The founder of the May 17, which fights for Sri Lankan Tamils' rights, He was also a supporter of the anti-Sterlite protests, and other civil rights movements.

3. K. RamakrishnanAn activist with decades of expertise. He was with Dravidar Kazhagam but later left to create the Thanthai Periyar Dravidar Kazhagam.

4. Kumaresan:Periyar founded the Dravidar Kamhagam as its treasurer.

Supreme Court Judges, Officials and Lawyers

1. N.K. Gandhi:Former Supreme Court registrar, who worked in the crucial "writ" section.

2. T.I. RajputAnother Supreme Court Register.

3. Justice Arun MishraRetired Supreme Court Judge who is now the head of National Human Rights Commission (NHRC). The potential target of surveillance was a number that had been registered in the name and address of the judge. Sources at the BSNL said that there were no sources. Justice Mishra had the number registered from September 18, 2010 to September 19, 2018. The judge stated that he had given it up on April 21, 2014.

4. Vijay Agarwal: Counsel for fugitive diamantaire Nirav Modi. After signing on as Modi’s lawyer, he was chosen as a target of surveillance. His wife's number was also a potential target.

5. Aljo P. Joseph:Lawyer representing Christian Michel in the Agusta Westland fraud. Amnesty's tech group says that preliminary indications point to Pegasus targeting his iPhone data.

6. M. Thangathurai:A junior lawyer working for Mukul Rohatgi, the former attorney general. He stated that his telephone number is listed under the name of his boss in many places, such as the bank, so that the senior advocate doesn't get disturbed by "routine".

The world's leaders

1. Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador:While he is currently the president of Mexico, he was also targeted before his election in 2018 His aides also were targeted.

2. Emmanuel MacronFrance's president.

3. Imran Khan:The prime minister, Pakistan.

4. Mostafa Madbouly:The prime minister in Egypt.

5. Saad-Eddine El Othmani:The prime minister of Morocco.

6. Barham Salih:The president of Iraq.

7. Cyril RamaphosaThe president of South Africa.

8. Mohammed VI:Morocco's King.

9. Saad Hariri:Former prime Minister of Lebanon.

10: Ruhakana Rugunda:Former prime Minister of Uganda.

11. Noureddine Beoui:Former prime Minister of Algeria.

12. Charles Michel:The current president of European Council is a former prime minister of Belgium.

13. Panah Huseynov:Former prime minister, Azerbaijan.

14. Felipe Calderon:Former Mexican president

Jamal Khashoggi-related people

Jamal Khashoggi was a Saudi dissident and wrote for the Washington Post. Assassins sent by the Saudi government allegedly murdered him at the Saudi embassy. His associates or the investigation into their deaths were all targets or potential targets of surveillance.

1. Hatice CengizTurkish doctorate student engaged to Jamal Khashoggi Her phone was forensically analyzed.

2. Hanan Elatr:Khashoggi was the man she married. Her phone was also forensically examined.

3. Wadah Khanfar:The former director-general ofAl JazeeraTelevision network. His phone was forensically examined.

4. Turan Kislakci:Cengiz was introduced by a Turkish journalist.

5. Irfan FidanChief Turkish prosecutor responsible for investigations into Khashoggi’s murder.

Dubai rulers are individuals who are connected

1. Sheikha Latifa:A member the Dubai royal family, and the daughter of Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum (the UAE's prime minister). She attempted to flee from her father's care but was captured by Indian forces in Goa and brought back to Dubai.

2. Haya bint Hussein:Estranged spouse of Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum

3. David Haigh:British activist and lawyer who participated in the campaign for Sheikha Latifa's release. Pegasus was confirmed by forensic analysis of his phone.

It was the Pegasus India List and will be updating it when we have new information.

[townpostin]

Teachers' Association Elects New Leadership in Jamshedpur

JSSTA’s East Singhbhum unit forms new executive body at district convention Key Points: • East Singhbhum JSSTA holds district convention, restructures executive body • MLA Saryu Rai emphasizes importance of quality education at the event • New committee aims to strengthen teachers’ rights and educational reform JAMSHEDPUR – The local teachers’ association has elected new leadership, signaling a…

[marwahstudios]

Meet ‘Top 50 Newsmaker Indians in 2020’ surveyed by Fame India & Asia Post Survey

New Delhi: India is considered as a land full of opportunities. Like most other democracies, this country too is very politically and economically charged. Everyone appears to have a view on how the nation should run. People here have created benchmarks of social service. Their efforts demanded us to prepare a list of newsmaker Indians that created ripples of impact. Hence, Fame India & Asia Post together came up with the list of ‘Top 50 Newsmaker Indians in 2020’.

This list is a survey of such famous countrymen, who created change through their efforts in the lives of people. There are hundreds of people who, from their own places, are working towards strengthening the nation. All these people have tried to change, develop and strengthen the possibilities in people’s lives with their excellent works and efforts.

The list includes people from all walks of life who are politicians, bureaucrats, film stars, journalists, artists, educationists, industrialists and spiritual leaders. Those who are involved in the public sphere, who are trying to make people’s lives simpler and more capable, those who are creating a benchmark of social work.

Fame India &  Asia Post has tried to compile the list of these newsmakers together that will motivate more Indians to work harder for a brighter and better India. At the release of the list, editorial director of the Magazine Fame India, US Sonthalia said “These are those inspirational Indians who have tirelessly worked towards the betterment of common people. This positive initiative of Fame India, along with selecting them, makes other empowered people like them realize that they should move strongly on their duty path”.

Here is the list of ‘Top 50 Newsmakers in 2020’ by Fame India & Asia Post  Survey:

Sandeep Marwah – Educationist, Philanthropist, International Media Person, Social Reformer (Chairman – AAFT), Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan – Chairman – National Education Policy Committee, K Parasaran – Law Advocate – Shri Ramlala Virajman, Gen. Manoj Mukund Narwane – Chief of Army Staff, MS Swaminathan – Agricultural Scientist, Manoj Modi – Famous Corporate & Industrial Strategist, Director –  Reliance Group, Gupteshwar Pandey (IPS) – DGP, Bihar, Indian Police Services

Manan Mishra – Chairman –  Bar Council of India, Dr Pratap Chandra Reddy – Health, Chairman –  Apollo Hospital, Harish Salve – Senior Advocate – Supreme Court, Muthayya Vanitha – Scientist, Project Director –  Chandrayaan Mission, Dr Devi Prasad Shetty – Founder –  Narayan Hospital, BL Santhosh – Politics, National General Secretary –  BJP, Girish Chandra Murmu – CAG

Sanjay Kothari – Commissioner –  Central Vigilance Commission Shashikant Das – Governor – RBI, Rakesh Jhunjhunwala – Investment Banker, known for share market predictions, Jagdeep Dhankhar – Governor, West Bengal, Champat Rai – Social worker, General Secretary, Shri Ram Janma Bhoomi Teerth Kshetra Trust, Ayodhya, Sourav Ganguly – BCCI Chief, Swami Awadheshanand Giri – Spiritual Guru, President – Juna Akhada, Madhu Pandit Dasa – Samaj Reformer, President – Akshaya Patra Foundation, Sant Balbir Singh Seechewal – Social Reformer, Environmental hero, Punjab

Jyotiraditya Scindia – MP – Rajya Sabh, Prof Dr Jagat Ram – Director – PGI Chandigarh, Prashant Kishore – Political Strategist, Founder – I-PAC, Dr Kishore Singh – HOD – Oncology, LNJP Hospital, Delhi, Dr Shiv Kumar Sarin – Director –  ILBS, Delhi, Ravi Kalra – Social Reformer, Founder – Earth Saviors Foundation, Sambhaji Bhide – Social Reformer, Founder – Shri Shivpratisthan Hindusthan, Maharashtra, Dr MV Padma Srivastava – HOD –  Neurology Department, AIIMS, Delhi, Dr Prakash Baba Amte – Social Reformer, Tribal Welfare – Maharashtra, Dr Uma Kumar – Head – Rheumatology Department, AIIMS, Delhi.

Ela Ramesh Bhatt – Social Reformer, Founder- Seva  Foundation, Rajendra Singh – Social Reformer, Famous Environmentalist, MA Yusuf Ali – Businessman and philanthropist, Chairman Lulu Group International, Dubai, Ashok Bhagat – Social Reformer, Tribal Welfare, Secretary, Vikas Bharti, Jharkhand, Ajit Mohan – Youth Icon, Managing Director –  Facebook India, Dr C. Rajkumar – Dynamic Educationist, Vice-Chancellor – OP Jindal Global University, Sunitha Krishnan – Social Reformer, Co-founder – Prajjavala

Ashish Dhawan – Entrepreneur, Educationist, Philanthropist, Chairman Trustee –  Ashoka University, Manish Maheshwari – Youth Icon, Managing Director-  Twitter India, Sonu Sood – Film Actor, social worker, Philanthropist, Abhinandan Sharma –  Wing Commander – Indian Air Force, Mahesh Savani – Industrialist & philanthropist, Chairman – Savani Group, Mukesh Patel – Industrialist & Social Service, Director-  Hindwa Group, Sharma – Journalism, News Director – TV9 Bharatvarsha, Pratap Chand Agrawal – Educationist, philanthropist, Sanjay Bihari – Social Reformer, Founder, Samarth Bihar, Manish Mundra – film producer, philanthropist

[latestlawslatestlaws]

The Latest Laws in India: A Guide to State-Specific Regulations and Family Law

India’s legal system is vast and intricate, reflecting the country's diverse cultural, social, and economic landscape. Understanding the latest laws in India is essential for anyone involved in the legal field, whether a practicing lawyer, a law student, or a concerned citizen. This blog provides an overview of recent legal updates, focusing on key areas such as family law and state-specific regulations in Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan.

Latest Laws in India: Adapting to Changing Times

The legal framework in India evolves continuously to adapt to new societal challenges and global standards. Recent updates include laws on data protection, environmental conservation, and workplace rights, among others. Staying updated with these changes is crucial for legal professionals, businesses, and individuals to ensure compliance and make informed decisions. Keeping track of the latest laws in India can also help one understand the direction in which the country is moving in terms of governance, human rights, and economic development.

Family Law Bare Act: Understanding Key Provisions

The Family Law Bare Act is a critical resource for understanding the legal aspects of family relationships in India. It encompasses a wide range of laws that govern marriage, divorce, child custody, adoption, and inheritance. Recent amendments have brought significant changes, such as those promoting gender equality in property rights and ensuring the welfare of children in custody disputes. For anyone studying or practicing family law, understanding the Bare Act's provisions is fundamental to providing effective legal advice and representation.

State-Specific Laws: Diverse Regulations Across India

India's states have the authority to enact laws specific to their regional requirements, leading to a diverse legal landscape. Let’s explore the distinct legal frameworks of several states to understand how local laws function within the broader national context.

Bihar State Laws: Balancing Tradition and Modernity

Bihar State Laws address a variety of local concerns, including land reforms, education, and public safety. These laws reflect the state's efforts to balance tradition with modern governance needs. Recent legal developments in Bihar have focused on enhancing transparency in land records, promoting women’s rights, and strengthening public health regulations.

Chhattisgarh State Laws: Protecting Tribal Rights and Resources

Chhattisgarh State Laws are designed to protect the rights of the state's tribal communities and manage its rich natural resources. Laws related to land acquisition, forest management, and tribal welfare are key areas of focus. Recent legal amendments aim to safeguard indigenous rights while promoting sustainable development in the region.

Delhi Local Laws: Managing the National Capital

Delhi Local Laws are tailored to address the unique administrative and governance needs of the National Capital Territory. These laws cover diverse areas such as property management, environmental regulations, public safety, and municipal governance. Recent updates include stricter pollution control measures, revised property tax rules, and enhanced regulations for public safety in high-density areas.

Jharkhand State Laws: Fostering Growth and Social Justice

Jharkhand State Laws focus on social justice, land rights, and industrial development. The state has recently updated its legal framework to promote industrial growth while ensuring the protection of tribal land rights. These laws aim to balance economic development with the preservation of local culture and resources.

Madhya Pradesh State Laws: Promoting Welfare and Development

Madhya Pradesh State Laws encompass a broad range of subjects, including public welfare, health, education, and infrastructure development. The state has recently introduced new laws to enhance women’s safety, regulate urban development, and promote green energy initiatives. Understanding these laws is crucial for those engaged in public policy, urban planning, or social work in Madhya Pradesh.

Maharashtra State Laws: Addressing Urban and Rural Needs

Maharashtra State Laws are diverse, addressing both urban and rural needs. The state’s legal framework includes laws related to urban planning, agricultural management, labor rights, and industrial regulation. Recent updates focus on improving infrastructure, protecting consumer rights, and ensuring fair labour practices, reflecting Maharashtra's dual role as an industrial hub and an agricultural heartland.

Rajasthan State Laws: A Blend of Heritage and Modern Governance

Rajasthan State Laws reflect the state’s unique cultural heritage and modern governance challenges. These laws cover a wide range of areas, including land reforms, water management, heritage conservation, and tourism development. Recent legal changes aim to strengthen property rights, promote renewable energy, and enhance the conservation of cultural heritage sites.

Legal News in India: Keeping Up with the Changes

Keeping up with legal news in India is vital for understanding the rapid changes happening within the country's legal framework. Recent news highlights amendments to various state laws, key judgments by high courts and the Supreme Court, and new legislation passed by Parliament. Staying informed helps legal professionals, policymakers, and citizens navigate the complexities of the Indian legal system effectively.

Conclusion: Staying Informed is Key

Navigating the complexities of India's legal landscape requires a thorough understanding of both national and state-specific laws. From the Family Law Bare Act to regulations in Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan, each piece of legislation contributes to shaping the country's legal environment. By staying informed about the latest laws in India and regularly following legal news, one can better understand the evolving nature of governance and justice in India. Whether you are a legal practitioner, a student, or a concerned citizen, knowledge of these laws is essential for safeguarding rights and ensuring compliance.

[loyallogic]

Laws for Naxalism in India and its Reforms

This article is written by Shivani Nair, from Manipal University Jaipur. This is an exhaustive article which deals with the topic of the Laws for Naxalism in India and the reforms that are needed to tackle the issue of Naxalism in India.

Introduction

Democracy has been noted as the strongest voice of the people, be it for the tangible interests of the people or the intangible interests of the people. The term Naxalism has been used as an expression of the socio-economic view of understanding. The young and fierce ideology of the rebel minds caused a surge in the movement, giving it the name of Naxalism in India. It was the beginning of a movement that would create a “liberated zone”. 

Naxalism in India 

The term “Naxal” derives from the village named “Naxalbari” which is situated in the state of West-Bengal, from where this movement originally came into existence. These groups of people are considered to be far-left radical communists that support the Maoist political sentiment and ideology. The origin of the Naxalites can be traced back to the split in the Communist Party of India (Marxist), which led to the formation of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). In the beginning, the movement had its origins in West Bengal followed which it spread to the lesser developed areas of the rural southern and eastern Indian territory such as Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Andra Pradesh. For the last ten years, it has grown and displaced the tribal areas and the natives’ lands who are fighting against corruption and exploitation from the major Indian Corporations. 

The generic terms that are used to identify them are “Naxalites”, “Naxals” and “Naksalvadi”. These groups have been declared as terrorist organisations by the government of India under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act of India, 1967. The leaders of these Naxal movements have their hideouts in China. The Indian Government has made measures to curb Naxalism and rehabilitate the affected populace. The problem was not in the laws made against them. The problem has always lied in the fact “how can we communicate these laws and provisions to the local and the isolated masses, who have no means of communication, in a substantiated way. The attempt lies in finding the solution to this problem. 

Causes of the Naxalite Movement

The main reason for the beginning of this movement was the lack of human development and the resentment amongst the people. The people have felt alienated and excluded. In addition to this fact, people were exploited by the local elites of the areas that resulted in torture of the poor tribals. The people who belong to the Naxal groups have received the most of their support from the tribals living in the areas, i.e., the Dalits and the Adivasis. The reasons for their support are manifold. What is common amongst these groups is the degree of unemployment and qualification. The recent forest policies made by the government which has restricted their livelihood, the cultural humiliation they face, not being able to access good healthcare, education, and power, the atrocities they face on a daily basis, the political marginalisation and the protests that they do, can also be included in this. The states that have surfaced as the hotpots for the Naxalites have a substantially high record of the crimes that have been committed against the neglected groups that include the Dalits and the Adivasis. 

It has also been shown that a large number of neglected groups were not given opportunities in government’s services. The attempts made by the government to increase its influence in the backward areas have resulted in the repression of the inhabitants. The authorities of the state such as the forest officers have subsequently disrupted their social bond. 

The most Naxal affected states are Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh. Each of these states are rich in natural resources. Such an abundance of natural resources has been one of the reasons for the promotion of the Naxal movement in these states. The reasons why this movement has grown could be enumerated. 

Such as, the very slow implementation of the reforms related to the land could be one of the major reasons. The landlords, who have generally been termed to be corrupt, have frequently moved to the courts to get these reforms delayed. They are also known to have connived with the local politicians to make the land reforms process slow and cumbersome. The reforms related to the land have thus failed to come into play. 

The second reason could be the social structure of the areas where the Naxal activities are prevalent. Most of the problem arises in the areas where there are poor people as the residents who have absolutely no or minimal resources to meet their ends. However, it would not be appropriate to include just one caste in the society who are marginalised. The sections which are poor have been known to be of many castes. However, the reason why they have been in support of the Naxalites is that they have often been neglected and do not even have the basic education or the healthcare facilities and by the government’s rules, their livelihoods have also been affected. 

In addition to this, the people in rural areas want to have the same infrastructural facilities and other facilities that are available in the urban areas. They are able to draw the distinction in the facilities they are being provided with and the facilities that they should be provided with.This highlights not only the situation of the areas but also the situation where it shows the failure of the government to provide anything to the rural areas. Despite having an abundance of schemes, they are unable to help the people living in those areas because of the lack of proper implementation of these schemes. 

Laws made to tackle Naxalism

There have been a few laws made by the government that are intended to curb Naxalism. These are:

National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2007– the main function of this Act was to reduce the displacement of the people of these affected areas as well as to provide good alternatives for the dispersal of the people. The government had made this policy for the people whose land is acquired by the government for industrial growth. Under the said policy, in exchange for land, an employment opportunity shall be given to at least one member of the family along with the vocational training and the housing facilities. 

Forest Rights Acts, 2006– This Act has acknowledged the rights of the forest dwellers and the scheduled tribes who have been living in the forest areas but their rights have not been recognised. 

Chhattisgarh Special Public Securities Act, 2006– this act has provided for the definition of the unlawful activities that have been prevalent in these areas and have also declared certain organisations as unlawful. This act gives the government the power to form an advisory board, wherever the state government feels that it needs to be established. It also states its procedures, formation of such a board and penalties with punishments. Even for not committing a crime, the power to notify the place that is being used for an unlawful purpose, whilst taking note of the place and bar/revision against the intervention of the courts lies with the government.

The Chhattisgarh Special Public Securities Bill of 2005– It provides for the fact that the District Magistrate of any district has an unconditional power to notify those places he thinks are being used as places for unlawful activities without any notification that has to be stated priorly. There is no requirement such as the production of the evidence in such a case to prove that the place which the District Magistrate has marked unlawful, actually conducts these unlawful activities. This bill has provided that any revision petition against the order of the government and the District Magistrate can only be filed at the High Court. Also, this petition has to be filed within 30 days and no court has jurisdiction against the order of the decision made by the High Court. Any sort of revision petition or the application or any form of injunction by a court or the officer except for the High Court or the Supreme Court related to any action that has to be taken, has been completely barred in this Bill. 

The sad part of this bill is that it is a blatant violation of the principle of natural justice and the fact that the aggrieved parties have no right to be heard is another violation. Therefore, it can be stated that the Bill has been completely uncalled for and has only been brought to have control over the poor people. 

                 Click Above

Are these laws effective?

Now that we know about the laws, the question that now arises, and perhaps the most important question is, are these laws that have been made, really effective?

The primary answer that on behalf of the government would be, yes. But the ground reality states otherwise. These laws have caused a lot of problems for the people who belong to the scheduled tribes and the scheduled castes. The Acts that provide a “land for a land” has turned out to be nothing but a nightmare for the people as well as the government and has also blocked the industrialisation in the Naxal areas. 

What reforms are needed?

The complex causes of the problem related to the Naxals as well as their implications for both the external as well as internal security reasons reflect a multidimensional solution. This calls for a collaboration between the center as well as the states. In order to completely eradicate the threat of the Naxals, the government has to ensure that they dig deep into their root causes and address the issues. This problem now calls for a three-parted solution. These are:

Socio-economic Development- the Naxalites are fueled by the discontent by the governmental bodies, therefore it is important to address these issues. When the national budget is being made, the first priority is to be given to these poor regions through initiatives regarding the health and safety provisions whilst providing them social reforms as well as educational developments. The service delivery of the government must be improved in these areas. The regulations of providing minimum wages and other basic needs must be implemented. If these issues are addressed, then there will be no discontent on behalf of the Naxalites. 

Multilateral Dialogue- The government should initiate proper dialogues with these groups that have been marginalised, the Naxalites and the local leaders of the areas. Communication is the key to the feeling of being heard. The only reason why these groups supported the Naxalites was because the government has been unaware and indifferent to their claims. By communication, their views will be taken into consideration and they would not need to resort to violence. 

Military- the main instrument that the government uses currently is the military force. This has increased the deployment of the military in Naxal areas. It has also reduced its territory to those areas where there could be potential threats instead of the Naxal areas. While some amount of military force is still needed to keep them under check, it should not be the only form that is required to combat the Naxalites. Coercion by the state will only provoke the groups to rebel even more. 

Governance- The growth of such a group also discloses the flaws in the structure of the government and the rules and regulations made by them. The government has the overall responsibility to address the threat and hence the states need to come together with the Union to combat the issues in a multidimensional way. Both the organisations must support and complement each other’s strategies and ideas. 

Conclusion

The state must start to tackle issues legally and try to minimise the collateral damage that has been caused. They should strengthen the leader and the security as well as the peace-keeping forces. The security forces could be used to protect the local populace instead of merely targeting the Maoists. Until the governments implement the laws in these states, it will be very difficult to tackle such issues. 

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[vignaniasacademy]

07th & 8th June Current affairs Daily News Analysis

World oceans day is being celebrated on June 8, 2020 under the theme "Innovation for a Sustainable Ocean" About: The United Nations celebrates World Oceans Day every year on 8 June. In 2008, the United Nations General Assembly decided that, as of 2009, 8 June would be designated by the United Nations as “World Oceans Day”. World Oceans Day is uniting conservation action to grow the global movement calling on world leaders to protect 30% of our blue planet by 2030. This critical need is called 30x30.  Source : United Nations (Environment) Bangalore's Best UPSC Civil Services Academy Coal India Subsidiary Western Coalfields Ltd (WCL) opened 3 new coal mines in Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh having combined annual production capacity of 2.9 million tonnes (MT) About: The three mines which WCL has opened, areAdasa Mine, an underground to open cast mine, in Nagpur Area of Maharashtra, Sharda underground Mine in Kanhan Area and Dhankasa underground mine in Pench Area of Madhya Pradesh. The company launched a surveillance System named ‘WCL EYE’ to monitor operations of 15 major mines of the company round the clock. It will also help monitor coal stocks. It also launched an App named SAMVAAD to connect with its employees and stakeholders on this occasion.  Source : PIB (Economy) Bangalore's Best UPSC Civil Services Academy A group of senior lawmakers from eight democracies including the US have launched the Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China to counter China About: It is a new cross-parliamentary alliance to help counter what the threat posed by China’s growing influence to global trade, security and human rights. The group aims to “construct appropriate and coordinated responses, and to help craft a proactive and strategic approach on issues related to China.” The list of participating nations includes the US, Germany, UK, Japan, Australia, Canada, Sweden, Norway, as well as members of the European parliament. Source : Times of India (International Relations) Bangalore's Best UPSC Civil Services Academy External Affairs Minister Dr S. Jaishankar asserted that India’s overall objective during the fresh tenure in the UN Security Council will be the achievement of “N.O.R.M.S. , New Orientation for a Reformed Multilateral System” About: He said this at the launch event of a brochure outlining India’s priorities for its forthcoming campaign to secure an elected seat in the UN Security Council. India is guaranteed a place in the UNSC as it is the sole candidate for Asia-Pacific Group, but needs two-thirds of the 193-member General Assembly to vote in its favour in a secret ballot scheduled for June 17 in New York. This will be the eighth time India will occupy a non-permanent UNSC seat, with its last stint in 2011-2012. Source : All India Radio (International Relations) Bangalore's Best UPSC Civil Services Academy The State of India’s Environment, 2020 report was released by Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), a research and advocacy organisation. CSE also publishes the environment magazine Down to Earth Key findings:  19 major extreme weather events claimed 1,357 lives last year. Internal displacement:There were more than 50 lakh internal displacements in India in 2019, the highest in the world. India had one in five of all internal displacements caused by disasters across the world in 2019, mostly caused by floods, cyclones and drought. Flooding caused by the southwest monsoon led to 26 lakh displacements, while Cyclone Fani alone led to 18 lakh displacements, followed by cyclones Vayu and Bulbul. On the other hand, drought conditions in 19 States led to another 63,000 displacements. Migrants: The report also broke down 2011 census data on migrant populations.There were over 45 crore migrants in the country at the time, with the vast majority migrating within their own State. In 2011, over 1.7 crore new migrants had moved for employment purposes, mostly from rural to urban areas.  Source : The Hindu (Environment) Bangalore's Best UPSC Civil Services Academy Union Minister of Housing and Urban Affairs has launched three advisories on the occasion of World Environment Day About: These advisories are: (1) Advisory on Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), (2) Advisory on Landfill Reclamation and (3) a Draft advisory on On-site and Off-site Sewage Management Practices. These advisories have been prepared by the Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO) under Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban). The documents released are part of an effort to find and facilitate sustainable solutions to some of the key problems hindering holistic sanitation and solid waste management. He said, when the Prime Minister Narendra Modi On the occasion a toolkit for a communication campaign on faecal sludge management titled ‘Malasur- The Demon of Defeca’ was also released. It aims at heightening the risk perception of faecal sludge. Important Info : Due to the launch of Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) in 2014, scientific processing of solid waste, which stood at a mere 18 per cent in 2014 , has more than tripled and now stands at 65 per cent. Source : All India Radio (Environment) Bangalore's Best UPSC Civil Services Academy NASA has announced that 163348 (2002 NN4), a giant asteroid is expected to pass Earth (at a safe distance) in June. The asteroid is a Near-Earth Object (NEO) and is classified as a Potentially Hazardous Asteroid (PHA) Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) NASA defines NEOs as comets and asteroids nudged by the gravitational attraction of nearby planets into orbits which allows them to enter the Earth’s neighbourhood. NEOs occasionally approach close to the Earth as they orbit the Sun. These objects are composed mostly of water ice with embedded dust particles. The scientific interest in comets and asteroids is largely due to their status as relatively unchanged remnant debris from the solar system formation process over 4.6 billion years ago. Significantly, among all the causes that will eventually cause the extinction of life on Earth, an asteroid hit is widely acknowledged as one of the likeliest.  Important Info : Potentially Hazardous Asteroid (PHA) This asteroid 163348 (2002 NN4) is classified as a PHA, which means the asteroid has the potential to make threatening close approaches to the Earth.Asteroids with a minimum orbit intersection distance (MOID) of about 0.05 (AU is the distance between the Earth and the Sun and is roughly 150 million km), which is about 7,480,000 km or less and an absolute magnitude (H) of 22 (smaller than about 150 m or 500 feet in diameter) or less are considered PHAs.  Source : Indian Express (Science & Technology) Bangalore's Best UPSC Civil Services Academy Thousands defied a police ban to gather with candles in Hong Kong to mark China’s bloody Tiananmen Square democracy crackdown in 1989 and accuse China of stifling freedoms too on their semi-autonomous territory About: The Tiananmen Square protests were student-led demonstrations held in Tiananmen Square in Beijing during 1989 calling for democracy, free speech and a free press in China. Background to protests:The protests were set off by the death of pro-reform Communist general secretary Hu Yaobang in April 1989, amid the backdrop of rapid economic development and social changes in post-Mao China. Common grievances at the time included inflation, corruption, limited preparedness of graduates for the new economy, and restrictions on political participation. Tiananmen Square Massacre:The protests started on April 15 and were forcibly suppressed in a bloody crackdown, known as the Tiananmen Square Massacre, by the Chinese government on June 4 and 5, 1989. On June 4, the government declared martial law and sent the military to occupy central parts of Beijing. Troops with assault rifles and tanks fired at the demonstrators. Estimates of the death toll vary from several hundred to several thousand, with thousands more wounded. Source : The Hindu (History) Bangalore's Best UPSC Civil Services Academy The second World Food Safety Day (WFSD) is being celebrated on 7 June 2020 under the theme “Food safety, everyone’s business” About: Background: WFSD was first celebrated in 2019, to strengthen commitment to scale up food safety made by the Addis Ababa Conference and the Geneva Forum in 2019 under the umbrella of “The Future of Food Safety”. Objective of the day: Through the World Food Safety Day, WHO in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) pursues its efforts to mainstream food safety in the public agenda and reduce the burden of foodborne diseases globally. Date of observance: Every year on 7 June.  Source : United Nations (Health) Bangalore's Best UPSC Civil Services Academy PM Modi condoled the demise of Ved Marwah, former Police Commissioner of Delhi and former Governor of Manipur, Mizoram and Jharkhand About: Ved Prakash Marwah (1934 – 2020) was an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer. He served as the Commissioner of Police (1985-88), Delhi; and Director General of the National Security Guard (1988-90). After retirement, he served as governor of Manipur, Mizoram and Jharkhand. In 1995, Marwah authored the book ‘Uncivil Wars: Pathology of Terrorism in India’. He was awarded Padma Shri in 1989.  Source : Indian Express (Polity & Governance) Bangalore's Best UPSC Civil Services Academy Union Road, Transport and Highways Minister Nitin Gadkari launched the UNDP national awareness campaign on ‘Prevention of Human and Animal Mortality on Highways’ About: It aims at generating awareness and education for the masses at large towards reducing or eliminating mortality on the roads. The country witnesses nearly five lakh road accidents every year, in which about 1.5 lakh lives are lost. Aim of the government under the campaign is to bring down these figures by 20 to 25 per cent by March next year. Over 5000 black spots have been identified, and the process for their rectification including temporary and permanent measures is being carried out on urgent basis. Source : All India Radio (Environment) Bangalore's Best UPSC Civil Services Academy The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has created a Rs 500-crore Payments Infrastructure Development Fund (PIDF) to encourage acquirers to deploy Points of Sale (PoS) infrastructure — both physical and digital modes — in tier-3 to tier-6 centres and north eastern states About: Governance: The PIDF will be governed through an Advisory Council and managed and administered by RBI. Funding:RBI will make an initial contribution of ₹250 crore to the PIDF, covering half of the fund, while the remaining contribution will be from card-issuing banks and card networks operating in the country. The PIDF will also receive recurring contributions to cover operational expenses from card-issuing banks and card networks. RBI will also contribute to yearly shortfalls, if necessary. Background: The setting up of this fund is in line with the recommendations of the report of the committee on deepening of digital payments, chaired by Nandan Nilekani. Need of PIDF: Given the high cost of merchant acquisition and merchant terminalisation, most of the POS terminals in the country are concentrated in tier 1 and 2 cities and towns and other regions have been left out. Source : Indian Express (Economy) Bangalore's Best UPSC Civil Services Academy On occasion of World Environment Day, Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL), in partnership with the U.S. Agency for International Development’s (USAID) MAITREE program, launched the “Healthy and Energy Efficient Buildings” initiative to make workplaces healthier and greener About: “Healthy and Energy Efficient Buildings” Initiative will address the challenges of retrofitting existing buildings and air conditioning systems so that they are both healthy and energy efficient. The Market Integration and Transformation Program for Energy Efficiency (MAITREE), under which this initiative has been launched, is a part of the US-India bilateral Partnership between the Ministry of Power and USAID. It is aimed at accelerating the adoption of cost-effective energy efficiency as a standard practice within buildings, and specifically focuses on cooling. Important Info : Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL), a joint venture of PSUs under the administration of Ministry of Power, is working towards mainstreaming energy efficiency and is implementing the world’s largest energy efficiency portfolio in the country. Source : PIB (Environment) Bangalore's Best UPSC Civil Services Academy Union Power Minister launched the ‘#iCommit’ initiative on the occasion of World Environment Day About: The initiative is a clarion call to all stakeholders and individuals to continue moving towards energy efficiency, renewable energy, and sustainability to create a robust and resilient energy system in the future. The ‘#iCommit’ initiative, driven by Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL), under the administration of Ministry of Power is uniting a diverse set of players such as Governments, Corporates, Multilateral and Bilateral Organisations, Think Tanks and Individuals. The initiative will also promote key undertakings of Government of India such as National Electric Mobility Mission 2020, FAME 1 and 2,Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana etc. Source : PIB (Environment) Bangalore's Best UPSC Civil Services Academy Union Environment Minister launched the Urban Forest program (Nagar Van scheme) on the occasion of World Environment Day About: In the initial phase, under this program, forests will be developed in 200 corporations and cities in the country across the country over the next five years. The scheme will be, in part, paid for by the CAMPA (Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act, 2016) funds. The forests were to come up either on existing forest land or on any other vacant land offered by urban local bodies. The Environment Minister highlighted the success of Wajre Urban forest in the city of Pune, Maharashtra which has been developed on a 40 acre degraded land area.  Source : Indian Express (Environment) Union Government has promulgated an ordinance to amend Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) About: Under it, fresh insolvency proceedings under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) will not be initiated against companies for defaults due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Default on repayments from 25th of March, the day when the nationwide lockdown began to curb Corona virus infections, will not be considered for initiating insolvency proceedings for a period of six months, which could be extended to one year. It suspends sections 7,9 and 10 of the IBC for a period of 6 months with an enabling provision allowing for it to be extended upto 1 year. Important Info : Under the IBC, an entity can seek insolvency proceedings against a company even if the default is only one day. This is subject to the minimum threshold of Rs 1 crore. Earlier, the threshold was Rs 1 lakh. Source : All India Radio (Economy) Bangalore's Best UPSC Civil Services Academy Daily Current affairs and News Analysis Best IAS Coaching institutes in Bangalore Vignan IAS Academy Contact Vignan IAS Academy Enroll For IAS Foundation Course from Best IAS / IPS Training Academy in Bangalore Latest Current Affairs Read the full article

[vmitranchi]

Mining Polytechnic Course; Benefits & Career

One of the sectors which are witnessing an exponential growth rate in the present as well as the future is mining. The rich and abundant reserves of fossil fuels, ores and precious metals are the reason behind this future. Also, this promising sector is believed to offer thousands of new jobs to the youth of the county. So students with a keen interest in procuring a good job, having a secure future in a prosperous industry should look out for the finest Mining Polytechnic Colleges in Jharkhand.

Why should students opt for polytechnic?

Students who are interested in developing a secure, job-oriented career in the field of engineering can opt for polytechnic. The course imparts very good knowledge of practical and hands-on experience in the field of engineering. Those interested can take up a polytechnic course as soon as they clear their high school i.e. 10th. The course offers numerous advantages in the field of mining, and through securing admission in one of the Best Polytechnic Colleges in Jharkhand; students can take a step forward to a secure and successful future. Some of the biggest advantages offered by the polytechnic courses are as follows:

Goal-oriented course: The course is pretty goal-oriented with a major portion of the emphasis laid upon getting introduced into the industry as soon as possible. Students are imparted with the essential practical knowledge to start in the industry, on technical positions.

Higher ROI: With lesser expenses upon education, polytechnic courses offer a higher return on investment. Compared to any other technical program, it offers more number of jobs. The course reforms students into young professionals, excited to enter into the industry.

Lesser fees: Expense of the course makes it well in reach for the parents as well as students, who dream of a better future. Compared to other technical courses, the educational cost of the course is merely a fraction of others, without much compromise on the levels of job.

Better scope: With the craze of engineering receding on a very sharp rate, polytechnic in mine surveying and engineering are offering much better jobs. The requirement of mine engineers has skyrocketed in the country as well as abroad in the past few years.    

Role variety: Students who complete the polytechnic courses from Mining Polytechnic Colleges In Jharkhand are offered a variety of jobs from technicians, to surveyors, draughtsman, and even junior engineers in many reputed private and governmental firms too. Also, there are loads of scope in the USA for mining diploma people too.

Students can opt for Diploma in Mining surveying and mining engineering from Best Polytechnic Colleges in Jharkhand in the field such as VMIT or Vidya Memorial Group of Institution. With the international recognition of the college on an international level, such institutes are premier ones to get in to achieve a great level of knowledge, skills, exposure as well as success.

With a scenic environment, premier colleges offer all standard facilities and amenities, with the latest education and integrated tools. Most importantly, students should decide to choose their career in technical fields after analyzing the placement records and technical abilities offered by premier institutions such as VMIT.

[tumbirus]

Dears,more proof to BJP and Modi aganist in Jharkhand, Over 5dozen candidate with criminal charges in Jharkhand 3phase poll. Sixty_Two of the total 309 candidates countasting on 17 Assemble seats in the third phase of the Jharkhand elections for elections face serious criminal charges. According to anAssociation for Democratic Reforms ( ADR) report,two candidates have also admitted that they have a murder charges aganist them"BJP and AJSu have a maximum number of six candidates each with serious criminal charges,while JVM has five candidates and congress has three" sated ADR " report.while have decleard their education qualification to be between 5th and 12 the standers,45 per cent are graduates or above. The report states that out of 7.016 poling booths &,,5342 booths were declared as most sensitive.Chief Elctroral officer Vinay Kumar Choubey said.192 poling personal were deployed at 95 poling booths in LWE_hit areas .The third phase of poling is significant as political heavy weights such as JVM chief Babulal Marandi,AJSU chief Sudesh Mahto,Urban Development Minister CP Singh and Education Minister Needs Yaave are in fray.Both Marandi and Mahito lost in the last assembly election and their political careers are at stake. Of the 17 seats BJP has the maximum number of 10 seats,while 3 are with JMM,two with Congress and one with AJSU in this phase,a total of 44 all women poling booths were set up.out of which 21 are in Ranchi with a maximum of 11 in Hatia.In view of the maist threat,the EC has relocated 10 poling booths .On Thursday polling will be held between 7 AM to 3PM on 12 seats while on the remaining 5seats between 7AM till 5PM. ( Thanks for Mukesh and Aparna). Dears,Uneducated and criminal BJP ,RSS persons are mother fucking to great Indian country public life today,so modi and shah life terrorist name crying to India.but this real Indian terrorist life how? Wait and see? .by Ioll,world wide. https://www.instagram.com/p/B5-OQrUAfUS/?igshid=1xdi8ibwgfkdl