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zooterchet · 2 years ago

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Boston and Havana (The Cop Relationship)

Boston, is home to the Boston Mercantile Guild, a business network of Free British, protecting labor from exploitive practices, that harm common labor.

This was constructed by Puritan carpenters, on rum, and populated by Gaelic teddy bear mommies, playing cards.

We don't like you taking advantage of people; we invented the word 'nigger', for anyone speaking tersely, abrasively, and with stunted authority, for Africans to use, on the underground railroad, to get those individuals imbibing such language, to say 'nigger', the term used by a phage, someone with an ant in their ear, an 'ant lion' (actually a dermaphage, a fly's mound to breed dragonflies, an alien structure from the Middle East, planted by Qureshi, for Kampuchean Genomes to come here, to smoke cigarettes).

Havana, had a modest marijuana crop, and a lush tobacco crop, turning it into an international exchange city, under Columbus. The concept, of the theft of proprietary information, thus banned in Havana logic, all intellectual property being free, with patents protected by education, the Arowak standard of guideship and guardianship, gifted north, through sugar, mercantile workmen of African descent, Canadian Freemasonry, German Masonry from Arab times of the Crusades, rum and whiskey, cigarettes and cigars, marijuana grown in "Northern Fields", Canada, Cape Cod, and New Hampshire (plus tree surgeon's fields, for cops, the incentive to joining "the force", the police services), and of course, assassins, to remove anyone violating Boston standards, through governorships and political alliances, always standing against the Presidency; therefore leadership in war, through international textbook exchanges.

Cuba, meanwhile, was gifted the patents of labor, therefore the assumed intellectual property (considered false, in Boston logic, all properties open given money, particularly recipes, industrial machining, business techniques, academics, and media art), could never be made exclusive to government (a police unit technique for "metro-pol", a recruitment of a framed felon, kill-at-hunt under Boston cop code, through MI-6 undercovers from Canada, the British Commonwealth's border state through Chicago, New York, and Vermont).

The patent held, was Elmer's Glue, Chewing Tobacco, and Chicklet's Gum; elmer's being the plastic bottle, chewing tobacco being the habit itself, and chicklet's gum being the media reference to tobacco causing lung cancer instead of bowel cancer.

In fact, anyone can use the Elmer's Glue bottle, you need basic law school postgrad and common sense to know that. Chewing tobacco, is deadly, and is only shared, by "citymen", those cheating classes through lawsuit for grades or placement or revenge. Chicklet's Chewing Gum, contains "hatin", the Urdu word for "colblock", the prime ingredient in asbestos, burned glass shards from sand, the cause of cancer associated with cigarettes and bacon, to sell more, allegedly helping you quit, with psych wards and hypnotists.

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automatismoateo · 3 years ago

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My father is a Hebrew Israelite. Fuck him, seriously. via /r/atheism

My father is a Hebrew Israelite. Fuck him, seriously.

So, I wasn’t really raised by my dad. I found him when I was in foster care at the age of 17.

From the first point when met him, he really wanted me to give up my life to return to my “culture” in his country. The culture I had been away from for 11 years.

My father, is a Black Hebrew Israelite who sees race mixing as an American cultural corruption, along with feminism and LGBT rights. He insists that it’s a loving religion just just cares about ancestral culture and racial hygiene.

In a nutshell, it’s racist, homophobic, sexist cult that does a lot of brainwashing of its members, fear mongering and a lot of horrible things.

I have memories from when I was a small girl, before I moved to the U.S, of him teaching me of how to use a bow and arrow to “defend” from an enemy. Why does a young child need to know self defense? Purely religious fruit cakery I guess.

I remember him talking to my mother of how he wasn’t going to send me to school because of the “liberal” dogma. I forget what word he used, but he basically meant that.

I had dreadlocks that were itchy as a toddler because something about hair being sinful.

My father married my mother when he was 25 and she was 16. My mom was a sort of hippie, free spirit type.

In Hebrew Israelite-ism, women are supposed to know their place. I remember my father specifically mentioning to me on a phone call, beating women isn’t wrong if it’s to teach them a lesson.

This was prior to 9-11, so she got around by herself on her grandfather’s money. Like any free spirit, she embarked on world travel, and met my dad in the Caribbean.

She was very gullible to the allure of an older man with an accent and good looks.

He was abusive towards her, and gaslit her to make her believe that her own parents weren’t hers.

She went from a wild girl to a woman that wore headscarves and was literally barefoot and pregnant. I’ll add that my mom is white, but it’s ok because my father is a man, and black men can race mix, and black women cannot. In my father’s cult, women are basically property.

If my mom never left him, or if I would have stayed with my dad, I would likely be in a marriage that I didn’t choose, barefoot and pregnant fearmongering about how gay people are going to destroy the country.

His country is extremely dangerous for gay people and people like him are the reason why. He’s attacked people in the streets before that were visibly queer, by his own, and other’s accounts. And he’s proud of it. There’s no shame, because he sees nothing wrong with that kind of behavior.

It was quite interesting reconnecting with him again. He justified his hatred of different groups because he was a “god fearing man”.

He’s talked about how gay and transgender people are a huge threat to society, and want women’s place. Being gay isn’t natural to indigenous cultured black people, only to fat Americans.

He hates Asian people, African Americans and white Americans especially, for he sees them as 4Chan/Pol tier mutt meme. He sees American blacks as inferior to him, because according to him he comes from a superior, East African diaspora. And apparently this is all….biblical.

He especially hates Jews, because he believes that Jewish people are impostors and that black people, particularly East Africans are the real Jews. He also considers himself….Egyptian. He’s not Egyptian, but he sure as hell likes to LARP as one. He hates mixed people with white fathers only, and mixed women who don’t exclusively date black men.

He also especially hates white men, but is somewhat more ok with European white men in general because they don’t race mix as much. And he justifies this all due to his Bible…an alternative version of the Bible, I forget what it’s called. Lost books, something.

He’s ok with white women, and dating them, because according to him, it’s conquering a race, opposed to being conquered.

He ended up remarrying to a woman who is just as racist and xenophobic as he is. She’s infertile, so even though they’ve tried to have more kids, they’ve failed.

He wanted to set up an arranged marriage with a man exactly like him.

My father disowned me for dating outside of my race, and I don’t talk to him anymore, but memories haha, I guess.

When he found out about my boyfriend, he threatened to kill him and said that I was spiritually confused and lost. That I’m just a dumb American girl with no culture now.

I’m godless, evil, and I need to be “saved by Jah”. He also has called me, wench, and other lovely things. I stay blocking him :)

He’s sent me multiple threats to come to where I live in the USA, kill my boyfriend and kidnap me.

My childhood was rough, but at least I wasn’t raised by him. It could have been a lot worse. My mom wasn’t the best, but at least she wasn’t….him.

Submitted October 16, 2021 at 11:05AM by ahammerfellonmyhead (From Reddit https://ift.tt/3lO3uqG)

#reddit

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superear · 2 years ago

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Zoro theme one piece chrome

Teach would go on to be referred to as the " Worst Generation". He, the other ten Super Rookies, and Marshall D. Having had a bounty of 300,000,000 before he arrived at the Sabaody Archipelago, Luffy was one of eleven " Super Rookies", pirates who simultaneously reached the Red Line with bounties of over 100,000,000 shortly before the Summit War. After learning of this and his exploits against the Big Mom Pirates, the press has labeled him the "Fifth Emperor of the Sea", though many prominent figures consider this to be exaggerated. Luffy also has a penchant for attracting followers and has unwillingly been named the leader of the Straw Hat Grand Fleet, consisting of seven pirate crews who swore to come to his aid whenever he wishes.

Luffy's accomplishments and heritage have caused him to be labeled as a "Dangerous Future Element" while in the process gaining a reputation for being "reckless" and, in some cases, "insane", earning the wrath of Fleet Admiral Sakazuki, the Marine Headquarters, and even the World Government. He either defeated or befriended seven of the eleven known past or present Warlords prior to the organization's dissolution, and has invaded the territory of two Emperors. He invaded and indirectly caused the annihilation of Enies Lobby, escaped the impregnable Impel Down, and was a focal figure in the Summit War of Marineford.

Luffy has gone up against numerous global powers around him, starting with fighting the most powerful pirates in the East Blue and moving to clashes against the Marines, Seven Warlords of the Sea, Cipher Pol, World Nobles, and even the Four Emperors of the Grand Line, emerging victorious in a majority of these battles. He is one of the few people in the world who carries the Will of D. Ace and Revolutionary Chief-of-Staff Sabo, and the foster son of Curly Dadan. Garp, the sworn brother of the late "Fire Fist" Portgas D. Dragon, the grandson of the Marine hero Monkey D. Luffy is the son of the Revolutionary leader Monkey D. He met "Red-Haired" Shanks, who gave Luffy the very Straw Hat that has become Luffy's signature accessory, having gifted it to the boy as part of a promise for them to meet again someday. īorn in Foosha Village, Luffy accidentally ate the Gomu Gomu no Mi at age 7, which turned his body into rubber. He believes that being the Pirate King means having the most freedom in the world. His lifelong dream is to become the Pirate King by finding the legendary treasure left behind by the late Gol D. He is the founder and captain of the increasingly infamous and powerful Straw Hat Pirates, as well as one of its top fighters. Luffy, also known as " Straw Hat Luffy" and commonly as "Straw Hat", is the main protagonist of the manga and anime, One Piece. Excludes: Africa, Central America and Caribbean, Middle East, South America, American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Western Samoa, Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan Republic, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Albania, Andorra, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Gibraltar, Iceland, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, Anguilla, Barbados, Bermuda, Cambodia, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Croatia, Republic of, Cuba, Republic of, Cyprus, Egypt, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Gabon Republic, Gambia, Ghana, Guernsey, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Iraq, Jamaica, Jersey, Jordan, Latvia, Libya, Lithuania, Malawi, Mayotte, Morocco, Nicaragua, Norway, Korea, North, Peru, Puerto Rico, San Marino, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uruguay, Virgin Islands (U.S.Paramecia For other uses, see Straw Hat Luffy (Disambiguation).

#Zoro theme one piece chrome

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afrojuke · 3 years ago

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Ben Pol Ft Wyse – Napenda nipate lau nafasi (MP3 DOWNLOAD)

https://ift.tt/lxAMWG2

Tanzania’s main act and East Africa’s RnB sensation and Bongo Fleva recording artist, Ben Pol dishes out a label new joint tagged Napenda nipate lau nafasi, produced by Daxo Chali and Nusder. RELATED: Darassa Feet Ben Pol – Muziki (Prod. Abbah) Ben Pol Performs “Napenda Nipate Lau Nafasi” was originally performed by the Kilwa Jazz Band. Abilities! Welcome back, It’s a […]

AfroJuke - Download Mp3, Latest Naija Music, Latest Bongo flava, South African, Ghana Music & More!

from AfroJuke https://ift.tt/LOQrNat

#Ben Pol Ft Wyse – Napenda nipate lau nafasi (MP3 DOWNLOAD)

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loadedupdates · 3 years ago

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Ben Pol – Beer (Bia) Ft. Jaco Beatz

Ben Pol – Beer (Bia) Ft. Jaco Beatz Audio Mp3 Download Popular East African Talented song writer Ben Pol comes through with another new song titled Beer (Bia) featuring Jaco Beats. Download & listen Ben Pol – Beer (Bia) Ft. Jaco Beatz Audio Mp3 Download https://cdn.efetunes.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Ben_Pol_-_Beer_Bia_Ft_Jaco_Beatz.mp3 DOWNLOAD MP3: Ben Pol – Beer (Bia) Ft. Jaco Beatz

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scienceblogtumbler · 4 years ago

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Colliding Neutron Stars May Unlock Mysteries of Universe Expansion

The National Science Foundation’s Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico has proven itself instrumental in another major astronomical discovery.

An international team of scientists, led by the University of East Anglia in the United Kingdom, found an asymmetrical double neutron star system using the facility’s powerful radio telescope. This type of star system is believed to be a precursor to merging double neutron star systems like the one that the LIGO (the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory in the United States)/Virgo discovered in 2017. The LIGO/Virgo observation was important, because it confirmed the gravitational waves associated with merging neutron stars.

The work published by this team today in the journal Nature, indicates these specific kinds of double neutron star systems may be the key to understanding dead star collisions and the expansion of the universe.

“Back in 2017, scientists at LIGO/Virgo first detected the merger of two neutron stars,” says physicist Robert Ferdman, who led the team. “The event caused gravitational-wave ripples through the fabric of space time, as predicted by Albert Einstein over a century ago. It confirmed that the phenomenon of short gamma-ray bursts was due to the merger of two neutron stars.”

One of the unique aspects of the 2017 discovery and today’s is that the double neutron systems observed are composed of stars that have very different masses. Current theories about the 2017 discovery are based on the masses of stars being equal or very close in size.

“The double neutron star system we observed shows the most asymmetric masses amongst the known merging systems within the age of the universe,” says Benetge Perera, a UCF scientist at Arecibo who co-authored the paper. “Based on what we know from LIGO/Virgo and our study, understanding and characterizing of the asymmetric mass double neutron star population is vital to gravitational wave astronomy.”

Observatory Scientist Benetge Perera.

Perera, whose research is focused on pulsars and gravitational waves, joined the NSF-funded Arecibo Observatory in June 2019. The facility, which is managed by the University of Central Florida through a cooperative agreement with the NSF, offers scientists around the world a unique look into space because of its specialized instruments and its location near the equator.

The Discovery

The team discovered an unusual pulsar – one of deep space’s magnetized spinning neutron-star ‘lighthouses’ that emits highly focused radio waves from its magnetic poles.

The newly discovered pulsar (known as PSR J1913+1102) is part of a binary system – which means that it is locked in a fiercely tight orbit with another neutron star.

“The Arecibo Observatory has a long legacy of important pulsar discoveries,” says NSF Program Officer, Ashley Zauderer. “This exciting result shows how incredibly relevant the facility’s unique sensitivity remains for scientific investigations in the new era of multi-messenger astrophysics.”

Neutron stars are the dead stellar remnants of a supernova explosion. They are made up of the densest matter known – packing hundreds of thousands of times the Earth’s mass into a sphere the size of a city like New York.

In about half a billion years the two neutron stars will collide, releasing astonishing amounts of energy in the form of gravitational waves and light.

That collision is what the LIGO/Virgo team observed in 2017. The event was not surprising, but the enormous amount of matter ejected from the merger and its brightness was unexpected, Ferdman said.

“Most theories about this event assumed that neutron stars locked in binary systems are very similar in mass,” Ferdman says. “But this newly discovered binary is unusual because the masses of its two neutron stars are quite different – with one far larger than the other. Our discovery changes these assumptions.”

This asymmetric system gives scientists confidence that double neutron star mergers will provide vital clues about unsolved mysteries in astrophysics – including a more accurate determination of the expansion rate of the universe, known as the Hubble constant.

Other members on the discovery team are: P.C.C. Freire from the Max-Planck Institute f¨ur Radioastronomie in Germany, F. Camilo from the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, J.M. Cordes from Cornell University, F. Crawrod from Franklin and Marshall College, J.W. T. Hessels from the University of Amsterdam and the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, V. M. Kaspi and E. Parent from McGill University, N. Pol from West Virginia University, I. H. Stairs from University of British Columbia. And J. van Leeuwen from the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy.

Perera has multiple degrees including a doctorate in physics from West Virginia University. He’s authored or co-authored dozens of peer-reviewed journal articles and presented at conferences around the world. He previously taught at the University of Manchester and was a summer scholar at Purdue University.

source https://scienceblog.com/517262/colliding-neutron-stars-may-unlock-mysteries-of-universe-expansion/

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anime-imagines-galore · 7 years ago

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Polnareff Taking in Avdol Post SDC

((I have a headcannon with the SDC everybody lives au that Avdol would be too afraid to live in Egypt by himself after the final battle and everything and since AvPol is my brotp, I imagine Avdol crashing with Pol since Pol is afraid of being alone since his sister’s gone))

PTSD will be implied and anxiety is mentioned

The nightmares started immediately. He’s been scared before but not like this. His home, his once sanctuary, was now tainted with demons. His once close friends now look at him warily, fear dictating their words and movements. His once peaceful energy was now anxious, driving away potential costumers. A failing business and cast out of his community, it was time for him to leave.

It pained him to look at the phone in his hand. The Avdol family has lived in Egypt for generations and he took great pride in being Egyptian. There was no way he could stay, though, and he knew it was time to put Egypt behind him. Shaky fingers dialed a familiar number and steadying breaths kept him calm until a familiar voice answered enthusiastically. Despite how scared he was feeling, he couldn’t hold back his smile.

“Salut, Polnareff. I need to ask you a favor....”

There was absolutely no way Avdol was getting on a plane. Flying and crashing with Mr. Joestar multiple times traumatized him for life. There was the option of driving through the Middle East but that would bring up painful memories. Looking but at the quickly fading African coast, he wiped the sea spray off his face and tried to push back memories of his childhood. Learning how to read tarot, spending particularly hot days in the shade with Magician’s Red, being high above the world riding his father’s shoulders.....his father....Avdol was close to his father before he died when Avdol was a teen. Pushing the memories back before they could overcome him, Avdol shut the door and a life he will never be able to go back to. All that mattered was the future for the past was much to terrifying to think about. Just a few more hours...a few more hours and he will be far from his past....

Relief spread through his entire body when he saw the familiar silhouette on the coast waving to him. Eager to finally get off that boat he, accepted Polnareff’s hug, a first in a long time. After placing the bags in the trunk, Polnareff opened the door to passenger side of his car and offered Avdol the seat.

“Welcome to the quaint town of Saint-Jean-Poutge!” much quieter than his normally obnoxiously loud greeting and entirely in French, as the two drove through expansive land with cottages dotted here and there.

Avdol didn’t need to be fluent in French to know what he said. With the beginnings of a smile as they pulled away, he replied, “You really live in a town that sounds so close to your own name?”

“Yup!” Polnareff was in the middle of swinging his arm around Avdol’s shoulders but quickly reconsidered at the slight look of panic at Avdol’s face. Awkwardly scrambling to pick up his friend’s bags, Polnareff led the man to his home. “You’re going to love it here! Tons of land meaning there’s no one bother us for miles.”

Avdol didn’t miss the quick look Polnareff sent his way. Ever since defeating DIO, surprisingly, Avdol took it the worst. The commutative guess was that having the final battle in his home country where possible extra supporters still remained was the main reason for his anxiety. Since then, Avdol has rarely talked, smiled, or slept. Hearing the Egyptian’s voice after months of sporadic contact was a nice change and made better knowing that he was well enough to leave his country. In all honesty, this situation was bitter sweet. Of course, Polnareff is excited to have Avdol live him but it’s only because he was ran out of his home. Just thinking about having to leave his home forever made Polnareff’s heart ache and he couldn’t even think about living it.

"Here we are.” suddenly shy, Polnareff swung the door open to his hillside cottage and put Avdol’s bags down to rest his arms. “The kitchen’s to your left, right there’s the bathroom and your room’s just back here...” leading Avdol to the back most room and opening the door, the two were presented a cozy room with its curtains drawn tightly together. Painted a rusty red and warm even for summer, Polnareff tried his best to make sure it would be in Avdol’s liking as much as possible. Nervous energy racked him as he watched his friend inspect the room before Avdol sat on the bed.

“Thank you, Polnareff. It’s perfect.”

A smile lit up the silver haired male’s face and he practically ran back to the front door to retrieve the bags. When he got back to drop them off, he saw Avdol petting a small black and white bundle in his lap. Iggy already looked like he was asleep given the warmth of the room and getting petted along with that.

“I assure you, mon ami, you will love it here.”

Leaving the bags near the door, he softly closed the door before retreating to his own room.

The cottage was small and the walls were thin, so Polnareff was able to hear wild thrashing and loud sobs in the middle of the night as though they were in his own room. Rushing to the other room, he swung the door open and ran next to a moving bed.

“Hey, hey Avdol! It’s alright. DIO’s not here, just me and Iggy.” he did his best to calm the panicking man, shushing him in quiet tones. Lighting the low lamp on the night stand, he offered Avdol a reassuring smile with said dog in his arms. “It’s just us. We’re far from him. It’s all going to be okay.” Avdol was still breathing rapidly but he was clearly more calm than before.

“Just us?” he asked, shaking slightly despite the heat of the room.

“Just us. Breath with me.” doing the same breathing exercises that was used on him to calm his temper, Polnareff led Avdol to a calmer state. Promising to stay by his side until he fell asleep, Polnareff spent the night calming Avdol in his room.

A few weeks had passed since that night and Polnareff has helped calm Avdol every night since then. Helping him calmed the fear that Polnareff struggled to not succumb to everyday. Saint-Jean-Poutge was a town of mostly older residents who all had their fair share of struggles. Walking with Avdol and Iggy to the square to get groceries one day, Polnareff was greeted by many of the old soldiers who told war stories to a younger Polnareff. They seemed to be keen on Avdol’s anxiety for they spoke in quiet tones and made sure to always stay in his line of sight. Polnareff was just hoping that his was sending thankful waves to the soldiers as he saw Avdol was more calm now than since the final battle.

Though rarely out, it didn’t take long for Avdol to get accepted by the people. The quiet scenery attracted people who only wanted peace, no matter their background. Most of its residents were old war veterans who related to Avdol. Polnareff didn’t think much of their stories when he heard them as a child but he was glad that others with shared experience could offer advice to Avdol. As of now, only shy smiles were offered but it was more frequent than when he first landed in France. Anxiety still heavily rocked the Egyptian and the people seemed to know exactly what to do when a panic attack was at its worst. They ushered Polnareff to him, offering encouraging words along the way, and all quietly retreated back to their abodes while Polnareff calmed his friend in solitude.

It was going to take a long time to get his friend out of DIO’s grasp but until then, he was going to devote himself to saving the person that put their life over his so many times.

#jjba #jean pierre polnareff #muhammed avdol #everybody lives au because that's my jam #stardust crusaders #this one's just over 1300 words

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hnd2scottjackson-blog · 7 years ago

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Decade of History / 1970 - 1979

WAR, DEATH, ATTEMPTED PIECE & MUSIC.

1970

1970 itself would be remembered for the raging Vietnam War. President Nixon was currently invading Cambodia.

May the 4th - students at Kent State University in protested unarmed against the Vietnam war which included setting fire to the ROTC building (The Reserve Officers' Training Corps). Unfortunately this will be remembered for the Ohio National guard coming in and firing on students killing 4 and injuring 9.

Biafra surrenders after 32-month fight for independence from Nigeria.

Rhodesia severs last tie with British crown and declares itself a racially segregated republic.

The Beatles announced that they were splitting up.

Floppy Disks made their first appearance.

The Aswan High Dam on the Nile, which took pretty much the full 60s to build, opened in Egypt.

1971

1971 was a relatively quiet year in comparison to others, the war in Vietnam continued on with USA.

A replica to the London Bridge was built in Lake Havasu City, Arizona.

VCR’s were introduced which would come to revolutionise the TV and recording ability in years to come.

Twenty-sixth Amendment to U.S. Constitution lowers voting age to 18. UN seats Communist China and expels Nationalist China.

Provisional Irish Republican Army shot dead three unarmed British Army soldiers of the 1st Battalion, Royal Highland Fusiliers.

1972

One major memory in 1972 was the Munich Olympics. Terrorists killed 2 israelis and took 9 hostages, to which gunfire would erupt. Fortunately all 5 terrorists were killed but unfortunately none of the Israeli hostages were able to be saved.

At the same olympics Mark Spitz from the USA won 7 gold medals which was a world record at that time.

The Watergate scandal began with a break in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate complex in June.

“M*A*S*H” premiered on TV for the first time - which obviously had strong connections to the current war situation.

Pocket Calculators were created.

Britain takes over direct rule of Northern Ireland in bid for peace.

infamous “Christmas bombing” of North Vietnam.

Bloody Friday took place which is one of the worst cases during the ‘troubles’ period. Nine people were killed, including two British soldiers and five civilians, while 130 were injured. The IRA were responsible,

1973

Great Britain, Ireland, and Denmark enter European Economic Community.

American pulls troops from Vietnam and the war is ended with signing of peace pacts. Nobody won from that war. End of 12 year combat in South-East Asia.

Nixon, on national TV, accepts responsibility, but not blame, for Watergate; accepts resignations of advisers H. R. Haldeman and John D. Ehrlichman, fires John W. Dean III as counsel.

The Supreme Court made abortion legal in the United States.

Egyptian and Syrian forces attack Israel as Jews mark Yom Kippur, (holiest day in their calendar).

Duke Ellington's autobiography, Music Is My Mistress, is published.

The Sears Tower was completed in Chicago and became the tallest building in the world; it kept that title for nearly 25 years. Now called the Willis Tower, it is the second-tallest building in the United States.

1974

Patricia Hearst, 19-year-old daughter of publisher Randolph Hearst, kidnapped by Symbionese Liberation Army.

House Judiciary Committee adopts three articles of impeachment charging President Nixon with obstruction of justice, failure to uphold laws, and refusal to produce material subpoenaed by the committee. Nixon handed in his resignation the following day (first president in history to do so.

VP, Gerard Ford was then appointed president the following day.

Serial killer Ted Bundy went on a killing spree between 7 states of at least 30 woman to which he denied all wrong doing until nearly a decade later when he admitted to everything just before his execution in 1989.

1975

Pol Pot became the Communist dictator of Cambodia.

Saigon fell to the North Vietnamese, ending years of American presence in South Vietnam.

There were two assassination attempts against President Gerald R. Ford.

Apollo and Soyuz spacecraft take off for U.S.-Soviet link-up in space.

Arthur Ashe became the first African-American man to win Wimbledon.

Microsoft was founded - leading to the worlds wealthiest company.

Saturday night live premiered for the first time.

1976

Supreme Court rules that blacks and other minorities are entitled to retroactive job seniority. Major step for Black history.

Supreme Court rules that death penalty is not inherently cruel or unusual and is a constitutionally acceptable form of punishment.

Israeli airborne commandos attack Uganda's Entebbe Airport and free 103 hostages held by pro-Palestinian hijackers of Air France plane; one Israeli and several Ugandan soldiers killed in raid.

serial killer David Berkowitz, aka Son of Sam, terrorized New York City in a killing spree that would ultimately claim six lives.

The Tangshan earthquake became a massive disaster killing a huge 250,000 people in China.

First ebola virus outbreaks hit Sudan and Zaire.

‘Apple Computers’ was founded, major competition over the years to Microsoft.

The muppets preferred on TV giving everyone a much needed laugh out loud in a tough year.

1977

Elvis Presley was found dead in his home in Memphis in what was possibly the most shocking news of 1977.

South African activist Stephen Biko dies in police custody.

First woman Episcopal priest ordained.

Star Wars premiered for the first time, resulting in the birth of one of the biggest movie franchises in history.

The Trans-Alska was finished. (Trans-Alaska Pipeline, in full Trans-Alaska Pipeline System, pipeline that connects the oil fields of Prudhoe Bay in northern Alaska, U.S., with the harbour at Valdez, 800 miles (1,300 km) to the south).

1978

Former Italian premier Aldo Moro kidnapped by left wing terrorists, who kill five bodyguards. He was then found dead a few months later.

The first test tube baby was born.

John Paul II became the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church.

The Jonestown massacre stunned just about everyone. It was the largest mass suicide in modern history and resulted in the largest single loss of American civilian life in a non-natural disaster until 9/11.

“Framework for Peace” in Middle East signed by Egypt's president Anwar Sadat and Israeli premier Menachem Begin after 13-day conference at Camp David led by President Carter.

1979

The biggest story of 1979 happened late in the year: In November, 52 American diplomats and citizens were taken hostage in Tehran, Iran, and were held for 444 days, until the inauguration of President Ronald Reagan on Jan. 20, 1981.

Margaret Thatcher became the first female prime minister of Britain.

There was a major nuclear accident at Three Mile Island.

Mother Teresa was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

Oil spills pollute ocean waters in Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico.

Ohio agrees to pay $675,000 to families of dead and injured in Kent State University shootings from 1970.

Vietnam and Vietnam-backed Cambodian insurgents announce fall of Phnom Penh, Cambodian capital, and collapse of Pol Pot regime.

Earl Mountbatten of Burma, 79, British World War II hero, and three others killed by blast on fishing boat off Irish coast; two I.R.A. members accused.

Soviet invasion of Afghanistan stirs world protests.

Sources: InfoPlease & ThoughtCo

#decadehistory #research

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plusorminuscongress · 6 years ago

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New story in Politics from Time: Joe Biden Keeps Stumbling. The Democratic Pile-On Is Just Getting Started.

The vinegar in the slaw will hardly be the most acrid item on Joe Biden’s plate as he arrives at Rep. Jim Clyburn’s legendary fish fry.

The former Vice President had largely lucked out with news that Iran had shot down an American drone largely bumping from the headlines the Democratic frontrunner’s ill-advised comments about how he worked well with a segregationist senator. Biden has, to this point, refused to back down from those comments even as his rivals criticized him.

Still, Biden advisers warn, things between now and the July 4 holiday stand to be perilous for the campaign. On Friday, Biden is set to join most of his Democratic rivals at Clyburn’s fish fry, which will have a large African-American contingent that will want to know why, exactly, Biden, unprovoked, invoked the name of strident segregationist Sen. Jim Eastland during a New York fundraiser on Tuesday.

On Saturday, Biden will appear at a forum organized by Planned Parenthood Action Fund, where Biden’s long defense — since abandoned — of a prohibition against using federal Medicaid funds from being used to provide abortion services will be on trial. Then, next week brings back-to-back nights of debates where he’ll be the top target, even when he’s not on stage.

In other words, welcome to the Biden Pile-On.

“If anyone else wants the frontrunner role for a while,” darkly jokes a top Biden hand, “feel free to borrow it.”

Since Biden first invoked Eastland, there’s been a low-grade anxiety inside Biden’s orbit. Some advisers sought to minimize it, saying Biden was simply telling war stories from a half-century ago. Others thought Biden had done lasting damage to his relationship with African-American voters. Biden’s campaign eventually distributed a series of talking points to staff and outside advisers who were fielding calls from reporters and donors. Among them, Biden reached across ideological lines to get things done and, more recently, had served as the Vice President to the nation’s first black President, Barack Obama.

Biden’s campaign has seemed at time to be struggling to find its sea legs. Biden seemed to let the cat out of the bag that he was running during a March 12 union meeting and then a few days later, on March 16, did it again in a meeting with Delaware Democrats. He finally began his campaign with an online video on April 25, although there were mixed signals coming from his advisers about what would follow. He ended up making his first public campaign stop on April 29, with a relaunch of sorts on May 18.

Still, he’s cleared the tests his early naysayers flagged. He’s building a competent political machine and on Thursday announced 11 current or former South Carolina mayors were joining the campaign. Fundraising, always a worry for Biden and his longtime advisers, has proven strong. Online outreach, which he was seen as starting at a disadvantage, has been gangbusters. Early worries about his overly physical approach with strangers at rallies have largely faded.

Instead, they’ve been replaced with new challenges. For Biden, who has had his eyes on the White House since at least the 1980s, the actual act of campaigning has been tricky. He released an environmental plan on June 4 that omitted notes that parts of it came from others. (Staffers were to blame, aides said.) He remains an unscriptable pol who has confidence in his abilities and sincerity and isn’t one to anticipate how they will be interpreted.

Which speaks to Biden’s current predicament. On Tuesday evening, Biden told a crowded second-floor reception room at New York’s Carlyle Hotel that he remembers a time when “we got things done” in the Senate by working across party lines. The Upper East Side audience featured the likes of former Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin, Obama Administration car czar Steve Rattner and former Hillary Clinton adviser Lisa Caputo — political pros who got the gist of Biden’s push.

Then, unprompted, Biden invoked Eastland, one of the Senate’s unapologetic segregationists. While he did not praise Eastland, a Democrat from another era, he also didn’t condemn Eastland’s conduct in being the voice of the white South during the Civil Rights Movement, either.

Immediately, Biden critics and civil rights activists noted the blind spot. While Biden was preaching comity, his rivals saw, at best, a racial insensitivity in citing a man who led the opposition against the nomination of Thurgood Marshall to become the first African-American Supreme Court justice.

By Wednesday, some of Biden’s rivals were calling for an apology. “Vice President Biden’s relationships with proud segregationists are not the model for how we make America a safer and more inclusive place for black people, and for everyone,” Sen. Cory Booker said in a statement.

Speaking to reporters at the Capitol, Sen. Kamala Harris said: “To coddle the reputations of segregationists ⁠— of people, who if they had their way, I would literally not be standing here as a member of the United States Senate ⁠— is⁠ — I think, it’s just misinformed, and it’s wrong.” New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio joined in asking for an apology from Biden: “Eastland thought my multiracial family should be illegal.”

Sen. Bernie Sanders, speaking to MSNBC, kept picking the scab on Thursday. “I don’t think you have to be touting personal relations that are very brutal segregationists,” he said.

Biden was privately furious. He sensed that his rivals were not affording him sufficient respect and did not understand how Washington worked when he first arrived as a Senator in 1973. The Democratic Party has changed much since the South was represented by Dixiecrats who were hardly embracing the Civil Rights Movement. Because some of the candidates hadn’t even been born yet — Pete Buttigieg, Eric Swalwell and Tulsi Gabbard were born in the 1980s — they are largely immune to criticism of votes and politicking from that era.

The pressure was a preview of what Biden may face on Friday in South Carolina, where roughly two-thirds of the primary vote is expected to be African-American. Despite Biden’s long and deep ties to black voters, these new comments will at least be brought up. So, too, will his support for the 1994 crime bill that is now seen as unjust. At the same time, since he started running, there have been revelations that Biden long ago opposed busing as a way to desegregate schools in Delaware. And his handling of professor Anita Hill’s testimony during Clarence Thomas confirmation to the Supreme Court has been a sore spot.

Biden’s advisers knew the history was always going to be a challenge and that millennials, who are now the largest voting bloc in the country, have scant if any memory of Biden’s last bid in 2008, let alone the 1988 attempt. That means everything old is new again, according to one aide, so they’ve spent plenty of time since Biden left office in 2017 scouring the record to see what else Biden may have said or written. They think they have most if under control, or at least filed away for reference.

Instead, it’s the new material Biden provides his critics that has some Biden fans worried.

Biden for his part, insists he has nothing worth an apology. On the question of civility, he was genuinely gobsmacked by the reaction. Speaking to reporters outside a suburban Washington, D.C., fundraiser Wednesday night, Biden said that it was Booker who owed him an apology. “I’ve been involved in civil rights my whole career. Period. Period. Period,” he told reporters. (During his first run, in 1987, Biden was called out for saying he marched for civil rights. He did not.)

Biden’s life is expected to get no easier on Saturday, when he is appearing before an audience expected to be supporters of abortion rights — a position held by 78% Democratic women in the U.S., according to Pew Research Center surveys last year and speaking to the powerful role women play in picking the nominee.

Biden’s reversal on the so-called Hyde Amendment — which bars federal dollars from funding abortion — was long a sore point for voters who support abortion rights. His change was welcomed by those who back abortion rights, but there remain questions about what took him so long to switch. The campaign’s initial answers left some feeling uneasy, as if Biden were moving for political expediency. Some aides’ attempts to explain what persuaded Biden included a conversation with actress and activist Alyssa Milano. That suggestion left many amazed the former “Who’s the Boss?” child star could do what groups like Planned Parenthood have been trying since the 1970s.

Biden is not going to skate by on his answer.

Things then get messier. The campaigns start descending on Miami on Tuesday for debates scheduled for Wednesday and Thursday. Biden debates Thursday, which means everyone on night one will be focused on noting their differences with Biden — without him there to defend himself. (He or a rep from his team will, however, be allowed to visit the so-called “spin room” where they can try to push his campaign’s talking points. Trump in 2016 would sometimes do the spin himself.) Then, on the second night, all eyes will be on Biden on stage like this for the first time since 2012 and facing Democratic opponents for the first time since 2007.

Given how Biden has conducted himself so far, there are good odds he could stumble — especially if the fish fry and Planned Parenthood forum get under his skin.

By Philip Elliott on June 21, 2019 at 06:00PM

#Time #politics #PlusOrMinusCongress #±Congress #Indega±#IndegaPlusOrMinus #TimeMag #TimeMagazine

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marlaluster · 6 years ago

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Emptying the cliptray on the new phone. ....

1. But while Israel has been a target for Maduro, the what little is left of the Jewish community in Venezuela continues to shrink. “The 2. https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-venezuela-asylum-immigration-20190605-story.html 3. Venezuela, now a top source of U.S. asylum claims, poses a challenge for Trump By MOLLY O'TOOLE JUN 05, 2019 | 5:00 AM TIJUANA Venezuela, now a top source of U.S. asylum claims, poses a challenge for Trump Venezuelans cross the border into Colombia last month. Millions are seeking asylum in other nations. (Marcus Yam / Los Angeles Times) Lionel Ortega had worked as an engineer for nearly 40 years for the Venezuelan state oil company when he walked off the job last October, defying authorities who demanded he stay and oversee repairs to the crumbling infrastructure that is choking off the lifeblood of the country’s beleaguered government. “We are in a crisis in Venezuela,” Ortega told the welders he oversaw. “If you need to stay, you should stay.” ADVERTISEMENT Men working for the 4. As a result, Venezuela has overtaken China to become the No. 1 country of origin for those claiming asylum in the U.S. upon arrival or shortly after, with nearly 30,000 Venezuelans applying for asylum with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services in 2018. Nearly one-third of claims filed with the agency come from Venezuelans, the most of any country by far, according to the latest data. That has created a dilemma for the Trump administration in which its foreign policy, which considers Maduro’s government 5. regime, though Guaido has failed to mobilize such a popular uprising. “All of Venezuelans want the U.S. military to intervene in Venezuela,” said Ortega, the asylum seeker in Tijuana. “We feel very grateful for everything Trump is doing.” 6. https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.usatoday.com/amp/1337707001 7. China warns travelers of harassment by United States authorities NICHOLAS WU | USA TODAY | 12:35 pm EDT June 4, 2019 President Donald Trump rolled out another $16 billion in aid for farmers hurt by his trade policies, insisting the money "all comes from China," specifically the tariffs on Chinese goods. (May 23) AP, AP WASHINGTON — The Chinese government warned its citizens about harassment by American law enforcement as the two countries engage in a global trade war. A travel advisory issued on Tuesday by the foreign ministry and the Chinese Embassy in the United States cites increased scrutiny of Chinese citizens traveling to the United States. The South China Morning Post reported that Chinese tourists were instructed by the foreign ministry to stay aware of safety risks and act “actively and appropriately” to the ways in which American law enforcement would "harass" Chinese travelers. “Recently, U.S. law enforcement agencies have on multiple occasions used methods such as entry and exit checks, and on-site interviews to harass Chinese citizens in the U.S.," read the advisory 8. https://images.app.goo.gl/X1v4FkWQHgb8vP1f8 9. http://martinicaonline.com/north-caribbean-beaches-martinique 10. https://www.tripadvisor.com/ShowUserReviews-g2051797-d3227631-r200626520-Anse_Couleuvre-Le_Precheur_Arrondissement_of_Saint_Pierre_Martinique.html 11. https://images.app.goo.gl/CSaZXi52cYvJ9cVH9 12. https://images.app.goo.gl/sUUUCUrLfqyTMnMo8 13. https://www.fodors.com/news/photos/the-worlds-20-best-black-sand-beaches 14. https://images.app.goo.gl/kQy1ZG5riUGS9Vdi9 15. 1.79 children born/woman Nationality: noun: Martiniquais (singular and plural) adjective: Martiniquais Ethnic groups: African and African-white-Indian mixture 90%, white 5%, East Indian, Chinese less than 5% Religions: Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant 10.5%, Muslim 0.5%, Hindu 0.5%, other 3.5% (1997) Languages: French, 16. http://worldfacts.us/Martinique.htm 17. TripAdvisor › ShowTopic-g147327-i787... Web results Why Do The People Of Martinique, Not Like Americans? - Martinique ... Nov 19, 2013 · 3 answers This may have changed since I visited. When My Family and I went to Martinique we had what would have to be the worst experience. We got picked up by ... Top answer · 0 votes Well you said you tried to speak (some) French so that possible main cause of dislike-by-locals ... More 0 votes I am American and I partly live in Martinique. First of all, there certainly is a big problem ... More 0 votes -:- Message from TripAdvisor staff -:- This topic has been closed to new posts due to inactivity. ... More View all posts World Population Review › countries Martinique Population 2019 (Demographics 18. https://www.google.com/search?client=ms-android-mpcs-us-revc&q=martinique+people&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj6x86W59PiAhWCmVkKHUF9D6gQ1QIwHHoECAAQMg&biw=412&bih=751&dpr=2.63#scso=_cnv4XJa4A8m45gLn3Kq4Aw23:404.952392578125.3333435058594.8571472167969.42857360839844.42857360839844.90475463867188.52381134033203.80952453613281.28571319580078.0476188659668.285715103149414.666666984558105.5714287757873535.66666603088379.71428680419922.66666412353516.66666793823242.5714287757873535 19. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_sand 20. Song by New Power Generation and Prince OVERVIEW LYRICS LISTEN PEOPLE ALSO SEARCH FOR 1 of 4 Video Thumbnail Prince & The New Power Generation - 7 (Official Music Video) 5:17 · YouTube Lyrics All seven and we'll watch them fall They stand in the way of love And we will smoke them all With an intellect and a savior-faire… Full lyrics Listen Play Music Spotify Apple Music Deezer iHeartRadio About Artists: Prince, New Power Generation Album: Love Symbol Album More about 7 Feedback Top results Wikipedia › wiki › 7_(Prince_song) Web results 7 (Prince song) - Wikipedia "7" is a song by Prince and The New Power Generation, from the 1992 Love Symbol Album. It was released in late 1992 as the third single from the album, and ... Released: November 17, 1992 Recorded: Paisley Park Studios, September 1991 to March 1992 B-side: "7" (acoustic version) Genre: Pop rock, psychedelic pop Music video Chart performance Track listings Charts Wikipedia › wiki › Talk:7_(Prince_song) Talk:7 (Prince song) - Wikipedia Meaning?[edit]. Just curious. Does anyone have any idea what this song is referring to? I suppose it's something obvious to someone here. It almost sounds like ... People also search for Raspberry Beret Prince When Doves Cry Prince Cream Prince I Would Die 4 U Prince Gett Off Prince Little Red Corvette Prince U Got the Look Prince Let's Go Crazy Prince Kiss Prince Alphabet St. Prince View all VIDEOSView All Video result for seven prince PREVIEW 5:47 Seven by Prince YouTube · J-Krak & Cairo Dec 12, 2016 Video result for seven prince PREVIEW 4:10 1995:Seven is a Teenager singing "Seven" by Prince #my7soul YouTube · SEVEN Oct 27, 2012 Video result for seven prince PREVIEW 6:29 Prince, remembered in 11 songs you might not know he wrote YouTube · Vox Apr 22, 2016 Video result for seven prince PREVIEW 10:21 Legend of Seven Prince of Hell YouTube · T10P Mythology Jul 19, 2017 Genius › Prince-and-the-new-po... Web results Prince and the New Power Generation – 7 Lyrics | Genius Lyrics 7 Lyrics: All seven and we'll watch them fall / They stand in the way of love / And we will smoke them all / With an intellect and a savoir faire / No one ... Prince Vault › title=Seven Seven - Prince Vault May 5, 2018 · Seven is the seventh track on Madhouse's first album 8. Seven was written and produced by Prince (credited only to Madhouse), with ... Album(s): 8 First Released: 21 January 1987 - 8 album Andrea Mai › prince-and-the-meaning-of... THE REAL MEANING OF PRINCE'S LOVE SYMBOL – "7" SONG INTERPRETATION ... Dec 7, 2016 · 7 by Prince All 7 and we'll watch them fall They stand in the way of love And we will smoke them all With an intellect and a savoir-faire The ... SongMeanings › songs › view Prince - 7 Lyrics | SongMeanings All seven and we'll watch them fall. They stand in the way of love. And we will smoke them all. With an intellect and a savior-faire. No one in the whole universe USA Today › life › 2016/04/28 Life lessons we learned from Prince lyrics - ... Apr 28, 2016 · People have argued whether Prince was talking about the seven deadly sins, the world's seven major religions or the seven ... Diffuser.fm › fm › prince-7-song Prince's '7' Provides the First Inklings of a New Name - Diffuser.fm Nov 17, 2017 · "7" was slow in arriving – too slow, in fact, to save 1992's Love Symbol Album – but it nevertheless had a sweeping impact on Prince's career. Prince songs Gett Off Gett Off Alphabet St. Alphabet St. Thieves in the Temple Thieves in the Temple Raspberry Beret Raspberry Beret When Doves Cry When Doves Cry Cream Cream My Name Is Prince My Name Is Prince Batdance Batdance View all Sweet Baby New Power Generation songs Purple Rain Funk songs RELATED SEARCHES prince 7 meaning prince 7 acoustic prince songs prince 7 youtube prince 7 genius prince diamonds and pearls prince cream prince revelation lyrics meaning More results 2 of 4 All seven and we'll watch them fall They stand in the way of love And we will smoke them all With an intellect and a savior-faire No one in the whole universe Will ever compare I am yours now and you are mine And together we'll love through all Space and time, so don't cry One day all seven will die All seven and we'll watch them fall They stand in the way of love And we will smoke them all With an intellect and a savoir-faire No one in the whole universe Will ever compare I am yours now and you are mine And together we'll love through all Space and time, so don't cry One day all seven will die And I saw an angel come down unto me In her hand she holds the very key Words of compassion, words of peace And in the distance an army's marching feet (one, two, three, four, one, two, three, four) But behold, we will watch them fall And we lay down on the sand of the sea And before us animosity will stand and decree That we speak not of love only blasphemy And in the distance, six others will curse me But that's alright (that's alright) For I will watch them fall (one, two, three, four, five, six, seven) All seven and we'll watch them fall They stand in the way of love And we will smoke them all With an intellect and a savoir-faire No one in the whole universe Will ever compare I am yours now and you are mine And together we'll love through all Space and time, so don't cry One day all seven will die And we will see a plague and a river of blood And every evil soul will surely die in spite of And seven tears, but do not fear Four in the distance, twelve souls from now You and me will still be here we will still be here There will be a new city with streets of gold The young so educated they never grow old And a, there will be no death four with every breath A voice of many colors sings a song That's so bold Sing it while we watch them fall All seven and we'll watch them fall They stand in the way of love And we will smoke them all With an intellect and a savoir-faire No one in the whole universe Will ever compare I am yours now and you are mine And together we'll love through all Space and time, so don't cry One day all seven will die Songwriters: Jimmy Mccracklin / Lowell Fulsom / Prince Rogers Nelson 7 lyrics © Universal Music Publishing Group, BMG Rights Management Show less

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grootpoepjeplasjehoofd · 8 years ago

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The key to continued usefulness was economic success; visible economic success led to heavier taxation, popular violence, and renewed complaints from native competitors. Either way, considerations of long-term usefulness could become secondary to an urgent need for financial revenue or political scapegoats; occasionally, they might be abandoned entirely in favor of religious universalism or bureaucratic transparency. In the Spanish Philippines, for example, 12,000 Chinese were deported in 1596, approximately 23,000 massacred in 1603, another 23,000 in 1639, and then about 20,000 in 1662; in 1755 all non-Christian Chinese were expelled (and many converted); in 1764, 6,000 were killed; and in 1823, the levying of special taxes resulted in mass flight and imprisonment. The rise of nationalism and communism seemed to pave the way to a final solution. If all nations were entitled to their own states and all states were to embody nations, all internal strangers were potential traitors. They might, or might not, be allowed to assimilate, but they had ever fewer legitimate arguments for continued difference and specialization. In a nation-state, citizenship and nationality (“culture”) became inseparable; nonnationals were aliens and thus not true citizens. And if, on the other hand, proletarians of all countries were supposed to inherit the earth, and if only industrial workers (and possibly their peasant allies) could be true proletarians, then service nomads were to be disinherited as “bourgeois lackeys” or just plain bourgeois. Some Mercurians became communist (in opposition to ethnic nationalism), and some became Mercurian nationalists (in opposition to both), but both nationalism and communism were fundamentally Apollonian, so that many Mercurians who were not murdered became Apollonians of Mercurian descent or citizens of the newly “revived” Israel and Armenia (which tended to be more Apollonian—and much more martial—than Apollo himself). In the summer of 1903, soon after the anti-Jewish riots in Kishinev, the government of Haiti barred foreigners from retail trade and stood by during the repeated anti-Levantine pogroms that followed. For two years, local newspapers (including L’Antisyrien, created expressly for the purpose) inveighed against “Levantine monsters” and “descendants of Judas,” occasionally calling for “l’extirpation des Syriens.” Only pressure from foreign powers (whose representatives were themselves ambivalent about the Levantines) prevented the expulsion orders of March 1905 from taking full effect. About 900 refugees left the country. On the other side of the Atlantic, the Lebanese population of Freetown, Sierra Leone, spent eight weeks in 1919 under protective custody in the town hall and two other buildings as their property was being looted and destroyed. In the aftermath, the British Colonial Office considered wholesale deportation “in the interests of peace” but opted for continued protection. About twenty years later, the cultural commissar of an incoming prime minister of Thailand delivered a much publicized speech in which he referred to Hitler’s anti-Semitic policies and declared that “it was high time Siam considered dealing with their own Jews,” meaning ethnic Chinese (of whom he himself was one). As King Vajiravudh had written in a pamphlet entitled The Jews of the East, “in matters of money the Chinese are entirely devoid of morals and mercy. They will cheat you with a smile of satisfaction at their own perspicacity.” The nearly universal condemnation of the attempted “extirpation” of the Armenians and Assyrians in Turkey and the Jews and Gypsies in Europe did little to diminish this new anti-Mercurian zeal. In the newly independent African states, “Africanization” meant, among other things, discrimination against Indian and Lebanese entrepreneurs and civil servants. In Kenya, they were squeezed out as “Asians”; in Tanzania, as “capitalists”; and in both places, as “bloodsuckers” and “leeches.” In 1972, President Idi Amin of Uganda expelled about 70,000 Indians without their assets, telling them as they went that they had “no interest in this country beyond the aim of making as much profit as possible, and at all costs.” In 1982, a coup attempt in Nairobi was followed by a massive Indian pogrom, in which about five hundred shops were looted and at least twenty women were raped. In postcolonial Southeast Asia, ethnic Chinese became the targets of similar nation-building efforts. In Thailand, they were excluded from twenty-seven occupations (1942), in Cambodia from eighteen (1957), and in the Philippines, relentless anti-“alien” legislation affected their ability to own or inherit certain assets and pursue most professions—while making their “alien” status much harder to escape. In 1959–60, President Sukarno’s ban on alien retail trade in Indonesia’s rural areas resulted in the hasty departure of about 130,000 Chinese, and in 1965–67, General Suharto’s campaign against the Communists was accompanied by massive anti-Chinese violence including large-scale massacres, expulsions, extortion, and legal discrimination. Like several other modern Mercurian communities, the Chinese of Southeast Asia were strongly overrepresented among Communists, as well as capitalists, and were often seen by some indigenous groups as the embodiment of all forms of cosmopolitan modernity. In 1969, anti-Chinese riots in Kuala Lumpur left nearly a thousand people dead; in 1975, Pol Pot’s entry into Phnom Penh led to the death of an estimated two hundred thousand Chinese (half the ethnic Chinese population, or about twice as high a death toll as among urban Khmers); and in 1978–79, hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese Chinese fled Vietnam for China as “boat people.” The end of the century brought the end of Indonesia’s president Suharto, who had closed down Chinese schools and banned the use of Chinese characters (except by one government-controlled newspaper), while relying on the financial support of Chinese-owned conglomerates. The popular demonstrations that brought down the regime culminated in huge anti-Chinese riots. According to one eyewitness account, “ ‘Serbu . . . serbu . . . serbu’ [attack], the massa [crowds] shouted. Thus, hundreds of people spontaneously moved to the shops. Windows and blockades were destroyed, and the looting began. The massa suddenly became crazy. After the goods were in their hands, the buildings and the occupants were set on fire. Girls were raped.” After two days of violence, about five thousand homes were burned down, more than 150 women gang-raped, and more than two thousand people killed. There is no word for “anti-Sinicism” in the English language, or indeed in any other language except Chinese (and even in Chinese, the term, paihua, is limited in use and not universally accepted). The most common way to describe the role—and the fate—of Indonesia’s Chinese is to call them “the Jews of Asia.” And probably the most appropriate English (French, Dutch, German, Spanish, Italian) name for what happened in Jakarta in May 1998 is “pogrom,” the Russian word for “slaughter,” “looting,” “urban riot,” “violent assault against a particular group,” which has been applied primarily to anti-Jewish violence. There was nothing unusual about the social and economic position of the Jews in medieval and early modern Europe, but there is something remarkable about the way they have come to stand for service nomadism wherever it may be found. All Mercurians represented urban arts amid rural labors, and most scriptural Mercurians emerged as the primary beneficiaries and scapegoats of the city’s costly triumph, but only the Jews—the scriptural Mercurians of Europe—came to represent Mercurianism and modernity everywhere. The Age of Universal Mercurianism became Jewish because it began in Europe.

Yuri Slezkine in The Jewish Century

#The Jewish Century #Yuri Slezkine #Chinese #China #Southeast Asia #Africa #Haiti #Indonesia #Thailand #Philippines #Kenya #Tanzania

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gravitascivics · 4 years ago

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THE LACK OF DEMOCRACY CHALLENGE, PART III

The last two postings report the overall findings in Jonathan Rodden’s book, Why Cities Lose.[1] That book claims that winner-take-all election arrangements – those that determine members of representative bodies (in national or regional legislatures, congresses, parliaments) – allow overrepresentation of conservative/rural areas at the expense of liberal/urban areas. That structural element reflects a derived British bias since Britain and her former colonies, such as the US, all share that feature in how they select their representatives.

So, while the US has the added element of gerrymandering, it does not stand alone in this form of inequality. As a matter of fact, not only do those other nations not have gerrymandering, their districts are not drawn by elected officials as they are in the US. Instead, they are drawn by independent commissions purposely established to make district boundaries neutral and avoid any imbalances within the resulting legislative bodies. They have not succeeded in that aim.

One can form that judgement by reviewing election results. For example, ideally, if the population is 60% urban, then representation of those urban centers should make up 60% of the representatives. The previous postings share with the reader data that indicates that is not the case in “Anglo” jurisdictions, at least those jurisdictions at the national (and in the US, at the state) levels. And in each case, it is the urban areas that are shortchanged.

In turn, that gives conservative policy makers a meaningful advantage and this advantage, mathematically, has been a standard feature in the US since the New Deal. Initially, those results were hidden but they have come out of incubation since the onset of the 1990s. A little history will help explain how this imbalance developed.

The New Deal policies of the ’30s did encourage a strong population shift toward the urban areas. But initially, since the popularity and application of New Deal programs stretched across the country, the policy differences between urban and rural areas were greatly subdued.[2] But by 1960, this effect had significantly run its course.

Yet, starting in the 1960s, local Democratic pols were sophisticated enough to know they had to change their messaging. They drew away from the leftist positions of the national party and, with more conservative positions, were able to compete with conservative opponents. These conservative Democrats, under such titles as “boll weevils” or “blue dogs,” won their share of elections beating Republican candidates. They did this by creating distance between their espoused positions on most issues and those of the Democratic presidential candidates.

But Democratic candidates that maintained an allegiance to national, liberal platforms and presidential candidates catered to urban constituents, i.e., industrial workers, migrants from rural areas, and immigrants from other nations. In turn, those areas, geographically, trace their roots to nineteenth century industrial (and now postindustrial) economic developments.

One can physically see that evolution by looking at where railroad lines were laid since the main customers of those trains were industrial producers. They needed to have access to their resource supplier and, in turn, to their customers who were located more and more in urban centers. Previously, this blog mentions that by the time of the Civil War, most lines stretched east to west and linked the larger cities such as New York, Cleveland, and Chicago.[3]

Labor unions were instrumental in how all this took shape in terms of the resulting politics. At first, there was a bias toward socialist parties (see WWW and the candidacy of Eugene V. Debs) but eventually shifted to the Democratic Party. By 1940, the large cities became the bedrock of the Democratic support and that arrangement still exists today. But before one accepts this linear progression, as with much of reality, there is a hitch.

And that hitch has to do with civil rights. Part of the Democratic coalition of old, as a product of that party’s association with Southerners and the slave economy,[4] was the “Solid South” contingency. That alliance survived through World War II but with the Truman administration (with the desegregation of the armed forces) and the advancements in equalizing the conditions of African Americans with the passage of civil rights laws in the 1960s, Southern Democrats became Southern Republicans. Once established, the Democratic Party became the undiluted urban/labor party of the US – constituting its current public image.

So, what does that public image mean in terms of policy positions? Well, in total, the party now funnels all those positions that make up the left side of the divide. Yes, that includes labor interests and civil rights but it also includes environmental advocacy, pro-choice abortion rights, gender equity, and more liberal immigration policies. The party is the more secular party in terms of governmental approach to religion while its rhetoric does not abandon the religious ties its individual members claim.

While diverse and by necessity compromising among its various voices, the party does have its boundaries. And part of this exclusive element is its unwillingness to bend further to accommodate those Southerners or other constituents who are not willing to sign onto its liberal agenda.

The “Republican-ation” of disposed workers demonstrates how true one needs to be to be included into the Democratic Party; that is, swim along or become a Republican seems to be the message. In the process one is hard pressed to find a non-urban, elected Democratic office holder.[5]

Yet, due to further complicated developments, the Democratic side includes higher educated urban dwellers. They support the global economy and at times find their position being counter to the needs of labor workers. And what this points out is that the left of center coalition is not only diverse but highly complicated. The party is striving to become more congruent within its ranks and to win general elections, it needs to find the ways by which to smooth out the rough edges between and among its various constituencies.

This story, according to Rodden’s research, has more wrinkles to it, but the above gives a civics teacher a starting point by which to grapple with this side of the polarized divide. He gives his readers an extensive description of how this end of the polarized arena developed, how urban underrepresentation is currently shaping the politics of the nation, and how the resulting polarization is detrimental to the health of the overall polity.

[1] Jonathan Rodden, Why Cities Lose: The Deep Roots of the Urban-Rural Political Divide (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2019).

[2] Such programs as rural electrification helped in this liberal trend among agricultural areas of the country.

[3] Ted Widmer, Lincoln on the Verge (New York, NY: Simon and Schuster).

[4] A tradition that stems back to the party’s origins and even earlier – that is all the way back to Thomas Jefferson and solidified under Andrew Jackson.

[5] One notable exception is Senator Joe Manchin of West Virginia. His record shows pro conservative positions in terms of budget restraint and gun rights. But he does seem to hold a liberal bent when it comes to socially compassionate policy positions.

#democracy #Democratic Party #Jonathan Rodden #Ted Widmer #coalition politics #civics education #social studies

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