#ear surgeon in india

[themicrotiatrust]

A Guide to Ear Reconstruction Surgery

Ear reconstruction is a surgical treatment used to repair an ear injured by physical trauma. The surgery aims to restore the appearance of the ear due to any medical condition, traumatic injuries or congenital deformity. With time, ear reshaping surgery in India has gained immense popularity as it helps many individuals revive their lives. This comprehensive guide will provide insights into what ear reconstruction surgery is.

How is Ear Reconstruction Surgery Performed?

Ear reconstruction can be performed in the following ways:

1. Autogenous Reconstruction: This is performed using the patient’s rib cartilage. This promises a long-term benefit as it utilises the patient’s cartilage and reduces the chances of rejection by the body.

2. Pro Reconstruction: This is a single-stage surgery where titanium implants are used with a prosthetic cover. This method is used as a last resort if other methods do not work. The process uses an artificial ear and has high maintenance.

3. Alloplastic Reconstruction: This is again a single-stage surgery performed at an early age. The procedure does not use the patient’s cartilage; instead, a skin graft is used. Proper aftercare is vital post-surgery so as not to cause any rejection or damage to the implants.

Let us understand the two stages of ear reconstruction surgery.

Ear Reconstruction Surgery: Stage 1

In the first stage, the surgeon creates a skin pocket at the site of the ear by reshaping the tissues. The rib cartilage then gets cropped in three pieces. The rib cartilage then gets wired with stainless steel wire, creating a detailed ear structure. The structure then gets inserted in the pocket, and a gentle suction is applied so that the designed ear structure can combine. The procedure takes around 4-6 hours, and the patient is hospitalised for at least a week.

Ear Reconstruction Surgery: Stage 2

To provide a proper position to the ear, it gets lifted with a piece of cartilage. The surgeon adds a flap of tissue and performs skin grafting over the exposed cartilage. The procedure takes around 3-4 hours to complete, and the patient stays in the hospital for 2-3 days. The surgery has a high success rate, and individuals get the desired results.

The ear reconstruction surgery is performed under local or general anaesthesia, depending on the patient’s underlying condition. The effect of anaesthesia wears off a few hours post-surgery. Some individuals with a thin or low hairline might not be suitable candidates for ear correction surgery. To get ear reconstruction surgery, consider consulting Dr. Parag Telang, a renowned ear surgeon in India at Microtia Trust.

How to Prepare For Ear Reconstruction Surgery?

Preparing for ear reconstruction surgery involves a consultation with an ear surgeon. During the consultation, the surgeon will discuss the medical history, expectations of the patient and the desired outcomes. Depending on the technique, the patient must get scans for personalised treatment.

What Happens After Ear Reconstruction Surgery?

The chosen method will be used during ear reconstruction surgery to restore the ear to its natural shape and function. This may include using artificial implants, tissue expanders, or cartilage transplants from other areas of the body. The process's complexity is determined by the kind of surgery used and the extent of reconstruction needed.

How is Recovery After Ear Reconstruction Surgery?

Following surgery, the patient will be under observation and provided with post-operative care instructions. The patient can expect some discomfort, swelling, and moderate pain. Pain management and wound care are provided to promote healing.

How Long Does Ear Reconstruction Surgery Take?

Ear reconstruction surgery is usually short, requiring only two to three hours to complete. The recovery process is slow and requires intensive care. Patients are often discharged within three days of surgery. Postoperative swelling and inflammation usually resolve within a few weeks, but it can take up to three months to see complete benefits or functionality.

Will Ear Reconstruction Surgery Affect Hearing?

Ear reconstruction surgery dramatically improves hearing ability, especially for congenital malformations. The auditory canal opens up, and artificial hearing implants are placed to improve hearing ability.

Consult Dr. Parag Telang To Get Ear Reconstruction Surgery

If one is looking to get ear reconstruction surgery or ear reshaping surgery in India, one can consult Dr. Parag Telang, a prominent plastic surgeon at Microtia Trust. The surgery is usually advised for patients with microtia (underdeveloped ear at birth) or those who have lost a normal ear because of any disease or accident.

For more details on ear reconstruction surgery, consult Dr. Parag Telang now.

Original Source:- https://www.apsense.com/article/a-guide-to-ear-reconstruction-surgery.html

[plasticandhand]

In this video, we tell you what is replantation and how does it work

[bestotologydoctorinindia]

Rhinorrhea: Symptoms, Causes, And Treatment

Rhinorrhea is made of two different words, i.e., rhino means nose, and rhea means to flow or discharge. It is the condition in which the patient experiences a runny nose. In such patients, there is a discharge of mucus from the nose. The discharge may be persistent or intermittent. In most cases, it disappears on its own. However, in patients with rhinorrhea persists for more than ten days, this may be due to underlying chronic medical condition. If the patients have fever along with rhinorrhea, they should seek medical consultation. This symptom has also been added to the list of symptoms for COVID-19.

What Is The Prevalence Of Rhinorrhea?

Rhinorrhea is a common problem and is often present in children during the month of winter. Fortunately, the condition is not severe and may treat on its own. However, in many cases, rhinorrhea occurs along with various other symptoms such as cough, sore throat, and headache.

What Is The Difference Between Rhinorrhea And Rhinitis?

Many people are confused about the difference between rhinorrhea and rhinitis. It is important to note that rhinorrhea is a symptom, and rhinitis is a condition. When a person has rhinitis, which indicates an inflammation in the nose, he may have rhinorrhea with several other symptoms.

What Are The Symptoms Of Rhinorrhea?

Rhinorrhea is itself a symptom and accompanies several other symptoms. Some of those are:

Nasal congestion

Headache due to nasal congestion

Pressure building in ears

Reduced quality of life

Discomfort

What Are The Causes Of Rhinorrhea?

There are several causes of rhinorrhea. Some of them are:

Allergic rhinitis: Rhinorrhea may occur due to allergy. The patients may have allergies due to pets or pollens.

Non-allergic rhinitis: In such conditions, the patients are not allergic to the trigger. However, the triggers, such as pollution, initiates nasal secretion.

Nasal Polyps: Tissues inside the nose abnormally grows in a grape-like pattern. These are known as nasal polyps. Patients may experience rhinorrhea due to nasal polyps.

Cold weather: Rhinorrhea may also be due to cold weather. As the person is exposed to cold weather, he may have rhinorrhea.

Crying: In some children, crying acts as a trigger for rhinorrhea.

Cold and Flu: Cold and flu cases obstruction in the nose through the accumulation of mucus. It causes rhinorrhea.

Deviated Nasal Septum: The nose is divided into two equal parts with the help of the nasal septum. This nasal septum is made up of cartilage and bone. In some cases, there is an abnormal deviation of the nasal septum on one side, resulting in nasal obstruction. It results in rhinorrhea.

Nasal Tumor: In some patients, rhinorrhea may be due to overgrowth of the nasal tissues, such as cysts or tumors. Although they may be benign or malignant, they obstruct the nose and cause rhinorrhea.

Foreign body insertion: Small children contracts rhinorrhea due to the obstruction caused by small objects, such as beads, in the nose.

Swelling inside the nose: Swelling of internal nasal tissue may cause rhinorrhea.

Infection: Several nasal infections either initiate mucus discharge or causes nasal congestion. Infections also inflame the sinus as well as the adenoids.

How Does The Doctor Diagnose Rhinorrhea?

If you are suffering from a persistent runny nose for more than ten days, you should consult with the best ENT specialist in India. The doctor will look for your symptoms and ask you several questions. He may also perform a physical examination of the nose to identify any possible swelling or inflammation. Further, the doctor may also advise you to undergo several tests to determine the exact reason for rhinorrhea. Once the doctor determines the cause, he initiates the treatment.

What Are The Treatments For Rhinorrhea?

In most cases, very mild or no treatment is required for rhinorrhea. Some of the common treatments of rhinorrhea include:

Medications: Several medicines help in managing the runny nose. The most common of them are antihistamines that prevent allergic reactions. The antihistamines may be through the oral route or topical route. When given through the topical route, it may be in the form of nasal drops or nasal spray. In some cases, a corticosteroid may be used to manage rhinorrhea. However, the patients should avoid prolonging the administration of

Saline water: Lavage through saline water may also help in clearing the obstruction and manage the symptoms.

: In some cases, when the patient does not get relief from medicines, and there are some anatomical anomalies, such as the deviated septum, the doctor may advise surgery.

What Are The Complications Of Rhinorrhea?

There are several long-term effects in case rhinorrhea is not managed properly. The quality of life of the patients, especially the children, is reduced significantly. It will affect breathing and hampers sleep. Progressive infection may result in complications. There is an effect on the hearing health of the patient.

TAG- Ear Nose Throat Surgeon in India, Paediatric ENT Doctors in Delhi, Best Otology Doctor in India 

[piratesgiftexchange]

Yield

by buck1eys, for @litallusion

PROMPT: “If James is the so-called “scourge of piracy”, then he must have encountered Barbossa and his crew at some point…right? Think “James Norrington’s bisexual awakening”, but instead of Jack being the cause of these new stirrings, it’s yet another old man (who also eventually gets a wig…huh).”

WORD COUNT: 2,012

James Norrington loved the Navy. He loved the order of it, the easy routine of waking, rising, getting his bunk in order. He loved looking after his weapon and looking out for his more scatterbrained fellow recruits. He loved pushing his body to his limits, he testing his mind against the puzzles of navigation and battle. He loved the rhythm of the boat and the rhythm of the days, the rhythm of the songs they would sing together when they came into port and rolled into the nearest tavern like a thrashing wave of sweat and voices. He loved the freedom that came from being part of something bigger, the friends he had made and the feel of command, when the time came. Everyone said he would go far, and, when he’d first looked at himself in his new captain’s uniform, James had found it easy to agree with them. He loved the Navy, and the Navy loved him in return.

They were sailing for India to assist the EIC with some trouble in the Bay of Bengal. The weather had been calm, the crew had been badly behaved in Casablanca and were making up for it with a diffident attention to their work which made his first command easy. He had even had the time to give some of the newer recruits some sword practice. It was one thing to learn how to fight in training, quite another to cross blades with a real pirate. You never knew if you had the stomach for it until the chance presented itself. James, at twenty one, had discovered he had.

His best friend at officer school, Runcible, had discovered he hadn’t, and been skewered to the mast for his moment of indecision.

Kinder to make sure the troops were prepared, James thought, as he knocked the blade from Able Seaman Maitland’s hand and asked him to yield.

A shout came from the helm,“Captain, ship’s been sighted.”

James gave Maitland his hand and pulled him up. He was barely sixteen, and fragile as a fawn. James worried for him.

He came to the wheel and followed Midshipman Symthe’s pointed finger. There was a ship on the horizon. It wasn’t flying any colours.

A conversation from his appointment dinner played in his mind.“Don’t worry son,” Admiral Boniface had told him, red faced with age and sherry. “Young captains, they get a taste of the action and they get paranoid. Think every merchant ship from the back of beyond’s a pirate intent on taking them down. You’ve got the might of the British Empire behind you, lad, and those rascals will be scared shitless.”

James had thought about Boniface’s advice as they’d sailed. He’d thought about Runcible, how it had taken him two days to die of his wound. How the ship’s surgeon had held his hand and James had watched as the light left his eyes. He had been afraid, at the end.

James Norrington was not afraid of pirates. He was hungry for them.

The ship on the horizon didn’t look too big. It was fast though, faster than they were, and that made James’ decision easier. And if it was a merchant vessel, no harm would be done. His blood was up and singing in his ears.

“Hard to starboard,” he directed his crew. They would stay upwind, better for the canons. The men, who had grown more and more languid in the afternoon heat, sprung to attention. Norrington smiled. He loved the British Navy.

His confidence was misplaced. The battle, when it came, was awful. If hell existed, it must be something like this, James thought.

In the half hour it had taken the ship to reach them the autumn weather had turned, and a Mediterranean storm was making the deck slippery with rain and blood. The screams of men, whether friend or foe James couldn’t tell, were torn away by the howling wind. Already he could feel his fingers freezing on his sword. A dagger whistled past his ear and split the sail behind him.

“Fall back,” James shouted into the raging storm, wondering if anyone would hear him. By a blessed miracle someone did, and the call rose up for the men to retreat back to their vessel. They had damaged the pirate ship pretty well with their canons, and the enemy’s main sail was in tatters. James could only hope it would give them enough time to sail away. More battles at sea were lost to ship maintenance than swordplay, they’d had that drummed into them in training. James prayed it was true, because they were being outfought by these pirates. The crew wasn’t desperate enough, and they were being slaughtered for it.

James watched the blue flashes of the men’s coats swing by as the fled the ship. He sliced at a pirate running at him with a cutlass. The man dodged the blade but slipped on something sticky on the deck and went flying off the edge of the boat. James shuddered. Falling between two vessels was one of the worst deaths he could think of.

He didn’t have long to dwell on it. Two more pirates came at him, and James was forced to dance his way free. He stabbed one through the heart and the other one paused. James pointed his sword at his throat, but before he could ask him to yield, he felt the press of another blade at his ear.

“No, captain. It’s ye we’ll be asking to yield.”

James spun round, and found himself face to face with a pirate captain. He was tall, as tall as James, with long hair flying round his grim face. His eyes glittered with demonic enjoyment and his rich clothes were stained with blood from the fighting. There was a sinister sort of smile playing on his lips. James knew a master of the trade when he saw one, this man was in complete control of his situation. The captain grinned, as though he could read James’ mind, and traced the point of his sword over James’ throat.

James swallowed hard.

“Will ye yield to Captain Barbossa and his dread band of buccaneers, boy, or will ye die?”

Time seemed to slow down. It was because he was facing certain death, surely. The blood rush of killing and the adrenaline in his veins was making him excited. If it was arousal, it was the arousal of battle. James had never been one for book study, but he was sure the Greeks had written about this.

James looked at this captain – Barbossa, he had called himself. He shuddered, though not just with fear.

Behind him, James could hear the distant shouts of his men on the ship, but all meaning was rent to nothing on the wild air.

What was left of Barbossa’s crew was massing round him. It was like being stood in the eye of a hurricane.

Barbossa pressed slightly harder on his Adam’s apple with the blade. James felt something hot and wet trickle down his neck.

James loved the Navy. He loved the freedom which came from following orders. And right now, his order was to yield.

He thought of Runcible, dying slowly in the surgeon’s cabin. Rage thrummed in his chest like drums. Something else thrummed in his groin, but James tried not to think about that.

It was as though Barbossa was a mind reader though, because he threw his head back and laughed.

Then he was right in James’ face, the sword between them, his rancid breath in James’ ear and his leg just dangerously close to James’ groin.

“I know your type, laddie. Ye think ye want to rule, but I see ye. Ye’ll serve and be grateful.” He smiled wickedly. “Ye might even enjoy it.” And he pressed his leg, just for a second, where James needed it.

Rage and desire did battle in him. Rage was fighting a losing game. “One final time, Mr Captain,” Barbossa stepped back and addressed the crew with theatrical flair. There were unfriendly murmurs of excitement from the band of pirates, all of whom were eyeing James as if he were a meal. “Will ye yield, or shall ye die?”

James had often wondered since, in the tortured hours of a night watch when the shadows crept with doubt and guilty shapes, which he would have chosen. As it was, he was spared an answer, because at that moment the crack of a musket distracted them.

The bullet flew right past James’ ear and burst the feather on Barbossa’s hat. Barbossa roared with rage and threw a dagger into the storm, but they all heard it thunk into wood, not flesh. The pirates rushed forward to shoot back, and James took his chance.

There was no worse a death than being crushed between two ships, but he would have to take the risk. He cut a boarding line free and swung, praying that his feet would meet tarred wood and not water.

James Norrington, naval captain, landed in a heap on his own deck.

His men, bless them, cheered.

James leapt to his feet again. Being back on his own ship had brought him to his senses.

“Cut the lines, heave away.” he shouted, and the call went up. A bullet whistled past and hit the far side of the quarterdeck. They weren’t out of danger yet.

James looked around for a weapon. To his undying surprise he saw young Maitland struggling to reload his musket.

“It was you, sailor?” he said in amazement.

“Yes captain.” Maitland looked shocked at his own daring.

“Good lad,” James clapped him on the shoulder.

He made short work of reloading the musket, but they were already pulling out of range. He had calculated right, Barbossa’s sail was too damaged to make a pursuit worthwhile, and besides, they were sailing with the storm.

As Barbossa’s ship disappeared off the horizon again, the men lost the frantic look in their eye and became rowdy and despondent by turns. James ordered a double tot as a reward, which did the trick. In the early darkness the men got to singing and telling stories over dinner. They were all of them very impressed with their young captain’s daring escape, and said as much. When old Blount nodded and raised a toast James felt he had finally earned the respect of the older sea dogs, the ones who had been sailing longer than James had been drawing breath.

But the victory felt hollow. His crew didn’t know it, but James knew Barbossa had let him go. He’d been bested by a pirate. Worse by far, the baser part of himself had enjoyed it.

James went to his quarters early that night. Maitland was on watch, with old Blount. He smiled as he heard Maitland telling Blount how he’d shot the feather off the pirate captain’s hat. The boy might make a fine sailor yet.

Still, James’ mood was miserable as he turned in. Barbossa had let him go, but he’d left him with a problem. James addressed the most urgent practicalities, cursing even as he came. If anything, he felt even worse, guilty as well as frustrated.

Barbossa was evil, he was the enemy of everything James stood for. And he’d turned him on and then let him go in his debt.

James Norrington made himself a promise last night. Whatever he’d felt, that had been the heat of battle talking. Barbossa was a good sailor and a repulsive man. His kind had killed Runcible. Whatever he’d felt had been a mistake, an aberration. He loved the Navy, he loved being captain. And he would hunt down every last pirate who threatened that.

There would be another pirate, many years from now, and another storm. But James Norrington went to bed that night with no dream but that of glory to his country and to his crew. Desire didn’t come into it.

Desire, as it turned out, would wait.

[whocookedthelastsupper]

“Thomas Jefferson in the nineteenth century wrote to his daughter that childbirth was "no more than a jog of the elbow," when his wife had died in childbed, as this daughter was to do two months later. Much more honest was the anxiety evinced by Madame de Sévigné, when her beloved only daughter suffered three pregnancies in the first two years of her marriage, including a severe miscarriage. In a furious letter she warned her son-in-law that "the beauty, the health, the piety and the life of the woman you love can all be destroyed by frequent occurrences of the pain you make her suffer" threatening him, "I shall take your wife from you! Do you imagine I gave her to you so that you might kill her?" Françoise survived this pregnancy, but her mother's fears were not at an end. Immediately after the delivery she dashed off a hasty warning not to rely on breast-feeding to prevent conception:

"if after your periods start again, you as much afarink of making love with M. de Grignan, you may consider yourself already pregnant, and if one of your midwives tells you differently, then your husband has bribed her!"

The position of the husband in this all-too-common situation, caught between the options of lethally selfish sensualist or reluctant celibate, was not a happy one. He would, however, survive his sex life: very many women did not. And as the modern age with its much-vaunted progress and prosperity broke about the ears of women in the West, they had the disconcerting experience of discovering that childbirth became worse, not better; for in one of the decisive power struggles that were to touch all women's lives, men finally won their long fight to take over the management of women in labor. Male attacks on women healers were nothing new —one facet of the witch hunts had been the determination of university-trained male physicians to eliminate the female opposition. But with the advent of drugs, obstetrical forceps, anesthesia and formal medical training, male practitioners were finally able to usurp women's age-old role as birth attendant and present themselves as the chief accoucheur.

Armed with the authority of the expert, the new men had no difficulty putting down the old women, even when they were horribly in the wrong. On his own admission "the great William Smellie," the mold-breaking "Master of British midwifery" when learning his trade once slashed a baby's umbilical cord so clumsily that the child almost bled to death. Smellie informed the suspicious midwife, whom his arrival had displaced, that this was a revolutionary new technique designed to prevent convulsions in the newly born. Privately, though, as he later disclosed, he was never so terrified in all his life.

With the advent of chloroform and disinfectant in the West, medical science began at last to make headway against its own darkest prejudices that the suffering and death of women in childbirth were no more than a "necessary evil" to be seen "even as a blessing of the Gospel," as one leading British gynecologist wrote in 1848. Elsewhere, though, it seemed that nothing could dislodge the fatalistic attitude toward the loss of female life, nor change the habits and customs that promoted those deaths. From India, a British woman surgeon, Dr. Vaughan, sent this despairing report in the last days of the Raj:

On the floor is the woman. With her are one or two dirty old women, their hands begrimed with dirt, their heads alive with vermin... the patient has been in labor for three days, and they cannot get the child out. On inspection, we find the vulva swollen and torn. They tell us, yes, it is a bad case, and they have had to use both feet and hands in their efforts to deliver her... Chloroform is given, and the child extracted with forceps. We are sure to find holly-hock roots which have been pushed up inside the mother, sometimes string and a dirty rag containing quince seeds in the uterus itself... Do not think it is only the poor who suffer like this. I can show you the homes of many Indian men with university degrees whose wives are confined on filthy rags and attended by these bazaar dhais.

With great clarity, Vaughan saw that the root cause of this suffering, infection and death lay not with the dhais who ministered to the women, but in the attitudes of the husbands.”

-Rosalind Miles; Who Cooked The Last Supper? The Women’s History of the World

[ramayantika]

I just remembered something. Now like most lower middle class children, I was also the one brought up with hindi movies, songs and ofc hindi serials. Now, I was all 12 when for the first time i was studying in one of those posh schools in kolkata. The area where the school wasn't that posh but the children definitely were. Bmws, businessmen, surgeons doctors, club owners, ameeron ke bache.

So i have met showoff kids who show their money and status discreetly like they will be your friends, give you notes, share tiffin but also in a way show you that you aren't rich. And i also met some realy rich kids who could afford partying at expensive hotels, but God they were so humble and down to earth.

That was when I had learnt how to fit in. Now my friends were the ones who from the start watched English comedies, knew the lyrics to English pop songs and watched web series.

For me the concept of web series, Netflix etc started in kolkata when I was 13-14. I would see the photos of their colonies and all and would go damn I want to live like them too.

Now to fit in I began watching those English movies and songs I trained my ears to understand the words because for the first time when you hear them it feels like a rap song at least that's what it was for me. Soon after a couple of months I learnt how to understand those lyrics without captions and stuff and could sing that. In free periods in my old schools we used to sing hindi songs retro to modern, here it went bieber, ed Sheeran, Taylor and all those. I went with the same now. I remember ny 8th grad winter vacation where I was learning their lyrics.

Now my friend had invited me to her birthday party. My brother was anyway angrez from rhe start so everyone consented to watch some old English comedy series

And boy I felt so awkward because I saw them clutching their stomach and laughing while there was me trying to find where was the joke -

I only focused on having 2 pieces of pizza for that entire show lol. I trained how to pick up English songs but not the jokes.

Somehow I ended up liking no loving 1d which started out again as a way to fit in with the others and now I have fell out of it.

You know being with them around them I too wanted to live their kinda lifestyle. Rich homes, big rooms, parties and events, those clothes and stuff, money outings. I was young and kehte hai na bahar ka dekh ke chaka chaundh hona?

But now I have lost all that interest I once had. Sure I want money and a good lifestyle but not that. Now that I am growing I see how many of them are shallow on the inside. With money clothes parties they don't see anything beyond it it's like a glittery cover on the outside.

And once again I found myself after I was separated from the school and the community. I can't enjoy Friends Or The Office. I cannot understand those sit coms shows like they must be good but not something for me. Taylor and other pop singers and other ones I do find them interesting and ofc talented in their respective fields, but yeah that's not for me.

I actually like this lower middle class life. I have been brought up living with uncertainty and maybe that's why I was taught to live in the present. For some time it was good in those bright rich homes, rich friends, shine and sparkles, but I feel much at home with niche baith ke khana, local dukano mein shopping aur hindi serials ka mazak bannate huye bhi aage ke episodes pe hooked rehna. Many of my friends ask me why are you so devi dharmik types because you talk about gods, wear Indian clothes and are all traditional when the world is advancing india too.

Bhai these are my roots my values and the way I was brought up. There's nothing wrong in either of those lifestyles. Mera gaon kahin andar odisha mein hai papa mere jis gaon school se the vahan ab tak bijli nahi aati. I like this simplicity that we live with. And dharmik devi stuff isn't my entire personality meri choice hai I don't like going out to parties and clubs and go around calling every boy and girl my bestie, babes, darling when I see them only once.

And middle class vale bich ke phasse hote hai ameer bhi gareeb bhi dono inme hai. You learn many things while growing up in a middle class family.

Bahut gyan de diya mein jaati ab padhne

[astridblogs]

Continuity and Change in Plastic Surgery

Plastic surgery has had many different connotations throughout the years. In its early stages it was seen more as to fix defects and amputations. In today's times, it is seen as a luxury. The changes plastic surgery has endured have been many and now serves multiple purposes.

Ancient Rome

The very beginning of plastic surgery began in ancient Rome in 1 BC. Since Romans would constantly be at war, they needed surgeries for amputations and wounds that cannot be self-healed. They would normally conduct surgical procedures on gladiators who had their noses and ears amputated. During this time, ancient Romans had different views and beliefs and would therefore conduct surgeries to supposedly correct them. In this time they mainly focused on circumcision removals. An encyclopedist named Aulus Conrelius Celsus would further explain this surgery and others such as breast reductions and a blepharoplasty (excess skin removed from the eyes) in a text named 'De re medicina'.[1].

Fathers of Plastic Surgery

The advancements in plastic surgery developed in India around 800 BC. A physician named Sushruta had explored the causes of more than 1,100 diseases, used plants for medicine, and conducted plenty of surgical procedures such as the "Indian Method"[2], also known as the forehead flap rhinoplasty. In this surgery, Sushruta would use the tissues from the forehead and used them for nose reconstruction. He used more than 125 surgical tools to conduct the forehead flap rhinoplasty which included "dilators, catheters, and syringes"[3]. The forehead flap rhinoplasties were common because many would lose their nose due to penalization of crimes such as theft from India. Sushruta helped fix the nasal problems people had and carried on to do other procedures such as lobuloplasties and otoplasties.

Here is Sushruta conducting a surgery on one of his patients

Fast foward to the 1500s, another "father of plastic surgery" arose [4]. He was an Italian man named Gaspare Tagliacozzi. He established the "Italian Method" in rhinoplasties which was him cutting a flap of skin from the bicep and fully removing it and adding it onto the nose.

In this photo it shows Gaspare Tagliacozzi's method of rhinoplasties.

These two plastic surgery pioneers had similar methods of removal and used it to develop a practice that would change the field of surgery.

Plastic Surgery's Impact on War

During times of war, many soldiers lose fingers, noses, ears, lips, and so many more features due to artillery. Fortunately, plastic surgery helps those soldiers better or even fully heal the wounds they have. The reconstruction of body parts has helped veterans be themselves again and do tasks they were not able to preform before.

World War I

Around the early 19th century, World War I broke out. Over 21 million soldiers were wounded by things such as machine guns and trench warfare and most needed surgery in order to live. The sudden emergence of plastic surgery arose when veterans were needing facial reconstruction such as for their jaw injuries that would not let them eat or drink. A doctor named Harold Gillies was the first to experiment with plastic surgery during the war on his patients in his hospital, The Queen's Hospital. Dr. Gillies began to test out "...basic skin and bone grafts in his attempts to repair the shattered jaws of soldiers who had taken bullets or shrapnel to their faces"[5]. Gillies curiosity of plastic surgery further progressed when he observed Hippolyte Morestin, a maxillofacial surgeon, and began to focus on the entire face rather than the jaw. His first major surgery was on a man named Walter Yeo, a sailor that was wounded while fighting Battle of Jutland. Gillies normalized facial surgeries among the medical world because of this war and because of him plastic surgery became a frequent practice for veterans in need.

Here in these pictures Yeo had gotten a flap surgery and a skin transplant.

World War II

Because of the positive impact plastic surgery had on veterans in WWI, it was used and developed more in World War II (WWII). Doctors had to quickly adjust to new surgeries that help correct disfigured burns. One doctor in particular named Dr. Archibald McIndoe was the Harold Gillies of this war who helped many of his patients, also known as the "Guinea Pig Club" [6],repair the severe injuries. However, it wasn't the technique of his surgery that made him a remarkable doctor, it was his form of talking to his patients. Dr. Mclndoe would try to uplift his patient's self esteem by telling them their alterations do not make them any less of a person and would bring 'showgirls' [7] to have conversations with them to make them feel confident. Not only were faces repaired, but so were eyes. At Valley Forge Hospital, they started to develop artificial eyes. These eyes were made up of acrylic which look highly realistic. This helped veterans have their old face and confidence back.

After using plastic surgery for necessary and urgent injuries, the practice began to expand into unnecessary uses. After WWII, Japan escorts began to inject silicone straight into their breasts. After this event, many others began to use plastic surgery for luxury reasons and needless body modifications.

The Era of Real Plastic

After using plastic surgery for defects and injuries, it began to expand into further developments. With the help of silicone, people began to use them for selfish needs. The first silicone implant was invented by Thomas Cronin in 1962 and was used for a breast augmentation on Timmie Jean Lindsey in 1964. This surgery added a whole new meaning towards the words "plastic surgery" and began to spread like wildfire. Celebrities and the rich began to use these surgeries to better their appearance in order to stay famous or to just have more confidence. The new connotation of plastic surgery made lavishness resonate with the medical world and established a very successful industry.

Throughout the late 20th and early 21st century, Micheal Jackson has been getting aesthetic surgical procedures to his nose. He has denied most allegations about facial surgeries, but has admitted to 2 rhinoplasties [10]

Present Day Surgeries

Today, the image people think of when plastic surgery is mentioned are mostly vain procedures such as Brazilian Butt Lifts, rhinoplasties, breast implants, lip fillers, etc. Plastic surgery began to be normalized for body or alterations so much that now "...around 1.6 million [plastic surgery] procedures in 1997 to over 5.5 million in 2020 [in the past decade]"[8]. Most singers, actors, and even models have been under the knife to keep their appearance or to appear more exotic. To go more into depth, Bella Hadid has had surgical procedures such as a rhinoplasty at 14 [9]. The common appearance of celebrities with plastic surgery influenced more classes to get into it. For example, the middle class became involved in small operations and are now common to be seen doing non-surgical procedures such as botox. Although plastic surgery is still meant to help correct defects and injuries, the connotation and flashes people get when plastic surgery is mentioned has changed and is now seen as something lush most get.

In this before and after picture of Bella Hadid, you could notice the change of her nose due to a rounder tip, a smoother nose bridge, and an overall thinner nose.

The Influence of Plastic Surgery

As more and more surgical procedures were used and documented by ancient Egyptians, 16th century Italians, and wars, the procedures began to be used globally. Many countries began to use the surgical knowledge and further develop it to treat other injuries and needs. This industry has positively helped alter the lives of many and has made a forever impact one's confidence. Today, there are more than 15 million plastic surgeries which are now fully sanitary, handled by professionals, and most importantly, a safe procedure.

[1]: https://www.capegazette.com/node/69868

[2]https://journals.lww.com/annalsplasticsurgery/Abstract/2014/07000/Sushruta__Father_of_Plastic_Surgery.2.aspx#:~:text=Because%20of%20his%20seminal%20contributions,method.%E2%80%9D%20He%20was%20born%20sometime

[3]: (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23133066/)

[4]: https://www.kirbyplasticsurgery.com/blog/plastic-surgery-history-wartime/

[5]: https://www.warhistoryonline.com/history/the-origin-of-plastic-surgery.html?safari=1

[6]: https://www.kirbyplasticsurgery.com/blog/plastic-surgery-history-wartime/

[7]: https://www.kirbyplasticsurgery.com/blog/plastic-surgery-history-wartime/

[8]: https://www.statista.com/topics/3734/cosmetic-surgery/

[9]: https://www.elle.com/uk/life-and-culture/culture/a39438874/bella-hadid-admits-to-the-surgery-she-had-at-14-including-a-nose-job/

[10]: https://abcnews.go.com/2020/MichaelJackson/story?id=7982236&page=1

[argroupofedu5]

A Complete Guide to Pursuing MD/MS in India

Are you considering advancing your medical career with a postgraduate degree? MD/MS in India offers incredible opportunities for students who have completed their MBBS. India has a vast array of top-quality medical colleges, and earning an MD (Doctor of Medicine) or MS (Master of Surgery) here is not only prestigious but also offers a solid foundation for a rewarding career in medicine. Let’s explore why pursuing an MD/MS in India could be the right choice for you and how to make it happen!

Why Choose MD/MS in India?

India is known for its world-class medical education and facilities. By pursuing an MD/MS in India, you will:

Access Quality Education: Indian medical universities are renowned for their rigorous curriculum, research focus, and experienced faculty. Most colleges follow the Medical Council of India (MCI) standards, ensuring that students get the best medical training available.

Benefit from Affordable Tuition: Compared to studying abroad, the cost of MD/MS in India is relatively affordable. Indian government colleges offer MD/MS programs at subsidized rates, and private colleges also offer competitive pricing. Plus, there are numerous scholarships for deserving students, making it accessible for many.

Be Ready for Competitive Exams: India’s MD/MS programs prepare students for a range of medical exams, helping them stand out on both national and international stages. These include NEET PG (National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test for Postgraduate) and the FMGE (Foreign Medical Graduates Examination), which are critical for students aspiring to practice medicine.

Work with Advanced Facilities: Indian hospitals are well-equipped with the latest medical technologies and equipment. Studying MD/MS in India means you will train in settings that mirror real-world conditions, helping you gain hands-on experience with patients, surgeries, and procedures.

Admission Process for MD/MS in India

The path to admission for MD/MS in India is competitive but achievable with the right preparation. Here are the steps:

Complete MBBS Degree: The primary requirement for MD/MS is a recognized MBBS degree. Students must have completed their undergraduate medical studies and the compulsory internship.

Qualify for NEET-PG: The National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test for Postgraduate (NEET PG) is essential for admission to MD/MS programs in India. NEET-PG assesses knowledge across various medical subjects and is a requirement for almost all medical colleges.

Application Process: After qualifying for NEET-PG, students can apply to colleges that offer MD/MS in India. This process varies based on whether the college is government-run or private. Government colleges may have state quotas, while private colleges often accept students based on merit and availability.

Counseling and Selection: After applying, students attend counseling sessions, where they can choose their preferred specialization and college based on their NEET-PG ranking.

Specializations Available for MD/MS in India

One of the most attractive aspects of an MD/MS in India is the wide range of specializations available. Here are some popular choices:

MD Specializations: General Medicine, Pediatrics, Radiology, Anesthesiology, Psychiatry, Dermatology 

MS Specializations: General Surgery, Orthopedics, ENT (Ear, Nose, Throat), Ophthalmology, Obstetrics & Gynecology

Each specialization provides students with an in-depth understanding of their chosen field, offering both theoretical knowledge and practical skills to become experts in their area.

Job Opportunities after MD/MS in India

Pursuing an MD/MS in India opens doors to a variety of career options, including:

Hospital Specialist: Many MD/MS graduates go on to work as specialists in hospitals, diagnosing and treating patients within their chosen specialization.

Surgeons and Consultants: MS graduates, particularly those specializing in surgical fields, often find roles as surgeons, consultants, or senior doctors in both public and private hospitals.

Medical Teaching and Research: MD/MS holders can also choose to teach at medical colleges, contributing to the education of future doctors. Additionally, research opportunities are abundant, enabling graduates to participate in innovative medical advancements.

Healthcare Management and Administration: Some graduates take leadership roles within hospitals or healthcare organizations, managing teams, or overseeing medical departments.

Tips to Succeed in MD/MS in India

Here are a few tips to help you excel in your journey:

Prepare for NEET-PG Thoroughly: The NEET-PG exam is tough, but with consistent preparation and a clear study plan, you can secure a high score. Focus on understanding key medical concepts, practice previous years' papers, and take mock tests.

Choose Your Specialization Wisely: Selecting the right specialization is crucial. Consider your strengths, interests, and long-term career goals. Talk to professionals in different fields to get insights.

Gain Practical Experience: Make the most of internships and residencies offered during your MD/MS program. Practical experience will improve your skills and make you more competitive in the job market.

Stay Updated with Medical Advancements: The medical field evolves rapidly, so staying informed about new research, technology, and treatments will keep you ahead in your profession.

Conclusion

Pursuing an MD/MS in India is a fantastic choice for those looking to specialize and grow in the medical field. With high-quality education, affordable tuition, and extensive career options, Indian medical colleges provide a solid foundation for future doctors and surgeons. By preparing well and choosing a suitable specialization, you’ll be well on your way to a successful medical career in India.

[themicrotiatrust]

When is ear plastic surgery performed?

Ear plastic surgery is a surgical procedure used to reshape the shape, size, and position of the ear. It improves feelings of embarrassment and self-consciousness. This surgery enhances the aesthetic appearance and provides a natural look. Ear deformities occur due to congenital conditions or injuries like severe accidents. It causes mental trauma and affects overall health. At The Microtia Trust, one can get all these ear defects corrected with Dr. Parag Telang. The center is also known for offering the best ear plastic surgery cost. 

Read in to learn when ear plastic surgery is performed: 

1. To Repair Protruding Ears: Plastic surgery is designed to repair protruding ears. It is a condition where the ear is far from the head and the facial features are imbalanced. This happens due to genetic issues. Skilled surgeons perform this surgery under local anesthesia. They move the protruding ear closer to the head and provide a symmetrical appearance. Children from the age of 5 to adults are eligible for this surgery. 

2. To Address Congenital Ear Defects: Congenital ear defects are one of the reasons to perform otoplasty. Some babies are born with an undeveloped or malformed ear, known as microtia or anotia, which is known for the absence of an ear. This procedure adds a new ear or reconstructs the ear, providing an aesthetic look. It also has functional benefits. 

3. To Improve Aesthetic Appearance: Otoplasty improves aesthetic appearance. People feel embarrassed and self-conscious due to their ear deformities. It lowers self-confidence and self-esteem. People do not interact with other people. People have difficulty wearing a mask or glasses. This procedure balances the facial features and enhances the confidence level.

4. To Fix Ear Deformities Due to Trauma: Ear reconstruction surgery improves ear deformities due to accidents, burns, or physical injuries. It causes mental trauma and affects the health of individuals. Ear cosmetic surgery also removes, adds, or repairs the cartilage of the ear, providing a symmetrical ear. It improves function and ensures a natural look.

5. To Repair Stretched or Torn Earlobes: Ear lobe repair surgery helps in repairing stretched or torn earlobes. It occurs due to the wearing of heavy earrings and gauges. It also happens due to the accidental tearing of the earlobe. It gets elongated in some cases. This procedure restores the shape of the earlobe, providing natural shape and size. 

Ear defects can be genetic or caused by accidents. If one is looking for micro ear repair or otoplasty surgery near me, they can visit The Microtia Trust in Mumbai, a center for the best ear cosmetic and reconstructive surgeries.

[spineandneurosurgeryindia]

The Journey of Healing An ENT Surgeon’s Impact in India

India is renowned globally for its highly skilled medical professionals, advanced healthcare facilities, and cost-effective treatments, making it a preferred destination for medical tourism, including ENT surgeries.

[plasticandhand]

This blog reveals the 3 most commonly asked questions about ear reconstruction surgery in Kolkata.

[bestotologydoctorinindia]

 Acoustic neuroma or vestibular schwannoma is a tumour (non-cancerous) that develops on the eight cranial nerve that leads from your inner ear to the brain.It may occur in one or both ears. Best ENT specialists in India are globally renowned for treatment of this medical condition. According to them, acoustic neuroma affects the nerves that are responsible for hearing and balance and thus causes problems like ringing in the ear or dizziness and hearing loss.

[miratiwari-7]

Best Ear Prosthesis Surgery in India

Accounts of ear prosthesis to replace a missing ear dates back to several centuries. Today, aural prostheses are being made with the highest medical grade silicone rubber with shape and color customized according to each patient. These ear prostheses can contribute to the restoration of functional, cosmetic, and psychological normalcy for many patients. Our expert ear prosthesis panel works following the industry standards to give the best ear prosthesis aesthetics to the patients.

Syndrome-induced craniofacial defects might be the result of various congenital conditions, tumor surgery, injury, or trauma. The ear and other body parts may be affected due to such conditions and surgeries. Such defects and deformities can become a reason for esthetic, functional, and psychosocial issues for the patient. Our clinics in India have advance techniques and top cosmetic surgeons for treating such conditions with expertise.

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Innovative Treatment Approaches at Orthomed Multispeciality Hospital: A Deep Dive

Orthomed: Pioneering Excellence

Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy:

Orthomed stands out as South India’s first hospital dedicated to sports medicine and arthroscopy. Dr. A. Subair Khan, the founder and Managing Director, envisioned a center where athletes and individuals with joint issues could receive specialized care.

Sports Medicine: Whether you’re a professional athlete or a weekend warrior, Orthomed’s sports medicine team provides tailored solutions. From injury prevention to rehabilitation, they optimize performance and recovery.

Arthroscopy: This minimally invasive technique allows orthopedic surgeons to visualize and treat joint conditions (e.g., torn ligaments, cartilage damage) using small incisions. Faster recovery and less pain — innovation at its best!

Pain Management:

Orthomed recognizes that pain affects quality of life. Their effective pain management services address chronic or acute pain related to orthopedic conditions.

Approaches include medication management, injections, physical therapy modalities, and alternative pain management techniques.

Focused Expertise in Joint Care and Replacements:

Orthomed Hospital is celebrated as a key player among the top orthopedic hospitals in Chennai. Their specialized approach includes:

Joint Replacements: Advanced procedures for knee, hip, and shoulder joints. Restoring mobility and relieving pain.

Arthroscopic Surgeries: Precise interventions for joint-related issues. Faster recovery and minimal scarring.

Cutting-Edge Procedures Across Specialties:

Orthomed provides comprehensive healthcare solutions:

Sonology: Advanced ultrasound diagnostics.

ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat): Comprehensive care for ENT-related issues.

Psychiatry: Mental health support.

Dermatology: Skin-related concerns.

General Surgery & Gastroenterology: Surgical interventions and digestive health management.

Meet the Expert Doctors

Dr. Appaji Krishnan (Spine Surgeon)

Dr. Ravi Chandran (Rheumatologist)

Dr. B. Vamsie Mohan (Diabetologist & General Physician)

Dr. A. Subair Khan (Orthopedics)

Dr. Fakkrudeen (Orthopedics)

Dr. Omersherif (Orthopedics)

Remember, behind every white coat is a story of dedication — a story that unfolds in the lives they touch. Whether it’s sports injuries, joint care, or pain management, Orthomed continues to innovate and transform lives.

If you have more questions or need further details, feel free to ask — I’m here to assist!

[cubicdesignzdm]

Innovative Treatment Approaches at Orthomed Multispeciality Hospital: A Deep Dive

Orthomed: Pioneering Excellence

Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy:

Orthomed stands out as South India’s first hospital dedicated to sports medicine and arthroscopy. Dr. A. Subair Khan, the founder and Managing Director, envisioned a center where athletes and individuals with joint issues could receive specialized care.

Sports Medicine: Whether you’re a professional athlete or a weekend warrior, Orthomed’s sports medicine team provides tailored solutions. From injury prevention to rehabilitation, they optimize performance and recovery.

Arthroscopy: This minimally invasive technique allows orthopedic surgeons to visualize and treat joint conditions (e.g., torn ligaments, cartilage damage) using small incisions. Faster recovery and less pain — innovation at its best!

Pain Management:

Orthomed recognizes that pain affects quality of life. Their effective pain management services address chronic or acute pain related to orthopedic conditions.

Approaches include medication management, injections, physical therapy modalities, and alternative pain management techniques.

Focused Expertise in Joint Care and Replacements:

Orthomed Hospital is celebrated as a key player among the top orthopedic hospitals in Chennai. Their specialized approach includes:

Joint Replacements: Advanced procedures for knee, hip, and shoulder joints. Restoring mobility and relieving pain.

Arthroscopic Surgeries: Precise interventions for joint-related issues. Faster recovery and minimal scarring.

Cutting-Edge Procedures Across Specialties:

Orthomed provides comprehensive healthcare solutions:

Sonology: Advanced ultrasound diagnostics.

ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat): Comprehensive care for ENT-related issues.

Psychiatry: Mental health support.

Dermatology: Skin-related concerns.

General Surgery & Gastroenterology: Surgical interventions and digestive health management.

Meet the Expert Doctors

Dr. Appaji Krishnan (Spine Surgeon)

Dr. Ravi Chandran (Rheumatologist)

Dr. B. Vamsie Mohan (Diabetologist & General Physician)

Dr. A. Subair Khan (Orthopedics)

Dr. Fakkrudeen (Orthopedics)

Dr. Omersherif (Orthopedics)

Remember, behind every white coat is a story of dedication — a story that unfolds in the lives they touch. Whether it’s sports injuries, joint care, or pain management, Orthomed continues to innovate and transform lives.

If you have more questions or need further details, feel free to ask — I’m here to assist!

[qualitysoulobject]

Best Orthopedic Hospital in Jaipur: SRK (Shri Rama Krishna) Superspeciality Hospital

When it comes to healthcare, choosing the right hospital is paramount, especially for specialized treatments like orthopedics. Jaipur, known for its rich history and vibrant culture, is also home to some of the best medical facilities in India. Among these, SRK (Shri Rama Krishna) Superspeciality Hospital stands out as a beacon of excellence in orthopedic care. Let’s delve into why SRK Superspeciality Hospital is renowned as the best orthopedic hospital in Jaipur.

Comprehensive Orthopedic Care

SRK Superspeciality Hospital offers a wide range of orthopedic services, making it a one-stop destination for all orthopedic needs. Whether it’s a sports injury, joint replacement, spinal disorders, or pediatric orthopedics, the hospital is equipped to handle all types of orthopedic cases with precision and expertise.

The backbone of SRK Superspeciality Hospital’s orthopedic department is its team of highly qualified and experienced orthopedic surgeons. These specialists are not only skilled in performing complex surgeries but also stay updated with the latest advancements in orthopedic medicine. Their commitment to providing personalized care ensures that each patient receives the best possible treatment tailored to their specific condition.

State-of-the-Art Infrastructure

SRK Superspeciality Hospital boasts state-of-the-art infrastructure, featuring advanced diagnostic and surgical equipment. The hospital’s operation theaters are equipped with the latest technology, ensuring that all procedures are performed with the utmost precision and safety. Additionally, the hospital provides comfortable and modern facilities for patients to recover post-surgery, ensuring a smooth and speedy recovery process.

Multidisciplinary Approach

At SRK Superspeciality Hospital, the orthopedic department works in close collaboration with other specialties, such as physiotherapy, pain management, and rehabilitation. This multidisciplinary approach ensures comprehensive care for patients, addressing not only the surgical aspects but also the post-operative recovery and long-term wellness.

Personalized Patient Care

Patient care at SRK Superspeciality Hospital is centered around empathy and understanding. From the moment a patient walks in, they are treated with utmost respect and compassion. The hospital’s staff is dedicated to making the patient experience as comfortable as possible, providing personalized care and support throughout the treatment journey.

Holistic Approach to Recovery

Understanding that recovery extends beyond the operating table, SRK Superspeciality Hospital places a strong emphasis on rehabilitation and physical therapy. The hospital’s rehabilitation programs are designed to help patients regain mobility and strength, ensuring they can return to their daily activities as quickly and safely as possible.

Accessibility and Convenience

Located in the heart of Jaipur, SRK Superspeciality Hospital is easily accessible for patients from all parts of the city and beyond. The hospital’s well-designed layout and patient-friendly services ensure that visitors have a hassle-free experience from consultation to treatment and follow-up care.

Other Specialties at SRK Superspeciality Hospital

While SRK Superspeciality Hospital is renowned for its orthopedic care, it also excels in other medical specialties. The hospital is home to expert urologists, eye specialists, and ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat) doctors, providing a comprehensive range of healthcare services under one roof. This multi-specialty approach ensures that patients receive holistic care for various medical conditions, all within the same trusted facility.

Conclusion

Choosing the best orthopedic hospital in Jaipur can significantly impact your health and recovery. SRK (Shri Rama Krishna) Superspeciality Hospital stands out as a premier choice for orthopedic care, thanks to its expert team, advanced facilities, and patient-centric approach. Whether you’re dealing with a minor injury or require complex surgery, SRK Superspeciality Hospital is dedicated to providing the highest standard of orthopedic care in Jaipur.

For more information or to book an appointment, visit SRK Superspeciality Hospital and experience the best in orthopedic care in Jaipur.