#december 28th 1939

[chaplinfortheages]

Charlie and Paulette attend Hollywood premiere of “Gone With The Wind” Fox’s Carthay Circle Theater December 28th 1939.

Paulette Goddard screen tested as did practically every actress in Hollywood for the coveted role of Scarlet.

Charlie was in the middle of production of “The Great Dictator” hence the dark hair.

[maximumwobblerbanditdonut]

Maggie Smith, Oscar-winning star of stage and screen, dies aged 89 💔

Dame Maggie Smith, the masterful, scene-stealing actor who won an Oscar for the 1969 film “The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie” and gained new fans in the 21st century as the dowager Countess of Grantham in “ Downton Abbey” and Professor Minerva McGonagall in the Harry Potter films, died early Friday in a London hospital.

Margaret Natalie Smith was born in Ilford, on the eastern edge of London, on 28th December 1934. Her father was assigned in 1939 to wartime duty in Oxford, where her theatre studies at the Oxford Playhouse School led to a busy apprenticeship.

One of Smith’s most iconic early roles was as Desdemona in Shakespeare's Othello. Laurence Olivier spotted her talent, invited her to be part of his original National Theatre company and cast her as his co-star in a 1965 film adaptation of “Othello.”

Laurence Olivier offered Smith the part opposite his Othello

Smith was frequently rated the preeminent British female performer of a generation with two Oscars, a clutch of Academy Award nominations and a shelf full of acting trophies.

The role that brought Smith international fame came in 1969 when she played the determined non-conformist teacher in the title role of The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie.

The role of Jean Brodie, alongside future husband Robert Stephens, won her an Oscar

The film was adapted from the 1961 novel by Muriel Spark, set in 1930s Edinburgh, and the character was based on the author's inspirational teacher.

"Jean Brodie," in which she played a dangerously charismatic Edinburgh schoolteacher, brought her the Academy Award for best actress, and the British Academy Film Award (BAFTA) as well.

Maggie Smith won critical acclaim for her role as Betsey Trotwood in a BBC adaptation of David Copperfield at the turn of the century. The part also brought her Bafta and Emmy nominations.

She appeared with a young Daniel Radcliffe in David Copperfield.

She starred alongside a young Daniel Radcliffe, who she would later act with again in the Harry Potter films.

In 2001, she took on the role of Professor Minerva McGonagall in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone.

Dame Magie Smith is known to millions as Professor Minerva McGonagall from Harry Potter. Dame Maggie was reportedly the only actor JK Rowling specifically asked to star in the films.

In 2007, while working on Harry Potter and The Half-Blood Prince, Dame Maggie was diagnosed with breast cancer but continued filming. She was given the all-clear after two years of treatment.

From 2010, she was the acid-tongued Violet Crawley, Dowager Countess of Grantham, in the hit TV period drama “ Downton Abbey,” a role that won her legions of fans, three Emmy Awards, a Golden Globe and a host of other awards nominations.

Downton Abbey - Violet Crawley - The period ITV drama ran from 2001 to 2015, followed by two films

One of Smith's most famous later roles was as a homeless woman in The Lady In The Van, as Miss Shepherd, a redoubtable woman who lived for years in her vehicle on Bennett’s London driveway.

Smith first played Miss Shepherd on stage in 1999 and earned an Olivier nomination for Best Actress

Smith added a supporting actress Oscar for “California Suite” in 1978, Golden Globes for “California Suite” and “A Room with a View,” and BAFTAs for lead actress in “A Private Function” in 1984, “A Room with a View” in 1986, and “The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne” in 1988.

She also received Academy Award nominations as a supporting actress in “Othello,” “Travels with My Aunt,” “Room with a View” and “Gosford Park,” and a BAFTA award for supporting actress in “Tea with Mussolini.” On stage, she won a Tony in 1990 for “Lettice and Lovage.”

She was one of a select group of actors to win the treble of big US awards, with two Oscars, four Emmys and a Tony - as well as seven Baftas and an honorary Olivier Award in the UK 🇬🇧

Maggie Smith was made a Dame Commander of the British Empire 🏅 the equivalent of a knight, in 1990.

She will never be forgotten & her characters will continue on, for future generations to love 💫 🎭

RIP Maggie Smith 1934-2024 🥀 🖤

#DameMaggieSmith #Oscar-winning #star #film #ThePrimeofMissJeanBrodie #DowntonAbbey #CountessofGrantham #VioletCrawley #BAFTA #HarryPotter #ProfessorMinervaMcGonagall TheLadyInTheVan #MissShepherd #GoldenGlobe #Gettyimages

Posted 27th September 2024

[usafphantom2]

#onthisday in 1941 the B-17E Flying Fortress flew for the first time. This featured an increase in armament over previous variants.

@classicwarbirds via X

Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress | Classic Warbirds

Responding to the specification released by the United States Army in May 1934 calling for a multi-engined bomber that was able to carry a bomb load of 2,000lb between 1,020 and 2,200 miles, at a speed of 200 - 250 mph, with a deadline of August 1935 for a prototype of the aircraft to be ready for testing. Boeing submitted their Model 299, which would be powered by four engines. Design of the aircraft began midway through June 1934, and just over a year later, on the 16th July 1935 at Boeing Field, the aircraft was introduced to the press, with the headlines the next day proclaiming a '15-ton Flying Fortress' leading to Boeing registering it as the Model 299 name.

Twelve days later on the 28th July 1935 the B-17 made its first flight, before being flown to Wright Field for testing and evaluation a few weeks later. By making this flight the B-17 met two objectives of the United States Army specification, firstly the journey was 2,100 miles long and was done at an average speed of 252 mph. The prototype comprised armament of five machine guns and could carry more than double the required bomb load of 2,000lb with a 4,800lb maximum load and was powered by four 750-hp Pratt & Whitney R-1690 radial engines. However during testing a setback occurred on the 30th October 1935, when the prototype crashed on take-off, an investigation was to later conclude that the controls had been locked when take-off was attempted. Despite this setback the United States Army Air Corps ordered thirteen YB-17s, later to be called Y1B-17s, as a result of the successful testing before the accident.

The 2nd December 1936 saw the first Y1B-17 fly, with a few improvements compared to the prototype, the aircraft would now be powered by 930-hp Wright GR-1820-39 Cyclone radials and could accommodate nine crew members. The USAAC's 2nd Bombardment Group based at Langley Field received twelve aircraft during the first eight months of 1937. The other Y1B-17 of the thirteen originally ordered was sent for further testing at Wright Field. A fourteenth example had also been built for testing the strength of the airframe but was later fitted with 1,000-hp engines with turbochargers. After initial problems, it finally flew on the 29th April 1938, with an improvement on its maximum altitude and speed. As this new version was the first variant to enter operational service it was designated the B-17A. Following shortly after was the B-17B, which, whilst almost identical to the B-17A, featured a larger rudder. This first flew on the 27th June 1939 and just over a year later, on the 21st July 1940, the new B-17C flew with 1,200-hp engines.

It was with the Royal Air Force that the B-17 was to first experience combat during the Second World War (1939 - 1945) when No. 90 Squadron, which reformed on the 7th May 1941 at RAF Watton, received the B-17C, designated Fortress I that same month. On the 8th July 1941 they took part in their first RAF raid against the naval barracks at Wilhelmshaven, Germany, however, bombing from 30,000 ft they failed to hit the target. Over the next two months another 26 attacks were made on various German targets, and with eight Fortress Is lost due to combat or accidents the Fortress I proved unsatisfactory for use by Bomber Command for daylight bombing. The remaining Fortress Is were transferred to Coastal Command. As a result of the poor performance of the B-17 over Europe a number of areas where the aircraft could be improved were found, these included more defensive armament to combat attacks from German fighters and a higher service celling. By the end of 1941, the United States was drawn into the Second World War after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on the 7th December 1941.

The introduction of the B-17D, with additional armour and self-sealing tanks, and the B-17E, which flew for the first time on the 5th September 1941. The United States Army Air Force first raid over Europe was on the 17th August 1942, when twelve B-17Es escorted by Supermarine Spitfires of the Royal Air Force attacked the marshalling yards at Rouen in France, only two aircraft sustained minor damage and the mission was a success.

Flying for the first time on the 30th May 1942, the B-17F featured a redesigned nose, more armour and increased fuel capacity. Along with the B-17E it would be the Flying Fortress versions most extensively used by the Eighth Air Force. However mounting losses during the daylight raids were to show that the Flying Fortress either on its own or flying in formation could not defend themselves. Although the B-17G appeared with a gun turret in the nose section to limit the aircraft's vulnerability to head on attacks, daylight raids deep into Germany saw heavy losses. The introduction of the North American P-51 Mustang and Republic P-47 Thunderbolt equipped with external fuel tanks saw losses reduced.

The Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress was used wherever US forces were. In the Pacific theatre of war they were used for close-support bombing, patrol and reconnaissance. A few B-17's were produced for special operations and purposes and despite production totalling 12,731, only a few hundred would stay in service at the conclusion of the Second World War.

Technical Details

Click on the aircraft image to view a larger version.

Top Speed Range Service Ceiling Armament

B-17A 295 mph 3,600 miles 38,000 ft five 0.30-in machine-guns

eight 600lb bombs

B-17B 292 mph 3,600 miles 36,000 ft six 0.50-in machine-guns

one 0.30-in machine-gun

four 1,100lb bombs

B-17C 323 mph 3,400 miles 37,000 ft five 0.50-in machine-guns

one 0.30-in machine-gun

4,800lb bombs

B-17D 323 mph 3,400 miles 37,000 ft five 0.50-in machine-guns

one 0.30-in machine-gun

4,800lb bombs

B-17E 317 mph 3,200 miles 36,000 ft eight 0.50-in machine-guns

one 0.30-in machine-gun

4,200lb bombs

B-17E side profile image

B-17F 325 mph 2,800 miles 37,500 ft eleven 0.50-in machine-guns

8,000lb bombs

B-17G 302 mph 3,400 miles 35,600 ft twelve 0.50-in machine-guns

8,000lb bombs

B-17G side profile image

XB-38 Sole B-17E tested with a Allison V-1710V engine.

YB-40 292 mph 2,260 miles 29,200 ft at least fourteen 0.50-in machine-guns

C-108 Four aircraft converted and used as cargo carriers and V.I.P transport.

F-9 Designation for a number of B-17s converted into photo reconnaissance aircraft.

BQ-7 Aphrodite B-17s converted into drones.

PB-1 Designation given to B-17s used by the United States Navy.

[history-matters]

Yuliy Vorontsov was born in 1929 into the family of a military sailor. Russian. In 1939, Yuli Mikhailovich’s father, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Vorontsov, was appointed naval attaché in Berlin. His wife and son joined him in 1940. A month before the start of the Great Patriotic War, Mikhail Vorontsov sent his family home on vacation, as he knew the date of Germany’s attack on the USSR. Admiral Vorontsov's reports were reported to Stalin twice - in May and June 1941. But both times they were put aside. M.A. Vorontsov himself crossed the border on June 20, two days before the start of the war. Yuliy is a MGIMO cadre. In 1954–1958 he worked as an attaché at the Permanent Mission of the USSR to the UN in New York. In 1963-1965, he was an adviser at the Permanent Mission of the USSR to the UN, and participated in the Geneva negotiations on disarmament and the cessation of nuclear tests. He was there, when Yuri Nosenko defected to the CIA in Geneva in 1964. In 1966-1970 - adviser, in 1970-1977 - minister-counselor of the USSR Embassy in the USA. He kept a record of Svetlana Alliluyeva after her arrival in the USA. From December 1977 to January 1983 - Ambassador of the USSR to India.

(Editor-in-chief "Pravda" 1983-1984, appointed by the member of Politburo, 2nd Secretary of Central Committee Gregory Romanov. Career under General Secretary Romanov: First Deputy Chairman of Council of Ministers of the USSR, Minister of the Foreign Affairs of the USSR 1984-1986. He was elevated in Politburo on 28th Congress of the CPSU in 1986. He handed over minister's post to Aleksandr Piradov. Vorontsov retained his post as 1st deputy of the chairman of CM of the USSR, and was overseeing Foreign policy and Soviet intelligence apparatus in 1986-1998. He accompanied Romanov in China and Canada in 1988. Under his tenure presence of the Soviet troops in East Thrace had expanded. Trustee of Nicholas Roerich Museum in New York City since 1990).

Soviet ambassador to France 1983-1986. In 1986 he became First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR. With this rank, he headed the Soviet embassy in Afghanistan (October 14, 1988 - September 15, 1989). In 1988 he held meeting with one of the mujaheed leaders Burhanuddin Rabbani in Saudi Arabia. At the meeting, he decided on the key issue of this war - the leaders of the Mujahideens gave guarantees for the safe withdrawal of Soviet troops, which did not proceed as smoothly as it was drawn on the maps and drawn up in the directives. The process had its supporters, as well as the opponents. Both in the USSR and in Afghanistan. Vorontsov was a staunch supporter of this conclusion. However, his immediate superior, the then Minister of Foreign Affairs E.A. Shevardnadze, took a different position. In November 1988, at the insistence of Najibullah, he secured a suspension of the withdrawal. The USSR stayed in Kabul for two more months. Vorontsov managed to resume the process of withdrawal and complete it within the time frame stipulated by the Geneva agreements. Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to the UN and the UN Security Council (1990 - July 23, 1994). Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Russia to the USA (July 23, 1994 - December 16, 1998).

[legends-of-time]

The Strength of a High and Noble Hill (Outlander Story) Timeline - 19th and 20th Centuries

Thought I would a timeline here as my timeline is a mix of my own stuff and the show/books. This will be getting updated as I go along. This is also for our own sanity to look back at. Advice is not to read if not up to date with current story as spoilers. Been split into two.

Masterlist

(17th and 18th Centuries)

4 March 1889 to 4 March 1893 - Benjamin Harrison as 23rd US President

1891 - Julia Moriston is born

4 March 1893 to 4 March 1901 - Grover Cleveland as 24th US President and William McKinley as 25th US President

22 January 1901 - Queen Victoria dies and her son succeeds her as Edward VII, King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India

14 September 1901 to 4 March 1909 - Theodore Roosevelt as 26th US President

1906 - Frank Randall is born

4 March 1909 to 4 March 1913 - William Howard Taft as 27th US President

6 May 1910 - King Edward VII dies and his son succeeds him as George V, King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India

4 March 1913 to 4 March 1921 - Woodrow Wilson as 28th US President

4 August 1914 - WWI begins

20 October 1918 - Claire Elizabeth Beauchamp is born (Julia/Henry)

11 November 1918 - WWI ends

1921 - Jeremiah Walter MacKenzie is born

4 March 1921 to 2 August 1923 - Warren G. Harding as 29th US President

1923 - Claire’s parents Julia Moriston and Henry Montmorency Beauchamp die in a car crash 

2 August 1923 to 12 April 1945 - Calvin Coolidge as 30th US President, Herbert Hoover as 31st US President and Franklin D. Roosevelt as 32nd US President

1936 - On 20 January George V dies and his son succeeds him as Edward VIII, King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India. Then on 11 December Edward VIII abdicates and his brother succeeds him as George VI, King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India

1937 - Claire Beauchamp marries Frank Randall

1 September 1939 - WWII begins and Claire becomes a field nurse and Frank works for the British secret service

1941 - Roger Jeremiah Wakefield MacKenzie is born (Jeremiah/Marjorie) and Jeremiah goes MIA

3 March 1943 - Jeremiah and Marjorie MacKenzie die in the war and Roger is adopted by Reverend Wakefield

12 April 1945 to 20 January 1961 - Harry S. Truman as 33rd US President and Dwight D. Eisenhower as 34th US President

8 May 1945 - WWII ends in Europe

May 1945 - Claire travels through the stones at Craigh na Dun to 1743

2 September 1945 - WWII ends in the Pacific

16 April 1948 - Brian almost 2 arrives in future with Claire (2 months pregnant) through the stones at Craigh na Dun

After April 1948 - Move to Boston US

23 November 1948 - Ellen Julia Randall is born

6 February 1952 - George VI dies and his daughter succeeds him as Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms

1957 - Ellen almost gets hit by a car

1958 - Brian sees painting of his grandmother in National Gallery in London and Claire graduates from medical school

20 January 1961 to 22 November 1963 - John F. Kennedy as 35th US President

June 1961 - Brian’s first kiss at end of grade 9 school dance with David Mills

22 November 1963 to 20 January 1969 - Lyndon B. Johnson as 36th US President

1964 - Vietnam War develops into full scale war with American involvement

September 1964 - Brian attends Boston University to do journalism

December 1964 - First nationwide protests against Vietnam War - Brian attends one in Bosto

August, 1965 - President Johnson signs a law making it a federal crime to destroy or mutilate [draft] cards.

15 October 1965 - David Miller publicly burns his draft card, becoming the first person to be prosecuted under that law and a symbol of the growing movement against the war.

November 1965 - Brian joins his friends in burning draft cards - gets into trouble but Frank gets him out of it

January 1966 - Frank dies

March 1966 - Second “Days of Protest” - Brian attends demonstrations in Boston

September 1966 - Ellen attends Harvard University to do history

August 1967 - Brian graduates and begins working at the Boston Globe

1968 - Tet Offensive has multiple phases from January to September

April 1968 - Brian, Ellen and Claire arrive in Scotland for Rev Wakefield's funeral and meet Roger - learns the truth

1 May 1968 - Gillian Edgars/Geillis Duncan travels through the stones at Craigh na Dun to 1733

Summer 1968 - Roger comes with the news that he’s found Jamie

November 1968 - Ellen switches majors to mechanical engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Claire goes through stones at Craigh na Dun to 1766

20 January 1969 to 9 August 1974 - Richard Nixon as 37th US President

July 1969 - Brian, Ellen and Roger attend Celtic Festival and watch moon landing

December 1969 - Brian and Ellen spend Christmas in Scotland

Spring 1971 - Ellen graduates

May 1971 - Brian and Ellen find the news clipping of Claire and Jamie dying and go through stones at Craigh na Dun

June 1971 - Roger travels through the stones at Craigh na Dun

[sandyhookhistory]

~ Fallen Flyers ~

Good evening, everyone. We have a very tragic WWII Anniversary to discuss tonight.

Eighty Years Ago, Today - (Tue) December 28th, 1943, near Douglas, Arizona:

As WWII rages, the ranks of the US Military swell by tens of thousands. Time is short, and the training is hard, fast and tough across the nation.As Allied victories begin to mount up, the time tables accelerate, and more and more troops are needed on the front as soon as possible.

At an unspecified (at this time) Army Air Field (AAF), either Douglas AAF or Hereford, AAF, a routine training flight is about to take off. 2nd Lieutenant Douglas McDow, US Army Air Forces, a 30-year old native of California, is about to take up 26-year old Flight Cadet Clarence A. Thompson, also of California.

Their mount is a UC-78 “Bobcat,” a military incarnation of the successful, twin-engine Cessna “T-50,” which first flew in 1939. The plane, a five seater covered in fabric, is quite suited to the task as a preliminary military trainer.

The two men climb aboard, and after a successful pre-check, the little plane leaves the runway, climbs into the sky… and vanishes without a trace. Searches prove futile, and the two aviators become another tragic ghost story of WWII.

We’ll never know what happened for sure, but what we do know is that hikers in the Pinelao Mountains come across the shattered wreckage of an aircraft… in April, 1974 - 31 years later. Recovery crews are able to ascertain it is the missing Bobcat, found some 90 miles north of where she took off on that fateful training mission.

Recovery personnel also find the remains of the two US Army Flyers. After being missing for three decades, the men are recovered, and are laid to rest, sharing a grave in San Francisco National Cemetery, overlooking San Francisco Bay from Fort Winfield Scott, the Presidio of California.

Today, we pause to remember 2nd Lt. Douglas McDow and Flight Cadet Clarence Thompson.

Your legacy and memory are safe here, and in the hearts of a grateful nation.

Be Thou At Peace.

🇺🇲🇺🇲 ** Please Like & Follow "Sandy Hook History" on Facebook & Instagram for more amazing maritime and military histories of the Garden State and New York Harbor as well as a day by day review of the 80th Anniversary of the Battle Of The Atlantic and World War 2** 🇺🇲🇺🇲

#visitmonmouth #newjerseybuzz #thejournalnj #locallivingnj #journeythroughjersey #centraljerseyexists #discovernj #yesnj #newjerseyhistory #newjerseyforyou #sandyhookbeach #sandyhooknj #sandyhookhistory #forthancockhistory #forthancock #douglasmcdow #clarencethompson #usarmyairforce #armyairforce #missingaircrew #mountgraham #pinalenomountains #douglasarizona #cessnat50 #homefront #uc78 #sanfrancisconationalcemetery #honorourfallen #warathome #bethouatpeace

[wikiuntamed]

On this day in Wikipedia: Thursday, 31st August

Welcome, Benvenuto, Willkommen, Selam 🤗 What does @Wikipedia say about 31st August through the years 🏛️📜🗓️?

31st August 2021 🗓️ : Death - Mahal (actress) Mahal, Filipino comedian and actress (b. 1974) "Noemi Tesorero (December 29, 1974 – August 31, 2021), known professionally as Mahal, was a Filipino actress, comedian and vlogger. Noted for her childlike roles, she had dwarfism and a giggly personality...."

31st August 2018 🗓️ : Death - Carole Shelley Carole Shelley, British-American actress (b. 1939) "Carole Augusta Shelley (16 August 1939 – 31 August 2018) was an English actress who made her career in the United States and United Kingdom. Her many stage roles included Gwendolyn Pigeon in The Odd Couple and Madame Morrible in the original Broadway cast of the musical Wicked. She won the Tony..."

Image by Photographer-Henry Grossman

31st August 2013 🗓️ : Death - Jan Camiel Willems Jan Camiel Willems, Belgian mathematician and theorist (b. 1939) "Jan Camiel Willems (18 September 1939 – 31 August 2013) was a Belgian mathematical system theorist who has done most of his scientific work while residing in the Netherlands and the United States. He is most noted for the introduction of the notion of a dissipative system and for the development of..."

31st August 1973 🗓️ : Death - John Ford John Ford, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1894) "John Martin Feeney (February 1, 1894 – August 31, 1973), known professionally as John Ford, was an American film director. He was one of the most important and influential filmmakers of his generation. Ford made frequent use of location shooting and wide shots, in which his characters were framed..."

Image by Los Angeles Daily News

31st August 1921 🗓️ : Birth - Raymond Williams Raymond Williams, Welsh author and academic (d. 1988) "Raymond Henry Williams (31 August 1921 – 26 January 1988) was a Welsh socialist writer, academic, novelist and critic influential within the New Left and in wider culture. His writings on politics, culture, the media and literature contributed to the Marxist critique of culture and the arts. Some..."

Image by GwydionM

31st August 1823 🗓️ : Birth - Galusha A. Grow Galusha A. Grow, American lawyer and politician, 28th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1907) "Galusha Aaron Grow (August 31, 1823 – March 31, 1907) was an American politician, lawyer, writer and businessman, who served as 24th Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1861 to 1863. Elected as a Democrat in the 1850 congressional elections, he switched to the newly organized..."

Image by Matthew Brady and Levin Corbin Handy

31st August 🗓️ : Holiday - Christian feast day: Paulinus of Trier "Saint Paulinus of Trier (died 358) was bishop of Trier and a supporter of Athanasius in the conflict with Arianism. At the Synod of Arles (353) he was targeted by the Arians, and was exiled to Phrygia, being effectively singled out by the Emperor Constantius II. He died in exile five years later,..."

Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0? by Stefan Kühn

[greatworldwar2]

• Arthur Chin (CNAF U.S Ace)

Arthur Tien Chin; Cantonese: Chan Sui-Tin; was a pilot from the United States who participated in the Second Sino-Japanese War. Chin was compelled to defend his father's homeland when Japan invaded China. Chin is recognized as the United States' first flying ace in World War II.

Chin was born in Portland, Oregon on October 23rd, 1913 to Fon Chin, who was from Taishan, China, and Eva Wong, who may have been of Peruvian background. Motivated by the Japanese invasion of China, Chin enrolled in flight school (at the Chinese Flying Club of Portland) in 1932, and along with 13 other Chinese Americans including John "Buffalo" Huang Xinrui and Hazel Ying Lee. He left for China and joined the Canton Provincial Air Force under General Chen Jitang as the first and original group of American volunteer combat aviators, and from there was sent to additional aerial-gunnery training with the Luftwaffe at Lagerlechfeld, Germany; returning to China to see the Guangdong Provincial Air Force integrated into the central government's air force under the KMT.

The Japanese Empire was on the march in Asia, and its annexation of Manchuria in 1932 simply confirmed the suspicions of many about Japan’s designs on China. Determined to save their ancestral homeland and buoyed by the best wishes of their neighbors and friends, Chin and eleven other young Chinese-Americans set forth in 1933 to volunteer to fly for the Chinese Air Force. They ran into a brick wall, figuratively speaking. Unfortunately, the central government was not interested in their services. Although details aren’t available, it seems likely that this was a case of the bureaucracy facing a situation without precedent or instructions and being unwilling to make a decision. Although China was seeking help from abroad it hadn’t solicited this particular assistance from these particular people. Added to this was their status as Overseas Chinese, which, to many, implied suspicious links to foreign powers. Japan was just one of several forces vying for power in China at that time. The 1911 Revolution that signaled the end of the Qing Dynasty had not led to the firm establishment of a successor regime and, despite high hopes for Sun Yat-sen’s Republic, China had fragmented into a patchwork of chiefdoms headed by warlords. By 1930, Sun’s party, the Kuomintang (KMT by then under Chiang Kai-shek) had suppressed most of these warlords and established a central government widely recognized internationally, but many provinces offered only token allegiance and groups such as Mao Tse-tung’s Communists still remained to be dealt with. Oddly, this situation gave Chin and most of his colleagues a “back door” into the air force. By the early ’30s there had been something on the order of sixteen separate air forces in China, ranging in size from one or two airplanes to a nominal strength of several hundred.

Perhaps because of their Cantonese ancestry, most of the Americans who were finally accepted started out flying for the Canton Air Corps of Guangdong. This was the largest and best-equipped of the provincial air arms, serving as “top cover” for Chen Chidang, the de-facto warlord of Guangdong. Art was one of these, being accepted as a Warrant Probationary Pilot on December 1st, 1933. In stark contrast to the pilots of the later American Volunteer Group (that was formed eight years later and existed for less than one year), who were paid $500 a month, their pay was equivalent to $25 US per month. Chin “enlisted” in the national air force during the summer of 1936. In a bid for power, Chen Chidang revolted against Chiang Kai-shek that May. Perhaps motivated by the sense that China needed unity in order to face the threat from Japan, in June and July of 1936 the Canton Air Corps defected as a group to the central (KMT) air force (the role in this of American pilots such as Chin is not clear, but they don’t appear to have been the instigators). This was more than simply a shuffle of allegiances: Cantonese pilots actually flew all of their planes to KMT airfields. At a stroke the national air force was substantially augmented, and, as might be expected, the revolt fizzled. After being sent to Germany for advanced training, Chin flew as a flight leader with the 6th Squadron and then from February until June, 1937, as an instructor. That month he was assigned to the 28th Pursuit Squadron, 5th Pursuit Group, as Vice Squadron Commander under another American, Captain Chan Kee-Wong.

Life in China wasn’t all preparation for war. Handsome and outgoing, Art sported a classically pencil-thin mustache and smoked a pipe. Reputedly one of his few social impediments was speaking Cantonese with a pronounced American accent, but he had enough charm to overcome that. He developed a reputation as something of a ladies’ man, one that would follow him the rest of his life. Nevertheless, about this time he met and married a Sumatra-born ethnic Chinese named Eva Wu (Ng Yue-ying in Cantonese). Meanwhile, friction with Japan’s Kwantung Army escalated into open war on July 7th, 1937. On August 10th the 17th and 28th Pursuit Squadrons were stationed at Chuyung Airfield near Nanking, capital of the central government. The 17th was commanded by still another American, John Wong, and was equipped with the export version of the Boeing P-26 “Peashooter,” the Boeing 281. Although it was an all-metal monoplane, the P-26/Model 281 was a transitional design and retained many old-fashioned features. On August 13th Japanese forces attacked Shanghai and began their drive inland to the capital. Chin made his first kill, a Mitsubishi G3M2 twin-engine bomber, on August 16. It was a difficult combat for him for a number of reasons, not the least of which was that his fighter wasn’t much faster than the bomber. Chin recalled that once he was in firing position he was virtually a stationary target for the bomber’s gunners. This combat highlights the rapid pace of aeronautical development during the 1930s. The 28th PS detached a flight to defend the Shaokwan Aircraft Factory in Canton Province, and Chin was selected to command it. On September 27th, 1937 his flight and one from the 29th (they being mounted on retractable-gear Hawk III’s) intercepted three G3M2s. Chin didn’t claim a kill, but Japanese records show that one bomber was forced to ditch on the way back to its base and evidence suggests that he was responsible for the major part of its damage. The following month China obtained 36 Gladiator Mk. I’s from Britain. The 17th, 28th, and 29th Pursuit Squadrons were re-equipped with this type and worked up on it during January and February, 1938. Chin went on to score most of his kills while flying this type of aircraft, but on the flip side crashed three of them. The only loss that can be chalked up as an accident occurred on February 9th, 1938. While leading a flight to Nanchang he ran into a snowstorm. In June Chin was appointed to command the 28th squadron and promoted to Captain.

On August 3rd, Chin is reported to have engaged three Japanese Mitsubishi A5M fighters by himself. Chin “deliberately rammed the Jap leader as he came in for the kill. Both planes burst into flame but Art hit the silk safely. He was wounded and slightly burned, yet when we found him he was directing the salvage of the precious machine guns from his wrecked plane.” Although exaggerated somewhat, the basic outline of this story appears to be accurate. In October, 1938, the surviving Gladiators were withdrawn for overhaul and the 28th Pursuit re-equipped with still another biplane, the Russian Polikarpov I-15Bis (or I-152). Decimated by accidents and enemy action, the Chinese air force had declined to a fraction of its former strength despite an infusion of Russian aircraft and reinforcement by Russian “volunteers” that had begun as early as the autumn of 1937. On December 20th, 1938, Chin was appointed Deputy Commander of the 3rd Pursuit Group.xxvii It appears that, like the rest of his comrades in the 28th, Chin qualified in the Russian fighters but he didn’t claim any victories while flying them. On November 2nd, 1939, Chin and a wingman attacked a Mitsubishi Ki-15 reconnaissance aircraft because of its speed considered by the Japanese to be virtually immune to interception by Chinese fighters but didn’t down it. Chin combat career ended in a suitably climactic fashion on December 27th, 1939. On this date he led a mixed formation consisting of an I-15Bis and another Gladiator escorting three Russian-flown SB bombers on a raid against the Japanese Army in the vicinity of the Kunlun Pass. After a savage fight during which Chin's flight fell one by one but appear to have shot down two Japanese fighters and damaged a third in return (personal credit for the kills is not certain), Chin’s Gladiator was hit in the fuel tank and caught fire. He nursed his flying inferno back over Chinese lines and bailed out, but was terribly burned. The sacrifice was not in vain; all three bombers got through. After the bloody fight, KMT forces regained Kunlun Pass. While recovering from his burns Chin stayed with his family in a small house on Liuchow Airfield and was nursed by Eva. Unfortunately, only two days after Art’s return, the airfield came under attack by Japanese bombers. Eva took the children to the air-raid shelter first and went back for Chin, who was virtually immobilized by the bandages. Too late to run, Eva threw herself on top of Chin and was killed by shrapnel when the next explosion destroyed the house. During an interview many years later Chin said simply “I held her dead body to mine until help came.”

Hong Kong, then a British colony, was neutral at that time. Chin and his children were evacuated there where, in seven operations over two years, doctors at the Hong Kong Sanitarium in Happy Valley tried to repair the damage to his face and hands. In the chaos following the Japanese attack on December 8th, 1941, (still swathed in bandages) Chin got out of his hospital bed, tracked down his boys whose caregivers had either abandoned them or been killed – and managed to escape back across enemy lines to friendly territory. Finally, friends such as Chennault and Madame Chiang Kai-Shek (Soong Mei-Ling, wife of the Nationalist Chinese Generalissimo) persuaded Chin to return to the States for treatment. As commanding officer of the “1st American Volunteer Group,” Chennault drafted a letter dated June 10th, 1942, requesting US air transportation for Chin. At a hospital in New York, Chin suffered a series of twenty operations over a period of twenty months to rebuild his face and hands, leaving him heavily scarred but reasonably whole. Clearly, Chin had “done his bit” and no one could blame him if he had decided to rest on his laurels, retire to a quieter line of work, and hide his scarred face from the world, but that wasn’t Chin's desire. He spoke at war bond rallies and on radio broadcasts with such celebrities as movie star George Raft. A particularly notable event was the “Gung Ho” War Bond rally in New York, which was sponsored by Chinese-American community and attended by dignitaries including Mayor LaGuardia. Finally in 1945, Chin returned to duty as a transport pilot with the China National Aviation Corporation (CNAC). He qualified for a Second class medical on March 28th, 1945.

During the final stage of China-Japanese war, he flew supplies over the “Hump” route through the Himalayas from India into China. This was not soft duty. A former commander of USAAF portion of the airlift, Lt. Gen. William Tunner, later wrote that “flying the Hump was considered as hazardous as flying a combat mission over Germany.” At the end of the war Art stayed on in China to fly with CNAC, by then as a fully qualified airline captain. Captain Chin was certified as an Authorized Check Pilot for the airline on October 15th, 1947. In 1949 Art returned to Oregon. He seems to have sought work as a pilot, as suggested by his getting a second-class commercial medical on September 20th, 1950, but was apparently unsuccessful. He did land a job with the postal service, and worked there until retirement. Not long before his death Chin was asked by a newspaper reporter why he had gone. His response was “China called me.” Chin is recognized as America's first ace in World War II. A half-century after the war ended, the U.S. government recognized Chin as an American veteran by awarding him the Distinguished Flying Cross and Air Medal. About a month after Chin died, on October 4th, 1997, he was inducted into the Hall of Fame of the American Airpower Heritage Museum in Midland, Texas as the first American ace of World War II. Chin died on September 3rd in 1997, he was 83 years old.

[usafphantom2]

#onthisday in 1937 the Grumman F4F Wildcat prototype made its first flight. Known as the XF4F-2 it was powered by a 1,050-hp Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp engine.

@classicwarbirds via Twitter

Grumman F4F Wildcat

During 1936 the United States Navy required a new carrier-based fighter and despite ordering a prototype of Brewster's Model 39, designated XF2A-1, which would become the first monoplane fighter of the USN, a prototype of Grumman's biplane was ordered, designated XF4F-1. However this prototype was cancelled after a earlier Grumman F3F biplane was performing almost at the level predicted for the XF4F-1 and Brewster's design was showing good promise. Instead the USN ordered a monoplane prototype from Grumman on the 28th July 1936, designated XF4F-2.

The XF4F-2 with a 1,050-hp Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp engine flew on the 2nd September 1937, with a maximum speed of 290 mph and despite proving to be faster then Brewster's aircraft, it wasn't as good in other areas and on the 11th June 1938 Brewster's XF2A-1 went into production, known as the Brewster F2A Buffalo. However instead of scrapping Grumman's aircraft it was returned to Grumman and further development was ordered.

A new designation of XF4F-3 was given to the aircraft and with a more powerful Twin Wasp engine, featuring a two-stage supercharger, and other modifications including a bigger wingspan, the aircraft flew in March 1939. These changes were found to have improved the aircraft's performance, and before the test programme had ended a second prototype with further changes had been tested and achieved a maximum speed of 335 mph. As a result on the 8th August 1939 the United States Navy ordered 78 production aircraft.

With the gathering storm clouds in Europe, Grumman offered their new aircraft to other nations, and received orders from both the French and Greek Governments. Powered by a 1,000-hp Wright R-1820 radial engine, these first Wildcats were to serve with the French Navy, but due to the fall of France by this time, the British Purchasing Commission took over the order and asked for a small increase in the amount of aircraft to be supplied. This aircraft was named by the British as the Martlet I. Serving with the Fleet Air Arm, first equipping No. 804 Naval Air Squadron who would score the types first aerial victory on the 25th December 1940. Shooting down a Junkers Ju 88 over Scapa Flow. This meant No. 804 Naval Air Squadron were the first to use a US built fighter serving with the British services to shoot down a German aircraft during the Second World War (1939 - 1945).

Over 1,000 Martlets, as it was known until 1944 when it was changed back to its original name of Wildcat, served with the Fleet Air Arm throughout the Second World War. During March 1945 the Grumman F4F Wildcat would score its last victories whilst with the Fleet Air Arm, when four Messerschmitt Bf 109s were shot down by a number of Grumman Wildcats.

The first F4F Wildcat to serve with the United States Navy differed from the prototype by being powered by a R-1830-90 engine with a single stage supercharger, not the two stage supercharger that had powered the prototype, and by December 1940 was equipping Navy squadrons. Development of the aircraft progressed and in May 1941 the prototype XF4F-4 flew, this aircraft benefited from combat experiences of Martlets serving with the Fleet Air Arm. These changes included more armour, self-sealing tanks, folding wings and an increase in armament to six guns from the original four .50 machine-guns. This new version was starting to be delivered during November 1941, and after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor a number of USN and United States Marine Corps squadrons were equipped with the Wildcat.

It was during the defence of Wake Island, which was attacked during December 1941, that the Wildcat would show it was a formidable opponent against the Mitsubishi A6M Zero, it was also able to take more damage than the unarmoured Zero. With eight aircraft destroyed on the ground, the remaining four Grumman F4F Wildcats put up a courageous defence of the Island.

Until 1943, when replaced by more advanced aircraft, the F4F Wildcat was involved in all signification action in the Pacific, seeing service in the Battle of the Coral Sea (4th May 1942 - 8th May 1942) and the Battle of Midway (4th June 1942 - 7th June 1942), during operations in Guadalcanal and in North Africa. The F4F-7, a long-range reconnaissance aircraft, with no armament and a bigger fuel tank, was to be the last production version, and by the time production had ended over 7,500 Wildcats had been built. General Motors would build the majority of these designated as FM-1 and FM-2 Wildcats.

Technical Details

Click on the aircraft image to view a larger version.

Top Speed Range Service Ceiling Armament

XF4F-1 Biplane prototype.

XF4F-2 Monoplane prototype.

F4F-3 331 mph 845 miles 37,500 ft four 0.50-in machine-guns

F4F-3 side profile image

F4F-4 318 mph 770 miles 39,400 ft six 0.50-in machine-guns

two 100lb bombs

F4F-7 309 mph 3,700 miles 28,300 ft Photo reconnaissance

XF4F-8 Two prototypes serving as the basis for the General Motors FM-2.

[tina-aumont]

FINALLY we have the dates of the Gracia Siblings!!

I still cannot believe it!!

Isidoro Rafael (3rd April, 1911)

María África (6th June 1912)

Aquilino Mario (14th May 1914)

Joaquín David (26th August 1915)

Luis Antonio (10th June 1923)

Ada Teresa (24th December 1924)

Consuelo de Jesús (25th December 1925)

Luz Ofelia (24th February 1927)

Jaime Enrique (28th September 1928)

Justa Teresa (11th November 1929)

It's important to say that I haven't found the exact birth dates of Luis Antonio and Jaime Enrique.

Luis Antonio's birth date comes from Margarita Vicens book "María Montez, Su Vida" (Dirección General de Cine de la República Dominicana). I that book it says he was born the 10th June 1923, but checking the registers, here you can find his marriage certificate where you can see he was 31 years old when he got married the 26th June 1957; that very same year he became father of a babygirl who didn't survive, and according to the baby's death certificate he was 32 years old when that tragedy happened the 28th October 1957, and two years later, the 24th March 1929 he became father again of another baby girl called Carmen Teresa Gracia. According to this birth certificate, he was 33 years old when he became father this time, so it's quite possible that he was born in 1926 but this doesn't fit with Lucita's birthday who was born the 24th February 1927...

Jaime's birth date comes from Geni site, but according to his wedding certificate, he was 26 years old when he got married on March 1954, and in his death certificate it's written he was 51 years old the 31st March 1979, so it matches that he was born in 1928 rather than 1927 as Lucita was born that very same year.

So it happens Maria gave the correct dates of her youngest sisters (here you can check it) but she didn't of some of her brothers (check this post here)... now the thing is that if Consuelo's real birth date is December 1925, this photo can't be from 1934 as it's stated in Margarita Vicens book, cause that would be that Consuelo was 9 years old and it's impossible.

My guessing is that this photo was taken in 1939 or 1940. In 1939 Maria flew to New York and worked there as a model under her married name Marie McFeeters, but when she divorced, she returned to the States to work as an actress.

So if this photo was taken in 1939 Maria was 27 years old and Consuelo was 13 (as she was born in December) and if this photo was taken in 1940, Maria was 28 years old and Consuelo was 14, which I guess it matches more with the real date.

Anyway, thanks to this post and for wanting to set the correct date, I just found the records of the Gracia's birthdates, marriages and passings, which is really great and I didn't thought I just could find it so quickly.

I've been waiting for this moment since some months ago, asking the Universe that I just want their birthdates to celebrate their lives.

As you know in Tina's family tree there are some sources listed, one is FamilySearch, and it was thanks to this site that I could find the dates in only one day or one day and a half. I'm really thankful to the Universe for listening my prayers, to make possible to find all these records that fast that I'm beyond happy now. I feel there's more love and gratitude around here, and I'm happy The Gracia Family is getting more visibled here cause all of them were really clever, nice, humble, beautiful and hard working people.

I send my kisses to heaven, where they'll receive them, and here on Earth too for the ones who keep on with this strong lineage.

I have nothing else to say.

Eleni xxx

María África Gracia Vidal (on screen she will became Maria Montez) pictured with her younger sister Consuelo in Barahona, Dominican Republic in 1934.

This photo comes from Pinterest but it has been printed in Margarita Vicens book "María Montez, Su vida - edición especial del Centenario" (Dirección General de Cine de la República Dominicana, 2012.

[zordonmlw7]

Orphan Black TV Series Timeline

June 1842 PT Westmoreland is born.

1880 Westmoreland publishes a paper on Post Subjectivity and Collective Research Living 

1894 Westmoreland goes to Borneo.

1898 Westmoreland is presumed dead.

1939 John P Matheson is born Texas to oil tycoons.

1950s Neolution becomes a topic of interest at Cambridge.

1962 John takes up the identity of PT Westmoreland.

1965 ??? Year of note on Scott’s timeline of Neolution

1967 The photo Cosima uses to expose Matheson to Revival is taken.

1970s Virginia meets Susan as a visiting scholar at Cambridge.

~Pre 1976? Yannis developed tumors after his experimentation. Pre-Leda.

1976 Military recruited the Duncans for Leda.

~Pre 1980s Kendall Malone is arrested.

~1976-1983 Ethan finds Kendall in prison and discovers her genomes are viable for cloning.  He keeps her identity secret.

~1983 Amelia was hired to be a surrogate by the Duncans. She felt suspicious of them and heard about the experiment and fled to protect the babies. 

10 March 1984 Janika Zingler is born. 

15 March 1984 Amelia gives birth to the twins.  Helena was given to the church, Sarah to the state. Date given by Cosima’s chart, possibly faulty.  

20 March 1984 Danielle Fornier is born.  Cosima’s chart gives her birthday as March 12.

31 March 1984 Rachel is born.  

1 April 1984 Beth is born.  Cosima’s chart gives her birthday as March 13.  

4 April 1984 Alison is born. Cosima’s chart gives her birthday as the 18th.  Aryanna Giordano is born.  Cosima’s chart gives Aryanna’s birthday as the 28th. 

4 May 1984 Krystal is born.   

~1981-1988 5 years after Kendall was harvested, Duncan told her about the cloning. Kendall and Mr. Duncan United Sarah with S.

~Possibly 1988 Ira age 4 is taken from Coady by Susan.

1990 Rachel became aware of cloning. 779H41. (415K98 Lisa Glynn) 

1991 Rachel plays with her parents on tape.

~1991 Helena blinded Sister Olga

~Pre 2013 Rachel made a friendship bracelet for a girl at summer camp.

~1992 Mrs. S takes Sarah in.

~Between 1992 and 1997 S took Felix in when he was 6.

~1993 Ethan Duncan defected to the Bird Watchers in exchange for giving them information about the cloning experiments and Amelia.

1994 Evie enters experimental gene therapy trials

~1995 Gracie is born.

No Later Than ~1996 Sister Urina lost her tongue protecting Helena from nuns.

~1996 Helena sees a masturbating nun and gets her hair bleached. Tomas took Helena in. Helena plays with dolls as she learns about the clones.

~1997 Sarah moved to Canada.

2000 Charlotte is born.

Possibly Pre-2001? 528M32 is the first known Leda with the disease. Rachel is tested for it when she finds out about it. Rachel has an autopsy of 528M32 Miriam Johnson, a homeless musician with an alcoholic mother.

~Pre 2001 Helena learns she is a clone after killing her first clone. Tomas tells her she is the original. Helena begins cutting herself.

2001 Helsinki occurs.

~1998-2002 Alison was Valedictorian and a cheerleader.

~Pre 2012??? Delphine’s boarding school roommate attempted suicide.

~Pre 2005? Sarah has an abortion.

~2005? Sarah Contemplates aborting but decides to carry to term. S is with Sarah when she gives birth to Kira.

~Pre 2010? Paul killed 6 Marines in Afghanistan and covered it up (Did this actually happen or was it a lie composed by Castor?)

~2010-2011 Coady began the sterilization experiments. 1 Month after Paul left, Rudy brought back a girl who Coady treated.

~2010-2011 Mark joined the Proletheans.

~Pre June 2012 Mud overdoses and goes into a coma

~Pre June 2012 6 months after she enters her coma, Mud awakes in Revival.  

~January 2012 Sarah left with Vic to Myrtle Beach.

~March 2012 Paul said Beth didn’t seem to be herself. Began abusing drugs.

~April 2012 Felix is arrested.

~May 2012 Clones being hunted in Europe.

~May 2012 Jennifer Fitzsimmons begins her video diaries.

~Post May 2012 Beth calls Alison about clone club. Beth tells Cosima to meet Alison.

~7 October 2012 MK sees Frank and Roxie making out and hiding a body. She calls Beth. Beth investigates. Cosima calls Beth about transferring schools and splitting with her girlfriend, Emi. Beth has lunch with Art at Fengs. Beth has been messed up for “a couple months" Felix was caught at a club. Beth borrows surveillance gear from Raj. Beth meets at MKs cabin. Beth goes to Club Neolution. Astrid warns Olivier. Alison sends Ramone to give Beth flowers. Olivier tells Leekey that Beth needs a new monitor. Beth meets Leekey and Evie. Beth meets with Hardcastle and Art. Beth installs the surveillance equipment. Beth argues with Paul. Beth sleeps with Art while Maya is home. Trina calls Beth about Aaron’s disappearance. Beth sees Frank and Roxie with Duko remove the worm from Aarons face. Beth shoots Maggie Chen. Beth goes to MK.

 ~8 October 2012 Duko meets with Beth.

Before 25 November 2012 Trina meets with Beth.

Monday, 23 November 2012 Beth puts on a wig. Beth infiltrates Brightborn. Beth meets Susan and threatens her with a gun. Susan says she knows about Ruth and she apologizes about her father. Beth tries to kill Evie, who set her up. Sarah beat Evie bloody. Beth returns to her house bloodied. She has not spoken with MK in 4 days. Beth calls Art before jumping in front of the train. Sarah sees Beth jump platforms, assumes her identity, visits Felix.

Tuesday, 24 November 2012 Sarah tries to get the money, Art finds Sarah and she fakes sickness to escape the hearing, Vick finds Felix, Felix gets Sarah pronounced dead. Felix gets pissed at Sarah, Paul returns early and gets seduced

Wednesday, 25 November 2012 Sarah gets the money successfully, attends her own funeral. Sherry and Rockabilly Bob are in attendance. Sarah meets Katja before being chased off by Helena. Sarah buries Katja.

Thursday, 26 November 2012 Paul leaves, Art and Sarah meet, Sarah gets the briefcase. Sarah reveals herself to Cosima

Friday, 27 November 2012 Sarah meets Alison, Sarah gets the therapist to declare her fit for duty and passes the hearing. Sarah discovers she is a clone

Saturday, 28 November 2012 Sarah’s first day working as Beth. She and Art investigate Katja’s remains. Sarah meets Cosima to pass the briefcase and figure out a plan to deal with Katjas fingerprints

Sunday, 29 November 2012 Sarah working on the desk when Helena calls station. Sarah meets with Mrs. S. Alison teaches Sarah to shoot. Paul returns

Monday, 30 November 2012 Sarah and Art investigate Helena’s motorcycle, Helena and Sarah battle. Sarah asks Alison to be on Standby, Cosima studies the Knife, Helena cleans her injuries in the house.

Tuesday, 1 December 2012 Sarah investigates Helena and receives the folding game, Helena infiltrates the precinct, Helena tells Paul to get her. Alison impersonated Sarah to visit Kirah. Sarah confronts Helena at Maggie Chens apartment. Sarah resigns. Helena is picked up by Thomas.

Wednesday, 2 December 2012 Sarah finds a probe implement. Sarah meets with Alison and Cosima to discuss being watched. Sarah investigates the surveillance equipment. Alison investigates Donnie. Cosima meets Delphine. Felix and Collin hook up. Vic is pressured by Pouchy. Vic sees Alison. Paul meets Olivier. Paul takes pictures of Sarah with Kirah. Sarah and Paul have a confrontation. Alison puts the cam in her bedroom. Dyad learns about Castor when Krystal is attacked by Seth and Rudy. 

Thursday, 3 December 2012 Alison knocks out Donnie and interrogates him. Paul tells Sarah about being a monitor. Alison hosts the monthly potluck. Vic and Paul crash the potluck. Ainsley catches Paul and Sarah. Donnie tells Alison about the letters. Sarah tells Paul about the clones. Delphine meets with Dr. Leekey.

Friday, 4 December 2012 Paul meets with Olivier. Alison is at a couples retreat. Sarah and Cosima discuss monitors. Tomas treats Helena. The cops identify that Katja and Helena’s blood match. Sarah and Felix go to Olivier’s night club.

Saturday, 5 December 2012 Sarah and Paul discuss. Helena and Sarah have lunch. Cops continue to investigate. Dr. Leekey informs Olivier of the fact that Sarah has been impersonating Beth. Olivier tells Paul. Paul says she’s “meeting Christine”?  Sarah meets with Kira. Helena infiltrates Paul’s house. Cosima has dinner with Delphine and Leekey. Paul gets knocked out. Sarah and Felix go to rescue him from Olivier. Sarah calls Helena for back up. Olivier tells Leekey he has her. Helena impersonated Sarah to fight Olivier. The cops identify Sarah.

Sunday, 6 December 2012 Alison returns from the retreat early and us getting a divorce. The cops visit Mrs. S (~Two weeks after November 25) Paul gets dirt on Olivier. The cops meet with Sarah. Alison has sex with Chad.  Aensley confronts Alison. The cops go to the morgue. Helena finds the letters from Kira to Sarah. Cosima sleeps with Delphine. Leekey visits Paul and Olivier. Olivier is killed. Helena takes Kira. Kira is hit by a car.

Monday, 7 December 2012 Helena tells Tonas about Kira and she gets locked up. Leekey reveals he knoed two clones got Olivier. Alison cleans Felix’s apartment. Alison has an intervention. Sarah meets with Art. Leekey meets with Sarah. Mrs. S reveals her contacts in England are scared. Art finds out Sarah stole Beth’s identity. Cosima breaks up with Delphine. Sarah picks up Tomas and takes Helena to Leekey. Leekey reports to Rachel. Sarah meets Amelia. Amelia meets Helena. Helena escapes. Sarah is arrested.

Tuesday, 8 December 2012 Leekey visits Alison to give her the contract. Cosima starts to be sick. Leekey gives Cosina a contract. Mr. Rosen takes Sarah out of custody.  Sarah is taken to Paul. Rachel meets Sarah. The three clones meet in person at Felix’s.

Wednesday, 9 December 2012 The cops meet Vic and stakeout Alison. Delphine meets Cosima at Felix’s. Helena disguised as Sarah kills Amelia. Sarah received the project Leda photo before Amelia dies. Sarah “kills” Helena. Aensley’s body is found. Sarah goes to meet Rachel. Cosima tells Sarah about the patent. Donnie returns to reporting to Leekey. Sarah finds that Kira and Mrs S are gone. Sarah is hunted at the diner. Sarah gets a call from Rachel. Sarah finds Felix at the club. Felix goes to Alison’s to get a gun. Jennifer Fitzsimmons dies.  

Thursday, 10 December 2012 Sarah calls Paul and escapes Rosen. Alison gets a gun from Ramone. Alison gets Aensley’s part. 3 days will be dress rehearsal, day after is performance. The cops find Alison. Paul begins working for Rachel.  Sarah is arrested but released. Ramone delivers the gun. Alison is assaulted by Dyad goons who immediately let her go. Sarah infiltrates the Dyad party disguised as Cosima. Sarah assaults Rachel but is stopped by Paul. Sarah turns to Art. Helena arrives at a hospital where she is picked up by Mark. Kira is photographed by the Bird Watchers.

Friday, 11 December 2012 Felix gets the new phones. Alison attends Aensley’s funeral. Sarah and Art investigate the motel Kira was at. Cosima meets with Dr. Leekey. Sarah is taken to the Bird Watchers base. Alison practices the musical. Felix and Alison discuss catching Donnie. DeAngelo investigates Helena as she is taken by Mark. (Jamie was the father of one of the Bird Watchers who died because of Mrs. S Guns for Fund’s movement). Rachel meets Cosima at her lab and gives her the genomes of Sarah and Katja. Mrs. S eliminates the two Bird Watchers who have turned to the Proletheans.

Saturday, 12 December 2012 Alison sets a trap for Donnie. (Yesterday?) Aensley’s tombstone lists her year of death as 2014. Felix leaves with Sarah. Mark kills Tomas. Mr. Rosen finds the Bird Watchers dead. The Proletheans dispose of their bodies. Sarah and Felix steal from the convenience store. Angela talks to Art. Donnie apologizes for the spying. Jennifer Fitzsimmons diaries (6 months before Katja, died 3 days ago). Sarah and Felix find the cabin. The abandoned truck is found by police. Helena learns that Tomas is dead. Cal arrives at his cabin. Kira meets Cal.

Sunday, 13 December 2012 Alison has dress rehearsal. Felix leaves.

Monday, 14 December 2012 Cosima dissects Jennifer. Felix says he thought Ziggy the drummer was Kira’s father. Tom the cop. Angie is exposed. Alison falls off the stage. Cal and Sarah hook up.

Tuesday, 15 December 2012 Art investigates the Proletheans. Rosen investigates Sarah. Rosen takes Sarah. Helena married to Henrick. Sarah is hit by a truck and is rescued by Cal. Helena has her eggs stolen by Henry. Alison wakes up in rehab. Sarah and Kira get into Cals camper. Helena escapes after Gracie’s attempt at her life. Sarah calls Cosima. Mrs. S speaks to Benjamin. Sarah leaves Kira with Cal. Mrs S hooks up with Carlton. Donnie visits Alison in rehab. Yvonne leaves them to talk. Sarah discovers S knew about Mr and Mrs Duncan. Cute concierge, Troy. Rosen speaks to Leekey. Sarah is rescued by Helena who murders Rosen.

Wednesday, 15 December 2012 Rachel finds Daniel was killed by Helena after returning from Taiwan with Paul. Helena and Sarah escape to Felix’s. Rachel forbids Cosima from using the Stem Cell lines. Cosima finds out about the experimental lines. Felix delivers Helena to Art. Sarah calls Cal and Kira. Gracie refuses to speak about Helena. Maggie Chen found clones for Helena to murder. Collin and Felix go on a second date before being interrupted by Paul, who uses Felix’s hand to contaminate Daniel’s gun. Gracie gets her stitches off. Cosima finds out about Rachel’s obstruction. Helena escapes from Art and reclaims her motorcycle. Sarah and Helena find Mr. Duncan’s photo in Maggie Chen’s locker. Helena prepares to assassinate Rachel. Rachel and Paul have sex(?) Helena is stopped by Rachel. Cosima receives treatment. Sarah and Leekey meet. Paul discovers their meeting. They are given 3 days to find Mr. Duncan. Sarah and Helena camp. 

Thursday, 17 December 2012 Cosima continues treatment. Scott comes in to work with Dyad. Vic comes into rehab with Alison. Art checks in on Felix. Sarah and Helena arrive at Cold River. Helena meets Jessie Towing. Sarah investigates the archives. Donnie visits Alison in rehab. Sarah calls Cosima and tells her Mr Duncan was there. Helena gets arrested by Roy the cop. Gracie visits Helena in the police station. Vic rendezvous with Angie. Sarah finds S with Peckham. S speaks with Paul. Alison and Vic talk about Ainsley’s death. Alison hears Vic conspiring with Angie. Cal realizes he’s being monitored. S takes Peckham. Cosima sees her polyps. Alison tells Felix about Vic. Cal and Sarah rendezvous. Tony is told to find Beth by Sammy.

Friday, 18 December 2012 Paul reports to Leekey. Cosima finds out she’s been using Kiras stem cells. Marian and Leekey meet. Vic and Sarah chat. Alison has family day. S meets with Leekey and confirms Rachel does not know what he did to the Duncans. Sarah pretends to be Alison at family day. Angie is misled by Alison and Felix. Donnie finds out about the clones. S has Rachel and Paul meets Duncan. Rachel gives Leekey a chance to leave with his life after telling Marianne she would kill him. Cosima tells Sarah about Kiras stem cells. Donnie kills Leekey.

Saturday, 19 December 2012 Sarah and S reunite with Kira and Felix. Cosima revokes Delphine access to her lab. Donnie hides in bed. Art meets Tony. Felix goes to help Art. Rachel searches for Paul. Rachel tells Delphine about Leekie. Felix meets Tony. Delphine meets with Sarah. Cosima catches Scott hosting game night. Cosima and Delphine get high and make up. (2 days prior Tony got news)

Sunday, 20 December 2012 Alison and Donnie make up over night. Tony meets Sarah. Rachel discovers Paul has disappeared. Rachel meets with her father. Alison inspects Leekey’s body. Cosima tells Scott she’s a clone. Cosima meets Ethan. Kira reads the Book of Dr. Monroe.

(Week 1 of Helena’s Pregnancy) Monday, 21 December 2012 The Hendrixes clean Leekey. Helena has her eggs harvested. Rachel promotes Delphine. Cosima group chats with Alison and Sarah. Alison breaks concrete in her garage. Helena sees the nursery. Mark and Henrick discuss. Delphine and Clone Club meet at the clinic. Cosima and Scott look at the genetic information. Vic visits Alison. Helena sees the children being abused. Donnie warns Angie to back off. Helena is impregnated with Helena’s babies. Ethan explains the science behind designing the disease. Marianne and Rachel meet. Rachel watches old videos and calls Dr. Neelam. Sarah sleeps at the clinic. Helena and Gracie try to leave. Mark breaks Gracie free. Alison and Donnie bury Leekie. Helena murders Henrick and burns down the farm. Rachel infiltrates the clinic disguised as Sarah.

Tuesday, 22 December 2012 S and Sarah argue. Dr. Nealon works with Sarah. Kira takes a cell phone from her nurse. Sarah signs a contract with Dyad. Cal shows up. Helena shows up at Art’s. Ethan is in custody. Mark and Gracie escape. S meets with Paul. Ethan commits suicide. Cal meets Paul. Paul meets with Marianne Bowles and exchanges Castor information. Scott and Cosima prepare the pencil cannon. Rachel breaks the marrow vials. Sarah fires the pencil at Rachel. Cal takes Sarah home from Dyad. Helena meets Cosima and Alison. Clone dance party. Helena is kidnapped.

Friday, 23 December 2012 Cosima discovers Kira has the book. Sarah learns about Charlotte and Project Castor. Mark and Gracie get married. 3 weeks since they learned about Castor and since Krystal was attacked. Clone seems to know about Helena’s kidnapping. Helena in a box. A while since they have been to Shite Beach. Marianne has gone to Europe. Delphine returns from Europe. Sarah notices Helena’s disappearance. Alison coaching. Marcie campaigns. Donnie gets fired. S is assaulted in her home by Seth. S tells Sarah about Helena’s kidnapping. Keanon and Delphine discuss Ferdinand’s arrival. Sarah agrees to help Delphine. Alison pretends to be Sarah. Sarah finds out about Helsinki. Rachel thinks it’s Monday. Delphine threatens Rachel and finds out Rachel knows about Helsinki. The attack on Alison is aborted. Rudy is broken out. Dr. Nealon finds that the clones have escaped. The clones tag team another girl. 

Saturday, 24 December 2012 Coady watches Helena who has been in the box for almost 48 hours. Delphine has left to Europe. Cal shows Sarah and Kira the Apartment. The clones meet with Paul. Cosima receives some treatment from Scott. Ramone confronts Alison. Art was reinstated 2 days ago.  Sarah finds out that the clones attacked a girl. Helena is waterboarded. Coady announces Helena is pregnant. Felix takes care of S. Scott and Cosima meet with Nealon. Sarah learns from the girl about Rudy and Seth. Ramone and Alison meet. Rudy tells Seth he knows he’s glitching. Rudy breaks into Felix’s. Helena is being tested. (Helena has been pregnant for a week or two) Coady tells Helena Sarah sold her out. Sarah meets with S. Ramone sells Alison the drugs. Paul infiltrates Cal’s home. Paul claims Sarah was in Marianne Bowle’s basement “yesterday.” Paul reveals he knows Cal is a war profiteer. Rudy confronts Sarah. Cal and Seth face each other. Rudy kills Seth. Sarah agrees to let Cal and Kirah move to Iceland. Sarah vows to find Mark.

Sunday, 25 December 2012 Art finds Seth in Felix’s bath tub. Cosima and Scott find out about Seth. Mark tells Gracie a bit about his past. Art tracks down Alexis who tells them that Mark has Henricks truck and that Helena and Gracie are pregnant. Gracie shows up to Mr. Finch’s home. Finch hands over the trunk without charging Gracie the $1000. Mark and Paul arrive at Coady’s, who found out about Seth’s death. Coady warns that the base is at risk of being shut down. Cosima and Scott dissect. Nealon works with Rachel in her recovery. Rachel is told that she is dead to topside. Art and Sarag meet with Willard Finch. Alexis tells Bonnie she may know where Mark and Gracie are. Art admits he was in love with Beth. Sarah sees Gracie in the diner. Mark tortures Finch to death. Bonnie finds Gracie. Sarah finds out the Castors are their siblings. Bonnie assaults Mark. Sarah rescues Mark. Sarah operates on Mark. Gracie meets Mr Appleyard. Alison and Cosima discuss the Castor clones. Helena is taken into the infirmary. Helena scoped out the base. Helena sees the Castor clones being operated on. Gracie bleeds vaginally. Sarah calls 911 to get Mark treatment. Alison meets with Jason Kellerman. (Cosima is 5'2) Felix puts Cosima on Sapphire. Bonnie banishes Gracie. Mark takes Sarah to the gravesite of Abel Johanssen, the Castor original sample. Helena kills Parsons. Rudy confronts Sarah. Mark and Rudy kidnap Sarah and take Abel’s bones.

(Week 2 of Helena’s Pregnancy) Tuesday, 27 December 2012 Rudy is given 48 hours. Gracie shows up at Art’s. (2 days since Gracie met Sarah) Cosima goes on her Sapphire date with Shay at Bobbi’s. Sarah and Helena chat in confinement. Coady takes blood samples from Sarah. Art takes Gracie to S and Felix. Cosima extends her date with Shay. Mark tells Coady he consummated his relationship with Gracie (18). Sarah finds out Paul is a major. S tells Gracie about John Sadler. S went with her Aunt Joan after John was killed. Shay massages Cosima. Sarah thinks they are in Mexico. Gracie parties with Felix and S before collapsing. Sarah and Helena escape. Helena kills the guard. Art meets the victim of Seth and Rudy.

Friday, 30 December 2012 Sarah dreams about Kira. (It’s been 5 days since Sarahs gone). Paul meets with a military higher up. S says her people suspect the base is in Mexico. Cosima wakes up in Shay’s place. Alison and Fonnie party in money. Delphine returns from Europe. Paul encounters a sick Sarah. Rudy is chasing Helena in the desert. Paul finds out about the rape logs. Gracie is taken to Dyad. Mark was part of Sammy’s team. Paul arrests Coady. Coady admits to giving Sarah 2 units of Rudy’s blood. Beth tells Sarah about how Paul moved in with 2 suitcases. Paul calls Castor higher ups, is promised help in six hours. Felix screams at Rachel. Rudy finds out about the Coady’s arrest. Delphine has been stalking Shay. Cosima meets with Shay. Scott tells Cosima that Rachel knows the code. Sarah asks Paul if he loved her. Defect affects Castor brains and Leda epithelial tissue. Rudy infiltrates the camp and kills the medic and frees the corporal. Paul calls Arlington and finds out he betrayed them. Sarah has to go northwest. Paul tells Sarah he never loved Beth. Coady shoots Paul who uses a grenade to blow up the Castor original and all of Coady’s research. Sarah and Helena escape.

At Least 31 December 2012 Helena and Sarah are at a canteen waiting to meet Benjamin. S meets Helena. Ali and Donnie give Mrs. Hendrix the contract. Delphine meets Shay and asks Cosima for a sample. Jason and Donnie leave to meet with Pouchy. Ali goes to the candidate event but has to deal with her mom. Helena tries to fight S. Rachel finds out about the book while being tested. Alison hands over $30k. Cosima gives the Alison speech. Cosima meets Mrs. Hendrix.

At least 1 January 2013 Krystal tells Delphine about her assault and losing her boyfriend Hector. Coady meets Arlington and La Cantinera. Nealon meets with Delphine. Helena stays with the Hendrixes. Shay does Yoga with Cosima. Scott and Rachel continue to decode the book. Crystal is 350 km from S. Shay meets Scott at Dyad. Gracie goes to work with Helena. Felix meets with Crystal. Rudy meets Scott batbhis apartment. Denise the Cat. Felix takes Crystal’s ID and discovers she’s investigating Castor. Delphine finds out about the book. Scott helps Rachel escape Dyad. Rachel translated the copy of the book. Nealon shows up to confiscate the book. Rachel has a seizure. Donnie and Jason fight.

(Helena is at least 3 weeks pregnant) At Least 2 January 2013 Cosimas resignation from Dyad is accepted. Nealon and Rachels plan to help her escape goes through. Crystal is in captivity posing as Rachel. Susan has received Rachel. S takes Felix and Sarah to London to meet Terry. Helena teaches Gemma how to fight. S finds out the Castor original was an inmate from before the numbering system was changed in the 80s. Donnie recovers from his fight with Jason. Cosima rewre the file on Shay Delphine gave her. Terry meets with Ferdinand and is being beaten. Gracie leaves. Helena treats Donnie’s wounds. S finds a bloody Terry. Sarah gets someone to meet with her. Donnie meets with Pouchy. Helena murders Pouchy and gang. Delphine interrogates Shay. Casthov tells Sarah about Kendall Malone. Gracie reveals she was the mole. Kassov meets Ferdinand, who murders him. Sarah meets Kendall. S asks Kendall about Mr Duncan.

At Least 3 January 2013 Rachel awakes on the island and sees her prosthetic eye. Kendall is delivered to Scott at a location secured by Art. Coady and Rusy meet Benchman. Election day. Donnie tracks down Jesse Towing. Cosima meets with Shay. Ferdinand demands Kendall. Cosima meets Kendall. Felix and Sarah find Mark and Gracie. Helena fights Rudy. Mark sets a trap for Coady. Ferdinand arrests Coady. Delphine discovers Nealon is aligned with Neolution. Nealon tries to give Delphine one of the maggotbots. Ferdinand murders his Neolutionist bodyguard. Clone Club celebrates Alison’s election at Bubbles with Dinner. Delphine tells Shay she can know everything and is given a card with 324B21. Delphine meets Cosima. Delphine is shot in the parking lot by Duko. Crystal watches her be taken away by Vanleer. Rachel learns Charlotte is on the island and reunites with her mother. Kira reunites with Sarah, S, and Kendall.

3 months after season 3

No earlier than 5 January - ~April 2013 Cal and Sarah split up.  

2 weeks before Day 2 A columbian had his cheek removed.

(Helena is at least 16 weeks pregnant, does not appear to be further than approximately 17 weeks) ~No Earlier than April 2013 Day 1 MK warns Sarah that Neolution is coming for them in Iceland. They escape and torch the cabin.

~ Day 2 Alison does Zumba. Felix paints. The group meets at Hellwizard’s comic shop. Sarah finds out about cheek cutting case from Art. Sarah finds Beth’s drugs. Sarah takes Felix to club Neolution. Helena gets ultrasound. Scott finds out about Kendall’s leukemia. Felix tells Sarah he found his birth family. 2 weeks ago, a Columbian had his cheek removed. Sarah is shown video by Dizzy. MK communicated with Sarah at the laundromat. The cheek cutters check on the maggotbot.

~ Day 3. Ira checks on Rachel. Has not met Susan in 6 weeks. Kira plays with Hellwizard. Cosima investigates the maggotbot. Sarah meets Adele. Sarah meets with Dizzy. Alonzo Martinez. Rachel learns Charlotte was cloned from her of 400 attempts. Helena meets the detectives investigating Pouchys murder. Kira tells Cosima about her vision. Carol Lumbar was coordinator, Trevor Sowaltski did transportation, Teddy Malechi hung posters. Charlotte got Rachel’s message out. Art tells Sarah about the dental clinic. Donnie alleged that Leekey died in Autumn. A nurse speaks to Sarah thinking she’s Beth. Ferdinand and S meet. Sarah was almost.operated on by the Neolution nurse. Ferdinand tells Sarah that Susan is alive.

~ Day 4 MK declares Marianne dead. Cosima and Scott exhume the maggotbot. Ali meets Trina at a cafe. Donnie and Felix go to the clinic. MK and Sarah meet at Dizzys. Cosima isolates the maggotbot. Alison talks to Porsche Grossman who is several months pregnant at Least. She tells them about Dr. Bosch and the Brightborn treatments. Helena buries her babies and leaves. Sarah and Dizzy break into MKs home. MK sets a trap for Ferdinand. S disarms the bomb. Susan tells Rachel that she knows about the messages. Cosima and Felix see Evie Cho’s Brightborn video.

~ Day 5 Crystal is training in self defense and has discovered a connection between the Castor clones, Dyad, and Hector. Sarah and Kira paint a mural. Cosima goes to the Brightborn orientation. Evie shares about her SCID. Felix implies that S is an Irish Traveller. Evie and Susan meet. Evie tells Susan that Crystal is at Brightborn but thinks it’s Sarah. Duko tells Art he knows about the Hendrixes dealing drugs. Helena left a day or two ago. Donnie gives Crystal a massage. Susan tells Evie that Cosima has infiltrated Brightborn. Crystal is grabbed by Brightborn. Cosima witnesses the birth with defects. Susan pleads for Kendall.

~ Day 6 Susan and Ira discuss in bed. Krystal speaks to the police force. Sarah meets with Evie and Susan. Kendall tells S has leukemia. Sarah receives the hard drive from Sarah. Cosima transfers the data to the hard drive. Ira laments. Sarah gets the operation. Susan sees Scott collect Kendall’s blood. Felix meets with Krystal. Susan is kidnapped. Sarah Chase’s after Ira with Benjamin. Ira goes to a hospital with Benjamin. Duko has kidnapped Kendall. Evie arrives to destroy Kendall.

Days 1-6 are implied to take place over approximately 12 weeks as when Helena returns on Day 10, she appears to be near the start of her third trimester whereas she was near the start of her second when she left.  

~ Day 7 (Friday). Rachel searches the estate where she is being kept. Sarah leaves Kira with S. Alison prays. Gemma has her birthday party. Susan tells Rachel about Westmoreland. Felix cares for S. S has only cried a handful of times. Susan and Rachel discuss the dissolution of Project Leda. Sarah and Dizzy hook up. Dizzy recess he was friends with Ed Capra. Duko arrests Donnie. Cosima almost takes a maggotbot in the face. Felix tells Cosima Delphine is alive. Felix stops Sarah from jumping.

~ Day 8 (Saturday) Sarah returns home. MK talks to Kira. Rachel sees the swan. Donnie encounters a Neolutionist in prison. Sarah is having a "two day hangover”. Mika talks to Sarah. Alison and Adele visit Donnie in prison. S stalks Duko. Sarah and Art meet. Duko and Alison meet. Felix meets Alison at her revue. MK is sick. MK tells Sarah about Duko. Alison tells Duko to go to the Rabbit Hole where he is ambushed. S tortures Duko. S murders Duko.

~ Day 9 (Sunday) Coima collects Sarah’s eggs and goes to the island.

~ Day 10 (Monday) Evie announces her plans to build in Tissdale. Sarah and Felix meet with Rachel and Ira. Helena hunts deer in the snow. Tabitha Stewart and Kendra Dupree. Evie receives video blackmail. Donnie is released (Monday). The kids are in Florida. Tabitha killed. Twins are kicking. Trina talks to Sarah about Brightborn. Tabitha called Trina. Kendra went to Tisdale. Detective warns Evie about Art and tells her about Kendra. Evie’s bot is working. Ira tracks Sarah. Island is pre Cambrian rock. Helena meets Felix and Adele. Helena’s stomach is bigger. Alison and Donnie bang. Rachel receives more visions. Sarah and Art meet Kendra and her baby. Adele leaves.. Kendra shows Sarah the video euthanizing the baby. Susan tells Cosima she was under pressure to create Charlotte. Jacob was born blind. Sarah discovers Kendra left with Ira. Art takes the cheek choppers into custody. Helena rescues the Hendrixes from the cheek choppers. She has been in beavertail national Park. Rachel exposes Evie.

~ Day 11 Cosima finds a cure. Dr. Ian Vanleer takes over as Brightborn CEO, he was Evies physician. Ferdinand visits Rachel. Vanleer kills Evie. Alison hides with Helena. Sarah and Krystal meet. Vanleer tells Sarah about Rachel’s plans. Rachel meets with the board of Neolution. Rachel stabs Susan. Cosima and Charlotte attempt to escape. Rachel attacks Sarah and stabs her leg. Susan threatens to kill Rachel. Charlotte and Cosima are rescued by The Messenger. Delphine and Cosima reunite. Delphine and Cosima keep the cure secret. Rachel patches up Susan who tells her Westmoreland is alive. Ferdinand threatens S and Kira. Sarah informs Felix of Ferdinand. Sarah starts a fire using a photo of Kira. Sarah dresses her wounds with a tampon. Sarah is attacked by Yannis.

~ Day 12 (Not yet June?) Sarah carves a spear from a stick. Mud shows Cosima Revival. Moreland is 170 as of last June. Art gets introduced to Maddy, his new partner. Helena hunts while the Hendrix s are in hiding. Revival hunts for Sarah. Delphine treats Aisha, who tells her they are there for the fountain. Felix leaves Ira in Hellwizard and Scott’s custody. Maddy blackmails Art. Alison is kidnapped by the Neolutionists. Delphine is being sent to Sardinia. The hunters leave Sarah when they see signs of Yanis. Rachel takes over at Revival. Helena attacks the Neutionist and gets an arrow in the belly. Sarah meets with Cosima and warns her about Yanis. Rachel and The Messenger encounter Cosima trying to give herself the cure. Sarah is shot with a tranquilizer.

~ Day 13 Sarah awakes in captivity. Ferdinand greets her. Sarah has slept for “a while”. Rachel offers Sarah a truce. Sarah takes Kira to school. Aisha tells Cosina about her tumor. Felix meets with MK. Mud takes Cosina to Moreland. Cosima sees the photo of Westmoreland. Rachel and Ferdinand do yoga. Helena hides from the doctors. Sarah impersonated Rachel and leaves with Kira. Helena attacks the doctor with the needle. Ferdinand follows Sarah to Felix’s. MK pretends to be Sarah. Ferdinand kills MK. Rachel fires Ferdinand. Delphine meets with S.

~ Day 14 Alison and Donnie meet cop. They mourn MK. S takes Kira to Dyad. Alison sees Aensley’s family at The family fun fair. The Hendrixes get searched. Alison confronts Ramone. Maddy plants evidence in the Hendrixes garage and tries to break open their garage floor. Donnie drinks Alisons drugged Apple Juice. Donnie passes out in the middle of his performance. Alison meets Rachel. Rachel commands Maddy to dispose of the bodies and fix the garage. Alison decides to leave for a little. Helena is safe with the nuns.

A week before Day 18 Leonard sells BlueZone to a subsidiary of Dyad. 

Days 15-20 happen in succession

Day 15 Westmoreland speaks to Susan. Aisha and Charlotte find Daisy the pig bleeding. Charlotte finds a tooth. Mud takes them.back to the village. Sarah discovers Kira’s cut herself. 3 days until Kira’s next Dyad appointment. Ira visits Susan. S and Sarah take Dr. Perkins identity. Charlotte tells Cosima about the bear. Madame La Roux. Mr. Mitchell. S and Sarah visit Helena. Adele arrives knowing about Clone Club, having been told by S. S and Sarah impersonate Dr. Perkins to get Coady from Dr. Nemmit. Coady tells S and Sarah about Yanis. Cosima sees Mud with Yanis.

(Roughly week 32 of Helena’s pregnancy) ~July 2013 Day 16 Felix’s art opening is in 3 weeks. S and Sarah reconvene with Adele and Felix. Ray was attacked. Felix and Adele go to Switzerland.

Day 17 S leaves to investigate. Mud tells Cosima that she let Yanis escape after his experiments made him become violent. Rachel gets the cure from Westmoreland. Delphine returns from collecting stool samples. Cosima tells Delphine about Aisha’s tumor that is being studied. Lin28A. Delphine tells Cosima about Kira receiving testing at Dyad. Cosima tells Moreland she knows about Lin28-A. Cooper sends Mud and Salvador to the wood shed. Cosimas parents are Sally and Gene, who are both professors. Delphine goes to Geneva to meet with Felix and Adele. Yanis kills Salvador. Susan tells Cosima about the plans to harvest Kira’s eggs for the surrogates. Mud tells Cosima his name is Yannis. Westmoreland murders Yannis. Cosima is locked in the basement. Delphine and S meet. Ira begins glitching.

Day 18 Krystal and Brie. Have 15000 subscribers. Dyad arrives to pick up Kira. Mud tells Cosima that she’s from Seattle. S got the Coady info from someone else. Krystal and Sarah communicate. Leonard Sip, CEO of BlueZone cosmetics. Westmoreland brings Coady to the island. Scott collects blood samples from Bri who is flirting with him. Salvador’s widow speaks out against Revival. Coady tells Ira she is close to a cure. Krystal sets up her spy can for Leonard. Scott identifies that Bries symptoms are in line with an allergic reaction. Brie admits she’s a kleptomaniac. Susan realizes Westmoreland is doing Parabiosis. Krystal attacks Leonard. He reveals the experimental face cream is a drug delivery system that works on the cellular level and made the rabbits it was treated on lose their hair. Anna tells Mud that Aisha has died. Ira breaks out Cosima. Rachel takes Kira to Dyad. Cosima exposes Westmoreland to Revival. Revival goes up in flames. Ira succumbs to his glitching. Susan is killed using the poison she tried to administer to Westmoreland. Cosima escapes the island.

Day 19 Mr. Albie Teeb had his daughter saved from a genetic heart defect. Rachel announces biopsies of Kiras liver, lung, and stomach. Cosima arrives on the mainland. Cosima sends her boat adrift. Cosima tells Sarah about the plan to collect Kiras eggs. Kira has at least another day before her hormone treatments make her ready for egg harvest. Felix and Adele have sent them into on the Neo money trail. Cosima tells Rachel about Westmoreland. Alison is in California and will arrive tomorrow. Cosima tells her that Coady is on the island and Susan is dead.

Day 20 Rachel visits Susan’s grace. Coady’s background is in genetics. ((Rachel previously signed a document of emancipation.)) Coady tells Rachel she killed Susan. Hashem Al-Khatib is in control of Kuwaiti consulting firm, where Dyad subsidiaries send their money. Alison arrives home with her haircut and purple dye. Alison talks about the Yungian she met. Alison shows Donnie her “Live Deep” tattoo. Rachel announces Kira can be harvested within 24 hours. Mark is brought to Coady. Mark plots with Coady to find Helena. Gracie arrives at Helena’s monastery. Rachel finds the pad that has been receiving feed from her eye. Rachel allows Kira to call her mom. Alison clears out her craft room. Westmoreland overhears Sarah pleading for Kira. Rachel returns Kira to Sarah. Rachel exposes Westmoreland to the board. Rachel rips out her eye. Rachel is treated.

Although Gracie’s appearance makes it appear that Day 21 occurs immediately after Day 20, it seems more likely that Day 21 takes place a full 2 weeks after Day 20.

Day 21 Rachel wakes up found by Ferdinand. Charlotte and Kira go to stay with Maya and her mom. Delphine, Felix, and Adele arrive back. Felix’s art opening is today. Gracie claims Mark died 2 weeks ago. Gracie found Helena after she told her about Sister Urina. Alison and Donnie help Felix set up. Delphine and S meet with Ferdinand. Hashem Al-Khatib has been bribing governments to obtain genetic info for Neos. Collin arrives at Felix’s art show. Gracie lies about Helena’s location. Felix shows off the clones at his art show. Adele reveals that S and Delphine have been working with Ferdinand. Art arrives at the Art show. (Ezra the Art Guy) S prepares a bouquet. Helena finds Gracie’s Phone. Several of the Neolution board members committed suicide. Rachel betrays Ferdinand. Maddie kills Gracie. Helena is captured. Neolution gets exposed. Ferdinand assaults Rachel. Ezra wants to exhibit Felix’s work in New York. Felix introduces Collin to S. Hell Wizard raps at Felix’s show. S and Ferdinand talk about the files and die.

(Around Week 36 of Helena’s Pregnancy) ~August 2013 Day 22 They hold a funeral for S. Sister Irina leaves Helena’s journal for Sarah. Helena is at 35 weeks. Helena is being transported with Mark and Coady. Art and Felix visit Tachel at The Regent hotel. Westmoreland is being treated at the birthing facility. 4 days since Felix’s art opening. Art investigates Maddy. Ian Van Leer and Francine Blair have been found dead. Seon Packe Korean found hanged. Jules Marten reported missing by his wife. 3 board members left including Al-Khatib. Art kills Fronternac. Virginia euthenizes Mark. Helena begs for freedom. Al-Khatib calls Westmoreland to offer him Rachel. Helena attempts suicide. Sarah infiltrates as Rachel but is exposed. Coady performs the transfusion. Scott enters the Dyad wing where Helena is being held. Helena breaks Coady’s face and escapes. Sarah leaves Helena in the basement. Maddy is taken down. Felix and Donnie are outside waiting to take them home. Westmoreland takes meth. Maddy is found. Westmoreland shoots Coady’s assistant. Helena kills Coady. Sarah kills Westmoreland. Art and Sarah help Helena deliver.

22 April 2014 Krystal receives the cure.

11 May 2014 Gillian West receives the cure.

Day 23 Post 11 May 2014 Helena is living in her suite in Alison’s garage. Donnie is a regional manager of an architect company. Sarah is studying for her high school equivalency test. (Stephanie Wald, Orlando Florida, 167G23, Early Onset Clone Disease) (Gillian West, El Paso Texas, Cured May 11) Tony from Cleveland. Krystal from Kingston Ontario, Cured April 22. Art found 5 Ledas. Camila Torres, Cartagena. Felix arrives from his opening in New York. Sarah has the For Sale sign at the house. Sarah doesn’t take the exam. Everyone attends Helena’s baby shower, including Collin. Charlotte is permanently living with Art. Jemma and Kira help Helena open gifts Felix meets with Rachel who now has a glass eye. Rachel gives Felix the list of the Ledas. List contains 274 Ledas. 

Day 24 Cosima and Delphine are in Columbia to cure Camila and afterwards are headed to Brazil to cure 14 Ledas there. Sarah keeps the house.

[libertasis-moved]

— 𝐓𝐈𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐕𝐄 𝐑𝐎𝐆𝐄𝐑𝐒 / 𝐂𝐀𝐏𝐓𝐀𝐈𝐍 𝐀𝐌𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐀 , * this is subject to change as i think of more to add, but this is the basis and the timeline that i will be following throughout my default verse. only really taking inspiration from the first captain america movie, the rest is all headcanon based.

FEBRUARY 4TH, 1893:  joseph ‘ joe ’ steven rogers is born in dublin, ireland to steven william john rogers and mary-ann helen rogers. AUGUST 15TH, 1895:  sarah colleen collins is born in dublin, ireland to ian grant collins and elizabeth jean collins. APRIL 9TH, 1913:  joe and sarah get married in dublin, ireland. UNKNOWN DATE, 1913:  joe and sarah immigrate to brooklyn, new york city to live the american dream. JULY 28TH, 1914:  the great war (world war one) begins. UNKNOWN DATE, 1914:  joe is enlisted into the war, serving in the 107th infantry. sarah serves as a nurse back in new york. UNKNOWN DATE, 1918:  joe is shot overseas and is honourably discharged. JULY 4TH, 1918:  steven grant rogers is born in new york city, usa to joseph steve rogers and sarah colleen rogers. NOVEMBER 11TH, 1918:  the great war ends.

UNKNOWN DATE, 1920:  joe is employed at the docks, sarah continues to work at the hospital as a nurse. UNKNOWN DATE, 1923:  joe loses his job at the docks, he struggles to pick up another and turns to alcohol and gets heavily involved with loan sharks and taking out loans. the rogers’ family is in debt. UNKNOWN DATE, 1924:  steve starts attending the florence nightingale school. SEPTEMBER 23RD, 1926:  joe rogers dies of influenza. steve is eight years old. UNKNOWN DATE, 1926:  steve rogers meets james buchanan ‘ bucky ’ barnes. UNKNOWN DATE, 1927:  sarah begins taking on additional jobs, atop her shift as a nurse to keep a roof over her and steve’s head, but hopefully begin to pay off the debt left to the loan sharks after joe’s death. UNKNOWN DATE, 1930:  steve picks up a paper round, to help his mother with paying off his father’s debts. UNKNOWN DATE, 1931:  steve finishes his education at the florence nightingale school and begins attending george washington high school. UNKNOWN DATE, 1935:  steve finishes his education at the george washington high school. NOVEMBER 1ST, 1936:  sarah rogers dies of tuberculous, steve is eighteen years old. he is now the sole survivor of the rogers’ family. UNKNOWN DATE, 1937:  steve begins attending the auburndale art school with bucky. UNKNOWN DATE, 1938:  steve stops attending the auburndale art school. UNKNOWN DATE, 1938:  down at coney island, steve draws and sells his artwork along the boardwalk for ten cent a piece. SEPTEMBER 1ST, 1939:  world war two begins.

DECEMBER 7TH, 1941:  the united states enters the second world war. UNKNOWN DATE, 1941:  bucky trains steve at goldie’s boxing gym before they go enlist together. bucky is accepted, steve is not. JUNE 14TH, 1943:  steve and bucky attend the world exposition of tomorrow before bucky is shipped out. steve is approached by doctor abraham erskine and is recruited into the united states army through project rebirth. JUNE 15TH, 1943:  steve begins his training at camp lehigh, under the supervision of colonel chester phillips.  JUNE 22ND, 1943:  project rebirth is put into motion. steve rogers is injected with the super soldier serum and is transform into the world’s first super soldier. abraham erskine is assassinated by an operative of hydra. after erskine’s death, steve is unwilling to be kept around for research and is given an ultimatum. JUNE 23RD, 1943:  steve rogers begins his uso tour as american propaganda. given the name captain america, he becomes a national celebrity, appearing in films, comic books and card collections. UNKNOWN DATE, 1943:  using the money from his uso tour, steve is able to pay off his father’s debt. NOVEMBER 3RD, 1943:  steve’s tour takes him to italy, where he performs for the soldiers fighting overseas. he learns of the 107th capture, which includes the capture of bucky barnes. steve goes behind colonel phillips back and performs a rescue mission behind enemy lines. captain america saved the lives of four hundred men. NOVEMBER 4TH, 1943:  the howling commandos are formed, consisting of steve rogers, bucky barnes, dum dum dugan, gabe jones, jim morita, james montgomery falsworth and jacques dernier. MAY 6TH, 1944:  captain america is present at operation overload (the battle of normandy). UNKNOWN DATE, 1944:  captain america punches h*tler. UNKNOWN DATE, 1945:  outside stalingrad, captain america and the howling commandos rescue over one thousand men. FEBRUARY 1ST, 1945:  the howling commandos board a train and capture armin zola, in the ensuing battle against hydra agents, james buchanan ‘ bucky ’ barnes falls from the train and is presumed dead. FEBRUARY 4TH, 1945:  steve, whilst mourning the death of his best friend vows to defeat hydra and the red skull. FEBRUARY 5TH, 1945:  captain america attacks the hydra headquarters! the red skull escapes in the valkyrie, but captain america boards before take off. an ensuing battle occurs on the ship, until captain america defeats the red skull. the valkyrie was set on auto pilot to fly over major cities across the states and drop bombs, but steve crashes the valkyrie before this can happen, off the coast of greenland. captain america is presumed dead. MARCH 4TH, 1945:  the disappearance of captain america is publicly revealed. MARCH 5TH, 1945:  newspapers and radios begin to report on captain america’s disappearance and presumed death. MAY 8TH, 1945:  the allies accepted germany’s surrender, the war ends in the united kingdom. SEPTEMBER 2ND, 1945:  world war two ends.

OCTOBER 5TH, 2011:  a russian oil team discovers the crashed valkyrie. s.h.i.e.l.d. agents are dispatched and whilst exploring the wreck, they found the body of steve rogers, who is still alive and cryogenically preserved in ice. OCTOBER 7TH, 2011:  steve’s body is thawed out of the ice and is moved to new york city. OCTOBER 8TH, 2011:  steve wakes up at a s.h.i.e.l.d base and escapes, only to run out the building into a world he did not recognise.  OCTOBER 9TH, 2011:  steve is sent to another s.h.i.e.l.d. base, where he would stay until he was caught up to speed with everything that has happened in the past sixty-six years. JANUARY 25TH, 2012:  steve is released from the s.h.i.e.l.d base and reenters the world. UNKNOWN DATE, 2012:  captain america joins the avengers. JUNE 4TH, 2012:  captain america becomes the face of multiple campaign videos used at schools across the country. UNKNOWN DATE, 2012:  steve rogers meets sharon carter. OCTOBER 5TH, 2012:  on the one year anniversary of captain america being discovered, the smithsonian institution unveils it’s captain america exhibit. JANUARY 11TH, 2014:  captain america fights against the winter soldier, whom he recognises as his presumed death best friend, bucky barnes. JANUARY 12TH, 2014:  captain america fights the winter soldier for the second time. the fight is brutal and steve almost drowns in the potomac river, until he is rescued by bucky and pulled onto the surface. UNKNOWN DATE, 2015:  during an avengers mission, steve rescues a dog and brings him to a local animal shelter. eventually, steve returns to adopt the same dog, naming him cadet. UNKNOWN DATE, 2016:  steve reaches out and begins to rebuild his friendship with bucky barnes, who has now broken free from hydra. UNKNOWN DATE, 2017:  steve starts to hold sessions at the local community center for war veterans, both past and present. UNKNOWN DATE, 2018:  steve begins to volunteer at the f.e.a.s.t centre. PRESENT DAY:  steve rogers is the leader of the avengers, an avid volunteer and a living legend. more to be added.

[ledenews]

From South Wheeling to the South Seas: Life & Death on a Hell Ship

The 7,000-ton Japanese freighter, Arisan Maru, is churning toward Formosa. Packed in the stifling heat of the ship's holds are 1,782 mostly American and some Allied war prisoners of the Empire of Japan. The men are destined for forced labor camps. Seeing only an unmarked enemy vessel, a U.S. Navy submarine, the USS Shark, fires three torpedoes. Direct hit. Split in two, the Arisan Maru slips beneath the waves in less than two hours. While most of the POWs escape the sinking ship, they are left to die on the open sea. The Japanese navy attempts no rescue. Only nine men survive. It is the largest loss of life at sea in American history. Among the dead is 42 year-old Private First Class Frederick William Elkes, a 17-year veteran of the U.S. Army Air Force, 17th Pursuit Squadron, 24th Pursuit Group. Stationed in the Philippines, the South Wheeling boy who grew up on McColloch Street, was captured during the fall of Bataan. The Freddie Elkes Collection We know a little more about the life and death of Frederick “Freddie” Elkes thanks to a collection donated to the Ohio County Public Library Archives by his relatives. The collection contains letters sent home by Freddie, primarily to his father, hardware store owner Michael Elkes, during Freddie's years while stationed in the Philippines; letters from the U.S. War Department regarding Freddie's capture by Japanese Imperial forces after the fall of Bataan and subsequent status as a prisoner of war; censored postcards sent to his father while Freddie was a POW; an assortment of small photographs of Freddie with military planes and a few of his friends; and finally, the heartbreaking letters from the War Department notifying Michael that his son had been lost at sea. Frederick William Elkes was born in Wheeling on June 24, 1902 to Michael Joseph Elkes and Della Bowman, who later divorced. He had a sister named Hazel. Freddie joined the US Army in 1927 and reenlisted three times. By July 1935, he was stationed as a mechanic at Nichols Field at Rizal, Philippine Islands, with the 28th Service Squadron of the Army Air Corps. In his letters home from the Philippines, Freddie frequently remarked about the intense heat and the heavy rainfall. Yet, he said, his asthma wasn't bothering him. In a letter dated November 27, 1935, Freddie wrote that he was in “hot water,” and feared he might be court-martialed and dishonorably discharged for “fraud enlistment” as he apparently failed to tell the Army he was married (a short-lived marriage to a woman named Ruby) before his last enlistment. He asked his father for a loan so that he could pay $150.00 for the right paperwork to “get out of it.” In August 1937, Freddie wrote his father that he was no longer in the Army. He had purchased his discharge in February and was working for the H.E. Heacock Co. of Manila in the refrigeration department. “Japan and China situation looks pretty bad,” Freddie wrote. “I expect most any time for them to call me back in the service again.” The last letter in the collection from Freddie in the Philippines is dated December 6, 1939, two years before Pearl Harbor. In it, Freddie said he intended to come home sometime in 1940. He asked his father if he had heard from Ruby. “I have written several letters to Texas and they were returned to me.” The Fall of BataanFrederick Elkes was serving in the Philippines when Bataan fell in April 1942. His father received a letter from the War Department dated August 1, 1942. Freddie was officially listed as “missing in action” at that point. The family would not receive official notice from the War Department of Freddie's prisoner of war status until late January 1943. Meanwhile, in its September 14, 1942 edition, Life Magazine ran a story titled “Japs Lie About U.S. Heroes.” The article detailed the attempts by the Japanese to use American and Allied prisoners of war for propaganda purposes. Remarkably, family and friends immediately recognized the face of Freddie Elkes in two of the photos included in the piece. At that point they believed he was being held at the Shanghai Concentration Camp. Postcards from Behind Enemy Lines A typical censored postcard. OCPL Archives.>After finally receiving official notice of his son's POW status in January 1943, Michael Elkes was contacted by the Army's Provost Marshal General's Office regarding the procedure for communicating with Freddie. He was advised to use a specific form, to avoid putting any war slogans on the envelope, and to be aware that the letter would have to pass through Army censors. Letters to prisoners of war held by Japan, he was told, were to be limited to twenty-four words, the approximate length of this sentence. The collection also contains a series of censored postcards from Freddie to his father, with a return address of “Philippine Military Prison Camp #1.” Each provides a brief health checklist and a space for a message limited to fifty words. In one postcard, he said, “Give my best regards to Viola . Tell her to have something good on the stove for I may drop in anytime.” In another of the postcards, Freddie complained that his asthma, which had never been an issue in his time in the Philippines, was now bothering him. He asked for tobacco, papers, and coffee. And as if in reply, in an undated letter addressed “POW Philippine Islands,” Freddie thanks his father for sending “Bull Durham cigarette papers, candy, soluble coffee, and etc.” Japanese characters on the top of the page indicate that the letter was also censored. Such was the state of communication between Freddie Elkes and his loved ones during his final days. Bataan After finally receiving official notice of his son's POW status in January 1943, Michael Elkes was contacted by the Army's Provost Marshal General's Office regarding the procedure for communicating with Freddie. He was advised to use a specific form, to avoid putting any war slogans on the envelope, and to be aware that the letter would have to pass through Army censors. Letters to prisoners of war held by Japan, he was told, were to be limited to twenty-four words, the approximate length of this sentence. One of the most interesting pieces in the collection is a message in Freddie's own handwriting on the back of an application by a Chinese merchant for re-admission to the Philippine Islands. It is an official US Immigration form, featuring a photograph of the Chinese merchant. In May of 1945, about a month before he was notified officially that Freddie had been lost at sea, Michael Elkes received the letter from the Provost Marshal General. The cover letter explained that it had been “captured from the Japanese by our Armed Forces during the liberation of the Philippine Islands...These messages were apparently intended for an enemy short wave broadcast.” His captors apparently used whatever paper was on hand, raiding US Government files and forcing prisoners to write these messages for later propaganda use. In his message Freddie recalls the initial attack on Nichols Field on December 7, 1941, which of course, is better known as Pearl Harbor Day. Freddie goes on to explain that he went to Bataan on December 25, 1941 and then to the “beach defense until the day of surrender. April 8, 1941.” Although, under duress, Freddie wrote the wrong year, we know from this message that he fought at Bataan and was taken prisoner after the surrender in April 1942.  This means that Freddie was probably forced to participate in the horrific Bataan Death March, though we have no further documentation to support this. But the probability of it makes his story all the more heartbreaking. Life & Death on a Hellship In a letter dated August 25, 1944, Michael Elkes was notified by Col. Howard F. Bresee, Assistant Director of the Prisoners of War Division of the Provost Marshal General's Office, that Freddie was being transferred to another prison camp.  Just two months later, Freddie was aboard the “Hellship” Arisan Moru when she was sunk, as detailed above. So what were "Hellships," and what was it like for Freddie Elkes and his fellow POWs on board the Arisan Moru? By 1944 when Freddie was transported, General MacArthur's forces were close to the big return to the Philippines as the General had promised, and the Japanese were hurriedly evacuating prisoners.  Most were taken to mainland Japan to work as slave labor, often for private companies. They were typically packed into cargo ships. More than 21,000 of the 126,000 POWs transported on such "Hellships" died as a direct result. The Japanese refused to identify these ships as POW transport, so American and Allied submarines often sank them, as happened here. Conditions on board such ships were, indeed, reminiscent of Dante's Inferno: men were packed into the holds in a standing position in virtual darkness for weeks on the open sea with little room to breathe; the heat and humidity were stifling; there was little water or food; and no toilets meant standing in their own waste for the duration. Men vomited or passed out from the heat. Some died from it. Some suffocated. Others were trampled to death. Their bodies were simply thrown overboard. Those who survived were driven nearly mad by the constant threats from their captors combined with the sounds of explosions of depth charges outside the ship. Some broke. There were fights among the men. Suicide attempts. Even murders. Survivors reported praying for a torpedo to hit the ship just to end their suffering. The Arisan Maru was part of a 17 ship convoy. As she lay broken in the water after taking three torpedo hits from the USS Shark submarine, the Japanese guards on board cut the rope ladders to the hold in an attempt to prevent the POWs from escaping. They stood guard with guns ready as the ship slowly sank. Soon, most of the Japanese had abandoned ship and were rescued by a destroyer. Any POWs who approached the destroyer were beaten back. They were left to die, and most of them did, including Freddie Elkes. It took nearly a year before Michael Elkes received official notice from the War Department regarding his son's death in a letter dated June 18, 1945. A Memorial Day Salute: Frederick Elkes. On this Memorial Day, May 29, 2023, 78 years after the sinking of the Arisan Moru in the South China Sea, we salute the men who died, especially Wheeling's own, PFC Frederick William Elkes, United States Army Air Corps. Freddie and his comrades sacrificed all and suffered unimaginable horrors in the process. They could not have anticipated the tribulations they would be forced to endure, but they served willingly and bravely in far away lands, knowing they might not survive. We salute them. In an age when words like "courage" and "sacrifice" are breathed all too cheaply and frequently into the common air, we do well to remember these men whose deaths bring meaning and gravitas back to our most hallowed words. For his honorable service and sacrifice, Frederick Elkes, the South Wheeling boy, was posthumously awarded the Purple Heart. His name is inscribed on the Tablets of the Missing at the Manila American Cemetery in Manila, Philippines. And the name Frederick William Elkes was one of the first inscribed on the West Virginia Veterans Memorial in Charleston. Memories in Hand: Frederick Elkes Participate in the Memories in Hand: Veterans Project Are you a U.S. military veteran from the Wheeling/Ohio Valley area? Do you have a relative or close friend who served? If so, we invite you to participate in an ongoing project of the Ohio County Public Library Archives called, “Memories in Hand,” a part of our Wheeling Memory Project . If you are veteran, just bring a photo of yourself in uniform. If you are a friend or relative, just bring a photo of your veteran in uniform. If you are also in the photo, that’s great, but not required. And the photo can be from any time period, any war, wartime or not. We will take a photograph of your hands holding the photograph and create an image, like the example of Frederick Elkes you see above, featuring a brief quote. These images will be made the perfect size for a Facebook cover image, and we encourage you to use them accordingly, especially on Veterans Day and, as appropriate, on Memorial Day. Just send us an email or give us a call at 304-232-0244 so that we can arrange a time. Please help us honor the brave men and women who have served our country with “Memories in Hand,” stories through photographs of veterans, by veterans themselves, and the people who love them. Memories in Hand on Archiving Wheeling: http://www.archivingwheeling.org/blog/memories-in-hand Sources Elkes, F. “Frederick Elkes prisoner of war collection.” Ohio County Public Library Archives. Special Collections/Archives 2016-001. “Hell Ship: Arisan Maru” Bataan Project. https://bataanproject.com/category/hell-ships/arisan-maru/ “Japs Lie About US Heroes.” Life Magazine. Vol. 13. No. 11. September 14, 1942. Lawton, M. Some Survived: An Eyewitness Account of the Bataan Death March and the Men Who Lived Through It. Algonquin Books. 2004. Michno, G.F. Death on the Hellships: Prisoners at Sea in the Pacific War. Naval Institute Press. 2001. Proudfoot, C.N. “Hellships of World War II.” West Virginia Memory Project. http://www.wvculture.org/history/wvmemory/vets/hellships.html. Accessed 11-10-2016. Saylor, T.S. Long Hard Road: American POWs During World War II. Minnesota Historical Society, 2007. Read the full article

[saintslipsarchive]

𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐨𝐧 : 𝐨𝟑

a timeline of events for serena’s life,  with the years  &  ages.   most of the years can be flexible,  this is mostly just for the sake of plotting  &  getting things figured out !

TRIGGER WARNINGS:   mentions of murder,  suicide,  death,  &  stalking.   all mentions are brief  &  succinct. 

march 14,  1925 :   the year serena is born.

july,  1935,  age 10 :   meredith carlisle,  serena’s cousin,  goes missing.

september,  1939,  age 14  :   world war ii begins.

may,  1940,  age 15  :   serena’s father,  julian,  is murdered in the streets by an unknown person.   the murder is politically motivated,  by his speaking about the united states joining the world war.

december,  1941,  age 16 :   her brother,  august,  is drafted for the war  &  sent away.

february,  1942,  nearly 17 :   amelie takes serena away from new york,  on a ship to france.   the ship is attacked,  &  serena is one of the few survivors.   unable to go back,  she continues to france and meets up with her aunt sophia.   she lives in a cottage with her aunt,  uncle,  and her cousin,  henri. 

april,  1943,  age 18 :   serena meets hollis martin,  who quickly becomes obsessed with her due to the resemblance between herself and his deceased wife.   serena sends letters back and forth to her brother,  &  to the rest of her family.   they make plans for serena to join them again once the war ends.

1944,  age 19 :   throughout the year,  serena continues to write letters to her loved ones.   she picks up the violin,  writes poetry in her journal,  &  overall indulges in her hobbies.   during this time,  she is befriended,  and stalked,  by hollis. 

september 28th,  1945,  age 20 :   unable to cope with the idea of serena leaving,  hollis murdered serena  &  kept her body,  until he was found out.

october,  1945 :   news of serena’s death reaches new york.   august,  in his grief,  commits suicide.   serena’s body is stolen from the morgue before it can be sent to new york by a small group of scientists calling themselves leviathan.   serena is resurrected,  &  has many tests run on her body.

november,  1945 :   news of the heiress serena carlisle’s death is global,  &  so is the news of her older brother’s suicide.   stricken with extreme grief,  serena stays with leviathan,  unable to think of anywhere else to go  &  being thoroughly manipulated by the head of the group,  adam flores.   she submits to testing,  &  is basically their lab rat for the ability to make people immortal.   she’s kept weak  &  sickly,  but she manages to meet another of their lab rats, casimira. 

may,  1950 :   serena stays with them for five years,  until she escapes with casimira.   casimira dies within the next few weeks,  unable to survive without the drug they had given her.   she encourages serena to live freely,  but stricken by grief,  serena is unable to move on.

june,  1950 :   serena breaks into the jail where hollis is kept,  &  kills him.   after that,  serena returns to fortress where she and casimira were kept,  and murders a few of the guards on her way to adam.   while she succeeds,  he still manages to give her one last gift,  a slow acting poison that he concocted.   serena leaves the fortress to the forest valley below,  &  as the poison begins to sink in,  she lays herself to rest between the roots of an overgrown tree.

may,  2000 :   she sleeps for fifty years,  &  awakens in spring with all the flowers and blossoms.   she reunites with one of her family members,  her brother’s son,  ashton carlisle,  and sees her brother’s image in him;  it makes her open up to him,  and ashton shares his father’s last unsent letters,  &  his notes left,  and shows serena the books ashton had written about her  &  august.   in exchange for the money that had been in her trust fund,  serena allows a few experiments and cooperation with finn,  the son of her cousin chase,  who was a doctor  &  scientist.

she remains a family secret to only a few select family members.   she requests that everything be kept private,  and she begins to get adjusted to life again.

march,  2001 :   serena decides to go to university,.

2001  &  on :   as an extremely intelligent girl,  she she graduates early and gets her masters degree in art history,  as well as specializing in history,  restoration,  &  museum studies.   she is given the job of being the curator at the carlisle family museum,  &  interns at the new york metropolitan museum of art.

she tends to just say she has a young face  --  which is true.   she’s quite shy,  &  doesn’t always deal with business face to face unless she has to.   people tend to believe what you tell them ;  so serena lies often to keep her secrets,  &  thus no one has ever caught on to her...   yet.

in her spare time,  serena still enjoys her old hobbies,  &  has been doing research on leviathan to see what became of the surviving members. 

[hnd1atyler]

Portraiture Through The Ages

In the 1940′s, camera technology wasn't as advanced as it is to this date, however within this time period, camera technology was considered the most advanced of its time period.

Beginning with the lowest of the low, we have the Kodak Brownie Flash Six-20...

The brownie box, being sold at $6.00 which was introduced in July 1946, is made from a metal box body, with a strange shape. It features an optical direct vision finder, a built-in closeup lens, and time exposure capability. It also accepts a cumbersome flashgun.

The Brownie Flash Six-20 camera was quite a popular camera in its time because of it's indestructibility, taking the place of the modern-day compact or cell phone camera in terms of market penetration.

This camera now sells for around $20-$30.

Up from this, we have the cheap folding cameras like the Agfa Isolette/Ansco Speedex.

There are two models of the Agfa Isolette, The early model, produced before and during WW2 and the later, produced after WW2. This camera, made by Agfa Kamerawerk AG, Munich, Germany, was named the ‘solders camera’ or ‘Soldatenkamera’. There were many different lens/shutter combinations to this camera, making it impressive in its time period.

The late model was made from 1946 till 1950 with the name writing as Jsolette or Isolette. The camera offered many different lens/shutter combinations, like f/4.5 Agnar, Apotar or Solinar lenses and Prontor, Prontor-S or Compur-Rapidshutters.

This camera costed around $15 back then, but are now sold for around $100-$500.

The Ansco Speedex camera was introduced in early 1940. The camera is labeled on the front as a Agfa B2 Speedex with a 85mm f/4.5 lens. It was actually made in Binghamton, NY when Ansco and Agfa merged. There are no interlock which prevents double exposures. 

It is unknown its original price, but it is however sold for around $30-$70 modern day.

We next have the next technological progression, the high-end folding cameras. Equipped with the occasional rangefinder, these devices were even more expensive but were equipped with advanced lenses and shutters. The Kodak monitor 620, is a prime example of these types of cameras.

This camera was introduced between 1939 and 1948, originally sold for $48.50, now selling for around the same price. The camera has advanced features such as an automatic frame counter, double exposure prevention, an uncoupled depth of field scale, and dual viewfinders. This camera was extremely well produced and still is capable of capturing amazing images.

The Leica and their various camera models had produced photojournalism cameras for the international market since the early 1930′s and showed to be productive and effective on the market.

The Leicia IIIc was introduced 1940–1951. This was and still is a very valuable camera model, selling now for around $700-$1000, It was said to have took up 5% of the professional photography market.

Perhaps the most recognisable and famous most used camera of that time was the press cameras, the huge boxy cameras with the wireframe finders and flashbulbs.

These camera targeted 90% of the newspaper photography market 9 out of ten photographers who worked for news agencies chose Graflex models, one of the most popular brands of that time along side Busch (as shown in this image).

These were sold roughly for $3000 alongside with accessories and other gear. These cameras were the best of the best with the manufacturers pulling out all the stops to produce solid press cameras.

This is an iconic image taken on a Graflex by Joe Rosenthal.

Photographers in the 1940′s

Carl Mydans prepared himself from an early age for his lifelong involvement with journalism. Between 1940 and 1944, Mydans and his wife Shelley Mydans were in Asia, first covering Chungking in its stand against the Japanese bombings, then in Burma, Malaya and the Philippines. While in the Philippines they were both captured by the Japanese and imprisoned for 21 months. This, however, did not deter Mydans, as he went on to photograph many more wartime situations after his release. Mydans recorded photographic images of life and death throughout Europe and Asia during WW2 travelling over 45,000 miles.

General Douglas MacArthur Landing at Luzon, Philippines, 1945. ‘Blue Beach’, Dagupan, Island of Luzon, Lingayen Gulf, Philippines.

Casualties of a mass-panic during a Japanese air raid in Chongqing in 1941.

Joe Rosenthal spanned more than 50 years, he is best known for a single image: Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima.

The photograph of six men on a tiny island in the Pacific was immediately a symbol of victory and heroism, and became one of the most famous, most reproduced and even most controversial photographs of all time.

Flag Raising on Iwo Jima, 1945.

U.S. Marines of the 28th Regiment, fifth division, cheer and hold up their rifles after raising the American flag atop Mount Suribachi on Iwo Jima, a volcanic Japanese island, on Feb. 23, 1945 during WW2.

Toni Frissell trained as an actress and worked in advertising before devoting herself to photography.

Frissell had a major contribution to fashion photography  in the 1940′s. 

Woman wearing tennis outfit, seated on wall. Toni Frissell. 1947 Febuary.

Eleanor Roosevelt talking with woman machinist during her goodwill tour of Great Britain. Toni Frissell. 1942 November.

Henri Cartier-Bresson is a French photographer, a well-known figure in the history of photography during WW2. His work of spontaneous photographs helped establish photojournalism as an art form. 

He was imprisoned by the Germans in 1940 during the Battle of France and spent 35 months subjected to forced labour in prisoner-of-war camps until, after several failed attempts, he escaped in 1943.

Germany, WW2, Henri Cartier-Bresson 1945.

Crowd waiting outside a bank to purchase gold during the last days of the Kuomintang, Shanghai, China, December 1948.

A fair amount of photographers during the 1940 period relied on documentary styled images, documenting the drastic happenings of that period of time, until In the period after WW2, as the United States entered a period of domestic peace and prosperity, many photographers there moved away from documentary style photography and focused instead mostly on the intrinsic qualities of photography.