#constitutionalist revolution

[captain-price-unofficially]

Caterpillar tractor transformed into a armored flamethrower during tests on the outskirts of the city of Lorena/SP, during the Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932. It was built by São Paulo troops.

[barbucomedie]

Officers Uniform of the Huerta Mexican Navy dated to 1914 on display at the National Museum of the Revolution in Mexico City, Mexico

There were few naval engagements during the Mexican Revolution between the Huertistas and Constitutionalists. The main areas of naval conflict during the revolution was off Topolobampa on the west coast between gunboats as the Huerta government had blockaded the port.

Photographs taken by myself 2023

[russadocachorrobranco]

9 de julho -   Dia da Revolução Constitucionalista de 1932.

July 9 - Day of th Constitutionalist Revolution of 1932.

9 июля - День Конституционалистской революции 1932 года.

[brookstonalmanac]

Holidays 7.9

Holidays

Arbor Day (Cambodia)

ASB Community Action Day

Call of the Horizon Day

Chicken Days begin (Nebraska)

Constitution Day (Australia, Palau)

Constitutionalist Revolution Day (São Paulo, Brazil)

Day of the Employees of the Diplomatic Service (Azerbaijan)

Dinosaur Roundup Rodeo (Utah)

Donkey Kong Day

Family Day (Ukraine)

Fashion Day

Festival of Grand Unified Theories

Flag Day (Chile)

Goat Mother’s Day

Intern Appreciation Day

International Small Arms Destruction Day

Kirkpinar Oil Wrestling Festival begins (Turkey)

Mars

Mint Day (French Republic)

Muffler Appreciation Day

National Camel Toad Hunting Day (Secular Church of the SubGenius)

National Culture Day (Kiribati)

National Dimples Day

National Lavender Day

National No Bra Day

National Student’s Day (India)

Nunavut Day (Canada)

Paper Napkin Day

Rock Around the Clock Day

Shiman Rokusen-nichi (Day of 46,000; Tokyo, Japan)

Special Recreation Day

State Rebellion Day (São Paulo, Brazil)

Traumatic Brain Injury Awareness Day (Ohio)

White Ensign Anniversary Day (UK)

Wimbledon Day

Food & Drink Celebrations

Don’t Put All Your Eggs in One Omelette Day

National Chicken Day

National Sugar Cookie Day

World Pakora Day

2nd Sunday in July

Barn Day [2nd Sunday]

Disability Awareness Day (UK) [2nd Sunday]

Father’s Day (Uruguay) [2nd Sunday]

Festival of the Giants begins (Fête des Géants; France) [Sunday after 7.5]

Lá Cuimhneacháin Náisiúnta (National Day of Commemoration; Ireland) [Sunday closet to 7.11]

Independence Days

Argentina (from Spain, 1816)

Kebec (f.k.a. Alaurentia; Declared; 2017) [unrecognized]

Luxe (Declared; 2009) [unrecognized]

South Sudan (from Sudan, 2011)

Feast Days

Agilulfus of Cologne (Christian; Saint)

Amandina of Schakkebroek (Christian; A Martyr of Southern Hunan)

Caprotinia (Old Roman Female Slave Festival)

Charlotte the Penguin (Muppetism)

St. Clotilde (Positivist; Saint)

Cyril and Companions (Christian; Martyrs)

David Hockney (Artology)

Day of Unn the Wise Person (a.k.a. Day of Remembrance for Ann the Deep Minded; Pagan)

Dharma Day (Buddhist) [Full Moon, 8th Lunar Month]

Ekādaśī Tithi (Self-Purification Festival; Hindism, Vaishnavism) [11th Lunar Day]

Ephrem of Edessa (Christian; Saint)

Everilda (Christian; Saint)

Feast of the Chinese Martyrs (Christian; Martyrs)

Feast of the Martyrs of Gorkum (Christian; Martyrs)

Feast of Our Lady of Peace (Christian)

Feast of Translation of Nicolas (Christian; Confessor)

Gregorio Grassi (Christian; A Martyr of Shanxi)

Invent a Word Day (Pastafarian)

Marija Petković (Christian; Blessed)

Martyrdom of the Báb (Bahá'í)

Martyrs of Gorkum (Christian; Martyrs)

Mary Hermina Grivot (Christian; Saint)

Mojo Nixon Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Our Lady of Itatí (Christian)

Our Lady of Peace, Octave of the Visitation (Christian)

Our Lady of the Rosary of Chiquinquirá (Christian; Saint)

Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus (Christian; Saint)

Rusty (Muppetism)

Sabinus (Christian; Martyr)

Solstitium VI (Pagan)

Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury (Anglican commemoration)

Veronica Giuliani (Christian; Saint)

Zeno (Christian; Martyr)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Fortunate Day (Pagan) [26 of 53]

Tomobiki (友引 Japan) [Good luck all day, except at noon.]

Premieres

American Pie (Film; 1999)

Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (Film; 2004)

The Bears and Bees (Disney Cartoon; 1932)

Black Widow (Film: 2021)

Blowin’ in the Wind, recorded by Bob Dylan (Song; 1962)

Blue, by LeAnn Rimes (Album; 1996)

Despicable Me (Animated Film; 2010)

The Girl Who Played with Fire (Film; 2010)

The Golden Compass (a.k.a. Northern Lights), by Philip Pullman (Nove; 1995) [His Dark Materials #1]

Love and Curses (WB MM Cartoon; 1938)

Loving You (Elvis Presley Film; 1957)

The Office (UK TV Series; 2001)

One of Our Dinosaurs is Missing (Film; 1975)

Pirates of the Caribbean: Curse of the Black Pearl (Film; 2003)

Pluto’s Purchase (Disney Cartoon; 1948)

Predators (Film; 2010)

The Queen Was in the Parlor (WB MM Cartoon; 1932)

Riding Giants (Documentary Film; 2004)

Rookie of the Year (Film; 1993)

Tall Timber (Disney Cartoon; 1928)

This Is a Life? (WB MM Cartoon; 1955)

Tron (Film; 1982)

Winnebago Man (Documentary Film; 2010)

Today’s Name Days

Augustin, Gottfried, Veronika (Austria)

Leticija, Marija, Veronika (Croatia)

Drahoslava (Czech Republic)

Sostrata (Denmark)

Aive, Aivi (Estonia)

Ilta, Jade, Jasmiina, Jasmin, Nanna (Finland)

Amandine, Hermine, Iphigénie, Marianne (France)

Hannes, Hermine, Veronika (Germany)

Pagratios (Greece)

Lukrécia (Hungary)

Letizia (Italy)

Asne, Tusnelda, Zaiga (Latvia)

Algirdas, Algirdė, Leonardas, Veronika (Lithuania)

Gøran, Jøran, Ørjan (Norway)

Anatolia, Heloiza, Hieronim, Lucja, Łucja, Ludwika, Lukrecja, Mikołaj, Patrycjusz, Weronika, Wszebąd, Zenon, Zenona (Poland)

Lujza (Slovakia)

Verónica (Spain)

Götilda , Jörgen, Örjan (Sweden)

Averil, Avery, Junior, Misty (USA)

Amandine (Universal)

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 190 of 2024; 175 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 7 of week 27 of 2023

Celtic Tree Calendar: Duir (Oak) [Day 28 of 28]

Chinese: Month 5 (Wu-Wu), Day 22 (Wu-Chen)

Chinese Year of the: Rabbit 4721 (until February 10, 2024)

Hebrew: 20 Tammuz 5783

Islamic: 20 Dhu al-Hijjah 1444

J Cal: 10 Lux; Threesday [10 of 30]

Julian: 26 June 2023

Moon: 55%: Waning Gibbous

Positivist: 22 Charlemagne (7th Month) [St. Clotilde]

Runic Half Month: Feoh (Wealth) [Day 11 of 15]

Season: Summer (Day 19 of 94)

Zodiac: Cancer (Day 19 of 31)

[if-you-fan-a-fire]

“REVOLUTIONARY FORCES VICTORS AT EVERY TURN,” Brantford Expositor. June 30, 1930. Page 1. ---- In Complete Control of Bolivia After Much Bloodshed --- Attempt at Dictatorship by Dr. Siles Completely Defeated --- LA PAZ, Bolivia, June 30. - (AP) - Victorious at every turn, although not without a heavy price in human life and property, a revolting military group to-day developed plans for restoring the nation to a constitutional basis. La Paz and other cities were without fighting for the first time in a week.

Soldiers of the revolution, venturing abroad to-day, were showered with flowers by exultant citizens of the landlocked republic, happy in their escape from the allegedly at tempted dictatorship of Dr. Hornando Siles, who resigned as president to connive at re-election and permanent place of power.

Dr. Siles and his family were refugees at the Brazilian legation General Hans Kundt, German Commander-in-Chief of the Bolivian armies, was a refugee at the German legation.

Return of the country to a constitutional basis, with free elections and designation of a new chief executive under such conditions that he will not be able to perpetuate himself in office, were said unofficially to-day to be the goal of the new military government,

[brookston]

Holidays 7.9

Holidays

Arbor Day (Cambodia)

ASB Community Action Day

Black Women’s Equal Pay Day 2024 ( website )

Call of the Horizon Day

Carnation Day (a.k.a. Clove Gilliflower)

Chicken Days begin (Nebraska)

Day of the Employees of the Diplomatic Service (Azerbaijan)

Dinosaur Roundup Rodeo (Utah)

Donkey Kong Day

Family Day (Ukraine)

Fashion Day

Festival of Grand Unified Theories

Flag Day (Chile)

14th Amendment Anniversary Day

Goat Mother’s Day

Intern Appreciation Day

International Small Arms Destruction Day

Kirkpinar Oil Wrestling Festival begins (Turkey)

Mars

Mint Day (French Republic)

Muffler Appreciation Day

National Camel Toad Hunting Day (Secular Church of the SubGenius)

National Culture Day (Kiribati)

National Day of Lesbian Visibility (Chile)

National Dimples Day

National Lavender Day

National No Bra Day

National Student’s Day (India)

Paper Napkin Day

Rock Around the Clock Day

Shiman Rokusen-nichi (Day of 46,000; Tokyo, Japan)

Special Recreation Day

State Rebellion Day (São Paulo, Brazil)

Traumatic Brain Injury Awareness Day (Ohio)

White Ensign Anniversary Day (UK)

Wimbledon Day

Food & Drink Celebrations

Don’t Put All Your Eggs in One Omelette Day

National Chicken Day

National Sugar Cookie Day

World Pakora Day

Independence & Related Days

Argentina (from Spain, 1816)

Constitution Day (Australia, Palau)

Constitutionalist Revolution Day (São Paulo, Brazil)

Kebec (f.k.a. Alaurentia; Declared; 2017) [unrecognized]

Louisiana (Readmitted to the Union; 1868)

Luxe (Declared; 2009) [unrecognized]

Nunavut Day (Canada)

South Carolina (Readmitted to the Union; 1868)

South Sudan (from Sudan, 2011)

2nd Tuesday in July

Alpenfest begins (Gaylord, Missouri) [2nd Tuesday thru Saturday]

Carnival Tuesday (Saint Vincent and Grenadines) [2nd Tuesday]

Cow Appreciation Day [2nd Tuesday]

Taco Tuesday [Every Tuesday]

Weekly Holidays beginning July 9 (2nd Week of July)

Panathenaea [Honoring Athena] (thru 7.14) [Every 4 Years]

Festivals Beginning July 9, 2024

Halifax Jazz Festival (Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada) [thru 7.14]

Kansas Wheat Festival (Wellington, Kansas) [thru 7.13]

Michigan Livestock Expo (Coldwater, Michigan) [thru 7.13]

Slavianski Bazaar in Vitebsk (Vitebsk, Belarus) [thru 7.15]

VALAVALA (Melbourne, Australia) [thru 7.11]

Feast Days

Agilulfus of Cologne (Christian; Saint)

Amandina of Schakkebroek (Christian; A Martyr of Southern Hunan)

Barbara Cartland (Writerism)

Basil Wolverton (Artology)

Caprotinia (Old Roman Female Slave Festival)

Charlotte the Penguin (Muppetism)

St. Clotilde (Positivist; Saint)

Cyril and Companions (Christian; Martyrs)

David Hockney (Artology)

Day of Remembrance for Ann the Deep Minded (a.k.a. Audh; American Asatru)

Day of Unn the Wise Person (a.k.a. Day of Remembrance for Ann the Deep Minded; Pagan)

Dharma Day (Buddhist) [Full Moon, 8th Lunar Month]

Ekādaśī Tithi (Self-Purification Festival; Hindism, Vaishnavism) [11th Lunar Day]

Ephrem of Edessa (Christian; Saint)

Everilda (Christian; Saint)

Feast of the Chinese Martyrs (Christian; Martyrs)

Feast of Dionysus and Rhea (Pagan; Everyday Wicca)

Feast of the Martyrs of Gorkum (Christian; Martyrs)

Feast of Our Lady of Peace (Christian)

Feast of Translation of Nicolas (Christian; Confessor)

Goddess Boann (Celtic Book of Days)

Gregorio Grassi (Christian; A Martyr of Shanxi)

Invent a Word Day (Pastafarian)

James Ormsbee Chapin (Artology)

John Fisher (Christian; Martyr)

Marija Petković (Christian; Blessed)

Martyrdom of the Báb (Bahá'í)

Martyrs of Gorkum (Christian; Martyrs)

Martyrs of Orange (Christian; Martyrs)

Mary Hermina Grivot (Christian; Saint)

Mervyn Peake (Artology)

Millennial Fairy Olympics, Day 4 (Shamanism)

Mojo Nixon Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Murphy Anderson (Artology)

Nicholas Peck and His Companions (Christian; Martyrs)

Our Lady of Itatí (Christian)

Our Lady of Peace, Octave of the Visitation (Christian)

Our Lady of the Rosary of Chiquinquirá (Christian; Saint)

Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus (Christian; Saint)

Rusty (Muppetism)

Sabinus (Christian; Martyr)

Saturnino Herrán (Artology)

Solstitium VI (Pagan)

Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury (Anglican commemoration)

Thomas More (Christian; Martyr)

Veronica Giuliani (Christian; Saint)

William Turner Dannat (Artology)

Zeno (Christian; Martyr)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Fortunate Day (Pagan) [26 of 53]

Sakimake (先負 Japan) [Bad luck in the morning, good luck in the afternoon.]

Premieres

American Pie (Film; 1999)

Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (Film; 2004)

Barbie (Film; 2023)

The Bears and Bees (Disney Cartoon; 1932)

Black Widow (Film: 2021)

Blowin’ in the Wind, recorded by Bob Dylan (Song; 1962)

Blue, by LeAnn Rimes (Album; 1996)

Crow Crazy (Andy Panda Cartoon; 1945)

Despicable Me (Animated Film; 2010)

The Girl Who Played with Fire (Film; 2010)

The Golden Compass (a.k.a. Northern Lights), by Philip Pullman (Nove; 1995) [His Dark Materials #1]

Heavenly Puss (Tom & Jerry Cartoon; 1949)

Love and Curses (WB MM Cartoon; 1938)

Loving You (Elvis Presley Film; 1957)

The Office (UK TV Series; 2001)

The Oil Can Mystery (Terrytoons Cartoon; 1933)

One of Our Dinosaurs is Missing (Film; 1975)

Pink Elephants, featuring Farmer Al Falfa (Terrytoons Cartoon; 1937)

Pirates of the Caribbean: Curse of the Black Pearl (Film; 2003)

Pluto’s Purchase (Disney Cartoon; 1948)

Predators (Film; 2010)

The Queen Was in the Parlor (WB MM Cartoon; 1932)

Riding Giants (Documentary Film; 2004)

Rocky Pink (Pink Panther Cartoon; 1976)

Rookie of the Year (Film; 1993)

The Saint on TV, by Fleming Lee (Short Stories; 1968) [Saint #39]

Tall Timber (Disney Oswald the Lucky Rabbit Cartoon; 1928)

This Is a Life? (WB MM Cartoon; 1955)

Tron (Film; 1982)

William Tell (Oswald the Lucky Rabbit Cartoon; 1934)

Winnebago Man (Documentary Film; 2010)

Today’s Name Days

Augustin, Gottfried, Veronika (Austria)

Leticija, Marija, Veronika (Croatia)

Drahoslava (Czech Republic)

Sostrata (Denmark)

Aive, Aivi (Estonia)

Ilta, Jade, Jasmiina, Jasmin, Nanna (Finland)

Amandine, Hermine, Iphigénie, Marianne (France)

Hannes, Hermine, Veronika (Germany)

Pagratios (Greece)

Lukrécia (Hungary)

Letizia (Italy)

Asne, Tusnelda, Zaiga (Latvia)

Algirdas, Algirdė, Leonardas, Veronika (Lithuania)

Gøran, Jøran, Ørjan (Norway)

Anatolia, Heloiza, Hieronim, Lucja, Łucja, Ludwika, Lukrecja, Mikołaj, Patrycjusz, Weronika, Wszebąd, Zenon, Zenona (Poland)

Lujza (Slovakia)

Verónica (Spain)

Götilda , Jörgen, Örjan (Sweden)

Averil, Avery, Junior, Misty (USA)

Amandine (Universal)

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 191 of 2024; 175 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 2 of week 28 of 2024

Celtic Tree Calendar: Tinne (Holly) [Day 3 of 28]

Chinese: Month 6 (Xin-Wei), Day 4 (Jia-Xu)

Chinese Year of the: Dragon 4722 (until January 29, 2025) [Wu-Chen]

Hebrew: 3 Tammuz 5784

Islamic: 2 Muharram 1446

J Cal: 11 Red; Threesday [10 of 30]

Julian: 26 June 2024

Moon: 14%: Waxing Crescent

Positivist: 22 Charlemagne (7th Month) [St. Clotilde]

Runic Half Month: Ur (Primal Strength) [Day 1 of 15]

Season: Summer (Day 20 of 94)

Week: 2nd Week of July

Zodiac: Cancer (Day 19 of 31)

Calendar Changes

Ur (Primal Strength) [Half-Month 14 of 24; Runic Half-Months] (thru 7.23)

[revolutionarywig]

Hi @determinate-negation! sorry I am moving my reply to a post because otherwise it would get too long

To clarify for others: I agree that it's silly to say "the French Revolution went too far", I disagree that "the French Revolution is a bourgeois revolution".

(sorry there's gonna be a lot of tangents.....)

When people say the French Revolution went to far, they are generally talking about 1789-1791 (1792) as the "good years" and 1793-1794 as the "went too far years". This was a really old rhetoric or analysis started around the Restoration (1815-1830) by Liberal historians and constitutionalists, hence why the "liberal" part of the French Revolution was among the first to be rehabilitated.

Now of course that is silly because it creates this illusion that the French Revolution was peaceful at the beginning and only started guillotining people at the end, which is not true because it has always been violent, even when the conservatives and bourgeois were present:

The first National Assembly literally condoned general Lafayette to fire on the petitioners at Champ de Mars

The Assembly also authorized Loi le Chapelier, which banned strikes and authorized martial law/military suppression.

The September Massacre occurred in 1792 during the "early years"

The Law of Suspects was passed at a time when "moderates" (Commonly known as "Gironde", but to say they were moderate is a bit overgeneralized hence the quotation mark) were still in the National Convention.

So yeah, the French Revolution was violent through out the whole thing, there wasn't ever the "bloodless" years as thought by conservative historians who would like to divide the Revolution into two.

So finally my main point, why do I argue that the French Revolution is not a bourgeois Revolution? So while I think it might be fitting to categorize the "early years" as bourgeois (to generalize), the later years, which we think as the most "violent", introduced some of the most progressive acts during the whole Revolution, which tends to be neglected and forgotten because conservative historians focused on how "violent" it was.

The 1793 constitution allowed for universal male suffrage, removing the Marc d'argent that required property eligibility from citizens in 1791. (Altho the constitution was suspended due to war crisis so it wasn't practiced)

Law of General Maximum was decreed in September 1793. It set price limits on all necessities and punished price gouging to attempt to ensure subsistence.

Law of Ventose was decreed in 1794 to divide up the property of exiles and give it to patriots in need (again, we can't really say how well it worked because the government got replaced by conservatives)

In general, the whole constitution of 1793 was an incredibly democratic constitution even by modern day standard. It introduced the concept that the right to existence is first and foremost and placed above freedom of property.

Also all the famous uprisings we associate with the French Revolution: The Bastille, October Women's march, Storming of the Tuileries, etc. Those were all led by the people, the workers, the artisans. And the tie between those people (especially the Paris Commune) with the Jacobin governments is what drove a lot of the events in the Revolution. There was also an incredible amount of lower class women participation in the Revolution and we must not dismiss that.

While a lot of early deputies in the National Assembly are property owners, the same can't be exactly said about the later deputies. Certainly there are property owners and those who try to profit off of it (cough cough Fabre d'Eglantine). But its key heads such as Robespierre, Saint-Just, were never wealthy and never owned property or businesses. Ig also shoutout to Collot was who truly in a sense a sans-culottes who sat at the Committee of Public Safety.

I will concede certain points though: The revolutionaries didn't really enact on complete equality of property. Robespierre quoted it as a "chimera". And the Committee of Public Safety did curtail a lot of sans-culottes movements such as limiting the section meetings and disbanding revolutionary armies in 1794 as a matter of war efforts and tightening control.

However, I want the left to reclaim the French Revolution, to reclaim especially the last half of the revolution. We are losing a lot of symbols to the Right, and there is an insane amount of rhetoric against the French Revolution and dismissing it as a dark time in French history. I don't think this should be so, given its significant progress despite its time and the Revolutions (1848 and 1871) that it will inspire in the future.

the fact that there are scores of tumblr users who will write entire essays on why the french revolution went too far and actually shouldnt be seen as a good thing is insane dawg get over it you lost

[captain-price-unofficially]

Brazilian train transformed into a steel behemoth during the civil war by São Paulo forces in 1932, was nicknamed "Fantasma da Morte" (Ghost of Death)

[yourmexahistory]

The Convention of Aguascalientes

Si algo se puede decir de la revolución mexicana es que fue un conflicto social encabezado por un grupo de personas con ideologías y opiniones muy distintas las unas de las otras. Es por eso que cuando se estudia este periodo no lo podemos ver simplemente como un movimiento en contra de Porfirio Diaz sino mejor como una batalla en busca de la mejor dirección que el país ha de seguir.Esta batalla, sin embargo, ha sido una de dolor y muerte en donde la fuerza bruta dice más que la palabra, a excepción de un momento, “La Convención de Aguascalientes” en donde convencionistas y constitucionalistas, zapatistas y villistas, utilizaron la palabra para exponer y debatir sus puntos de vista.En el teatro Morelos se realizó lo que se ha estado venido hablando desde que el punto de vista internacional de la guerra cambió; si uno ha de librar batallas que se haga a través de la palabra. Aunque después de esta convención la revolución tendría un giro funesto y sangriento, es en mi opinión necesario estudiar este momento cómo una guía para conversaciones a futuro, investigar que fue lo que funciono, cuales fueron las razones que al final esta convención termino no siendo efectiva, y cuál es el lenguaje y los temas que se deberían de dejar afuera de la sala.Al pensar en la diplomacia de la revolución mexicana me llega a la mente Manuel Palafox “El Ave Negra” un zapatista que junto a Zapata logro escribir varias reformas agrarias, cuyos logros no fueron realizados con pistolas y balas sino con la palabra y la escritura. A causa de esto (además de ser gay) él fue víctima de burlas y cuestionamientos a su hombría.Me pregunto que hubiera pasado si los revolucionarios hubiesen dejado el machismo de lado, ya que uno no puede hablar de la revolución mexicana sin mencionarlo, y hubieran, no solo una vez en Aguascalientes, pero cada día que fuera posible optado por la palabra en vez de la guerra para lidiar sus batallas.GOB. DE AGUASCALIENTES. (s. f.). La convención de las Aguascalientes. Gobierno Del Estado de Aguascalientes. Recuperado 21 de abril de 2022, de https://www.aguascalientes.gob.mx/estado/convencionRevolucionaria?classId=781a516b-ba69-4424-bd2a-2806ae1ac486&assignmentId=d58af15d-8601-436d-bb2c-0aa80c3b62b5&submissionId=47ea77ff-474e-c61e-44d9-29b38143f60f

TRANSLATION THROUGH DEEPL 'CAUSE I'M LAZY

If anything can be said about the Mexican Revolution, it is that it was a social conflict led by a group of people with very different ideologies and opinions. That is why when we study this period we cannot see it simply as a movement against Porfirio Diaz but rather as a battle in search of the best direction for the country to follow. This battle, however, has been one of pain and death where brute force speaks louder than words, except for one moment, "The Convention of Aguascalientes" where conventionists and constitutionalists, zapatistas and villistas, used the word to expose and debate their points of view. In the Morelos Theater, what has been talked about since the international point of view of the war changed took place; if one has to fight battles, let it be done through the word. Although after this convention the revolution would have a disastrous and bloody turn, it is in my opinion necessary to study this moment as a guide for future conversations, to investigate what worked, what were the reasons that in the end this convention ended up not being effective, and what is the language and the topics that should be left out of the room.

When I think of the diplomacy of the Mexican revolution, Manuel Palafox "El Ave Negra" (The Black Bird) comes to my mind, a Zapatista who together with Zapata managed to write several agrarian reforms, whose achievements were not made with guns and bullets but with words and writing. Because of this (besides being gay) he was the victim of mockery and questioning of his manhood. I wonder what would have happened if the revolutionaries had left machismo aside, since one cannot talk about the Mexican revolution without mentioning it, and had, not just once in Aguascalientes, but every day that was possible opted for the word instead of war to fight their battles. GOB. OF AGUASCALIENTES (n. d.). The convention of Aguascalientes. Government of the State of Aguascalientes. Recuperado 21 de abril de 2022, de https://www.aguascalientes.gob.mx/estado/convencionRevolucionaria?classId=781a516b-ba69-4424-bd2a-2806ae1ac486&assignmentId=d58af15d-8601-436d-bb2c-0aa80c3b62b5&submissionId=47ea77ff-474e-c61e-44d9-29b38143f60f

[garbage-today]

Monumento de Revolución - Skipping to the End

I’m insanely behind on this blog. At the time of writing, I have been in Sydney Australia for several days. So to skip to the end of the Mexican Revolution:

General Victoriano Huerta seized power and about everyone in the country turned against him.

Pancho Villa (escaping execution yet again) and Emiliano Zapata loosely recognized Venustiano Carranza as the “first chief” of the opposition to Huerta, known as the Constitutionalists.

Huerta got bodied, ran for it, and was granted asylum by the US.

BUT AS IT TURNS OUT Carranza, Villa, and Zapata had very different ideas about what the new government should look like and immediately started fighting among themselves

Zapata kept up his insurgency. Villa’s army was crushed by a general under Carranza named Obergon (who by now could look at the war in Europe in 1915 for some pointers around how good machine guns are).

Pancho Villa basically pulls an Osama bin Laden - attacking the United States to draw it into conflict with his enemies while he hides in a cave. Yes we have absolutely fallen for this multiple times in multiple centuries.

Zapata is betrayed and assassinated. Everyone else gets tired of fighting and an amnesty is put together in 1920.

TLDR: everyone fought this war for different reasons, no one came out terribly happy, the country was monumentally fucked up, and they all hated each other.

Which is why it is pretty funny they put all their bodies in the same monument. Literally each corner of it:

[catsnuggler]

A favorite of mine is "Marching Through Georgia" Sherman did many bad things in his military career (I'm talking about what he did to Native Americans), but fighting for the Union against the Confederacy, and marching past enemy lines into Georgia, destroying Confederate supply lines, and burning down Atlanta, were mighty fine things he did.

I sometimes wonder how different American history would be if the Mexican Revolution of 1910 had bled into the US; particularly if the Magonistas and possibly even Zapatistas would have, in concert with the IWW, SPA, and other socialist and anarchist groups, kicked things off up here. And if only they weren't beaten in Mexico by the Constitutionalists...

If only, if only. Well, we live in this day and age, we'll have to see what we can do.

AAAAAWAY DOWN SOUTH IN THE LAND OF TRAITORS RATTLESNAKES AND ALLIGATORS

[kalopses-sonderes]

Santos Dumont

Santos Dumont, was one of the greatest inventors of aviation that Brazil has ever known, he was best known for his achievements such as the dirigible and the airplane.

He was born on July 20, 1873, in Palmira, since he was a child he has always been fascinated by machines and railroads, from 1898 to 1901 he had 5 failed attempts to make an airship, until with the help of the French government, he created an airship called, number 6.

This airship managed to go around the Eiffel Tower completely, this attempt that was successful ended up making Dumont very famous, letters and journalists would come from several countries asking him how he managed to do this.

On October 23, 1906, in Paris, Dumont created the so famous plane, 14-bis, a plane that had one engine.

This plane is the second model, the first was destroyed after an accident. When the pilot turned on the engine of the 14 bis he flew over the field of Bagattele, without needing the help of a catapult, or ranpa, or winch. The people who were present celebrated the success of the plane.

However, in 1914, France was invaded by the German Empire, it was the beginning of the first world war, with the passage of time airplanes began to be introduced in the war, first for observation of enemy troops and, later, in aerial combats. Air combat became more violent, with the use of machine guns and bombs. Santos Dumont saw, from one hour to the next, his dream turned into a nightmare, Santos Sumont fell into a great depression. In January 1926, he even tried to contact the League of Nations, through his friend and ambassador Afrânio de Melo Franco, to prevent the use of airplanes as weapons of war. He even offered ten thousand francs to whoever wrote the best work against the military use of airplanes. Dumont was the first aeronaut to speak out against the military use of the plane.

In 1932, already old, weak, with bad mental and physical health, he returned to Brazil with the care of his nephew. In the meantime, the constitutionalist revolution took place, in which the state of São Paulo rose against the revolutionary government of Getúlio Vargas. On the 14th, Santos Dumont wrote a letter in favor of "...constitutional order in the country..." to Governor Pedro de Toledo. However, when talking to professor and friend José de Oliveira Orlandi over the phone, Dumont said: “My God! My God! Is there no way to avoid the bloodshed of brothers? Why did I make this invention that, instead of contributing to love among men, becomes a cursed weapon of war? I am horrified by these airplanes that are constantly hovering over Santos”.

But the conflict happened and planes attacked Campo de Marte, in São Paulo, on July 23. Possibly, they flew over Guarujá, and the sight of planes in combat may have caused deep anguish in Santos Dumont who, that day, taking advantage of his nephew's absence, committed suicide.

Santos Dumont, died, because of his own creation.

He only wanted to do good things :(

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.15 (before 1950)

994 – Major Fatimid victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of the Orontes. 1440 – Gilles de Rais, one of the earliest known serial killers, is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by Jean de Malestroit, Bishop of Nantes. 1530 – Appearance of the miraculous portrait of Saint Dominic in Soriano in Soriano Calabro, Calabria, Italy; commemorated as a feast day by the Roman Catholic Church 1644–1912. 1556 – Departing from Vlissingen, ex-Holy Roman Emperor Charles V returns to Spain. 1762 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Signal Hill. 1776 – American Revolutionary War: British forces land at Kip's Bay during the New York Campaign. 1789 – The United States "Department of Foreign Affairs", established by law in July, is renamed the Department of State and given a variety of domestic duties. 1794 – French Revolutionary Wars: Arthur Wellesley (later Duke of Wellington) sees his first combat at the Battle of Boxtel during the Flanders Campaign. 1795 – Britain seizes the Dutch Cape Colony in southern Africa to prevent its use by the Batavian Republic. 1812 – The Grande Armée under Napoleon reaches the Kremlin in Moscow during the failed French invasion of Russia. 1812 – War of 1812: A second supply train sent to relieve Fort Harrison is ambushed in the Attack at the Narrows. 1813 – Followers of the Eight Trigram Sect loyal to Lin Qing attack the Forbidden City in a failed attempt to oust the Jiaqing Emperor of the Qing dynasty. 1816 – HMS Whiting runs aground on the Doom Bar. 1820 – Constitutionalist revolution in Lisbon, Portugal. 1821 – The Captaincy General of Guatemala declares independence from Spain. 1830 – The Liverpool to Manchester railway line opens; British MP William Huskisson becomes the first widely reported railway passenger fatality when he is struck and killed by the locomotive Rocket. 1835 – HMS Beagle, with Charles Darwin aboard, reaches the Galápagos Islands. The ship lands at Chatham or San Cristobal, the easternmost of the archipelago. 1862 – American Civil War: Confederate forces capture Harpers Ferry, Virginia. 1873 – Franco-Prussian War: The last Imperial German Army troops leave France upon completion of payment of indemnity. 1894 – First Sino-Japanese War: Japan defeats Qing dynasty China in the Battle of Pyongyang. 1915 – New Culture Movement: Chen Duxiu establishes the New Youth magazine in Shanghai. 1916 – World War I: Tanks are used for the first time in battle, at the Battle of the Somme. 1918 – World War I: Allied troops break through the Bulgarian defenses on the Macedonian front. 1935 – Nazi Germany adopts a new national flag bearing the swastika. 1940 – World War II: The climax of the Battle of Britain, when the Luftwaffe launches its largest and most concentrated attack of the entire campaign. 1942 – World War II: U.S. Navy aircraft carrier USS Wasp is sunk by Japanese torpedoes at Guadalcanal. 1944 – Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill meet in Quebec as part of the Octagon Conference to discuss strategy. 1944 – The Battle of Peleliu begins as the United States Marine Corps' 1st Marine Division and the United States Army's 81st Infantry Division hit White and Orange beaches under heavy fire from Japanese infantry and artillery. 1945 – A hurricane strikes southern Florida and the Bahamas, destroying 366 airplanes and 25 blimps at Naval Air Station Richmond. 1947 – Typhoon Kathleen hits the Kantō region, in Japan killing around 1,000-2,000 people. 1948 – The Indian Army captures the towns of Jalna, Latur, Mominabad, Surriapet and Narkatpalli as part of Operation Polo. 1948 – The F-86 Sabre sets the world aircraft speed record at 671 miles per hour (1,080 km/h).

[brookston]

Holidays 7.9

Holidays

Arbor Day (Cambodia)

ASB Community Action Day

Call of the Horizon Day

Chicken Days begin (Nebraska)

Constitution Day (Australia, Palau)

Constitutionalist Revolution Day (São Paulo, Brazil)

Day of the Employees of the Diplomatic Service (Azerbaijan)

Dinosaur Roundup Rodeo (Utah)

Donkey Kong Day

Family Day (Ukraine)

Fashion Day

Festival of Grand Unified Theories

Flag Day (Chile)

Goat Mother’s Day

Intern Appreciation Day

International Small Arms Destruction Day

Kirkpinar Oil Wrestling Festival begins (Turkey)

Mars

Mint Day (French Republic)

Muffler Appreciation Day

National Camel Toad Hunting Day (Secular Church of the SubGenius)

National Culture Day (Kiribati)

National Dimples Day

National Lavender Day

National No Bra Day

National Student’s Day (India)

Nunavut Day (Canada)

Paper Napkin Day

Rock Around the Clock Day

Shiman Rokusen-nichi (Day of 46,000; Tokyo, Japan)

Special Recreation Day

State Rebellion Day (São Paulo, Brazil)

Traumatic Brain Injury Awareness Day (Ohio)

White Ensign Anniversary Day (UK)

Wimbledon Day

Food & Drink Celebrations

Don’t Put All Your Eggs in One Omelette Day

National Chicken Day

National Sugar Cookie Day

World Pakora Day

2nd Sunday in July

Barn Day [2nd Sunday]

Disability Awareness Day (UK) [2nd Sunday]

Father’s Day (Uruguay) [2nd Sunday]

Festival of the Giants begins (Fête des Géants; France) [Sunday after 7.5]

Lá Cuimhneacháin Náisiúnta (National Day of Commemoration; Ireland) [Sunday closet to 7.11]

Independence Days

Argentina (from Spain, 1816)

Kebec (f.k.a. Alaurentia; Declared; 2017) [unrecognized]

Luxe (Declared; 2009) [unrecognized]

South Sudan (from Sudan, 2011)

Feast Days

Agilulfus of Cologne (Christian; Saint)

Amandina of Schakkebroek (Christian; A Martyr of Southern Hunan)

Caprotinia (Old Roman Female Slave Festival)

Charlotte the Penguin (Muppetism)

St. Clotilde (Positivist; Saint)

Cyril and Companions (Christian; Martyrs)

David Hockney (Artology)

Day of Unn the Wise Person (a.k.a. Day of Remembrance for Ann the Deep Minded; Pagan)

Dharma Day (Buddhist) [Full Moon, 8th Lunar Month]

Ekādaśī Tithi (Self-Purification Festival; Hindism, Vaishnavism) [11th Lunar Day]

Ephrem of Edessa (Christian; Saint)

Everilda (Christian; Saint)

Feast of the Chinese Martyrs (Christian; Martyrs)

Feast of the Martyrs of Gorkum (Christian; Martyrs)

Feast of Our Lady of Peace (Christian)

Feast of Translation of Nicolas (Christian; Confessor)

Gregorio Grassi (Christian; A Martyr of Shanxi)

Invent a Word Day (Pastafarian)

Marija Petković (Christian; Blessed)

Martyrdom of the Báb (Bahá'í)

Martyrs of Gorkum (Christian; Martyrs)

Mary Hermina Grivot (Christian; Saint)

Mojo Nixon Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Our Lady of Itatí (Christian)

Our Lady of Peace, Octave of the Visitation (Christian)

Our Lady of the Rosary of Chiquinquirá (Christian; Saint)

Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus (Christian; Saint)

Rusty (Muppetism)

Sabinus (Christian; Martyr)

Solstitium VI (Pagan)

Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury (Anglican commemoration)

Veronica Giuliani (Christian; Saint)

Zeno (Christian; Martyr)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Fortunate Day (Pagan) [26 of 53]

Tomobiki (友引 Japan) [Good luck all day, except at noon.]

Premieres

American Pie (Film; 1999)

Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (Film; 2004)

The Bears and Bees (Disney Cartoon; 1932)

Black Widow (Film: 2021)

Blowin’ in the Wind, recorded by Bob Dylan (Song; 1962)

Blue, by LeAnn Rimes (Album; 1996)

Despicable Me (Animated Film; 2010)

The Girl Who Played with Fire (Film; 2010)

The Golden Compass (a.k.a. Northern Lights), by Philip Pullman (Nove; 1995) [His Dark Materials #1]

Love and Curses (WB MM Cartoon; 1938)

Loving You (Elvis Presley Film; 1957)

The Office (UK TV Series; 2001)

One of Our Dinosaurs is Missing (Film; 1975)

Pirates of the Caribbean: Curse of the Black Pearl (Film; 2003)

Pluto’s Purchase (Disney Cartoon; 1948)

Predators (Film; 2010)

The Queen Was in the Parlor (WB MM Cartoon; 1932)

Riding Giants (Documentary Film; 2004)

Rookie of the Year (Film; 1993)

Tall Timber (Disney Cartoon; 1928)

This Is a Life? (WB MM Cartoon; 1955)

Tron (Film; 1982)

Winnebago Man (Documentary Film; 2010)

Today’s Name Days

Augustin, Gottfried, Veronika (Austria)

Leticija, Marija, Veronika (Croatia)

Drahoslava (Czech Republic)

Sostrata (Denmark)

Aive, Aivi (Estonia)

Ilta, Jade, Jasmiina, Jasmin, Nanna (Finland)

Amandine, Hermine, Iphigénie, Marianne (France)

Hannes, Hermine, Veronika (Germany)

Pagratios (Greece)

Lukrécia (Hungary)

Letizia (Italy)

Asne, Tusnelda, Zaiga (Latvia)

Algirdas, Algirdė, Leonardas, Veronika (Lithuania)

Gøran, Jøran, Ørjan (Norway)

Anatolia, Heloiza, Hieronim, Lucja, Łucja, Ludwika, Lukrecja, Mikołaj, Patrycjusz, Weronika, Wszebąd, Zenon, Zenona (Poland)

Lujza (Slovakia)

Verónica (Spain)

Götilda , Jörgen, Örjan (Sweden)

Averil, Avery, Junior, Misty (USA)

Amandine (Universal)

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 190 of 2024; 175 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 7 of week 27 of 2023

Celtic Tree Calendar: Duir (Oak) [Day 28 of 28]

Chinese: Month 5 (Wu-Wu), Day 22 (Wu-Chen)

Chinese Year of the: Rabbit 4721 (until February 10, 2024)

Hebrew: 20 Tammuz 5783

Islamic: 20 Dhu al-Hijjah 1444

J Cal: 10 Lux; Threesday [10 of 30]

Julian: 26 June 2023

Moon: 55%: Waning Gibbous

Positivist: 22 Charlemagne (7th Month) [St. Clotilde]

Runic Half Month: Feoh (Wealth) [Day 11 of 15]

Season: Summer (Day 19 of 94)

Zodiac: Cancer (Day 19 of 31)

[whatifsandspheres]

Revolutionary Catalonia

Revolutionary Catalonia[1] (21 July 1936 – 8 May 1937) was the part of Catalonia (autonomous region in northeast Spain) controlled by various anarchist, communist, and socialist trade unions, parties, and militias of the Spanish Civil War period. Although the Generalitat of Catalonia was nominally in power, the trade unions were de facto in command of most of the economy and military forces, which includes the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT, National Confederation of Labor) which was the dominant labor union at the time and the closely associated Federación Anarquista Ibérica (FAI, Iberian Anarchist Federation). The Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT, General Worker's Union), the POUM (Workers' Party of Marxist Unification) and the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC, which included the Communist Party of Catalonia) were also prominent.

Socialist rule of the region began with the Spanish Revolution of 1936, resulting in workers' control of businesses and factories, collective farming in the countryside, and attacks against Spanish nationalists and the Catholic clergy. The growing influence of the Communist Party of Spain's (PCE) Popular Front government and their desire to nationalize revolutionary committees and militias brought it into conflict with the CNT and POUM, resulting in the May Days and the eventual replacement of the CNT by the PSUC as the major political force in Catalonia until their defeat to the Nationalist forces in 1939.

The governance of Catalonia was deeply rooted in the ideas of anarcho-syndicalism and anarcho-communism, making Catalonia the largest territory in history to have been so governed[citation needed]. Both of these ideologies draw heavily on the ideas of Peter Kropotkin and his book The Conquest of Bread, which lays out a future where the workers form trade unions and take over the management of industry so that companies and businesses are directly controlled by the workers.

The Catalan Civil War, also called the Catalonian Civil War or the War against John II, was a civil war in the Principality of Catalonia, then part of the Crown of Aragon, between 1462 and 1472. The two factions, the royalists who supported John II of Aragon and the Catalan constitutionalists (Catalanists, pactists, and foralists), disputed the extent of royal rights in Catalonia. The French entered the war at times on the side on John II and at times with the Catalans. The Catalans, who at first rallied around John's son Charles of Viana, set up several pretenders in opposition to John during the course of the conflict. Barcelona remained their stronghold to the end: with its surrender the war came to a close. John, victorious, re-established the status quo ante bellum.

For the royalist side, the "rebels" were for having betrayed the fidelity they had sworn to their king; while the anti-royalists considered the royalists "traitors" for not being faithful to the laws of the "land", for being "enemies of public affairs" or simply for being "bad Catalans". Thus, the anti-royalist side developed a new conception of political society in which, according to Catalan historians Santiago Sobrequés and Jaume Sobrequés, "solidarity among the men of a country was produced by having common laws and inhabiting the same land, not as, until then, by the fact of being vassals of the same sovereign». Thus, the modern concept of homeland had emerged that went beyond mere territorial ascription to take on a legal character, so the Catalan rebellion would be, as the French historian Joseph Calmette described, "the first of modern revolutions', hundred years before the Dutch Revolt.

The Catalan independence movement (Catalan: independentisme català;[a] Spanish: independentismo catalán) is a social and political movement (with roots in Catalan nationalism) which seeks the independence of Catalonia from Spain.

The beginnings of separatism in Catalonia can be traced back to regionalist and nationalist movements of the mid–19th century, influenced by romantic ideas widespread in Europe at the time. The first organised Catalan independence party was Estat Català (Catalan State), founded in 1922 by Francesc Macià. In 1931, Estat Català and other parties formed Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (Republican Left of Catalonia, ERC). Macià proclaimed a Catalan Republic within Spain in 1931, subsequently accepting autonomy within the Spanish state after negotiations with the leaders of the Second Spanish Republic. During the Spanish Civil War, General Francisco Franco abolished Catalan autonomy in 1938. Following Franco's death in 1975, Catalan political parties concentrated on autonomy rather than independence.

The contemporary independence movement began around 2009 after a series of events, including the financial crisis of 2007–2008 and the Partido Popular (People's Party) challenging the 2006 Statute of Autonomy in the Constitutional Court of Spain; Catalan municipalities held symbolic referendums on independence between 2009 and 2011. The 2010 ruling of the court that parts of the statute were unconstitutional sparked huge protests, and a snap election in 2012 led to the first pro-independence majority ever in the Catalan parliament. The new government held a "non-binding" self-determination referendum in 2014, which yielded a large majority in favour of independence, but with a low turnout due to boycotting by anti-independence voters. A further election in 2015 was followed by the calling of a new, binding referendum. This was however considered illegal by the Spanish government and the Constitutional Court, as the Catalan government lacks legal jurisdiction to organize referendums. The referendum was nonetheless held in 2017 amidst great political and social controversy, including police violence aimed at stopping it both before and during the voting. Amidst large protests from both the pro and anti-independence camps, the Catalan parliament approved a motion with the aim to proclaim an independent republic, at the same time that the Spanish senate voted to take control of the Catalan institutions until new regional elections. The regional government leaders were arrested in the subsequent weeks, with some fleeing abroad, including then president Carles Puigdemont. In 2019, the new Spanish government agreed to hold a 'table of negotiations' with the government of Catalonia, though refusing beforehand to consider independence or self-determination. In 2020, the Spanish government began processing a request for the pardon of the arrested leaders, which was effective in June 2021.

In the Parliament of Catalonia, parties explicitly supporting independence are Together for Catalonia (JxCat) (which includes Partit Demòcrata Europeu Català (PDeCAT), heir of the former Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya (CDC)); Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC), and Candidatura d'Unitat Popular (CUP). Parties opposed to the regional independence are Ciutadans (Citizens), People's Party (PP), the Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya (PSC) and, since 2021, Vox. En Comú Podem supports federalism and a legal and agreed referendum.

. Magazine - worldurbanplanning.com Location | Plaza de Tetuán, Barcelona, Spain .

The now famous, but at that time radical, urban planner Ildefons Cerdà designed the grid pattern in Barcelona named Eixample. The design has long straight streets, wide avenues, and octagonal square blocks with rounded corners placed in a strict grid pattern. This has given better visibility, air and is the grand hallmark of Barcelona.

Today however, pollution and noise has increased and the city is trying to reduce traffic by 21% and free up almost 60% of streets currently used by cars. The plan is to make 9 of todays blocks into one superblock for biking and walking (“citizens space”) and move the traffic between these superblocks, making fewer big roads and more space for citizens.

Is your city taking some similar measures?

#plaza #plaça #barcelona #spain #españa #espana #worldurbanplanning #architecture #cityplanning #urbanplanning #landscapearchitecture #city #urban #pattern #buildings #architecturelovers #aerial #aerialview #cityplan #urbanplan #block #eixample #planning #도시계획 #바르셀로나 #urbandesign #density #geometry #drone #드론스타그램 (at Plaça de Tetuan, Barcelona)

[if-you-fan-a-fire]

“Aiding the troops. One of the many society women of Sao Paulo who have signed up as nurses while civil war rages.”

- from the Toronto Star. October 18, 1932. Page 21.