#coloured polythene bags manufacturers

[prasad213]

Extrusion Lamination Inks Manufacturers India

Having aligned our Flexographic, Gravure, PP Woven Sack, and Extrusion Lamination ink manufacturing expertise in India with our customer expectations, we have successfully created a colourful band of inks. We firmly believe in customer satisfaction and maintaining consistency in our quality. At ZINKS our supreme quality and expertise have helped us to gain modest success in the international market. Our rotogravure and flexo printing inks can be used on various plastic surfaces like BOPP, HDPE,LDPE, PETBOPP,PVC shrink, polythene bags etc.Our inks offer

[jucofabs]

Plastic and polythene bags should be avoided as people become more environmentally conscious. Do you find a manufacturer and supplier of organic jute mesh bags? Jucofabs is the right place to go. To meet the needs of buyers, wholesalers, and importers, we offer organic jute mesh bags in a variety of shapes, sizes, colours, and designs. It is used for transporting groceries and other purchases. For more information, please call +91 8336924432.

[karthigaenterprises]

Established in the year 2003 at Chennai, Tamil Nadu, we “Karthiga Enterprises” are Sole Proprietorship (Individual)based firm, involved as manufacturer of Stretch Film and Polythene covers & bags and wholesaler of Packing Materials, Personal Protective Equipments, Bubble Roll, PVC & Ketonic Resins, Shrink Film, Welding Consumbales and Colour and Banyan wastes,Bopp Tape.

[supremeplastic]

Supreme Plastic:-Buy Best Manufacturer Plastic Handled Dustbin and Plastic Dustbin Pad in Ghaziabad

If you are looking for a plastic handled dustbin and pad manufacturer in Ghaziabad then you have come to the right place. We, at Supreme Plastic, specialize in manufacturing plastic dustbin and pad in Ghaziabad. We have always been dedicated to providing our customers with the best quality products at a reasonable price.

Our company offers dust bins with handles as well as plastic dust bins which can be used as garbage cans or trash bags depending on their size and shape requirements.

Our plastic dustbins and pad are made of high quality polyethylene, which is durable and long lasting. We also make a wide range of other products, including waste bins, waste bags and plastic containers. Our offered range includes Plastic Dustbin Pad, Plastic Dustbin Cover, Plastic Dust Bin Bag and others.

Our products are made of high-quality plastic, so they will last for many years. We have the right tools to do the job right, including machines that are used to cut the plastic material into different shapes and sizes, which is why we can offer you high quality products at low prices.

Plastic dustbin pad in Ghaziabad

All of us are well aware that plastic dustbin pads are being used more and more these days. This is because they are light in weight, easy to carry and maintain. The dustbin pads used by us at Supreme Plastic are manufactured using only the best quality raw materials. We use high-grade polythene material which is a non-toxic and highly durable. We also use other materials such as polypropylene and polyethylene which are also very durable and long lasting.

At Supreme Plastic, we are a leading manufacturer of plastic dustbin pads. We have been in the industry for many years and have supplied our products to many companies in the region. Our plastic dustbin pad is made from high-quality plastic and has been designed to last longer than other competitors.

We manufacture various types of dustbin pads like polythene bin liners, polythene dustbins, polythene trash bags etc. These products are designed keeping in mind the needs of our customers. They can be purchased from us easily at competitive prices with assured quality.

Plastic Handled Dustbin Pad in Ghaziabad

The plastic handled dustbin manufacturer in Ghaziabad is a reliable supplier of dustbins. We are one of the leading manufacturers of the plastic handled dustbin in Ghaziabad. The plastic handled dustbin is made up of high-quality material and designed in such a way that it can withstand all types of weather conditions. We offer our services to our customers at affordable prices.

The dustbins manufactured by us are made of high grade plastic. These dustbins are strong and durable. We have a huge range of dustbin which includes plastic dustbin, metal dustbin and glass dustbin. These dustbins are available in different colours, designs and sizes. Our customers can avail these products at competitive prices from us. We also provide customization services for our customers.

These dustbins are widely used in kitchens, bathrooms, garages and workshops. Our range of plastic handled dustbins is available with attractive features like smooth sides and corners to reduce the chances of breakage. We also offer these dustbins in different sizes and shapes for your convenience. These dustbins have been designed to withstand heavy duty use for long periods of time without any hassle. We offer these dustbins at pocket friendly prices that make them affordable for everyone!

Supreme Plastic have different types of plastic handled dustbin manufacturers in Ghaziabad such as those who specialize in making plastic handled dustbins for hospitals and those who specialize in making them for restaurants or hotels instead of just households like most other types do. There are also many small businesses that have started up recently but haven't grown very big yet because they don't have enough customers yet because they're still new A plastic handled dustbin is a container made of plastic and used to collect waste. It has a handle that allows you to easily lift it and empty it into your trash bin. If you have an old plastic handled dustbin lying around, there's no need to worry. You can get a new one at Supreme Plastic and make your home look better with a fresh new look! And more information visit our website:- www.supremeplastic.co

[asinfovision]

Poly Bags Manufacturers In Delhi

Our reasonable plastic packs are the most appropriate for various organizations and are the best answer for safeguard your items. They are the most ideal decision for sending pamphlets, magazines, booklets, flyers, and other limited time material for safeguarding contents against residue, dampness and soil. Our plastic packs are fabricated of 100 percent excellent LDPE virgin material. Each pack can save money on transportation cost and is likewise exceptionally light.

All our reasonable plastic packs comply with severe wellbeing rules which guarantee precision in postage costs. A portion of their key highlights are -

Lightweight - Save cash on transportation and mailing costs

Dependable - Made of 160 measure (40 micron) powerful clear polythene

Secure - Locked with long-lasting seal and strip on 40mm lip

Straightforward - Ideal to advance your image with limited time materials

We are one of the main plastic pack providers and producers in India. They are normally made utilizing vinyl, polyethylene and polypropylene. They can hold parts like UV light and warmth and can endure longer.

These sacks are reseal capable packs or enclosable sacks. It implies you can open and stop them on different events. They work with either interlocking zippers or plastic zippers.

Shree Bankey Bihariji Packaging is a well known manufacturers and suppliers of several products such as pp bags,plastic bags,brown tapes etc. But today we are going to discuss about Polythene bags . We are leading  Poly bags manufacturers in Delhi, Noida,Bawal, Dharuheda, Bilaspur, Gurgaon, Manesar, Neermana, Faridabad,Bhiwadi and as well as leading   Poly bags suppliers in Delhi,Gurgaon, Noida,  Bawal, Dharuheda, Bilaspur, Manesar, Neermana, Faridabad,Bhiwadi.

[papershopper]

Marketing Bags - Get The Emblem Seen On The Go!

Marketing Bags have become more and more popular for that marketing products buyer within the Italy and Europe. Having a bag to suit every budget with an incredible selection of fabrics available, there's no excuse not to have your personal company's marketing bag.

The least expensive choice is presently the marketing carrier bag typically produced from polythene. The marketplace is altering only at that level with sales from the inexpensive aperture handled polythene bag being replaced through the contemporary eco-friendly paper bag range which has various styles including Drawtape Bags, Twisted Paper Handled Carriers, and as much as the greater executive inexpensive bag: the gloss laminated rope handled paper carrier bag.

A lot of companies are presently using Jute Bags and PP Weave bags that are hard putting on and could be printed up to and including four color process design. These bags are perfect for high production runs for exhibitions and conferences since they're still great good value. Business users and individuals are equally conscious of fundamental ecological concerns which lead to this eco-friendly kind of stampa shopper in carta having a considerably longer usage existence compared to traditional polythene bag.

Modern Printing Techniques available

The opportunity to print eye-catching four colour process designs to the PP Weave bags increases the retention rate through the recipient. The baggage is going to be used outdoors from the business atmosphere in the weekends for social, leisure and shopping activities too.

For that more active user, the marketing backpack may be the current choice. Generally made form 70D or 210D Nylon or Polyester, these marketing bags are ideal for schools and gymnasiums alike. Reflective trim and safety strips assist with road issues of safety are available inside a great selection of colours to match any corporate look or school colour plan.

Transfer printing techniques have improved greatly during the last decade meaning printing four colour process designs onto these formerly difficult materials has become no challenge towards the modern print shop.

As already pointed out, the ecological message and sentiment is essential to much talked about companies who're dedicated to delivering an eco-friendly message around the world. In the centre priced bracket of marketing bags may be the Eco-friendly Concept Organic selection of rucksacks, Shopper Bags, Shoulder Bags and Holdall Bags. This selection of marketing bags is created from 100% organically created cotton.

Marketing laptop bags

For that busy professional there's an excellent marketing bag selection made available. Marketing Laptop Bags really are a must for a lot of IT based companies using the trends within the marketing market mirroring that in high street shops. When manufactured at source, personalisation can be included to each piece of trim including personalized lining, zip pulls, woven or printed straps in addition to superb emblem reproduction via embroidery, direct screen printing, dye-sublimation printing and embossing.

Marketing Bags from Arcadia

Arcadia is dedicated to supplying marketing bags of the extremely greatest standard and has the capacity to pick from the most effective controlled, ethically focused factories and suppliers in the market. This is done by selecting relevant and fascinating corporate bags that are around online that are only sourced in the most dependable and financially seem suppliers globally.

[ednsgroup]

There are many types of packaging bags available to pack different types of flours. However, among all, the best packaging bags are those introduced in the sixties. Yes, you guessed it right, the pp flour packaging bags. From the time it was introduced to till date, the bag has not lost its charm. It was the number one choice for packing, it is the first choice even today. Be it the besan packaging bags, sugar packaging bags or any other. 

The History Of Polypropylene Bags In The World

The polypropylene was introduced to the world in the late 50s. The chemical composition of polypropylene is similar to polythene, however, it had more strength, harder, resistant to chemical & sun light. All these characteristics made it a better option than its counterpart. 

Later the world accepted these bags. And gradually, it replaced many traditional packaging bags. In India, PP bags came in the 60s and acquired a good market. Presently, there are many manufacturers of PP bags. The use of rice packaging bags, flours PP bags, seed bags, animal feed bags, cement bags, fertilizer bag is prevalent everywhere. For flour packing, these bags are one of the best options. 

PP Bags For Flour Packaging

As said above PP bags are an apt alternative for flour packaging, here are the reasons that make it compatible with the same. 

It Is Highly Customizable - The use of PP bags are not just popular in flour packaging but for many other products. This is because of its flexibility. It can be bespoke to make it befitting for diverse need. E.g. grain bags like wheat packaging bags, maize packaging bags, barley packaging bags are customized to increase its moisture resistance. 

Moisture is one of the biggest threat for grains. If the bag absorbs moisture, the grain inside will also do, which will cause swelling in grains, then will let to moulds and bacterial growth. To make PP bags resistant to moisture, manufacturers add lining or lamination in the bag. Additionally, perforation can be added in the bag to make it breathable. It is good for packing items that are hot at the time of packing. Like this, PP bags give lots of flexibility for customization.

It Has A High Resistance To Chemicals - The PP bags have high resistance to chemicals. The benefits of this characteristic of the woven bag are not limited only up produce packed in it. It is good for grain storage as well. Grain bags like rice packaging bags, wheat bags, maida packaging bags are often packed and stored in a safe place. This is called the stocking up of product. 

To keep the place free from rodents, insects and microorganisms, it is often treated with chemicals. Because the PP bags don’t absorb moisture, the product packed inside remains safe. 

Addition to that, this characteristic of polypropylene fabric make PP bags safe for storing fertilizers and cement as well, which are chemicals.

It Has A Good Strength to Bear Weight - The important part about PP bags is its strength. The manufacturing process of woven bags involves the weaving of polypropylene strips. This gives good strength to bags. These bags can comfortably carry the weight from 25-50 kgs and jumbo bags have even more weight carrying capacity. 

Its high strength and low weight give the packaging industry another benefit. It is possible to pack more grain. Flour packaging bags when transported from one place to another can be loaded more. 

The traditional packaging bags on the contrary has low strength and high weight, which used to add the cost of transportation. 

The Other Characteristics Of Grain Packaging Bags

• It has a high resistance to wear and tear • The bags have an anti-skid surface that makes it easier to stalk in warehouses • The bags are easy to print in different colours. • It seals the moisture of grain, keeping it fresh for a long time. • Easy to lift, good when transported from one place to another.

[prasad213]

Extrusion Lamination Inks Manufacturers India

Having aligned our Flexographic, Gravure, PP Woven Sack, and Extrusion Lamination ink manufacturing expertise in India with our customer expectations, we have successfully created a colourful band of inks. We firmly believe in customer satisfaction and maintaining consistency in our quality. At ZINKS our supreme quality and expertise have helped us to gain modest success in the international market. Our rotogravure and flexo printing inks can be used on various plastic surfaces like BOPP, HDPE,LDPE, PETBOPP,PVC shrink, polythene bags etc.Our inks offer

[naturtrust-usa]

Using Compostable Mailers Instead Of Plastic Packaging Material

Increased consumerism has led to increased production of waste. Wastes in the form of large quantities of synthetic polymers or plastics end up in landfills and oceans, causing immense harm to the environment. 

  Nowadays, firms are trying to address the problem of waste by investing in research to find alternatives to pollution-causing plastics.  One step toward preserving environmental sustainability is the production of compostable mailers. The manufacture of compostable, biobased plastics in the hope that natural degradation will quell at least some of the waste.

Constituents  of compostable mailers

Compostable mailers are made with a combination of fossil-fuel-based PBAT and corn-based PLA bioplastic. Created to fight the increasing plastic problem around the world, PBAT is a good alternative to plastic.

  The polymer PBAT breaks down completely when composted commercially or at home, leaving no residue behind.  Furthermore, its decomposition does not lead to the emission of methane or any other toxic gas. A compostable mailer generally constitutes  70 - 85% PBAT and 15 - 30% PLA. Hence use of compostable mailers made from PBAT and corn-based PLA leaves small carbon footprints in the environment.

  Use of PBAT in the Packaging Industry 

E-Commerce has significantly increased online buying, leading to the movement of large volumes of packages wrapped in packaging material to keep them secure.  Polythene films and bags worked as good packaging material as they protected the product through inclement weather, bad transit conditions, mishandling and other such misadventures that the brought product encounters through its journey from source to destination. This resulted in the creation of a large amount of plastic waste, most of which ended up in landfills.

  By switching to compostable packaging solutions, the industry can significantly reduce plastic pollution. PBAT can be produced at a large scale and has the requisite physical properties to make flexible films like those made from conventional plastics.

  Packaging involves printing inks and adhesives that, even if certified compostable, bring toxins and chemicals into compost. Bioplastic packaging offers no nutrients to compost and instead makes the output wetter, more difficult to manage and more difficult to sell, which in turn makes these operations harder and less economically-viable to run.

  Key Takeaways 

The salient features of compostable mailers far outweigh the negatives. Compostable mailers

are sturdy, strong and durable

are of various sizes and colours,

are water-resistant

are fully compostable

reduce carbon footprints

do not emit toxic gases during composting

tested and certified by composting authoritative bodies

  Compostable mailers provide a modern, alternative solution to the problem of plastic waste. These innovative compostable mailers benefit not only the businesses and consumers but also the environment. If you wish to go green by embracing sustainable living, start buying products that are compostable or biodegradable at NaturTrust.

  Our Source Url : https://naturtrustusa.blogspot.com/2022/07/using-compostable-mailers-instead-of.html

[commercialpackagingsuppliers]

Buy Plastic Mailing Bags from Reputed Manufacturers to Ensure Product Safety

Renowned manufacturers offer varying type of plastic mailing bags utilise for delivery purposes or sending letters and important documents. According to researchers, small businesses prefer sending their products through this packaging as they could also customise their brand logo. Research portals stated that the material ensures safety of the items being shipped from one destination to another.

Importance of Buying Packaging Supplies from Renowned Manufacturers:

People buy courier satchels online as they receive best possible deals and special offers if they plan to bulk purchase for their business requirements. The material utilise is high quality polythene that ensures safety of the items and protects from scratches or dents while shipping. Well-known companies also provide cushioning, bubble wrap and honeycomb padded layers to prevent from potential damages while transporting.

Professionals are knowledgeable enough to advice clients over their queries and guide them to select appropriate material for their product packaging that would provide reliability for longer period. Furthermore, they offer customisation services in case you want brand’s logo, name or specification over the cover for promotional purposes. Renowned suppliers offer different colour options suitable according to client’s preferences.

Perks of Buying Packaging Supplies from Reputed Manufacturers:

Established manufacturers offer wide range of packaging supplies for residential, commercial and industrial purposes depending on individual’s necessity.

The code of conduct provides secure payment portals and rapid delivery services.

Expertly curated program offers cost effective packages without compromising on quality of wrapping material or equipments.

If anyone wants to purchase packaging supplies they should enquire with the best company in the locality or visit their online portal.

[asinfovision]

Shree Bankey Bihariji Packaging is a well known manufacturers and suppliers of several products such as pp bags,plastic bags,brown tapes etc. But today we are going to discuss about Polythene bags . We are leading Poly Tube Rolls manufacturers in Delhi, Noida,Bawal, Dharuheda, Bilaspur, Gurgaon, Manesar, Neermana, Faridabad,Bhiwadi and as well as leading Poly Tube Rolls suppliers in Delhi,Gurgaon, Noida,  Bawal, Dharuheda, Bilaspur, Manesar, Neermana, Faridabad,Bhiwadi.

[crushermachine]

Double Shaft Shredder is the ideal choice for the individuals involved in industries related to plastics processing, chemical identification, environmental remediation and industrial recycling

Double Shaft Shredder is the ideal choice for the individuals involved in industries related to plastics processing, chemical identification, environmental remediation and industrial recycling. They are specifically designed to shred the hard plastic items and bins, protecting product identity and totally destroying them. They help in reducing wastage of valuable products, as they can easily cut through heavy plastics with ease. Moreover, they ensure speedy removal of heavy items and recycled materials, without affecting the quality, texture or colour of the final product. Thus, it is essential for the industries, where wastage of precious resources is a major concern, to install such devices.

China is one of the leading suppliers of such devices that have helped the world to reduce their considerable share in the global waste management, nowadays. The country manufactures high-tech shredders that enable the users to shred almost any kind of plastics from any type of material, at any given time. These devices come with various options that help in dealing with different types of wastes such as plastic bottles, polythene bags, plastic wrappers, newspaper, plastic bags, plastic tarpaulins, polypropylene containers, aluminum cans and other such containers with a great deal of ease. Besides, they also come with an option to recycle the used plastic materials and objects, making it useful for the development of new plastics and to the fuel economy. Thus, plastic crusher machine manufacturerChina has emerged as a leading global supplier of double shaft shredder and other similar products.

In order to get maximum benefits from this important machine, it is essential to find the right distributor that helps in providing the best service. A good distributor will always give customized services to its customers. They will make every effort to meet the demands and needs of customers, whatever the size of the business is. One of the best ways to find a good supplier for this important machine is to do a research on the internet. This is because the internet will provide you with an opportunity to read reviews regarding these machines and their supplies.

[usama-farooq-1111]

High quality Cuticle Nipper and cutter. -------------------- (Material: Stainless Steel -------------------- Size: 11cm (4.5"), 14cm (5.50") -------------------- Colour: Available in (Bright Polish – Satin – Sand – Full/Half Gold Plated – Nickel Plated – Chrome Plated – Titanium Coated Power Coated) -------------------- Packaging Details: Available in (Polythene Bag-Blister-PVC Pouch-Carton Box-Real or Synthetic Leather Pouch -------------------- Shipping: (Worldwide) WhatsApp;+923026602605 Email: desnysurgico@gmail.com We are manufacturer and exporter of all kinds of surgical beauty dental veterinary instrument to world wide and having setup in sialkot Pakistan. #desnysurgico #nail_перезагрузка #nailpolish #nailscissors #nailnipper #nail_master_russia #thenailhub #nailnippers #nailstools #ukrainstore #ukraine🇺🇦 #russianlashes #germany🇩🇪 #staleksscissors #zachódsłońca #zatochka_handmade #zatochka #nails #beautyaccessories #beautyproduct #beautytools #nailproduct #girlsproduct#africanbeauty #usabeauty #antesdepois #барберспб #стрижкабороды #парикмахеркривойрог #tesourasprofissionaisbarberia (at Sialkot Pakistan) https://www.instagram.com/p/CRWxRn0BaTx/?utm_medium=tumblr

[riyaakshah]

Top 4 Reasons for Using Food Grade FIBC for Agricultural Products

The Agriculture industry has evolved tremendously in the past few decades. The industry is constantly innovating and uses new technologies to increase yields and improve the storage and transportation of crops and other agricultural products.

A significant trend in the Agriculture Industry is the use of FIBCs or bulk bags for storing and transporting agricultural products.

Let’s take a brief look at how jumbo bags are used for agricultural purposes:

For Crop storage & Transportation

For Seed Storage & Transportation

For Fertilizers Storage & Transportation

This article will take a closer look at the top 4 reasons that make Food grade fibc bags the ideal choice for storing and transporting all agricultural products.

1. Available In Multiple Options 

Farmers can pick from various FIBCs, be it the standard FIBCs, Ventilated/Net FIBC and so on. These containers can also be customised as per your storage needs and requirements. They can be customised as per their size & capacity, discharge & filling features, colour, type of bag, Safe working load (SWL) Parameters and more.

2. Offer Product Protection

Ventilated/Net Bulk Bags are Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers explicitly designed to store products requiring constant air circulation. The bags are made up of a special fabric with air vents.

These containers are perfect for storing perishable goods such as potatoes, leafy vegetables, onions and other agricultural products needing constant air circulation. Apart from providing air circulation, the bags also prevent the build-up of moisture, which keeps the stored products dry and fresh for a long time.

Net bags efficiently protect all temperature-sensitive products while offering a balanced temperature for the goods stored in them.

3.Cost-Effective & Safe

Storage solutions for agriculture products must be cost-effective and easily affordable by farmers, which is why Bulk containers are a perfect choice.Improper storage can destroy agricultural products. FIBCs keep products safe and contained. For fertilizers, FIBCs provide a safe loading, unloading and distribution channel. Bulk bags keep seeds safe from moisture, heat and additional elements such as rodents or animals that can wreck them. Jumbo bags serve as organised storage and shipping vessels by keeping the seeds cool, durable and usable for over a year.

4.Green Packaging & Storing Solutions

Conserving energy and preservation of natural resources is one of the primary agricultural concerns. Hence, individuals belonging to the agriculture industry aim to invest in green packaging solutions that cause minimal environmental harm. It is precisely what FIBCs offer. Jumbo bags are reusable and are recyclable, and are the perfect replacement for paper bags and cardboard boxes or any other packaging option.

These bags offer fantastic versatility, which is why farmers can use them for several storing & transporting applications. Every farm adopting bulk bags as a source of storage has a positive impact on the environment.

(You can buy a customised bag of your choice, as after planning out your storage needs and requirements,making these bags a perfect storage and transportation medium). 

EMMBI’s Food Grade FIBCs are the perfect storage & Transportation Solution for All Agricultural Products.

EMMBI is a leading brand in manufacturing FIBC bags and woven polythene and polypropylene products. Our Food Grade FIBCs are the perfect storage solution for agriculture products owing to their durable, lightweight, superior-quality and affordable nature. In addition, we specialize in creating customization FIBCs too.

[bagmayauk]

4 Advantages of Using Eco-Friendly Hemp Bags

One of the strongest fibres ever detected is hemp fibres. Such fibres are known for their strength and toughness as well. For years, the products made from this fibre will last. Even, the fabrics that are made of hemp do not stretch. Its shape and size are preserved. The more hemp is used, the softer the product will be. Hemp fibre bags are stronger, more durable, and longer-lasting than any other product.

The goods made from hemp offer a different design and viewpoint that are fancy to look at. Hemp bum bag is one of them. These days, the use of hemp products is growing. Among students and tourists, they are particularly famous. The visitors find such handmade and handicrafts very funny. They buy hemp backpack that is very good for hiking. Hemp bum bag also becomes the first choice of travels because it is easy to carry and hold many important things.

Benefits of using Hemp Bags:

There are lots of benefits of using hemp bags. Some of them are as follows:

1 Re-useable

They are reusable so that you can use them more than one time. However, most bags of polythene are used only once and then discarded, encouraging waste and overconsumption.

2. Less rubbish

Unlike single-use plastic bags, which are by definition intended to be discarded after use, people are unlikely to litter a reusable bag because it is reusable. Some individuals discard them as litter in the ecosystem for this purpose. They are eaten by turtles, fish, and other animals in the ecosystem that then suffers from malnutrition.

3. Non-photodegradable and biodegradable

In the field, biodegradable bags break down into their organic carbon dioxide components. Photodegradable plastic breaks up into the initial product's smaller and finer particles. This leaves the food chain with toxic leachate that then bioaccumulates.

4. Produced from sustainable crops

Instead of petrochemicals, they can be made from sustainably manufactured crops like hemp. The use of hemp-like goods enables a sustainable cellulose industry to be embraced. Plastic goods, however, are a result of the oil industry, which is a dangerous industry.

5. Easy to Care

The best care is necessary to enjoy your product for a long time. Spot washing, hand wash suggested!

This is a natural commodity that will continue to grow its charm throughout its life - when, for example, a pair of jeans changes, cannabis will change in shape and colour as a natural fibre during use. This is a procedure for natural wear. Thrusting threads and holes can be sewn and stuffed quickly by hand.

It is suggested that using a rain cover in humid weather to protect the fabric and the colour fastness of the handmade fabrics and not to expose the product to extreme sources of light or heat (including sunlight) as well as to protect it from moisture and friction.

Washing the object with hand-warm water by hand or on a very gentle cold cycle, for indoor and outdoor soiling. Using goods for ecological washing or a gentle organic soap. Please use a brush with soft bristles and gently brush the dirt out of the fabric for heavy soiling.

Avoid rubbing to avoid excessively harming the fibre. Let your product dry in the air and, if necessary, repeat the procedure. It is not recommended for dry cleaning, nor for drying in the dryer. Bear in mind, please, that heat makes natural fabrics shrink a bit and that after washing, all fabrics get softer.

To the fashionistas among us with a social conscience, hemp bags are environmentally friendly and classy. Hemp bags are available in a wide variety of designs and models, all endorsed by your personal choice, organic, and built to meet the test of your time.

A Hemp bags may be the best and long-lasting one that you would simply love if you want a hard-wearing bag that you can simply take out, find out, or just about anywhere. To get a natural and equal product, if you like the climate and appearance, a hemp bag will tick all the boxes. Hemp backpack is produced using hemp fibres and could be mixed to create the right look with a spread of other materials.

[biomedgrid]

Biomed Grid | Detection of Escherichia Coli in Freshly Harvested Spinach Samples Collected from Five Different Markets in Zaria

Abstract

Escherichia coli, though, normal flora of the digestive tract of human and animals have over the years evolved the ability to cause a wide range of disease. A total of 100 freshly harvested and ready to sale spinach samples in five selected market in Zaria, Kaduna State were collected and analysed for E.coli 0157: H7. Twenty (20) samples each were collected from Sabon Gari, Palladan, Samaru, Hayin Dogo and PZ. Isolates were screened using the conventional biochemical characterization for E. coli O157: H7. Twelve (12) gram of spinach leaves each was washed with sterile distilled water. Five (5) mls of each washing was inoculated into 5 mls of double strength Mac Conkey broth and inoculated for 24 hours at 370C. A loop full of the positive colonies was subcultured on EMB Agar and incubated for 24 h at 370C a greenish metallic sheen on the surrounding medium were observed. These presumptive positive colonies were stored in nutrient Agar slant at 40C until it was required for biochemical test. E. coli was confirmed by biochemical test and the growth on EMB Agar. Out of the 100 samples collected, Isolates were screened using the conventional biochemical characterization for E. coli O157: H7. A total of 119 (47.6%) E. coli O157: H7 and 16 (6.4%) E. coli O157 was isolated respectively. Therefore, there is need to characterize the E. coli from spinach in local markets in Zaria, so as to checkmate and create awareness on the spread of E. coli especially 0157:H7 infection in livestock and humans in Zaria and Kaduna State.

Keywords: Escherichia coli; Spinach; Zaria; Biochemical test; EMB Agar; Vokes Proskaur

Introduction

Escherichia coli are natural predominant facultative anaerobes common in the lower intestines of endothermic animals and it grows in most laboratory media at an incubation temperature of (370C) optimum [1]. They colonize the gastrointestinal tract hours after birth or days after [2]. Nevertheless, some strains have evolved the capability to cause both intestinal and extra intestinal illnesses [3,4]. Not all the strains are harmless, as some can cause debilitating and sometimes fatal diseases in humans as well as mammals and birds [5]. Faecal–oral transmission is the major route through which pathogenic strains of the bacterium cause disease. Cells of the bacteria can survive outside the body for a limited amount of time, which makes them potential indicator organisms to test environmental samples for faecal contamination [6,7]. In Zaria, Tijani et al. [8], Kabiru et al. [9] reported the prevalence of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in spinach grown around abattoir waste dumpsite, manure farm and soil, irrigated with raw abattoir wastewater. This suggests that spinach are vegetables that can potentially harbor Escherichia coli when manured with contaminated faeces. The use of raw manure or slurry (liquid manure) on or near fruit and vegetable crops, particularly those to be eaten raw is a potential hazard for Escherichia coli especially 0157:H7 [8] and hence the need for work to be done on the prevalence of E.coli in spinach meant for human consumption in Zaria and its environs. Studies have shown that Escherichia coli especially 0157:H7 can survive in faeces for extensive periods of 70-100 days at the temperature in the region of 45 0C [10]. Thereby establishing that faeces serving as manure to most subsistence and commercial farmers growing spinach at backyard or irrigational farms at dry season may be a potential vehicle for transmission of the organism into the environment [11].

Materials and MethodsStudy Area

The study was carried out in Samaru Campus of ABU, Zaria, Sabon Gari Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Located on Latitude (11°11´N, 07, 38´E, 686m above sea level) in the Northern Guinea Savannah with temperature ranging from 13.8° to 36.7 °C. Annual rainfall of 1092.8mm [12]. Farming system in Zaria can be divided into two types: Rainfall (from May to October) and irrigation farming in the dry season (from November to April). Dry season farming is the second most prevalent Agricultural activity in Zaria with vegetables being the common produce, but in some cases, fruits are sandwiched among cereal crops [13].

Sample Collection

A total of 100 samples of freshly harvested spinach leaves were procured randomly in sterile polythene bags from 5 different open markets in Zaria metropolis. Twenty (20) samples each were collected from Sabon Gari, Samaru, Hayin-Dogo, Palladan and PZ markets and transported on ice cold packs of the laboratory and analyzed immediately.

Isolation and Identification

Freshly plucked spinach samples were purchased from five different markets in Zaria Metropolis, the stem and roots were removed and discarded, while the leaves were washed thoroughly with distilled water and the washing was placed in universal bottles. Five mls of the spinach washing was inoculated into 5mls of double strength Mac Conkey broth and inoculated for 24 hours at 37 0C. A loop full of the positive colonies was subcultured on EMB Agar and incubated for 24h at 37 0C a greenish metallic sheen on the surrounding medium were observed. Pure culture of all colonies on EMB agar that exhibited typical dark purple red colour with metallic sheen which characterized E. coli were again subculture on Mac Conkey agar for identification and purification of lactose fermenting colonies. Biochemical tests such as indole, citrate, carbohydrate fermentation tests and MR-VP test were done on all lactose fermenting colonies to confirm E. coli. All the Lactose fermenting colonies were picked and stored in nutrient Agar slants (Oxoid) at 4 0C for further test. Biochemical test that were carried out to isolate E. coli, includes: Triple Sugar ion (TSI), Indole, Urease, Citrate, Motility, Methyl Red (MR), Vokes Proskaur (VP) and H4S production.

Biochemical tests

The conventional biochemical test was conducted according to [14]. Five different biochemical media were used, and all media were prepared according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Citrate utilization test

This test is based on the ability of an organism to use citrate as its source of carbon. A sterile wire loop was used to inoculate the isolate onto the Simon’s citrate agar medium, which was already prepared as slant in test tubes, and incubated at 370C for 24hours after which it was examined for color change. A bright blue color in the medium was observed at against green coloration.

Methyl red voges proskauer test (MRVP)

A loop full of the organism was inoculated into a MRVP media and incubated at 370C for 24 hours. The turbid positive broth was divided into two halves, 2-3 drops of methyl red was added to one broth and observed for formation of pink color coloration, while to the remaining half, 5drops of 40.0% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and 5drops of 5.0% of alcoholic alpha-45 Naphthol were added and shaken vigorously for homogenization. The cap of the tube is placed in a sloping position. The development of a red color starting from the liquid air interface within 15-30minutes was indicative of a positive test.

Urease test

Urease hydrolyzes urea to give alkaline ammonia (NH5) and carbon dioxide. Urease liquid media was poured in three to five milliliters portion in a sterile screw-top glass tube. The tubes were inoculated with a loop full of the positive isolate using a sterile wire loop, but the tubes were placed in a slanting position and incubated at 37 0C for 24 hours. A pink color indicating positive test while a yellow colouration was considered negative.

Indole test

A sterile wire loop was used to inoculate a colony of the positive organism into a prepared SIM (Sulphide, Indole and Motility) media. The tube was capped and incubated at 37 0C for 24 hours. After incubation, four drops of Kovac’s reagent was added to the medium using a sterile pasteur pipette to examine for the production of indole by the organism. Observation of red coloration on the surface layer within ten minutes gave a positive result. The suspected isolates when inoculated into the medium using a sterile straight wire followed by incubation by 370C for 24 hours. The upper layer of the inoculated medium and line of stabbing was observed for the presence of dark coloration which will be indicative of a positive H4S test.

Motility test

Motility test medium was poured into test tubes and allowed to solidify. The tubes were inoculated with a colony of the test organism using a sterile wire pin and incubated at 37 oC for twenty-four hours before tests were read.

Triple sugar iron agar

Carbohydrates fermentation test in triple sugar iron agar slants were performed from commercially prepared TSI mix and poured in to a test tube which is placed in such a manner to allow the butt of the agar to be four centimeters deep, the slants were inoculated with a colony of the test organism using a sterile wire loop. Observable color changes as red and pink were interpreted as alkaline and acids with or without gas formation.

Results

Tables 1 & 2 shows the frequency and distribution of suspected E. coli isolated from spinach gotten from five different sites in Zaria Metropolis, Kaduna State. Using EMB, while Table 1, further confirms the presence of the E. coli, using the conventional Biochemical Test method. Out of the 100 samples of spinach screened for E. coli 119 (47.6) % were positive with typical growth on EMB as shown in Table 1. The results showed that Hayin Dogo had the least number of E. coli positive isolates on EMB 14 (28.0%). In addition, Palladan had the highest positive isolates on EMB 28 (56%). Further screening of the isolate with conventional biochemical tests showed a decrease in total number and percentages of confirmed E. coli isolate on both EMB agar from 119 (47.6) and 16(6.4) respectively.

Table 1:Frequency (%) distribution of suspected E. coli isolates obtained from five different markets were spinach is sold in Zaria metropolis, Kaduna State.

Key: EMB: Eosin Methylene Blue

Table 2:Frequency (%) distribution of confirmed E. coli isolates after conventional biochemical tests from five markets sold in Zaria metropolis, Kaduna State.

Key: EMB: Eosin Methylene Blue

Discussion

The result from this research showed that Escherichia coli O157: H7 were cultured from spinach sourced from five different open markets in Zaria metropolis, Kaduna State. An occurrence of 119 (47.6%) E. coli O157: H7 and 16 (6.4%) E. coli O157: H7 respectively was observed which is higher than the occurrence reported by Reuben & Makut [15], Enabulele & Uraih [16] with a prevalence rate of 17.5% and 19.5% in Lafia and Benin Metropolises respectively. In other parts of the World, Mora et al. [17] and Benard [18] reported occurrence rates of 18.2% and 21.66% respectively. The high occurrence of E.coli as observed in this research could be attributed to high microbial load on vegetables especially those grown around faecal waste dumpsite during e dry season when there is no rainstorm-washing to reduce the microbial load on the vegetables as reported by [19]. Solomon et al. [20] and Kabiru et al. [9] also opined that manure application and irrigation with contaminated water as frequently done during the dry season in Zaria metropolis could have been another reason for this finding in which isolates were confirmed highly E. coli positive. This also agrees with earlier isolation records by Brown et al. [21] who reported that E. coli especially 0157:H7 is more common in warmer months of the year and sampling plans that could include these times of the year, will result in higher recovery rates. The isolation of the pathogen (E. coli O157: H7) in Zaria metropolis suggests that contamination of spinach sold to consumers exposes them to food-borne hazards. The socio-economic implication is that resources and time are wasted on medication. The effects of food-borne infections are also greatly felt by immune-compromised individuals such as people living with HIV/AIDS, pregnant women, children, diabetic patients [22].

Leafy vegetables are an essential component of a healthy diet; however, they have been associated with high-profile outbreaks causing severe illnesses [23,24]. In addition to E. coli capacity to cause infection to humans, the ingestion of contaminated foods, water and vegetables offered to livestock may contribute to the prevalence of infections in farm animals with a resultant contamination of the environment [25-29].

Conclusion

The findings of this research have indicated the occurrence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in spinach sourced from five open markets in Zaria Metropolis. This portends public health consequences to the unsuspecting general populace who would usually ingest such vegetable. There is therefore the need to educate the public on personal and environmental hygiene and adherence to good food handling practices such as washing of hands and disinfecting of all vegetables thoroughly before consumption. It is also the authors’ opinion that further research work be conducted to characterize at molecular level, the E. coli from spinach in local markets in Zaria.

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