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mellifera38 · 6 years ago

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Mel’s Big Fantasy Place-Name Reference

So I’ve been doing lots of D&D world-building lately and I’ve kind of been putting together lists of words to help inspire new fantasy place names. I figured I’d share. These are helpful for naming towns, regions, landforms, roads, shops, and they’re also probably useful for coming up with surnames. This is LONG. There’s plenty more under the cut including a huge list of “fantasy sounding” word-parts. Enjoy!

Towns & Kingdoms

town, borough, city, hamlet, parish, township, village, villa, domain

kingdom, empire, nation, country, county, city-state, state, province, dominion

Town Name End Words (English flavored)

-ton, -ston, -caster, -dale, -den, -field, -gate, -glen, -ham, -holm, -hurst, -bar, -boro, -by, -cross, -kirk, -meade, -moore, -ville, -wich, -bee, -burg, -cester, -don, -lea, -mer, -rose, -wall, -worth, -berg, -burgh, -chase, -ly, -lin, -mor, -mere, -pool. -port, -stead, -stow, -strath, -side, -way, -berry, -bury, -chester, -haven, -mar, -mont, -ton, -wick, -meet, -heim, -hold, -hall, -point

Buildings & Places

castle, fort, palace, fortress, garrison, lodge, estate, hold, stronghold, tower, watchtower, palace, spire, citadel, bastion, court, manor, house

altar, chapel, abbey, shrine, temple, monastery, cathedral, sanctum, crypt, catacomb, tomb

orchard, arbor, vineyard, farm, farmstead, shire, garden, ranch

plaza, district, quarter, market, courtyard, inn, stables, tavern, blacksmith, forge, mine, mill, quarry, gallows, apothecary, college, bakery, clothier, library, guild house, bath house, pleasure house, brothel, jail, prison, dungeon, cellar, basement, attic, sewer, cistern

lookout, post, tradepost, camp, outpost, hovel, hideaway, lair, nook, watch, roost, respite, retreat, hostel, holdout, redoubt, perch, refuge, haven, alcove, haunt, knell, enclave, station, caravan, exchange, conclave

port, bridge, ferry, harbor, landing, jetty, wharf, berth, footbridge, dam, beacon, lighthouse, marina, dockyard, shipyard

road, street, way, row, lane, trail, corner, crossing, gate, junction, waygate, end, wall, crossroads, barrier, bulwark, blockade, pavilion, avenue, promenade, alley, fork, route

Time & Direction

North, South, East, West, up, down, side, rise, fall, over, under

Winter, Spring, Summer, Autumn, solstice, equanox, vernal, ever, never

dusk, dawn, dawnrise, morning, night, nightfall, evening, sundown, sunbreak, sunset

lunar, solar, sun, moon, star, eclipse

Geographical Terms

Cave, cavern, cenote, precipice, crevasse, crater, maar, chasm, ravine, trench, rift, pit

Cliff, bluff, crag, scarp, outcrop, stack, tor, falls, run, eyrie, aerie

Hill, mountain, volcano, knoll, hillock, downs, barrow, plateau, mesa, butte, pike, peak, mount, summit, horn, knob, pass, ridge, terrace, gap, point, rise, rim, range, view, vista, canyon, hogback, ledge, stair, descent

Valley, gulch, gully, vale, dale, dell, glen, hollow, grotto, gorge, bottoms, basin, knoll, combe

Meadow, grassland, field, pasture, steppe, veld, sward, lea, mead, fell, moor, moorland, heath, croft, paddock, boondock, prairie, acre, strath, heights, mount, belt

Woodlands, woods, forest, bush, bower, arbor, grove, weald, timberland, thicket, bosk, copse, coppice, underbrush, hinterland, park, jungle, rainforest, wilds, frontier, outskirts

Desert, dunes, playa, arroyo, chaparral, karst, salt flats, salt pan, oasis, spring, seep, tar pit, hot springs, fissure, steam vent, geyser, waste, wasteland, badland, brushland, dustbowl, scrubland

Ocean, sea, lake, pond, spring, tarn, mere, sluice, pool, coast, gulf, bay

Lagoon, cay, key, reef, atoll, shoal, tideland, tide flat, swale, cove, sandspit, strand, beach

Snowdrift, snowbank, permafrost, floe, hoar, rime, tundra, fjord, glacier, iceberg

River, stream, creek, brook, tributary, watersmeet, headwater, ford, levee, delta, estuary, firth, strait, narrows, channel, eddy, inlet, rapids, mouth, falls

Wetland, marsh, bog, fen, moor, bayou, glade, swamp, banks, span, wash, march, shallows, mire, morass, quag, quagmire, everglade, slough, lowland, sump, reach

Island, isle, peninsula, isthmus, bight, headland, promontory, cape, pointe, cape

More under the cut including: Color words, Animal/Monster related words, Rocks/Metals/Gems list, Foliage, People groups/types, Weather/Environment/ Elemental words, Man-made Items, Body Parts, Mechanical sounding words, a huge list of both pleasant and unpleasant Atmospheric Descriptors, and a huge list of Fantasy Word-parts.

Color Descriptions

Warm: red, scarlet, crimson, rusty, cerise, carmine, cinnabar, orange, vermillion, ochre, peach, salmon, saffron, yellow, gold, lemon, amber, pink, magenta, maroon, brown, sepia, burgundy, beige, tan, fuchsia, taupe

Cool: green, beryl, jade, evergreen, chartreuse, olive, viridian, celadon, blue, azure, navy, cerulean, turquoise, teal, cyan, cobalt, periwinkle, beryl, purple, violet, indigo, mauve, plum

Neutral: gray, silver, ashy, charcoal, slate, white, pearly, alabaster, ivory, black, ebony, jet

dark, dusky, pale, bleached, blotchy, bold, dappled, lustrous, faded, drab, milky, mottled, opaque, pastel, stained, subtle, ruddy, waxen, tinted, tinged, painted

Animal / Monster-Related Words

Bear, eagle, wolf, serpent, hawk, horse, goat, sheep, bull, raven, crow, dog, stag, rat, boar, lion, hare, owl, crane, goose, swan, otter, frog, toad, moth, bee, wasp, beetle, spider, slug, snail, leech, dragonfly, fish, trout, salmon, bass, crab, shell, dolphin, whale, eel, cod, haddock

Dragon, goblin, giant, wyvern, ghast, siren, lich, hag, ogre, wyrm, kraken

Talon, scale, tusk, hoof, mane, horn, fur, feather, fang, wing, whisker, bristle, paw, tail, beak, claw, web, quill, paw, maw, pelt, haunch, gill, fin,

Hive, honey, nest, burrow, den, hole, wallow

Rocks / Metals / Minerals

Gold, silver, brass, bronze, copper, platinum, iron, steel, tin, mithril, electrum, adamantite, quicksilver, fool’s gold, titanium

Diamond, ruby, emerald, sapphire, topaz, opal, pearl, jade, jasper, onyx, citrine, aquamarine, turquoise, lapiz lazuli, amethyst, quartz, crystal, amber, jewel

Granite, shale, marble, limestone, sandstone, slate, diorite, basalt, rhyolite, obsidian, glass

Earth, stone, clay, sand, silt, salt, mote, lode, vein, ore, ingot, coal, boulder, bedrock, crust, rubble, pebble, gravel, cobble, dust, clod, peat, muck mud, slip, loam, dirt, grit, scree, shard, flint, stalactite/mite

Trees / Plants / Flowers

Tree, ash, aspen, pine, birch, alder, willow, dogwood, oak, maple, walnut, chestnut, cedar, mahogany, palm, beech, hickory, hemlock, cottonwood, hawthorn, sycamore, poplar, cypress, mangrove, elm, fir, spruce, yew

Branch, bough, bramble, gnarl, burr, tangle, thistle, briar, thorn, moss, bark, shrub, undergrowth, overgrowth, root, vine, bracken, reed, driftwood, coral, fern, berry, bamboo, nectar, petal, leaf, seed, clover, grass, grain, trunk, twig, canopy, cactus, weed, mushroom, fungus

Apple, olive, apricot, elderberry, coconut, sugar, rice, wheat, cotton, flax, barley, hops, onion, carrot, turnip, cabbage, squash, pumpkin, pepper

Flower, rose, lavender, lilac, jasmine, jonquil, marigold, carnelian, carnation, goldenrod, sage, wisteria, dahlia, nightshade, lily, daisy, daffodil, columbine, amaranth, crocus, buttercup, foxglove, iris, holly, hydrangea, orchid, snowdrop, hyacinth, tulip, yarrow, magnolia, honeysuckle, belladonna, lily pad, magnolia

People

Settler, Pilgrim, Pioneer, Merchant, Prospector, Maker, Surveyor, Mason, Overseer, Apprentice, Widow, Sailor, Miner, Blacksmith, Butcher, Baker, Brewer, Barkeep, Ferryman, Hangman, Gambler, Fisherman, Adventurer, Hero, Seeker, Hiker, Traveler, Crone

Mage, Magician, Summoner, Sorcerer, Wizard, Conjurer, Necromancer,

King, Queen, Lord, Count, Baron, Guard, Soldier, Knight, Vindicator, Merchant, Crusader, Imperator, Syndicate, Vanguard, Champion, Warden, Victor, Legionnaire, Master, Archer, Footman, Gladiator, Barbarian, Captain, Commodore,

Beggar, Hunter, Ranger, Deadman, Smuggler, Robber, Swindler, Rebel, Bootlegger, Outlaw, Pirate, Brigand, Ruffian, Highwayman, Cutpurse, Thief, Assassin

God, Goddess, Exarch, Angel, Devil, Demon, Cultist, Prophet, Hermit, Seer

council, clergy, guild, militia, choir

Climate, Environment, & The Elements

Cold, cool, brisk, frosty, chilly, icy, freezing, frozen, frigid, glacial, bitter, biting, bleak, arctic, polar, boreal, wintry, snowy, snow, blizzarding, blizzard, sleeting, sleet, chill, frost, ice, icebound, ice cap, floe, snowblind, frostbite, coldsnap, avalanche, snowflake

Hot, sunny, humid, sweltering, steaming, boiling, sizzling, blistering, scalding, smoking, caldescent, dry, parched, arid, fallow, thirsty, melting, molten, fiery, blazing, burning, charring, glowing, searing, scorching, blasted, sun, fire, heat, flame, wildfire, bonfire, inferno, coal, ash, cinder, ember, flare, pyre, tinder, kindling, aflame, alight, ablaze, lava, magma, slag,

Wet, damp, dank, soggy, sodden, soaked, drenched, dripping, sopping, briny, murky, rain, storm, hail, drizzle, sprinkle, downpour, deluge, squall, water, cloud, fog, mist, dew, puddle, pool, current, whirlpool, deep, depths, tide, waves, whitewater, waterfall, tidal wave, flow, flood, leak, drain

Wind, breeze, gust, billow, gail, draft, waft, zephyr, still, airy, clear, smokey, tempest, tempestuous, windswept, aerial, lofty, torrid, turbulent, nebulous, tradewind, thunder, lightning, spark, cyclone, tornado, whirlwind, hurricane, typhoon

Man-made Item Words

Furnace, forge, anvil, vault, strap, strip, whetstone, brick, sword, blade, axe, dagger, shield, buckler, morningstar, bow, quiver, arrow, polearm, flail, staff, stave, sheath, hilt, hammer, knife, helm, mantle, banner, pauldron, chainmail, mace, dart, cutlass, canon, needle, cowl, belt, buckle, bandana, goggles, hood, boot, heel, spindle, spool, thread, sweater, skirt, bonnet, apron, leather, hide, plate, tunic, vest, satin, silk, wool, velvet, lace, corset, stocking, binding

Plow, scythe, (wheel) barrow, saddle, harrow, brand, collar, whip, leash, lead, bridle, stirrup, wheel, straw, stall, barn, hay, bale, pitchfork, well, log, saw, lumber, sod, thatch, mortar, brick, cement, concrete, pitch, pillar, window, fountain, door, cage, spoke, pole, table, bench, plank, board

Candle, torch, cradle, broom, lamp, lantern, clock, bell, lock, hook, trunk, looking glass, spyglass, bottle, vase, locket, locker, key, handle, rope, knot, sack, pocket, pouch, manacle, chain, stake, coffin, fan. cauldron, kettle, pot, bowl, pestle, oven, ladle, spoon, font, wand, potion, elixir, draught, portal, book, tome, scroll, word, manuscript, letter, message, grimoire, map, ink, quill, pen, cards, dice

Coin, coronet, crown, circlet, scepter, treasure, riches, scales, pie, tart, loaf, biscuit, custard, caramel, pudding, porridge, stew, bread, tea, gravy, gristle, spice, lute, lyre, harp, drum, rouge, powder, perfume, brush

bilge, stern, pier, sail, anchor, mast, dock, deck, flag, ship, boat, canoe, barge, wagon, sled, carriage, buggy, cart

Wine, brandy, whiskey, ale, moonshine, gin, cider, rum, grog, beer, brew, goblet, flagon, flask, cask, tankard, stein, mug, barrel, stock, wort, malt

Body Parts

Head, throat, finger, foot, hand, neck, shoulder, rib, jaw, eye, lips, bosom

Skull, spine, bone, tooth, heart, blood, tears, gut, beard

Mechanical-Sounding Words

cog, fuse, sprocket, wrench, screw, nail, bolt, lever, pulley, spanner, gear, spring, shaft, switch, button, cast, pipe, plug, dial, meter, nozzle, cord, brake, gauge, coil, oil, signal, wire, fluke, staple, clamp, bolt, nut, bulb, patch, pump, cable, socket

torque, force, sonic, spark, fizzle, thermal, beam, laser, steam, buzz, mega, mecha, electro, telsa, power, flicker, charge, current, flow, tinker

Atmospheric Words

Unpleasant, Dangerous, Threatening

(nouns) death, fury, battle, scar, shadow, razor, nightmare, wrath, bone, splinter, peril, war, riptide, strife, reckoning, sorrow, terror, deadwood, nether, venom, grime, rage, void, conquest, pain, folly, revenge, horrid, mirk, shear, fathom, frenzy, corpselight/marshlight, reaper, gloom, doom, torment, torture, spite, grizzled, sludge, refuse, spore, carrion, fear, pyre, funeral, shade, beast, witch, grip, legion, downfall, ruin, plague, woe, bane, horde, acid, fell, grief, corpse, mildew, mold, miter, dirge

(adjectives) dead, jagged, decrepit, fallen, darkened, blackened, dire, grim, feral, wild, broken, desolate, mad, lost, under, stagnant, blistered, derelict, forlorn, unbound, sunken, fallow, shriveled, wayward, bleak, low, weathered, fungal, last, brittle, sleepy, -strewn, dusky, deserted, empty, barren, vacant, forsaken, bare, bereft, stranded, solitary, abandoned, discarded, forgotten, deep, abysmal, bottomless, buried, fathomless,unfathomable, diseased, plagued, virulent, noxious, venomous, toxic, fetid, revolting, putrid, rancid, foul, squalid, sullied, vile, blighted, vicious, ferocious, dangerous, savage, cavernous, vast, yawning, chasmal, echoing, dim, dingy, gloomy, inky, lurid, shaded, shadowy, somber, sunless, tenebrous, unlit, veiled, hellish, accursed, sulfurous, damned, infernal, condemned, doomed, wicked, sinister, dread, unending, spectral, ghostly, haunted, eldritch, unknown, weary, silent, hungry, cloven, acidic

(verb/adverbs): wither (withering / withered), skulk (skulking), whisper, skitter, chitter, sting, slither, writhe, gape, screech, scream, howl, lurk, roil, twist, shift, swarm, spawn, fester, bleed, howl, shudder, shrivel, devour, swirl, maul, trip, smother, weep, shatter, ruin, curse, ravage, hush, rot, drown, sunder, blister, warp, fracture, die, shroud, fall, surge, shiver, roar, thunder, smolder, break, silt, slide, lash, mourn, crush, wail, decay, crumble, erode, decline, reek, lament, taint, corrupt, defile, poison, infect, shun, sigh, sever, crawl, starve, grind, cut, wound, bruise, maim, stab, bludgeon, rust, mutilate, tremble, stumble, fumble, clank, clang

Pleasant, Safe, Neutral

(nouns) spirit, luck, soul, oracle, song, sky, smile, rune, obelisk, cloud, timber, valor, triumph, rest, dream, thrall, might, valiance, glory, mirror, life, hope, oath, serenity, sojourn, god, hearth, crown, throne, crest, guard, rise, ascent, circle, ring, twin, vigil, breath, new, whistle, grasp, snap, fringe, threshold, arch, cleft, bend, home, fruit, wilds, echo, moonlight, sunlight, starlight, splendor, vigilance, honor, memory, fortune, aurora, paradise, caress

(adjectives) gentle, pleasant, prosperous, peaceful, sweet, good, great, mild, grand, topic, lush, wild, abundant, verdant, sylvan, vital, florid, bosky, callow, verdurous, lucious, fertile, spellbound, captivating, mystical, hidden, arcane, clandestine, esoteric, covert, cryptic, runic, otherworldly, touched, still, fair, deep, quiet, bright, sheer, tranquil, ancient, light, far, -wrought, tidal, royal, shaded, swift, true, free, high, vibrant, pure, argent, hibernal, ascendant, halcyon, silken, bountiful, gilded, colossal, massive, stout, elder, -bourne, furrowed, happy, merry, -bound, loud, lit, silk, quiet, bright, luminous, shining, burnished, glossy, brilliant, lambent, lucent, lustrous, radiant, resplendent, vivid, vibrant, illuminated, silvery, limpid, sunlit, divine, sacred, holy, eternal, celestial, spiritual, almighty, anointed, consecrated, exalted, hallowed, sanctified, ambrosial, beatific, blissful, demure, naked, bare, ample, coy, deific, godly, omnipotent, omnipresent, rapturous, sacramental, sacrosanct, blessed, majestic, iridescent, glowing, overgrown, dense, hard, timeless, sly, scatter, everlasting, full, half, first, last

(verb/adverbs) arch (arching / arched), wink (winking), sing, nestle, graze, stroll, roll, flourish, bloom, bud, burgeon, live, dawn, hide, dawn, run, pray, wake, laugh, wake, glimmer, glitter, drift, sleep, tumble, bind, arch, blush, grin, glister, beam, meander, wind, widen, charm, bewitch, enthrall, entrance, enchant, allure, beguile, glitter, shimmer, sparkle twinkle, crest, quiver, slumber, herald, shelter, leap, click, climb, scuttle, dig, barter, chant, hum, chime, kiss, flirt, tempt, tease, play, seduce

Generic “Fantasy-Sounding” Word Parts

A - D

aaz, ada, adaer, adal, adar, adbar, adir, ae, ael, aer, aern, aeron, aeryeon, agar, agis, aglar, agron, ahar, akan, akyl, al, alam, alan, alaor, ald, alea, ali, alir, allyn, alm, alon, alor, altar, altum, aluar, alys, amar, amaz, ame, ammen, amir, amol, amn, amus, anar, andor, ang, ankh, ar, ara, aram, arc, arg, arian, arkh, arla, arlith, arn, arond, arthus, arum, arvien, ary, asha, ashyr, ask, assur, aster, astra, ath, athor, athra, athryn, atol, au, auga, aum, auroch, aven, az, azar, baal, bae, bael, bak, bal, balor, ban, bar, bara, barr, batol, batar, basir, basha, batyr, bel, belph, belu, ben, beo, bere, berren, berun, besil, bezan, bhaer, bhal, blask, blis, blod, bor, boraz, bos, bran, brath, braun, breon, bri, bry, bul, bur, byl, caer, cal, calan, cara, cassa, cath, cela, cen, cenar, cerul, chalar, cham, chion, cimar, clo, coram, corel, corman, crim, crom, daar, dach, dae, dago, dagol, dahar, dala, dalar, dalin, dam, danas, daneth, dannar, dar, darian, darath, darm, darma, darro, das, dasa, dasha, dath, del, delia, delimm, dellyn, delmar, delo, den, dess, dever, dhaer, dhas, dhaz, dhed, dhin, din, dine, diar, dien, div, djer, dlyn, dol, dolan, doon, dora, doril, doun, dral, dranor, drasil, dren, drian, drien, drin, drov, druar, drud, duald, duatha, duir, dul, dulth, dun, durth, dyra, dyver,

E - H

ea, eber, eden, edluk, egan, eiel, eilean, ejen, elath, eld, eldor, eldra, elith emar, ellesar, eltar, eltaran, elth, eltur, elyth, emen, empra, emril, emvor, ena, endra, enthor, erad, erai, ere, eriel, erith, erl, eron, erre, eryn, esk, esmel, espar, estria, eta, ethel, eval, ezro, ezan, ezune, ezil, fael, faelar, faern, falk, falak, farak, faril, farla, fel, fen, fenris, fer, fet, fin, finar, forel, folgun, ful, fulk, fur, fyra, fallon, gael, gach, gabir, gadath, gal, galar, gana, gar, garth, garon, garok, garne, gath, geir, gelden, geren, geron, ghal, ghallar, ghast, ghel, ghom, ghon, gith, glae, glander, glar, glym, gol, goll, gollo, goloth, gorot, gost, goth, graeve, gran, grimm, grist, grom, grosh, grun, grym, gual, guil, guir, gulth, gulur, gur, gurnth, gwaer, haa, hael, haer, hadar, hadel, hakla, hala, hald, halana, halid, hallar, halon, halrua, halus, halvan, hamar, hanar, hanyl, haor, hara, haren, haresk, harmun, harrokh, harrow, haspur, haza, hazuth, heber, hela, helve, hem, hen, herath, hesper, heth, hethar, hind, hisari, hjaa, hlath, hlond, hluth, hoarth, holtar, horo, hotun, hrag, hrakh, hroth, hull, hyak, hyrza

I - M

iibra, ilth, ilus, ilira, iman, imar, imas, imb, imir, immer, immil, imne, impil, ingdal, innar, ir, iriae, iril, irith, irk, irul, isha, istis, isil, itala, ith, ithal, itka, jada, jae, jaeda, jahaka, jala, jarra, jaro, jath, jenda, jhaamm, jhothm, jinn, jinth, jyn, kado, kah, kal, kalif, kam, kana, kara, karg, kars, karth, kasp, katla, kaul, kazar, kazr, kela, kelem, kerym, keth, keva, kez, kezan, khaer, khal, khama, khaz, khara, khed, khel, khol, khur, kil, kor, korvan, koll, kos, kir, kra, kul, kulda, kund, kyne, lae, laen, lag, lan, lann, lanar, lantar, lapal, lar, laran, lareth, lark, lath, lauth, lav, lavur, lazar, leih, leshyr, leth, lhaza, lhuven, liad, liam, liard, lim, lin, lirn, lisk, listra, lith, liya, llair, llor, lok, lolth, loran, lorkh, lorn, loth, lothen, luen, luir, luk, lund, lur, luth, lyndus, lyra, lyth, maal, madrasm maera, maer, maerim, maes, mag, magra, mahand, mal, malar, mald, maldo, mar, mara, mark, marl, maru, maruk, meir, melish, memnon, mer, metar, methi, mhil, mina, mir, miram, mirk, mista, mith, moander, mok, modir, modan, mon, monn, mor, more, morel, moril, morn, moro, morrow, morth, mort, morum, morven, muar, mul, mydra, myr, myra, myst

N - S

naar, nadyra, naedyr, naga, najar, nal, naal, nalir, nar, naruk, narbond, narlith, narzul, nasaq, nashkel, natar, nath, natha, neir, neth, nether, nhall, nikh, nil, nilith, noan, nolvurm nonthal, norda, noro, novul, nul, nur, nus, nyan, nyth, ober, odra, oghr, okoth, olleth, olodel, omgar, ondath, onthril, ordul, orish, oroch, orgra, orlim, ormath, ornar, orntath, oroch, orth, orva, oryn, orzo, ostel, ostor, ostrav, othea, ovar, ozod, ozul, palan, palad, pae, peldan, pern, perris, perim, pele, pen, phail, phanda, phara, phen, phendra, pila, pinn, pora, puril, pur, pyra, qadim, quar, quel, ques, quil, raah, rael, ran, ranna, rassil, rak, rald, rassa, reddan, reith, relur, ren, rendril, resil, reska, reth, reven, revar, rhy, rhynn, ria, rian, rin, ris, rissian, rona, roch, rorn, rora, rotha, rual, ruar, ruhal, ruil, ruk, runn, rusk, ryn, saa, saar, saal, sabal, samar, samrin, sankh, sar, sarg, sarguth, sarin, sarlan, sel, seld, sember, semkh, sen, sendrin, septa, senta, seros, shaar, shad, shadra, shae, shaen, shaera, shak, shalan, sham, shamath, shan, shana, sharan, shayl, shemar, shere, shor, shul, shyll, shyr, sidur, sil, silvan, sim, sintar, sirem, skar, skell, skur, skyr, sokol, solan, sola, somra, sor, ssin, stel, strill, suldan, sulk, sunda, sur, surkh, suth, syl, sylph, sylune, syndra, syth

T - Z

taak, taar, taer, tah, tak, tala, talag, talar, talas, talath, tammar, tanar, tanil, tar, tara, taran, tarl, tarn, tasha, tath, tavil, telar, teld, telf, telos, tempe, tethy, tezir, thaar, thaer, thal, thalag, thalas, thalan, thalar, thamor, thander, thangol, thar, thay, thazal, theer, theim, thelon, thera, thendi, theril, thiir, thil, thild, thimir, thommar, thon, thoon, thor, thran, thrann, threl, thril, thrul, thryn, thuk, thultan, thume, thun, thy, thyn, thyr, tir, tiras, tirum, tohre, tol, tolar, tolir, tolzrin, tor, tormel, tormir, traal, triel, trith, tsath, tsur, tul, tur, turiver, turth, tymor, tyr, uder, udar, ugoth, uhr, ukh, ukir, uker, usten, ulgarth, ulgoth, ultir, ulur, umar, umath, umber, unara, undro, undu, untha, upir, ur, ursa, ursol, uron, uth, uthen, uz, van, vaar, vaelan, vaer, vaern, val valan, valash, vali, valt, vandan, vanede, vanrak, var, varyth, vassa, vastar, vaunt, vay, vel, velar, velen, velius, vell, velta, ven, veren, vern, vesper, vilar, vilhon, vintor, vir, vira, virdin, volo, volun, von, voon, vor, voro, vos, vosir, vosal, vund, war, wara, whel, wol, wynn, wyr, wyrm, xer, xul, xen, xian, yad, yag, yal, yar, yath, yeon, yhal, yir, yirar, yuir, yul, yur, zail, zala, zalhar, zan, zanda, zar, zalar, zarach, zaru, zash, zashu, zemur, zhent, zim, ziram, zindala, zindar, zoun, zul, zurr, zuth, zuu, zym

A lot of places are named after historical events, battles, and people, so keep that in mind. God/Goddess names tied to your world also work well. Places are also often named after things that the area is known for, like Georgia being known for its peaches.

My brain was fried by the end of this so feel free to add more!

I hope you find this reference helpful and good luck world-building!

-Mel

#worldbuilding #d&d #dnd #writing resources #fantasy #word list #dungeons and dragons

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bdscuatui · 5 years ago

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Giao dịch Bất động sản Quận Erie - Tin tức Buffalo Sau đây là các giao dịch bất động sản trên 5.000 đô la như được liệt kê trong hồ sơ của văn phòng thư ký Quận Erie trong tuần kết thúc vào ngày 21 tháng 2. AMHERST • Đại lộ 113 High Park, Debra Mary Koessler đến Lewis Ashley Elizabeth R; Patrick Z. Lewis, 620.000 đô la. • 15 Tòa án Guinevere, Rebecca L. Scamurra cho Jessica C. Frattali; Phillip M. Frattali Jr., $ 380.000. • 150 Sierra Drive, Ryan ngôi nhà của New York đến James P. Merrill; Mary A. Merrill, 362.480 đô la. • 57 Hunter Hunter Glen, Anthony W. Muffoletto; Kim M. Thomas đến Desire Giraneza; Mary Samoei, 336.000 đô la. • Tòa án Bramble 153, Anthony A. Tufillaro; Patricia A. Tufillaro đến Ginamarie M. Divita; Ryan M. Divita, $ 315,000. • 27 Campbell Meadows, Marilyn A. Hutcherson; Timothy C. Hutcherson cho Bandar Abdulrahman Almaghrabi; Farda Barandeh, 308.000 đô la. • Vòng tròn 414 Greengage, Mackenzie A. Fogarty; Allison Marchese đến Brian Bray; Cathryn Bray, 240.000 đô la. • 200 đường Briarhurst, Salvatore A. Zambito II đến Gregg P. Morrison, 222.000 đô la. • 38 Sudbury Lane, Ryan Divita đến Lori Lynn Rowe, 220.000 đô la. • 75 Tòa án Sedgemoor, Jessica C. Frattali; Phillip M. Frattali Jr. đến Tyler R. Holmes, $ 212.000. • Tòa án vườn 114, Smit Singla cho James A. Schwartz; Linda M. Schwartz, $ 208.500. • Tòa án Winterset 905, Karen L. Kowalc: 05 đến Karen Tyno, $ 181.000. • Đường 1422 Eggert, Kevin G. Appler cho Gregory M. Dionne; Taylor L. Walsh, $ 172,000. • 4755 # 8 Đường Chestnut Ridge, Carol M. Altman đến Amy Lynn Mccarrick, $ 122,570. • 59b Old Lyme Dr Unit 4, Arman Afshani đến Stephanie A. Smyth, $ 116.300. , Ciminelli Muir Woods LLC đến Ryan ngôi nhà của New York, $ 82,330. • 45 Guilford Lane Đơn vị 6, Nancy J. Hubbard đến Janet Traise, 81.000 đô la. • 3059 Tonawanda Creek Road, Hayes Jann OH; Prentice S. Hayes cho Andrea R. Miller; Matthew D. Miller, 80.000 đô la.AURORA / EAST AURORA • 4150 Martingale Ct # 26, Mona Livingston đến Maureen Ann Martin; Ronald George Martin, $ 490.000. • 226 Walnut St., Ruth E. Musty cho Barbara L. Ronan; Michael E. Ronan, $ 185,000. • Trung tâm 648 St., Henrietta Smith; Henrietta F. Smith đến Tod Douglas Smith, $ 132,000.BLASDELL • 3879 South Park Ave., Florence D. Pinkoske; William L. Pinkoske đến WNY Management Group LLC, $ 115.000.BOoston • 6405 Hillcroft Drive, John C. Tomani; Rosemary F. Tomani đến Therese M. Muscato, 430.000 đô la.BUFFALO • 11 Summer St., Main-Summer Corp đến Gold Wynn Buffalo LLC, 1.300.000 đô la. • 509 Virginia St., Geoffrey P. White đến Frederick Mertz, 515.000 đô la. , Kathleen T. Schwinger đến 1597 Elmwood Buffalo LLC, $ 465.000. • 13 St Johns Place, 829 Bird Ave. LLC đến Edward M. Bartel; Rebecca L. Bartel, 425.000 đô la. • 527 Richmond Ave., Lanzer Holdings LLC đến Kristen Tservranckx, 410.250 đô la. • 433 Prospect Ave., Alexanders 46 Inc; Greg Phillies Enterprises LLC đến Alice M. Damato; Donald R. Damato, 350.000 đô la. • 64 Rand Ave., Bruce Omahen; Rebecca Omahen đến Ansh Gupta; Kayla Kathleen Gupta, 242.050 đô la. • 45 Shoreham Parkway, Atml Trading Inc đến Auwid Adnan M Al, 225.000 đô la. • 342 Amherst St., M & j Limited Partnership to Safe Link Transport Inc, 220.000 đô la. • 22 Putnam South, Darryl Heusinger; Eric Heusinger; Bart Semira đến Jenna L. Darron, $ 217.500. • Biệt thự 391, John Majewski III cho Andrew Binder, $ 210.000. • 277 Woodside, Hook & Lad Development LLC đến Kathryn M. Marzeski, $ 180.000. • 733 St Lawrence Ave., Jason P. Kilonsky; Jennifer L. Scibetta cho Jessica L. Shchurowsky; Stephen M. Shchurowsky, $ 176,900. • 173 West Tupper St., Ronald Scott đến Alisha Kandola, $ 175,440. • 706 Tonawanda St., Ahmed Alkaifi đến Best Home WNY Inc, $ 160.000. • 65 Baynes, Tany Haynes cho Anne H. Showers; Jesse J. Showers, 150.500 đô la. • 176 Crystal, Hook & Lad Development LLC đến Jessica Ruth Kohl, 132.000 đô la. • 33 Mt Vernon Ave., Richard F. Mazella; Suzana Mazella đến Jordan Khoury, 130.000 đô la. • 409 South Ogden St., Steven Melock; Charles C. Siwy; Kinda Siwy đến Jenelle Dixon; Bernardo Ortiz, 128.900 đô la. • 99 Metcalfe St., Kevin Dawidowicz đến Gabriel L. Malcolm, 125.000 đô la. • 50 Aldrich, Ra & bt LLC đến Timothy I. Mulotta, 125.000 đô la. • 72 Kamper Ave., Sean P. Conrad đến Bruce B. Omahen ; Rebecca L. Omahen, 120.000 đô la. • 193 Lisbon Ave., Booboo 55 Corp đến Jon R. Nelson, 117.000 đô la. • 98 Unger Ave., William C. Londo II cho Jennifer K. Lowry; Timothy O. Overdorf, 95.000 đô la. • 17 Condon Ave., Condon 17 LLC đến Mahdi Enad, 95.000 đô la. • 217 Schiller, Alpha One Realty LLC đến Nieisha S. Beauford, 95.000 đô la. • 127 Downing St., Homedog LLC đến Stacey T. Whalen, 90.240 đô la. • 99 Riverview Place, Rosalie S. Bosch đến Gustavs S. Rhodes; Teresa A. Rhodes, 85.000 đô la. • 462 Plymouth, Thomas J. Raftery đến Imran Hassan, 85.000 đô la. • 145 Evelyn, Stanley C. Owcarz; Stanley Charles Owcarz; Stanley Owcarz đến Nai Chan Rot, 80.000 đô la. • 105 Manhattan Ave., Teena Jackson; Teena Jones đến Sabnam Akther, 75.000 đô la. • 65 Forman, Begum Sufia đến Imran Khalique, 75.000 đô la. • 67 Bird Ave., James Mackinnon tới Corey Rae Hunter, 71.250 đô la. • 895 Prospect Ave., Mary K. Sullivan tới Susan. . • 488 Winspear Ave., Lou Lou Lao đến Buffalo Sunrise Dream USA Inc, 64.000 USD. • 230 Hagen St., Jamal Hossain đến Mst Merina Khatun; Md Kutub Uddin, 60.000 đô la. • 27 Theodore, Cindy D. Clarke đến Mohammad N. Zaman, 60.000 đô la. • 25 Mayer Ave., Black Rock Properties LLC đến Buffalo Revival LLC, 57.500 đô la. • 109 Progressive Ave., Mirza Iqbal Rahman Shs; Chữ ký quản lý vốn dba, 55.000 đô la. • 96 Bush St., Mirza Iqbal Rahman cho tài sản Shs; Chữ ký quản lý vốn dba, 55.000 đô la. • 11 Ivy St., Dream Home Realty của Buffalo Inc đến Majed Miah, 50.000 đô la. • 16 Gatchell St., Ugr Cap LLC đến Afrin Akter; Md Main Uddin, 47.000 đô la. • 55 A, Sit Ma Ma Re đến Faw Lan, 45.000 đô la. • 18 Klaus St., Edward Green đến Pamela N. Stoddard; Ronald F. Stoddard Sr., 45.000 đô la. • 582 William, Mohmed Altashi đến Mothana Anwar S H, 45.000 đô la. • 12 Manhart St., Ernestine Price; Ernestine Marguerite Giá cho Mohammed S. Mia, 41.000 đô la. • 275 Davidson, Patricia Ann Thomas đến 275 Davidson LLC, 40.000 đô la. • 1501 Genesee St., Jhura Corp; Jhura Inc đến Mafiz ký kết Inc, 40.000 đô la. • 393 Northampton, Mohammed Ashak đến Kamrul Hassan Bhuiyan, 39.000 đô la. • 56 Wick St., Kevin Clark đến Md Jahangir Alam, 37.100 đô la. • 2166 Bailey Ave. Cứu Grace Min Ministry Inc cho Sadaf Hina Jawed; Muhammad Arslan Yousaf, 36.000 đô la. • 225 Hagen St., Lindenhurst Gas Corp đến Rozina Akhter; Jamal Hossain, 35.000 đô la. • 354 Florida, Michael A. Seaman; Thành phố Buffalo cho người nổi tiếng bất động sản Hoa Kỳ Inc, 34.000 đô la. • 87 Alma, Thành phố trâu đến Nilufa Yeasmin Mosammat, 33.000 đô la. • 94 Krettner St., Timothy James Andulchat; Mary L. Coston đến Esb Group LLC, $ 32,800. • 58 Maryland St., Geoff Wade; Geoffrey lội đến Bonkuka Fnu Kwayo Ithe, 30.000 đô la. • 128 Carl, Michael A. Seaman; Thành phố Buffalo đến Amirul Hồi giáo, 27.000 đô la. • 43 B, Elora Saied đến Aklima Karim Khan, 21.000 đô la. Ngân hàng Hoa Kỳ NA Tr đến Hzmy LLC, $ 17,622.CHEEKTOWAGA • 68 Ad Windwood Court, Windwood Place LLC đến 3095 Harlem Road Inc, $ 425.000. • 121 Groell Ave., Zabihollah Khaiber đến Mushtaq A. Mohamed, $ 275.000. Dorothy A. Coyle; Ronald J. Coyle đến 3200 Genesee St. LLC, 220.000 đô la. • 51 Goering Ave., Standard Property Management LLC đến Cyprian L. Mbeke; Kai E. Mbeke, 210.000 đô la. • 35 Crandon, Ralph Tweetsey đến Shahin Ahmed; Nele Begum, $ 167.500. • 116 Yvonne Ave., James E. Kolhoff; Marcella J. Kolhoff cho Humayyah Lee Hayward, 165.000 đô la. • 503 Walton Drive, Briana L. Niland cho Richard A. Hall Jr., 162.500 đô la. • 461 Darwin Drive, Janice Tucker cho Joseph L. Coleman IV, 149.000 đô la. • 99 Lou Ann Lái xe, Syte LLC đến Jenna Willis, 146.900 đô la. • 148 Đường Briarcliff, Jeremy B. Hoover đến Nathaniel B. Niver, 145.000 đô la. • 50 Wells Ave., Susan Casucci; Susan B. Casucci đến Sabrina N. Casucci, 145.000 đô la. • 195 Mcnaughton Ave., Michael P. Wendel đến Laurie A. Yaeger, 140.000 đô la. • 307 Parker St., Malwina Lubonski đến Daniel R. Bunch Jr., 125.000 đô la. • 20 Lái xe Parkedge, Brian D. Richards; Renee C. Richards đến Willie Frank Cickyham; Lucy Shannon, 100.000 đô la. • 142 Elmwood Ave., David J. Bartochowski; Bartochowski Irene M tháng 12; Norbert L. Bartochowski cho David Anderson; Melissa Anderson, 90.100 đô la. • 114 Glidden St., Helen A. Piatkowski; Jeanette Ruperti; Chester J. Wrobel; Thomas J. Wrobel đến Hdh Realty Inc, 90.000 đô la. • 107 Olanta St., Guinevere C. Horst; Thomas E. Horst đến James Haley III, 66.000 đô la. • 94 Woodell Ave., Sandra A. Piatek đến Amanda L. Fliss; Virginia Szalczewski, $ 52.500. • 18 Helenbrook Lane, Suzanne M. Kowal; Barbara M. Stanton đến William A. Scholz, 50.000 đô la. • 1591 East Delavan Ave., Douglas J. Stone; Nancy A. Stone đến Ks State Inc, 36.000 đô la. • 19 Vera Ave., Darlene R. Dudzic; Vincent Lotempio đến Cơ quan thế chấp của tiểu bang New York, $ 33,174. • 114 Glidden St., Schlant Mark J Bkr Tr; Wrobel Thomas J Bkr Tr đến Hdh Realty Inc, 30.000 đô la. • 1272 & 1280 Walden Ave., Scott A. Bylewski; Quận Erie đến 1280 Walden LLC, 17.000 đô la. • Đất trống 3048 William St., James Roberts đến Raas Lending Corp, 15.000 đô la. • 89 Henry St., James Hill đến Kevin Wiess, 15.000 đô la. LỚN • 5354 Briannas Nook, Forbes Homes Inc tới Jeffrey M. Meissner, 492.215 đô la. • 5733 Waterford Lane, Essex Ngôi nhà của WNY Inc cho Kevin D. Callahan; Mary J. Callahan, 450.145 đô la. • 9409 Bonnie Fay Drive, Edward M. Bartel; Rebecca L. Bartel đến Karalyn A. Freitag; Peter J. Freitag, 440.000 đô la. • 9640 Cao St., Ashley S. Tibbetts; Evan R. Tibbetts đến Emily A. Adolf; Kurt C. Adolf, $ 390,000. • 8061 Clarherst Drive, Walter J Floss Jr Tin tưởng có thể hủy bỏ 081806 Tr cho Jonathan D. Schierer; Shirley Schierer, 350.000 đô la. • 6125 Đường Goodrich, Barbara Schmid đến Konrad H. Diehl, 205.000 đô la. • 8885 Tòa án Williams, Karin M. Ryan; Robert J. Ryan đến Mcw Const Inc, 155.000 đô la. • 5861 1c Goodrich Road, Thaddeus Reszel; Thaddeus F. Reszel Jr. đến John E. Thur; Susanne K. Thur, 140.000 đô la. • 8928 Willyoungs Nhìn ra, Cimato Enterprises Inc đến Marrano / marc Equity Corporation, 130.000 đô la. • 8783 Stahley Road, Keepsake Homes Inc cho Rosado Manuel E Garcia; Torres Johanne I Batiz, 85.000 USD. • Vùng đất trống Sheridan Drive, Christopher D. Carollo; Richard C. Reinhold đến Ehsan Afshani; Victoria Skurski, 60.000 đô la. • 8150 Hampalinger Road, Betty Lou Fiegl đến Christopher Lavocat; Meredith Lavocat, 50.000 đô la Mỹ. 7751 Đường Ailen, Lawrence J. Calleri; Paula J. Calleri cho Jennifer R. Hoffman; Todd Hoffman, 285.000 đô la Mỹ. 2274 Orchard Place, Irvine J. Gaffney; Richard C. Gaffney to Jammy Noyes, $ 118,000.CONCORD • 9206 Middle Road, Deborah A. Bruno đến Ryan A. Bruno, 155.000.ELMA • 140 Jackman Lane, Charles Agnello; Debra Agnello to Dane D. Đếm; Renee L. Koppenhaver, $ 580,000. • 2751 Bowen Road, David A Ross & diane M Ross Renovation31 LLC đến Joyce M. Chlebek; Mark P. Chlebek, 394.000 đô la. • 6 Hidden Valley Drive, Costa Family Trust 112211 Tr cho Jason Brostko; Julie Brostko, $ 287.500. • 91 Đường Hickory Hill, Michael C. Walczak; Sharon S. Walczak đến Nicole K. Sobol; Spencer L. Sobol, 285.000 đô la. TIẾNG VIỆT • 6694 Prescott Drive, David W. Bates; Paula M. Bates; Bethany Rubin đến Bank of America NA, $ 150,862. • 9729 Versailles Road, Catherine J. Piall đến Darlene M. Ignasiak, $ 101,017. • 8191 Erie Road, Jean Guenot tới Duncan Tyler Jewitt, $ 80.000.FARNHAM • 580 Thương mại St. Orlando; Nicholas J. Orlando; Paul C. Orlando đến Devon Richards, 82.000 USD. ĐẢO ĐẢO • 301 Thuộc địa, Neil F. Hoffman; Heidi C. Martin đến Breanne Rhoads; Kyle M. Rhoads, $ 189.000. • 153 Riverdale Drive, Scott M. Green đến Michele L. Wanko, $ 163.000 .AMAM • 5566 Camp Road, Dc Sw Cleburne LLC đến Micropropericat One LLC, $ 1,011,050. • 2296 Agassiz Drive, Marrano / marc Tập đoàn đến Jason C. Walsh, $ 344,612. • 53 Nice Ave., Ruth S. Wood cho Eric M. Herman; Laura Herman, $ 245,000. • 6671 Đường Burke, George H. Yoviene đến Maryann Miller; Thomas D. Miller, 220.000 đô la. • 4330-berkley Pl & 14075, Mark Leas; Nancy Vitale Leas to Mark C Leas 2015 Revocable Trust Tr, $ 40,000. LACKAWANNA • 95 South Shore, Kyle Wheeler đến Maureen T. Sweeney, 202.500 đô la. • 87 Shamokin Drive, Salvatore A. Monaco đến Debra J. Pytlak; Richard J. Pytlak, 150.000 đô la. • 50 knowlton Ave., Brett J. Gage đến Megan L. Sobocinski; Timothy M. Wilton, 146.810 đô la. • 37 Vincent Ave., Ethan W. Collins; Kenneth Gutschall cho Rmac Trust Series 2016-Ctt Tr; Ngân hàng Hoa Kỳ NA Tr, $ 117,458.LANCASTER • 6291 Broadway, Cheryl A. Derkovitz; Peter A. Derkovitz đến Kim Obllin Bucci; Rudolf D. Bucci, $ 635,000. • 105 Avian Way, Marrano / marc Equity Corporation cho Jamie L. Fletcher; Jonathan R. Fletcher, $ 420,908. • 19 Cây thông, Linda E. Stephens; Richard A. Stephens đến Ari H. Almqvist; Domenika C. Bryant, 360.000 USD. • 26 ngõ Logan, Ann Marie Pickard; James N. Pickard đến Beverly Skorupa; Robert Skorupa, 343.000 đô la. • 25 Willow Ridge, Vera Dziadyk; Zenart J. Dziadyk đến Jeannine Haak; Scott Haak, $ 295.000. • 47 Tín hiệu ổ đĩa, Robin M. Dickman; Scott J. Dickman; Scott Dickman; Robin M. Greene; Robin Greene; Michael J. Herberger đến Fannie Mae, $ 211,712. • 30 Hess Place, Thomas P Schuster Ira Ben; Công ty ủy thác cổ phần đối với Elizabeth Kreppel; Joseph R. Kreppel, $ 208,000. • 76 Robert Drive, Jeannine A. Haak; Scott M. Haak đến Nina N. Mohsini, 198.000 đô la. • 2a St Anthony St., William Severyn đến Ambitious Enterprises Inc, 35.000 đô la. • 2b St Anthony St., William Severyn đến Ambitious Enterprises Inc, 35.000 đô la.MARILLA • 11518 Jamison Road, Justin Enterprises của Marilla Inc đến C & c Snyder Properties LLC, 350.000 đô la. XEM LẠI • Đường đất trống, Đường sân khấu, Candy L. Zackey; Thomas S. Zackey cho John E. Thur; Susanne K. Thur, 130.000 đô la. BỘ SƯU TẬP • 10637 Elm St., Danielle C. Diltz đến Kristen Thomas, $ 118,450.ORCHARD PARK • 124 Breezewood Drive, Michael J. Sullivan Jr. đến Chandler Reid Ferguson, $ 420.000. Edward M. Kruk; Sharon Kruk đến Kelly D. Pomana, 200.000 USD. • 29 Burbank Drive, Delphine A. Rollek; Delphine Ann Rollek đến Thomas Anthony Rollek; Wendy Sue Rollek, 180.000 đô la. • 5661 Scherff, David F. Allan; Diane M. Finger; John Finger cho Bobbi Jo Clark, 150.500 đô la. • 3904 Đường Abbott, Danie E. Brick; Debbie Mcdonell; Deborah M. Mcdonell; Deborah Mcdonell; Joseph D. Mcdonell; Joseph Mcdonell đến Ngân hàng M & t, $ 77,732.SARDINIA • Đường Olean, Mark I LLC đến Mark A. Kless, $ 76,560.CITY OF TONAWANDA • 60 Broad St., D Avid Commercial Properties LLC đến Veg Properties LLC, $ 210.000. • 739 Fletcher St. , Maryann S. Miller; Thomas D. Miller đến Salvatore Niro; Samantha Niro, 152.000 đô la. • 145 Syracuse St., Richard George Sửa sang Bradley N. Sciandra; Raelyn A. Sciandra, 130.000 đô la. • 43 Schuler Ave., Justina Heerdt; Richard Heerdt đến Paige Gore; Luke William Koren, 125.000 đô la.TONAWANDA • 1840 Military Road, Borowski Enterprises LLC đến Classic Lanes Realty LLC, 950.000 đô la. • 167 Irving Terrace, Karolynne M. Walters đến Ye Wu, 214.900 đô la. • 80 Marquette Ave., Ryann Hartmayer cho Kathryn R. Eskew; Ron W. Eskew, 180.000 đô la. • 19-25 Hale Court, V & f Property Management LLC đến G & w Capital Real Real LLC, 165.000 đô la. • 45 Fairlane Ave., Willard A. Sanscrainte Sr. đến Dawn L. Patton; Jonathan Patton, 155.000 đô la. • 111 Westfall, James V. Bartkowski; Thomas V. Bartkowski; Patricia M. Grundtisch; Kathryn M. Ryan đến John H. Callowhill, 134.000 đô la. • 48 Warburton Place, Joseph E. Barry đến Matthew R. Braun, 125.600 đô la. • 463 Harrison Ave., Flower City Properties LLC đến Samantha Williams, 112.000 đô la. • 306 Abbington Ave. , Mark S. Aquino; Ethel Rakowski cho Paul J. Tagliarino, 110.600 đô la. • 471 Delkn Ave., Bertha Tejada đến Roy F. Thurston; Sherry L. Thurston, 101.000 đô la. CÁCH • Đất trống Hunters Creek Road, Mary Munn; Richard Munn đến 606 Oakwood LLC, 84.500 đô la. • 6234 Đường Vermont Hill, Norman R. Daruszka Jr. đến Lsf9 Master Sự tham gia của Master Tr; Ngân hàng Hoa Kỳ NA Tr, 79,733 đô la. SENECA TỐT NHẤT • 69 Tracy Lynn Lane, David J. Nagy; Rosanne M. Nagy đến Kelly A. Gorczyca; Matthew C. Gorczyca, 250.000 đô la. • 273 Garry Drive, Lsf9 Master Trion Trust Tr; Ngân hàng Hoa Kỳ NA Tr đến Tracy tháng 5, $ 200.000. • 33 Arrowhead Drive, Jennifer R. Hoffman; Todd D. Hoffman đến Ronnie Hartman, $ 193,300. • 77 Barnett Drive, Gerald M. Kane; John P. Kane; Joseph M. Kane; Karen E. Kane; Mary C. Kane; Michael F. Kane; Paul A. Kane; Peter T. Kane; Maureen A. Orayfig; Sheila P. Pierce cho Joseph M. Kane; Michelle Kane, 180.000 đô la. • 120 Burch Ave., Liebner Kinda; Mary K. Schwartzmeyer; Thomas J. Schwartzmeyer gửi Ngân hàng Hoa Kỳ NA, $ 172,986. • 51 Greymont Ave., Steven Melock; Charles C. Siwy đến La bàn mạo hiểm của WNY LLC, 120.000 đô la. • 57 Elmsford Drive, Victor Paul Olejniczak đến My Place của WNY LLC, 118.500 đô la. • 4099 Seneca St., Bank of America NA đến Tamsitu Holdings LLC, $ 7.980. [ad_2] Nguồn

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sciencespies · 5 years ago

Text

Decades of Tree Data Reveal Forests Under Attack

https://sciencespies.com/nature/decades-of-tree-data-reveal-forests-under-attack/

Decades of Tree Data Reveal Forests Under Attack

The Blue Ridge Mountains make up one of the oldest mountain ranges in the world. They are also home to forests with diverse tree populations. But those trees are under attack from invasive species, and Smithsonian researchers say that the impact over time is becoming ever more concerning.

According to a study published in the journal Ecosystems on April 29, in a section of the Blue Ridge Mountains, about a quarter of the loss of tree biomass—roughly one-quarter of tree death—over the past three decades was linked to invasive species transported by humans. The study is believed to be the first long-term look at the impact of multiple invasive species on aspects of the forest, the researchers reported.

One of the forest sections they studied is part of the Smithsonian’s Forest Global Earth Observatory, or ForestGEO, a network of sites that monitors changes to forests. The initiative dates to 1980, when Smithsonian researchers began mapping, measuring and tagging trees at a site in Panama. That original plot contained a quarter of a million trees. “No one had ever tried anything like this ever before,” says Stuart Davies, director of ForestGEO.

The researchers discovered ash trees infested with emerald ash borer beetles, which get under the bark and disrupt the tissue that brings water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves.

(Alan Tepley, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute)

The network now monitors some six million trees inside tropical and temperate forests at 70 sites in 27 countries. The methodology to monitor them is consistent across sites, which makes the program unique. “Unless you measure things in the same way, it’s very hard to compare them,” Davies says. “What we have is a very clearly standardized protocol, where we know if you compare a data set from Gabon with a data set from Brazil, there’s no question.” More than a thousand research articles have come out of the network.

For the new study, the researchers focused on plots inside Shenandoah National Park in Virginia, which contains a section of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and a nearby plot monitored by the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute. The team from the Smithsonian and the park looked at 67 plots of forest across 73 acres. The data was from 1987 to 2019 and contained more than 350,000 tree observations.

“We know that pests and pathogens can have a really important impact. But it’s highly variable in time and space,” says Kristina Anderson-Teixeira, a forest ecologist at SCBI and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and lead author of the study. “I wanted to get a broader overall picture of, long-term, how have these been affecting the forests as a whole?”

“People need to appreciate forests, recognize that our water, our clean air, so many services that we depend on, are the result of fully functioning, healthy forests,” says Stuart Davies, director of ForestGeo.

(Alan Tepley, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute)

The researchers found that the invasive species were tied to around 25 percent of tree deaths over the time period studied. “That’s pretty significant for the functioning of the forest,” Anderson-Teixeira says. “We’re losing cool species, species that we value for one reason or the other.” Normally trees have mortality rates of 1 or 2 percent per year, she says. For the trees that invasive species impacted, the figure was as high as 20 percent.

Changes to the forest affect the animals that live in them. This area is known for bobcats, raccoons, eastern striped skunks and opossums. “There are these cascading impacts of the forest composition on. . . the forest animals,” Anderson-Teixeira says. For example, the gypsy moth, an invasive insect, has devastated oak tree populations in the area, and animals such as American black bears, white-tailed deer, Allegheny woodrats, Eastern gray squirrels, and southern flying squirrels rely on acorns from those trees.

“Due to these invasive species,” says William McShea, a wildlife ecologist with the Conservation Ecology Center at SCBI and one of the study’s 20 authors, “you’re getting a lot more young trees, and that’s a much different forest composition. That benefits some species and doesn’t benefit others.” White-tailed deer flourish with young vegetation and woody plants at the forest floor, for example. But other species, including birds, prefer a more mature forest, according to McShea.

Invasive species aren’t just a problem in the Blue Ridge Mountains; they impact forests throughout the United States. People have documented at least 471 exotic insects and pathogens in forests across the country over the past few centuries, and similar situations exist in Europe and Asia.

The problem is species-specific, so particular invasive species impact particular tree hosts. The researchers identified eight combinations of invasive pests or pathogens and their hosts: American chestnuts suffered from chestnut blight, a fungus from Asia; elms had Dutch elm disease, also a fungus from Asia; redbuds had neofusioccum, a fungus of unknown origin; butternut trees had butternut canker, another fungus from Asia; dogwoods had dogwood anthracnose, yet another fungus from Asia; oaks attracted the gypsy moth, an insect from Europe; hemlocks were victim to hemlock woolly adelgid, an insect from Asia; and ash trees attracted the emerald ash borer, another insect from Asia.

Of the eight tree taxa they studied, seven have species that are now threatened or endangered because of the invasive pests or pathogens, according to the study. The researchers found six more combinations, but those trees declined possibly due to other factors.

Invasive species impact the trees through different means. For example, the emerald ash borer, an insect, gets under the bark and disrupts the xylem, a tissue that brings water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves. Gypsy moths cause leaves to fall off trees.

Because of global trade and travel, invasive species will likely remain a problem. Climate change can make the problem worse, because unhealthy forests are less resistant to exotic species, and those pests and pathogens can spread faster under warmer conditions, according to Anderson-Teixeira.

Invasive species are among several ways that forests are under attack. Forest fires, such as those that burned in the Amazon rainforest in 2019 due to human deforestation, climate change and drought are additional ways. Even native species, such as white-tailed deer, which are in high density in certain parts of Shenandoah National Park, can disrupt the balance of the ecosystem if not regulated. As Anderson-Teixeira puts it, “There’s a lot of pressures on forests these days.”

These threats are evolving. Changes to land use are becoming increasingly worrisome to the forest monitors at ForestGEO. “We’re still losing something between 80 and 100,000 square kilometers of tropical rainforest every year,” says Davies, the ForestGEO director. This deforestation and fragmentation of forests allows other threats to increase, according to Davies. For example, hunting often happens when forests are more accessible to humans; fragmented forests are likely more susceptible to climate fluctuations; and when animals do not stay isolated in their forest habitats, they can transmit pathogens to humans, including coronaviruses.

But the researchers found that overall, the forest they studied remained healthy, even as trees impacted by invasive species died. That’s because forests are resilient.

The average above-ground biomass, a measure of trees above the soil, actually increased, as trees that were impacted less by the invasive pests and pathogens grew. Tree biodiversity also did not change much. “In some patches,” Anderson-Teixeira says, “you’d look around and see more species than you would have in the past. It works because it’s a fairly diverse forest, so you’re losing some species, and less affected species are filling in.”

The study suggests that people and governments prevent invasive species through policy regulations, biosecurity and conservation to make forests more resilient.

“People need to appreciate forests, recognize that our water, our clean air, so many services that we depend on, are the result of fully functioning, healthy forests,” Davies says. “Many people who are stuck at home at the moment are probably starting to realize, ‘Heck, I didn’t realize how much I really appreciate being outside and walking in the park.”

#Nature

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carnegiemuseumnaturalhistory · 5 years ago

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Carnegie Geologists Win National Award

John Harper and Albert D. Kollar.

In the fall of 2018, Albert D. Kollar and John A. Harper (volunteer and research associate) of the Section of Invertebrate Paleontology in collaboration with the Pittsburgh Geological Society conducted a geology field trip titled: Geology of the Early Iron Industry in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. Back then, we had no idea this field guide would be recognized by the Geoscience Information Society with their GSIS Award 2019 for Best Guidebook (professional) at the Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America (GSA). On September 23, 2019, Albert attended the Awards Luncheon in Phoenix, Arizona, to receive the GSIS Award.

Albert D. Kollar and Michael Noga representing Geoscience Information Society.

As stated by the GSIS committee chair, “The Geology of the Early Iron Industry in Fayette County, Pennsylvania is well-written and well-illustrated, with both professional and popular sections. I can see local geology teachers taking students on these trips to show a chapter in the development of an important early ore industry in the United States. With the aid of detailed road logs guidebook users can see and learn about the geology, industrial development, history, and fossils in Fayette County. Field Trip leaders can use the guidebook to expand on several topics, depending on the interests of their trip attendees. An additional benefit of the guidebook is its free availability online, so any traveler with an interest in the area can explore on their own. The Pittsburgh Geological Society has performed a great model for other local societies that are interested in spreading the benefits of their field trips to wider audiences.”

In receiving the award, Kollar opined that the guidebook has been recognized for the diverse geology of the region and the many historical sites that can be seen and visited respectively throughout southwestern Pennsylvania. These include, the geology of Chestnut Ridge, a Mississippian-age limestone quarry with abundant fossils and Laurel Caverns, the history of oil and gas exploration, the historic Wharton Charcoal Blast Furnace, the geology of natural gas storage, the country’s First Puddling Iron Furnace, and the birth place of both coke magnate Henry Clay Frick and Old Overholt Straight Rye Whiskey, West Overton, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania.

Another feature of the guidebook is its dedication to Dr. Norman L. Samways, retired metallurgist, geology enthusiast, and good friend who spent many years as a volunteer with the Invertebrate Paleontology Section of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Sam, as we called him, passed away in February 2018. His contribution came about when he was instrumental in the research and writing of the Geology and History of Ironmaking in Western Pennsylvania, with his co-authors John A. Harper, Albert D. Kollar, and David J. Vater, published as PAlS Publication 16, 2014. Moreover, Sam was solely responsible for a new historical marker, AMERICA’S FIRST PUDDLING FURANCE along PA 51, dedicated on September 10, 2017 by the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission and the Fayette County Historical Society. David Vater contributed to the guidebook’s content by drawing a schematic diagram of a typical puddling iron furnace, which is greatly appreciated. Key fossils and iron ores of the section’s collection are referenced as well. The cataloged fossils cited in peer review journals authored by section staff and research associates includes those on the trilobites by Brezinski (1984, 2008, and 2009), Bensen (1934) and Carter, Kollar and Brezinski (2008) for brachiopods, and Rollins and Brezinski (1988) for crinoid-platyceratid (snail) co-evolution.

In recent years, the section has run highly successful regional field trips about various geology and paleontology topics based on the museum collections, collaborations with the Pittsburgh Geology Society, the Geological Society of America, Osher Institute of the University of Pittsburgh, Nine-Mile Run Watershed, Allegheny County Parks, Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy, Montour Trail, Carnegie Discovers, and the section’s own PAlS geology and fossil program. A future field trip is being planned to assess the dimension stones that built the Carnegie Museum and noted architectural building stones of Oakland.

Albert D. Kollar is the Collection Manager in the Section of Invertebrate Paleontology at Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Museum employees are encouraged to blog about their unique experiences and knowledge gained from working at the museum.

#Carnegie Museum of Natural History #Geology #Geologists #Award #Pennsylvania #Invertebrate Paleontology

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dalmackphoto · 6 years ago

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chestnut ridge, august 2017

#film #35mm #canon ae-1 program #kodak portra #kodak film #buffalo #buffalony #buffalove #wny #wnyphotographer #716 #rust belt #i shoot film #film is not dead #chestnut ridge #light flare #wildflowers #chestnut ridge state park #kodak portra 400

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usaplacesandspaces · 3 years ago

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Illinois

PAbingdon

• Big Daddy Totem Pole

Addison

• Nike Park

Aledo

Altamont

• On the Rox Pub and Grub

Alto Pass

• Bald Knob Cross of Peace

Alton

• Alton Military Prison, National Register of Historic Places

• Alton Museum of History & Art, Inc.

• Lincoln/Douglas Square

• Miles Davis statue

• Piasa Bird

• Robert Wadlow Statue

• The Soul Asylum

Arcola

• Arcola chamber of commerce

• A Walk Through Time, featuring Raggedy Ann and Andy

• Hippie Memorial

• Illinois Central Railroad Depot

• Johnny Gruelle Monument, creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy

Aroma Park

Ashmore

Atlanta

• American Giants Museum

• Atlanta's Bunyon Giant

• J. H. Hawes Grain Elevator Historic Site

• Mattingly Automotive

• Smiley Face

Auborn

• Illinois Brick Road

Aurora

• Aurora University

• Bedrosian Plaza

• City of Aurora- Phillips Park Zoo

• Dunham Hall,

• Grand Dental - Aurora

• Hollywood Casino Aurora

• Philips Park Zoo

• Swimming Stones Sculpture

Barrington

• Langendorf Park

Batavia

• Batavia Depot Museum

• Depot Pond

• Fabyan Forest Preserve

• Fabyan Windmill

• Fermilab

Lemont

• Argonne National Laboratory

• Argonne Research Library

Batchtown

Belleville

• National Shrine of Our Lady of the Snows

Belvidere

• Boone County museum of History

• Highland Garden of Memories

Benton

• Benton, George Harrison Mural

• Benton IL, Historic Jail Museum

• Franklin County Garage Museum

• Louise Harrison-Caldwell House - Beatles Historic Site

Benville

Berwyn

• Cigars and Stripes BBQ Lounge

• Paisans Pizzeria

• Worlds Largest Laundromat

Bloomington

• Bloomington Center for the Performing Arts

• Central Illinois Regional Airport at Bloomington-Normal

• Embark Tree Removal

• Evergreen Memorial Cemetery

• McLean County Museum of History

• McPherson Theatre

• Miller Park

• Miller Park War Memorial

• Miller Park Zoo

• Nord Animal Hospital

• Prairie Aviation Museum

• Steel And Bedrock House

Blue Island

Bourbonnais

* Childrens Memorial Park

* Exploration Park

Braidwood

Braidwood Zoo

Polk-A-Dot Drive In

Breese

Broadwell

• Pig Hip restaurant Memorial

Brookfield

• Brookfield family restaurant

• Brookfield Zoo

Brownstown

Brussels

• Brussels Village Jail

Buncombe

Bunker Hill

• Lincoln statue Bunker Hill

Burbank

• Haunted Trails Family Entertainment Center (Burbank)

Burr Ridge

• Burr Ridge Veterans Memorial

Cahokia

• Greater St. Louis Air and Space Museum

Cairo

• Fort Defiance State Park

Calumet City

• Calumet City Yellow Smiley Face Water Tower

Cambridge

• Rosedale Cemetery

Carbondale

• Jeremy "Boo" Rochman Memorial Park

• R. Buckminster Fuller and Anne Hewlett Dome Home

• Saluki Stadium

• Southern Illinois University

Carmi

• Little Giant Grocery

Carol Stream

• Augustino's Rock and Roll Deli and Grill

Carthage

• Kibbe Hancock Heritage Museum

Casey

• Big Bookworm

• Big Cactus

• Big Nail Puzzle

• Big Pencil

• Big Yardstick

• Casey Country Club

• Cilantros Grill & Cantina

• JJET Rental Sales & Service

• Largest Bird Cage

• Wildflour Bakery & Candy Co

• World's Largest Pitchfork

• Worlds Largest Golf Tee

• World's Largest Key

• World's Largest Knitting Needles and Crochet Hook

• World's Largest Mailbox

• World's Largest Rocking Chair

• World's Largest Swizzle Spoon

• World's Largest Teeter Toter

• World's Largest Wind Chime

• World's Largest Wooden Shoes

Cave-In-Rock

• Cave-in-Rock State Park

Centralia

• Centralia Carillon

• Centralia Area Historical Museum

Champaign

• Curtis Orchard & Pumpkin Patch

• Kraft

• Virginia Theatre

Charleston

• Grace the Shark

• Morton Park

Chatsworth

Chenoa

Cherry

• Cherry Miner's Cemetery

Chester

• Reids' Harvest House

• Spinach Can Collectibles

• Statue of Alice the Goon

• Statue of Bluto

• Statue of Castor Oyl and Bernice the Whiffle Hen

• Statue of Cole Oyl

• Statue of Olive Oyl/Swee'Pea/Jeep

• Statue of Popeye

• Statue of Sea Hag and Bernard the Vulture

• Statue of Stinger the Yellow Jacket

• Statue of Wimpy

Chesterville

• Chesterville Cemetery

Chestnut

Cicero

• Henry's Drive-In

Collinsville

• Worlds Largest Catsup Bottle

Cornell

• Friendship Shoe Fence

Covell

• Charles Lindbergh Crash Site #2

Crestwood

• Nike Missile Site C-44

Crystal Lake

• The Greenhouse of Crystal Lake

Cullom

Danville

• Danville Area Visitors Bureau

• Lindley Sign Post Forest

• Temple Plaza

Darien

• National Shrine of St. Therese

DeKalb

• Ellwood House Museum

• Northern Illinois University

Decatur

• Chevrolet Hall of Fame Museum

• Wild Dog Saloon

Des Plaines

• Golf Center Des Plaines

• The Choo Choo

• Square Deal Shoe Store

Diamond

• Diamond Mine Disaster Monument

Dixon

• John Deere Historic Site

• Lowell Park

• Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home

• Veterans Memorial Park

• Wings of Peace and Freedom Park

Downers Grove

Durand

• A. C. McCartney Equipment

Dwight

• Amblers Texaco Gas Station

• Cardiff Town State Historic Site

East Moline

• John Deere Harvester Works

East Peoria

• Carl's Bakery & Restaurant

• Last Harvest Ministries

• Twistee Treat

Edwardsville

• Buckminster Fuller Dome

• Center for Spirituality and Sustainability

• Madison County Historical Museum

• Southern Illinois University Edwardsville

Effingham

• The Cross at the Crossroads

• Merz Heating & Air Conditioning

• Mid America Motorworks

• My Garage Museum and Store

Elburn

• Larsons Light Show

Eldorado

• Big John's

Eldred

Elizabeth

• Cajun Jack's Bar & Grill

Elk Grove Village

• Busse Woods

• Ned Brown Meadow

Ellsworth

• Twin Groves Wind Farm

Elmwood Park

• World’s Largest Radio Flyer Wagon

Elsworth

• Ellsworth water tower/Baseball

Elwood

• Midewin Iron Bridge Trailhead

Dawson Township

• Ellsworth water tower/Baseball

Eureka

• Eureka College

• Ronald Reagan Museum

• Section of the Berlin Wall

Evanston

• American Toby Jug Museum

Findlay

• Goat Tower Farm

Forest Park

• Little Teeth Big Smiles Children's Dentistry

• Woodlawn Funeral Home & Memorial Park

Forrest

Jerry’s Hat Museum

Wabash Railroad Model Train Museum

Jackson Township

• Midewin Iron Bridge Trailhead

Leyden Township

• World’s Largest Radio Flyer Wagon

Windsor

• Goat Tower Farm

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vandaliatraveler · 2 years ago

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Part 2 of 2: Friendship Hill National Historical Site protects the vast, sprawling estate of Albert Gallatin, a Swiss-American entrepreneur and politician sometimes referred to as America’s forgotten founding father. Gallatin purchased the land for his estate in 1785, when the Allegheny Plateau represented the westernmost frontier of the United States. The full histories of the site and Albert Gallatin can be found here. Today, the estate, perched on a idyllic wooded bluff overlooking the Monongahela River to the west and the Chestnut Ridge to the east, is administered by the National Park Service as part of the Fort Necessity National Battlefield.

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bdscuatui · 5 years ago

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ripbabyjahseh · 5 years ago

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Venturesome Singapore Mountain Bike Trails That You Can't Afford To Miss

Here are the absolute best mountain biking and cycling trails in Singapore, and you should simply peruse on...

1. Bukit Timah: A well known off-road bicycle circle that rings around the celebrated Bukit Timah Hill, Bukit Timah settles between Hinhinde Park and Diary Farm Road. It is situated inside the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve zone, which offers the correct blend of rough landscape and cloudy and dabbed land to bicycle on, and furthermore extended climbs and slants to challenge your biking abilities. Visiting Bukit Timah is by all methods an extraordinary method to live the Singapore trail blazing bicycle understanding.

2. Ketam Bike Park (Palau Ubin): This MTB trail is arranged around the eastern shoreline of the nation's terrain where one scopes with a short ship ride. One of the eminent highlights of the Ketam Bike Park trail is that it finds some kind of harmony among harsh and simple as it really gets you to trudge only the manner in which you would at your exercise center. It is fundamentally a sandy and at the same time dry trail for most part and includes blue squares (simple riding knoll) just as dark jewel (troublesome level) rides, which can address the issues of all mountain bikers.

Image source The Diamond Club

3. Kent Ridge: This MTB trail is situated around South Bouna Vista Road and is in closeness to the city area of Singapore. Despite the fact that the Kent Ridge MTP circle isn't long, it offers a lot of alternatives for passionate mountain bikers. There's a circle of single track for trail riding just as a detached D-Line alongside many exciting ways wherein one could lose the way (but then not disappear however return to security instantly). You will likewise run over embankments that will fuel your speed while you trail blazing bicycle.

4. Chestnut Nature Park: This sweeping 80-hectare park offers extravagantly long winding smooth drives with sporadic twofold dark precious stone stretches (intense take yet discretionary). This MTB trail brags of rich biodiversity compared with comforts and accommodations for relaxation. In spite of the fact that the nearness of such administrations is valued by certain individuals as they give unwinding and refreshment offices, others state that a mountain biking trail shouldn't have these courses of action as they beat the motivation behind feeling one with nature. Independent of these variations, the Chestnut Nature Park is prevalent and known as a trail that has something for everybody, be it for a cyclist or a climber.

5. Track 15 (otherwise known as T15): This trail is an unassumingly simple trail perfect for tenderfoots to commence their mountain biking interests. It is a quintessential twofold trail that will in general turn tight periodically while moving ahead; one that additionally has basic ascensions and rollers that anybody can give it a shot. What's more, in case you're feeling that prepared riders discover Track 15 excessively simple, reconsider. This spot is really prevalent among no-nonsense mountain bikers all things considered here that they get the chance to test their potential for speeding.

6. Coney Island: Coney Island, on the other hand known as Pulau Serangoon, is a rambling 133-hectare island arranged off the north-eastern bank of Singapore in a town called Punggol. Coney Island was tossed open to the open two years back. It includes a nature park that highlights a rock cycling track that bikers appreciate riding on. It's a pleasant region that is quick turning into a favored mountain biking goal in Singapore.

While the mountain biking (and cycling) trails explained upon above are included among the best in Singapore, it is likewise beneficial to take note of that there are many more mountain biking and cycling trails that offer dazzling other options. Simultaneously, there are a few trails that have been worked by people solely to give mountain bikers a quality mountain biking background. Notwithstanding that, there likewise are sure mountain biking and cycling trails that for certain reasons have been shut to the overall population.

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rowingchat · 7 years ago

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US Masters Rowing National Championships – Day 2 musings

It’s not an expensive flight to Tennessee and the 2017 Masters Nationals but I thought I’d drive it. My mother was raised in Huntsville, Alabama and most of the annual trip there from Maryland followed the same route I drove the other day, across mountains range that seems more easily traversed than back before I-81 came through (yes, I remember the days before the interstate) and a cultural chasm that seems just as wide as it was back when grandma half-facetiously suggested we paste a confederate flag sticker to our bumper, so that our out-of-state plates didn’t make us look like Yankee agitators.

Grandpa was born about two hours west of here, in Peeled Chestnut, Tennessee, and I’m going try to peel off a few hours to get out to the ancestral homeland when I get a chance. He was a genuine hillbilly — he would have pronounced in “gin-u-wine,” as he did that time Stephanie said she’d only visit Huntsville if he taught her how to shoot and he took us out back of the house he’d built just outside the city limits, put a .22 revolver in her hands and said “that there’s gin-u-wine Saturday night special”.

In the meantime, my little cabin is outside of Clinton, Tennessee is conveniently located twenty miles east of Oak Ridge and twenty miles north of Knoxville.

Or, maybe it’s not convenient to anything except the Museum of Appalachia just down at the bottom of the hill – twenty miles from Knoxville ain’t ground zero for nightlife. And there were definitely a couple of gin-u-wine hillbillies in Harrison’s, the chain restaurant where I went to dinner the first night. Most everybody else looked like they were in some kind of benevolent biker gang, though there were a lot more Harley logos on t-shirts than hogs in the parking lot.

But, while every city kid of my generation has seen “Deliverance” and fears the sound of banjos at night once we get beyond the range of reliable public transportation, I’m enjoying the countryside. This is probably the most beautiful place I’ve ever rowed, with wooded hills rising directly from the shoreline of a sheltered course. And the folks around here are as nice they can be – the Harley T-shirt guys holding the door for you and the waitress talking your ear off.

US Masters National Champs venue Melton Hill Lake in Oak Ridge, Tenn

There was another fog delay today so I rolled out of the hills around lunchtime to get ready for my first race, another mixed boat. Tuesday, Mark mentioned that we were going to be racing in the B8 and I said “what the hell are two geezers like us doing in a B boat.” And he squinted in my direction, smiled cagily and said simply: “young chicks.”

I’ve been listening to a lot of country music lately (Dwight Yokum singing “GIT-ars, cadillacs and hill-billy music – the only things that keep me hangin’ on” is pretty much my walk-on music). One of the basic assumptions of country music is that young girls will kill you. And Jack and Meredith stroking us at a 39 for the body of the heat damn near did kill me. It must have looked a little funny from the shore – Steve and I in 6 and 5 seats, with almost a foot on our stroke pair, trying to match their timing and reach.

But the problem with rowing at a 39 (aside from the potential for killing one of the rowers outright) is that there’s a flail factor – you’re missing water and wearing yourself out. Which we did.

Though, for all the excitement of trying to hold the stroke rate, it must have been kind of boring race. Close races are exciting to row, but I’m not sure anybody moved on anyone after the first 250 metres – no back and forth. Most annoyingly, one of club team boats jumped out to a two seat lead and just held it despite our overdriving stroke rate. It always hurts to lose bragging rights to your own teammates, especially by less than half a second. Meanwhile, Western Reserve took the heat by the boat length they’d established at the start.

But, after a uniquely unanimous boat meeting, we decided that if we actually settled during the settle, and stayed long, we had a chance in the final �� and we could at least beat those tenacious clubsters.

After lunch, we raced the Men’s E4 in a straight-to-finals event. I was back with my boys – the stern 4 of the E8 that had taken club gold the day before. We had a uniquely crappy warmup – we did a build and couldn’t get over a 34 and had all the power of a fatigued high school crew, and boat was flopping all over the place. We eventually did a competent start and 15, but when we pulled up to the line against pretty physically intimidating array of boats – including crosstown rival Potomac Boat Club — it looked a little grim.

But, damned if we didn’t pull it together in a big way. Not big enough, mind you. We put Potomac away pretty early and gradually pulled away from third place New Haven. But Riverfront Recapture put us away pretty solidly, too, winning by four seconds.

But still – and I rarely take comfort in this – it was a really beautiful row.

How beautiful?

My first year on the Comp Team, I was in a 4 with our incredibly competitive stroke, Ralph (“sometimes I think I hate losing more than I like winning”) up in Philly and we won, despite a pretty awful row. It was maybe my first medal, and my daughter was coxing and it was the day before Father’s Day so I was pretty happy with life. And I wanted a picture of the boat, but Ralph was so pissed at the way we rowed I was almost physically afraid to ask him to pose with the rest of us. His intensity helps make him an amazing stroke, but he can be a little intimidating.

But, after losing this race (short lived Nike slogan “You don’t win the silver, you lose the gold”. They had to drop that one), Ralph turned around and high-fived Craig, in three seat, who passed it down to Steve and to me in bow. It was one of the best pure rows of my life and, hell, it was good for The Sport, because when you row well and lose you say things like “man, those Riverfront guys are pretty damn good,” rather than letting bitterness and regret eat away at you (“those lucky bastards, if we hadn’t been waked/rushed so much/sucked, we would have….”).

It was the sport living up to its billing. Plus, a silver.

I was hoping for the same result, or better, in the Mixed 8 final. And we had a warmup as beautiful as the four’s was awful, skimming over the river and accelerating effortlessly. During the race we settled properly and rowed well, rowed hard. But the race turned out to be a virtual repeat of the heat, with Greenwich – with two rowers late of Capital, the turncoats! — coming in from the other heat to push us off the podium. At least the other Capital boat took the bronze. Better to be beaten by friends than some gang of strangers; they earned their hardware with a really strong row.

The mixed boat was the next to the last race of the day and the sunlight was turning a little golden and we walked over to get a beer, all the adrenaline and energy and clatter and action of a day of racing slipping away and the guitarist playing strangely melancholy music – who wants to hear “Fast Car” after a day of racing? — as we chatted and rehashed. Ebb tide.

It’s addictive, though, isn’t it? The highs and the lows, the medals and the aughts. I was still a little down as I walked the 800 miles to my distant parking spot along the road, but that’s just the rhythm, you roll with it and almost enjoy it. You wouldn’t feel down if it wasn’t important to you. And as much fun as a long weekend at the beach might have been, doing something important that tests you and brings you together with friends so you really feel the highs and the lows is an extraordinary thing.

And there’s a beautiful sunset over the hills and another race tomorrow, another chance at redemption and that elusive high that comes from winning or just a a few minutes of pure joyous exertion.

In the meantime, guitars, Cadillacs and hillbilly music keep me hanging on.

The post US Masters Rowing National Championships – Day 2 musings appeared first on Rowperfect UK.

US Masters Rowing National Championships – Day 1 musings

New Masters Rowing advice series

from Rowperfect (On-Demand) http://ift.tt/2v2kbS9

#rowing #crew #rowperfect #Rowperfect (On-Demand)

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