#charles degaulle

[dreamofstarlight]

Jacqueline Kennedy is greeted by President Charles DeGaulle of France at the Élysée Palace in Paris - May 31, 1961

[eretzyisrael]

by NORMAN J.W. GODA

All of this made perfect sense to French Trotskyists and Maoists. Pro-Palestinian anti-Zionist organizations formed in France after the Six-Day War. They included university students who styled themselves as revolutionaries. Using the language of anti-colonialism still fresh from France’s ill-fated attempt to retain Algeria, these organizations also borrowed the legacy of the French Resistance, neatly turning the Israelis into the Nazis. French keffiyeh-wearing Communists complained of Jewish press control. “Palestine solidarity” events included distribution of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion. As Jewish writer Gérard Rosenthal put it in early 1970, “The problem of Israel is becoming a national problem.” Israel’s seasoned ambassador Asher Ben-Natan, who arrived in Paris in 1970, noted that relations with France had hit difficulties because “there exists also in France elements that have suddenly adopted anti-Israel attitudes.”

How did France’s Jews respond? By asserting their Jewishness without sacrificing their claim to France’s promise of universal dignity. “The world,” said Meïr Waintrater, the editor of the Jewish monthly L’Arche, in April 1970, “only likes dead Jews. . . . It is impossible today to open a newspaper without finding an article [that] gives Jews advice — which curiously resembles orders — on how to be Jewish or how to be French.” Later, in 1977, filmmaker Claude Lanzmann asked, “Why must the Jews feel obligated after Auschwitz to speak in [polite] language? To prove that they are really French? This language . . . is from the time of Dreyfus! It is the language [from] before the creation of Israel! If we are to protest, I ask that we do so as Jews!”

The chief vehicle of the French-Jewish campaign was the International League against Racism and Antisemitism (LICRA), formed in 1927 in reaction to the dreadful treatment of Jews in Eastern Europe after World War I. After World War II, LICRA countered racism as well, monitoring everything from apartheid in South Africa to the civil rights movement in the United States to the war in Vietnam to the treatment of Arab workers in France. For French Jews, anti-antisemitism and the fight against racism were both part of the struggle for human dignity. LICRA saw no contradiction between opposing racism and advocating the safety of the State of Israel. If the world was divided, it was not between the oppressors and the oppressed. It was divided into those whose rights to safety were respected and those whose rights were not.

LICRA altered its view on de Gaulle. He was still the man who, on June 18, 1940, had called for resistance to the Germans in the name of the universalism France represented. As LICRA president and former Gaullist intelligence officer Jean Pierre-Bloch put it, “We will never forget.” But Pierre-Bloch also noted publicly that de Gaulle “is betraying the Franco-Israeli friendship, not to [help] the Arab people, but to support the potentates who rule these people to their great detriment.” Understanding that the French policy encouraged Arab extremists to hold out for Israel’s destruction rather than work for peace, LICRA also led demonstrations of Jews and non-Jews in Paris and other cities against what Pierre-Bloch called “the scandalous embargo.” Meanwhile LICRA called for a Palestinian state — but without the PLO, whose terror operations disqualified it from any human-rights struggle.

LICRA’s writers, Jews and non-Jews, also tried to expose the antisemitic nature of anti-Zionism in their newspaper Le Droit de vivre. Didier Aubourg, who worked for Judeo-Christian amity in France, wrote in March 1970, “Of all the forces that threaten Israel, the Arab armies are far from the most fearsome. The most relentless enemy . . . is indeed antisemitism, the old antisemitism that no longer dares to say its name, but which, rebaptized as anti-Zionism, has never lost its murderous virulence.” Former member of the Resistance, writer, and curator Jean Cassou was more direct. Anti-Zionism, he said, was “a wonderful invention,” because it “allows everyone to be an antisemite in good conscience from now on.”

As for the PLO’s mask of humanism and progressivism, philosopher Anne Matalon noted in the spring of 1968 that “one would be justified in thinking” that the PLO “would recognize . . . the Israeli people.” Instead, the PLO resembled “a capricious child or psychopath” who insisted that history could be turned back. Could the PLO really pose as revolutionary? Jacques Givet, whose family was murdered in Auschwitz and who narrowly escaped death by jumping from a deportation train, said no. “Any apology for al-Fatah, however veiled,” he wrote in March 1969, referring to the PLO’s main group, “is by necessity an apology for genocide.” Unlike the anti-colonial terror in Algiers, Givet argued, “Free Palestine” was little more than a slogan wrapped in pseudo-revolutionary imagery to justify Israel’s destruction and the killing of Jews. François Musard, a member of the Jewish Resistance, identified Palestinian terror as “defiance of the most elementary rules of civilization.” It “strikes blindly in theaters, in markets, among innocent populations where their victims are more often women and children. It wants nothing more than ‘to kill a Jew.’”

[thatscarletflycatcher]

"All my life I have thought of France in a certain way. This is inspired by sentiment as much as by reason. The emotional side of me tends to imagine France, like the princess in the fairy stories or the Madonna in the frescoes, as dedicated to an exalted and exceptional destiny... I was convinced that France would have to go through gigantic trials, that the interest of life consisted in one day rendering her some signal service, and that I would have the occasion to do so."

- From the opening of Memoirs of War: The Call to honor by Charles DeGaulle

I'm getting this as a Christmas present and I'm seeing I'm in for a treat

[whatzitoyuh]

The worst part of really liking airplanes and flying is how much airports fucking blow.

[sigynpenniman]

AIRPORT TIERLIST OF AIRPORTS I’VE BEEN THROUGH FROM SOMEONE WHO FUCKING LOVES AIRPORTS

S TIER:

- MCO Orlando. My love my queen. Platonic ideal of airports. All the other airports wanna be her.

- MSY New Orleans - I have only seen your beautiful face once but your vibes were just impeccable. I miss you beautiful

A TIER:

- LHR London Heathrow - you’re so chill and sweet to be such a major airport. Weirdly calming somehow. Sterile, but the big boy of London airports. When you’re here you’re in London. Smells like joy.

- CDG Charles DeGaulle Paris. Dripping in stunning retro futurism and has a Concorde on stands by the runway. We love her

- DCA Ronald Reagan Washington DC. So pretty. So clean. So easy to navigate. Prevented from S tier status by being one long skinny thing with no way to get quickly across it.

B TIER:

- DEN Denver Colorado. Architecture for the gods but somehow the vibes are off. I’d fly through you again happily but I don’t feel especially warm when I think of you.

- FLL Fort Lauderdale - Hollywood. You’re permanently attached to very warm memories for me because of the trip I took from you but you’re just kind of there. Vibes are off. Meh.

- ORD Chicago O’hare. Aesthetic perfection but weirdly stressful. While I had a great time on this trip I do not think warmly of the airport other than the rainbow lighting. Jules got yelled at here. -10 points.

- CLE Cleveland Ohio. Another airport that is home of warm memories due to loved ones but just really not the vibe as an airport.

C TIER:

- LGW London Gatwick. I don’t like you for no reason. Like a disappointment, you’re in London but not at Heathrow for some reason.

- PHL Philadelphia. Again, weird aimless dislike. I cannot justify.

- BNA Nashville. Meh. Fine, which may be the worst insult I can lob at an airport.

D TIER:

- LGA New York LaGaurdia. Fuck you and your tiny spirit terminal in the middle of nowhere and your hard to access rental cars and your poor road signage that sent me round and round on the New York interstate in my rented Corolla. The bigger terminals are pretty though, and anyway. New York City!

E TIER:

JAX Jacksonville. Ew.

F TIER:

BOS Boston Logan International Airport. I loathe you. Less busy numerically than ATL and yet somehow even more spread out. Signage is bad. Directions unclear. Nothing makes sense in this alternate reality. Labyrinthine building designed by the god Hades. Never again would be too soon.

UNTIERABLE:

ATL - Hartsfield Jackson Atlanta. The biggest and busiest airport in the world. When you buy a ticket on Delta a box pops up that says “by buying this ticket you agree to see the inside of Hartsfield Jackson Airport.” Not actually a real place, but a floating parallel dimensional space you enter when you walk through the doors. When you get off the Plane Train at terminal D a sign to the left points down a hallway and says “Walk to Terminal E. Time: 45 minutes.” Bigger than many cities and some European principalities. And sometimes you’ll be forced to run clear across it when your gate gets changed. Send every domestic flight that goes near it and many that don’t through it for a completely unnecessary 45 minute layover and sautée until golden brown to birth this unholy god of a space outside all time. They have CPR training machines. They have bathrooms too rarely. They have a whole other airport underneath for international transfers. Don’t die before you see it. Everyone should, at least once. 🎶Welcome Aboard the Plane Train!🎶 next stop: the 4th circle of hell. Walk to purgatory: 45 minutes. Moving sidewalk out of order.

[oldbutnotyetwise]

My Last Happy Birthday To My Dear Elizabeth

     As my ALS marches on stealing more and more from me, the lists of my “Lasts” continues to grow.  In the past few weeks I had my last Christmas and my last New Years.  This week I shared my daughters birthday with her, the last one I will ever share with her.  Next year by the time her birthday rolls around I will be long gone from this earth.

     I enjoy my time with Elizabeth, this year for her birthday Robin and I ordered in food from her chosen restaurant, had desserts from an area bake shop, watched a movie and then played some Mexican Train Dominoes, which is a bit of a family tradition.  It was a quiet but nice afternoon and evening.  As much as I was enjoying this time I will admit that I was struggling a bit, but I managed to hold it together until after Elizabeth had left to go home.  Elizabeth had just gone out the door to go home when the emotional floodgates burst open, the devastation of knowing that I will never again be with her on her birthday sharing the joy of her reaching another age milestone.  No more birthday cards or gifts to buy for her, it’s done, it’s over, she will carry on without me as she should, just as I have after losing my own parents.  I suppose it’s this whole circle of life thing.

     While Elizabeth was here I had joked with her that I was struggling with this whole having a Middle-Aged Child.  Earlier in the day I had shared this lament with my Step-Mother, but I gained little sympathy from her as she pointed out that all of her offspring are well into their senior citizenship.  Intrigued or perhaps depressed at this thought when I shared it with her, Elizabeth pulled out her phone and goggled the average life expectancy of a female in Canada, and learned it is 84.47 years, so having just turned 42, she was indeed “Middle-Aged”.  There is no disputing that she does actually look 10 or 15 years younger than her actual age.

     There was a time Elizabeth and I would plan adventures for her birthdays.  For her twenty-third birthday I flew to New Zealand to spend three and a half weeks touring the south island with her in an old rental car we named Sputter.  On her actual birthday we were backpacking across lush green mountaintops, going from warm sunny weather into an ice storm and back to warm temperatures as we came down out of the mountains.  This was only time I ever had Elizabeth all to myself on her actual birthday, it also lives on as one of my favourite memories.   For her twenty-fifth birthday I picked her up in Ottawa and we drove to Quebec City for a few days, this also coincided with a brutal cold front that was setting record low temperatures for the month of January there.  We booked a walking tour and the poor guide must have thought us crazy, it was only the two of us on the tour, he added a lot of church interiors to the tour just so we all didn’t freeze to death.  When Elizabeth’s twenty-seventh birthday was rolling around she was living in England and we decided to meet in Paris for her birthday adventure.  I met her at the Charles DeGaulle Airport and together we hauled our suitcases onto the subway and found our way to our rented apartment for the week.  Okay if I’m being honest here, Elizabeth found our way to the apartment, I just followed along like the well behaved parent I was.  We walked all over Paris for the entire week, and on Elizabeth’s actual 27th birthday were standing on top of the Eiffel Tower together, another life highlight for me. 

     I would like to introduce you to the amazing woman who has the good fortune, or perhaps misfortune of sharing half my DNA,  Elizabeth Louise entered this world on a cold January day at 3:58 p.m. at the Niagara Falls General Hospital.  She was named after two of her great-grandmothers.  If memory serves me correctly she was 6 pounds 8 ounces and measured 17 inches tall.  I was there when she made her entrance, but in all honesty it’s all a bit of a blur to me now.  

     She grew up being a happy child, an active child and a pretty well behaved child, yes and dare I say it, a very cute child. 

          We moved to a country home where Elizabeth stayed with my wife and I, until she moved to her Mom’s the summer she was fourteen.  Elizabeth and I always got along very well, she was a good helper and like to learn so she and I would be building or fixing things in the workshop, or changing electrical fixtures in the house or working on the truck or tractor.  I was a runner and when I would go for a run Elizabeth would often join me on her bike, carrying my water bottle.  During the run we would have the nicest conversations, away from all other worldly distractions.  It is one of the things I am very grateful for, that Elizabeth and I were always able to talk.

     When she finished the University of Ottawa she went to New Zealand and Australia living in each country for six months.  Later she moved to England and lived in Leeds for a year, using her grandparent’s British Lineage to get her a work Visa.  After returning to Canada she lived in Toronto before meeting a partner who she followed out to Victoria for several years, and then down to Colorado for several more.  

     She has worked for Ikea in four different cities and three different countries.  Then in her thirties she decided to go back to school where she qualified as a welder which is the career she continues to pursue.

     Elizabeth has always been somewhat fitness oriented, maybe she thought it looked like fun all those years earlier when she rode her bike beside me as I ran.  One year she gave me the gift of running with me in a Father’s Day 5K in Ottawa, it was her first race.  It was cold, it was raining and there was a large hill on the course.  We finished that race side by side but she was in tears and physically spent.  I thought that might have been both the start and the end of her running pursuits, but it turned out she was no quitter.  We ran numerous other races together over the years, and in time I no longer had to wait for her, it was her waiting for me.  In time she has beaten just about all my running records, and done several marathons compared to my one.  If that wasn’t enough she then took up Triathlons and eventually completed an Ironman, finishing under her goal of fourteen hours.  Now days she is also competing in fitness competitions through her gym, in her last one she won her age category and was the third female overall.  She was, and continues to be a fitness machine.  

     Now the person behind all these achievements also happens to be one of the nicest, kindest, most thoughtful people you could ever meet.  Yes, you’re right I am very biassed, but I’m also right about this.  She makes me so very proud, she will live on long after I am gone, and where she goes, a part of me will always go with her.  

     Sometimes in life we search far and wide for inspiring people or great stories, but sometimes we should stop and look a little closer to home, because sometimes those around us have stories just as amazing as those we seek out.  Such is the case with Elizabeth, this beautiful, kind, wise, world traveller, adventurer, athlete and all round incredible person.  She also happens to be my daughter, my legacy, and my best contribution to trying to make this world a better place.

[steampunkforever]

The Last Run was an old fashioned film even for its time, a Bogart movie in the era of McQueen. Somehow they managed to shoehorn a gritty French Connection car thriller into a classic Casablanca noir. Or vice versa.

The basis of the plot is pure postwar noir. Prison breaks, double crosses, pan-european travel, and a hit out on Charles DeGaulle. Yet the action and the chases are modern 70s affairs, full of speed and handling enabled by the rapidly advancing craft of automotive cinematography in the period.

Yet the noir protagonist is full Bogart, an old man tired yet somehow a principled deadbeat. By all rights he should be driving a Neue Klasse while outmaneuvering the Jaguars and Fiats that populate this film's Spanish and Portuguese landscapes, but instead we see him in a BMW 503, cutting across the landscape in a cabriolet as old as the films this calls back to.

So often we watch films that do this, calling back to older forms of cinema that modern audiences seem to have forgotten. La La Land, The Expendables, and even the Disney original Teen Beach Movie all serve as love letters to artistic forms no longer en vogue. The Last Run joins them, proving that even twenty years from now when the Superhero genre tribute films start hitting theaters, the one genre that won't retire is that of Nostalgia.

[beesandwasps]

Oh, dear. It looks like people in the UK are starting to assume that Brexit is fully reversible. That’s not going to end well for anybody. A lot of the terms of the UK’s membership in the EU were one-time negotiated terms which the EU isn’t going to accept a second time — especially after they demonstrated that the Europeans (like Charles DeGaulle) who didn’t want to let them in were completely correct in their assessment of how the UK would behave. Those terms aren’t coming back. (For example: if the UK rejoins the EU, they will have to give up the Pound and switch to the Euro.)

But since a lot of Britons seem to expect that a single referendum reversing Brexit would immediately restore the status quo ante, that’s creating yet another set of expectations which can never be fulfilled, just like the Leave campaign did in the first place. Sorry, guys, you blew up a gold mine — you’re never getting it back the way it was before.

[doriangray1789]

SİYASETLE İLGİLİ SÖZLER Siyasetle ilgilenmeyen aydınları bekleyen sonuç, cahiller tarafından yönetilmeye razı olmaktır. Asıl önemli olan ve memleketi temelinden yıkan, halkını esir eden, çerideki cephenin suskunluğudur. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Büyük bir tepeyi aştığında insanın bulacağı şey, daha aşılacak çok tepelerin olduğudur. Siyasetle ahlâkı ayıranlar, ikisinden de bir şey anlamamışlar demektir. John Morley Devrim korkutucudur ama seçim kampanyaları da iğrençtir. Nicolas Gomez Davila Politikada hiçbir şey kazayla olmaz. Olmuşsa, öyle planlanmıştır. Franklin D. Roosevelt Alt sınıflardaki sefalet, üst sınıflardaki insanlıktan çoktur. Victor Hugo Bütün devrimler buharlaşıp gider ve ardında yeni bir bürokrasi balçığı bırakır. Franz Kafka Siyasiyat ile iştigal edenlerin, hissiyat ile alakaları kalmaz. A. Hamid Tarhan Siyaset mahkeme salonlarına girdiği anda, adalet oradan çıkmalıdır. Guizot Bir politikacının amacı sürekli iktidar olmaktır. Bu çaba ona çoğu zaman sorun çözme görevini unutturur. Jean Monnet Bir muhafazakâr, bir şeyin ilk defa yapılmasına karşı olan kişidir. A. Wigger Gerçeği bilip susanlar, gerçeği bilmeyip söyleyenler kadar tehlikelidir. Ne zaman ziyafet çekilse zenginleri çağırırlar. Ne zaman savaş çıksa fakirleri… Eğer düşman sana ödül veriyorsa, sende bir puştluk var demektir. Politika, politikacılara bırakılmayacak kadar ciddi bir meseledir. Charles DeGaulle Sadece bir şey, bir şey olarak kalıyorum, o da palyaço. Bu beni herhangi bir politikacıdan daha yüksek bir düzleme yerleştirir. Charlie Chaplin Liberal, güce tapan bir güçsüzdür. George Orwell Politika, endüstrinin eğlence şubesidir. Frank Zappa Delilik, kişide seyrek görülen bir nesnedir: Gruplar, partiler, uluslar, çağlar için ise bir kural hâlindedir. Friedrich Nierzsche Tehlike, belli bir sınıfın yönetmeye uygunsuzluğu değildir. Tüm sınıflar yönetmekten acizdir. Lord Acton Rüşvetçi, politikacıları, düzenbazları, hırsızları ve hainleri seçen halk, kurban değil suç ortağıdır. Güç insanı yoldan çıkartır. Mutlak güç ise insanın tamamen saptırır. Sorumluluk duygusunun ortadan kalkması, otoriteye boyun eğmenin en önemli sonucudur. Stanley Milgram Politikacıların %90’ı kalan %10’a kötü şöhret veriyor. Henry A. Kissinger Ülkeye sadakat, her zaman; hükümete sadakat, hak ettiği zaman. Mark Twain Her ülke layık olduğu hükümeti alır. Aristoteles Bir adamın ölçütü, güçle ne yaptığıdır. Platon Hükümetin sonu toplumun mutluluğudur. John Adams Tarih, üzerinde uzlaşılan yalanlar kümesidir. Napoleon Bonaparte Halk, hükümetinden korktuğu zaman tiranlık; hükümet, halkından korktuğu zaman özgürlük vardır. Thomas Jefferson İnsanları kandırmak, kandırıldığına inandırmaktan daha kolaydır.  Oscar Wilde Demokraside oyunuz sayılır, feodalizmde sayınız oydur. Mogens Jallberg Politikacılar bebek bezine benzer, değiştirilmezse kokmaya başlar.   Atakan Korkmaz Bazı insanlar prensipleri için partilerini değiştirir, bazıları partileri için prensiplerini değiştirir.  Winston Churchill

[dekaydk]

Heathrow and Charles DeGaulle ought to be on this list too. With the exception of LHR Terminal 5, they're both ugly, confusing, crowded, have abysmal signage seemingly designed to get you lost, and with a lot of very, very indifferent staff who will be delighted to grumble at you for not understanding their obscure procedures.

Airports are a man made hell designed to cause pain and fuck up your sleep schedule? Which of these infernal nightmares is the worst though

[hillmon]

do feel the need to reclarify i had a layover in charles degaulle i didnt. attend the olympics at all. i got a scholarship to study abroad in türkiye and they sent us home thru charles degaulle

[inoppositionflorien]

I think a thing people often fail to recognize when they dislike a political candidate is that the "generic <party> member" who always seems to outperform the current candidate doesn't exist in real life, any candidate will necessarily have baggage, and even if they're broadly unpopular, it's often the case that any given replacement would be even more unpopular, because no one actually is the "generic" option. So if they've got a good relationship with their party, they tend to stick around.

About the closest things we've seen to the "generic <party> member" in the real world have both been in the UK, with John Major in the 90s and Kier Starmer literally right now. It's no coincidence that the UK (and parliamentary democracies in general) tend to see a lot more of the "generic <party> member" (though even then rarely.) This is because their elections, unlike current US elections, don't have a primary phase where the party voters actually learn about the candidates and end up having to learn about potential baggage. Instead, party members are elevated to leadership internally. This does allow the party to better maintain their positions and tends to significantly moderate their positions (to a limited extent of course), though it makes them somewhat less responsive to voters.

It's also the case that it's something more related to the structure of parliamentary democracies that allows them to change candidates on a whim and get away with it that you don't (and possibly can't!) see in presidential democracies. Voters vote for parties, not for the candidates. Your vote in a parliamentary democracy doesn't go to the party leader, it goes to your local seat (or the local seat and then in addition you also vote for a party in some hybrid systems, like germany.)

This means that party leaders tend to have a lot more power (if they've got the prime ministership, they'll nearly always have the followers to pass whatever they want because the prime minister is elevated by the representatives) but also means that party leaders are a lot less immediately visible and relevant to voters. However, in Presidential republics, the legislature is separate from the executive, which means the President is not the leader of the party and has a lot less power (in the US. In other places, such as in Russia and Mexico (and a couple US states with their governors, particularly southern ones), their modern presidents emerged out of semi-dictatorial offices with essentially guaranteed reelection (or weren't elected positions at all), or like in France were created specifically to be able to arbitrarily override the legislature because Charles DeGaulle wanted to be a dictator sometimes, the executive has a lot of power. The US has a very weak executive as those go.) Since the President is voted on separately of course, this means that the President is the face of a party they do not meaningfully lead, often despite insistence that they do lead the party. This leads to a kind of awkward situation where Parliamentary Democracies regularly switch out their leaders due to internal party disputes and it's generally understood to be part of the game, but the US specifically cannot actually do this, and people in the US (and in other countries) look at the US and say "but it's easy in other places, why isn't it happening, I don't like my options."

This is because the US system is very very weird relative to every other democracy because the guys who wrote the constitution were a combination of extremely skeptical of centralized power and painfully naive about how politics works, but because it's one of the oldest continuously extant republics in the world, nearly every other system is described with the same language despite working differently (and occasionally better. I wouldn't say always better, the UK for instance has a mostly unelected chamber dominated by the aristocracy with reserved seats for priests, and has had 14 years of uninterrupted conservative government because the governing party de facto has the power to control the BBC, and Australia's a mess in a different way, so I don't think parliamentary democracy is the answer, but I will say that the US's system could definitely work better. The electoral college should probably go and I have a few other structural changes I'd make.)

[gonzalo-obes]

IMAGENES Y DATOS INTERESANTES DEL DIA 18 DE JUNIO DE 2024

Día de la Gastronomía Sostenible, Día Internacional para Contrarrestar el Discurso de Odio, Día Internacional del Sushi, Día Mundial contra la Incineración, Día Internacional del Falafel, Día Internacional del Picnic, Día Mundial del Orgullo Autista, Año Internacional de los Camélidos.

Santa Audrey / Eteldreda, Santa Hosanna, Santa Isabel de Shönau, San Ciriaco y Santa Ediltrudis.

Tal día como hoy en el año 2015

En el aula nueva del Sínodo de la Ciudad del Vaticano, se presenta la segunda encíclica del Papa Francisco, "Laudato si" (Alabado seas), en la que el Papa reflexiona de la deuda ecológica contraída con nuestro planeta. En ella denuncia la responsabilidad humana en el cambio climático, acusa a empresas y Gobiernos de buscar el interés económico por encima del bien común y urge a desarrollar estrategias contra el cambio climático buscando alternativas en las energías renovables. (Hace 9 años)

1983

La astronauta Sally Ride se convierte en la primera mujer americana en viajar al espacio, como especialista de la misión STS-7 en el trasbordador espacial "Challenger" lanzado hoy, 20 años después de haberlo hecho la soviética Valentina Tereshkova. (Hace 41 años)

1940

En un mensaje emitido desde su exilio en Londres, Reino Unido, después de la caída de Francia bajo el yugo nazi, el general francés Charles Degaulle hace un llamamiento a sus compatriotas para seguir luchando en la Segunda Guerra Mundial bajo su liderazgo. (Hace 84 años)

1815

En la batalla de Waterloo (Bélgica), Napoleón Bonaparte sufre su mayor derrota ante el Duque de Wellington, concluyendo así la era napoleónica en Europa. Napoleón, que fue obligado a abdicar como emperador de Francia en 1814 y enviado al exilio de la isla de Elba, desde donde escapó a finales de febrero de este año, volvió a Francia, hizo abdicar a Luis XVIII y reunió un nuevo Gran Ejército. Durante 100 días, Napoleón y su nuevo imperio, cuya fama de comandante invencible le precede, pudo lograr varios éxitos en batallas por los campos de Europa. Poco después de su derrota en Waterloo, será arrestado y enviado al exilio a la isla de Santa Helena, donde morirá de cáncer seis años más tarde. (Hace 209 años)

1812

El Presidente de los Estados Unidos James Madison, presionado por grupos expansionistas y aprovechando la difícil situación bélica que atraviesa el Reino Unido, metido de lleno en la Guerra de la Independencia Española (1808-1814), declara la Segunda Guerra de Independencia al Reino Unido, como consecuencia de una serie de provocaciones marítimas y comerciales además del apoyo que brindan los británicos a los pueblos indígenas de Norteamérica que se oponen a la expansión estadounidense. Esta guerra durará casi 3 años y forjará la personalidad política de unidad nacional de la joven nación de los Estados Unidos. (Hace 212 años)

1767

El inglés Samuel Wallis, al mando de la segunda expedición de su país para circunnavegar el planeta, tras la de George Anson, desembarca en la isla de Tahití, en el Pacífico, a la que llama King George the Third Island. La isla ya había sido descubierta en 1606 por el español Pedro Fernández de Quirós. (Hace 257 años)

1429

Juana de Arco lidera al ejército francés contra los ingleses en Patay, Francia, derrotándolos y expulsándolos hacia el norte desprovistos de sus dos puntos más fuertes y decisivos: sus comandantes y sus arqueros. Esta derrota inglesa marcará el punto de inflexión de la guerra de los Cien Años y logrará que los franceses marchen al norte, hacia Reims, para apoyar la coronación de Carlos VII de Francia, lo que terminará con la disputa por la sucesión del trono francés el 17 de julio de este año. (Hace 595 años)

1155

En Roma, el Papa Adriano IV corona Emperador de Alemania a Federico I Barbarroja. Al poco tiempo Federico I estará guerreando contra Adriano por el apoyo que éste otorga al rey de Sicilia, Guillermo. (Hace 869 años)

[gerywhite]

Egyértelműen a security. Hogy le kell venni a faszom övet a nadrágról, és miközben azon küzdök félig terpeszben, hogy ne csússzon le a nadrágom, átérek, és ki kell pakolni a kosárból úgy, hogy jönnek mögöttem, és nincs egy kibaszott asztal sem, ahova legalább átrámolhatok, hogy ne legyek útban.

A Charles DeGaulle Párizs extrán bűnös az ügyben, szerintem ott direkt még rá is játszanak a szívatásra. Ott mindig a földön pakolok vissza a zsebeimbe.

[lepoudreux]

Le porte avions Charles de Gaulle en entrainement de Guerre #military #survival#degaulle http://dlvr.it/T6q0W6

[that-bitch-abbi-lynne]

Charles DeGaulle was the last French President to have facial hair, that is a fucking shame