#centerline extraction
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historysurvivalguide · 2 years ago
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v1.0.0 release of centerline-width is out!
A Python tool to find the centerline and width of rivers based on the latitude and longitude of the right and left banks
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pip install centerline-width
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alex99achapterthree · 2 years ago
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A-10 Warthog pilot mounts his Hog for a mission.
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Some interesting details about the Hog I want to talk about.
Notice the nose gear offset to the side... that's to make space in the nose for the GAU-8 AVENGER cannon that (with the ammo drum) is the size of a Volkswagen Beetle.
Next, note that the rotating barrel assembly is also off to the side a bit. This is because of exactly how the Avenger cannon fires. All 7 barrels do NOT fire at once, despite the artwork you may have seen. Only one barrel at a time. As the barrel assembly rotates, the other barrels are busy doing other things... unlocking the breech, extracting the spent shell casing, loading a fresh round, closing the breech. The firing barrel is the one that is exactly on the aircraft centerline...
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... and BANG!!! A round is on the way, soon to be followed by many others in rapid succession.
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lalsingh228-blog · 1 year ago
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Airfield Lighting Solutions Market Set For More Growth
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Global Airfield Lighting Solutions Market Report from AMA Research highlights deep analysis on market characteristics, sizing, estimates and growth by segmentation, regional breakdowns & country along with competitive landscape, player’s market shares, and strategies that are key in the market. The exploration provides a 360° view and insights, highlighting major outcomes of the industry. These insights help the business decision-makers to formulate better business plans and make informed decisions to improved profitability. In addition, the study helps venture or private players in understanding the companies in more detail to make better informed decisions. Major Players in This Report Include, ADB Airfield Solutions (United States), Honeywell International, Inc. (United States), ABB (Switzerland), Hella KGaA Hueck & Co. (Germany), RNC Avionics Ltd. (United Kingdom), Carmanah Technologies Corp. (Canada), Avlite Systems (Australia), Eaton Corporation Inc. (Ireland), Vosla GmbH (Germany), atg airports limited (United Kingdom). Free Sample Report + All Related Graphs & Charts @: https://www.advancemarketanalytics.com/sample-report/52492-global-airfield-lighting-solutions-market Airfield lighting provides the aircraft with various visual information along with precision approach lighting system and precision path indicator as well as radio guidance system so that the aircraft can precisely touch down to the runway with safe by the guidance. All runways licensed for night use must have lighting which at least defines the extent of the runway. The description of the runway lighting system at each licensed airport must be provided in the state AIPs. Market Drivers
Advancements in the Airfield Lighting Solutions
Expansions of the Airport Infrastructure
Increasing Demand for Solar Powered Lighting System
Market Trend
High Demand for LED Airfield Lighting
Opportunities
Growing Aircraft Industry Worldwide
Increasing Number of Passengers Traveling Through Aircrafts
 
Challenges
Compatibility Related Issues with LEDs
Enquire for customization in Report @: https://www.advancemarketanalytics.com/enquiry-before-buy/52492-global-airfield-lighting-solutions-market In this research study, the prime factors that are impelling the growth of the Global Airfield Lighting Solutions market report have been studied thoroughly in a bid to estimate the overall value and the size of this market by the end of the forecast period. The impact of the driving forces, limitations, challenges, and opportunities has been examined extensively. The key trends that manage the interest of the customers have also been interpreted accurately for the benefit of the readers. The Airfield Lighting Solutions market study is being classified by Type (Airport Beacon, Obstruction Lights, Approach Indicator Lights, Runway Centerline Lights, Taxiway Lights, Others), Application (Civil Airports, Military Airports), Technology (LED Lights, Non-LED Lights), Intensity (Low Intensity, Medium Intensity, High Intensity) The report concludes with in-depth details on the business operations and financial structure of leading vendors in the Global Airfield Lighting Solutions market report, Overview of Key trends in the past and present are in reports that are reported to be beneficial for companies looking for venture businesses in this market. Information about the various marketing channels and well-known distributors in this market was also provided here. This study serves as a rich guide for established players and new players in this market. Get Reasonable Discount on This Premium Report @ https://www.advancemarketanalytics.com/request-discount/52492-global-airfield-lighting-solutions-market Extracts from Table of Contents Airfield Lighting Solutions Market Research Report Chapter 1 Airfield Lighting Solutions Market Overview Chapter 2 Global Economic Impact on Industry Chapter 3 Global Market Competition by Manufacturers Chapter 4 Global Revenue (Value, Volume*) by Region Chapter 5 Global Supplies (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Regions Chapter 6 Global Revenue (Value, Volume*), Price* Trend by Type Chapter 7 Global Market Analysis by Application ………………….continued This report also analyzes the regulatory framework of the Global Markets Airfield Lighting Solutions Market Report to inform stakeholders about the various norms, regulations, this can have an impact. It also collects in-depth information from the detailed primary and secondary research techniques analyzed using the most efficient analysis tools. Based on the statistics gained from this systematic study, market research provides estimates for market participants and readers. Contact US : Craig Francis (PR & Marketing Manager) AMA Research & Media LLP Unit No. 429, Parsonage Road Edison, NJ New Jersey USA – 08837 Phone: +1 201 565 3262, +44 161 818 8166 [email protected]
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heydenblog · 2 years ago
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Requirements for arrangement of centrifugal submersible pumps!
Centrifugal submersible pump is a type of submersible pump. With the development of the water pump industry and continuous technological innovation, centrifugal pumps are favored by many customers due to their high efficiency and safety advantages. However, there are still many customers who are limited by their professional knowledge and do not have a good understanding of it, resulting in various problems during the operation and even layout of centrifugal pumps. 1. The pump group should be arranged neatly, and the editor suggests aligning it with the outlet centerline of the water pump. 2. The electrical and process disciplines should be coordinated in a timely manner. When possible, the motor part of the water pump should be as far away from the explosion-proof zone as possible to save investment. 3. The water pump should be as close as possible to the liquid supply equipment to prevent small NPSHa. 4. The power side and pump side of the steam reciprocating pump should have positions for extracting pistons and pull rods. 5. When a vertical pump is not located below the pipe gallery or frame, space should be left above it for installation and maintenance of the pump body.
High Vacuum Coating Equipment Environmental Requirements
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stlouisbusinessgroup · 2 years ago
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Top Three Spas In St. Louis, MO
St. Louis, Missouri, is a city that's full of exciting activities and attractions for both visitors and residents. Whether you're a local or a tourist, one way to unwind and recharge your batteries is by visiting a spa. St. Louis has many spas, but three stand out as the top ones that offer exceptional experiences.
Four Seasons Spa
The Four Seasons Spa is an oasis of tranquility located in the heart of downtown St. Louis. This spa offers a wide range of treatments, including massages, facials, body treatments, and nail services. The spa's signature massage is the "Gateway to Renewal," which uses a combination of hot and cold stones, aromatherapy, and Swedish massage techniques to help guests achieve a deep state of relaxation. The Four Seasons Spa also offers a full-service hair salon and a fitness center, making it a one-stop destination for all your wellness needs.
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Spa at the Chase
The Spa at the Chase is another top spa in St. Louis that offers luxurious treatments in a tranquil setting. This spa is located in the Chase Park Plaza hotel and offers a range of treatments, including massages, facials, body wraps, and salon services. The Spa at the Chase also has a steam room, sauna, and whirlpool, as well as a relaxation lounge where guests can unwind before and after their treatments. One of the signature treatments at this spa is the "Caviar Facial," which uses a unique blend of caviar extract, marine collagen, and peptides to revitalize and hydrate the skin.
Ritz-Carlton Spa
The Ritz-Carlton Spa is located in Clayton, a suburb of St. Louis, and is another top spa in the area. This spa offers a range of treatments, including massages, facials, body treatments, and nail services, as well as a full-service hair salon. The Ritz-Carlton Spa also has a steam room, sauna, and indoor pool, as well as a fitness center. One of the signature treatments at this spa is the "St. Louis Symphony Massage," which incorporates live classical music into the massage experience to create a soothing and relaxing environment.
The St. Louis Business Group in St. Louis, MO, USA is an association of flooring contractors aimed at satisfying residents of the city with the best floor coverings. Champion Floor Company - Flooring St. Louis which is ranked as the best st louis flooring service in the city is a member of this group. They offer unique flooring services, and decorative patterns with unlimited design options to give your floors the aesthetic appeal you desire.
Contact us
Champion Floor Company - Flooring St. Louis
2312 Centerline Industrial Dr, St. Louis, MO 63146
Phone: +1 314-739-2555
Map Driving Directions
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Several Times Scully Got Locked Out Of Her Motel Room In Her Scanties (First Time Smut Ensues) Chapter Three
Chapter One here.
Chapter Two here.
Teso Dos Bichos (Season Three)
Scully had been awake for more than forty hours. 
It hadn’t been a good forty hours either. The last two days had careened from bad (partial rat body parts littering the car engine of a suspected murder victim) to worse (bloodied entrails dripping from bare tree branches onto Mulder’s oblivious face) to so appalling they competed with only a few choice cases for worst X-File ever (getting mauled in the face by a domestic short hair while negotiating the labyrinthine tunnels beneath the Boston Museum of Natural History). 
By the time she and Dr. Winters had finished the autopsies on Doctors Horning, Bilac and Lewton, as well as Mona Wustner (conclusion: animal attacks), she’d lost all track of time, and certainly all count of the number of coffees she’d consumed in an attempt to keep her wits about her after an entire night with no sleep. 
Killer cats? Sure, fine, whatever. She was too exhausted - and too not Mulder - to even attempt to raise his amaru curse theory with the coroner. She downed one last cupful of caffeine for the drive back to the motel then lifted her weary limbs out of her aquamarine scrubs and back into her trusty gray short-sleeved ribbed sweater and by now slightly limp black suit, draping her purple overcoat over her forearm instead of donning it. It would be better to be a little cold; it would keep her more alert for the journey. She cracked the window and cranked the heating down to the lowest setting she could tolerate on this late-winter north-eastern evening. 
Pulling out of the morgue’s underground parking structure, she called Mulder to give him the rundown of their postmortem findings, and to make sure she remained awake. She probably should have called a cab; her brother had cautioned her more than once that her pride would get her killed one day. What a waste to fight tooth and nail for truth and justice, to return from the brink of death after her mysterious disappearance, to achieve the Pyrrhic victory of avoiding the assassin’s bullet meant for her brain, only to flip over into a ditch through plain old fatigue. 
She rolled her shoulders and bounced her left knee, turning the heat down another notch. She guided the car steadfastly to the right of the centerline, closed one eye then the other for momentary reprieve, sighed with relief as she pulled into the motel parking lot and shut off the engine, wishing Mulder goodnight and hanging up with a satisfying beep.
She stumbled into the room with her eyes half closed already, leaning down to loosen the laces on her utility boots before toeing them off as she walked, making a beeline for the bed. She flopped backwards onto the comforter, intending to rest for a moment, but her eyes flickered shut and she drifted off unawares. 
Dank, dark, echo-filled. Flashlight beams zigzagging off metal walls, the hemoglobin tang of which she can taste in her mouth. A snarling tangle of tabbies and tortoiseshells pursuing the two of them along corridors, dropping down through open vents and scratching viscously at the feeble barrier of an ancient wooden door. Dr. Bilac’s body blocking the only route of escape. Stuck. Turning to face the meowing horde as it descends on her and Mulder, miniature canines sinking into their flesh like a thousand shamanic cuts. 
She stands to run and finds herself alone in an abandoned hospital corridor, her reflection staring back at her from the polished, squeaking floors. She inches forward with growing trepidation, readjusting the Kevlar pinching at her waist, too-swiftly reaching the entrance to room 128. The room she has been entering over and over for weeks on end. 
The unwitting unconscious participant in the scene lies in a bed to the right, Mulder and Modell sit at the table to the left, enacting the tableau she’s feared since her ever-reckless partner donned the ‘Eyes and Ears’ kit in the mobile surveillance unit outside.
‘It’s designed for bomb disposal work to keep only one officer at risk.’
She’d felt nauseated. Didn’t everyone know that only one of them dying was actually the worst case scenario? She wished neither of them ever had to risk their necks, but if this particular one of them had to, she’d always rather be right alongside him. 
Modell talks Mulder into pointing the gun across the table and pulling the trigger. She balks. But nothing happens. No flesh is punctured, no spark ignites the pure oxygen in the canisters by the bed: no bullet in that chamber. She watches in horror as Mulder lifts the barrel to his temple without hesitation. His finger squeezes, and the world goes into slow motion as the bullet sails out of the pistol and through his skull, exiting above his left eye, leaving a volcanic crater that erupts blood and bone and gray matter onto the ceiling, walls, and floor. Onto the underside of her uplifted arms as she shields her face and roars her pain, falling, screaming, to the ground.
Scully jerked awake, her heartbeat pounding in her alternately flushed and arctic chest. She sat up on the edge of the bed and collected herself, rubbing at her sweat-moistened face. She checked her watch: one seventeen a.m. She patted her torso. Still dressed. Her mouth tasted atrocious. She must have passed out before getting ready for bed. 
Her bladder was full to bursting; the inevitable after-effect of her overzealous caffeination. She fumbled with buttons and zippers and stepped out of her pants on her way to the bathroom, flinging her suit jacket onto a nearby table, littering the room with rumpled attire. She almost tripped on what might have been one of her boots as she struggled to pull the sweater over her head, finally managing to extract her elbow and shake the top to the ground behind her as she grabbed for the bathroom door handle and yanked it open. God, it’s cold in here, she thought, as the door clunked shut behind her. She tucked her fingers into the waistband of her underwear and opened her eyes to locate the toilet.
Oh, shit. No, no, no, no, no. 
She whirled around and hammered at what she now realised was the front door to her motel room. The outside of the front door. Firmly locked shut. 
She clawed at the handle in desperation, twisting it uselessly as she clenched her Kegels and cast her gaze about her, checking for any witnesses. No one was about, thank god. She now sported only her underwear, her investigate-the-missing-archaeologist-underwear; not even a matching set, she thought, laughably, as though being trapped outside her motel room in her bra and panties would be somehow more acceptable in coordinated undergarments. 
She remembered she’d left her overcoat in the car, and was briefly and euphorically buoyed by the idea of grabbing it to preserve her modesty, before recalling that she didn’t have any keys on her; if she did, she wouldn’t be in this predicament. She had two options here: wake up the proprietor in her underwear or wake up Mulder in her underwear. She was caught between a rock and a hard place. Dashing herself against either lithic precipice did not appeal, but needs must. 
She did the best impression of herself she could muster in her current state of undress, and mulled it over rationally. One of these options had already seen her half naked. He’d handled it like a gentleman then; she knew she could trust him to do it again now. Also, he was currently in possession of a bathroom, and she was about to make a puddle on the floor if she didn’t get access to one. 
She padded swiftly along the bare cement to Mulder’s door.
* * *
Scully runs a feline gauntlet towards him, advancing along the seemingly endless corridor foot by interminable foot. Every few steps, she is thrown off balance by a squalling creature flying at her face from a novel direction. He watches helplessly while she wrenches each furry attacker from her tattered skin, hurling them behind her as she approaches the barrel of his raised pistol. 
Sweat beads on his forehead and cheeks, pooling at the small of his back beneath his white undershirt. 
Scully looks at him with wounded disbelief as his forefinger teases the trigger. She is still approaching him, the cats now vanished, her ivory visage inexplicably pristine. “Mulder,” she whispers, “you don’t have to do this.” Tears form on her lower lids, and she stops, finally halting her feet and simply looking at him. 
“Scully, run!” he warns her, as Modell grins at him, thumping the tabletop and urging him on. But she just stands there, staring, tears starting to spill down her cheeks.
“Mulder,” she pleads again, and he fires. 
The bullet pierces the base of her neck just above her vest; a pointless piece of armour, he despairs, if it leaves the cranium and jugular so exposed. The boom of the gunshot ricochets off the walls and pounds at his eardrums several times. Her eyes go wide and she grabs at her throat in horror, never breaking eye contact as she collapses, gurgling, to her knees. Crimson lifeforce pulses through her dainty fingers as he hears another bullet leave the chamber, and she opens her mouth to speak once again. The word leaves her lips at a strangely loud volume for a death rattle.
“MULDERRR!!!” 
Further shots stutter out in the distance.
He looks into Scully’s unrelenting gaze as she finally drops to the linoleum. 
Mulder gasped himself awake, perspiring like he was still back at Fairfax Mercy. He pinched his brows laterally with one hand, reaching over to the nightstand for his glass of water, and heard a pounding at his door.
“Mulder!” Scully’s inimitable hiss came from the other side of the wall. She knocked again, sounding frantic. “Mulder, wake up and let me in! Please!”
He turned on the bedside lamp as he launched himself out of bed, throwing back the covers and leaping across the threadbare carpet in his underwear, heading in the direction of her voice and continued hammering, and pulled open the door.
He was met with the sight of Scully on the concrete walkway. Rather a lot of Scully. Scully in white briefs and a light pink, underwired bra, plain but for a satin ribbon rosebud nestled deep in her cleavage. Her considerable cleavage, as shaped by this heroic garment, he thought. He barely had time to register this surprising turn of events before she flew past him, her thighs pressed oddly together as she walked, heading directly for the bathroom. 
“Don’t look at me, Mulder!” she chastised, hurtling across the room. 
“Scully, what-” he began to query, but she interrupted him before disappearing through the open doorway.
“Grab me a shirt!” she growled, “I need to use the bathroom.” The door slammed shut behind her.
Mulder played with his lower lip, twirling it between thumb and forefinger, and startled. He’d remembered the copy of Hanky Panky he’d left sitting atop the tank. Well, how was he to know he’d have company tonight?
He heard the toilet seat clatter down and, after an interval, a flush, followed by the faucet running. He rooted around in his duffel bag, seeking a spare, clean T-shirt as per Scully’s instructions, and stood awkwardly by the side of the bed in his boxer briefs as he awaited her return.
She soon opened the door with a sigh, drying her palms on a fresh hand towel. She raised an eyebrow at him. “Reading girlie magazines on the can? Nice, Mulder.” 
He held onto the shirt. 
She finished with the towel and remained in the doorway, holding the terry cotton rectangle to her stomach. She looked up at the ceiling, shaking her head, and he took the brief opportunity to appraise her figure. He knew he shouldn’t, but she was standing right in front of him with more skin than clothing on display, and her curves and bones undulated and jutted so appealingly he couldn’t tear his eyes from her gently leaning form, propped as it was so improbably on his motel bathroom door jamb at one thirty in the morning. 
She huffed out a breath, her chin pushed to the side, her eyes locked on the stipple. “I keep having this dream, Mulder,” she announced, apparently not about to address her noisy and insistent arrival, apropos of nothing, at his door in her underwear in the small hours. “Since Modell.”
“Uh huh?” he answered, vaguely, roaming his gaze over the delicate skin and rolling muscles of her upper thighs before snapping his eyeline up to meet hers as she tilted her chin down from the ceiling. 
“You aim the gun at your temple and pull the trigger, just like you did, only the gun goes off... and you die.” Her voice jumped an octave on the last three words, a piccolo flute floating on a whisper.
Next, she looked at the floor, her head tilting towards the door frame.
He didn’t tell her about his recurring nightmare of shooting her. Instead, he mumbled at her while taking in the dip and swell of her waist as it dropped down to her left hip, pushed out to one side. She rested one bare foot atop the other, absentmindedly rubbing one arch against the knuckles of her opposite toes. There was something so unguarded about her posture, something he would have found endearing and appealing even if she were wearing a hazmat suit. As it was, with her gracing his sleeping quarters in an as yet unexplained state of semi-nudity in the middle of the night, his body had started to respond in an inappropriate, if predictable manner.
“I thought you didn’t want to let him take up another minute of our time, Scully?” he said, shifting the so far unproffered T-shirt in front of his groin.
She looked up at him then, her doe eyes watery and wide, and folded her arms across her middle, squeezing her breasts together as she gripped opposing elbows for comfort. “It was a one in five chance, Mulder, after you aimed at Modell. You could easily have killed yourself. Without a moment’s hesitation.”
He hung his head in shame, for the ease with which Modell had subdued his free will over his own mortality, and for the growing problem in his underwear that Scully’s little self-hug had exacerbated.
“I couldn’t resist him, Scully. I tried, but I wasn’t strong enough.”
“You didn’t shoot me,” she countered, her voice pure susurration now.
He nodded, holding her gaze. Her dainty face was so open, almost entirely make-up free, with the exception of a few smears of eyeliner around one eye, and the remnants of two-day-old mascara clinging to a few lashes.
“It was easier,” he murmured, “to fight harder. For you.”
She scoffed, lifting her hands to her hips, the towel hanging over one thigh, the new stance offering him an unobstructed view of her taut stomach, the intimate sight of her belly-button punctuating her torso, and his erection twitched beneath its makeshift shield.
“Why?” she pressed, with some disdain. “Because I’m a woman?!”
“No!” he insisted. “Not at all.”
She looked down at herself and seemed to only now recall her sartorial condition. Or lack thereof. She tutted and reached out, gesturing for him to toss the shirt.
He stalled for time, frowning at her as though he didn’t understand; as if they didn’t have four years of honing their unspoken communication under their belts.   
“Mulder,” she said, irked by his apparent obtuseness. “Give me the shirt.” She looked at him like he was crazy. Like she wasn’t the one who had burst in here half naked, demanding items of clothing and access to the facilities.
“What happened to you?” he asked, reluctantly throwing the bundle of distressed white cotton in her direction and turning to perch on the end of the bed in an attempt to hide his own indiscretion. With great relief, he surmised from her complete lack of reaction that she hadn’t seen it. He averted his gaze as she turned away from him to tug the T-shirt over her head. Too little, too late, Fox, he thought, ruefully.
“I locked myself out,” she stated, matter of factly.
“In the middle of the night? In your underwear?”
She rolled her eyes, although whether at him or herself, he couldn’t tell. 
“I was half asleep, I got disoriented and opened the wrong door. And I drank so much coffee yesterday; I woke up having to pee so bad, and ended up outside. It would have been a complete disaster if you hadn’t woken up, finally.” She placed great emphasis on the last word and eyed him with playful annoyance.
“You surprise me, Scully. Your sleepwear choices are usually a little more formal,” he grinned, risking a look back at her now that she was safely ensconced in his borrowed shirt. It fell just beyond the tops of her thighs, resting on her right leg just where her smooth muscles gave way to soft, rounded flesh.
Her lips tightened into an almost smile. “Yes, well, I didn’t quite make it that far. I pretty much passed out as soon as I got back. I haven’t brushed my teeth or washed my face or anything.”
“Oh, try the top drawer,” he said, indicating behind her into the bathroom with a nod. “I think I saw some complimentary travel toothbrushes in there next to the soaps and shampoos.” 
She disappeared into the tiled anteroom for a moment and he heard the sound of little-used wheels rolling along rusted runners.
“Mulder, my hero,” she called out, and he heard a warmth in her voice that didn’t do much to alleviate the situation in his shorts. Listening to the sounds of her nightly ritual, he tried to think of something that would make it go away, but was always terrified to venture into any surefire turn-off territory lest he found himself in the horrific scenario of picturing his mother while sporting a raging hard on. He settled on mentally listing the groceries he’d try to remember to pick up when he arrived home in Alexandria. It worked, thankfully, and he could safely shift to the top of the bed and lie back against the pillows by the time she returned, her smeared eyeliner now completely wiped away.
“So,” he ventured, his fingers interlaced over his bare stomach, one thumb playing with a swirl of hair just above his waistband, “Do you want me to throw something on and run over to reception to find the owner? Get someone to let you back into your room?”
She sighed. “You could, I guess. It’s just so late. I’d hate to bother anyone. And I’m still not really presentable.” She looked down at herself, four fifths of her bare legs still on display.
“I can lend you some pants,” he offered. “You’ll look like Charlie Chaplin. Very fetching.”
She smiled properly now, laughing lazily through her nose. “I’m so tired, Mulder,” she whined goodnaturedly. “Can I just crash here? You already saw me in my underwear; it can’t get any worse.”
Mulder silently questioned her word choice. He was no writer, but he was pretty sure the term he would have used was ‘better’. 
“Sure,” he agreed, lifting the covers back and patting the side of the bed he wasn’t occupying. He fluffed the pillow for her and curled over onto his side to face her as she clambered in, demurely keeping her knees pressed together as she slid them beneath the comforter. She turned to face him too, tucking one hand beneath her cheek and using the other to encircle her wrist. She blinked across at him. He took in the claw marks on her face, including a couple of particularly bad ones that had been disinfected and covered with band-aids by a paramedic, despite Scully’s insulted protestations. She’d removed the bandages now, and he could see the cuts were beginning to heal over nicely.
“So why was it easier?” she murmured, her feet rubbing together absently beneath the sheets.
“Hmm?” He’d forgotten what they were talking about.
“With Modell. You said it was easier to resist shooting me.” The particular blue of her eyes always reminded him of his childhood marble collection at this close range: the elegant swoops inside delicate and beautiful, untouchable.
He swallowed, nodding, biding his time. “Well,” he said softly. “It wasn’t because you’re a woman.”
She made a subtle shrugging motion, mostly with her lips; a halfhearted defense of her earlier assertion.
His toes reached out across the cool expanse of linen that separated their feet, and he touched them to her nearest sole, stopping her fidgeting. “It was because it was you.”
She moved her other foot so that she had his toes trapped between her own, and they gripped one another like jungle primates. She held his gaze for a moment then curled her toes even tighter around his as she closed her eyes and whispered, “I could have lost you, Mulder; so easily. Too easily.”
He covered her hand with his own, his fingers easily encompassing her fist as well as the wrist they were wrapped around. 
“But you didn’t,” he stated, and rubbed her knuckles with one thumb.
Her only answer was a chaste kiss on his little finger, the closest one to her mouth. She pressed her lips to a phalanx or two and held them there, her eyes clamped shut.
“I know you probably think I shouldn’t have gone into the hospital at all,” he continued, and she opened her eyes and lessened the pressure of her affection, but her lips remained a hair’s breadth from his finger, the warm air from her nostrils tickling and warming his skin. “But I can’t sit back and let others take the risk if I’m the guy who could make all the difference. Someone like Modell, most people just won’t listen to him. I really thought I could talk him down. I’m sorry.”
A subtle darkness clouded her expression, and he wondered if she, like him, was thinking of Duane Barry. “No, Mulder,” she said, disentangling her thumb from his grip and braiding it over his own. She held his eyeline without blinking, her voice hushed. “It’s okay, I understand. I know that’s just who you are. Your stubbornness; it’s why I-” she stopped herself there, her eyes flitting over his face. “I really admire that about you.”
He went to pull his foot back to his own side of the bed, but she tightened the grip of her toes and held him in place. He darted her a look of surprise, but acquiesced, relaxing his heel back into position. Scully continued to stare at him, and he was waiting for her to say something else when he felt her begin to move her feet once more. Only instead of rubbing her own arches together, she was now very deliberately gliding the sole of one foot over his ankle and down to his toes, and back up again. Repeatedly. Without breaking eye contact.
She held his gaze and brushed another peck against his pinky, and that little problem he’d managed to take care of earlier began to reassert itself.
He cleared his throat, growing nervous. “And anyway, you came right into that hospital after me, knowing Modell was armed.”
She nodded, her breathing deep and calm, her expression unreadable. Her eyes slid from his irises down to his lips, as he’d noticed they often did. When they flitted back up, her face had changed, certain muscles contracting and others relaxing, so that he felt eerily like a solitary marsh deer grazing in the brush, head uptilted at the crack of a twig beyond the treeline.
She extracted her hand from beneath his now slightly sweaty palm and placed a cooling caress on his cheek, her fingertips scraping over his unshaven whiskers and down to his lower lip, where she let her thumb rest for a second or two before cupping his jaw. Her mouth was hanging slightly open, and she looked at him with what he could only describe as bedroom eyes.
His straining cock throbbed and pressed against the fabric of his boxer briefs, and he had no idea what to do. 
Well, he had some ideas.
But he settled on his old faithful, and made a joke out of it.
“Are you coming on to me, Scully?” he managed to croak out through dry, constricted vocal cords.
She blinked once, took a breath, and pounced.
She was all over him before he knew what was happening. One hand in the hair above his ear, another pawing at his chest, the weight of her torso twisting him awkwardly onto his back from the waist up. Her hot, spearmint mouth pinned him to the pillow, her tongue laving against his, and he sucked in sips of air as he gathered his wits. 
Scully was kissing him.
Scully.
Kissing him.
He had to get his act together. He had to take back a modicum of control. 
He reached up and held her face in both of his hands, her autumn tresses cascading forward, falling down like an auburn mane over his outspread digits and framing her features twice over.
“Scully, what’s happening?” he asked, checking in, making sure. “You didn’t pilfer any of that yajé from Dr. Bilac’s place, did you?”
She smiled wide, flashing her teeth at her chosen prey. “Go with it, Mulder,” she breathed, and kissed him again. 
This time, he matched her intensity, still supporting her skull in his palms. He lifted his head from the pillow, meeting the force of her mouth with equal pressure, and ran one hand down her neck, resting his index finger gratefully at the dip of her clavicle, where he’d watched her bleed out in his dream.
She loomed above him, her breasts rising and falling with her rhythmic panting, their hips side by side, the extent of his enthusiasm as yet unrevealed to her. He wanted to pull her to him, press the hard length of himself against her, show her that he appreciated her with his body just as much as he always had with his mind, but first, he wanted to be sure that’s what she wanted, too.
“Wait,” he mumbled against her writhing lips.
She sat up and away from him, holding herself up with one hand on his pillow. Her lips were pink and swollen, a sheen of mixed saliva glistening in the lamplight.
“What’s the matter, Mulder, don’t you want to?” she asked, but without waiting for an answer, she moved her other hand and delicately peeled back the covers, hunting for a non-verbal response to her question. 
Mulder watched her face as she slowly lifted up the sheets, delaying the moment of revelation when she would be absolutely certain that this was an ambush he did not want to outrun. He was the weakest of the herd, separated off to the side, just begging to be taken down, dragged off to the nearest tree and devoured. She drew back the comforter the vital final inches, and knew it. The sizable ridge in his boxer-briefs told her so.  
She peered back at his face with a look of lustful delight, practically purring. “It’s back,” she grinned, and he blushed, wincing. 
So she had seen it earlier. 
It was his turn to shrug, this time half in apology.
“Come here,” he instructed, his flush fading, and she leaned down to kiss him again, lifting her leg to climb on top of him, but he grabbed her behind the knee and rolled her onto her back, settling himself between her thighs.
She laughed, then gasped as he rolled his hips into hers, grinding himself against her sex through layers of thin cotton, feeling the tantalizing soak of desire between her legs. She drew up her quadriceps and pulled him into her froggy embrace, folding her elbows behind his neck and groaning into his mouth as his tumescence rode the wet seam of her panties.
He lifted himself backwards, grateful for his daily discipline of morning push ups, and watched Scully as her eyelids batted open and closed in response to the varying amounts of pressure he was applying to their languid frottage. She peered up at him now, squeezing his hips with her adductors, and tangled her fingertips in his chest hair, trailing down until she reached the elastic banding around his hip flexors. She tilted them both sideways on the mattress and dipped one delicate palm beneath the fabric at his waist, the pads of her fingers grazing the tip of his erection then taking firm hold of his aching girth, stroking him with a fluid twist of the wrist, feathering kisses along his slack jaw all the while. His balls jumped at the sensation of her hand on his shaft, her confidence and dexterity making him even harder.
But this wasn’t right. 
Mulder gently reached for her arm and stilled her movements. She pulled away from his face, frowning.
“Mulder, I thought you wanted-” she began, but he stopped her with a shake of his head.
“I do,” he assured her. “But ladies first.” 
With that, he guided her onto her back again, and took advantage of his position at her side to trace his right hand up beneath the hem of his loaned T-shirt and down into the soaked valley of flesh beneath her plain cotton briefs. It was nothing he hadn’t done before: it was high school and college and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, it was back row at the movies and spin the bottle and seven minutes in heaven; it was kid stuff, really, to slide - yes, slide, he was deliriously happy to note - into third base and pleasure a woman manually. 
But tonight, it felt like a revelation.
The heat of her engulfed his third and fourth digits, the rest of his hand brushing against soft curls and cushioned by flesh and liquid yearning, and she spread her knees to allow him room to work. His wrist stretched the fabric of her panties, and he circled his buried fingers within her, polishing the smooth roof of her inner walls and tugging upwards with each carnal circumference.
Scully rewarded him for his efforts with heavy panting and the occasional muted whimper, her mouth falling open and her right hand creeping up his back, her nails scratching at his rhomboids. Her other hand fussed at the top sheet, and she flexed and stretched her legs as he worked. 
She turned her face towards him to resume their kissing, and he covered her mouth with his own, lifting his thumb from its position limply resting against her upper thigh, and applying pressure to her clitoris, matching the circles of his fingers within. Scully moaned now, an open throated release, the sound of her pleasure reverberating down his larynx, and he felt his own need begin to drip out of his sensitive tip, marking the inside of his underwear.
“Oh my god,” she rasped, lifting her hips to draw him deeper inside her, and the angle gave him the chance to slip his index finger alongside his working digits, all three now soaked to the third knuckle. 
Scully thrust her head back into the pillow, ceasing their heavy petting in order to tilt her chin up and frown, crying out. Her right hand scraped the skin of his shoulder blade and she threw her left elbow over her eyes, covering her face as she mumbled and moaned and tossed her face from side to side, bucking her hips to the rhythm of his insistent pumping. 
“Oh god,” she shuddered, “I’m gonna-” 
But she didn’t need to tell him that, because she froze beneath him for a divine moment, a curse on her lips and a breath caught in her throat, and convulsed and flowed around his hand, his knuckles trapped in a pleasurable vise, and then she was panting and twitching and clutching, feral, gasping his name and seeking his mouth with her own, and he saw that seven minutes was the real kid stuff: this was a heaven he wanted to lock himself inside forever.
Their mouths fumbled for one another in her post orgasmic melee of limbs and spent lungs, and she held his mandible like a precious archaeological find, treasuring his nearness, weak with gratitude. He laid down beside her and gingerly removed his hand from between her legs, but she grabbed his retreating arm and rested his palm over the top of her underwear, cupping her lust-warmed sex. She started at the renewed contact with her apparently still sensitive clitoris, and nestled her forehead against his cheek on the pillow. Her eyelids drooped shut.
“Hey, Scully,” he teased, “You’re not going to fall asleep on me, are you?”
But she already had.
He looked down upon her scratch-marked face, her proud but delicate nose curving gently above her lips, which were slightly parted and dewy. A soft snore rippled her tongue. 
What a time for a cat nap, Mulder mused with considerable regret.
He tucked an errant strand of red hair behind her ear with his little finger, and went off to solve a problem in the bathroom. 
Scully needed her rest. He could only hope she’d be on the prowl again tomorrow night. 
I wrote a whole cat-based smut fic, and not once did I manage to make a pun on the word pussy. I’ll show myself out.
AO3 link here.
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owlcell35-blog · 5 years ago
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The guide of Buying Caster
There's perhaps not an equation or choice in picking the best casters which may be followed. Elements and most must be corrected to produce the decision that is going to perform the task for you. Coming up are a few the contemplations. Burden Weight. The heavier the heap, the larger the wheel. This heap heaviness affects that wheel's warmth. For heaps more than 400 lbs, rollerskates, or metallic pliers have been indicated. Weight limits have been looked for each and every single caster inside this list. Floors Conditions. Verify is huge to dismiss breaks from avenues the ground, moldings, along with hindrances. For floors safety on vinylvinyl, pay, therefore on., use polyurethane or Performa elastic seats. Unordinary Ailments. Each wheel substance has where irregular circumstances exist features that may give the best results. In which artificial materials, oils, radicals, and conditions can be found, phenolic, polyolefin, Maxim, Colson polyurethane, or metal wheels are suggested. Assess requirements, in their selection wheel and caster. Moving Ease. YUTONG , the simpler it rolls. Roller courses convey more heavy burdens. Easier roll yet communicates burdens. Use the metallic roller wheel the problem permits. Outrageous Climates. Temperatures aren't any trouble for casters. Whatever the scenario, heat or outrageous cold may be a issue. Colson takes excellent care of the matter with"Olson 45"... the green lube that promises caster transferring straightforwardness out of 4-5 °F below zero to 260°F above. It is normal for several Colson casters. (Note: Many wheel kinds shouldn't be used in exceptional temperature ranges. caster china of a caster is significantly more complicated than individuals figure out it. A caster must operate under proportions, so on surfaces which were lopsided, like in filthy and dusty ailments. The caster has moving parts which must proceed under adverse situations and unreservedly, doing ingeniously for this chair's life . Similar to a parkway join with configuration to defy the pile of road traffic and the structure, a round caster demands the evolution to care for a chair that's rolling and turning's afflictions. Materials that are excellent and construction subscribe into some caster's lifetime along with display. Lodging: The accommodation, or human body, of the caster, will be for communicating the heap of this chair, your help arrangement. The accommodation vents that the chair base in to the haggles conveys the heap of their caster, cantilevered into the junction in which the wheels and the ground meet. The maturation of this accommodation needs to be essential to offer quality perhaps not possess depth or make use of a measure of substance. The building of the lodging needs to provide the centerline of this pulse along with the counterbalance: the degree break between the stem centerline. On the off possibility, this balance is little, whilst moving the seat, the caster will not turn and a vibe. In the event, the counter balance is large the separation that is cantilevered is going to be outstanding, which makes the caster be weak and likely to diversion or breakage. Deciding the substance that's vinyl is vital to creating the lodging tough as well as solid. The material needs to be sufficient with desire to which the accommodation can convey the overpowering and lively burdens. The substance ought to be elastic enough to withstand abuse and accidental contact without breaking up, while also keeping up the cost. Testing needs to ensure the structure and utilization of the accommodation are competent. Carpin assesses its casters to guarantee they possess the quality, durability, and durability. Wheels: All the energetic forces and developments of this caster are moved which makes them crucial to attaining long lengths of aid that is sound. Whilst opposing stimulation and weariness wheel growth that emphasizes thickness and aid will probably serve to make certain that the caster brakes can survive steady moving underneath the body weight. If there's been a wheel planned, the substance could fatigue, causing disappointment and breaking up of this trail. For wheel casters that are delicate, the physical and synthetic holding involving the track are important to ensuring the monitor remains clung. De-overlaying with this course some times happens on proposed wheel-tracks that are ineffectively or in specific cases where the gist of the plastic will probably be either potential or suspect that the extract isn't just perfect. Another feature of caster generating is up keep. The use of the best possible ring that's holding improvements upkeep, as is a hub. Wheel program hub setup or exceptional substances could result in brakes shifting the caster through usage, which makes chair un usable and caster. Maintaining erosion and match also advances lasting and smooth-rolling operation. The opening's top is fundamental. Furthermore, it's like wise vital to make use of the best sort.
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adalidda · 5 years ago
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Illustration Photo: Modern mining technology in the Ruhr area, Germany (credits: Daniel Mennerich / Flickr Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0))
Call for applications: Data Hub Ruhr Challenge - Digitalizing Mine Plans
The Data Hub program offers startups access to experienced companies and unique data sets to develop and implement promising data-driven solutions. ‍ The Ruhr region in Germany is an attractive location for data-driven startups. Startups in the Ruhr region benefit from its central location in Europe, a close-knit infrastructure and the large market of a region with more than five million inhabitants, a strong middle class and many established corporates further add to its list of advantages.
RAG has been producing hard coal underground in Germany until the end of 2018 and continues to be responsible for the resulting consequences in North Rhine-Westphalia and Saarland. For almost 200 years, thousands of mine shafts and other cavities have been developed underground, many of them at a time when computers and 3D models were still unknown.
Accurate knowledge of the location of the underground cavities (e.g. in the form of 3D models) provides an important input for the complex questions that occur in post-mining times. RAG has more than 160,000 2D plans (scanned and georeferenced), which show a total of around 400 seams. The plans contain information on underground mining areas, roadways and shafts.
RAG asks you to develop an MVP that automatically vectorizes the central axes of the mining routes, so that a 3D model can subsequently be created by RAG. 3D models help determine complex interrelationships in order to effectively address arising questions. Younger employees and career changers will especially benefit from 3D models as those facilitate the transfer of know-how.
You will start with high-quality images, so that your image processing algorithm can be trained with relative ease. The Z-component of the route (i.e. its geographical height) can be determined from the height labelling on the 2D plans. The layout of the plans is identical since they are generated by computer software. In this first step, you will also receive an existing 3D model to verify your spatial vectorization. The aim is to replicate the existing model with an accuracy of five meters. Once the algorithm and MVP are fine-tuned, you will try to vectorize plans of poorer image quality. The procedure remains the same, but the pattern recognition algorithm will have to be refined.
In-depth knowledge of computer vision algorithms to extract information from images Software development skills to implement a MVP ‍
An application that can extract information from digitized images and subsequently vectorize that information into 3D centerlines The output will be a file with X, Y, Z coordinates and the respective object ID (e.g. a particular roadway) ‍
The project can be divided into the following milestones:
Develop a computer vision algorithm that extracts information on the route network from digitized 2D plans in order to vectorize that information as 3D polylines, provided as a file. Once the logic works for a particular set of neatly labelled mine plans (category A), you will test your results against an existing 3D model. You should be able to reproduce 95% of the mine shafts with an accuracy of 5 meters. If you manage category A 2D plans, you will be given another set of digitized and georeferenced images that are of lower quality (category B). For this category, you should be able to vectorize 80% of the routes with an accuracy of 5 meters. Lastly, your application should be able to vectorize 50% of the routes of category C plans, which have the lowest image quality. ‍ BUDGET: €20,000
Application Deadline: 8 May 2020
Check more https://adalidda.com/posts/9Q7q9swcEYgSLkG7c/call-for-applications-data-hub-ruhr-challenge-digitalizing
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einstein-robin-hood-blog · 8 years ago
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The Dharma Subs, by Jack Kerouac (excerpt)
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Just outside of Barstow, the needle on the speedometer hit 120. Dean let out a whoop and put his chin back on the steering wheel. He had a tuna sub in each hand (toasted parmesan cheese roll, lettuce, tomato, black olive, extra pickle, benzadrine) and was steering with his chin.
“Sal, grab the wheel for a sec.”
I leaned over and Dean reached into the cooler on the back seat and grabbed another sub (iron foundry bread, wilted Apache lettuce, Hampton tomatoes, jingo weed sauce, crystal meth). Now he was working on three and yelling:
“This is it, man! No one has ever driven 120 while eating three subs!”
We were headed to Denver to hear Carlo Marx read his new poem -
HOW(L) Do You Want Your Sub? - at a Paint and Sip in East Colfax. There was a waitress there that Dean had knocked up on his last trip through town and since he had just gotten divorced, he was all set to marry Gladys (that being her name).
But it had to be a surgical strike, because there was a warrant out for Dean. Last summer, Dean beat up a kid who was working the counter during Sub Night at the Montbello Paint and Sip. Dean didn’t like the way the kid made his sub (Hawaiian longboard bread, Emily Dickinson lettuce, whorehouse tomatoes, Popeye spinach, olive oil, very few pickles (really, it was insulting), peyote). Dean jumped over the counter, knocked the kid out, and then emptied the whole jar of pickles on his sub (Hawaiian longboard bread, Emily Dickinson lettuce, whorehouse tomatoes, Popeye spinach, olive oil, way too many pickles now, peyote). This probably would have been fine, except he then poured a gallon jug of chipotle mayonnaise on the kid’s head. Dean’s bad luck would have it that the kid aspirated some of the mayo and was in the hospital for six weeks. Yeah, that stuff burns. Also turns out that the kid was a nephew of Denver’s mayor, Aloysious “Triphammer” Fortescue. So the whole Denver police force, batons in hand, were on the lookout for Dean.
The sun was going down when we decided to take a detour to Provo. Good sub town. They had a special sub, called The Esteemed Savory Elder Brigham Young, May His Memory Be A Blessing, Sub (Yemeni pita, sundried lettuce, Incan tomato,  pickled forget-me-nots, mescaline), that drew them in from miles around. Folks in Provo got their energy from the mountains and the tumbleweeds that blow through town night and day. True believers who spend their days roping cows, throwing seed on dirt that’s been in their families for generations, or pulling a double shift at the Paint and Sip. At night, they trim their nose hair in the bathroom mirror and wait for the banjo repairman. Say what you will about Mormons, they know how to make a good sub (toasted pioneer bread, double cheese, oil & vinegar, righteous Jesus pickle, amphetamine).
It was around midnight when we spotted her by the side of the road. We had just passed through a ghost town called The Parson’s Handbag and were starting to flag. We were down to our last sub (quinoa loaf, swamp lettuce, moonbeam tomatoes, blind midget peppers, dead coal miner sauce, pineal gland extract).
Her name was Sunbeam and she was dressed as a giant six foot sub (foam rubber bun, styrofoam tomato, green felt lettuce, plasticine chipotle mayonnaise, LSD). And a five gallon tub of pickles under her arm. She jumped into the front seat and sat herself down right between me and Dean.
“Good tidings, hepcats. You fine examples of American manhood wouldn’t happen to be going to Provo, would you?”
“As a matter of fact, sister, we are,” I replied. “Settle in and dig the happenings.” Dean just stared.
“So, milady of the toasted bun, what flame doth draw thy sweet and tender mothiness to the enchanted burg of Provo.” My flirting game was a little rusty, so I may have been laying it on a bit thick.
“Big sub convention! The Mormons are rolling out a new secret sub (?????,?????,?????,?????). They claim just one bite gives you eternal life and your own planet. Makes The Esteemed Savory Elder Brigham Young, May His Memory Be A Blessing, Sub taste like dirt. They call it The Rapture Sub.”
“Far out. I wants in, missy.”
“You gots in, mister.”
Through all this world-class flirting, Dean was quiet as a speakeasy mouse on a three-day cheese and port wine jag. His eyes were glued to the road. Every once in a while he’d reach over and grab Sunbeam by the bun. She’d giggle and slap his hand away playfully.
We eventually ran out of subs and decided to pull over and crash for the night. Being a gentleman, or thinking myself to be one, I offered to sleep in the trunk, leaving Sunbeam the spacious backseat and Dean the front. He liked to sleep with his chin hanging off the bottom of the steering wheel, “Good practice,” he’d say.
I awoke pretty groggy. Climbed out of the trunk, took a quick leak onto sun-bleached desert hardpan, and peered into the car. Sunbeam was nowhere to be found. Half of her sub costume, torn to shreds, was spread all over the back seat. I looked at Dean and saw that his stomach was incredibly distended. Like 12 months pregnant distended.
I shook him awake.
“What did you do? Where’s Sunbeam?”
Dean rubbed his eyes, spit out the window, and asked “Who’s Sunbeam? Man, am I stuffed.”
“Sunbeam is the chick we picked up past night. I think you ate her!” I was starting to panic. This was worse than the kid and the mayonnaise.
“What are you talking about? I don’t remember any chick. All I remember is tripping balls and eating a giant sub that just wouldn’t stop.”
“That was Sunbeam! You ate Sunbeam! You ate an entire chick!” (long brown hair, sports bra, Grateful Dead T-shirt, hold the undies, blue jeans, huarache sandals, giant foam rubber sub costume, peyote).
Just then, Sunbeam sauntered over from behind an ocotillo bush, hitching up her pants and calling out: “Greetings my brothers! I have completed my morning ritual and returned my essence to Mother Earth, as it has been for all generations since Eve trod in the Garden.” She paused and looked at us: “I’m not even going to ask about the sub costume. If you can front a girl breakfast and lunch, we can call it even.”
Dean looked at me and asked who was she and what the hell was she talking about. I breathed a huge sigh of relief and I told him: “Her name is Sunbeam and I think she just took a piss.” Dean nodded, turned on the radio - “Sweet and Dandy” by Toots and the Maytals. I climbed into the back seat, got cozy with Sunbeam, and we were off.
And there we were, two heteronormative men and a lost flower child of yet undisclosed sexuality, burning a sweet black line of rubber to match the white centerline of the road. We had no idea where our next sub would come from, but we knew it was out there somewhere, waiting.
I’m not even going to tell you what the foam rubber sub did to Dean’s digestion.
.
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alaskafox220 · 4 years ago
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Sea Creaturesfree Dxf Shape Files For Cnc Cutting
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Sea Creatures Free Dxf Shape Files For Cnc Cutting Tools
Autocad Shape Files Shx
Open Shape Files
Need free DXF Files for your Laser, Plasma Cutter, CNC Router, Waterjet, or Other Machine? We can help!
Need DXF File information, tips, and techniques? Scroll down, there’s a bunch below!
Free DXF File Downloads by Category:
Sea Life Cut File Collection - svg/dxf/ai/png files suitable for cricut, silhouette, laser cutting and cnc routing This collection consists of 19 single and multilayered sea life images suitable for a wide variety of papercrafts, decals, laser and other cut projects. There are 15 single colour/layer images and 4 multilayered images.
The Sea Turtle Side-View DXF file is intended to be cut from metal using a CNC cutting system. Once fabricated, this artwork can be hung in a child's room to create a deep sea theme or to show appreciation for marine turtles. The artwork can be incorporated into your own design as well. This artwork features the side profile of a sea turtle.
Oct 10, 2019 - Underwater Ocean and Sea Fishes DXF file and SVG cut ready for CNC machines and designed to be cut for plasma, laser, and water jet cutters and can be scaled to any size to fit your design needs.
More Free DXF Files coming soon: we upload new ones constantly!
DXF File Information
What is a DXF File?
DXF files (files with a .dxf file extension) are a type of CNC File called vector CAD files. Vector CAD Files contain objects such as:
Lines
Polygons
Circles
Arcs
Bezier Curves
Text
DXF stands for Drawing eXchange Format. The Drawing Exchange Format was created by Autodesk for their AutoCAD CAD software. It was originally introduced with AutoCAD 1.0 in December 1982, so it’s been around for a long time.
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Most CAD and CAM software will open, create and edit DXF files. Importing a DXF file into a CAD program and then exporting it is the best way to convert DXF files to a different CAD drawing file format. Many drawing programs such as Adobe Illustrator and CorelDraw will also open, edit, and save DXF files, so this is another possibility. For artistic work, a drawing program may be easier. For creating mechanical components, CAD software is better.
We offer this collection of Free DXF Files to get you started.
Sea Creatures Free Dxf Shape Files For Cnc Cutting Tools
Why would I need Free DXF Files?
There’s a lot of fun to be had with decorative and artistic CNC projects. Such projects don’t require a lot of precision and are only 2 to 2 1/2D, so they’re easy to make with a CNC Router, Laser, Waterjet, or Vinyl Cutter. Sometimes we’re adding a design as a decorative element on top of a precision machined part, like this engraving on a bandsaw mitre gage:
Many times, the hardest part of these kinds of projects is coming up with artwork. It’s line art, which is relatively straightforward to convert to CAD and thence to CAM and finally g-code. But getting decent line art to start can be a pain. Especially for non-artists.
With this page, I’m making decent quality line art available for free to CNC’ers.
As you can see, we divide the files into Categories like Animal, Holiday, and Vehicles. I have a LARGE library of free dxf files that you’ll be able to download above. I don’t have nearly all of them up yet, but I will be steadily adding to the page until I have them all available.
Below, you’ll also find information about how to get the most out of the free dxf files, so be sure to check out the article below on optimizing your CAM for DXF Cutting Files.
I have big plans for the page, so stay tuned. If you haven’t already subscribed to our email newsletter, get hooked up right below so you don’t miss out as new developments unfold.
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Optimizing Your CAM for DXF Cutting Files
To ensure you have an excellent experience with our free DXF files we would like to share with you some information that will make it easier for you to be successful with our DXF files.
The first thing you will want to do once you download a Free DXF file is to unzip the file with a file extraction program. Once you unzip the file folder you will see two files available. One of your unzipped files will end with .dxf and the other will end with .jpg (.dxf files are for cutting .jpg files are for viewing purposes only).
You will primarily be focused on either importing or opening the DXF file into your CAM or CAD based software program. If you are trying to edit the design work you can use a program like Corel Draw or Adobe Illustrator to make quick changes to the existing DXF file.
I know a lot of individuals that are new to the CNC industry like to try Inkscape but I have not had very good success with importing and opening my DXF files into that particular program. I believe it is due to how Inkscape was developed based off older versions of the DXF file format.
If you are importing the DXF file or opening it into your CAM software you will want to be sure to disable your offset tooling function. If you are unable to disable the offset function altogether then you will want to reduce your offset value as small as it will go (.001″). This function may also be referred to as “Tool Compensation.”
The reason to do this is you want the cut to go right down the centerline of the vectors in these files. Anything else can lead to poor results or errors that prevent your CAM package from generating g-cdoe.
Autocad Shape Files Shx
Here is an example of what a DXF file looks like when it is imported without any offsets:
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This is what a DXF file looks like with a medium offset:
Notice there is not much visible difference, however this medium offset has created over 100 unwanted intersections in the geometry.
This is what a DXF file looks like with a large offset:
The difference is dramatic and alarming. Don’t be fooled by seeing something like this, clearly the issue is due to improper tool path offsetting.
If your CAM system is detecting overlapping lines or giving you error codes the primary reason for this is that your auto offset feature is toggled on and your CAM system is literally redrawing the design work to accommodate an unnecessary offset. If you import the DXF file and you are seeing thousands of little lines very close to each other you import options may be configured incorrectly for lines and arcs when they should be set for polylines.
Once you are able to import the DXF file into your CAM software you will notice that most of our CNC DXF files come with two images of the same design.
For example, here’s a Camaro DXF File:
If you zoom in on the DXF file you have imported you will see one design includes single lines like you see in this example (single lines are referred to as open cut paths):
Open Shape Files
If you zoom in on the other image included in the DXF file you imported you will see that it does not contain any single lines. (In this design all the cut paths are referred to as closed cut paths):
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Now that you are familiar with some of the basics of importing your DXF file you will want to either delete the closed path or open cut path version of the design. As a rule of thumb all Plasma and Router based CNC cutting systems will utilize the open cut path version of the design (if you are using a plasma or router based CNC cutting system you can delete the closed path version of the DXF file design) Remember to save the file under a separate name so that you do not lose access to both versions of the design.
Now if you are operating a laser or waterjet based CNC cutting system you will want to utilize the closed cut path version of the design. ( If you are using a laser or waterjet based cutting system you can delete the open cut path version of the DXF file design) Remember to save the file under a separate name so that you do not lose access to both versions of the design.
If you plan to cut the our DXF files with a CNC plasma cutting system it is recommended that you use a plasma cutting system capable of cutting at or below 40 amps. Fine tip consumables between 20 and 40 amps will yield excellent to very good results. Amperage is directly tied to the size of your plasma stream cut width.
For the very best results make sure to do several straight line test cuts to minimize the cut width in the material that you will be cutting. Stand off distance, cut speed and air pressure all have an impact on the cut width and quality of your cut. Every plasma cutting system is different and the only true way to get truly amazing results is through trial and error. With a little time and practice you will minimize your cut width and improve your cut quality that will result in achieving great detail and minimal clean up.
4.7/5(6 votes )
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Indainam tai autocad 2017 chuẩn
In late March, Autodesk unveiled AutoCAD 2017, the 31st release of its flagship item. The new version sets the stage for Autodesk’s move far from a perpetual license product (wherein you very own a copy of a particular launch of AutoCAD and will use it effectively for good) and also to a membership model during which shoppers hire the software program with a month-to-month, quarterly, yearly or multi-yr foundation. As a result, many the hassle With this launch was accomplished powering the scenes to sleek this changeover.
That's not to mention that there aren’t some quite major enhancements in AutoCAD 2017. In truth, there are 3 genuinely significant improvements, and the primary two entail dimensioning — sort of. AutoCAD 2016 launched an entirely new Instrument for generating every kind of Proportions using an individual command. For The 1st time, you could possibly create multiple varieties of associative Proportions without needing to stop a person command and start A further. You could also place all Those people dimensions on the specified layer in lieu of having to 1st make the right layer the current layer. But final 12 months’s advancements did not contain centerlines or Middle marks. All those objects remained mostly unchanged from every time they ended up 1st released over 20 years back. Therefore, centerlines and Heart marks continued to include lines that once drawn were completely unrelated on the geometry they had been utilized to annotate. With AutoCAD 2017, that condition has at last adjusted.
Associative Centerlines and Centre Marks
AutoCAD 2017 introduces impressive new tools for producing and editing centerlines and Middle marks and these new tools seem prominently about the Annotate ribbon. The Centerline Software produces centerline geometry of the specified linetype That is still affiliated with the chosen traces and polylines. The new Centre Mark Resource produces an associative Centre mark at the middle of a particular circle, arc or polygonal arc. Once designed, if you modify the connected objects, the centerlines and Middle marks update accordingly.
AutoCAD 2017 The new Heart Mark and Centerline equipment show up prominently to the Annotate ribbon. Image courtesy of David Cohn.
The looks in the centerlines and Middle marks are controlled by many new process variables. For instance, CENTEREXE controls how far the centerlines and Middle marks extend past the objects and CENTERLAYER specifies the layer on which centerlines and Middle marks are created. You can even Manage the linetype and linetype scale used for centerlines and center marks, the scale on the central cross for Centre marks, as well as extension line gap concerning the central cross plus the extension lines of Centre marks.
At the time produced, You need to use grips to easily regulate centerlines and Centre marks. And should the necessity crop up, there are actually instructions to disassociate centerlines and Heart marks within the objects they annotate, and also to re-affiliate them with picked geometry.
Import PDF Geometry
The second significant function in AutoCAD 2017 is a chance to import geometry from a PDF file into The existing drawing as AutoCAD objects. AutoCAD has extensive experienced the opportunity to connect a PDF file as an underlay. You could potentially then see the PDF file in the context on the drawing and make new geometry by snapping into the fundamental PDF graphic.
The brand new import PDF functionality in AutoCAD 2017 goes nicely past this. After a PDF file is selected, an Import PDF dialog is displayed. It is possible to then select which web page from your PDF file to import; specify its scale, rotation and insertion point; Command what type of details is imported from the PDF file (geometry, good fills, text, and raster objects); Handle how levels are assigned to imported objects; and so on. Raster photos are extracted with the PDF as PNG data files and after that hooked up for the drawing. Stable fills may be converted to hatches and other geometry is transformed into polylines.
AutoCAD 2017 Now you can import geometry from the PDF file, incorporating it to the AutoCAD drawing. Graphic courtesy of David Cohn.
There are many caveats, having said that. Geometry can only be imported if it absolutely was originally saved to the PDF file as vector knowledge. Quite simply, if the PDF was developed by exporting from a CAD method, you will probably be capable to import the geometry, but If your PDF was produced by scanning an outdated paper drawing, you’re from luck. Also, the PDF indainam.com/download-autocad-2017/ file structure isn't going to realize AutoCAD’s form-based (SHX) fonts. When drawings with SHX are plotted to PDF, the textual content is saved as geometry. If you import the PDF file into AutoCAD, that text is included towards the AutoCAD drawing as polylines, not textual content. But any text produced making use of TrueType fonts will likely be imported as text objects.
You are able to import a PDF file and right away change it into AutoCAD objects, or change a PDF file Beforehand hooked up as an underlay.
Print Your individual 3D Styles
3D printing has genuinely taken off and AutoCAD 2017 now presents two diverse procedures for sending 3D types to your 3D printer. You could decide on “Send to 3D Print Services” to develop an STL file that could then be despatched to some 3D print service or click on The brand new Print Studio Device, which downloads and installs Autodesk Print Studio, a independent application that enables you to print directly to certainly one of 8 supported 3D printers or preserve a G-Code file for printing later on.
Though there are other sizeable advancements in AutoCAD 2017, lots of them are delicate improvements produced under the hood. Such as, When you've got a DirectX eleven-capable graphics card and also have components acceleration enabled, you could possibly notice a dramatic rise in functionality. In preceding release of AutoCAD, the preview picture of objects remaining produced, moved or copied could seem very jagged. But in AutoCAD 2017, they seem equally as clean On this preview manner as after the creation or modification Procedure is done.
AutoCAD 2017 Autodesk Print Studio is a whole new application that allows you to output 3D designs to your own private 3D printer. Picture courtesy of David Cohn.
Additionally, linetypes with dash and dot mixtures Show round dots, whereas in prior releases these dots have been represented by pretty short dashes. And when picking objects that use elaborate linetypes, Now you can find and snap to things even if you click on within a blank space within the linetype.
Mainly because AutoCAD 2017 also normally takes benefit of the graphics processing unit (GPU) in most modern computer systems, intricate linetypes at the moment are generated via the GPU as an alternative to the CPU, with graphics cached in GPU memory, considerably increasing pan and zoom operations. AutoCAD’s fundamental 3D graphics subsystem has also been entirely rewritten, resulting in a lot quicker performance with massive 3D versions and enhanced application balance.
Other modifications could possibly be much more obvious. As an example, lots of This system’s dialog boxes are larger. Any time you make use of a file dialog to open up or preserve a drawing, you could notice which the measurement from the preview pane has enhanced. Other dialog boxes Screen more information, thus lowering scrolling. You can also resize many of such dialog bins and AutoCAD will keep in mind their measurement the subsequent time you rely on them.
AutoCAD 2017 Dialog packing containers are greater in AutoCAD 2017, enabling you to definitely look at more information. Impression courtesy of David Cohn.
New Companion Applications
If you first set up AutoCAD 2017, you will likely also come to be aware about The brand new Autodesk desktop application that replaces the Autodesk Software Supervisor. This window is immediately displayed once the set up is comprehensive. A shortcut to this new software also appears within the desktop and from the Home windows Taskbar. This new companion application might be used to provide protection patches and updates for all 2015, 2016 and 2017 versions of Autodesk’s Home windows-centered applications.
AutoCAD 2017 A fresh companion application can make it quick to set up updates and stability patches. Graphic courtesy of David Cohn
Whenever a hot repair, provider patch or security patch gets to be out there, this application will display a notification about the program tray. Once you launch The brand new companion software and open its update tab, you will see suitable specifics with regard to the update and should be able to click on a button to speedily and simply download and install the update on your own Personal computer.
Autodesk has also improved the entire process of moving your custom made options from the preceding version of AutoCAD to AutoCAD 2017. A brand new Migrate Custom Configurations Software delivers a more intuitive interface that detects and Evidently identifies custom made configurations, enabling you to decide on which of them you wish to migrate.
You can find a host of other enhancements also. For instance, the Coordination Model operation has actually been Improved to enable you to snap to exact locations on an connected coordination design employing typical 2nd endpoint and Centre item snaps. The A360 ribbon has also been up-to-date to aid new features and to remove obsolete and fewer regularly used instruments. As an example, the AutoCAD 360 World wide web Software is now not essential because you can edit on the net drawings by opening A360 Drive.
AutoCAD 2017 A different Migrate Tailor made Settings Instrument can make it much easier to changeover from the past Model of AutoCAD. Picture courtesy of David Cohn.
Style Feed is no more displayed by default and its icon has also been removed from the A360 ribbon. But AutoCAD 2017 offers a new Device that lets you simply publish views of drawings to the cloud to aid collaboration with stakeholders whilst preserving your DWG files. When using the new Share Style Perspective Resource, your drawing is uploaded to your safe spot from the cloud in which second and 3D sights are extracted combined with the residence databases. You can choose to publish and Screen within your browser immediately, or receive a notification to the Status Bar when all see processing is complete. When you finally are happy with the look check out, you may share a link with Other people who will then see the design see inside their browser for as many as thirty times with none logon specifications.
Except the 3D printing equipment, the identical new attributes in AutoCAD 2017 can be found in AutoCAD LT 2017 at the same time. Both equally courses started shipping in late March, with Style and design Suites to follow in mid- to late-April. AutoCAD 2017 supports Home windows seven, 8 and 10, and is out there in both equally 32- and sixty four-bit variations. No announcement has been built relating to a different Macintosh release.
There’s a lot to like about AutoCAD 2017 and sure a lot more to come. Autodesk intends to roll out new functions periodically to all consumers. Since Every person utilizing AutoCAD 2017 might be on membership, there will be no much more waiting around a 12 months to check out what’s new.
Autodesk summarizes The brand new attributes in AutoCAD 2017 into three groups: Simplified, Related, and Innovative. I categorize them into Installation & Administration and Having Things Accomplished.
Installation & Administration
On to start with start of AutoCAD 2017, you're going to be offered With all the enhanced Migrate Custom Configurations tool. It is undoubtedly extra contemporary on the lookout and much simpler to understand. Should you be unfamiliar using this Resource, it is intended to consider your custom settings and software configurations and transfer them on the new version. For me, I’m only concerned with the Software Palettes and Templates as I don’t customise any in the other available choices. So within just this dialog, I choose Apparent All and just decide on the choices I want.
AutoCAD 2017 Migrate Custom made Configurations
Another change on launch of AutoCAD 2017 is the up to date License Supervisor. Not will be the serial selection and license variety entered / set in the course of set up but now is set throughout the start off of AutoCAD. It is usually much easier to change between license kinds (by means of the About box). And Yet another bonus is you obtain the chance to save your function Whenever your Computer system loses relationship to the License Supervisor server (if over a networked license)
AutoCAD 2017 1st Start
Right after beta and trials in a few nations around the world, the new Autodesk Dwelling has become accessible to Anyone… and not only for AutoCAD. Consider this “companion” your a person-prevent-buy almost everything related to the Autodesk software package installed in your process. This incorporates updates, pertinent Understanding written content, and backlinks to assistance and also other sources. It is actually Subscription “knowledgeable” which means it only delivers content material associated with the products and solutions you've got under membership.
Autodesk House replaces the Autodesk Application Manager (AMM) which was accessible with the 2015 & 2016 variations. Like with the AMM, each time a new update is offered a notification appears during the technique tray. When Autodesk Property is released an update “Card” is revealed exhibiting specifics of the update. [Be aware: I’m even now undecided from the readily available options for taking care of House inside of a network natural environment, something that I will require to investigation.]
Autodesk Household
2nd graphics performance is enhanced inside of AutoCAD 2017 by depending on the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) additional greatly. With this, line types are actually produced through the GPU as opposed to the CPU along with the graphics are cached (retained) throughout the GPU memory. Include these jointly and things like pan and zoom are considerably more rapidly. [Vital…. if you do not have at the very least 128 MB of GPU memory none of the graphic advancements will be in impact]
The opposite graphic enhancements consist of improved line smoothing for the duration of in command previews, like shifting and rotating objects, Hence the previewed object a lot more intently resembles what they may seem like in the event the Procedure is complete. Also, dots now appear as dots, not limited traces
3D graphics performance is improved as the present “subsystem” was replaced. What this means is enhanced balance and much faster functionality with large 3D designs… especially when dealing with the Shaded and Realistic Visible styles. This is excellent information, as Though I now not do a large amount of 3D modeling in just AutoCAD, I ran into several predicaments not long ago with 3D scanned versions wherever I used to be unquestionably wishing for just a bit additional electricity.
Any one else obtain ToolTips annoying? They seemed to constantly pop up once you didn’t require them, building sounds and distraction. AutoCAD 2017 gives a new Manage to established the quantity of seconds to hold off the Display screen of rollover tooltips. This means they need to only look when you really want them and have paused to get more information… brilliant.
There’s practically nothing radically new with the consumer interface this 12 months, that can make sure you some of the die-hards AutoCAD end users. I am a fan on the darker UI’s, such as AutoCAD and Adobe Photoshop, so I’m very pleased that they’ve still left a great thing by yourself.
AutoCAD 2017 Format
Autodesk crossed off #three to the AUGI wishlist by expanding the default sizing of some dialogs, letting for resizing, AND remembering the dimensions you’ve increased them to following. Choose one example is any of your pick file dialogs, like New, Open up, Conserve, and Help save As, which now stay the size you’ve resized them to.
Gallery see is a newer attribute which includes driven me nuts because they’ve released the features. Why was it so difficult to accessibility the Insert dialog? I didn’t want to show off Gallery view as I liked employing it, I just wished A neater way to start the Insert dialog. Autodesk has addressed this with AutoCAD 2017 by sticking an alternative button at The underside to start a far more Options dialog… yah!
AutoCAD 2017 Galleryview Insert
AutoCAD 2017 now involves associative Center lines and Centre Marks. This means the added Middle objects keep on being relevant to the objects, at the same time as you make variations for the geometry. You set the specified layer and the center objects are routinely put on this layer, whatever the active layer.
The appearance of the middle objects are managed with the use of method variables [which I don’t concur with… shouldn’t this be delivered by way of a dialog environment?]. By way of example, CENTEREXE controls the length of the overshoots and CENTERMARKEXE manages the development of extension traces.
AutoCAD 2017 now supports importing PDF documents. This means in addition to attaching the PDFs as referenced underlays (like raster photographs), you now can import the geometry contained within the PDF as traces, arcs, circles, together with other objects. It does a very good task of importing “clear” geometry, including developing polylines. However, it is important to note that it does not import textual content nor identify hatch patterns (other than sound fills)
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davidpires578 · 6 years ago
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On the Eave of Construction (II)
With weather remaining endlessly cold, my shop remains under that 40˚F threshold, a mark which I have decided is my cut off for working in there. I’ve been continuing on therefore, with my work at home to draw a certain type of Japanese residential roof, with an aim to cementing my knowledge of how to learn RhinoCad and work out some long-standing carpentry drawing issues which I couldn’t resolve with the previous drawing software.
I’ve put a lot of hours in, and things have been going well generally with the drawing work, at least as far as the CAD aspect is concerned. Essentially, I find that one has to flail away for a certain amount of time, have certain things not work out for some reason or another, and then try a ‘plan b’ and do it all again, and probably again, until eventually you can produce what you want. By one’s own mistakes in modeling, one learns better ways to model.
The reason for this is that with many given tasks in Rhino, there is more than one way to do it. Certain habit patterns in how I go about modeling parts I bring over from sketchup prove to not work so well sometimes in Rhino. In SketchUp you produce solids a lot of the time and then push, pull and intersect them to obtain the finished part you want. In Rhino, one can do all those same sort of techniques, but they may lead to a part which is a collection of faces that will not weld together to make a solid or some such outcome.
As an example to show the variety of potential approaches to a given objective there is the task of ‘creating a surface’, one of the most basic in modeling:
One could opt to draw 4 lines to produce the outline of the surface, then join them together with a separate command, then patch that outline with a surface.
Or, one could use the rectangle tool to produce the outline, then patch.
Or, one could draw the rectangle with a ‘polyline’ tool and then patch.
Or, one could use the ‘surface’ tool and in one move it’s done.
One could alternatively have previously created a cube, from which one can extract the desired surface, or copy that surface, or explode the cube and subtract everything you don’t need to obtain the surface you want.
One can take a set of lines comprising the surface one wants to model and then use a tool to loft a surface over that outline.
One can take the lines comprising the surface and then use a tool called ‘curve network’ to create the surface.
One could take a larger surface and then use a ‘wire cut’ tool to slice out the portion of surface in the shape desired.
I could go on as the above list is hardly exhaustive, but I’m sure the above list is enough. it’s the same for a lot of modeling tasks, with various ways to approach a thing presenting themselves. And when you are new at it there is a tendency to stick with a the one tool you got a mental grasp on, and use that exclusively, until you find one time it isn’t working for some reason. And thus you must learn other ways to do the task, and eventually one comes to understand why one chooses one tool over another to get a certain job done efficiently and well. It’s no different than woodworking really, save for the fact that the drawing work is virtual.
As a concrete example, here I’ll show a curved hip rafter. In cases like this one, where the curve is not of continuous radius, the ‘backed’ top of a curved hip has a shape which changes shape as it moves along. Thus the surfaces of the backed cut on each side are twisted planes:
This kind of twisted surface is a modeling task which was all but hopeless in SketchUp. In Rhino, there are several ways to do it. In the above I used a tool which produced quite a busy surface, but it was mathematically precise.
Later, working on a similar task on the ‘field’ hip rafter, I was able to obtain the same result with a much less busy surface, which is certainly easier to look at:
I’m very much at the early learning stage with some of these tools, so a lot of stumbles still lay ahead I’m sure.
The problem of learning which tool to use and why, is one aspect that has been another. A second point of struggle relates to the layout manuals which I use. My favorite ones are by Togashi, and they are certainly comprehensive. I thought they were essentially flawless, however I have recently discovered that he makes mistakes too.
All of my drawings for roofs and such are performed much as if I were doing the task in my shop- sketching first in 2D to produce the required shapes and then using those shapes as templates to make the parts. Here’s one of the developed views I sketched of this roof model:
Towards the bottom right is where one projects lines from the view of the eave timber build-up over to the hip rafter:
I followed Togashi’s methods, however because I am able to create the parts afterwards as 3D solids and then superimpose those solids back into the 2D drawing portion, I am able to check whether the 2D method is producing parts which are shaped and positioned correctly. And that’s where I found problems with Togashi’s book:
It’s a problem I actually discovered previously and had forgotten about. As you can see I do scribble notes in pencil on the textbook to keep track of things like this.
His mistake in this case is to project points over rom one view, which are of planes along the centerline of a part, then then reflect them in a secondary view but on the wrong line of reflection. If you look at the above sketch of drawing the ‘kera-kubi’ hip nose treatment, you can see that where he has marked point ‘e’ is where he reflects a line showing the front face miter from the eave’s kaya-oi timber – but the line he is reflecting the projection upon is the line for the face of the hip rafter, not its centerline.
The consequence of the above mistake would be to cut the angled receiving notch on the end of the hip rafter, right at the point of the miter, too far uphill. The kaya-oi would bind in that location, as the error in line position is about 4.5mm. It’s not as if he would be wanting to make that sort of mistake, would he? Not generally an objective in Japanese pursuits, as far as I have noticed.
I’m not expecting readers here to grok exactly what I am talking about – just to state that there is a problem in the text that I was initially in some disbelief about and had to overcome. And it is not just that page, as he repeats the same problem on other drawings, and I have discovered other minor mistakes besides.
And I’m not trying to run the guy down either – I esteem his work greatly and I’m a little shocked to find any mistakes in it as it is that good otherwise. I think my main point  is that having the ability to construct parts in 3D solids off of 2D, and back-check them is a truly wonderful thing. I think that if you are only drawing in 2D all the time, with the myriad of lines to stare at it is only a matter of time before even the most experienced folks get a little mix up here and there.
Anyway, I have made some modest progress after a bunch more struggle. Here’s a view of the eave from underneath with the eave build up complete and rafters in place:
A view from the top side shows the curved field rafters getting put in, and gives a look of the field hip rafter:
  The fact that the field rafters are curved down, or sagged (called ‘tarumi’), means there are some complications in the production of the field hip upper lines, as one must account for both the cure in the field common rafter, and the fact that the rafters travel along an eave edge which also curves up at the end.
I had made the field hip rafter deeper in section in the lower portion so it could sister against the decorative hip rafter below. However, after I had the parts together and could take a look, I could see room for improvement.
So, I started those parts again, and this was the result:
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itsworn · 7 years ago
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Installation of a Pair of Remotely Operated Bear Claw Latches
When it comes to building a custom truck, sometimes the modifications made are driven by aesthetics. Other times, they might be driven by function. Either way, they serve a purpose, whether that’s to improve the styling of the truck or to upgrade existing components to better serve the owner’s desires. When it came to replacing the existing door latch mechanisms on our 1952 F-1, we found that we actually had a case where the form and function were to benefit; the exterior door handles on our F-1 were sagging due to play in the handle’s shaft and the stock door latches had seen one too many cycles to have any decent life left. So our problem was twofold. We needed to fix the aesthetics of the sagging door handles and upgrade the door latch mechanism so that the doors shut nicely, without slamming, and to the point where they wouldn’t pop open on the freeway.
Since our truck build leans more toward custom than restoration, we thought it’d make sense to upgrade the latch mechanisms to a more modern bear claw–style latch system, actuated by a pair of door poppers. This would provide a solution to both of our problems as well as cleaning up the doors by removing the exterior handles completely, thanks to a shaved door handle kit from Dakota Digital (PN CMD-10K-1X) and a pair of their dual rotor bear claw latches (PN BCL-2).
But to call the Dakota Digital system simply a shaved door handle kit does not do it justice. In fact, the capabilities of their Commander 10K system extend well beyond simply popping open a couple doors. Functions range from controlling power windows, releasing or raising a hatch (think operating a tailgate, fuel door, or tonneau cover), or toggle or turn on/off any electrical device all from a single six-button remote. Suffice it to say, we’ll be using the Commander 10K kit to not only control the opening of both the doors on our F-1, but we’ll be setting things up to tie into the Specialty Power Window kit that’s yet to be installed.
As our door latch installation progressed, we realized that the only method of opening the doors from the inside of our truck was via the Dakota Digital remote fobs. Normally, this wouldn’t prove to be a problem, unless an emergency scenario arose in which the electrical system was damaged or otherwise unresponsive. Being trapped inside a damaged, burning, or otherwise undesirable truck without a mechanical method of extraction sounded like a bad idea. For that end, we looked at Rocky Hinge’s Inside Door Handle Mounting Kit (PN HL002), which is designed for scenarios just like ours. The HL002 features a mechanical activator that accepts the F-1’s square shaft interior door handle and will be attached to the interior side of the door—in our case in the stock door handle location. Activation of the bear claw latch is accomplished via solid rod or cable. With this solved, we had one more slight hiccup as our original door latches were designed only to be pulled from below via the provided 30-pound solenoids. With the addition of the Inside Door Handle Mounting Kit, we needed a set of latches that could also be pulled from the side. Once again, Rocky Hinge had us covered with their bear claw latch (PN BC001A).
Installing bear claw latches isn’t without challenge as it typically requires a slight amount of fabrication and metalwork. Patching the location of the original latch mechanism on the door and installing the new bear claw latches in addition to building up the B-pillar to accept and locate the door strikers are but a few of the tasks to be accomplished. A bit of welding, grinding, and subsequent bodywork will be required. The kit also requires its share of wiring in order to take advantage of the Commander 10K’s full capabilities.
At the end of the day (or two!) not only had we upgraded the old Ford’s poorly latching doors, but we’d cleaned up the exterior of the truck and added a handful of custom capabilities in the form of controlling the doors via remote as well as the upcoming power windows. After previously having to slam the doors on our truck due to the poor, original latches, gently closing them with a solid latch speaks dramatically for the upgrade in the latches alone. The doors shut smoothly and effortlessly, that door gaps are kept consistent, and, most importantly, the upgrade to a bear claw latch means the doors are latched securely. Form, function, and an upgrade in safety? That’s like an installation perfection trifecta!
Here’s the stock door handle that we’re going to be doing away with. Notice the slight sag that’s typical with the early Ford design.
To get our doors latching securely, we’re going to be using a set of bear claw latches from Rocky Hinge. These have two actuating lever locations, which will allow us to activate the latch using either a solenoid mounted below the latch or a mechanical lever mechanism mounted inline.
External activation of our latches, as well as our power windows, will be handled by a Commander 10K kit courtesy of Dakota Digital. It consists of a control module, two remotes, two 35-pound solenoids, and relays. Two sealed emergency-entry buttons are also included that can be mounted on the exterior of the vehicle.
Activating the bear claw latches from inside the cab will be accomplished using a more traditional, mechanical fashion in the form of Rocky Hinge’s Inside Door Handle Mounting Kit. The lever activator will mount to the interior surface of the door and accepts stock Ford door handles and escutcheons, such as the pictured reproduction items from National Parts Depot.
To get started, we need to remove the stock latch and dovetail from each door.
Our doors had been repaired sometime in the past, so a nice smooth surface was already in place, making installation of the new latch a simpler affair.
After careful observation between the door and the B-pillar, I was able to determine the best location for the latch in the door. Here, I’m marking the centerline location where the bear claws will engage the striker.
Centering the latch with the marks on the doorjamb, the first of four mounting holes are marked on the jamb using a drift.
The first hole is then drilled using an “F” drill, which is slightly oversized for the 1/4-inch fasteners used to mount the latch. This will give us some leeway when it comes time to line up the latch with the striker.
The latch is held in place using a 1/4-inch button head fastener while a second hole is transferred and drilled.
The same process is used for the remaining holes. A larger hole, sized to clear the striker, has been drilled at the marked centerlines.
Using the bear claw latch temporarily installed inside the door, the depth required for the striker is determined and marked on the door. A pocket is then cut so that the striker may pass through that section of the door to engage the latch. Two smaller holes drilled at either corner allows the pocket to be easily cut out using a reciprocating saw, connecting the three holes. This results in a pocket with smooth, rounded corners as opposed to rough, pointed corners.
With the work on the doorjamb complete, the latch is installed and our focus it turned to the B-pillar.
Like the door, the B-pillar requires some metalwork before the striker can be installed. Namely, the recess for the stock striker and dovetail need to be removed.
To do so, a patch panel will be fabricated to create a smooth surface similar to the rest of the B-piller. Here a template is made …
… before being transferred to a piece of 18-gauge sheetmetal.
The fitment looks good, so it’s time to weld the panel in place.
To locate where the striker should be mounted, I inserted a Sharpie pen into the door latch (wouldn’t you know it fit!?) and gently closed the door.
The Sharpie trick worked perfectly and not only told me where to mount the striker vertically, but also how far inboard the striker needed to be mounted to allow the door to close completely.
From there, it was a simple matter of drilling a hole to suit the striker and bolting it in place.
Here, you can see the relationship between the latch and striker just as the door is closed.
Inside the door, it’s a simple matter of mounting the 35-pound door solenoids to actuate the latches remotely. A short length of cable connects the latch to the solenoid.
Since the exterior of the door lacks any type of hand hold, a set of door poppers are used to help push the door open once the solenoids actuate the latch.
To open the doors from inside the truck, a mechanical method is preferred. This will be handled via Rocky Hinge’s Inside Door Handle Mounting Kit.
The actuator is mounted in the same spot as the stock door handle and connects to the bear claw latch using a similar cable setup as the solenoid.
I located the Commander 10K control module inside the driver side kick panel, along with the relays for the door latches. Note the relays for the power windows, also installed in the kick panel in preparation for their upcoming installation.
With the door handles gone, the cab of our F-1 looks clean and the doors latch safely and securely, with a nice, even gap around the entire door.
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