#cattle feed export data

[sofia-exim-blogs]

Unlocking the Potential of India's Cattle Feed Industry

India, with its vast agricultural landscape and significant livestock population, has emerged as a major player in the global cattle feed market. The country's cattle feed industry is crucial in supporting the health and productivity of livestock, which in turn boosts dairy and meat production. This article explores the intricacies of the cattle feed sector, focusing on the role of cattle feed exporters in India, the market dynamics involving cattle feed buyers and importers, and the regulatory framework, including the cattle feed HSN code.

The Importance of Cattle Feed in Livestock Management

Cattle feed is essential for ensuring that livestock receives the necessary nutrients to maintain health, growth, and productivity. Proper nutrition enhances milk yield in dairy cattle and improves meat quality in beef cattle. The demand for high-quality cattle feed is growing, driven by increasing livestock numbers and rising awareness about animal health.

Cattle Feed HSN Code

In the global trade of cattle feed, the Harmonized System of Nomenclature (HSN) code is vital for classifying products. The HSN code for cattle feed is 230990. This code helps standardize the classification of goods across international borders, facilitating smooth trade operations. It is essential for cattle feed exporters and importers to correctly use this code to comply with international trade regulations and ensure efficient customs clearance.

Cattle Feed Exporters in India

India is home to several prominent cattle feed exporters who play a significant role in the international market. These exporters supply high-quality feed to various countries, meeting the growing global demand. Indian cattle feed exporters benefit from the country's rich agricultural resources, allowing them to produce diverse and nutrient-rich feed formulations.

Prominent Cattle Feed Suppliers in India

Cattle feed suppliers in India cater to both domestic and international markets. These suppliers include large corporations and smaller enterprises, all contributing to the robust supply chain. They offer a wide range of products, including compound feed, mineral mixtures, and specialty feed for different stages of livestock growth and production. Some of the leading cattle feed suppliers in India are known for their quality standards and innovative feed solutions, helping them build a strong reputation globally.

Key Markets for Indian Cattle Feed

The export markets for Indian cattle feed are diverse, spanning several continents. Major importers of Indian cattle feed include countries in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. These regions rely on Indian feed due to its affordability, quality, and the nutritional benefits it provides to livestock. The strategic location of India also aids in the efficient transportation of feed products to these markets.

Challenges Faced by Cattle Feed Exporters

Despite the growing demand and potential, cattle feed exporters in India face several challenges. These include fluctuating raw material prices, stringent quality standards set by importing countries, and logistical hurdles. Additionally, competition from other cattle feed-producing nations requires Indian exporters to continuously innovate and maintain high standards to stay competitive.

Role of Government and Regulatory Bodies

The Indian government and various regulatory bodies play a crucial role in supporting the cattle feed industry. Policies and subsidies aimed at improving agricultural practices and livestock management indirectly benefit cattle feed production. Furthermore, regulatory frameworks ensure that the quality of cattle feed meets both domestic and international standards, boosting the credibility of Indian products in global markets.

Sustainable Practices in Cattle Feed Production

Sustainability is becoming increasingly important in the cattle feed industry. Indian suppliers are adopting eco-friendly practices to minimize environmental impact. This includes using organic ingredients, reducing the carbon footprint of production processes, and implementing efficient waste management systems. These practices not only benefit the environment but also enhance the marketability of Indian cattle feed in eco-conscious markets.

Innovations in Cattle Feed

Innovation is key to staying competitive in the global cattle feed market. Indian suppliers are investing in research and development to create advanced feed formulations. This includes adding probiotics, enzymes, and other supplements to enhance the nutritional value of feed. Such innovations help improve the health and productivity of livestock, making Indian cattle feed more attractive to buyers and cattle feed importers.

Building Relationships with Cattle Feed Buyers

Establishing and maintaining strong relationships with cattle feed buyers is crucial for exporters. This involves understanding the specific needs and preferences of buyers in different markets and tailoring products accordingly. Effective communication, reliable supply chains, and consistent quality are essential for building trust and long-term partnerships with international buyers.

Logistics and Supply Chain Management

Efficient logistics and supply chain management are vital for the success of cattle feed exporters. Ensuring timely delivery and maintaining the quality of feed during transportation are key challenges. Indian exporters are increasingly leveraging advanced logistics solutions and partnering with reliable transport providers to enhance their supply chain efficiency.

Future Prospects of India's Cattle Feed Industry

The future of India's cattle feed industry looks promising, with continued growth expected in both domestic and international markets. Increasing livestock numbers, rising awareness about animal nutrition, and expanding export markets are driving this growth. By leveraging technological advancements and sustainable practices, Indian cattle feed suppliers can further strengthen their position in the global market.

Conclusion

India's cattle feed industry is a vital component of the country's agricultural and livestock sectors. With a strong base of cattle feed suppliers in India and exporters, India is well-positioned to meet the growing global demand for high-quality feed. By navigating challenges, embracing innovation, and building strong relationships with buyers and importers, Indian cattle feed exporters can unlock new opportunities and contribute to the global livestock industry.

The strategic importance of cattle feed and the proactive efforts of Indian suppliers and exporters ensure that this industry will continue to thrive, supporting both domestic livestock management and international trade.

[anamseair]

Unlock the potential of Indian cattle feed exports with Seair Exim Solutions' comprehensive guide. Explore market insights, export trends, and strategies to capitalize on lucrative opportunities in the global market.

[exportimportdata3]

Explore opportunities in India's thriving cattle feed export market with Seair Exim Solutions. Gain valuable insights, export statistics, and strategies for finding buyers. Uncover the latest trends and top exporters to maximize your business potential. Schedule a demo today.

[allthebrazilianpolitics]

More than 800m Amazon trees felled in six years to meet beef demand

Investigation involving Guardian shows systematic and vast forest loss linked to cattle farming in Brazil

More than 800m trees have been cut down in the Amazon rainforest in just six years to feed the world’s appetite for Brazilian beef, according to a new investigation, despite dire warnings about the forest’s importance in fighting the climate crisis.

A data-driven investigation by the Bureau of Investigative Journalism (TBIJ), the Guardian, Repórter Brasil and Forbidden Stories shows systematic and vast forest loss linked to cattle farming.

The beef industry in Brazil has consistently pledged to avoid farms linked to deforestation. However, the data suggests that 1.7m hectares (4.2m acres) of the Amazon was destroyed near meat plants exporting beef around the world.

The investigation is part of Forbidden Stories’ Bruno and Dom project. It continues the work of Bruno Pereira, an Indigenous peoples expert, and Dom Phillips, a journalist who was a longtime contributor to the Guardian​​. The two men were killed in the Amazon last year.

Continue reading.

[notjustanyannie]

More than 800m trees have been cut down in the Amazon rainforest in just six years to feed the world’s appetite for Brazilian beef, according to a new investigation, despite dire warnings about the forest’s importance in fighting the climate crisis.

A data-driven investigation by the Bureau of Investigative Journalism (TBIJ), the Guardian, Repórter Brasil and Forbidden Stories shows systematic and vast forest loss linked to cattle farming.

The beef industry in Brazil has consistently pledged to avoid farms linked to deforestation. However, the data suggests that 1.7m hectares (4.2m acres) of the Amazon was destroyed near meat plants exporting beef around the world.

The investigation is part of Forbidden Stories’ Bruno and Dom project. It continues the work of Bruno Pereira, an Indigenous peoples expert, and Dom Phillips, a journalist who was a longtime contributor to the Guardian​​. The two men were killed in the Amazon last year.

Deforestation across Brazil soared between 2019 and 2022 under the then president, Jair Bolsonaro, with cattle ranching being the number one cause. The new administration of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva has promised to curb the destruction.

[hasanyoneseenmyspoons]

More than 800m trees have been cut down in the Amazon rainforest in just six years to feed the world’s appetite for Brazilian beef, according to a new investigation, despite dire warnings about the forest’s importance in fighting the climate crisis.

A data-driven investigation by the Bureau of Investigative Journalism (TBIJ), the Guardian, Repórter Brasil and Forbidden Stories shows systematic and vast forest loss linked to cattle farming.

The beef industry in Brazil has consistently pledged to avoid farms linked to deforestation. However, the data suggests that 1.7m hectares (4.2m acres) of the Amazon was destroyed near meat plants exporting beef around the world.

The investigation is part of Forbidden Stories’ Bruno and Dom project. It continues the work of Bruno Pereira, an Indigenous peoples expert, and Dom Phillips, a journalist who was a longtime contributor to the Guardian​​. The two men were killed in the Amazon last year.

Deforestation across Brazil soared between 2019 and 2022 under the then president, Jair Bolsonaro, with cattle ranching being the number one cause. The new administration of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva has promised to curb the destruction.

[chemanalystdata]

Tallow Fatty Acid Prices | Pricing | Trend | News | Database | Chart | Forecast

Tallow Fatty Acid are derived from the fat of cattle and sheep, primarily as a byproduct of the meat industry. As a versatile feedstock, these fatty acids play a crucial role in various applications, including the production of soaps, detergents, cosmetics, lubricants, and biofuels. The market for tallow fatty acids has seen significant fluctuations in prices due to various factors, including supply and demand dynamics, geopolitical influences, and changes in production processes.

In recent years, the global demand for tallow fatty acids has increased as industries seek sustainable and renewable materials. The surge in popularity of bio-based products has positioned tallow fatty acids as an attractive alternative to petrochemical derivatives. This shift toward sustainability is particularly evident in the personal care and cosmetics sectors, where natural ingredients are increasingly favored. As a result, the demand for tallow fatty acids is anticipated to continue growing, potentially influencing their market prices positively.

On the supply side, tallow fatty acids are affected by the livestock industry’s performance. The price of tallow fatty acids is closely linked to the price of beef and lamb, as fluctuations in livestock prices can impact the availability of raw materials. When livestock prices are high, it often results in higher tallow prices as producers can charge more for their products. Conversely, when livestock prices decline, the price of tallow fatty acids may follow suit, leading to a drop in market prices.

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Another significant factor influencing tallow fatty acid prices is the regulatory environment surrounding the meat and fat industries. As countries implement stricter regulations on animal farming and environmental practices, production costs may rise. These increased costs can be passed down the supply chain, leading to higher prices for tallow fatty acids. Additionally, any geopolitical tensions that affect trade relations can impact prices. For instance, trade barriers or tariffs imposed on livestock exports can result in supply shortages, driving up the cost of tallow fatty acids.

Market trends also play a crucial role in shaping the price of tallow fatty acids. The rise in consumer awareness regarding sustainability and environmental issues has led many companies to adopt more eco-friendly practices. This trend has spurred innovation in the tallow fatty acid market, with companies exploring new methods of production and applications. As businesses look to differentiate themselves in an increasingly competitive market, the demand for high-quality tallow fatty acids may increase, potentially raising prices.

The impact of global economic conditions cannot be overlooked when considering tallow fatty acid prices. Economic downturns or recessions can lead to decreased consumer spending, resulting in lower demand for products that utilize tallow fatty acids. In contrast, economic recovery can boost demand, driving prices up. Moreover, fluctuations in oil prices can influence the competitive landscape. As oil prices rise, the cost of petrochemical products also increases, making bio-based alternatives like tallow fatty acids more appealing. This dynamic can result in higher prices for tallow fatty acids, as industries shift toward renewable materials.

Seasonality is another aspect that affects tallow fatty acid prices. Seasonal changes in livestock production, such as calving and lambing periods, can lead to variations in the supply of tallow. During peak production times, an influx of raw materials can lead to lower prices, while off-peak periods may cause supply constraints, pushing prices higher. Additionally, the agricultural cycles can also influence livestock feed costs, which in turn can affect the overall profitability of tallow production.

Technological advancements in processing methods are also contributing to the evolving landscape of tallow fatty acid pricing. Improved extraction and refining techniques have made it possible to produce tallow fatty acids more efficiently, potentially lowering production costs. However, if technological advancements lead to higher quality products that meet specific market needs, it could also justify higher prices. Companies that invest in research and development to create innovative applications for tallow fatty acids may command a premium in the market.

In the context of sustainability, the concept of circular economy is becoming increasingly relevant. This approach encourages the repurposing of byproducts, such as tallow from the meat industry, for other applications. By promoting the use of tallow fatty acids in various sectors, businesses can contribute to reducing waste and enhancing resource efficiency. This trend could drive demand further, potentially leading to increased prices in the long run.

To navigate the complexities of tallow fatty acid pricing, market participants must stay informed about industry developments and global trends. This includes keeping abreast of changes in consumer preferences, advancements in production technologies, and regulatory updates. Companies that can adapt quickly to changing market dynamics will be better positioned to capitalize on opportunities and mitigate risks associated with price fluctuations.

In summary, the pricing of tallow fatty acids is influenced by a myriad of factors, including supply and demand dynamics, market trends, economic conditions, and technological advancements. As industries increasingly prioritize sustainability and renewable materials, the demand for tallow fatty acids is expected to grow. However, market participants must remain vigilant and adaptable to the factors that can lead to price volatility. By understanding the interconnectedness of these elements, businesses can make informed decisions that optimize their operations in the tallow fatty acid market.

Get Real Time Prices for Tallow Fatty Acid: https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/tallow-fatty-acid-36

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[vipinmishra]

Vietnam Cattle Feed Market: Dairy Cattle to Remain Dominant through 2028

Growing demand for animal protein and increasing awareness of animal welfare is expected to drive the growth of Vietnam Cattle Feed Market in the forecast period, 2024-2028.

According to TechSci Research report, “Vietnam Cattle Feed Market - By Region, Competition Forecast and Opportunities, 2018-2028,” the Vietnam Cattle Feed Market is anticipated to grow at a steady rate in the forecast period, 2024-2028. The Vietnam cattle feed market is a rapidly growing industry, driven by a combination of factors such as rising demand for animal protein, increasing industrialization of livestock production, and the need for improved feed quality and nutrition.

Vietnam is one of the fastest-growing economies in Southeast Asia, and its livestock sector has grown significantly over the past decade. The country is a major exporter of livestock products, including meat and dairy products, and has seen significant investments in feed production and processing.

The market for cattle feed in Vietnam is dominated by a few large players, with most of the feed production concentrated in the southern part of the country. The main types of feed produced in Vietnam are concentrate feed, forage, and mixed feed. Concentrate feed is the most popular type, as it contains a high concentration of nutrients and is suitable for feeding cattle in confined systems.

The Vietnam Cattle Feed Market can be segmented by animal type, by ingredients, by region and competitive landscape.

The Vietnam Cattle Feed Market can be divided into Dairy Cattle, Beef Cattle, Others, based on animal type. Dairy Cattle segment is expected to grow in the forecast period owing to the growing demand for dairy products, higher profitability, government support, increased investment in dairy feed production, and improved genetics. As the Vietnamese population becomes more affluent, there is a growing demand for dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt. This has led to an increase in the number of dairy farms and the need for more dairy cattle. 

Browse over XX market data Figures spread through 70 Pages and an in-depth TOC on "Vietnam Cattle Feed Market" https://www.techsciresearch.com/report/vietnam-cattle-feed-market/15203.html

Dairy cattle are generally more profitable than beef cattle because they produce milk, which can be sold for a higher price than beef. In addition, dairy cattle can be milked for several years, while beef cattle are typically sold after one or two years. With the growing demand for dairy products, there has been an increase in investment in dairy feed production in Vietnam. This has led to the development of new feed formulations and technologies that are specifically designed for dairy cattle.

The Vietnam Cattle Feed Market is divided into Corn, Soyabean Meal, Wheat, Oilseeds, Additives, Others, based on ingredients. The Corn segment is expected to acquire the largest share in the coming years due to availability of raw materials, nutritional value, high demand, and stable prices. Corn is one of the most widely used ingredients in cattle feed production, and its demand is expected to continue to grow as the livestock industry expands in Vietnam.

This is particularly true for the dairy cattle segment, which requires a high-energy diet to maintain milk production. Corn can be used in a variety of feed formulations, from concentrate feeds to forage and mixed feeds. It can be utilized in various kinds of cattle feed. Energy-dense maize is a great source of fiber, protein, and other vital nutrients.  It provides the necessary energy for cattle to grow and maintain their body weight, making it a critical component of cattle feed.

The Vietnam Cattle Feed Market is divided into Northern, Central, Southern, based on region.

Major companies operating in Vietnam Cattle Feed Market are:

CJ Vina Agri Co., Ltd.

C.P. Vietnam Corporation

GreenFeed Vietnam Corporation

Anova Feed Joint Stock Company

Dabaco Group Joint Stock Company

Hoang Long Livestock Production One Member Limited Liability Company

Mavin Group Joint Stock Company

De Heus Animal Nutrition Vietnam

BASF Vietnam Co., Ltd.

Cargill Vietnam

Download Free Sample Report https://www.techsciresearch.com/sample-report.aspx?cid=15203

Customers can also request 10% free customization in this report.

“The Vietnam cattle feed market is a rapidly growing industry, driven by increasing demand for animal protein. The adoption of precision fermentation technology and expansion of the dairy industry are also key trends in the market. However, the high production costs, feed quality and safety issues, and limited availability of raw materials pose significant challenges to the industry.

Nevertheless, with investments in research and technology, and the development of the supply chain, the Vietnam cattle feed market presents significant growth opportunities for producers and investors.” said Mr. Karan Chechi, Research Director with TechSci Research, a research based global management consulting firm.

“Vietnam Cattle Feed Market By Animal Type (Dairy Cattle, Beef Cattle, Others), By Ingredients (Corn, Soyabean Meal, Wheat, Oilseeds, Additives, Others), Region, Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2018-2028F,” has evaluated the future growth potential of Vietnam Cattle Feed Market and provides statistics & information on market size, structure, and future market growth. The report intends to provide cutting-edge market intelligence and help decision makers take sound investment decisions. Besides, the report also identifies and analyzes the emerging trends along with essential drivers, challenges, and opportunities in Vietnam Cattle Feed Market.

Browse Related Research

UAE Vertical Farming Market https://www.techsciresearch.com/report/uae-vertical-farming-market/10654.html UAE Fertilizer Market https://www.techsciresearch.com/report/uae-fertilizer-market/10671.html UAE Pesticides Market https://www.techsciresearch.com/report/uae-pesticides-market/14703.html

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[packaginginsight]

Modified Starch Market Global Trends, and Opportunities Forecast by 2031

Modified Starch Market Scope & Overview

The global Modified Starch Market research study offers an in-depth look of the industry's current and future state. The report is based on comprehensive primary and secondary research and includes all market data. The analysis also covers statistics by type, industry, channel, and other criteria, as well as market volume and value for each category. The leading companies in the market, distributors, and the overall structure of the industrial chain are all examined in the report. It also assesses the variables and criteria that may influence market growth.

The world economy was impacted by the coronavirus pandemic. A number of market conditions have changed. According to the Modified Starch research report, the market is rapidly evolving, and the influence is being analyzed both in current phase and in the future scenario. For the forecast period, the report includes accurate numbers for the industry's market size, share, production capacity, demand, and growth. This is the most recent COVID-19 market effect analysis study.

Get a Sample Report https://www.snsinsider.com/checkout/1321

Market Key Players:

Sms Corporation, Global Bio-Chem Technology Group Company Limited,  Ingredion Incorporated , Archer Daniel Midlands Company , Cargill Incorporated , Tate & Lyle , Avebe u.a., Tereos , Lyckeby And Avebe).

Market Segmentation

The Modified Starch research study discusses market segmentation by product type, application, end-user, and geography. The study investigates the industry's growth objectives, as well as cost awareness and manufacturing processes. The market study comprises a basic industry overview, as well as classification, definition, and, as a result, the supply and demand chain structure. Global marketing data, competitive climate surveys, growth rates, and crucial development status information are all part of global research.

By Raw Material:

Potato

Corn

Cassava

Wheat

Other raw materials (rice bran, waxy maize etc.)

By Application:

Food & beverages

Bakery & confectionery

Beverages

Processed food

Other food & beverages applications*(desserts, sauces, dressings etc.)

Feed

Ruminant feed

Swine feed

Poultry feed

Other feed applications (cattle feed etc.)

Industrial

Paper making

Weaving & textiles

Medicines & pharmaceuticals

Cosmetics

Other industrial applications(personal care, hygiene etc.)

By form:

Dry

Liquid

By modification type:

Physical modification

Hydrothermal

Non-hydrothermal

Chemical modification

Cationic starch

Etherified starch

Esterified starch

Enzymatic modification

By function:

Stabilizers

Emulsifiers

Binders

Other functions

Regional Analysis

North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World are the regions that make up the Modified Starch market. Research covers everything from production and consumer ratios to market size and market share, import and export ratios, supply and demand, consumer demand ratios, technological advancements, research and development, infrastructure development, economic growth, and a strong market presence in every region. The geographical research will aid players in identifying lucrative markets where they may cash in on new prospects.

Competitive Outlook

The Modified Starch market study focuses on the most noteworthy acquisitions, collaborations, and product launches in the sector. The study report employs advanced research methodologies such as SWOT and Porter's Five Forces analysis to provide deeper insights into important players. The research offers a detailed overview of the worldwide competitive environment as well as key insights into the major rivals and their expansion ambitions. It also contains crucial information on financial conditions, worldwide positioning, product portfolios, revenue and gross profit margins, as well as technological and research breakthroughs.

Buy the Research Report Now https://www.snsinsider.com/checkout/1321

About Us:

SNS Insider is one of the leading Market Size research and consulting agencies that dominates the Market Size research industry globally. Our company's aim is to give clients the knowledge they require in order to function in changing circumstances. In order to give you current, accurate Market Size data, consumer insights, and opinions so that you can make decisions with confidence, we employ a variety of techniques, including surveys, video talks, and focus groups around the world.

[newstfionline]

Wednesday, January 31, 2024

Today’s Teenagers: Anxious About Their Futures and Disillusioned by Politicians (NYT) Although it has never been easy to be a teenager, the current generation of young Americans feels particularly apprehensive, new polling shows—anxious about their lives, disillusioned about the direction of the country and pessimistic about their futures. Just one-third of respondents ages 12 to 17 said things were going well for children and teenagers today, in a survey published Monday by Common Sense Media, a children’s advocacy group. Less than half said they thought they would be better off than their parents when they grew up—a downbeat view shared among teenagers in many rich countries, other data shows. It’s not just about teenage angst. A different survey, by Gallup and the Walton Family Foundation, the latest installment of which was also released Monday, has asked questions of young people over time and looked at how their answers have changed. Members of Gen Z, ages 12 to 27, are significantly less likely to rate their current and future lives highly than millennials were when they were the same age, it found. Among those 18 to 26, just 15 percent said their mental health was excellent. That is a large decline from both 2013 and 2003, when just over half said so.

‘Pandemic of snow’ in Anchorage sets a record for the earliest arrival of 100 inches of snow (AP) Even by Alaska standards, there’s a lot of snow this winter. So much snow has fallen—so far, more than 8.5 feet (2.6 meters)—that roofs on commercial buildings are collapsing around Anchorage and officials are urging residents to break out their shovels to avoid a similar fate at home. Over the weekend, there was nearly 16 more inches (41 centimeters) of snowfall, pushing Alaska’s largest city past the 100-inch (254-centimeters) mark earlier than at any other time in its history. The city is well on track to break its all-time record of 134.5 inches (342 centimeters).

Prisoners in the US are part of a hidden workforce linked to hundreds of popular food brands (AP) A hidden path to America’s dinner tables begins at an unlikely source—a former Southern slave plantation that is now the country’s largest maximum-security prison. Unmarked trucks packed with prison-raised cattle roll out of the Louisiana State Penitentiary, where men are sentenced to hard labor and forced to work, for pennies an hour or sometimes nothing at all. After rumbling down a country road to an auction house, the cows are bought by a local rancher and then followed by The Associated Press another 600 miles to a Texas slaughterhouse that feeds into the supply chains of giants like McDonald’s, Walmart and Cargill. Intricate, invisible webs, just like this one, link some of the world’s largest food companies and most popular brands to jobs performed by U.S. prisoners nationwide, according to a sweeping two-year AP investigation into prison labor that tied hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of agricultural products to goods sold on the open market. The goods these prisoners produce wind up in the supply chains of a dizzying array of products found in most American kitchens, from Frosted Flakes cereal and Ball Park hot dogs to Gold Medal flour, Coca-Cola and Riceland rice. They are on the shelves of virtually every supermarket in the country, including Kroger, Target, Aldi and Whole Foods. And some goods are exported, including to countries that have had products blocked from entering the U.S. for using forced or prison labor.

France’s protesting farmers encircle Paris with tractor barricades (AP) In the words of Mao Zedong, “the countryside surrounds the city.” Who would’ve thought that a group of capitalist farmers in France asking the government to deregulate the agricultural sector would be the ones to take those words to heart? On Monday, farmers from across France descended on Paris in their tractors, setting up roadblocks with their vehicles and hay bales hoping to pressure the government into supporting the already-well-subsidized farming industry even further. They claim that the government has overregulated the industry, which is also suffering from cheap imports from less-regulated countries like Ukraine. The encirclement of Paris is a response to concessions offered up by the government last week, which farmers say did not go far enough to make their jobs easier or more lucrative.

For Europe and NATO, a Russian Invasion Is No Longer Unthinkable (NYT) President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia once proclaimed the dissolution of the Soviet empire “the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th century.” At the time, back in 2005, few expected him to do anything about it. But then came Russia’s occupation of Abkhazia and South Ossetia from Georgia in 2008, its backing for Ukrainian separatists and the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and, most resoundingly, the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Now, with the rise of former President Donald J. Trump, who in the past has vowed to leave NATO and recently threatened never to come to the aid of his alliance allies, concerns are rising among European nations that Mr. Putin could invade a NATO nation over the coming decade and that they might have to face his forces without U.S. support. That could happen in as few as five years after a conclusion of the war in Ukraine, according to some officials and experts who believe that would be enough time for Moscow to rebuild and rearm its military.

China sees two ‘bowls of poison’ in Biden and Trump and ponders who is the lesser of two evils (AP) As the U.S. presidential campaign moves closer to a Donald Trump-Joe Biden rematch, China is watching uneasily. First, there are concerns about the campaign itself, where candidates are likely to talk tough on China. That could threaten the fragile improvements in U.S.-China relations seen in recent months. Then there’s the outcome of the November vote. Neither candidate is particularly appealing to Beijing. While Biden has looked for areas of cooperation with China, Beijing is concerned about his efforts to unite allies in the Indo-Pacific in a coalition against China. It’s also nervous about his approach to Taiwan after he has repeatedly said he would have U.S. troops defend it in a conflict with China. Trump, with his isolationist approach to foreign policy, might be more hesitant to defend Taiwan. But nothing can be ruled out given his unpredictability and his tough rhetoric on China, which he blames for the COVID-19 outbreak that dogged the end of his term. He also could deepen a trade war that hasn’t eased since his presidency. “For China, no matter who won the U.S. presidential election, they would be two ‘bowls of poison’,” said Zhao Minghao, a professor of international relations at Fudan University in Shanghai.

The Middle East’s arc of conflict is spiraling (Washington Post) As much as the White House may be seeking restraint, events on the ground in the Middle East are accelerating in a worrying direction. Israel continues its onslaught in Gaza. Meanwhile, flash points are erupting elsewhere in the shadow of the ongoing war. Yemen’s Houthi rebels have paralyzed global shipping moving through the Red Sea and provoked a U.S.-led bombing campaign. Israel has engaged in limited strikes against Hezbollah in Lebanon and Iran-linked targets in Syria, including an attack Monday south of Damascus that killed several people, according to reports. Then, there’s the most immediate challenge for Washington: An Iraq-based, pro-Iran militia claimed responsibility for a drone attack at the end of the weekend that killed three U.S. troops and wounded at least 34 others at a base along the Jordanian border with Syria. It’s likely the deadliest attack on U.S. troops since October, as militia groups affiliated with Iran in both Iraq and Syria have carried out at least 160 attacks on U.S. military targets. The U.S. has carried out dozens of its own retaliatory strikes. Leaders in the region warn of a widening arc of violence.

Tunnels, Landlines, Handwritten Notes: How Hamas Communication Evades Detection (Worldcrunch) As the Israel-Hamas war drags on in Gaza, which has been mostly leveled, the leaders of the Palestinian militant group have gone underground. Many outsiders are curious about how they communicate with one other and the outside world, especially the group’s leaders in exile and mediators. Securing communication is a major dilemma for Hamas leaders and commanders on the ground, as Israel continues its war campaign with the aim of crushing the group. The Saudi-owned, London-based daily Asharq al-Awsat reported on January 22 that Hamas leaders use a secret communications system that began with a private landline system, before they resorted to hand-to-hand written messages. The technology used to develop the system was likely smuggled via the group’s network of tunnels. The Qassam Brigades installed underground lines connected with old landlines in certain points across Gaza. Hamas used to examine the system regularly to prevent potential breaches. Each Hamas political or military leader has his own contact point with a specific number that is used for emergency communication, the sources told Asharq al-Awsat. Israel is aware of the system and has unsuccessfully tried to hack it multiple times.

Desperate and despairing, parents tap sleuth to find Kenya’s lost children (Washington Post) When Leroy Blessing went missing, his family panicked. The autistic 9-year-old could not talk to strangers easily, and police in his native Kenya scoffed when his desperate parents sought help, saying he was old enough to look after himself. Then Maryana Munyendo stepped in. She heads Missing Child Kenya Foundation, an alliance of voluntary sleuths tracking down missing children. She plastered up posters and blasted social media. A stranger called two days later with the boy’s whereabouts. Since setting up the group in 2016, Munyendo said she and her two-person team have reunited 1,055 children with their families out of the 1,551 missing children that parents have reported to her. Another 153 were sent to government homes and 28 were declared deceased, leaving 315 active files. Kenya has an epidemic of missing children. Police did not respond to inquiries on statistics, and there’s no national database on missing children. But in May the cabinet secretary for labor and social protection, Florence Bore, said in a speech that 6,841 children were reported missing from July 2022 to May 2023. Only 1,296 have been reunited with their families, she said.

Global anti-corruption efforts are faltering, partly due to a ‘decline in justice,’ survey finds (AP) Efforts to fight public sector corruption are faltering around the world, in part because a “global decline in justice and the rule of law since 2016,” according to a corruption index released Tuesday. Transparency International, which compiles the annual Corruption Perceptions Index, found 23 countries at their worst level since the global ranking began almost three decades ago, including both high-ranking democracies and authoritarian states. On the reported decline in justice, the group said that “the rise of authoritarianism in some countries contributes to this trend, and even in democratic contexts, the mechanisms that keep governments in check have weakened.”

Neuralink implanted a device in a patient’s brain, Musk says (NYT) Neuralink, a company working to develop computer interfaces that can be implanted in human brains, placed its first device in a patient on Sunday, said its founder, Elon Musk. Mr. Musk, the billionaire chief executive of Tesla and SpaceX, said on Monday that the company’s first product was called Telepathy and would allow a human to control a phone or computer “just by thinking.” “Initial users will be those who have lost the use of their limbs,” Mr. Musk wrote in a series of posts on X, his social media platform.

[wordexpress]

Milk Gives Government A Headache As Prices Soar Ahead of 2024 Polls

The average retail price of milk in India has increased by 12% from a year ago to 57.15 rupees ($0.6962) a liter.

Milk is ubiquitous in India - from the morning glassful that most middle class school kids glug to its use in Hindu religious rituals. Now it could become a headache for Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government as prices soar.

The average retail price of milk in India has increased by 12% from a year ago to 57.15 rupees ($0.6962) a liter. A mix of factors is at play - a jump in the cost of cereals has made cattle feed more expensive coupled with lower dairy yields as cows were inadequately fed due to the pandemic rupturing demand at the time.

In turn, milk - which has the second-largest weight in India's food basket - pushes up overall inflation as well. India's headline inflation for March fell below the central bank's target of 6% as high interest rates cooled overall demand, according to data released Wednesday. However, milk inflation trended higher than the overall figure at 9.31%.

High prices of milk and related products - emotive items that most poor families aspire to and wealthier people see as indicators of status - have the potential of becoming a political risk for Modi's government ahead of national elections next summer.

"This trend of higher milk prices is problematic, since it is a highly price elastic product and has a direct impact on consumption," said R.S. Sodhi, president of the Indian Dairy Association.

For now, the demand-supply mismatch has helped a rally among dairy stocks in India as analysts expect this situation can help organized players expand their share of overall market in India.

However, Sodhi said the balance sheet of dairy companies may eventually come under stress as the cost of procurement is rising. One factor is the increase in the prices of cereals and rice bran, ingredients used in animal feed, which is discouraging farmers from feeding their cattle sufficiently and is reflecting in milk prices that have risen 12%-15% during winter months, he said.

Unseasonal rain and heat waves have also contributed to this jump in feed prices. Cereal inflation came in at 15.27% for March 2023.

But trouble was brewing even before prices of cattle feed began to rise.

When the coronavirus pandemic hit and India introduced one of the world's strictest lockdowns, demand for milk and milk products dipped as many restaurants and sweet shops were forced to shut down either temporarily or permanently.

India accounts for almost a quarter of the world's milk supplies, but those massive volumes are produced in large part by tens of millions of small farmers who maintain modest numbers of animals. The drop in demand meant they were unable to feed their livestock well.

"A cow has to be fed irrespective of whatever quantity of milk it is giving and this is a pressure point for the producer," said Jayen Mehta, who heads India's largest dairy cooperative, Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation, which owns the iconic Amul brand.

And while the South Asian nation consumes the bulk of the milk it produces, exports have also been rising, especially once the global virus disruption eased and demand for milk products picked up across the the world. India exported dairy products worth about $391.59 million in the 2021-22 fiscal year compared to $321.96 million in the year before that.

"In terms of the outlook for this year, we believe that milk prices will continue to increase, since there is a shortage of milk heading into the peak demand season," Madhavi Arora, economist at Emkay Global wrote in a report this month.

Demand for ice cream and yogurt jumps as summer temperatures soar. That's followed by the season of Hindu festivals, which starts around September - milk-based sweets are a holiday staple - and carries on for the next few months.

While Modi revamped a food program to make monthly rice and wheat rations free for about 800 million Indians, higher prices of other kitchen staples add to the pressure on his government to do more to help citizens cope with the rising costs of living. That's crucial as he prepares to seek reelection next year in a country that has by far the largest number of poor people worldwide.

"It's an issue that affects ordinary people rightly," said Neerja Chowdhury, a New Delhi-based political columnist. "But whether it becomes a poll issue depends on the opposition, how effectively they can use it and make it into a right issue that make people vote in a particular way."

Analysts expect Modi to win as the opposition remains in disarray. But the government may still have to do some heavy-lifting to beat back price pressures, given the Reserve Bank of India has already paused monetary tightening amid mounting growth risks.

While economists expect overall inflation to ease going ahead, things are not looking up for this staple. India's central bank last week said that prices of milk may continue to be firm going into the summer season due to tight demand-supply balance and fodder cost pressures.

Amul's Mehta describes it as walking a tight rope. On one hand, it is about limiting the impact of inflation on consumers for an essential item, while simultaneously ensuring producers get a fair price to encourage them to continue producing milk, he said.

For now, even middle class families are tweaking their milk consumption. Ruchika Thakur, a lawyer and a parent to a five-year-old, says cutting down on milk purchases is not an option so she's started buying cheaper options to tackle the surge in cost.

"I think twice before making that extra cup of coffee," she said, adding that there is no room for buying more, especially for a family of eight who consume three liters of milk each day.

[anamseair]

https://www.seair.co.in/blog/finding-buyers-for-cattle-feed-export-from-india.aspx

Discover expert strategies for tapping into lucrative international markets with Seair Exim Solutions' latest blog post, 'Finding Buyers for Cattle Feed Export from India.' Learn actionable insights to enhance your export endeavors and maximize profitability in the competitive global cattle feed industry.

[and-then-there-were-n0ne]

On 25 March 2014, the top executives of the Brazilian meat giant JBS were in New York for the company’s annual “JBS Day,” where they announced the year’s financial results. The world’s largest producer of meat had a triumphant message for Wall Street: global meat consumption is going up and JBS is going to profit immensely from this growth. The Brazil—based company told shareholders that a pillar of its strategy is a projected 30 percent increase in per capita global meat consumption to 48 kg by 2030, up from 37 kg per person in 1999.

JBS neglected to tell its investors about a critical problem with its growth strategy: climate change. If global meat production were to expand to 48 kg per capita, it would become impossible to keep global temperatures from rising to dangerous levels. To put the JBS numbers in perspective, a new Greenpeace report finds that average per capita meat consumption must fall to 22 kg by 2030, and then to 16 kg by 2050, to avoid dangerous climate change.

If we are to reach the 1.5 °C goal, total global emissions must rapidly decline from 51 gigatons to 13 gigatons8 by 2050. If energy, transport, and other sectors successfully cut emissions in line with the Paris objectives while meat and dairy companies continue to increase production, the livestock sector will account for a larger and larger portion of the world’s available GHG emissions budget of 13 gigatons. Under a business—as—usual scenario, the livestock sector could eat up over 80 percent of the budget, making it virtually impossible to keep temperatures from rising to dangerous levels past 1.5 °C.

In direct contradiction to JBS’s outlook for strong growth, the imperatives of climate change necessitate a significant scaling back of production from the world’s largest meat and dairy companies without delay. […]

Unlike their counterparts in the energy sector, the big meat and dairy companies have thus far escaped public scrutiny of their contribution to climate change. The lack of public information on the magnitude of their GHG footprints is one contributing factor. GRAIN and IATP have reviewed the efforts undertaken by the world’s 35 largest beef, pork, poultry, and dairy companies to quantify their GHG emissions. We found the publicly available data on their emissions to be incomplete, not comparable between companies or years and, in the majority of cases, simply absent (Figure 9). Only four companies—NH Foods (Japan), Nestlé (Switzerland), Friesland Campina (the Netherlands) and Danone (France)—provide complete, credible emissions estimates. However, under the current circumstances, even these four are not obligated to reduce these emissions. Most of the companies that do report emissions have seriously underreported them and have not included most of their supply chain emissions in their calculations.

These supply chain emissions, covering everything from the production of animal feed crops to the methane released by cattle, generally account for 80–90 percent of meat and dairy emissions. […]

In the absence of comprehensive, transparent data from the largest companies, GRAIN and IATP made approximate calculations of the emissions from the meat and dairy divisions of these companies. […] The numbers are shocking: the combined emissions of the top five companies are on par with those of ExxonMobil and significantly higher than those of Shell or BP (Figure 4). Taken together, the top 20 meat and dairy industry emitters produce more emissions than many OECD countries (Figure 5).

Any scenario that brings global meat and dairy production and emissions in line with a 1.5 °C pathway requires significant cuts in emissions by the surplus protein countries’ largest meat and dairy companies. Despite this imperative, there is no comprehensive reporting system across the sector, nor have many companies pledged to reduce net emissions.

Of the top 35 meat and dairy companies, 14 have announced some form of emission reduction targets. But of these 14, just six have comprehensive targets covering the full range of emissions associated with livestock production. The remaining eight companies specify reduction targets that appear to be limited to emissions produced only by their direct operations, such as offices, processing plants, company vehicles or other business activities, as opposed to animal and feed production. Excluding emissions from animal raising and feed production can underrepresent the overall emissions of meat and dairy processing companies by over 80 percent. […]

Not only are the three largest conglomerates in the industrial meat and dairy sector—JBS, Tyson and Cargill—the largest global emitters, but they also have the weakest targets, or no targets at all. JBS, the world’s largest livestock processor, has no publicly stated medium— or long—term company—wide emission reduction targets. Although JBS claims to report on Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions, its total reported emissions are approximately three percent of those calculated by GRAIN and IATP, which are based on the company’s annual production volumes (Figure 9B). Either the company has excluded most of its supply chain emissions from its calculations, or its publicly reported emissions data is inaccurate. U.S.—based Tyson announced in 2018 that it would reduce its GHG emissions by 30% between 2015 and 2030. Tyson does not report on its supply chain emissions, nor does its reduction target include them. Finally, Cargill, the largest private company in the U.S. and the second largest meat processor worldwide, appears to be following a model similar to Tyson’s: it too fails to report on supply chain emissions or include them in reduction targets. Cargill’s exclusion of these emissions from reduction targets is particularly noteworthy given the company’s own admission that they “account for roughly 90 percent of emissions across [its] value chain.”

The only common element in this jumble of corporate promises and inaction on climate change is a commitment to growth. Tyson expects annual growth of 3–4 percent from beef and poultry sales, while Marfrig targeted 7.5–9.5 percent annual growth for 2015–2018. This target was set prior to the company’s acquisition of U.S.—based National Beef, making it the second largest beef processor in the world.38 Danish dairy giant Arla plans to add 2 billion kg of milk to its European supply chain between 2015–2020—a 14 percent increase. As already mentioned, Fonterra projects a stunning 40 percent increase in its processed milk volume for 2015–2025. […]

Emissions intensity targets count emissions per kilogram of meat or milk, but they do nothing to curtail overall growth in company emissions, sales, processing volumes, revenues, or profits. While intensity may be kept in check or even reduced, total emissions will continue to rise in tandem with production. It is easy to see why corporations focus on reducing intensity rather than reducing total emissions. […]

Arguments for emissions intensity reduction in the absence of targets to reduce the livestock sector’s total emissions are dangerous, because reducing emissions per unit of food is simply inadequate. Over the past century, farmers and corporations have reduced the emissions intensity of livestock production and processing, but these gains have been overwhelmed by increases in absolute emissions as a result of the doubling, and then the quadrupling, of production and consumption. We are emitting less per kilogram, but overall, we are emitting more GHGs because we are producing and consuming many, many more total kilograms.

Consider the case of chicken. In 2010, the global average GHG emissions per kilogram of chicken were one—third to one—half what they were in 1961.65 But the total GHG emissions from chicken production in 2010 were nearly five times higher than in 1961.66 The reason? Overall chicken production was higher—nearly 11 times higher than in 1961, or five times higher on a per capita basis. As emissions intensity was falling, emissions were rising. Even taking population growth into account, the average person was simply eating much more meat than before.

It is hard to overstate the omnipresence of big meat and dairy executives in government policy circles and their corresponding influence on agriculture and climate change policy. In the U.S., both of the top officials nominated by President Trump to deal with climate change—Sonny Perdue, as the Secretary of Agriculture, and Scott Pruitt, as the former head of the Environmental Protection Agency—are climate sceptics with close ties to the agribusiness lobby. Meanwhile, as an example of the revolving door between government and agribusiness, the Secretary of Agriculture under President Obama, Tom Vilsack, is now the CEO of the U.S. dairy export lobby.

In Brazil, the Minister of Agriculture, Blairo Maggi, is one of the country’s largest producers of animal feed crops, with a personal business interest in expanding Brazil’s meat and dairy industry. Last year, he publicly warned the FAO not to recommend reductions in meat consumption because of climate change.

[lovingninjablaze]

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Why Is Skill Important In Hindi. * लोन के लिए कौन से दस्तावेज जरूरी होंगे Which Documents Will Be Necessary For The Loan. *पर्सनल लोन कैसे लेते हैं पूरी जानकारी How To Take A Personal Loan Full Information In Hindi * Traditional Marketing तथा Digital Marketing में क्या अंतर है ? * ऑफलाइन ( रिटेल) कस्टमर बढाने के 3 बेहतरीन तरीके * मीठी तुलसी ( स्टीविया ) की खेती से कमाए लाखो रूपये * एक्टर कैसे बने पूरी जानकारी * बिज़नस में सफलता पाने के लिए अपनाए  3 तरीके * ई कॉमर्स बिज़नस की शुरुआत कैसे करें ? * अच्छा करियर कैसे बनाएं ? * रिक्रूटमेंट एजेंसी क्या है कैसे खोले ? * नेटवर्क मार्केटिंग के 8 फायदे * पोल्ट्री फर्म के लिए सब्सिडी योजना की जानकारी * नेटवर्क मार्केटिंग क्या है ? 3 स्टेप में जाने ज्वाइन करें या नहीं * नेटवर्क मार्केटिंग में सफलता के 8 टिप्स * TT कैसे बने ? * किराना स्टोर कैसे खोले ? * 2020 के लिए 10 बेहतरीन करियर के आप्शन * डिजिटल जॉब्स की पूरी जानकारी * पटवारी कैसे बने ? * youtube से पैसे कमायें पूरी जानकारी * तहसीलदार कैसे बने ? * मेच्योरिटी से पहले NPS से पैसे कैसे निकाले ? * एअरपोर्ट ग्राउंड स्टाफ कैसे बने ? * GSTरजिस्ट्रेशन कैसे करतेहैं ? * GST सुविधा केंद्र कैसे खोले ? * प्रदूषण जाँच केंद्र कैसे खोलें ? * राजनीति में करियर कैसे बनाएं ? * जी एस टी क्या है , यह किस तरह काम करता है ? * क्लाउड किचन बिज़नस की शुरुआत कैसे करें ? * अमेज़न पर अपना सा��न कैसे बेचे ? * बेहतर निवेश के लिए अपनाय ये विकल्प * 5 चीजे जो बिज़नस के लिए बहुत जरुरी है | * SIP में निवेश करने के 6 फायदे * कम पैसे में कपडे का व्यापार कैसे शुरू करें | * 4 स्टेप में जाने प्रोडक्ट बेचने का तरीका * घर बैठे बिज़नस कैसे शुरू करें ? * वकील कैसे बने ? * कम खर्चे वाले 20 बिज़नस आइडियाज * प्रॉफिटेबल बिज़नस प्लान कैसे बनाए ? * बिज़नस की शुरुआत कैसे करें ? * 3 स्टेप में जाने बिज़नस प्लान कैसे बनाए ? * linkedin क्या बिज़नस के लिए क्यों है जरुरी ? * रिटेल बिज़नस को बढ़ने के लिए पॉपअप शॉप की शुरुआत कैसे करे ? * इमिटेशन ज्वेलरी का बिज़नस कैसे करें ? * टॉप 50 बिज़नस आइडियाज इन हिंदी * महिला समृद्धि य्तोजना के तहत लोन कैसे लें ? * टेक  बेस्ड स्टार्टअप की जानकारी हिंदी में * स्टॉक ब्रोकिंग के फील्ड में करियर कैसे बनाए ? * फाइनेंसियल मनेजमेंट कैसे करें ? * सुकन्या समृद्धि योजना से जुडी भ्रान्तिया तथा सच्चाई * ओला कैब के साथ जुड़कर कमाई कैसे करें ? * गूगल माय बिज़नस क्या है ? * बिज़नस को सफल बनाने के लिए क्या करें ? * कम्पाउंडिंग क्या है पूरी जानकारी * टेक्नोलॉजी बेस्ड आर्डर की शुरुआत कैसे करें ? * स्केर्सिटी मार्केटिंग क्या है ? तथा कैसे करें ? * बिज़नस स्ट्रेटेजी से कॉम्पिटिटर को कैसे बीट करे ? * ऑफलाइन ( retail ) कस्टमर को कैसे बढ़ाये ? * डिजिटल मार्केटिंग में करियर कैसे बनाये ? * साइबर हमलो से अपने बिज़नस को कैसे बचाए ? * प्लांट नर्सरी का बिज़नस कैसे करें ? * डॉक्टर कैसे बने ? * Crowdfunding क्या है यह कैसे काम करता है ? * घर खरीदने से पहले रखे इन बातो का ध्यान * महंगा घर खरीदने से अच्छा है किराये में रहना, बन जाएगा लाखो का फण्ड * NDA क्या है ,NDA में भर्ती होने की पूरी जानकारी * शेफ बनकर पैसे कैसे कमाए ? * स्कूल कैसे खोले नियम प्रकिया की पूरी  जानकारी * कार तथा बाइक धोने का व्यापार कैसे करें ? * 12 वीं पढने के बाद क्या करें ? * Swift bic कोड क्या है , कैसे पता करें? * कोचिंग सेंटर कैसे खोले ? * सरकारी टीचर कैसे बने ? पूरी जानकारी * कड़कनाथ poultry फार्मिंग बिज़नस की शुरुआत कैसे करें ? * LIC की बेस्ट पालिसी कौनसी है बेहतर रिटर्न के लिए ? * insurance claim रिजेक्ट क्यों होता है ? * बिना Demat अकाउंट के म्यूच्यूअल फण्ड में करें इन्वेस्ट ,रखे इन 6 बातो ध्यान * महिला ई हाट से जुड़कर ऑनलाइन बिज़नस कैसे करें ? In Hindi * NPS क्या हैं पूरी जानकारी हिंदी में * Freelancing Se Paise Kaise Kamaaye | How To Earn M * नौकरी छोड़ने के बाद क्या करें? * नौकरी करें या बिज़नस कौनसा बेहतर है ? * कम पैसे वाले छोटे बिज़नस की  शुरुआत कैसे  करें? * SEBI क्या है यह क्या करता है ? * डाटा एंट्री क्या है ? इसे कैसे करे ? * रियल एस्टेट कंसल्टिंग फर्म का बिज़नस कैसे करे? * वेस्ट मेनेजमेंट से पैसे कैसे कमाए ? * अमेज़न फ्लेक्स क्या है ? पूरी जानकारी * प्रॉपर्टी डीलर कैसे बने ? * Recurring Deposit क्या है , इसमें ��ैसे इन्वेस्ट करें ? what is Recurring Deposit Account in hindi. * योग सेक्टर में बिज़नस की शुरुआत कैसे करे ? * Recycling का बिज़नस कैसे शुरू करे ? * फिक्स्ड डिपाजिट क्या है ? एफडी करवाने  से पहले रखे इन बातो का ध्यान * IRCTC एजेंट कैसे बने ? पूरी जानकारी * टेंट हाउस का व्यापार कैसे शुरू करें? * PPF अकाउंट क्या होता है ? पूरी जानकारी हिंदी में * सौर ऊर्जा का व्यापार कैसे शुरू करे ? * महिलाओ के लिए ऋण योजना कौन कौनसी हैं ? * 10 हजार रूपये में शुरू किये जाने वाले बिज़नस * म्यूच्यूअल फंड्स में इन्वेस्ट करने से पहले रखे इन बातो का ध्यान * बिज़नस की शुरुआत कैसे करे * किसान सम्मान निधि योजना क्या है पूरी जानकारी *बुटिक का बिज़नस कैसे शुरू करे? * किसान पेंशन  योजना क्या है ? * सेप्टिंक टैंक साफ़ करने का व्यापार कैसे करे ? *  कार डीलरशिप का बिज़नस कैसे करे ? * लोन कितने प्रकार का होता  है ? * बिना डिस्काउंट दिए प्रोडक्ट की सेल्स बढ़ाकर मुनाफ़ा कैसे कमाए ? * बिज़नस को सफल कैसे बनाए ? * बिज़नस को सक्सेस बनाने के  6 सुपर कंपनियों के फोर्मुले * White label marketing  क्या है ? * बिज़नस में सक्सेस होना है तो रखे इन चार बातो का ध्यान * स्टार्टअप की स्थिरता के लिए अपनाए ये उपाय * कम खर्चे में बिज़नस को कैसे बड़ा करे ? * बिज़नस को Expand करने के लिए क्या करना चाहिए ? * अपने बिज़नस को कैसे बढाए ? how to expand your business in hindi ? * 9 स्टेप में अपना  ई कॉमर्स बिज़नस स्टार्ट करे | * प्रोडक्ट की सेल्स 10 गुना कैसे बढाए ? * छोटे से बिज़नस में प्रोसेस कैसे बनाये ? * बेसन मैन्युफैक्चरिंग का व्यापार कैसे करे? * बिज़नस को देर से शुरू करने के तीन  कारण * बिज़नस को सक्सेस बनाने के 10 गोल्डन Rule   * Customer को लॉयल कैसे बनाए ? * अपने कस्टमर को आकर्षित कैसे करे / how to increase customers for business in hindi   * फ्लावर का बिज़नस कैसे करे *  ड्राप शिपिंग का बिज़नस क्या  है .? * मार्केटिंग क्या है जाने ? * अदरक तथा लहसुन के पेस्ट का व्यापार कैसे करे? * स्टील फर्नीचर का व्यापार कैसे शुरू करे ? * Cattle Feed Pashu Ahaar Mnufacturing Business Kaise Kare ? In Hindi * इलास्टिक टेप का व्यापार कैसे करे ? * ड्राई फ्रूट का व्यापार कैसे करे ? * Paper pin / staple pin बनाने का व्यापार कैसे करे ? * अपने प्रोडक्ट की मार्किट प्राइस कैसे तय करे ? * गैस एजेंसी कैसे खोले ? * स्कूल बेग्स बनाने का व्यापार कैसे करे ? * ऐसे बीमा कवर जो आपके पास जरुर होने चाहिए | * Hydroponics system क्या है ?  in hindi   - Hydroponics system  से खेती कैसे करे? * DTDC कैसे ट्रैक करे * * सोशल मीडिया मेनेजर कैसे बने ? * सेनेटरी पैड्स बिज़नस की जानकारी इन हिंदी * फ्रैंचाइज़ी लेने से पहले रखे इन बातों का ध्यान * DTDC TRACKING  की जानकारी , कैसे करे ? डिजिटल मार्केटिंग के लिए कोर्स और योग्यता की जानकारी हिंदी में - digital marketing course and requirment in hindi * होम लोन कैसे के पूरी  जानकारी हिंदी में * प्रोजेक्ट रिपोर्ट फॉर आटा  चक्की * CIBIL Score क्या है और कैसे चेक करे ?/ How to check credit score in hindi * Parsonal loan कैसे ले / How to apply for loan ? * सुकन्या समृद्धि योजना क्या है? जानकारी हिंदी में/ How to aaply for suknya samriddhi yojna in hindi * क्या हैं demat account?, क्यों होता है जरुरी ? * insurance एजेंट कैसे बने पूरी जानकारी * मछली पालन की पूरी जानकारी * मिनी फ्लौर प्रोजेक्ट रिपोर्ट * मछली पालन कैसे शुरु करे * Employee pension scheme क्या है , कैसे कैलकुलेशन करते है ? * Gratuity क्या है पूरी जानकारी * seo बारे में पूरी जानकारी  कहा से प्राप्त करे * Dona Paper Plate Raw Material price / दोना पत्तल कच्चा माल की कीमत *   प्रधान मंत्री कौशल विकास योजना क्या है?/ what is PMKVY scheme full information in hindi *  मुर्गी पालन केंद्र की जानकारी/ Training centers of poultry farming * लघु उद्योगों की सुची / list  of laghu  udyog   in hind *  Digitize india क्या है?/ How to earn money with digitize india * प्रोजेक्ट रिपोर्ट फ़ॉर फ्लाई ऐश ब्रिक्स प्लांट *    सोयाबीन तेल बनाने का व्यापार कैसे करे ?, How to start soyabin oil making business * EPF (Employee provident fund ) क्या है पूरी जानकारी/ what is EPF full information in hindi * UAN क्या है पूरी जानकारी , what is UAN full information in hindi * मेडिकल स्टोर कैसे खोले/ How to open medical store in hindi * मधुमक्खी पालन उद्योग बिज़नेस कैसे करे पुरी जानकारी / How to start bee farming business in hindi *  MSME registration कैसे करे/ MSME  registration  process in hindi *  आयात निर्यात का व्यापार कैसे करे? /How to start import export business in hindi * खरगोश पालन कैसे करें/ How to start rabbit farming in hindi *  बैंक मित्र कैसे बने/ बनकर काम करे,/ How to become bank mitra in hindi * आयुष्मान मित्र क्या है, आयुष्मान मित्र बनकर पैसे कैसे कमाए जा सकते है।/how to apply ayushman mitra in hind * India  में ट्रांसपोर्ट का व्यापार कैसे करे/How  to start transporting business in hindi * एलोवेरा एवं जेल का व्यापार कैसे करे,खेती, लागत,कमाई की पूरी जानकारी in hindi * इंडिया में खुद का पेट्रोल पंप कैसे खोलें/How to open a fuel pump in india in hindi * फिनायल बनाने का व्यापार कैसे करे/how to start finyle making business in hindi * कॉपी बनाने का व्यापार कैसे करे/how to start notebook making business in hindi * फिनायल बनाने का व्यापार कैसे करे/how to start finyle making business in hindi * Marketing  क्या है , और कैसे करते है ? ,offline मार्केटिंग तथा ऑनलाइन मार्केटिंग की पूरी जानकारी in hindi *  CSC केंद्र क्या है , कैसे खोले, apply करने की पृरी जानकारी in hindi/  How to open Common service center in hindi * नहाने के  साबुन बनाने का व्यापार का कैसे करे ?/ how to start sabun making business in hindi? *कपडे धोने के साबुन बनाने का व्यापार का कैसे करे ?/ how to start sabun making business in hindi? * पेन बनाने का व्यापार कैसे करे?/how to start pen making business in hindi *  बाथरूम क्लीनर बनाने का बिज़नेस कैसे करे/how to start bathroom cleaner business in hindi * कील बनाने का व्यापार कैसे शुरू करे/ How to start wire nail business in hindi * S I P क्या है? क्यों है बचत का एक बेहतर विकल्प * mutual fund क्या होता है ? पूरी जानकारी * रेडिमेड कपड़े का बिज़नेस कैसे करे/ How To Do Readymade Garments Business In Hindi * फेब्रिकेशन वर्क्स का बिज़नस कैसे करे / How To Do Fabrication Works In Hindi * ऑनलाइन मार्केटिंग क्या है और कैसे करे / Top 8 Ways For Online Marketing * मुद्रा योजना क्या है ,मुद्रा योजना के तहत लोन कैसे प्राप्त करे ?/How To Apply For Bank Loan Under Mudra Scheme *  कपूर बनाने का बिज़नेस कैसे करे, How To Do Kapoor Making Business In Hindi *. Amul Franchise कैसे ले पूरी जानकारी In Hindi * Patanjali Franchise कैसे लेते है? ,Patanjali Franchise की पूरी जानकारी * फ्रैंचाइज़ी क्या है और इसे कैसे लेते है पूरी जानकारी In Hindi ( Franchise Kya Hai Jankari ) * Chappal, Slipper, Footwear Making Business कैसे करे? * गूगल adword क्या है?, यह कैसे काम करता है? * लघु उद्योग क्या है पूरी जानकारी * फ्री वेबसाइट या ब्लॉग कैसे बनाये? * youtube क्या है, youtube से पैसे कमाने के तरीके? * हाठु प्लांट (चिरौंजी दाना) का बिज़नेस कैसे करे? * बिज़नेस के लिए सही location का चुनाव कैसे करे? * जुट बेग मेकिंग बिज़नेस कैसे करे? * रेस्टोरंट या ढाबा का बिज़नेस कैसे करे? * इंटरनेट से ऑनलाइन पैसे कैसे कमाए? * Inspiring quotes for entrepreneur in hindi * Business प्लान क्या है? इसे कैसे बनाये? * चाक मेकिंग बिज़नेस कैसे करे? * ब्लॉग बनाकर पइसे कैसे कमाए? * मशाला उद्योग बिज़नेस कैसे करे? * पापड़ उद्योग बिज़नेस की जानकारी? * फ्लाई ऐश ब्रिक्स प्लांट की जानकारी? * दोना पेपर प्लेट के लिए रॉ मेटेरियल की जानकारी * आइस क्रीम मेकिंग बिज़नेस कैसे करे? * डेरी उद्योग बिज़नेस कैसे शुरू करे * dairy फार्मिंग बिज़नेस की शुरुआत कैसे करे? * गुड़ बनाने का व्यापार कैसे करे? * goat फार्मिंग ,बकरी पालन का व्यवसाय कैसे करे? * मुर्गी पालन की पूरी जानकारी * फ्लौर मिल कैसे लगाए? * दाल मिल कैसे लगाए? * एक सक्सेस बिज़नेस मैन कैसे बने * अपने प्रोडक्ट की मार्केटिंग कैसे करे? * मिनरल वाटर प्लांट कैसे लगाए/. * लाइसेंस ओर रजिस्ट्रेशन की पूरी जानकारी * FSSAI license क्या है? * डिटर्जेंट पाउडर का बिज़नेस कैसे करे? * अगरबत्ती उद्योग की जानकारी कैसे करे? * बिस्कुट उद्योग कैसे लगाए? * दोना पत्तल मेकिंग बिज़नेस कैसे करे? * लघु उद्योग के कौन कौन से फायदे है? * मोमबत्ती उद्योग कैसे लगाए पूरी जानकारी? * टॉप 7 घरेलू उद्योग कौन कौन से है? * मिनी पोहा मिल कैसे लगाये? * मिनी राइस मिल की पूरी जानकारी * ट्रैक्टर  मिनी राइस मिल की जानकारी Blogging And Internet * Feedburner पर एकाउंट कैसे बनाये /How To Create A Feedbburner Account In Hindi * Blog Website को एक साथ सभी search engine में कैसे submit करे? * ब्लॉग बनाकर ऑनलाइन पैसे कैसे कमाए? * ब्लॉग को डिज़ाइन करने के most important टिप्स * Wordpress Comment में अपनी image कैसे शो करे * क्या डोमेन नाम लेना जरूरी है? * ब्लॉग की रैंकिंग increase करने के 5 most इम्पोर्टेन्ट टिप्स * Website Blog का Google Pagerank कैसे Check करे? * Blogger Template को Zip File से  XML File में कैसे बदले? * Blog में Google Plus Comment कैसे Enable करे? * ब्लॉग में दूसरे पोस्ट का लिंक कैसे ऐड करे * Blog में Google Transelet Widget कैसे ऐड करे? * Blog या Website को Google, Bing Search Engine में कैसे Submit करे ? * कैसे बने एक Succesfull Blogger In Hindi * Google Analysis पर Account Delete कैसे करे? * Wordpress पर  Free Blog कैसे बनाये * Blog को  Bing Webmaster Tool में कैसे Submit करे? * Blog की Traffic कम होने के Top 10 Mistakes * Adsense के Ads Blog में कैसे लगाए Full Guide * Blogspot  पर Free Blog बनाने के बाद क्या करे? Full Guide In Hindi * Sitemap को  Google Search Console में कैसे Submit करे? * Blogspot या Wordpress कोनसा Blogging Platform ज्यादा Better है ? * Google पर अपनी Website की  Raking कैसे Check करे? * Robot Text File को Blog में कैसे Add करे? * Alexa Rank क्या है और  Blog को  Alexa में कैसे Submit करें? *  Google Custon Search को अपने  Blog में Add करे? * Post में Code Box कैसे लगाए? * Chitika क्या है ? Chitika से  Paise कैसे कमाए? * Author Box Description में Link कैसे Add करे ? * Blog Ki Traffic Kaise Badhaye? /Blog की ट्रैफिक बढ़ने के 10 बेहतरीन तरीके * अपने Facebook Page को  Blog में  Add कैसे करे? * ब्लॉग टेम्पलेट को कैसे change करें? * वेबसाइट या ब्लॉग बनाने के लिए क्या चाहिए? * ब्लॉग या वेबसाइट के लिए sitemap कैसे बनाये? * वेबसाइट ब्लॉग की ट्रैफिक कैसे बढ़ाएं?

[vignaniasacademy]

17-05-2020 Current affairs & Daily News Analysis

Govt launches online dashboard to monitor info on movement of migrants: MHA National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has developed ‘National Migrant Information System (NMIS)’, a central online repository on Migrant Workers to facilitate their seamless movement across States.

About: The online portal would maintain a central repository on migrant workers and help in speedy inter-State communication/co-ordination to facilitate their smooth movement to native places. It has additional advantages like contact tracing, which may be useful in overall COVID-19 response work. The key data pertaining to the persons migrating has been standardized for uploading such as name, age, mobile no., originating and destination district, date of travel etc., which States are already collecting. States will be able to visualize how many people are going out from where and how many are reaching destination States.  Source : Times of India ( Social Issues ) Read UPSC Current affairs and Daily News Analysis from Best IAS Academy in Bangalore Vignan IAS Academy WORLD TELECOMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION SOCIETY DAY (WTISD) World Telecommunication and Information Society Day 2020 is being observed on 17 May with the theme “Connect 2030: ICTs for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).”

About: Objective of WTISD: To help raise awareness of the possibilities that the use of the Internet and other information and communication technologies (ICT) can bring to societies and economies. Date of observance: It has been celebrated annually on 17 May since 1969, marking the founding of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the signing of the first International Telegraph Convention in 1865.  Important Info : International Telecommunications Union (ITU)? Relationship with UN: ITU is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN). It is a member of the United Nations Development Group (UNDP).Mandate: It is responsible for issues that concern information and communication technologies.Established in: 1865. Based in: Geneva, Switzerland.Membership: It has membership of 193 countries and nearly 800 private sector entities and academic institutions.India and ITU: India has been an active member of the ITU since 1869 and has been a regular member of the ITU Council since 1952. In November 2018, India was elected as a Member of the ITU Council for another 4-year term (2019-2022). Source : United Nations ( Science & Technology ) Read UPSC Current affairs and Daily News Analysis from Best IAS Academy in Bangalore Vignan IAS Academy Biodegradable metal implants Scientists at the International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), under the Department of Science & Technology (DST) has developed new generation Iron-Manganese based alloys for biodegradable metal implants for use in humans.

About: Iron-Manganese based alloy Fe-Mn (having Mn composition of more than 29% by weight) is a promising biodegradable metallic implant which exhibits single austenitic phase (non-magnetic form of iron) with MRI compatibility. The alloy also showed a degradation rate in the range of 0.14-0.026 mm per year in the simulated body fluid, which means that the Fe-Mn alloy exhibits mechanical integrity for 3-6 months and completely disappears from the body in 12-24 months. The newly developed Fe-Mn based alloys are suitable for biodegradable stent and orthopedic implant applications.  Important Info : Significance: These Biodegradable materials (Fe, Mg, Zn, and polymer) can participate in the healing process and then degrade gradually by maintaining the mechanical integrity without leaving any implant residues in the human body.These are better alternatives to currently used metallic implants which remain permanently in the human body and can cause long-term side effects like systemic toxicity, chronic inflammation, and thrombosis.  Source : All India Radio ( Science & Technology ) Read UPSC Current affairs and Daily News Analysis from Best IAS Academy in Bangalore Vignan IAS Academy Third tranche of ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan’: Agriculture sector gets ₹1.5-lakh-cr booster

Measures to strengthen Infrastructure Logistics and Capacity Building for Agriculture & Allied Sectors: Financing facility of Rs. One Lakh crore will be provided for funding Agriculture Infrastructure Projects at farm-gate & aggregation points. It will be financed and managed by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD). A Rs. 10,000 crore scheme will be launched for Formalisation of Micro Food Enterprises (MFE). It will help 2 lakh MFEs who need technical upgradation to attain FSSAI food standards, build brands and marketing. The Government will launch the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) with an outlay of Rs 20,000 crore for marine and inland fisheries. An Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund of Rs. 15,000 crore will be set up to support private investment in Dairy Processing, value addition and cattle feed infrastructure. The National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB) will cover 10,00,000 hectare under Herbal cultivation in next two years with outlay of Rs. 4,000 crore. Beekeeping initiatives (worth Rs 500 crore): Government will implement a scheme for Infrastructure development related to Integrated Beekeeping Development Centres, Collection, Marketing and Storage Centres, Post-Harvest & value Addition facilities etc; and Implementation of standards & Developing traceability system. “Operation Greens” run by Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MOFPI) will be extended from Tomatoes, onion and potatoes (TOP) crops to ALL fruit and vegetables.  Important Info : Measures for Governance and Administrative Reforms for Agriculture Sector: Government will amend Essential Commodities Act, 1955 to deregulate Agriculture food stuffs including cereals, edible oils, oilseeds, pulses, onions and potato. Stock limit will be imposed under very exceptional circumstances.A Central law will be formulated for Agriculture Marketing Reforms to provide adequate choices to the farmer to sell their produce at remunerative price; barrier free Inter-State Trade; and a framework for e-trading of agriculture produce.The Government will finalise a facilitative legal framework to enable farmers to engage with processors, aggregators, large retailers, exporters etc. in a transparent manner. Source : PIB ( Economy ) Read UPSC Current affairs and Daily News Analysis from Best IAS Academy in Bangalore Vignan IAS Academy HQDA G-3-5-7 Mobilization Division Tour Of Duty The Indian Army is considering a proposal that entails allowing common citizens to voluntarily join the force for three years as part of a model called “Tour of Duty”.

About: The proposed model of Tour of Duty (ToD) has been proposed to be implemented on a trial basis for officers and other ranks in the army for a limited number of vacancies which would be increased later if the model is successful. The proposal is a shift from the concept of permanent service in the armed forces towards an “internship” for 3 years. The army is also examining giving a ‘token’ lump sum amount to officers and jawans exiting from the ToD scheme, to make it more attractive.  Important Info : Expected benefits: Army will benefit by getting younger manpower and the society will benefit by getting people who are disciplined and have imbibed the ethos of the army.The cost, including training, pay and allowances, incurred on people joining under the new model would be Rs 80-85 lakhs, as compared to over Rs 6 crore for an officer under the Short Service Commission, who serve up to 14 years.With the ToD concept implementation, there is likely to be an exponential reduction in salary and pension budgets. These savings can be used for Army’s modernisation.Corporates can also benefit from individuals who would serve in the army for three years due to their training and exposure. As per an initial survey, corporates favour individuals aged 26 or 27 who have been trained by the military.  Source : Economic Times ( Defence & Security ) Read UPSC Current affairs and Daily News Analysis from Best IAS Academy in Bangalore Vignan IAS Academy 61st CAVALRY The Indian Army is planning to convert its famous 61st Cavalry, the only active serving horse cavalry regiment in the world, into a regular armoured regiment with tanks. About: The 61st Cavalry was raised in 1953 after amalgamating the horse-mounted cavalry units of the erstwhile princely states of British India. The Teen Murti Memorial in New Delhi was constructed during the British Raj to commemorate the heroic role played by the Hyderabad, Jodhpur and Mysore Lancers during the legendary Battle of Haifa (now in modern-day Israel) in 1918 during World War I. The Indian Army celebrates “Haifa Day” on September 23 every year as part of its overall tradition to honour the valour of its regiments. At present, the ceremonial President’s Bodyguard (PBG) based at Rashtrapati Bhavan and the 61st Cavalry are the only horse-mounted units in the Army.  Important Info : Proposed Plan: The aim is to transform the Jaipur-based 61st Cavalry into “a combat force” from its present role of being “largely a ceremonial unit” that also engages in sporting activities like polo.The commanding officer (CO) of 61st Calvary, which is likely to be rechristened the 61st Armoured Regiment at Jaipur, will have three “independent squadrons” of tanks under him.It has sparked outrage among purists in military circles, who assert the “short-sighted step will destroy a glorious historical tradition”.  Source : Times of India ( Defecne & Security ) Read UPSC Current affairs and Daily News Analysis from Best IAS Academy in Bangalore Vignan IAS Academy Short Service Commission to be made more attractive Chief of the Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat said that efforts are on to make the Short Service Commission (SSC) more attractive so as to reduce the mounting pension burden of the Army.

About: Short Service commission (SSC) in Indian Army is the tenure of officers. Currently, the SSC is for 10 years, which can be extended by up to four years. At the end of 14 years, there is an option for permanent commission (PC). The training academy for SSC Short Service commission officers is Officers Training Academy (OTA), Chennai. Proposed steps to make SSC more attractive: A one-year training course will be given to SSC officers while exiting after 14 years. The courses can be professional or technical courses such as MBA or M.Tech. to give the skills for a second employment as a civilian. About 25%-30% of the SSC officers would be granted Permanent Commission (PC) so that they are kept motivated and they compete to get PC. The rest can leave. Other incentives include a lumpsum amount and medical facilities under the Ex-servicemen Contributory Health Scheme.  Important Info : Pension burden of army? The Army’s pay and pension bill has been increasing over the years, accounting for 60% of its budgetary allocation.During the last five years, though the growth in the defence budget has been 68% and the growth in salaries 75%, the pensions have increased by a staggering 146%.  Source : The Hindu ( Defence & Security ) Read UPSC Current affairs and Daily News Analysis from Best IAS Academy in Bangalore Vignan IAS Academy SUPER-EARTH Scientists from the University of Canterbury (UC) have discovered a rare new Super-Earth planet that lies towards the centre of the galaxy, also called the Galactic Bulge.

About: The planet is one of ‘only a handful of extra-solar planets that have been discovered with both size and orbit comparable to that of Earth. The host star is 10 percent the mass of our Sun and that the planet has a year of approximately 617 days. The planet has a mass somewhere between that of Earth and Neptune. It orbits at a location between Venus and Earth from the parent star. The planet was discovered using a technique called ‘Gravitational Microlensing’ where the combined gravity of the planet and its host star causes light from a more distant background star to be magnified in a particular manner.  Important Info : Super Earth? What is it? It is an extrasolar planet with a mass higher than Earth's, but substantially below the masses of the Solar System's ice giants, Uranus and Neptune.What is it not? This term refers only to the mass of the planet, and does not imply anything about the habitability or surface conditions. Source : Hindustan Times ( Science & Technology ) Read UPSC Current affairs and Daily News Analysis from Best IAS Academy in Bangalore Vignan IAS Academy CORONAVIRUS IN CATS Researchers have published a paper with evidence that cats can transmit the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 to one another, and without showing symptoms.

Previous cases: The previous most famous case of coronavirus infection among cats, big or domestic, has been that of four-year-old Nadia, a Malayan tiger at New York’s Bronx Zoo. She tested positive in April 2020. Within weeks, a few more tigers and lions at the zoo tested positive. Among domestic cats, the first known infection happened in Belgium. Recent research: The key finding in recent research is that cats can be asymptomatic while carrying the virus. Also, all the cats went on to clear the virus. The latest findings suggest that cats may be capable of becoming infected when exposed to people or other cats positive for SARS-CoV-2. Other researchers have previously suggested reasons why cats may be vulnerable to infection from humans: feline and human cells have similar ACE2 receptors, which are enzymes that facilitate the coronavirus’s entry in the body. The general view remains that a cat is more likely to get Covid-19 from a human, than a human getting it from a cat.  Source : Indian Express ( Health ) Read UPSC Current affairs and Daily News Analysis from Best IAS Academy in Bangalore Vignan IAS Academy NATIONAL DENGUE DAY On the occasion of National Dengue Day (May 16), Health Ministry has listed a series of simple measures through which Dengue can be prevented.

About: Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection. The dengue virus (DEN) comprises four distinct serotypes (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4) which belong to the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector that transmits the viruses that cause dengue.  It is found in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide, mostly in urban and semi-urban areas. It is very common after rainy season. Once infected, humans become the main carriers and multipliers of the virus, serving as a source of the virus for uninfected mosquitoes. The infection causes flu-like illness, and occasionally develops into lethal complication called severe dengue. Dengue can affect everybody, irrespective of their age and gender.  Source : All India Radio ( Health ) Read UPSC Current affairs and Daily News Analysis from Best IAS Academy in Bangalore Vignan IAS Academy Daily Current affairs and News Analysis Best IAS Coaching institutes in Bangalore Vignan IAS Academy Contact Vignan IAS Academy Enroll For IAS Foundation Course from Best IFS Academy in Bangalore Read the full article

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Risk Factors and Indicators of Reduced Welfare of Grazing Dairy Cows from Selected Smallholder Dairy Farms in Midlands Province-Juniper Publishers

Abstract

Zimbabwe ́s smallholder dairying faces many challenges that affect the welfare of dairy cows; however the status of this welfare has not yet been determined. A cross sectional study was conducted in Midlands Province on 41 active smallholder dairy farms with 86 cows in winter and summer, to determine the risk factors and indicators to impaired cow welfare. These objectives were achieved using farmer questionnaires and direct observations. 11% of the observed cows were severely lame in summer while only five % were severely lame in winter. Lameness was significantly associated with season, absence of shade, breed and low dipping frequency; 58% of the cows had low body condition scores (BC<3) and this low BC was associated with low frequency of protein (p=0.002) and vitamin (p=0.012) supplementation recorded in more than 52% of the farms visited. In winter only 11% of the observed cows were heavily soiled (score 3), whilst in summer 64% of the cows were heavily soiled and this was associated with slurry accumulation in more than 80% of the observed cattle pens as well as the study season (p<0.001). A quarter (26%) of the studied animals had visible teat lesions on the teat skin and this was associated with type of lubricant used (p =0.011). Only 34% of the cows allowed an approaching stockman to touch them and this was associated with shouting (p=0.012) and whipping of cows (p=0.002). The study concluded that welfare of dairy cows was poor in most of the smallholder dairy farms studied.

Keywords:   Risk factors; Indicators; Cow welfare

    Introduction

Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is an integral membrane protein found in the purple membrane of the Halobacterium halobium. As a light driven proton pump, bRs capture photons in the order of 500nm-650nm. Existing research found that 300mv of electricity generated per purple membrane [1]. Conversely, bacterial reaction center (bRC) is found in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. It generates 800mv of electricity in total, considering the transfer of 4 protons in the membrane. Multiple interventions to denature and modulate the structure of bR should be considered, including pH, temperature, detergent and wavelength of laser light. Bacteriorhodopsin has been known to function between0C to 45C at a pH of 1-11. It tolerates temperature over 80C in water and up to 140C in dry [2]. Conventionally, laser is utilized to precipitate the photoisomerization of bR, consequently shifting all trans-13 to structure. The chromophore which is covalently attached to Lys216 through a Schiff base is modulated through this method. Bacterial Reaction Center (bRC) is a light driven electron transfer reaction that converts solar energy to chemical energy. bRC are integral membrane structured proteins found in the purple membrane of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. It is composed of 3 protein subunits--L, M and H. It has 3 major co-factors composed of 4bacterio-chlorophylls, 2 bacteriopheophytins and 2 quinones [3]. In this interaction, electron transfer occurs through light ejection of electron that passes through them embrane. Conversion of sunlight to chemical energy simultaneously precipitates. Both bR and bRC from Halobacterium halobium and Rhodobacter sphaeroides respectively generate a considerable worth of electricity that can be used in the industry today. Although bRC emits power in a rather limited merit, future research would determine its potential for catalyzing electrically reliant applications such as optics, instrumentation and therapeutic values. bRC can be utilized for solar energy and drive photovoltaic cells. Its usage is ubiquitous at this point and has generated multitude of photovoltaic and solar energy driven applications. Further research will enhance the efficacy of bRC generated solar cells and related interventions.

This high stocking rate has resulted in overgrazing and consequently increased erosion and grass stunting in most Zimbabwean rangelands. Knap sac spraying is used for tick control of the dairy herd; vaccination for Foot and Mouth disease as well as rabies is done by the Government, while vaccination and control of other prevalent diseases like Lumpy Skin Disease, black leg and brucellosis is done by farmers. Studies done in Kenya on the welfare of zero grazing dairy cows showed that poor welfare of dairy cows existed in smallholder dairies [1].

Zimbabwe’s smallholder dairy is also characterized by challenges such as high prices of protein rich commercial concentrates which results in inadequate and inconsistent protein supplementation to dairy cows; frequent outbreaks of diseases [2]; poor husbandry practices and lack of high yielding exotic breeds. These challenges to smallholder dairy systems, results in lowered body condition, which then impacts negatively on cow health, productivity and consequently welfare of the cow. Welfare of grazing cows in both the small holder set up and large-scale dairies in Zimbabwe and Africa as a whole has not been adequately studied and with the growing concern on food quality and safety from consumers, there is compelling need to evaluate welfare of cows in these sectors. Improved cow welfare will not only improve productivity of the dairy cow but the whole milk supply chain will benefit, hence the importance and relevance of this study.

    Materials and Methods

The research was conducted in two selected districts of Midlands Province (Gweru and Gokwe South) targeting active smallholder dairy farmers. Midlands is characterized by colddry winters (5 to12 °C, 0 to 20mm) and hot humid summers (25 °C to 30 °C, 500mm to 700mm). Mature dairy cows (Red Dane, Jersey, and Holstein mainly crossed with either Tuli or Mashona) from each selected household were examined for the study regardless of their lactation status. In those smallholder units that had less than 5 cows; all cows were used for the study whilst in those units that had more than 5 cows, simple random sampling was used to select 5 cows to be used for the study. Each household was then visited once in winter i.e. from 3 August 2015 to 29 September 2015; and once in summer i.e. from 23 December 2016 to 17 February 2017 to determine the indicators and risk factors to reduced cow welfare using a questionnaire administered through face to face interviews and an animal as well as farm observation tool. All the farmers in Midlands Province who were actively supplying milk to the milk collection center or producing milk for sale (organized smallholder dairies) were included in the study i.e. 35 households from Gokwe South (70 cows) and 6 households from Gweru (16 cows).

Questionnaire

Data collected using the questionnaire included: Household (HH) demographics; level of education for HH; agriculture training received by HH; number of people staying at the HH; dairy herd demographics; institutional support; number, structure and breeds; general husbandry and milking practices; dehorning, castration, hair tail; euthanization methods; udder hygiene; teat lubricants; feeding and watering of animals; energy, protein, vitamin and mineral supplementation frequency; source and distance of water source.

Animal observation tool

Lameness- measured when the cow was either going in or out of the milking parlour using the lameness score sheet during both winter and summer. Lameness was measured on a 4 point scale of 0-3 with 0 indicating good mobility and 3 the animal will be severely lame [3].

Cow cleanliness

This was assessed in winter and summer on similar cows by the investigator early in the morning before cows were released for grazing using a cow cleanliness score chart

Body condition

Scored by the investigator on a scale of one to five during feeding times using a body condition score chart during both summer and winter and on similar cows

Hair loss

Recorded in both winter and summer on a scale of one – three using the hair loss score chart

Teat and hind limb lesions

Teat lesions scored in both winter and in summer as either present or absent

Skin and hind limb lesions

Scored as either present or absent. Skin lesions scored once in winter as either present or absent.

Aggressive interactions between cows

Coded as either frequent or not frequent and were observed during feeding times in winter only for at least 10 minutes per each smallholder unit visited

Avoidance distance

Each cow was assessed once in winter during the study period. Avoidance distance was categorized into cows that could be touched, cows that could be approached 50cm but not touched, cows that could be approached as closely as 50 -100cm, and cows that could not approached as closely as 100cm [4].

Farm observation tool

Site and material used for kraal construction; state of kraal floors, presence of shade, foot bath and handling facilities

Data analysis and presentation

Data was entered and cleaned in Microsoft Excel and then exported into IBM Statistics SPSS version 23. Basic descriptive statistics were generated followed by tests association (chi square tests of independence) between risk factors and indicators of reduced cow welfare.

    Results and Discussion

A total of 36 households owning 86 cattle were interviewed from Gweru and Gokwe South districts of Midlands Province, Zimbabwe..

    Lameness

In the dairy sector, lameness is considered an endemic disease that affects health and welfare of dairy cattle and results in production loss [5]. Figure 1 shows percentage lameness scores by season while Table 1 shows factors significantly associated with lameness. Study results revealed that more cattle were lame in summer than in winter. The overall low proportion of lame cows in the study (5% winter and 11% summer) may be attributable to the disease resistant cross breeds that dominate the smallholder dairy sector in Zimbabwe and the fact that the studied cows were not confined but had free access to pasture giving them adequate opportunity to exercise thereby improving claw conformation [6].

These findings were in concordance with the work of other authors [7], who reported herd lameness for grazing cows to be 3.5% in Ethiopia. The association between lameness and absence of shade (p<0.001) on most dairy farms may be attributable to the fact that the presence of shade enhances passive ventilation and lowers body temperature and thus reduce restless behavior, and increases the time spent resting by cows thereby reducing the chances of lamenes. The association between moderate lameness cases and low dipping frequency has not yet been reported and may be attributed to ineffective tick control that promotes the spread of ticks in cattle and dip resistance to ticks. Bond legged ticks were noticed between the claws in some of the lame cows and this resulted in poor gait in some of the infested dairy cows. Holstein crosses had higher locomotion score compared to their counterparts (Red Dane* Tuli crosses and the Jersey crosses). The Red Dane* Tuli cross showed higher lameness resistance compared to the other two breeds and had low locomotion scores; this has been previously recorded [8].

The observation that slurry and cattle manure was not removed from cattle housing on a regular basis in 73% of the observed farms, implies that animal welfare is poor among most smallholder dairy farms. The association between lameness and season was expected and is in concordance with the work by other authors [9]. Most kraals were wet and muddy in summer. Moisture and slurry softens and damages the claw resulting in lameness. The observed foot lameness scores of three were in most cases, a result of direct trauma to the foot most likely by sharp objects like rough edges of toughs and stone bruises (Table 1). There was no significant association between levels of education of the household head as well institutional support farmers received and occurrence of lame cows in studied households (Figure 1).

Cow cleanliness Study results revealed that there were more heavily soiled cows (score 3) during the rain summer season (P<0.001) compared to the dry winter season (Figure 2). Significant association tests were conducted between cow cleanliness and the following factors: Lameness, body condition score, and slurry accumulation in cattle kraals and season. Percentage cleanliness scores of smallholder dairy cows by season, Midlands Province, Zimbabwe.

Cow cleanliness was significantly associated with manure accumulation in cattle kraals (χ2= 33,218, df=1, p<0.001) and season (χ2 =14,234,104, df=1, p<0.001). The good husbandry practice of removing manure and slurry was not done on a regular basis i.e. once per week, by the majority of farmers (80%) which led to the accumulation of manure and slurry in most kraals. Failure by smallholder dairy farmers to remove slurry on a regular basis may predispose cows to environmental mastitis [10]. The claw lesions will result in lameness and consequently impaired cow welfare. Instead of regularly removing slurry from cattle pens famers opted to let the dung accumulate as manure which is then used to fertilize crops at the expense of cow comfort. On those farms that were visited when cows were still in their kraals, dairy cows were observed lying on top of manure, fresh cow dung and sometimes on bare earth.

Body condition Figure 3 illustrates the percentage distribution of various body condition scores from the two study sites by season and Table 2 shows factors significantly associated with good body condition. Cattle condition picked up in summer and severely dropped in winter. The observation that in most of the farms (52%), protein concentrates were not given on a regular basis (Table 2) implies that feeding standards for most of these smallholder units was below the expected average. The association significance observed in this study between a good body condition score and regular feeding of commercial concentrate shows the welfare benefits of including standard levels of protein and energy in diet of dairy cows. Cows in poor body condition have low levels of milk fat and low overall milk yields because of inadequate reserves of protein and energy and may undergo anoestrus up and until the body condition improve [8]. Verbal information from farmers showed that protein concentrates were fed to lactating cows only, an indication that dry cows and heifers were denied access to quality nutrients in these production units. There was no significant association between regular feeding of home mixed concentrates (sunflower cake and crushed maize) and a good body condition. However, though not verified, it could be due to a poor mixing ratio of sunflower and crushed maize as well as failure to quantify properly these supplements when offering them to cows. The observation that farmers who had received formal agriculture training (25%) owned the majority of cattle with an optimum body condition demonstrates the benefits of formal agriculture training in improving cattle welfare and hence productivity. However, no association significance was observed between institutional support received by farmers and observed body condition scores.

Air loss

As shown in Table 3, very few cows (3%) had large patches of hair loss. These observed hair loss scores were in most cases a direct result of prior exposure to skin diseases.

Skin lesions and their implications

These were confined to various body parts like the neck, abdomen, tail head and ribcage. The observed skin lesions reflected poor management and indicated that dairy cows in these smallholder farms were living in harmful environments. Among the 41 farms visited 32% of the observed animal houses had sharp protruding poles and wires on either the entrance or on the side walls. These wires and protruding poles were possible causes of abdomen and rib cage lesions and were statistically tested but had no significant effect. Use of opened up metal drums with rough edges in 26% of the studied farms was put forward as a risk factor to observed neck and mouth lesions but no significant association was found. The unexpected lack of significant association between rib cage lesions and presence of sharp protruding poles in cattle houses, as well as lack of significant association between neck lesions and use of metal drums with rough and sharp edges could be due to the small sample size and other factors which could not be assessed on the farm like thorns from the grazing area which could prick cows as well as use of barbed wire in paddocks. Verbal information from farmers also revealed that some of the observed skin lesions were caused by surgical removal of warts using hot knives and removal of horns in adult cattle although this was not very common. The verbal discussions also revealed that anesthetics were not being used by many farmers.

Hind limb lesions from the 86 animals observed, 36% had lesions on hind limbs. Hind limb lesions were significantly associated (χ2= 6,567, p=0.010) with tying of hind limbs during milking. The practice of tying hind limbs while milking was being practiced on 82% of the farms visited.

Teat lesions from the 86 cows assessed, 26 % had visible teat lesions such as scratches, swellings and cracks on the teat skin. For effective mastitis control and improved dairy cow welfare, there is need to maintain good teat skin through use of teat lubricants and proper milking procedures [11]. Table 4 shows proportion of farmers that used various teat lubricants.

Occurrence of teat lesions was significantly associated with the type of teat lubricant used (χ2=12.982, df= 4, p =0.011). This was anticipated because teat lubricants reduce friction between the teat and the milker’s hands when hand milks and act as insulators to teats thereby reducing chances of teat damage. The use of milk salve was more common in Gokwe South where famers were getting the lubricant from the Milk Collection Centre (MCC) and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) than in Gweru where no such assistance existed. In Gweru there was use of petroleum jelly as a substitute for milk-salve which was not locally available. The observation that there were fewer cows that had teat lesions belonging to farmers who were using petroleum jelly when compared to those farmers that did not use any teat lubricant, confirms the welfare benefits of teat lubrication to dairy cows. In Zimbabwe petroleum jelly is cheap and locally available lubricant used by people. When used as a lubricant by human beings, petroleum jelly protects: minor cuts, skin scraps, dry and cracked skin by preventing moisture loss from these areas thereby speeding up the natural healing process. These are the same roles that are played by milk salve on cattle teats, making petroleum jelly an effective substitute for milk salve. Factors that were not investigated such as teat pulling could also be held accountable for the unexpected occurrence of teat lesions even on those farms where teat lubricants were frequently used. However, the practice of allowing calves to suckle before and after milking reported in more than 10% of the farms visited, could also be attributable to some of the teat lesions observed in cows belonging to farmers who were using teat lubricant.

Aggressive interactions

Frequent aggressive interactions between cows were recorded in 31% of the 41 farms studied and were significantly associated with an inadequacy of feeding space (χ2= 20.757, df=1 p<0.001). When feeding simultaneously and if feeding space is inadequate cows compete and, in the process, shy and weak cows are bullied away. Aggressive interactions between cows were more common in instances where cows were sharing a single small feeding trough. When cows were feeding simultaneously, feeding space per cow was not adequate (<0.5m per cow) in 72% of the observed farms. On some farms three to four cows were observed sharing feed from an opened up tire or a small wooden feeding trough. In those situations, cows were then observed pushing against each other and the shy feeders moving away from the trough.

Avoidance distance

Only 34% of the cows studied were touched by the approaching stockperson, the rest moved away. The association between avoidance distance and use of whips as well as shouting at cows (Table 5) was attributable to the fact that dairy cows can remember negative interactions and the place where these negative interactions may have occurred as well as the negative handler. Negative interactions such as use of whips, shouting and whistling when handling cows, results in poor growth performance and lowers immune response in dairy cows [12]. The association significance between avoidance distance and frequency of mineral supplementation to dairy cows could be related to regular feeding of nutritious feed to cows which improves the quality of human to cow relationship as the cows get used to and enjoy contact with the stockman who feeds them with quality feed. There was no association between avoidance distance and factors such as institutional support and farmer level of education.

    Conclusion and Recommendations

Poor dairy cattle welfare exists in the smallholder dairy production systems in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe Agriculture extension departments should promote pasture and forage production among smallholder dairies and should also incorporate lessons on animal welfare in its curriculum. Zimbabwe should enforce implementation of the Prevention of cruelty to animals act of 1960 and where possible come up with a more comprehensive Animal welfare act. To raise childhood awareness on animal welfare issues, it is further recommended that Primary schools education curriculum should include animal welfare lessons and there is need for innovation platforms on animal welfare in Zimbabwe. Further studies can be done to evaluate dairy calf welfare to evaluate the potential of the replacement dairy herd.

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