#carrard

[dwellsinparadise]

Man Ray and Lee Miller

Guy Carrard, Man Ray Trust, Paris

[the-olympics-olympics]

Fatso the Fat-Arsed Wombat was an unofficial mascot of the 2000 Summer Olympics created by Sydney cartoonist Paul Newell with Roy and HG from the Australian Channel Seven sports/comedy television program The Dream with Roy and HG. Fatso is a wombat with a lazy, cheerful expression and comically pronounced rump. During the Olympics, the Australian Olympic Committee attempted to ban athletes appearing with Fatso to stop him upstaging their official mascots. The ensuing public relations disaster forced the president of the AOC, John Coates, and the director general of the IOC, Francois Carrard, to distance their organizations from these attempts.

In the final of the men's basketball, the United States lost to the Soviet Union in what is widely considered as the most controversial game in international basketball history. In a close-fought match, the U.S. team appeared to have won by a score of 50–49. However, the final three seconds of the game were replayed three times by judges until the Soviet team came out on top and claimed a 51–50 victory. Ultimately the U.S team refused to accept their silver medals, which are believed to be held in a vault in Lausanne, Switzerland.

[xtruss]

Cannabis Doesn’t Enhance Performance. So Why Is It Banned In Elite Sports?

Here’s how cannabis use became prohibited—and the science of its biological, psychological, and social effects.

— By Kara Norton | Published: Tuesday November 9, 2021 | NOVA — PBS

The cannabis plant contains over 400 chemicals, including the cannabinoids tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive compound, and cannabidiol (CBD). Image Credit: NOVA/GBH

At the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan, snowboarding made its debut as an Olympic sport. No longer relegated to the fringes, snowboarders took to the snow-capped peaks of Mount Yakebitai, and 26-year-old Canadian Ross Rebagliati rose to global fame. But shortly after he won gold in the giant slalom event, a drug test revealed 17.8 nanograms per milliliter of THC, the psychoactive compound in cannabis, in Rebagliati’s system, which he still attributes to secondhand smoke.

“Cannabis back then was seen as being for losers and lazy stoners,” Rebagliati told The New York Times. “The big corporate sponsors didn’t want to sponsor me. I became a source of entertainment, a joke. I went from hero to zero overnight.”

Rebagliati was initially stripped of his medal, but because cannabis had not been officially banned by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), he was ultimately able to keep the gold. Two months after his failed drug test, the IOC officially banned cannabis due to its illicit status as a social drug.

The Politicization of Pot

As the war on drugs was waged on America’s streets, it was also playing out in sports arenas around the world. “We had to draw a lesson from Nagano,” IOC Director General Francois Carrard told the Associated Press in 1998. “The IOC wants to take a stand against a social drug."

Prince Alexandre de Merode, chairman of the IOC medical commission at the time, added that cannabis should be banned even though it does not act as a performance-enhancer like steroids.

Roger Pielke Jr., an expert in sports governance and a professor of environmental studies at the University of Colorado Boulder, claims that “the deeper reality was that the Clinton administration’s focus on anti-doping regulations helped serve its domestic policy agenda, which was focused on waging a war on drugs.”

In 1998, the United States pledged an unprecedented $1 million to assist the IOC in its mission to eradicate drugs from elite sports. Barry McCaffrey, director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy, was adamant that recreational drugs such as cannabis should be just as much of a priority for the international sports community as performance-enhancing drugs.

“We raise Olympic athletes up on international pedestals for all the world’s children to look up to as role models—it is vital that the message they send is drug-free,” McCaffrey wrote in a 10-page memo to the IOC. “The goal of this whole effort must be to prevent Olympic medals and the Olympic movement from being tarnished by drugs.”

Snowboarder Ross Rebagliati at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan, where he won gold for Canada in the men's giant slalom. Image Credit: Mark Sandten, Bongarts, Getty Images

According to Pielke, Rebagliati’s case gave the U.S. government the leverage it needed to lobby U.S. anti-doping leaders to include marijuana on the World Anti-Doping Agency’s (WADA) Prohibited List.

WADA was established in 1999 through a collective initiative led by the IOC, and maintains the World Anti-Doping Code and prohibited list. Its key role is to standardize anti-doping regulations globally for Olympic sports. Director McCaffrey led the U.S. delegation at the first official meeting of WADA, after which “WADA looked far more like the institution the United States and its other international partners called for, than the original IOC-formed WADA” according to a report from the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) on the agency’s actions and accomplishments from 1993-2000. The United States is also the largest individual contributor to WADA, which receives half of its funding from the IOC, and half from governments around the world. In 2020, the U.S. pledged over $2.7 million of the $37.4 million WADA budget.

Despite the U.S. government’s stance on social drugs, the ONDCP acknowledged that the athletic community itself was less concerned about cannabis than about performance-enhancing substances, like anabolic steroids, which can promote tissue growth and muscle generation and shorten recovery time after a workout.

“In the course of our efforts to put in place an IOC ban on marijuana, athletes and sports officials at all levels—ranging from Olympians to high school coaches to youth athletes—informed ONDCP that they felt that the more urgent drug threat within the sports world was the use of performance enhancing drugs,” the ONDCP report stated. These concerns, the report notes, were “scientifically grounded” by the results of the 1999 Monitoring the Future survey, which concluded that youth steroid use increased roughly 50% over the prior year’s study.

Why Is Cannabis Banned?

According to WADA, any substance may be included on its prohibited list if it meets two of three criteria: it has the potential to be performance enhancing, it poses a potential or actual health risk to the athlete, or it violates the “spirit of the sport.”

WADA did not respond to questions from NOVA about the prohibited list or cannabis’s status on the list. But several recent studies investigate whether cannabis has performance-enhancing qualities in athletic competition. A 2020 literature review by researchers not associated with WADA concluded, “there appears to be no reason based on current data to believe that cannabis has any significant ergogenic [performance-enhancing] effect.” An independent 2021 review echoed that conclusion, saying cannabis “does not act as a sport performance enhancing agent as raised by popular beliefs.”

“In no circumstances is (cannabis) ever a performance enhancing substance. It is a net negative in terms of athletic ability and performance,” says Jeff Anderson, a professor of radiology and imaging sciences at the University of Utah who studies how the brain responds to compounds found in cannabis. “On the whole, people under the influence of THC are not able to perform as well on cognitive tests, they have slowed reaction times, decreased executive function, decreased attention.”

Two decades after WADA banned cannabis, U.S. track and field sprinter Sha’Carri Richardson delivered a show-stopping performance at the Olympic trials, followed by an emotional interview in which she said she learned the week before that her birth mother had died. However, Richardson’s dreams of competing at the (delayed) 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo were dashed when she tested positive for THC, renewing a discussion about cannabis’s impact on performance.

Since cannabis was banned, the public perception and legal landscape surrounding its use have changed greatly. While cannabis is illegal at a federal level, medical cannabis is legal in 37 states, and cannabidiol (CBD)—reportedly used by 1 in 7 Americans—is no longer prohibited by WADA. In the court of public opinion, where Rebagliati once found infamy, Richardson found support, and her case left many questioning the science behind cannabis’s prohibited status.

“Drug testing is yet another tool of the drug war, and it’s a failure,” Kassandra Frederique, executive director of the Drug Policy Alliance, said in a statement. “Sha’Carri’s suspension serves as a cautionary tale and a reminder of how insidious the drug war is in our everyday lives, far beyond the carceral state.”

Sha'Carri Richardson looks on after winning the women's 100 meter final at the U.S. Olympic Track & Field Team Trials on June 19, 2021 in Eugene, Oregon. Image Credit: Patrick Smith, Getty Images

Cannabis In The Body

Under the guidelines outlined by WADA, “all natural and synthetic cannabinoids that mimic the effects of THC are prohibited, however CBD is not prohibited.”

A cannabinoid is a compound that—no matter the source—interacts with cannabinoid receptors, which are found in nearly every organ in the human body. THC, for example, affects cannabis users by binding to cannabinoid receptors in and outside the brain, causing cells to behave differently. (The receptors also bind with the body’s natural cannabis-like chemicals, called endocannabinoids.)

Since the 1998 Winter Olympics, the THC metabolite limit for Olympic athletes has been raised from 15 nanograms per milliliter to 180, purportedly to only detect in-competition use of cannabis. However, the length of time cannabis will stay in a person’s system depends on frequency of use and the amount consumed.

This has to do with the way cannabis is metabolized. When smoked, ingested, or otherwise consumed, cannabinoids are absorbed and retained in many parts of the body, particularly fatty tissue. Eventually, the THC byproducts are released and excreted through urine. However, daily consumers of cannabis accumulate THC faster than it can be removed from the body, reports Lia Tabackman for Insider Health.

“Urine testing is one of the most common drug testing methods,” notes Tabackman. It is also widely used in elite sports.

According to a 2008 report on drug screening in the journal Mayo Clinic Proceedings, cannabis can be detected in urine for up to three days after a single use. For moderate users (4 times per week), cannabis can still be detected 5 to 7 days after last use. And in heavy daily smokers, it can be detected in urine for up to 30 days or more after they stop.

But when it comes to quantifying behavioral impairment while using cannabis, a National Institute of Justice study led by researchers from RTI International found that measuring THC levels in blood, urine, and oral fluid were not reliable indicators of marijuana intoxication, regardless of how the cannabis was consumed.

“Drug testing does nothing to show current impairment,” Frederique said in a statement. The [United States Anti-Doping Agency] must undo this archaic, inhumane, and unscientific policy.”

"An Actual or Potential Health Risk"

In addition to prohibiting it, WADA considers THC a substance of abuse, meaning it is “frequently abused in society outside the context of sport.” Cocaine, heroin, and MDMA (ecstasy) are also on this list.

Some mental health experts have expressed concern over the development of cannabis use disorders, which may lead to increased anxiety or depressive disorders.

“I'm among the group that wishes to see cannabis remain on the prohibited list,” says David McDuff, an addiction, trauma, and sports psychiatrist who has served on the IOC's Consensus Panel on Mental Health in Elite Athletes.

When McDuff was working at University of Maryland College Park, he says he was shocked by the level of mental health symptoms and disorders within the college athlete population, and that the number of athletes using cannabis on a regular basis jumped across a number of sports.

“I was referred to the substance misuse cases and many of them had comorbid anxiety or depressive disorders along with their cannabis use disorder,” says McDuff. “As a clinician, I can't help but tie its use to reduced performance academically and athletically.”

Other experts say that while the risk of cannabis abuse is real, it is unfair to not apply the same standards to alcohol, which was no longer prohibited as of 2018.

“Alcohol is something that’s far riskier than cannabis use for health, in terms of morbidity and mortality,” Angela Bryan, a professor of psychology and neuroscience at the University of Colorado Boulder, told Scientific American. “I think [cannabis] should be treated like other drugs that people use for various reasons—alcohol, caffeine, nicotine. It should be regulated, but I don’t think it should be banned.”

McDuff points out that if cannabis is considered a substance of abuse, alcohol should be as well. “Alcohol use would surely violate all three of WADA's criteria.”

In September, WADA announced that it is reviewing cannabis’s status as a prohibited substance, but that it will remain prohibited in competition through 2022. The announcement followed a summer of negative media attention and criticism following Richardson’s suspension.

In response to a request from lawmakers to revisit its policies on cannabis, WADA pointed out that historically, the U.S. has been “one of the most vocal and strong advocates for including cannabinoids on the Prohibited List.”

“WADA has, for more than two decades, faithfully and obediently followed U.S. demands to assist in supporting its domestic drug policy agenda,” says Pielke, “only now to find itself subject to criticism from U.S. policymakers.”

[7ooo-ru]

WADA не будет менять юристов на слушаниях дела Валиевой в Спортивном арбитражном суде

Команда юристов швейцарской конторы Kellerhals Carrard продолжит представлять интересы Всемирного антидопингового агентства (WADA) на слушаниях дела российской фигуристки Камилы Валиевой в Спортивном арбитражном суде (CAS), которые продолжатся 9-10 ноября.

Подробнее https://7ooo.ru/group/2023/11/07/522-wada-nebudet-menyat-yuristov-naslushaniyah-dela-valievoy-vsportivnom-arbitrazhnom-sude-grss-254580730.html

[investigationnews-ch]

Gegen neuen Visana-CEO lief Ethik-Investigation

Angelo Eggli, Allianz Partners, bald Krankenkassen-Boss, nannte sich „Machete“ – Unflätiges über Ausländer – Ermittler abgesetzt.

Gegen Angelo Eggli, den designierten Chef der Berner Visana, eine der grössten Krankenkassen des Landes mit 1’300 Mitarbeitern, lief am alten Ort eine grosse Ethik-Untersuchung.

Es ging um Egglis Führungsstil bei der Allianz Partners, die damals noch Allianz Global Assistance hiess, eine Art weltweiter TCS mit über 10’000 Mitarbeitern.

Eggli, von Haus aus Jurist, hatte Ende 2014 beim Schweizer Ableger der Allianz Partners mit Sitz in Wallisellen ZH das Kommando übernommen.

Sein Chef wollte ihn laut mehreren Quellen loswerden, musste dann aber selbst das Feld räumen. Seither kommandiert Eggli rund 300 Mitarbeiter.

Rasch wechselte der Berner Advokat fast die gesamte Geschäftsleitung und erste Kaderstufe aus. Ziel sei es gewesen, Ja-Sager um sich zu scharen, die ihm nicht die Stirn bieten würden, sagt eine Quelle.

Egglis Vorgehen gab intern zu reden. Selbst gab er sich den Übernamen „Machete“. Andere waren bei ihm „Onkel Tom“, „Bademeister“, der „Doktor“. Er begründete harte Massnahmen gerne mit seinem Glauben. Alle müssten „Busse tun“, und zwar eine „katholische Busse“.

Egglis SMS-Führungsstil war im Kader der Allianz Partners gefürchtet. Ab 22 Uhr nachts, wenn er vom Hometrainer abstieg, sollen 20 und mehr SMS nicht unüblich gewesen sein – pro Nacht.

Auch am Wochenende gab es für Egglis Kader keine Verschnaufpause, berichten übereinstimmend Auskunftsleute. Von Samstag früh an sei man mit Befehlen per Handy bombardiert worden.

Egglis Führungsstil führte zu unzähligen Arbeitsprozessen. Ein Ex-Finanzchef seines Teams, der über 15 Jahre lang für die Firma tätig war, ist bis heute am Kämpfen mittels Klage.

Bei den meisten Auseinandersetzungen war hingegen schon beim Friedensrichter Schluss – zu wenig Substanz hatten offenbar die Vorwürfe des Allianz-Managers.

Eggli machte trotzdem immer weiter mit Prozessieren. Er gab geschätzte Hunderttausende von Franken für Klagen gegen Ex-Mitarbeiter aus. Ziel waren Konkurrenzverbote gegen die Leute.

Meistens nutzte Eggli dafür einen Partner des Zürcher Ablegers der Berner Rechtsanwalts-Kanzlei Kellerhals Carrard. Der Anwalt verfasste in einem Fall eine Klage über 50 Seiten. Der Richter sah darauf nichts, was man dem Ex-Kadermann vorwerfen könnte. Der Prozess wurde eingestellt.

Auf Kununu, einem Portal für Angestellte, um ihren Arbeitgeber zu benoten, häuften sich schlechte Zeugnisse. „Himmeltrauriger Arbeitgeber“, titelte jemand im Frühling 2015, „Leider nicht mehr empfehlenswert“ hiess es im Sommer 2016.

Da passierte etwas, mit dem Eggli nicht gerechnet hat. Adam Mrozowski, der von einer angehängten Firma aus für die Informatik der Allianz Partners Schweiz zuständig war, wurde zum Whistleblower.

Mrozowski, ein Pole, der als Unternehmer mit einer eigenen Informatikfirma grossen Erfolg gehabt hatte, erhob schwere Vorwürfe gegen den Berner.

Am 9. September 2016 fragte der Manager bei den für Ethik und Personal zuständigen Allianz-Verantwortlichen nach, ob Egglis Führungsstil zur Allianz-Philosophie passe und dem Ethikcode des Multis entspreche.

„On Wednesday 2.12.2015 we had a management meeting with our CEO Angelo Eggli where he said in front of over 30 department managers the following sentences”, führte Mrozowski aus.

„Stop hiring foreigners! Swiss company can be successful only if it’s managed by Swiss people. Nobody in Switzerland wants to deal with foreigners and in my company we must have only Swiss employees otherwise we will not be successful. In my company foreigners will not make careers any more.”

Der Pole legte in seinem Email an die Allianz-Zentrale seinem damaligen Chef dann noch Kräftigeres in den Mund. In einem Telefongespräch diese Woche bestätigte Mrozowski sein Vorgehen von damals.

„Für mich war klar, dass ich etwas gegen Angelo Egglis Führungsstil unternehmen musste“, meinte Mrozowski in der Unterhaltung. „Es darf nicht sein, dass ein CEO einer grossen Firma wie Allianz sich derart abschätzig und beleidigend über Mitarbeiter äussert“

Er sei „längst nicht der Einzige im Kader“ gewesen, der „dies so sah“, meinte der Informatiker. Er selbst habe sich damals entschieden zu kündigen. Nicht aber, ohne Egglis Führungsstil zu melden.

Die Zuständigen im Allianz-Konzern reagierten rasch. Eine Art Taskforce wurde gebildet, mit dem Ziel, eine Geheimoperation durchzuführen.

Mit dabei: der Leiter Compliance, der aus historischen Gründen in Paris sass, die Chefin Personal mit Arbeitsort in der Allianz-Zentrale in München, ein Forensiker, auch er aus München.

Auch der weltweite Ehtik-Chef der Allianz war im Bild. Alle wussten, was es geschlagen hat. Operation Eggli konnte beginnen.

Am 4. November 2016 war High Noon. 5 Leute der Allianz quartierten sich im Hotel Krone in Zürich Unterstrass ein. Drei von ihnen gingen als eine Art Überfallkommando zur Allianz in Wallisellen und informierten Eggli und seine Geschäftsleitung über die Untersuchung.

Zwei empfingen im Hotel Betroffene. Diese schilderten ihre Erlebnisse mit Eggli. Lange Protokolle wurden unterzeichnet, SMS und andere Beweisstücke eingesammelt.

Danach wurde es ruhig. Eggli blieb auf seinem Stuhl. Mehrere Wochen später hiess es, die Untersuchung habe nichts Schwerwiegendes zutage gefördert.

Für Whistleblower Mrozowski unverständlich. „Kurz nach der Untersuchung wurde der Leiter Compliance in Paris entlassen. Und mir wurde ein Job weit weg von Angelo Eggli angeboten. Eggli aber blieb. Seine Resultate im Geschäft machten ihn unangreifbar.“

Inzwischen sind die Zahlen schlechter geworden. Die sogenannte Combinded Ratio, die zeigt, wie effizient eine Versicherung arbeitet, hat sich deutlich verschlechtert.

Nicht Teil der Untersuchung war Egglis Geschäftspraxis. Er liess Allianz-Daten auf einem externen Server eines Partners laufen. Die Kosten dafür betrugen mehrere Zehntausend Franken. Dabei handelte es sich nur um einen Miniaufwand.

Eine Sprecherin der Allianz in München schrieb, man würde sich „grundsätzlich … nicht zu Interna“ äussern. Eggli nimmt wie folgt Stellung:

„Bei Allianz Partners Schweiz gab es in den letzten 5 Jahren 3 Arbeitgeberkündigungen, im Rahmen welcher Forderungen vor dem Friedensrichter bzw. Arbeitsgericht geltend gemacht wurden. In keinem der Fälle, die allesamt einvernehmlich verglichen wurden, ist eine rechtswidrige oder missbräuchliche Vertragsauflösung festgestellt worden.“

Zu seinem Führungsstil mit den Übernamen meint er: „Das ist nicht korrekt. Uns sind aber in diesem Zusammenhang gefälschte SMS bekannt.“

Zu den SMS-Aufträgen an Mitarbeiter rund um die Uhr und wie das zur zukünftigen Führungsaufgabe beim Krankenversicherer Visana passe sagt Eggli:

„Allianz Partners (vormals Allianz Global Assistance) betreibt eine 24/7-Notruf- und Assistancezentrale, wo wir rund um die Uhr Menschen helfen, die in Notsituationen sind. Unser Business läuft also rund um die Uhr. Bei meinem neuen Arbeitgeber wird das so nicht mehr der Fall sein.“

Schliesslich sieht er sich durch die Untersuchung der Allianz-Zentrale wegen seines Führungsstils nicht belastet, sondern gänzlich entlastet.

„Aufgrund von Vorwürfen eines leitenden Mitarbeiters in gekündigtem Arbeitsverhältnis gegen das Unternehmen und gegen mich als CEO der Schweizer Einheit musste die Compliance-Abteilung am Hauptsitz in Frankreich von Amtes wegen eine interne Untersuchung einleiten. Die umfassenden Prüfungen ergaben, dass alle im Raum stehenden Unterstellungen haltlos waren, und ich wurde vollständig entlastet.“

[keanicello]

How is marijuana performance enhancing

Weed (pot) is going through a broad administrative audit in numerous worldwide locales for clinical and nonmedical access. Marijuana possibly affects the soundness of competitors as well as on execution in both preparation and in contest. The point of this general survey is to recognize and feature the moves in deciphering data as for world class athletic execution, and to highlight significant examination regions that should be tended to.

Information Sources:

A nonsystematic writing survey was conducted involving Medline and PubMed for articles connected with pot/maryjane use and sports/athletic execution; abstracts were evaluated by lead writers and key subjects recognized and investigated.

Primary Outcomes:

Marijuana might be principally breathed in or ingested orally for a scope of clinical and nonmedical reasons; proof for viability is restricted however encouraging for constant torment the board. Despite the fact that proof for serious damages from pot use on the well-being of competitors is restricted, one ought to be perceptive of the potential for misuse and emotional well-being issues. Albeit the predominance of pot use among tip top competitors isn't notable, use is related with specific high-risk sports. There is no proof for weed use as an exhibition improving medication.

Now that cannabis is legitimate in a few pieces of the U.SScientists are beginning to expose a few fantasies about mar jane. Simultaneously, weed's social disgrace is starting to relax — to such an extent, as a matter of fact, that competitors and wellness masters who commend weed's health benefits are beginning to challenge the generalisation of sluggish, overweight stoners.

In any case, is pot genuinely a marvel drug that upgrades athletic execution or do its negative secondary effects offset its advantages?

We addressed a few specialists in medication, wellness, and the pot business about how weed might possibly benefit or hurt your wellness.

At the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan, snowboarding made its presentation as an Olympic game. Presently not consigned to the edges, snowboarders took to the snow-covered pinnacles of Mount Yakebitai, and 26-year-old Canadian Ross Rebagliati rose to worldwide acclaim. However, not long after he won gold in the goliath slalom occasion, a medication test uncovered 17.8 nanograms per millilitre of THC, the psychoactive compound in marijuana, in Rebagliati's framework, which he actually attributes to handed-down cigarette smoke.

"Marijuana in those days was viewed as being for failures and sluggish stoners," Rebagliati told The New York Times. "The huge corporate backers would have rather not supported me. I turned into a wellspring of diversion, a joke. I went from legend to zero for the time being."

Rebagliati was at first deprived of his award, but since marijuana had not been authoritatively prohibited by the Global Olympic Board (IOC), he was eventually ready to keep the gold. Two months after his bombed drug test, the IOC formally prohibited weed because of its illegal status as a social medication.

The politicization of pot

As the conflict on drugs was pursued on America's roads, it was likewise working out in sports fields all over the planet. "We needed to draw an illustration from Nagano," IOC Chief General Francois Carrard told the Related Press in 1998. "The IOC needs to stand firm against social medication."

Ruler Alexandre de Merode, executive of the IOC clinical commission at that point, added that marijuana ought to be prohibited despite the fact that it doesn't go about as an exhibition enhancer like steroids.

Roger Pielke JrA specialist in sports administration and a teacher of ecological examinations at the College of Colorado Rock, guarantees that "the more deeply the truth was that the Clinton organisation's emphasis on the enemy of doping guidelines helped serve its homegrown strategy plan, which was centred around pursuing a conflict on drugs."

In 1998, the US swore an exceptional $1 million to help the IOC in its main goal to destroy drugs from world class sports. Barry McCaffrey, head of the Workplace of Public Medication Control Strategy, was inflexible that sporting medications, for example, weed ought to be similarly as a very remarkable need for the worldwide games local area as execution improving medications.

"We raise Olympic competitors up on global platforms for every one of the world's youngsters to gaze upward to as good examples — the message they genuinely should send is without drugs," McCaffrey wrote in a 10-page notice to the IOC. "The objective of this entire exertion should be to forestall Olympic awards and the Olympic development from being discoloured by drugs."

As per Pielke, Rebagliati's case gave the U.S. government the influence it expected to campaign U.S. hostile to doping pioneers to remember pot for the World Enemy of Doping Organization's (WADA) Denied Rundown.

WADA was laid out in 1999 through an aggregate drive driven by the IOC, and keeps up with the World Enemy of Doping Code and disallowed list. Its key job is to normalise against doping guidelines around the world for Olympic games. Chief McCaffrey drove the U.S. designation at the primary authority meeting of WADA, after which "WADA looked undeniably more like the organisation the US and its other worldwide accomplices called for, than the first IOC-shaped WADA" as indicated by a report from the White House Office of Public Medication Control Strategy (ONDCP) on the office's activities and achievements from 1993-2000. The US is likewise the biggest individual supporter of WADA, which gets half of its financing from the IOC, and half from legislatures all over the planet. In 2020, the U.S. promised more than $2.7 million of the $37.4 million WADA financial plan.

Regardless of the U.S. government's position on friendly medications, the ONDCP recognized that the athletic local area itself was less worried about weed than about execution upgrading substances, such as anabolic steroids, which can advance tissue development and muscle age and abbreviate recuperation time after an exercise.

"Over our endeavours to set up an IOC prohibition on maryjane, competitors and sports authorities at all levels — going from Olympians to secondary school mentors to youth competitors — informed ONDCP that they felt that the more pressing medication danger inside the games world was the utilisation of execution improving medications," the ONDCP report expressed. These worries, the report notes, were "deductively grounded" by the consequences of the 1999 Observing the Future review, which reasoned that adolescent steroid utilisation expanded generally half over the earlier year's review.

For what reason is marijuana restricted?

As per WADA, any substance might be remembered for its restricted rundown in the event that it meets two of three models: it can possibly be execution improving, it represents a potential or genuine wellbeing hazard to the competitor, or it disregards the "soul of the game."

WADA didn't answer inquiries from NOVA about the disallowed rundown or marijuana's status on the rundown. Be that as it may, a few ongoing examinations explore whether pot has execution improving characteristics in athletic rivalry. A 2020 writing survey by specialists not related with WADA concluded, "there gives off an impression of being not a great explanation in view of current information to accept that pot has any critical ergogenic [performance-enhancing] impact." A free 2021 survey repeated that end, saying pot "doesn't go about as a game execution upgrading specialist as raised by mainstream views."

"In no conditions is (marijuana) ever an exhibition improving substance. It is a net negative with regards to athletic capacity and execution," says Jeff Anderson, a teacher of radiology and imaging sciences at the College of Utah who concentrates on how the cerebrum answers intensifies tracked down in marijuana. "All in all, individuals affected by THC can't proceed too on mental tests, they have eased back response times, diminished chief capability, diminished consideration."

Twenty years after WADA prohibited pot, U.S. olympic style events runner Sha'Carri Richardson conveyed a show-halting execution at the Olympic preliminaries, trailed by a profound meeting in which she said she took in the week prior to that her introduction to the world mother had passed on. Be that as it may, Richardson's fantasies about contending at the (postponed) 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo were run when she tested positive for THC, recharging a conversation about marijuana's effect on execution.

Since weed was prohibited, the public insight and legitimate scene encompassing its utilisation have changed significantly. While marijuana is unlawful at a government level, clinical weed is legitimate in 37 states, and cannabidiol (CBD) — supposedly involved by 1 of every 7 Americans — is not generally restricted by WADA. In the court of popular assessment, where Rebagliati once found ignominy, Richardson tracked down help, and her case abandoned many scrutinising the science pot's restricted status.

"Drug testing is one more device of the medication war, and it's a disappointment," Kassandra Frederique, chief overseer of the Medication Strategy Coalition, said in an explanation. "Sha'Carri's suspension fills in as a wake up call and a sign of how deceptive the medication war is in our regular daily existence, a long way past the carceral state."

Weed in the body

Under the rules illustrated by WADA, "all regular and manufactured cannabinoids that mirror the impacts of THC are denied, but CBD isn't restricted."

A cannabinoid is a compound that — regardless of the source — communicates with cannabinoid receptors, which are tracked down in virtually every organ in the human body. THC, for instance, influences pot clients by restricting to cannabinoid receptors in and outside the cerebrum, making cells act in an unexpected way. (The receptors additionally tie with the body's normal weed-like synthetics, called endocannabinoids.)

Since the 1998 Winter Olympics, the THC metabolite limit for Olympic competitors has been raised from 15 nanograms for every millilitre to 180, purportedly to just identify in-rivalry utilisation of marijuana. Nonetheless, the period of time weed will remain in an individual's framework relies upon recurrence of purpose and the sum consumed.

This has to do with how weed is used. When smoked, ingested, or generally consumed, cannabinoids are assimilated and held in many pieces of the body, especially greasy tissue. Ultimately, the THC side-effects are delivered and discharged through pee. Nonetheless, day to day customers of weed amass THC quicker than it tends to be taken out from the body, reports Lia Tabackman for Insider Wellbeing.

"Pee testing is one of the most widely recognized drug testing strategies," notes Tabackman. It is additionally generally utilised in first class sports.

As per a 2008 report on drug separating the diary Mayo Facility Procedures, marijuana can be recognized in pee for as long as three days after a solitary use. For moderate clients (4 times each week), marijuana can in any case be distinguished 5 to 7 days after last use. Also, in weighty everyday smokers, it very well may be identified in pee for as long as 30 days or more after they stop.

In any case, with regards to evaluating conduct disability while utilising pot, a Public Organization of Equity concentrate on drove by scientists from RTI Worldwide found that estimating THC levels in blood, pee, and oral liquid were not solid marks of pot inebriation, paying little mind to how the marijuana was drunk.

"Drug testing never really shows current debilitation," Frederique said in a proclamation. The [United States Hostile to Doping Agency] should fix this obsolete, coldhearted, and informal arrangement."

"A genuine or potential well being risk"

As well as restricting it, WADA looks at THC as a substance of misuse, meaning it is "much of the time mishandled in the public eye outside the setting of the game." Cocaine, heroin, and MDMA (delight) are likewise on this rundown.

Some emotional well-being specialists have communicated worry over the improvement of pot use problems, which might prompt expanded nervousness or burdensome issues.

"I'm among the gathering that desires to see marijuana stay on the disallowed list," says David McDuff, a habit, injury, and sports specialist who has served on the IOC's Agreement Board on Emotional wellness in Tip top Competitors.

At the point when McDuff was working at College of Maryland School Park, he says he was stunned by the degree of psychological well-being, side effects and problems inside the school competitor populace, and that the quantity of competitors utilising marijuana consistently bounced across various games.

"I was alluding to the substance abuse cases and large numbers of them had comorbid nervousness or burdensome problems alongside their pot use jumble," says McDuff. "As a clinician, I can't resist the urge to attach its utilisation to decreased execution scholastically and physically."

Different specialists express that while the gamble of pot misuse is genuine, it is out of line to not follow similar guidelines to liquor, which was not generally disallowed starting around 2018.

"Liquor is something far less secure than marijuana use for wellbeing, with regards to grimness and mortality," Angela Bryan, a teacher of brain science and neuroscience at the College of Colorado Rock, told Logical American. "I think [cannabis] ought to be dealt with like different medications that individuals use in light of multiple factors — liquor, caffeine, nicotine. It ought to be managed, however I don't think it ought to be restricted."

McDuff brings up that assuming marijuana is viewed as a substance of misuse, liquor ought to be too. "Liquor use would most likely disregard every one of the three of WADA's standards."

In September, WADA declared that it is exploring pot's status as a denied substance, however that it will stay disallowed in rivalry through 2022. The declaration followed a late spring of negative media consideration and analysis following Richardson's suspension.

Because of a solicitation from legislators to return to its strategies on weed, WADA brought up that by and large, the U.S. has been "one of the most vocal and solid supporters for including cannabinoids on the Precluded Rundown."

"WADA has, for over twenty years, dependably and submissively followed U.S. requests to help with supporting its homegrown medication strategy plan," says Pielke, "just now to wind up dependent upon analysis from U.S. policymakers."

[aramblingjay]

I swear they talked more about Jamie on this Overlap episode than Stevie himself (I’m not complaining)

On wanting to meet Brent from The Office:

On Batman being his favorite superhero:

On karaoke:

On punditry:

[cuti-romeros]

A little carrard friendship fic inspired by this stevie & jamie interview before istanbul

For @zingaplanet ❤️

-

Jamie jokes and jokes, but he never ever says it straight and serious to Stevie’s face: don’t go.

The papers report that Steven Gerrard will make up his mind at the end of the season. Each of the forty-seven versions of that headline are shoved in his face every time he steps out in the city, so much that he can hardly leave his doorstep without someone asking him is Stevie staying, or worse, make sure he stays, or worst of all, we don’t want him anyways.

Rather than answer, he mostly just stops leaving his doorstep. They have a chance at the Champions League, and if there’s anything that’ll convince Stevie to stay, it’s a trophy. That trophy. So he puts his head down and trains harder than he ever has in his life and yells at anyone who looks like they’re even close to phoning it in and hopes desperately it’ll be enough.

(He would pray too, maybe, but this decision isn’t up to any god, it’s up to Stevie. And Jamie wouldn’t dare take that power away from him)

The thing is, Chelsea would be a good move. Stevie would lift trophies, taste success, win and lose and draw without carrying the weight of an entire city’s expectations into every match. But Jamie is a selfish bastard, and he can’t tell Stevie to go.

He also can’t tell him to stay.

If Stevie stays, it has to be because he wants to be here, because he sees a future here, because he’s happy here. Not because Jamie dragged him into a corner and emotionally blackmailed him into it. Not because Jamie looked into his eyes and said stay for me, the way he’s been tempted to do since the start of last season, and Stevie listened.

Because he would listen. Jamie is sure of very little in his life these days, but he’s sure of this. If he asked, really, truly, all-defenses-bared asked, Stevie would stay.

So he doesn’t ask.

-

They make it further than they have any right to. No one expects them to beat Juve, the Italian champions, in the Quarters, and when they get to the semis, Jamie only has time to think please anyone but Chelsea before the results come in and they’re playing fucking Chelsea.

Of course they are.

Stevie never brings it up himself, far too much of a professional for that, but the media circus is unbearable. The Steven Gerrard playoff, they brand it, as if he’s some piece of meat they’re haggling over, as if Stevie has so little agency that he’ll just hand himself over to whoever wins the tie at the full-time whistle. It’s the biggest load of bollocks Jamie’s ever read—if all Stevie needed to decide his future was the outcome of a head-to-head game, he’d have left to London or Manchester or even fucking Birmingham by now.

And yet. And yet. Jamie barely sleeps the night before, tossing and turning to increasingly nightmarish scenarios of scoring the own goal that knocks Liverpool out of the Champions League and Stevie out of his life for good. Breaks out in a cold sweat on the team bus when he sits down next to Stevie, as always, and realizes there might be a different face in that seat next season depending on how the next ninety minutes goes.

Perhaps predictably, the first leg ends in a draw. Stalemate. Something about that feels very fitting, given the context of the game—neither club gaining anything, both standing to lose everything, all eyes on what Stevie will do. Still, Jamie is proud of the clean sheet at Stamford Bridge, even more so when Stevie gives him a massive hug after the game and says halfway there low in his ear like a promise.

(He reads a comment in one particularly nasty paper the next morning that Stevie wasn’t trying his hardest because his heart was already blue, and strongly considers driving over to burn the whole establishment to the ground)

The second leg is—it’s fire in his lungs, full-pelt defending for ninety minutes, heart crawling into his throat every time a blue shirt gets within ten yards of the box, a flash of fear after every tackle because one more booking means he misses the final, one eye always on the clock as it crawls forward molasses-slow. It feels like playing for the fate of his whole world.

What’s really on the line is Stevie, which might as well be the same thing.

Finally, finally, finally, the whistle blows. Jamie can barely hear the fans cheering over the ringing in his ears, the rush of blood to his head as he collapses bodily onto the pitch. They’re going to a Champions League final.

And Stevie is—not leaving just yet, at the very least.

They’ve made it further than anyone expected, but almost isn’t good enough. Not for Stevie, who deserves to lift trophies above his head every single season, not when he’s nearly accepted he might need to wear a different color to do it.

“Jamie!” Stevie shouts, grabbing onto his shoulders and shaking him like he’s trying to make sure it’s not all a dream. “J, we did it!” A sound of pure pleasure bubbles out of Stevie’s throat, somewhere between a giggle and a laugh and a cheer all in one, and Jamie grins so wide his face hurts.

Just one more game, and maybe he gets to keep this a little longer.

-

Before the final, as ever with these things, there’s an interview. Sky somehow get him and Stevie and two cameras into a room with four European Cups gleaming proudly behind their chairs, and the sight of the trophies makes his heart skip a beat.

“Don’t touch the cups,” Jamie says to Stevie as soon as they walk in. It’s superstition, but they need every advantage. “Not unless you wanna lose.” Not unless you wanna leave, he doesn’t say, but maybe Stevie hears him anyway.

The interview touches on a lot of different topics, but eventually, the question comes. Does winning the Champions League have any bearing on your decision to stay or go?

And Jamie knows the answer, has always known the answer even though they’ve never actually talked about it in as many words, yet something in him still cracks when Stevie says, immediately, flatly, “Yeah.”

The Chelsea game may not have been a Steven Gerrard playoff, but this one feels a lot like it is. They win, he stays. They lose, and Jamie’ll lose everything too.

-

He dreams, the night before.

“Madrid want me,” Mickey says, unable to hide his excitement. The words echo over and over. Madrid want me Madrid want me Madrid want me Madrid want me Madrid want me—

“You’re not going though? You wouldn’t—” You wouldn’t leave me, would you?

“Carra, it’s Madrid.” There’s something sad and very, very soft about his voice that hits Jamie harder than any insult he’s ever heard, any beating he’s ever taken. “I’m sorry.”

He wakes with his cheeks wet, and it’s only Stevie’s regular breaths from the other bed that lull him back to sleep.

-

The first half goes by mostly in flashes, snapshots and fragmented emotions.

Kickoff. He feels good, ready. The crowd are so up for it, he wouldn’t be surprised to hear that half the population of Merseyside is somehow packed into the stadium.

His first touch, first pass. Calms some of the jitters, ignites a few new ones. He’s just kicked a ball in a Champions League final—no one will ever take that away.

The first time the net bulges, the way it sends his heart sinking into his stomach.

The second time, how it silences the crowd, a sea of red that bellowed You’ll Never Walk Alone to spine-tingling effect just forty minutes prior. Shell-shock in the stands, shell-shock on the pitch.

The third goal. Time seems to stand still. There’s a tightness in his chest, suffocating, and he can barely draw breath. All he can think is that Stevie’s going to be wearing blue as early as tomorrow morning, and then he’ll be gone, lost to London, another in the long list of people who started out in Liverpool and never managed to stay.

He thinks of Michael and nearly falls to his knees right there on the grass. This is how it ends.

The whistle blows for halftime, and he’s never been happier to get off a football pitch in his life.

-

The dressing room is quiet. Not silent, the ever-present clatter of players adjusting shin pads and tightening bootlaces and guzzling down water humming away in the background (Jamie wants to tell them all to shut up and sit still, knows they aren’t 3-0 down because a shoelace was a little too loose), but quiet. Nobody speaks. Nobody know what to say.

The gaffer comes in and starts his tactical adjustments, but Jamie has eyes only for Stevie, sat four seats down from him with his hands covering his face and the captain’s armband tossed on the bench beside him. Jamie’s fully aware this disaster might be the last game they ever play together, and it makes his stomach roil.

He takes once glance at the updated lineup written on the board, just to be sure he isn’t coming off, and looks away as soon as he sees that Carragher is still there in fading red marker. That’s all the instruction he needs, really, because his role is quite simple—just make sure three doesn’t turn into four or five or six.

He doesn’t remember which match currently stands as the worst Champions League final defeat in history, all he knows is that it can’t become this one.

Faintly, the sound of the fans singing filters into the dressing room. There’s a somber, haunting quality to it, nothing like the jubilant, roaring You’ll Never Walk Alone from before the match, and somehow, that’s what makes the tears burn in the back of his throat. He hasn’t cried since leg was broken and every heartbeat was accompanied by a stab of white-hot pain, but this feels even worse than that.

Bones can heal, after all. Broken hearts, he has learned, never quite grow back whole.

All too soon, it’s time to head out again. Around the dressing room every face is grim, and on instinct he looks back at Stevie, a last grasp at comforting familiarity.

His heart lurches. Stevie looks—lost isn’t the right word, but it’s close to that, eyes hooded, mouth pressed into a frown, running the captain’s armband between his fingers like it’s some unknown object he’s trying to puzzle out.

The thought that he will never see this again, Stevie beside him in the dressing room wearing the Liverpool red, hits like a punch straight to the gut, and Jamie finds his feet moving toward Stevie, drawn like a magnet to its opposite pole. Before he’s really even conscious of what he’s doing, he takes the armband from Stevie’s fingers and twists it around in his own, heart pounding.

If it’s to be the last time, he wants to be the one to do it.

“Come on then, Stevie, lad.” He can’t look at Stevie. Won’t, because otherwise something very close to the s-word will slip out, and this would be the absolute worst time to give in to that particular temptation. “One more half.”

One more half left in the game. One more half as a Liverpool player. One more half together. One more half to turn this around.

Jamie cuts himself off there, letting Stevie decide which of the million and seven interpretations he chooses to take away from that, and slides the armband onto Stevie’s left bicep where it belongs. Where it’ll stay, for at least one more half.

“Yeah,” Stevie says quietly. His voice doesn’t shake, but it’s thin in a way that Jamie knows he’d never allow it to be when speaking to one of the other lads, someone he has to motivate. Captains can never be weak. He watches the bob of Stevie’s Adam’s apple as he swallows, like he holding back just as much as Jamie is. “Yeah, J.”

The nickname knocks the air straight from his lungs, and it takes Jamie several seconds to remember how to breathe.

Stay, he wants to scream, but he just gives Stevie a pat on the shoulder—lets his hand linger for the briefest moment, hopes it says everything he can’t put into words—and turns toward the tunnel.

One more half.

-

Turns out they don’t need a half. Just six minutes.

The first goal is pure relief, the truest form of a consolation goal he’s ever experienced. Knowing the supporters who travelled all this way have at least one thing to cheer about means more than he imagined it would.

The second goal is shock woven through with the faintest thread of hope. Maybe they could—maybe—

Even in his own head, the idea is almost too ludicrous to voice. But he feels it in the noise of the crowd and the frantic beat of his heart, the way even the air is charged like something electric is brewing in the stadium. Maybe they could.

The third goal is fear. There’s joy, too, a blinding, bursting euphoria for a few seconds, but it’s gone as quick as it came. He knows, somewhere deep down, that three goals is all they’re getting, each one a veritable miracle in itself, and they’re playing for penalties. Which means the best case scenario is that the next thirty minutes, plus another thirty of extra time, are going to be nonstop defending, the second leg of the Chelsea game but dialed up to a hundred.

It’s going to hurt.

But he sees Gerrard up on the scoreboard in gleaming white letters, and it’s fuel when his legs burn with cramp every time he moves, when every breath feels like a knife cutting him open from the inside, when the medics look him in the eye and ask if he wants to be stretchered off.

They win, and Stevie stays. One more tackle, one more block, and Stevie stays. How could Stevie not, if they win it like this, the greatest Champions League story ever told? They win, and Stevie stays. The truth of it is a better painkiller than any pill they might give him.

“No, no, I can carry on,” he says to them, and it’s the easiest decision he’s ever made.

He plays, and it hurts, but less than it would’ve to sit on the sidelines and watch the fate of the European Cup decided without him.

He plays, and they make it to penalties.

And then they win.

-

In the post-match euphoria, after the medals and the trophy lift and the confetti, he finds Stevie.

He can’t contain the smile on his face, hasn’t been able to wipe it off for the better part of an hour, and Stevie seems much the same.

“J, can you believe it!” Stevie says, and in this moment the nickname just curls in Jamie’s chest, soft and warm like a blanket. “European Cup winners!”

“Can’t believe it.” He shakes his head, catching sight of somebody posing with the trophy behind Stevie. The cup looks pretty real, at least. “No. Can’t believe it. Just keep looking around thinking, fuck, am I dreaming?”

“Best dream ever,” Stevie replies almost absently, starting to pull away in the direction of the trophy. Probably to give it another kiss or seven or twenty, the thrill nowhere close to wearing off.

Jamie almost lets him go. If this, doing the unthinkable, isn’t enough to keep Stevie here, nothing will ever be. He just has to hope it’s enough.

But Stevie must see something in his face, because he stops, takes a step toward him. “Jamie?”

“You must be staying now,” he says, still unable to make it anything other than a joke. It’s the closest he can come to asking, knowing that the ensuing answer will make or break absolutely everything about his enjoyment of tonight.

He didn’t know it was possible, but Stevie’s smile gets even wider.

And Jamie laughs before he’s even had a chance to say anything, the relief crashing over him in waves, a joy so heady it leaves him weak and dizzy.

Oh, thank the fucking gods.

[already-14]

Bal au château des Noailles (c. 1929), Man Ray. Photo: © Centre Pompidou, MNAM-CCI, dist. Rmn-Grand Palais/Guy Carrard; © Man Ray 2015 Trust/Adagp, Paris 2020

(via Man Ray’s forays into fashion | Apollo Magazine)

[anderperry]

just wanted to drop by and say i'm pretty sure we're the same person. as in same name same age both live in the uk. just read ur carrard and yeah this is sus but also hi do you want to be my best friend yk? <3 sorry this is weird

i never notice asks sorry this is so late but YES HELLO

[the-olympics-olympics]

Delirious man carried over finish line by coaches, wins marathon (St Louis 1904)

Thomas Hicks received from his trainers several doses of strychnine – a common rat poison, which stimulates the nervous system in small doses – mixed with brandy and egg white. He continued to battle onwards, hallucinating, and was barely able to walk for most of the course. When he reached the stadium, his support team carried him over the line, holding him in the air while he shuffled his feet as if still running. He won the gold medal.

Fatso the Fat-Arsed Wombat (Sydney 2000)

Fatso the Fat-Arsed Wombat was an unofficial mascot of the 2000 Summer Olympics created by Sydney cartoonist Paul Newell with Roy and HG from the Australian Channel Seven sports/comedy television program The Dream with Roy and HG. Fatso is a wombat with a lazy, cheerful expression and comically pronounced rump. During the Olympics, the Australian Olympic Committee attempted to ban athletes appearing with Fatso to stop him upstaging their official mascots. The ensuing public relations disaster forced the president of the AOC, John Coates, and the director general of the IOC, Francois Carrard, to distance their organizations from these attempts.

[yama-bato]

Paul Valéry, La Cantate du Narcisse, vingt images photographiques de Laure Albin Guillot 1942

Credit: Photo (C) Centre Pompidou, MNAM-CCI, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais / Guy Carrard      centre national d'art et de culture Georges-Pompidouhttp://www.centrepompidou.fr  

[cadapasso]

O projeto já foi finalizado e aprovado. Então, chegou a hora de compartilhar com vocês, car@s leitor@s.

Título do projeto: Ambientação e o Corpo Expressivo no Jogo Teatral

Nome da escola na qual será desenvolvido o projeto: Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental Doutor Jorge Guilherme Moojen

Nome da supervisora: Vânia Stiehl da Rosa

Nome da Orientadora/coordenadora: Marli Susana Carrard Sitta;

Nome dos Pibidianos que irão desenvolver o projeto: Daniela Reis, Gabriela Mauss, Joana Orth

Turmas em que realizarão o projeto: 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental;

Dia da semana: Quarta-feira

Horário: 13:30h às 14:40h

 Introdução

 A proposta deste projeto é ocupar os espaços da escola de formas diferentes da cotidiana, extracotidianas, visando ampliar o olhar deste espaço e as formas de ser/estar nele. Alinhado a isso, pretende-se desenvolver o conhecimento/consciência corporal dos alunos com o trabalho de criação de personagem, caminhando ao lado do processo de ambientação e aula-performance. Para isso utilizar-se-á de diversos recortes metodológicos entre eles os seguintes autores: Beatriz Cabral, Flávio Desgranges, Viola Spolin e Constantin Stanislaviski.

A ambientação cênica caracteriza-se pelos recursos utilizados para tornar o ambiente mais simbólico e pode ser composta pela união de diferentes recursos cênicos como a iluminação, cenografia e sonoplastia. O que, em outras palavras, pode-se citar como criar condições para o espaço da aula teatral. No caso deste projeto, além de propor as condições básicas como espaço amplo e arejado, iluminação adequada, pretende-se utilizar materiais, recursos visuais e sonoros para compor a construção de ambientes. Planeja-se com a ambientação proporcionar oportunidades para que o jogo teatral aconteça de forma lúdica e criativa.

Quando se fala em corpo expressivo relaciona-se a um corpo que fala sem o uso da comunicação verbal que trabalha como objeto principal e não como complemento da voz. Para Stanislávski, o corpo é essencial, pois “sem uma forma externa, nem sua caracterização interior nem o espírito da sua imagem chegarão até o público. A caracterização externa explica e ilustra e, assim, transmite aos espectadores o traçado interior do seu papel” (STANISLÁVSKI, p.27, 2016). Assim, formas corporificadas de experimentação são fundamentais, pois caracterizam e estimulam. Portanto, deve-se incentivar um andar diferenciado, o contanto com uma coluna vergada, uma perna manca, o falar com a boca para o lado, com a língua do céu da boca, com um braço preso, buscando novas formas para um mesmo corpo.

Seria, então, um corpo atento que utiliza seus recursos corpóreos, formas, movimentos, sons, alturas e muito mais, para se entregar ao momento, de forma intuitiva e permite, assim, espaço para inspiração e imaginação. O jogo teatral forma-se no corpo do aluno, pois para construir um personagem é necessário experimentar outras formas de ser, de se posicionar, de estar no mundo. Desta forma conhecendo o próprio corpo e procurando novas corporeidades. E tornando, enfim, este corpo expressivo.

Mas o que seria jogo teatral, ou jogos teatrais? Este foi sistematizado por Viola Spolin, influenciada pelas ideias de Stanislávski e Neva Boyd. Ela desenvolveu “um sistema visando o aprendizado da atuação teatral, criado para todos os que desejam expressar-se através do teatro” (DESGRANDES, p.109, 2017). Seu intuito era tornar a atuação das crianças mais livre, estimulando-as a construir seu próprio conhecimento sobre o fazer teatral, juntamente com o grupo experimentando e analisando o que foi feito. É um método que possibilita o treinamento em teatro e que será empregado neste projeto como propulsor de expressão e criação.

A escolha deste tema surge a partir de nossas observações na escola e da percepção de uma oportunidade, tanto quanto uma necessidade, de trabalhar além de exercícios teatrais, uma consciência corporal através deles. Dito isso, o questionamento norteador foi: “Como utilizar o espaço escolar e transformá-lo em um espaço cênico?”.

A partir da reflexão proposta pelo questionamento optou-se então por juntar duas vertentes: a) o corpo do personagem; b) a ambientação. Portanto, pretende-se dilatar a vivência do aluno, buscando ampliar sua criatividade perante este personagem, no meio do universo lúdico criado em sala de aula e/ou em espaços alternativos dentro da escola. Busca-se também, trabalhar com o método professor-personagem, onde em determinados encontros, as pibidianas assumirão o papel de personagem guia e irão direcionar os alunos para esse espaço lúdico.

 Objetivos

-Experimentar diferentes movimentos e deslocamentos corporais, para assim descobrir possibilidades deste corpo expressivo na construção de personagens;

-Observar e perceber o ritmo e o movimento existentes na natureza, nos objetos e nas pessoas (gestos e atitudes) e empregá-los nos jogos teatrais ou na construção de um repertório teatral;

-Potencializar a cooperação, dialogo e respeito mútuo nas experiências coletivas do fazer teatral.

Metodologia

 Considerando que os alunos da turma do 5° ano participaram do projeto Teatralizando Monteiro Lobato no ano anterior realizado por duas pibidianas presentes no atual projeto (Daniela Reis e Joana Orth), planeja-se retomar alguns dos exercícios. Num primeiro momento, dialogar-se-á com Viola Spolin aplicando seu método com a intenção de relembrar a breve introdução ao fazer teatral já realizada. E assim, conduzi-los durante o processo de criação de personagem.  

Durante este processo procurar-se-á um diálogo entre diferentes autores e suas metodologias e ideias, pois não se deseja executar e comprovar técnicas, mas sim, propiciar a experimentação teatral a partir de procedimentos referências na atuação das próprias pibidianas. Na pespectiva do autor:

Considerando que a criança brinca de faz de conta, cantando, dançando e vivendo personagens através da mudança de voz, do gesto, do uso de objetos ou de vestimentas, vivenciando espontaneamente situações cênicas. Estas favorecem a exploração das possibilidades expressivas do corpo e da voz e de utilização do espaço circundante, como também ampliam as possibilidades de comunicação e relacionamento com os outros (MÖDINGER, p112, 2012). 

Sendo assim, busca-se neste projeto explorar a atividade corporal e criatividade dos alunos, propiciando vivências através de simulações dos universos lúdicos dos personagens introduzidos na aula-perfomance e com as pibidianas atuando como professor-personagem buscando “intervir como mediador/a, aproveitando as situações criadas pelos alunos e orientando-os para que explorem diferentes formas de construção da sua expressão cênica a partir da exploração consciente dos signos” (MÖDINGER, p112, 2012). Para que os alunos tenham mais liberdade de improvisação e experimentação nas ambientações, iremos envolvê-los emocionalmente neste “pacote de estímulos”. Segundo Cabral:

Se o cruzamento dos artefatos, a história da origem do pacote e seu foco dramático forem convincentes e esteticamente bem resolvidos, a atenção ficará concentrada nos conflitos subjacentes à trama, e será afastada a possibilidade de a ação se transformar em mera ilustração das situações sugeridas. (p.37, 2012).

Não se procura uma aprendizagem diretiva, onde nós, bolsistas, seríamos detentoras do conhecimento, mas sim, a exploração e o contato relacional, onde sejam propostas ações e estas sejam construídas conjuntamente (BECKER, 2008).                                                                                                    Para realização do projeto serão utilizados alguns materiais como uso do celular para registro da experiência, podendo utilizar diversos recursos de mídia como plataforma de streaming, vídeo, fotografia, rádio. Estes registros também poderão ser utilizados para divulgação do trabalho realizado nos relatórios semanais no blog pessoal de cada pibidiana. E ainda, como uma forma de arquivo para construirmos uma apresentação destinada à amostra de Artes da escola Moojen que ocorrerá no mês de Julho. Poderão, conforme necessidade, ser utilizados outros recursos como: roupa, calçados, tecidos, fitas, objetos, maquiagem, para compor uma ideia ou temática;

 Cronograma

 Primeiro encontro (08.05.2019):

- Breve roda de conversa para apresentações pessoais e exposição do projeto a ser desenvolvido; Jogo de apresentação “Nome e Movimento”

- Alongamento básico do corpo, articulações;

- Aquecimento com os exercícios “Jogo da Bola” e “Caminhada ao Acaso” da Spolin; 

- Exercício “Era uma Vez” da Spolin partindo de uma história criada pelos alunos.

*Conforme a fluidez e participação dos alunos em um primeiro momento, se possível, criar imagens baseando-se na história criada em conjunto pelos alunos no exercício anterior.

 Segundo encontro (15.05.2019):

- Alongamento básico do corpo e articulações;

- Aquecimento com Jogo do Diferente ou dos Iguais-- andar junto com quem tem a mesma cor de sapatos, calças, camisa, cabelos, olhos, andando pelo espaço usando diferentes planos, figuras e velocidades.

- Exercício “Jogo dos seis objetos”, “Cabo de guerra” e “Exercício do espelho nº1” da Spolin;

- Exercício “Era uma Vez” da Spolin partindo de sugestões nossas que levem os alunos a criarem a história baseando-se em ambientes e personagens;

- Criação de um esquete baseando-se na história criada em conjunto pelos grupos;

 Terceiro encontro (22.05.2019):

- Alongamento básico do corpo e articulações;

- Jogo de aquecimento (Meia-meia lua um, dois, três)

- Exercício “Onde” (1 e 2) da Spolin;

- Exercício “Que horas são?” da Spolin;

- Exercício “Construir Estórias” da Spolin;

- Exercício “Blablação n° 2- incidente passado” da Spolin;

- Criação de esquete baseada nos exercícios propostos na aula. Os alunos deverão em um breve esquete mostrar para o público onde estão, por que estão lá e que horas a estória acontece.

 Quarto encontro (29.05.2019):

- Alongamento básico do corpo e articulações;

- Jogo de aquecimento (Pega-pega com nome)

- Exercício “Imagens de Animais³” da Spolin;

- Exercício “O que está além?” da Spolin;

- Exercício “O onde específico”  e “O quem por uso de um objeto” da Spolin;

- Exercício “Blablação n°6- língua estrangeira” da Spolin;

- Criação de esquete baseada nos exercícios propostos na aula. Os alunos deverão criar uma cena onde eles devem mostrar para o público onde estão e quem são sem pronunciar nenhuma palavra ou utilizando a blablação.  

 Quinto encontro (05.06.2019):

- Alongamento básico do corpo e articulações;

- Jogos de aquecimento;

- Formação de grupos;

- Ambientação: caverna;

- Construção das cavernas: Quem vive nessa caverna? Como esses seres são? Como eles entram e saem dessa caverna? Como dormem? Como acordam? Como comem? Como conversam entre si?;

- Cada grupo deverá demonstrar todas essas atividades em uma sequência no final da aula para turma.

Materiais: classes da sala de aula; tecidos; ervas como alecrim e manjericão para usar como incenso natural; galhos e pedras, amplificador de som para músicas que dialoguem com o ambiente proposto em aula.

 Sexto encontro (12.06.2019):

- Alongamento básico do corpo e articulações;

- Jogos de aquecimento;

- Ambientação: Circo;

-Construção de personagem: Quem é esse personagem? Qual o seu nome? Como esse personagem caminha? Como é sua voz? Ele tem amigos? Como ele se relaciona com as pessoas? Qual a sua performance nesse circo? Ele faz sozinho ou junto com algum colega?;

Cada aluno, seja sozinho ou em duplas, deverá apresentar no final da ambientação sua performance no espetáculo de circo apresentado pela mestre de cerimônia (que será uma das pibidianas do projeto).

Materiais: Cordas; nariz de palhaço; bambolês; matérias de malabarismo; figurinos/adereços; amplificador de som para músicas que dialoguem com o ambiente proposto em aula.

 Sétimo encontro (19.06.2019):

- Alongamento básico do corpo e articulações;

- Jogos de aquecimento;

- Ambientação: A Casa Mal Assombrada (leitura do texto “A Casa Mal Assombrada- Frank Oliveira);

- Debate sobre o texto: O que eles entenderam? Qual suas dúvidas? Como seria essa casa mal assombrada na visão deles?;

- Em grupos, os alunos criarão um esquete de no máximo cinco minutos onde contarão uma história sobre essa casa mal- assombrada que eles imaginaram;

- Tema de casa: Trazer um desenho sobre um personagem encantado criado por eles, contendo nome, idade, onde vive, etc. (Ficha de personagem entregue pelas pibidianas para ser trabalhado no tema da próxima aula).

 Oitavo encontro (26.06.2019):

- Alongamento básico do corpo e articulações;

- Jogos de aquecimento;

-  Ambientação: Floresta encantada (leitura do texto “ A Floresta Encantada” de Helios Tan);

- A partir do texto lido pelas pibidianas e pelas personagens criados pelos alunos através da ficha de personagem entregue na aula anterior, dar continuidade a criação dessas personagens com exercícios de ambientação e diálogo entre eles;

- Exercício “O Elevador”: Os personagens criados pelos alunos serão levados a um espaço delimitado pelas pibidianas simulando um elevador que irá quebrar com todos dentro dele onde, ainda atuando como personagens, os alunos serão obrigados a conviver nesse ambiente e descobrir uma forma de saírem de lá juntos.

Materiais: amplificador de som para músicas que dialoguem com a ambientação proposta em sala de aula.

 Nono encontro (03.07.2019)

- Mostra do vídeo realizado pelas pibidianas durante o processo na sala de vídeo da escola e conversa sobre o que todos aprenderam nesse período (talvez gravar alguns relatos nesse dia e incluir no vídeo para evento de amostra da escola);

- Piquenique de conclusão do projeto e despedida da turma.

  Referências:

BECKER, F. Modelos pedagógicos e modelos epistemológicos. In: ALVES et al. Metodologia: construção de uma proposta científica. Curitiba. 2008.

 CABRAL, B. Drama como método de ensino. 2ª ed. São Paulo: Hucitec, 2012.

DESGRANGES, F. Pedagogia do teatro: provocação e dialogismo. 4ª ed. São Paulo: Hucitec, 2017.

 SPOLIN, Viola. Jogos Teatrais: o fichário de Viola Spolin. São Paulo: Editora Perspectiva, 2008.

 MÖDINGER, C.R. et. Al. Práticas pedagógicas em ARTES: espaço, tempo e corporeidade. Erechim Edelbra, 2012

 SPOLIN, Viola. Improvisação para o Teatro. São Paulo: Editora Perspectiva, 2010.

 STANISLAVSKI, C. A construção da personagem. 26ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2016.

POSTAGEM REALIZADA EM 03.05.2019

[aramblingjay]

I think a big part of my captaincy was having Carra as my rock.

[wikitexte]

Comment créer un site Web avec Carrd : un didacticiel pour débutant

Comment créer un site Web avec Carrd : un didacticiel pour débutant

J’adore les jeux – en particulier les jeux avec une belle histoire – et ensuite partager mes réflexions et mes expériences à leur sujet. Dans ce didacticiel, nous allons vous montrer comment créer un site Web de base d’une page à l’aide de l’éditeur glisser-déposer de Carrd. Qu’est-ce que Carrard ? Carrd est une plateforme en ligne simple, gratuite et facile à utiliser qui vous permet de créer…