#but what use is that when it even grows along the interstate because people plant it without knowing how determined it is?

[torchickentacos]

Save me, May to December by Megan Fernandes. Save me

[kontextmaschine]

People loved their work once, and it didn’t matter if they worked in the public sector or in the private one. The men who worked in the CCC would take their grandchildren to see the forests they planted, while the men from the auto plants would point out the cars they’d built as they passed them on the new interstate highway system. The women who fastened the engines on the wings would watch the B-17’s fly off to make a liar out of Goering, and the women who taught in the public schools would point with pride when one of their old students got elected mayor. Work was about making money, certainly. It was about feeding the family and keeping the roof where it was, and maybe having a little left over at the end of the day, or at the end of the week, for some amusement. Maybe a trip to Lincoln Park or White City or a hundred other places, where you could take a moment and enjoy the cool of the evening, music riding the nightwind from a dance pavilion down along the lake.

But it was also about Doing A Job, and doing it well, which was different than simply Having A Job. It was about making good cars and strong steel and sturdy furniture. It was about learning a craft, even if what you were doing wasn’t recognized as one. There was a craft in tightening rivets, or feeding the open-hearth furnace, or planing the wood just so. You had your craft, and the person next to you had theirs, and, when all the work was done, and all the craft was practiced, and practiced well, there was something you could look at with pride and say, that is something I have given to the world. Job well done, as they used to say. You could teach seventh grade civics and then, one day, you’re on a podium outside of City Hall. That kid right there, you could say. That kid is something I have helped give to the world. Job well done, as they used to say.

Unions were greatly responsible for the pride that people took in the work they did, especially in the middle of the last century, when unions helped build the most formidable middle class in human history.

There was an autoworker, Ben Hamper, who wrote a column in the Flint (later Michigan) Voice, which was the alt-weekly Michael Moore first made his name by running. A lot of his columns got collected and repackaged in an excellent book, Rivethead, that I read in college.

I read it in a class with Stuart Blumin, who was my favorite professor and de facto advisor. He was an American historian, focused on labor and class and the development of capitalism, you could tell he was heavily influenced by EP Thompson and the Communist Party Historians Group over in the UK.

He was quite open that he had expected Communism to ultimately triumph, and that he had been wrong about that, and in subtext that he had wanted it to ultimately triumph, and didn’t think he had been wrong about that.

Anyway, Rivethead. The story is that Hamper was born in 1956, a fairly clever kid growing up in Flint, Michigan, the chronological and geographic apex of American industrial unionism, where everyone’s dad worked for GM.

And he could have gone to college but he gets some girl pregnant and so he goes to work on the assembly line not even really out of obligation or Catholic guilt or whatever but because that seems as good a life course as any, it’s what every man he’s known does, under the mighty UAW the pay’s on par with the kind of “educated” jobs you could get anyway, why not.

And so he goes to work on the line and eventually he ends up writing a column about it, and he talks about the color of the factory culture, playing soccer with rivets for balls and cardboard boxes for goals, drinking mickeys of malt liquor in your car on lunch break, the absurd fursuited mascot “Howie Makem, The Quality Cat” that GM would feature at rallies and shop-floor tours, being laid off in economic downturns and put into the “job bank” where you get paid waiting to be rehired in the next upswing, developing a perfect rhythm with your partner, training into a rhythm so perfect you can each trade off doing the two-person job yourself for 4 hours while the other one goes out to a bar on the clock, the dignity and solidarity of the American worker.

And time goes on and eventually his marriage fails but he takes it in stride, and his column gets recognized and he takes pride in that and then eventually he has an epiphany, and a complete breakdown, which are basically the same thing. And the inciting incident is when an older line worker, some guy he’d looked up to as a model of quiet, philosophical stolidity, just shits himself and is barely coherent enough to even notice this and he realizes the guy hadn’t been a Zen master, he’d just been checked-out mindless drunk on the line every day.

And he realizes that the rivethead life is destroying him, that the only thing holding it together was a budding alcoholism, and that it’s doing the same to all his co-workers, and looks back and realizes it had done the same to every grown-up man he knew, his father and uncles that growing up he had looked up to as models of masculine strength and fortitude really had just had their spark snuffed out and the life beaten out of them long before, and whatever pride they took in the cars out on the road was a defensive attempt to locate in an external form the sense of self-value that had been exterminated within them.

When Marx talked about “alienation”, well.

And he went crazy, and couldn’t bear to work on the line anymore, and there’s no redemption, that’s where the book ends.

And that was a theme that cropped up again in Professor Blumin’s class, that there were two great working class traditions that echoed through the ages, and they were

avoiding work

and

drinking

Back in the premechanized age of small-group workshop manufacturing, workers would celebrate “Saint Monday”, which was to say just not showing up for work, hung over after the weekend.

(This was riffing off of Catholic feast days, or holy days, from which we take the word “holiday”, and as time went on counted an increasing share of the days of the year. There was a reason that poor workers were aligned with the Church, and nobility, in “Altar and Throne” coalitions resisting the development of industrial capitalist liberal democracy.)

In the ‘80s, the crap time of American auto manufacturing, one trick that was passed around (pre-internet, so by word of mouth largely) was to look at the codes stamped on car bodies, which would tell you what day of the week they were manufactured, and to avoid Mondays and Fridays. Because those days had the highest defect rates, because the workers tended to be drunk, or hungover, or absent.

And back in the workshop days, you’d drink at work. Apprentices would be sent out for growlers or buckets of beer, there were elaborate rules of who in the hierarchy of workers was expected to buy rounds for who and when. And there was hellacious resistance to attempts to get them to knock this off, as the industrial era kicked into swing.

Those great satanic mills, where women and children worked in shifts at great water- or steam-driven sewing and spinning machines, stories of little kids getting their hands mangled by the machinery? One of the major reasons women and children were preferred was because they would actually show up on time every day, and stay sober around all those hand-manglers.

And I mean, this maybe sounds like an argument for socialism. Though not of any actually-existing- variety, as capitalist propaganda will be glad to tell you, Soviet work culture, at least when the morale thrills of the Revolution and Great Patriotic War faded from personal to institutional memory, was all about shirking and vodka.

So those complaints about how America celebrates Labor Day instead of May Day, ignoring the true meaning of labor - solidarity - in favor of mindless distraction? Psssh. Labor Day is a celebration of the truest, most ancient, most fundamental traditions of labor: not working (especially on Mondays), and getting drunk.

Happy Labor Day!

[the-ghost-king]

Me 0.1 seconds after reading your post about Will being Mothman simp: omg solangelo west virginia interstate dates 🖤 💛

Hey, it’s me again, the napping Nico person. Idk if you’re planning on writing 𝙨𝙪����𝙝 a story but if you did so, I’d love to read it, just wanted to tell you that. Hope you have a great day :)

@napping-nico I hope you have a great day as well! ;)

My apologies for the wait, as always I’ll reblog with the link to the Ao3 version!

Nico and Will go camping, something about tents and stars, Nico talks about military school and how camping was their idea of fun, in the morning they go along the river front and visit the mothman statue and maybe go on the river boat... Theme is it should be written like Ari + Dante staying in the desert overnight in the truck

Nature was something Nico loved, something he respected.

Growing up as a child hunting excursions had been a commonality in his home, they didn’t really need to go hunting; if they wanted fresh game there would have been a hundred men at their door asking for the chance to shoot for the di Angelo’s. 

His Nonno had always liked it, to Nonno hunting had never been about hunting and it had never been about the camping that came with the trips either. Hunting, as Nico had known it as a child, had always been about politics; the excursions a place, a way, and an excuse to make deals.

In Military academies, camping trips were their idea of a good fun time. 

A couple hundred boys and girls hiking out into the middle of Nowhere Forest loaded up with camping gear and taught how to cook food over open flame, and how to assemble tents in just a minute or two. The humdrum of set up, sleep, and take down with interjections and complaints sporadic throughout.

Nico had never minded camping, he found it some sort of calm. He liked the quiet, divine sort of life that nature provided. Nico had stood in front of gods and never felt power quite like that of a large old forest.

(Gods were bright and burning in their divinity, the air around them crackled and your throat was always tight and dry... Forests weren’t like that).

There was something about sleeping on the ground among all the living things, some sort of serene quality to it. He’d lay there among the sounds of his grandfathers disgruntled tossing and turning, and the annoyed complaints of other boys longing for their real beds, and Nico would breathe in the cold air of the natural world and feel something akin to home. 

His chest would expand and he’d feel some kind of emotion in his sternum, like the plants and branches themselves were growing forth from his lungs with each chilling breath in, and they were expanding in the depths of his lungs and heart in a silent agreement of mutual affection and love. 

To say the least Nico had always slept his absolute best outside.

Will on the other hand was a country boy at heart, he’d grown up in the middle of I Live 500+ Miles From Civilization Texas and backyards became camp grounds every spring and summer. 

For Nico camping had always been treated like a fun little activity and Nico had taken it upon himself to find the divinity in each excursion. As for Will, camping was just something you did sometimes. He didn’t have some complex connection to the act of setting up a tent and sleeping inside of it, the closest Will came to anything intensely memorable about camping was bonfires.. But his family was large and they all lived near one another, bonfires were a nightly thing not necessarily a camping thing within his family. 

To say the least, when Will asked him if he’d like to go camping in the middle of Fuck-All West Virginia Nico was absolutely in agreement. Sure he was a little confused as to why exactly they had to go all the way to West Virginia when they already lived in the middle of nowhere Texas, but he was sure there was a decent reason, as a demigod you learned to go with the flow sometimes.

What Nico hadn’t expected was that they would be heading to a quaint little West Virginian campground because his fiancé was a slut for Mothman.  

Nico looked over to Will as he climbed out of the drivers seat of the truck, “Cyrtids aren’t going to fuck you if you manage to find them.”

Will looks at him from outside the car, “I’d be just as happy to let them kill me slowly.”

“That’s my job!” Nico glares at him for a second and sees Will smiling at him happily.

“Well then, you’ll have to protect me won’t you, darlin’?”

“Hmph,” Nico climbed out of the passenger seat and walked around to the bed of the truck to help Will unload the truck and set up camp for later that evening.

They pulled out all their equipment so they could set up their trunk tent; listen, sleeping on the ground in a tent was one thing, sleeping in the open air of the truck bed was another, but figuring out you could combine both of them? Nico had been in heaven. 

They spend the time they work bickering, back and forth with light quips about the things each other had packed and how they packed them. They both had self-satisfied smirks on their faces the whole time, and they unapologetically threw pillows at one another while they were supposed to be readying their bed. 

Some older lady had walked by at some point and with a gasp of shock she’d looked at both of them sadly, “What are your names? I want to pray for you.”

Nico, ever the expert with old people and children looked to her kindly, “Forgive me, why are you interested in praying for us?”

The woman goes on a long spiel about how young relationships are hard work, she starts talking about how from the sound of all their fighting they sure needed a lot of work if they were ever going to love each other properly. She tells them about how she wants to pray for them so that they won’t fight anymore and they’ll be happy. 

When she finishes Nico is trying his hardest not to laugh so Will handles her, “Thank you ma’am, but I assure you we’re just happy to entertain the public.”

The lady has the most offended look on her face when Will tells her that, she picks up her woven bag from the ground and storms off to the sound of Nico’s poorly contained laughter. 

They finish setting up the inside of their tent and locking their food and valuables up in the truck all while still cracking jokes and making quips, “I just want to pray for you and your relationship” Nico says with a mock praying gesture towards Will.

The blonde laughs back at him, “at least she didn’t assume we were brothers.”

Will locks the truck to the sound of his own quiet laugh Nico’s annoyed groan that borderlines on disgust.

"You'll pay for that comment!"

"Promise?"

They end up on the Riverwalk around dinner time, they took a break from normal camping adventures like public bathrooms and trying to start a fire so they could instead go look at a statue of Will's oldest crytid-crush.

Somehow the thing was taller than 6"2 Will, almost doubling him in height with its polished glory. It had dark red ruby eyes on either side of its face, and the coloration of the creature had been handled by carving and removing parts of it until it resembled some sort of 6 packed moth.

Nico didn't really see the appeal, but Will found sharp teeth "simp worthy" so Nico supposed if he was happy that was enough.

He seemed in awe of the beast, staring up at it in wonder and awe- maybe a bit aroused too... This was Will after all, the dude was obsessed with that one demon character from the Blue Butler show? Black Butler?

Maybe Austin was right, maybe Will really did have a type.

Will gets bored after a while, and fifty or so pictures later, they decide to head back to the truck, Will blabbering the whole walk back about star gazing and maybe seeing the real Mothman fly by overhead while they do so.

They head back to the truck where there's food to be cooked over the fire, and they eat in their little bed-of-the-trunk-tent that amazes Nico everytime he sees it. The modern world has some crazy inventions sometimes, Nico spent a solid week on their living room floor obsessed with Will's Xbox and how it worked.

The tent was a light orange color with cream accents on it, inside it was gray, and they'd laid a spread of multicolored blankets and pillows out to sleep on. The top part of it opened with a little screened window piece, and up above them there were stars in the sky.

Nico crawled in to lay on his back so he could look out their little unzipped window, and he could hear Will doing something outside before he climbed in behind Nico.

"Alright?"

"Hmph."

"Good."

They lay in silence for a few minutes, both of them just lost in the sight of the stars and thoughts of the person breathing next to them. Will turns over first, just to look at Nico, so Nico gives him a taste of his own medicine and does the same.

Nico decides then to take a pillow and hit Will's shoulder with it, "Sap."

He's not angry, it's not an accusation, it's just a fact; Will's a romantic and especially so for Nico.

"Maybe so," He's smiling at Nico, "I got you something if you'd like to see it?"

"Oh?" Nico fakes coy in response and earns an exasperated look from Will.

"Here."

He hands him something small, places the little trinket in Nico's hands. Nico opens his hands to see little earrings of a dark moth with red eyes, they're silver on the backs and Mothman is painted on the front of them. This version is much cuter than the statue version.

"Thank you," Nico places a kiss to Will's lips.

"I know you don't really like Mothman as much as me," there's a slight pause where they both chuckle, "but I don't know, I thought maybe you would like them because they would remind you of this? I don't know, I sorry, it's just-"

Nico pets a hand through Will's hair, "I love you, and I love them, don't apologize for buying me things."

Will gets a little stressed sometimes to say the least, he had managed to get off his anxiety meds back when they were still at camp, but he sometimes still found himself in spirals. Nico didn't entirely understand anxiety, but he did know what it felt like to feel constantly inadequate, and he knew what depression felt like, and he'd like to think he can help a little.

It took both of them some time together to realize that they couldn't love each other's problems away. Even though they both had been told it didn't work like that, they were hopeful and in love and thought that maybe they could create something different. Eventually they both did come to realize that they just had to hold the other persons hand, and sometimes one of them stepped up when the other couldn't keep up the pace, but it was better that way.

You can't love someone through anything, love isn't a cure, but you can hold their hand through it and remind them that you love them.

Nico pulls Will closer, lets him lay his head on his shoulder, and they stare up into the night sky together. Nico whispers into his ear his own thanks for the gift, and let's his words change into sweet nothings. Talking about how much he loved Will, and when they head back down South how his Mom would be home from her latest tour, and he listens closely when Will tells him about some Mothman documentary that he watched.

And Nico falls asleep some point shortly after Will, he can fill his lovers heartbeat if he reaches out for him, he can feel his life force strong and present. Nico can feel the life ebbing out of the field that surrounds them, he can feel the life that makes the trees grow.

Nico falls asleep, warm, comfortable, and basking in the life around him.

Everything will be just fine.

[alison-anonymous]

flawsome bandits pt. 1 ♡ sonic

Flawsome First Meetings

EARLY RELEASE!

Hello, my darlings and WELCOME to my second multi-part fanfic, Flawsome Bandits (a Sonic the Hedgehog Movie! x Reader). I have not yet finished the second chapter of this story yet, and I’m currently trying to prewrite these chapters so I can update them along the way, but I wanted to get the first one out to all of my patient darlings as soon as possible! Please let me know what you think, the love always encourages me to write more ;) Love you all, please enjoy!

Warnings: none

♡♡♡

If you've ever had amnesia, you'd know that things seem very quick.

Little flashbacks of what you're guessing to be your backstory come back in little spurts that never last long enough and are gone too soon. They leave huge, gaping holes in your background information from what your favorite color is to who your parents were. Try your story on for size.

You were Y/n Wachowski. A sassy, quick-witted teenage girl with a love for speed and a sharp tongue. Parents? Unknown. Distant relatives? Undiscovered. Hometown? Who the fuck knows. You were sent to live with the Wachowski's as your permanent foster parents after you were discovered wandering around the woods by a couple of hikers. They said that they found you wearing a ripped and dirty jumpsuit with pastel colors that looked like it was ten times smaller than your size. When they had tried to confront you, it was almost as if you couldn't hear them, your mouth open and unspeaking. Eyes wandering, glossy and unseeing. 

You couldn't remember much about your past. Most of the time it was like looking at a blank sheet of paper, ready to get into the printer but it's out of ink. After being diagnosed with a concussion and severe amnesia, you were seen as unfit to take care of yourself, so that was how you ended up with the Wachowskis. But just because you were lucky enough to have loving and patient foster parents didn't mean that you had an answer to every question they asked. You had no idea what your favorite color was, what you liked to do in your free time, or even if you were a night owl. 

It was like you didn't even remember who you were. Like you had just been born, only you weren't a baby and were instead a teenager. It got incredibly lonely being a child with no memories, and the kids at school found you very creepy. But it was okay. Tom and Maddie made sure to give you as much love as was humanly possible, and when the bullying at school got to the point where they would follow you home, they switched you to homeschooling. 

It appeared that you not only had no existing memories of your past, but you also had barely any idea how things on earth worked. Whenever someone mentioned examinations, vaccines, bucket lists, and even governmental agencies, you had no clue what they were talking about. 

Not everyone was as patient as Tom and Maddie were, unfortunately. Most people would assume that you were kidding when you asked them what a protractor was or why people ride animals. It all seemed so strange and new to you, like Tarzan when he was visiting the human world and not the ape land he was familiar with. But out of it all, there was one thing that you became absolutely fascinated with. 

Cars. 

The faster, the better. You seemed to have an unchecked need for speed that tickled at your mind every time you got behind the wheel. Whenever Tom allowed it, you'd take the truck or his old squad motorcycle out for a spin in the abandoned corn fields where you could do as many tricks as you wanted without putting anyone else in danger. One of your favorites was driving backwards. 

It's during one of those days where our story finally begins. The Montana sun was high up in the sky, beating down its scorching rays onto the untouched pavement. A flock of birds fled for the telephone polls in an attempt to escape from the ever increasing sound of revving coming from the abandoned corn field near Crazy Carl's traps for the supposed "Blue Devil." In the midst of the dead and crusty corn stalks, there sat a young girl on a very old squad motorcycle. Her hair fluttered gently in the slight breeze running through the air, a pair of sunglasses perched delicately atop her nose in the absence of a helmet. Before her stood a makeshift riser composed of some old wooden slabs she had "borrowed" from an old tree house a little ways south. A smirk played across her lips as she kicked up the bike's kickstand and revved the engine. 

"Alright, Y/n, if you make this jump, you'll be the most famous girl in Green Hills…" Her words got lost in the wind as she took a deep breath and began to ride towards the jump, her speed increasing with every passing second. The distance began to decrease, her growing closer and closer until an abnormal electric blue blur zipped past her. Startled, she swerved, momentarily losing control of her bike as she slowed to a stop, planting her boots firmly on the ground. Chest heaving, she flipped her sunglasses up onto her forehead and slipped off of the bike, looking around the empty field to see if she hit anything. 

What was that? She wondered. 

Unbeknownst to her, a couple feet away from her, hidden deep within some dehydrated bushes was a royal blue hedgehog. He had been on his way back to his cave after taking a turtle for a little joy ride down the interstate when he spotted his favorite human on earth, Star Chaser. She was the most amazing girl he had ever seen, and lived with Donut Lord and Pretzel Lady. He would make it a priority to hang out with her every time she was out practicing her racing tricks, a dopey grin spreading on his face every time he saw her ecstatic smile. She just never knew he was there. 

More than anything, he wished that he could get to hang out with her just once. Just for one day, spent full of speeding down the empty country roads and flying over makeshift jumps and laughing about the funny faces they made from the wind hitting their skin. But he knew better. He had to stay hidden, just like Longclaw said. Never stop running, and always stay hidden… alone. 

There was something about her that just drew him to her, something familiar. He watched with caution as Star Chaser searched the field a bit more, her footfalls making satisfying crunching sounds on the long gone plants. Her beautiful e/c eyes searched the grounds before her for whatever had interrupted her practice. Finally, after she was satisfied with not having hit anything, she got back onto the cycle, flipped her sunglasses back on, and zipped away, leaving a trail of smoky exhaust in her wake.

The blue hedgehog zoomed back to his cave himself, dodging trees and bushes with expertise. The whole time he ran, he couldn't prevent his mind from wondering what life might be like if he were somehow able to live alongside the humans. If he could have a conversation with Star Chaser that didn't exist in his imagination, to maybe even discover why she seemed so familiar. What would life be like if he didn't have to hide? 

♡♡♡

Just when things finally start getting familiar, the concept of moving decides to rear its ugly head in. Y/n had found out that her foster dad got a promotion, a job in another city with a higher ranking and a wider variety of donut holes to snack on. That meant that they were going to have to leave Green Hills. 

But, knowing her, she shoved the grief and frustration so far down inside her until it became nonexistent. Maddie had left on a trip to see her sister, leaving Y/n and Tom alone. They had had a freak power outage the night before, leaving Tom a bit on edge. His phone kept ringing off the hook as his coworker was just a bit dependent on him, and had no idea if he should just ignore the 911 phone calls or pick them up. 

“Remind me to drive by the library tomorrow,” Y/n set down her latest novel on the counter by the car keys. She watched as Tom stole a bit of frosting off of the cake and scrunched up her nose at the lack of sanitation. “I need to return this before we get fined.” 

Tom nodded just as his phone began ringing. He held up a finger to his daughter and leaned against the counter, lifting up the phone to his ear as he began to talk to his wife. Y/n turned to the fridge and was trying to decide whether or not she was hungry or just bored as she did her best to not listen to them talking about the move. Just as she was about to reach for the watermelon, a loud clattering noise came from outside. Tom and Y/n exchanged an alarmed glance and quickly shuffled over to the window, childishly trying to shove each other out of the way so they could get a good look. 

“Shit,” Y/n swore as she took in the knocked over trash bins sitting next to the garage.

“Watch your potty mouth,” Tom scolded, but a smile still stayed on his lips. “The racoons are back.” Y/n watched as he quickly turned towards one of the junk drawers and pulled out Maddie’s bear tranquilizer gun. She snorted. 

“You better not be using my tranquilizer gun,” she heard Maddie’s voice say over the speaker. “That’s for bears.”

“Good,” Tom grinned as he loaded up the machine. “Now I know it’ll work. Y/n, stay inside.” Y/n scoffed as he hung up the phone and opened up the back door. Yes, of course she was going to stay safely inside like a crappy sidekick and miss the potential action of scaring trash pandas half to death. Grabbing an extra flashlight, she raced out after her dad to see him pressed up against the side of the shed, holding the gun and flashlight near his face. He jumped once she saddled up next to him, putting her flashlight in front of her like her own makeshift gun.

“I thought I told you to stay inside,” He narrowed his brows. To his dismay, Y/n only shrugged.

“You did. I didn’t listen,” she grinned, making it obvious that he had no other choice than to let her stay. He sighed, but nevertheless nodded. On a quick countdown from three, the two burst into the shed, waving their flashlights around like mad men.

“Green Hills PD, put your paws up!” Tom hollered. Y/n slowly made her way out from behind him, flashing her light around the empty room until it finally came to a stop. Her eyes widened in shock and her jaw nearly dropped to the floor as she tried to make sense of what exactly she was looking at. An electric blue creature wearing white gloves and tennis shoes stood before them, holding what looked like a gold wedding ring between his forefinger and thumb. She couldn’t tell what was stranger: the fact that he existed or the fact that he seemed oddly familiar. The creature’s green eyes flashed from hers to her father’s before he let out a small, nervous chuckle. 

“Uhh, meow?” 

And then, Tom screamed. His fear and the sudden introduction of the loud noise caused Y/n to scream, too, which finally led to the little blue creature screaming. But the longer Y/n stared at it, the more she began to experience a slight hint of deja vu. She couldn’t seem to shake the feeling that she had seen this thing before. 

“Wait,” she whispered, barely loud enough for her dad to hear, but the blue creature’s ears perked up. He turned his attention back to her and the second they locked eyes, the same sense of familiarity began coursing through his veins. After all of those days spent watching her from afar, how did he never notice the e/c eyes? Where had he seen them before?

Unfortunately, Tom just had to go and ruin the moment by pulling the trigger on the tranq gun. 

“Dad, no!” Y/n cried, but it was already too late as the dart sank into the blue creature’s thigh. They could only watch as the animal looked down at the needle in his leg and slowly looked back up with a hurt glare.

“Ow,” he whined, his eyes already beginning to lose their concentration. Y/n was about to take a step towards the creature, but Tom wrapped his hand around her arm to stop her. The creature’s eyes floated over Tom’s shirt, zeroing in on the words that littered the old fabric. “San… Fran…sisco?” He muttered. The ring he had been holding on to loosely slipped from his fingers, and began rolling across the floor. As its velocity increased, it began expanding, deying all laws of logic as a portal overlooking the given city appeared. Y/n and Tom’s jaws dropped to the floor as they watched the creature stumble, dropping his little bag through the portal and collapsing onto the ground. Y/n’s heart ached for the poor thing as she fought to get out of her father’s grasp in order to help him. 

Within seconds, the portal closed up, eliminating the slight wind that had appeared. “N-No…” The creature whimpered before finally passing out. A thick silence crossed over the three as Tom’s grip on Y/n’s arm loosened, both humans trying to figure out what the heck they just witnessed. 

“What the actual fuck?” Y/n breathed. 

“Language…” 

♡♡♡

“Yes. Let’s shoot the poor thing and then put him in a cage,” Y/n rolled her eyes sarcastically, watching as her father poked the blue creature resting inside of their dog’s old cage. She batted at his hand, and gave him a death glare, but he just sighed. 

“Come on, kid, what if he’s an alien?” Tom asked incredulously, turning back to the sleeping creature. He nudged its head with a metal spatula and sighed. 

“I don’t know…” Y/n sighed, resting her head on her knuckle. I mean, she had to admit he was kind of… cute. The nostalgia that he was causing was just an added complication. There was something about his entire being that seemed eerily familiar to her, but she couldn’t for the life of her figure out why. Tom slowly withdrew something that had fallen onto the padding; an electric blue quill. The two slowly leaned closer to inspect the object, noting the little blue bolts of electricity that whizzed across its surface. It absolutely fascinated Y/n, while Tom seemed a little more apprehensive. He turned away from the cage and set it down on the counter, running a hand over his face. 

“This is nuts,” he whispered. Y/n took the opportunity to get a little closer to the being, scanning his body with careful eyes. She debated reaching through the bars to touch him, but before she had a chance to, his eyes slowly popped open. Her eyes widened and she stayed perfectly still as he pushed himself up to a standing position and made his way to open the cage. Her breath catches in her throat as he finally looks up at her and gives her a small, sheepish smile, stumbling out onto the counter top. Even in the given circumstances, the only thing that the girl can think of is how absolutely adorable he is. 

...wait, what?

“Star Chaser?” Y/n quickly turned her attention back to the present and furrowed her brows in confusion. Who was Star Chaser? “Donut Lord?” The blue being slurred, holding on to the cage for support. Tom swiveled around at the sound and scoffed.

“So the Blue Devil can talk. You’re not here to abduct us are you?” 

“YOU abducted ME,” the Blue Devil replied defensively, pressing his hand against his chest. Y/n rolled her eyes and stepped between the two, looking the being in the eyes. 

“I am very sorry for that-”

“Why are you apologizing to it?!” Tom cried, running his hands through his hair incredulously. Y/n just rolled her eyes. 

“I told him to just leave you alone. But, if I may ask, who are you and why were you in our shed?” She finished. Tom facepalmed behind her while the Blue Devil did his best to concentrate his fatigue on the beautiful girl standing before him. Gosh, her eyes were pretty…

“I-I needed a safe place, and Donut Lord’s house was the only place I could think of, Star Chaser!” 

“Why does he keep calling me Donut Lord?” Tom asked warily, slowly reaching for the tranq gun. Y/n quickly shot him a glare and he let out an annoyed huff. Even though he was her foster father, they acted like siblings with good-hearted and frequent quarrels. 

“Because you talk to donuts,” the Blue Devil explained. “And then eat them when they get out of line.” Y/n snorted, trying her best to contain her laughter by pressing the back of her hand to her mouth. She didn’t notice the small smile that formed on the blue hedgehog’s face as Tom shrugged, nodding his head slightly. 

“Fair. Why is she Star Chaser?” The Blue Devil got a distant look on his face, a small, thoughtful smile still lingering on his lips.

“I’ve watched her race out in the fields. It’s amazing how fast she can go. Sometimes I wonder if she’s trying to chase the stars out of the sky…” A soft smile slowly formed on your lips at his words. No one had ever talked about you like that before. 

The distant look on his face was suddenly replaced by one with worry. His eyes began frantically glancing around the room, Y/n being able to practically see the alarms going off in his head. “Wait, where are my… Why am I still on earth? Oh no, I lost my rings!” 

“Rings?” Y/n furrowed her brows in confusion. Just then, a loud rumbling sound came from outside. It had such an impact that it shook the entire house, startling the chimes that Maddie had hung up above the sink. The three looked around in confusion.

“What’s happening? Is this your mothership?” Tom began panicking, walking briskly around the table towards the window. He jabbed an accusing finger at the nervous hedgehog. “I do NOT want my daughter getting probed.”

“Dad, stop,” Y/n sighed, following him towards the window. “You’re the one who abducted him. Can’t you be just a little bit sentimental?”

“Thanks,” the hedgehog muttered just loud enough for Y/n to hear. She stood next to her foster dad at the window and peered out the glass. A giant grey vehicle that had been passing stopped and began backing up towards their driveway.

“What the hell kind of make is that?” Y/n muttered. The Blue Devil was by their side in a second and was peering through the window too. Once he caught sight of the ginormous lab van, he let out a squeak and pulled the white curtains shut.

“They’re after me!”

“Who’s after you?” Y/n questioned in concern. She got pushed behind Tom as he stood protectively in front of her, eyeing the Blue Devil suspiciously.

“And what does that have to do with us?” 

“I don’t have time to explain, but you have to help me!” He pleaded. Y/n felt her heart sink for the creature, her instant gut feeling telling her that they had to help him. He was in danger, albeit he was apparently a runaway. Unfortunately, Tom had different ideas as he furiously shook his head.

“No, we don’t!”

“But Dad-”

“Y/n, enough,” Tom ended her protests sternly. He turned back to the blue hedgehog and furrowed his brows, wondering what reason he could possibly have that would need them to help him. “Why should we help you?”

“Well, my legs, which normally would be classified as legal weapons, feel like spaghetti. I need your help, please! It’s life or death.” The Blue Devil’s green eyes pleaded to Tom. Y/n slowly made her way out from behind her dad and glanced down at him. He knew exactly what to say in order to get Tom to help him, didn’t he? It was almost as if he had been there all of those times when Tom was wishing for someone to come to him in their time of need. His facade crumbled and he caved in almost instantly.

“Alright, fine. Y/n, take him up to the attic. I’ll take a look at what’s going on outside.” Tom ordered. Y/n nodded and motioned for the blue hedgehog to follow her. They quickly scampered towards the stairs, and as they began to walk quietly up the flights, Y/n noticed two things. One, Crazy Carl was right after all. The little “Blue Devil” was a lot larger than she had expected him to be, measuring up to be about half of her height. And two, the thing was having a horrific time walking. With a strangely racing heart, Y/n slowed down her pace and offered her hand to the being. He gave her a small smile and accepted it, wrapping his gloved hand around her own. 

“My actual name is Y/n, by the way,” she finally spoke in an attempt to break the hurried silence. “But I like Star Chaser better.” He smiled beside her, trying to figure out why the girl before him seemed so familiar.

“I just thought it suited you. My name’s Sonic. Sonic the Hedgehog.”

“I knew you weren’t an alien,” Y/n said as she let go of his hand to pull down the ladder. She picked the hedgehog up and set him down gently inside the attic. His name kept ringing throughout her head on an endless loop, like it was supposed to bring back some big part of her life, but it always came back empty. She gave him a small smile and was about to head back down when he stopped her.

“Wait,” his dreamy green eyes were full of concern as he looked straight into Y/n’s. “Be careful.” 

Y/n appreciated how genuinely concerned he was for her safety. It was a beautiful gulp of fresh air amidst all of the others who thought she was crazy or weird. At least his sincerity made the fact that he had been basically stalking her and her family for a while now a little bit less creepy. Y/n gave him a reassuring smile and closed the attic door, racing all the way back down to the main floor where she skidded to a halt by the door. 

There was Tom, with some very strange looking man sporting a signature Man with the Bowler Hat mustache standing in the Y/n slowly approached her dad and watched as the man turned his attention towards her.

“Oh, I didn’t realize you had a daughter,” the man smiled creepily, sending shivers down her spine. She scrunched her nose as Tom wrapped his arm around her shoulder protectively.

“I have a name,” she raised her brows skeptically. “Y/n.” 

At the sound of her name, the man got a shocked look on his face, his eyes widening to the size of saucers as he stared intensely at her. Tom and Y/n exchanged confused glances before the man quickly snapped back into reality. 

“Y/n…” he repeated. “Interesting. Anyways, where was I? Oh, yes,” he suddenly propelled himself towards Tom, becoming very uncomfortably close to his face. Y/n slowly sank into her father’s arm in order to back away from the strange man. “I was spitting out formulas while you were still spitting up formula.”

“I was breastfed, actually,” Tom responded, mildly weirded out. Y/n’s face contorted in disgust. What the hell was this conversation?

“Nice,” he nodded. “Rub that in my orphan face.”

“Okay,” Y/n spoke up, finally having enough as she pushed the two apart. “Listen, I have no idea who you are and why you are here, but I think you should be leaving.”

“Ooh, fiesty one,” the man nodded, narrowing his eyebrows at you to the point that the folds on his forehead nearly overlapped one another. “Doctor Robotnik, I-”

A sudden thump sounded from the kitchen, startling the man enough to make him shut up. Tom and Y/n froze, running through every possible excuse in their minds as to what that could have been that wasn’t Sonic. Y/n turned to Robotnik and offered him the best sheepish smile she could muster.

“Um… Racoons?”

Robotnik gave her a fake smile and shouldered his way into the house. Y/n and Tom scrambled to follow him, praying to god that their little blue friend wasn’t sitting on the kitchen counter. Thankfully, once they reached the kitchen, they were greeted with a friendly racoon, shoveling handfuls of celebratory cake into its mouth. Y/n breathed a small sigh of relief through her mouth.

“See? Racoons.” Tom spoke defiantly, placing his hands on his hips. Y/n began to search the room quietly for any sign of Sonic while Robotnik was preparing to leave. They had almost gotten him out the door when he stopped and backtracked. In confusion, Y/n and Tom followed his gaze and their hearts stopped.

He slowly held up the lone electric blue quill for all to see.

“Looks like I was right,” a shit-eating grin formed on his face. “Note the lack of surprise.” He pointed to his monotone expression and Y/n could already tell that she fucking hated him. She slowly began to back away from him when a floating egg shaped orb harnessing a bright red laser became very interested in Tom. Y/n’s heart raced, back growing tense as she began to hesitantly back away until Robotnik gave her a warning glare. 

She wasn’t going anywhere.

“So, let’s try this again. Where. Is. It?”

“Look, man, leave her out of this. We have no idea what ‘it’ is,” Tom exclaimed, beginning to hold his hands up in surrender. Robonik simply shook his head and pushed some buttons on the gloves that he was wearing. 

“I hate liars. You have five seconds to tell me where it is. Five… Four…” He began to count down, Y/n only being able to watch in horror as the white orb came ever closer to her father, the menacing light flashing. Daring someone to challenge it. Tom stared, his facade crumbling with every second that was counted down, trying desperately to find a way out. Things were looking to death when a sudden electric blue blur shot out from behind the counter and stood in front of Y/n, hands outspread in protection.

“Wait!” Sonic cried. “Don’t hurt them!”

Y/n looked down at the little hedgehog in shock, and was startled when Robotnik let out the most girlish scream anyone had ever heard come from the pipes of a man. Then Tom punched him in the face. 

“Yes, go Dad!” Y/n whooped as the Doctor crumpled onto the floor, unconscious. Their victory was short lived, however, as the second she finished talking, she was dragged behind the counter by Sonic to avoid getting hit in the face by a laser beam. The three watched in horror as the Wachowski’s custom designed kitchen became destroyed by the angry red bots, shooting around with no instructions as their master was now taking a nap on the floor. Before Y/n even had the chance to ask what they should do, they noticed that Sonic was already missing. Looking frantically around the room, Tom motioned up to one of the kitchen cupboards, and sure enough, there was Sonic preparing to jump onto one of the bots that was probably scanning for their heat signatures or something equally significant. The two shook their heads rapidly, but Sonic simply gave them one of the most adorable sassy nods Y/n had ever seen. He leapt onto the robot, trying desperately to smack it as it spun around like a horse without a head.

“This-was a… horrible idea!” Sonic screamed before he got flung off the robot, sailing through the air, and landing straight into Y/n’s arms. He offered her a sheepish smile, and Y/n rolled her eyes, a smile still playing across her lips. She set him down just in time to see her dad knock the bot out with a frying pan. It careened to a halt and collapsed onto the ground. 

“Alright,” Y/n nodded, kicking it once with the scuff of her shoe for good measure. “Shall we get out of here?”

“Yes, please.”

♡♡♡

The three runaways were able to pull out of the driveway just as a bunch of other Men in Black vans were pulling up to the house. Tom sat behind the wheel while Sonic sported a shotgun, and Y/n crouched in the middle of the backseat with no seatbelt. Because this was living on the dark side, and on the dark side, we don’t wear seatbelts.

“Okay, so now that we aren’t running from scary doctors, what the hell is going on here?” Y/n asked, leaning forward on the console and resting her head in her hand as she turned to Sonic. He leaned his head back against the seat and sighed.

“Well, I just might have been the reason for that big power explosion… and now people after me. To make things worse, I lost my rings to a place that I’ve only ever seen on your dad’s skin tight T-shirt, and I have to make it to the Mushroom Planet or else I’m putting everyone here in danger.” He finally took in a deep gulp of air after pulling out that whole explanation in one breath. Y/n furrowed her brows in concern.

“Mushroom Planet?” Tom asked, his lips pressing into a firm line. 

“You must have lost them in San Francisco,” Y/n said. Suddenly, Tom jerked the wheel to the right and pulled off to the side of the road, unlocking the doors in the process.

“Alright, get out.” Y/n and Sonic stared at him in confusion.

“I’m sorry, what?” Sonic narrowed his eyes slightly. Tom leaned forwards and opened the passenger side door for him, running a hand down his face.

“Look, this is the worst time for me to be getting into trouble with the law and my daughter doesn’t really need a track record. So, you can go off and have good luck with finding your weird little Mushroom Planet. I’ll hopefully wake up in a hospital room soon with a successful colonoscopy and a happy, totally sane teenage daughter, so goodbye.”

“What? Dad!” Y/n started to object, her blood boiling in irritation at his insensitivity. Sonic shook his head and gave her a half-hearted smile as he slipped out of the car. 

“It’s okay, Y/n. Goodbye, I guess…” But instead of leaving, he just stood there. Staring. Y/n turns to stare at her father too to double the effect. 

“Why aren’t you leaving?” He groaned in frustration.

“How the hell is he supposed to know where San Francisco is?” Y/n laughs, and Tom sighs in defeat, knowing that she’s right. He gives her a half-assed glare, but as usual she was refusing to back down. Sonic doesn’t notice the small smile forming on his own lips, his appreciation for this strangely familiar girl increasing with every second he spent with her.

“It’s West. Straight shot.” Tom finally tells him. Sonic nods.

“Okay. West. Cool. Cool, I’m totally cool with saying goodbye right now,” he exaggerates, swirling his gloved hands around with the hurt clearly evident on his face. 

“I’m not,” Y/n grumbles, pressing her cheek against the rough leather of the driver’s seat. Before anyone could say another word, Sonic shot off in the given direction faster than the speed of sound. Y/n’s jaw drops open along with Tom’s as they look down at the spot where he once was. 

“H-holy shit,” Y/n stuttered. 

“D-did he just-” Tom didn’t even get to finish the sentence before Sonic came back, only this time soaking wet. He was sporting a nice fish on his head and a bunch of seaweed hanging on to his quills, which accented his sarcastic expression perfectly. Y/n tried to stifle her laughter by pouting and turning to her father as he rolled his eyes.

“So, as I crashed into the cold, dark Pacific,” Sonic began, sending a wink in Y/n’s direction. “I noticed a couple things. A, I have no idea where I’m going. B, salt water stings. And C, I shouldn’t even be on this planet right now but I am. Why? Because you shot me.” Sonic’s eyes narrowed.

“I know,” Tom sighed, turning back to the road.

“You shot me!��

“Okay, you don’t need to rub it in,” he sniffed, glancing at Y/n out of the corner of his eye. “She was there too…”

“She didn’t shoot me,” Sonic stood up for her. Y/n gave him a kind smile as he began listing off characteristics on his gloved fingers. “I’m wet, I’m cold, there’s a fish on my head, and clearly I’m not going to be able to do this on my own!” Once he finished, Y/n slowly reached out to him and pushed the fish off his head, watching as it flopped about helplessly on the ground.

“You do owe it to him,” she subtly pressed, leaning back once again in her seat. Tom stayed silent for a moment, staring firmly at the little blue hedgehog for what seemed like forever. Finally he caved and started the ignition once again.

“Fine. Get in.”

“Really?” Sonic and Y/n chimed in hopeful unison. “You’re going to help me?” He shook out his fur at such a high speed that once he finished, it poofed out like a dramaticized afro. Y/n giggled in her seat, not being able to handle how cute it was. Butterflies began to wander around in her stomach.

“I guess it is sort of my fault,” Tom hesitantly admitted. 

“Actually, it’s entirely your fault,” Y/n teased. He gave her a playful shove, but snorted nonetheless. Sonic quickly climbed into the car and slammed the door shut behind him.

“Road trip!” He cheered, looking excitedly around the car. Y/n cheered along with him while still trying to shake the eerily feeling of familiarity. Tom shook his head, squeezing the steering wheel until his knuckles turned white.

“What the hell am I doing with my life?”

♡ a.a.

[meat-husband]

Do you think you'd write a part two to that yandere!vincent piece you wrote? :0 I haven't stopped thinking about it, it was soo good!

Well, this is like the third or fourth one now lol but here’s a lil origin story for how reader came to be in the basement.

I am boo boo the fool and completely forgot to q this, so it’s a day late lol

-

The shop you worked at was dirty, a grimey place that stayed open 24/7 to cater to the main clientele, the long haul truckers that came in off the interstate. It provided quick food and as many cups of coffee as you could drink, so long as you didn’t mind the rundown environment, but it wasn’t the kind of place that anyone expected five star meals from.

Opposite to most places, the peak hours were almost exclusively late at night, when most drivers needed to stop off for something to keep them going overnight. The daytime shift was slow, a trickle of people that dried up into nothing as the afternoon went on, with only the occasional customer. The food you sold was all premade convenience store fare, hotdogs and chicken left in a spinning rotisserie until someone was desperate enough to buy one, so you usually spent the downtime reading, tucked into a chair behind the counter. You barely looked up when the bell rang, signaling the arrival of another customer. In any other store it might have been rude not to offer some sort of hello, but the people that came through here were blunt and rough edged, getting in and out with little to no small talk.

“Hey, there.”

You drop your book, standing to ring up whatever has been laid on the counter, but you find it empty. You look up, meeting the eyes of the man across from you, but he has nothing in his hands and judging by the way he approached the counter, he wasn’t interested in looking around.

“Smokes?” You ask, already turning to flip open the display case.

“No, thanks,” he replies with an easy smile, leaning an elbow on the counter between you. “Not lookin’ to buy anything today.”

You frown at him. He was handsome, dark hair and sharp brown eyes, and the twitch of his lips as you looked him over told you that he knew it. His clothes were plain and worn, dirty from work, and he didn’t necessarily look out of place, but he didn’t look like a trucker either.

“Well, this is a store,” you tell him, sliding the display door closed. “If you’re not gonna buy anything, ain’t no point comin’ in.”

That gets a laugh out of him, smile widening, but his good humor only irritates you. You might not have been busy, but that wasn’t an invitation for him to come wandering around looking for conversation.

“I’m sorry,” he said, and it sounded genuine, tamping down his amused tone to something more charming. “I don’t mean to bother you, I just came in because of my brother.”

He gestures vaguely over his shoulder and you lean to the side to look out the dingy window. The parking lot is big, a shared space with the weigh station next door. A few trailers are parked across the way, but the spots closest to your shop are empty, except for one. A beat up old thing, streaked with mud and trailing a bumper that was tenuously held in place, stood a few rows back. Someone may have been in the cab of the old truck, but it was too far away to see.

You turn your eyes back to the man in front of you, frowning again. “Okay, then what’s he want? You said you weren’t buying anything.”

“Well, we’ve been by a few times before. Just stopping in from time to time, you know.”

You supposed this might be true, even though you don’t recognize him, but there weren’t really any regulars out here, so you didn’t bother to remember names or faces. He stops to give you a look that you think is supposed to be charming, but you’re at the edge of your patience already. He’s not spending money, so you’re not getting paid to stand here and listen while he tries to talk you up.

“My brother, now, he’s pretty shy -”

Here we go, you think, crossing your arms and glaring. Of course it’s all an elaborate set up, probably to ask for your number. It’s not the worst excuse you’ve heard, and it’s a good deal more polite than you’re used to, but there’s no way you’re sending this guy away with anything but a firm no.

“- so he didn’t want to come in himself, but he’s got quite a crush on you, and -”

“No.”

He stops, tilting his head to the side and looking at you with a confused smile that borders on annoyed. “‘No’ what?”

“You can’t have my number, or know when my shift ends, and I don’t want your number - or your ‘brother’s’.”

The smile slides from his face, straight into a nasty glare, face twisting with anger. It makes you pause for a moment, a trickle of fear running through the back of your mind, but there is a little bit of satisfaction at seeing the arrogant look wiped off his face.

He stands up, taking his elbow off the counter.

“Alright, fine.” He spits the words at you, turning back towards the door.

You watch him stalk away, a little bit of relief flooding you, but it doesn’t last for long. Halfway to the door, he stops, raising both hands as if in surrender, and slowly turns back to face you. He gives you a forced smile, taking a few steps towards the counter.

“Alright, maybe we got off on the wrong foot,” he starts, and you can’t help but roll your eyes. “Why don’t we start over, huh?”

“Sure.” Your voice is sour, arms crossed over your chest and eyes glaring, but he continues despite your obvious frustration.

“My name is Bo,” he says, putting obvious effort into keeping his tone friendly. “Nice to meet you.”

You bite out your first name in return, quick and short, hoping to get this over with and send the creep on his way. His forced smile doesn’t waver, plastered over his face like a mask.

“Now, like I was saying, my brother is a little shy,” Bo repeats, his demeanor slowly becoming more calm as he speaks. “But I noticed Vincent makin’ eyes at you whenever we came by, so I thought I’d come in and put in a good word for him.”

You stare at him for a moment, letting the silence linger between you to make sure that he’s done with his pitch. Bo returns your stare, tensed shoulders betraying the irritation that lurked under the friendly veneer he had put up.

“Alright. Good word duly noted,” you reply, voice even. “That all?”

He stares at you, face slack with confusion at first, but you see the spark of anger light up his eyes when your words finally hit him. When he turns around, throwing the shop door open on his way out, it’s not the reaction you had expected. It was an abrupt end to the unpleasant conversation, but you couldn’t say that you weren’t happy to finally have the man out of the store.

-

Working the morning shift means you’re not out of the store until late afternoon, the cool fall sky already going dark, and by then all thoughts of the encounter were out of your mind. You hadn’t been fortunate enough to snag a ride home, so no car waits for you in the parking lot, and the walk home is the only thing you’re thinking of when you leave. It wasn’t a dangerous area, exactly, but a cheap convenience store just off the interstate wasn’t a good place to be caught off guard, either.

The parking lot exits onto a small paved road, more of an alley that branches off from the main street. On the far side there is a larger path closer to the interstate, usually lined with parked trailers, and the weigh station in the distance is the only source of light once you leave the first row of spots outside the shop. You head towards the little road, eyes on the ground as you walk the familiar path, and you wouldn’t have noticed him at all if it weren’t for the sudden spark of headlights ahead of you.

An old truck is parked at the edge of the lot, lurking in the darkness just outside the exit onto the road. The engine rumbles loudly when it’s started, headlights burning white in the shadows and your attention is immediately pulled towards it. The door jerks open, a figure leaning half out of the truck, and you frown when you recognize who it is.

You need to walk past the vehicle to get to the road, so you firmly plant your eyes on the ground, hoping to slide around it and stay out of the headlights. Even if he does spot you, you reason, the jacket and hood you’ve slung over your work clothes might be enough to keep him from recognizing you.

The truck is leaking exhaust and your eyes water as you approach, raising a hand to rub at them. Your gaze leaves the ground for only a moment, but they land on the figure now coming around the front of the truck. He lifts a hand in greeting and you huff, annoyed to see that he had, indeed, noticed you. You look at him from the corner of your eyes as you pass, trying to avoid meeting his eyes. Had he been waiting for you? It couldn’t have been a coincidence that he was lingering outside as you left, but you didn’t recall seeing him after that morning.

“Hey!”

The sudden shout startles you and, against your better judgement, you look up at him in surprise. There is a smile on his face, friendly and charming, just as he had been when he had introduced himself.

You give him a half nod, feeling awkward that your attempt to ignore him hadn’t worked out, and turn to leave, picking up the pace as you walk away. The feeling of eyes on your back makes your skin crawl, but you don’t turn around.

Footsteps, loud and fast, follow you along the cracked pavement. The sound makes your muscles tense, a spot on the back of your head tingling where you imagine his eyes are focused, and your heart beats faster the closer they get.

You turn at the last second, facing him with a scowl on your face.

“Are you following me?”

He smiles. It probably should make you scared, but through the adrenaline you’re just irritated, seeing the annoyingly smug look he’s fixing you with.

“Sorry, just tryin’ to get your attention,” he replies, stopping a few feet away and putting his hands in his pockets. “I wanted to apologize, you know, for earlier.”

You find your frustration with this man growing by the second. The brief encounter you had had this morning was hardly on your mind hours later, so you couldn’t see why he was so determined to not only bother you even more, but to keep bringing up his past rudeness.

“Yeah, alright,” you agree with a sigh, already starting to turn away. “It’s fine, don’t worry about it.”

“Well, that’s kind of you,” he says, stepping to the side and keeping himself in front of you. “But I feel real bad about it, and I’d like to make it up to you.”

Your eyes narrow and you feel yourself go from irritated to pissed before he’s even finished saying the words. How persistent could one man be when you were very obviously not interested?

“Can you please fuck off?” You can see that the sudden venom in your voice catches him off guard. “How creepy is it to follow someone around a dark parking lot trying to hit on them after they’ve already said no?”

It takes him a moment to think up a reply, but you can see the outrage on his face.

“Hey,” he snaps back, all the friendliness gone from his voice and his face red from anger. “Don’t fuckin’ flatter yourself, I already told you it’s my brother -”

You cut him off with a mocking laugh, watching as his face reddened further. Maybe he was angry or maybe he was embarrassed at being called out, but you don’t want to spend anymore of your day talking to him.

“Yeah, whatever you say.”

The parking lot is big and dark, but somehow you feel safer walking into its shadows than trying to pass by the old truck parked next to the exit. You’ll take the long way around to avoid him, you decide, mentally mapping out your path. The median between the pavement and the road was uneven and overgrown, but you would risk slipping in the underbrush if it meant you could go in the opposite direction from him.

The familiar sound of footsteps, heavy, angry breathing and the metallic pop of a car door all reach your ears at once. You’re grabbed by the arm, too fast for you to even think of resisting, too fast for you to even turn and face the man behind you. He has you overwhelmed in a fraction of a second, taking control of your body’s movements and wrenching your arms behind your back with a practiced ease.

You cry out, a confused noise that you don’t mean to let out, trying to spin your head around far enough to see him over your shoulder. A rough shove forces your arm further into an awkward position, a sharp white pain seizing up your shoulder, but you can’t wiggle away.

“You should have been nice,” the man snarls into your ear, hot breath on the side of your face. “Would have turned out better for you that way.”

He sounds almost excited.

You hear him, but the words don’t sink in fully. The pain in your arm is too much to comprehend anything else, but your mind still recognizes the threat.

“Lot of fucking help you were!”

The words are shouted into your ear and you’re confused for a moment, before you realize that they weren’t directed at you. He turns and you’re forced to shuffle around in front of him, the pressure on your shoulder searing down your side.

The passenger door of the old truck has been thrown open, but you hardly have time to realize that before someone is in front of you. A large, cold hand is pressed to your face, palm against your cheek, fingers curling around the messy bits of hair that now stick to your sweaty face. You try to jerk back, but there’s nowhere to go with your arm still held in a vice grip behind you.

Your face is level with their chest, lanky black hair and a worn jacket all that you can see of them. The hand on your face cups your cheek in a too familiar way and you can sense that they are leaning over you, shoulders hunched to keep you blocked in.

“Hurry up and get ‘em in the truck, Vincent.” The other man hisses, pushing you forward and into the chest of the one in front of you.

The push jolts you forward, the arm behind you numb with pain. A cold, heavy spark of panic lands in your stomach. You do not want to get into that truck, but two sets of hands are forcing you towards it. With a gasp you suck in a quick breath, letting it out as a piercing scream. You twist between them, as much as you can with your arm locked in place. They’re startled for just a second, but it’s all the time you need.

You kick backwards with one foot, missing the first time but connecting with something on the next try, a harsh grunt of pain echoing in your ear. You can feel him buckle slightly, the grip on your arm going slack, the relief from the pressure building in your shoulder almost makes you dizzy. Hands grab at your clothing, trying to keep you under control, but you fight against their hold, letting out another breathless scream. Swaying on your feet, you lunge to the side, towards the dark, open expanse of pavement, knowing that all it would take is a few seconds to make it back into sight of the store.

When you find yourself on your back, blinking up at the sky and a worried, uncannily lifeless face hovering over you, it doesn’t register at first how you got there. Your vision spins and slowly a throbbing pain starts up in your head. The man above you pats your face, making low whines under his breath, and you weakly bat his hands away.

“All this fuckin’ trouble,” you hear the other man spit out, a deep anger in his voice. “I shoulda made you do this shit yourself, Vincent.”

[paulsmiithwick]

Can CBD Help me?

The cannabidiol (CBD) industry is currently booming, with many people finding that it may be able to relieve a wide variety of illnesses or everyday inconveniences. This article will explain what CBD is and how it is used, and explore some of the health claims surrounding it.

CBD Defined

How Is Hemp-Based CBD Different to Marijuana?

How Does THC Work?

What Are some Non-Medical Uses of CBD?

Possible Health Benefits of CBD

CBD and Epilepsy

CBD and Eating Disorders

CBD and Insomnia

CBD and PTSD/Anxiety

CBD and Chronic Pain Relief

CBD and Treatment of Substance Abuse

CBD and Cancer Symptoms and Treatment Side-Effects

How Safe Is CBD?

CBD DEFINED

Cannabidiol, or CBD, is the decarboxylated phytocannabinoid of CBDa found in heated cannabis. It was discovered in 1964 and is the second most abundant phytocannabinoid found in cannabis. CBD is one cannabinoid out of more than 100 that can be found in cannabis plants.

Because of CBD’s impact on the body’s endocannabinoid system, it can interact with the body and influence mood, appetite, immune responses, hormones, and sleep.

The legality and classification of CBD depend on the level of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This is the chemical compound that causes the “high” associated with marijuana use; however, THC must be consumed in large amounts for this effect to be felt. Crucially, the level of THC determines whether CBD can be considered hemp or marijuana. According to the 2018 Farm Bill, CBD is legal when it contains under 0.3% of THC.

Up until recently, CBD itself was incorrectly considered the same as THC by both the DEA and FDA. In June of 2018, however, CBD was federally reclassified from a Schedule I to Schedule V drug in the US – the least-restrictive category of drugs. In December of 2018, the 2018 Farm Bill officially reclassified hemp and CBD away from any drug scheduling. This allowed the Department of Agriculture to manage it as a crop. This bill also allowed interstate commerce of hemp and hemp products, including CBD. It also let hemp farmers purchase crop insurance, and opened the door to additional research from pharmaceutical companies.

HOW IS HEMP-BASED CBD DIFFERENT TO MARIJUANA?

Both marijuana and hemp are derived from the cannabis plant and can look pretty similar to the untrained eye. However, there are differences between the two, both from a botanical and a legal point of view.

Firstly, hemp is the most commonly used word for cannabis that contains less than 0.3% THC. When CBD comes from hemp oil, it will contain less than 0.3% THC and, therefore, have no intoxicating effects.

Marijuana, on the other hand, is simply the term for cannabis with a THC level of 0.3% or more – it can sometimes be as high as 30%. CBD derived from marijuana will likely have a THC level above 0.3% and, therefore, be illegal in most of the US.

Another difference is how cannabis plants are cultivated. By growing the plant in a specified environment, farmers can determine whether it will be female (and, therefore, have a high THC content and considered to be marijuana) or male (and, therefore, have a low THC content and considered to be hemp). Growing marijuana requires a lot of control and a high level of attention, while hemp is easier to produce in large amounts.

HOW DOES CBD WORK?

Both CBD and THC are cannabinoids; natural components found in hemp. However, and in contrast to CBD, THC is a psychoactive cannabinoid, i.e. it can cause intoxicating effects.

THC works by binding to two types of receptors in your body’s natural endocannabinoid system: CB1 receptors and CB2 receptors. This binding, especially its binding to CB1, is what causes the “high”.

As CBD mostly affects CB2 receptors instead of CB1, it produces no psychotropic effects, and its effects can be felt immediately.

Any strain containing more than 8% CBD is considered a high CBD strain, as CBD binds to CB2 receptors much quicker and much easier than THC does to CB1 ones.

NON-MEDICAL USES OF CBD

Throughout history, hemp has been used in a multitude of ways (over 50,000, in fact!). This is because it is made up of some of the strongest naturally made fibers in the plant world.

Some of its most common uses include:

TEXTILES, INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES, AND BUILDING MATERIALS

From clothes to diapers, hemp fibers are known to create sturdy textiles. This also includes shoes, bags, denim, and several types of fine fabrics. Even the Mayflower’s sails were made of hemp.

Except for everyday clothing, hemp is also used for items such as rope. Tarps and canvas are often sewn with hemp fibers, as are caulking, netting, and carpeting. Molded items and specially molded parts in the industrial world, as well as fiberboard, fiberglass, and insulation, may also utilize hemp fibers.

Additionally, hemp oil can be used to seal furniture, and can also be found in oil paints and other oil products. It’s also included in varnishes, fuel, and printing ink.

FOOD

A multitude of studies has indicated that hemp has several beneficial properties. Hemp seeds or hemp hearts are high in fat and highly nutritious. Hemp seed oil can also be used as cooking oil.

Hemp is also used in protein powders as a popular method for vegans to ingest the necessary proteins. It is made by grinding the hemp seeds into a powder and ends up with a nutty taste which is perfect for smoothies.

PAPER

Because of their strength, hemp fibers can create strong, high-quality paper. Hemp can also be a useful ingredient in newsprint, special packaging, and cardboard. Even the Declaration of Independence was written on paper made from hemp fibers, as were the best Bibles.

SELF-CARE

Because of its potent anti-inflammatory properties, hemp seed oil (as well as hemp supplements) is often used cosmetically to improve the skin, especially in regards to acne. There are multiple hemp soaps and shampoos on the market today, and hemp can be found in makeup, lotions, lip balms, and other cosmetics.

POSSIBLE HEALTH BENEFITS OF CBD

While CBD has recently been promoted as a panacea, many medical experts caution against the hype often associated with it. The problem is that, after decades of stagnant medical research because of its illegal status, rigorous studies into CBD have only recently started.

Given the fact that, in 2018, 75 studies were being conducted in the US alone, this will surely change in the near future. Until then, most studies already conducted suffer from problems such as small samples, lack of control groups, etc.

Unfortunately, this has led many to completely dismiss CBD’s possible health benefits and the many studies performed on hemp-derived CBD that have helped researchers understand the benefits and effects of CBD extracts and oils.

One of the most comprehensive studies on CBD was conducted in 2017 by the World Health Organization (WHO). They found no public health risks or abuse potential for CBD. The WHO concluded that naturally occurring CBD was safe and well tolerated in humans and animals, and is not associated with any negative public health effects. Specifically, the WHO report found that:

In humans, CBD exhibits no effects indicative of any abuse or dependence potential. CBD has been demonstrated as an effective treatment of epilepsy in several clinical trials, with one pure CBD product (Epidiolex®) currently in Phase III trials. There is also preliminary evidence that CBD may be a useful treatment for a number of other medical conditions.

CBD is generally well tolerated with a good safety profile. Reported adverse effects may be as a result of drug-drug interactions between CBD and patients’ existing medications.

To date, there is no evidence of recreational use of CBD or any public health-related problems associated with the use of pure CBD.

The report included a list of diseases for which CBD may have a therapeutic benefit:

The consensus among the medical community is that:

CBD has strong anti-inflammatory properties. These seem to be most effective when the cannabinoid is used to relieve acne, arthritis, and other painful or uncomfortable conditions.

CBD has potent antibacterial capabilities. Some studies have observed that hemp, along with other fibrous plants, can be utilized to fight against several types of pathogenic bacteria.

Because of these properties, CBD may benefit people with several different conditions, some of which are outlined in further detail below.

1 – CBD AND EPILEPSY

One of the few proven medical benefits of CBD involves syndromes of childhood epilepsy.

As a neurological disorder, epilepsy can cause seizures of varying levels. The episodes can be recurring and sudden and often lead to convulsions, irregular electrical brain activity, fainting, and lack of consciousness. Whereas strokes are defined as disruption or loss of blood circulation taking place in the brain, seizures are neurological and occur when there is an electrical surge in the brain.

Among the several treatments available for epilepsy is Epidiolex; a CBD derivative approved by the FDA in June 2018. Specifically, Epidiolex has been approved for the treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Dravet syndrome for patients 2 years of age and older. Dravet syndrome is triggered when a patient is exposed to high temperatures. Lennox Gastaut syndrome most often causes tonic seizures, which cause an uncontrollable contraction of muscles. Several patients with Lennox Gastaut syndrome often experience either long seizure episodes or a cluster of short ones.

It should be stressed that Epidiolex aims at decreasing both the severity and frequency of seizures; not cure epilepsy.

2 – CBD AND EATING DISORDERS

For many people, eating is an enjoyable experience. For others, it is a source of fear, stress, and anxiety, which can lead to eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia.

Anorexia usually causes a person to feel intense anxiety at the thought of eating, leading to them avoiding food completely. Those with bulimia, on the other hand, will experience an avoidance of food, but will ultimately lose control and eat a huge amount of calories at once. This is then followed by an immediate purge of food.

Both anorexia and bulimia are often caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain and can have serious negative effects on a person’s physical and mental health. Studies suggest that hemp CBD can cause a welcome alteration in the brain’s chemistry, causing a decrease in anxiety and an increase in appetite.

3 – CBD AND INSOMNIA

While insomnia is usually defined as a condition which deprives people of sleep, some people are able to fall asleep but don’t have the ability to stay that way for more than a short period of time.

Those with insomnia experience high levels of fatigue, a decrease in energy, decreased performance and concentration, and/or mood changes and disturbances. Sometimes, insomnia is temporary and occurs at times of high stress and pressure. However, chronic insomnia can occur every day and last several months, or even longer. In some cases, the condition may be due to psychological issues such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), bipolar disorder, or anxiety. External and physical factors such as stress, chronic pain, endocrine issues, allergies, or asthma may also impact a person’s ability to sleep, as can lifestyle choices, such as working irregular hours.

There are several treatments for this condition. Many people will turn to over-the-counter medicines or medical prescriptions. If insomnia is caused by mental issues, individuals will often try therapy. Others, simply learn to change their lifestyles.

Studies indicate that hemp CBD interacts with melatonin and other key receptors in the brain to impact sleep cycles. It also has been shown to decrease anxiety, which can be a huge factor when it comes to insomnia.

A 2016 study observed a 10-year-old girl with PTSD and insomnia. Pharmaceutical medications were unable to permanently help alleviate her condition, but CBD was able to significantly improve her condition. Whereas she was unable to sleep alone beforehand, she was soon able to sleep in her own room as well as perform better in school.

4 – CBD AND PTSD/ANXIETY

Many people suffer from anxiety, which is an intense feeling of worry or general unease. It often arises due to specified triggers or uncertainty. In some cases, this anxiety can lead to panic attacks or unhealthy and compulsive behavior.

Although anxiety medications work extremely well for some people, many come with several negative side-effects, with some causing further anxiety, depression, or insomnia. If you are taking medication to ease anxiety and it is simultaneously causing insomnia or depression, more issues can quickly surface.

PTSD can have a big effect on anxiety. It takes place after individuals experience a traumatic event such as activity in the military, sexual assault, abuse, or extreme injuries. However, pharmaceutical medications for PTSD are often unable to improve a person’s condition.

Studies have shown positive effects when the patients used CBD as a treatment. One study used the treatment first on animals, then on humans. Both results were successful in treating PTSD and helping patients sleep better and feel less anxious in their day-to-day life.

5 – CBD AND CHRONIC PAIN RELIEF

Chronic pain occurs due to a wide variety of ailments, including arthritis, pain related to cancer, neuropathic pain, and inflammatory pain.

Inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain are two of the most difficult types of chronic pain to treat. As the name suggests, inflammatory pain is a result of swelling stimulating the nerves, which causes soreness and pain. Neuropathic pain, however, takes place when there is damage to the somatosensory nervous system (the nervous system relating to the sensation of touch). The pain may be episodic, continuous, or a mixture of both. It is hard to treat without extensive and strong medications, but even then, the pain can still be intense.

Studies have shown that CBD can inhibit neuropathic pain by reducing inflammation. This is also the case for other types of chronic pain such as arthritis, which can be treated by applying CBD to the skin. Again, the CBD inhibits this pain through its anti-inflammatory properties.

The method CBD uses to relieve pain is through an interaction with receptors found in the immune system and brain. When CBD interacts with these receptors, it can reduce pain and inflammation, both of which can relieve people suffering from chronic pain.

6 – CBD AND TREATMENT OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Not only is CBD non-addictive but, perhaps surprisingly, studies suggest that it can help stop substance abuse.

A 2015 research studied a young male with recreational marijuana addiction. During treatment with CBD, the patient did not use any marijuana, even after his dose was decreased from 24 mg to 18 mg.

Overall, the patient perceived a decrease in his anxiety and an increase in the quality of his sleep. In fact, some CBD researchers believe that CBD may be able to reduce the effects of THC on those addicted to marijuana and other substances.

7 – CBD AND CANCER SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT SIDE-EFFECTS

Both cancer and its treatment can cause extreme pain and discomfort. A study involving a CBD-based mouth spray saw decreased levels of nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy.

There is ongoing research on the benefits of CBD oil for pain relief in cancer patients. The initial findings are promising, since CBD oil seems to be effective in managing cancer symptoms and treatment symptoms. Due to its powerful anti-inflammatory qualities, CBD oil could act as a major pain relief by reducing inflammation. In one study, patients who received CBD supplements experienced far less pain than those without.

Cancer-related pain can occur either due to inflammation or tumors touching and hurting organs; CBD oil could alleviate such pain.

CBD oil is also believed to be effective in treating chemotherapy-related symptoms like nausea and vomiting.

A recent study (Nature, July 2018) also found that combining chemotherapy with CBD inhibited the proliferation rate of cancer cells and tripled the survival rate of mice with pancreatic cancer. A 2013 study found that the same combination of therapies decreased the reproduction of cancer cells, while several other studies have found that this mixture helps repair damaged cells and maintain the balance of healthy cells in the body.

There is plenty of ongoing research on the effects of THC and CBD in actively reducing cancer tumors, with promising initial results. However, as of today, there is no approved drug protocol which includes THC or CBD for cancer treatment.

If you are thinking of trying CBD or THC for cancer-related symptoms, consult with your doctor first as it can impede your treatment.

HOW SAFE IS CBD?

Several companies offer multiple CBD products, including CBD isolate oil, full-spectrum CBD oil, CBD capsules, and CBD gummies. When taken in the right doses, they may have a distinctly positive effect on many health conditions.

However, as with any medication, CBD can also have side-effects, such as nausea or dry mouth. Also, because CBD is effective in the treatment of eating disorders and insomnia, side-effects can include fatigue and appetite changes. Thankfully, CBD’s side-effects are not considered serious, and it is practically impossible to overdose on the cannabinoid or become physically addicted to it.

If you are taking other medications, it’s important to consult with a doctor before taking CBD, as they could have negative interactions. For example, CBD can cause the levels of other medications already in your system to rise, including blood thinners such as Coumadin. And glaucoma patients should avoid CBD, as it can increase intraocular pressure.

It should be stressed that, while hemp and its products are legal in all 50 US states, the FDA does not regulate CBD. Because of this, CBD products cannot be sold as medication, but as health supplements instead. It is advisable to purchase a product from a company that provides third-party lab test results that clearly show the exact content and confirm the presence or absence of harmful chemicals and pesticides.

However, CBD dosage can have a big effect on its effectiveness, as can its quality.

No matter how you choose to take CBD, you need to make sure you have bought it from a trusted source and ask for a Certificate of Analysis. Research has shown that the majority of products in the market have misleading information on their labels. Mislabeled products claim that they contain less than 0.3% of THC but actually contain more. This can make you test positive for THC in drug tests. Other products contain less CBD than they claim.

That is why it is essential to ask for the manufacturer’s COA (Certificate of Analysis) when buying CBD products. It is even better when such tests are handled by a third-party facility, explicitly certified for THC analysis. It is best to buy CBD oil produced from hemp grown by trusted hemp farmers.

This is particularly important, as hemp is used in many countries to clean up the soil by absorbing heavy metals and pesticides from the ground. This produces polluted hemp, which leads to polluted CBD oil. CBD oil from locally grown hemp, produced in qualified laboratories, and tested during the extraction process is the best guarantee that you are buying real CBD oil.

Have you tried CBD for an ailment or condition? Did it work for you? We’d love to hear what you think in the comments!

source https://onlypure.com/can-cbd-help-me/

source https://onlypure1.wordpress.com/2020/03/17/can-cbd-help-me/

[virginiamanzo]

Can CBD Help me?

The cannabidiol (CBD) industry is currently booming, with many people finding that it may be able to relieve a wide variety of illnesses or everyday inconveniences. This article will explain what CBD is and how it is used, and explore some of the health claims surrounding it.

CBD Defined

How Is Hemp-Based CBD Different to Marijuana?

How Does THC Work?

What Are some Non-Medical Uses of CBD?

Possible Health Benefits of CBD

CBD and Epilepsy

CBD and Eating Disorders

CBD and Insomnia

CBD and PTSD/Anxiety

CBD and Chronic Pain Relief

CBD and Treatment of Substance Abuse

CBD and Cancer Symptoms and Treatment Side-Effects

How Safe Is CBD?

CBD DEFINED

Cannabidiol, or CBD, is the decarboxylated phytocannabinoid of CBDa found in heated cannabis. It was discovered in 1964 and is the second most abundant phytocannabinoid found in cannabis. CBD is one cannabinoid out of more than 100 that can be found in cannabis plants.

Because of CBD’s impact on the body’s endocannabinoid system, it can interact with the body and influence mood, appetite, immune responses, hormones, and sleep.

The legality and classification of CBD depend on the level of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This is the chemical compound that causes the “high” associated with marijuana use; however, THC must be consumed in large amounts for this effect to be felt. Crucially, the level of THC determines whether CBD can be considered hemp or marijuana. According to the 2018 Farm Bill, CBD is legal when it contains under 0.3% of THC.

Up until recently, CBD itself was incorrectly considered the same as THC by both the DEA and FDA. In June of 2018, however, CBD was federally reclassified from a Schedule I to Schedule V drug in the US – the least-restrictive category of drugs. In December of 2018, the 2018 Farm Bill officially reclassified hemp and CBD away from any drug scheduling. This allowed the Department of Agriculture to manage it as a crop. This bill also allowed interstate commerce of hemp and hemp products, including CBD. It also let hemp farmers purchase crop insurance, and opened the door to additional research from pharmaceutical companies.

HOW IS HEMP-BASED CBD DIFFERENT TO MARIJUANA?

Both marijuana and hemp are derived from the cannabis plant and can look pretty similar to the untrained eye. However, there are differences between the two, both from a botanical and a legal point of view.

Firstly, hemp is the most commonly used word for cannabis that contains less than 0.3% THC. When CBD comes from hemp oil, it will contain less than 0.3% THC and, therefore, have no intoxicating effects.

Marijuana, on the other hand, is simply the term for cannabis with a THC level of 0.3% or more – it can sometimes be as high as 30%. CBD derived from marijuana will likely have a THC level above 0.3% and, therefore, be illegal in most of the US.

Another difference is how cannabis plants are cultivated. By growing the plant in a specified environment, farmers can determine whether it will be female (and, therefore, have a high THC content and considered to be marijuana) or male (and, therefore, have a low THC content and considered to be hemp). Growing marijuana requires a lot of control and a high level of attention, while hemp is easier to produce in large amounts.

HOW DOES CBD WORK?

Both CBD and THC are cannabinoids; natural components found in hemp. However, and in contrast to CBD, THC is a psychoactive cannabinoid, i.e. it can cause intoxicating effects.

THC works by binding to two types of receptors in your body’s natural endocannabinoid system: CB1 receptors and CB2 receptors. This binding, especially its binding to CB1, is what causes the “high”.

As CBD mostly affects CB2 receptors instead of CB1, it produces no psychotropic effects, and its effects can be felt immediately.

Any strain containing more than 8% CBD is considered a high CBD strain, as CBD binds to CB2 receptors much quicker and much easier than THC does to CB1 ones.

NON-MEDICAL USES OF CBD

Throughout history, hemp has been used in a multitude of ways (over 50,000, in fact!). This is because it is made up of some of the strongest naturally made fibers in the plant world.

Some of its most common uses include:

TEXTILES, INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES, AND BUILDING MATERIALS

From clothes to diapers, hemp fibers are known to create sturdy textiles. This also includes shoes, bags, denim, and several types of fine fabrics. Even the Mayflower’s sails were made of hemp.

Except for everyday clothing, hemp is also used for items such as rope. Tarps and canvas are often sewn with hemp fibers, as are caulking, netting, and carpeting. Molded items and specially molded parts in the industrial world, as well as fiberboard, fiberglass, and insulation, may also utilize hemp fibers.

Additionally, hemp oil can be used to seal furniture, and can also be found in oil paints and other oil products. It’s also included in varnishes, fuel, and printing ink.

FOOD

A multitude of studies has indicated that hemp has several beneficial properties. Hemp seeds or hemp hearts are high in fat and highly nutritious. Hemp seed oil can also be used as cooking oil.

Hemp is also used in protein powders as a popular method for vegans to ingest the necessary proteins. It is made by grinding the hemp seeds into a powder and ends up with a nutty taste which is perfect for smoothies.

PAPER

Because of their strength, hemp fibers can create strong, high-quality paper. Hemp can also be a useful ingredient in newsprint, special packaging, and cardboard. Even the Declaration of Independence was written on paper made from hemp fibers, as were the best Bibles.

SELF-CARE

Because of its potent anti-inflammatory properties, hemp seed oil (as well as hemp supplements) is often used cosmetically to improve the skin, especially in regards to acne. There are multiple hemp soaps and shampoos on the market today, and hemp can be found in makeup, lotions, lip balms, and other cosmetics.

POSSIBLE HEALTH BENEFITS OF CBD

While CBD has recently been promoted as a panacea, many medical experts caution against the hype often associated with it. The problem is that, after decades of stagnant medical research because of its illegal status, rigorous studies into CBD have only recently started.

Given the fact that, in 2018, 75 studies were being conducted in the US alone, this will surely change in the near future. Until then, most studies already conducted suffer from problems such as small samples, lack of control groups, etc.

Unfortunately, this has led many to completely dismiss CBD’s possible health benefits and the many studies performed on hemp-derived CBD that have helped researchers understand the benefits and effects of CBD extracts and oils.

One of the most comprehensive studies on CBD was conducted in 2017 by the World Health Organization (WHO). They found no public health risks or abuse potential for CBD. The WHO concluded that naturally occurring CBD was safe and well tolerated in humans and animals, and is not associated with any negative public health effects. Specifically, the WHO report found that:

In humans, CBD exhibits no effects indicative of any abuse or dependence potential. CBD has been demonstrated as an effective treatment of epilepsy in several clinical trials, with one pure CBD product (Epidiolex®) currently in Phase III trials. There is also preliminary evidence that CBD may be a useful treatment for a number of other medical conditions.

CBD is generally well tolerated with a good safety profile. Reported adverse effects may be as a result of drug-drug interactions between CBD and patients’ existing medications.

To date, there is no evidence of recreational use of CBD or any public health-related problems associated with the use of pure CBD.

The report included a list of diseases for which CBD may have a therapeutic benefit:

The consensus among the medical community is that:

CBD has strong anti-inflammatory properties. These seem to be most effective when the cannabinoid is used to relieve acne, arthritis, and other painful or uncomfortable conditions.

CBD has potent antibacterial capabilities. Some studies have observed that hemp, along with other fibrous plants, can be utilized to fight against several types of pathogenic bacteria.

Because of these properties, CBD may benefit people with several different conditions, some of which are outlined in further detail below.

1 – CBD AND EPILEPSY

One of the few proven medical benefits of CBD involves syndromes of childhood epilepsy.

As a neurological disorder, epilepsy can cause seizures of varying levels. The episodes can be recurring and sudden and often lead to convulsions, irregular electrical brain activity, fainting, and lack of consciousness. Whereas strokes are defined as disruption or loss of blood circulation taking place in the brain, seizures are neurological and occur when there is an electrical surge in the brain.

Among the several treatments available for epilepsy is Epidiolex; a CBD derivative approved by the FDA in June 2018. Specifically, Epidiolex has been approved for the treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Dravet syndrome for patients 2 years of age and older. Dravet syndrome is triggered when a patient is exposed to high temperatures. Lennox Gastaut syndrome most often causes tonic seizures, which cause an uncontrollable contraction of muscles. Several patients with Lennox Gastaut syndrome often experience either long seizure episodes or a cluster of short ones.

It should be stressed that Epidiolex aims at decreasing both the severity and frequency of seizures; not cure epilepsy.

2 – CBD AND EATING DISORDERS

For many people, eating is an enjoyable experience. For others, it is a source of fear, stress, and anxiety, which can lead to eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia.

Anorexia usually causes a person to feel intense anxiety at the thought of eating, leading to them avoiding food completely. Those with bulimia, on the other hand, will experience an avoidance of food, but will ultimately lose control and eat a huge amount of calories at once. This is then followed by an immediate purge of food.

Both anorexia and bulimia are often caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain and can have serious negative effects on a person’s physical and mental health. Studies suggest that hemp CBD can cause a welcome alteration in the brain’s chemistry, causing a decrease in anxiety and an increase in appetite.

3 – CBD AND INSOMNIA

While insomnia is usually defined as a condition which deprives people of sleep, some people are able to fall asleep but don’t have the ability to stay that way for more than a short period of time.

Those with insomnia experience high levels of fatigue, a decrease in energy, decreased performance and concentration, and/or mood changes and disturbances. Sometimes, insomnia is temporary and occurs at times of high stress and pressure. However, chronic insomnia can occur every day and last several months, or even longer. In some cases, the condition may be due to psychological issues such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), bipolar disorder, or anxiety. External and physical factors such as stress, chronic pain, endocrine issues, allergies, or asthma may also impact a person’s ability to sleep, as can lifestyle choices, such as working irregular hours.

There are several treatments for this condition. Many people will turn to over-the-counter medicines or medical prescriptions. If insomnia is caused by mental issues, individuals will often try therapy. Others, simply learn to change their lifestyles.

Studies indicate that hemp CBD interacts with melatonin and other key receptors in the brain to impact sleep cycles. It also has been shown to decrease anxiety, which can be a huge factor when it comes to insomnia.

A 2016 study observed a 10-year-old girl with PTSD and insomnia. Pharmaceutical medications were unable to permanently help alleviate her condition, but CBD was able to significantly improve her condition. Whereas she was unable to sleep alone beforehand, she was soon able to sleep in her own room as well as perform better in school.

4 – CBD AND PTSD/ANXIETY

Many people suffer from anxiety, which is an intense feeling of worry or general unease. It often arises due to specified triggers or uncertainty. In some cases, this anxiety can lead to panic attacks or unhealthy and compulsive behavior.

Although anxiety medications work extremely well for some people, many come with several negative side-effects, with some causing further anxiety, depression, or insomnia. If you are taking medication to ease anxiety and it is simultaneously causing insomnia or depression, more issues can quickly surface.

PTSD can have a big effect on anxiety. It takes place after individuals experience a traumatic event such as activity in the military, sexual assault, abuse, or extreme injuries. However, pharmaceutical medications for PTSD are often unable to improve a person’s condition.

Studies have shown positive effects when the patients used CBD as a treatment. One study used the treatment first on animals, then on humans. Both results were successful in treating PTSD and helping patients sleep better and feel less anxious in their day-to-day life.

5 – CBD AND CHRONIC PAIN RELIEF

Chronic pain occurs due to a wide variety of ailments, including arthritis, pain related to cancer, neuropathic pain, and inflammatory pain.

Inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain are two of the most difficult types of chronic pain to treat. As the name suggests, inflammatory pain is a result of swelling stimulating the nerves, which causes soreness and pain. Neuropathic pain, however, takes place when there is damage to the somatosensory nervous system (the nervous system relating to the sensation of touch). The pain may be episodic, continuous, or a mixture of both. It is hard to treat without extensive and strong medications, but even then, the pain can still be intense.

Studies have shown that CBD can inhibit neuropathic pain by reducing inflammation. This is also the case for other types of chronic pain such as arthritis, which can be treated by applying CBD to the skin. Again, the CBD inhibits this pain through its anti-inflammatory properties.

The method CBD uses to relieve pain is through an interaction with receptors found in the immune system and brain. When CBD interacts with these receptors, it can reduce pain and inflammation, both of which can relieve people suffering from chronic pain.

6 – CBD AND TREATMENT OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Not only is CBD non-addictive but, perhaps surprisingly, studies suggest that it can help stop substance abuse.

A 2015 research studied a young male with recreational marijuana addiction. During treatment with CBD, the patient did not use any marijuana, even after his dose was decreased from 24 mg to 18 mg.

Overall, the patient perceived a decrease in his anxiety and an increase in the quality of his sleep. In fact, some CBD researchers believe that CBD may be able to reduce the effects of THC on those addicted to marijuana and other substances.

7 – CBD AND CANCER SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT SIDE-EFFECTS

Both cancer and its treatment can cause extreme pain and discomfort. A study involving a CBD-based mouth spray saw decreased levels of nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy.

There is ongoing research on the benefits of CBD oil for pain relief in cancer patients. The initial findings are promising, since CBD oil seems to be effective in managing cancer symptoms and treatment symptoms. Due to its powerful anti-inflammatory qualities, CBD oil could act as a major pain relief by reducing inflammation. In one study, patients who received CBD supplements experienced far less pain than those without.

Cancer-related pain can occur either due to inflammation or tumors touching and hurting organs; CBD oil could alleviate such pain.

CBD oil is also believed to be effective in treating chemotherapy-related symptoms like nausea and vomiting.

A recent study (Nature, July 2018) also found that combining chemotherapy with CBD inhibited the proliferation rate of cancer cells and tripled the survival rate of mice with pancreatic cancer. A 2013 study found that the same combination of therapies decreased the reproduction of cancer cells, while several other studies have found that this mixture helps repair damaged cells and maintain the balance of healthy cells in the body.

There is plenty of ongoing research on the effects of THC and CBD in actively reducing cancer tumors, with promising initial results. However, as of today, there is no approved drug protocol which includes THC or CBD for cancer treatment.

If you are thinking of trying CBD or THC for cancer-related symptoms, consult with your doctor first as it can impede your treatment.

HOW SAFE IS CBD?

Several companies offer multiple CBD products, including CBD isolate oil, full-spectrum CBD oil, CBD capsules, and CBD gummies. When taken in the right doses, they may have a distinctly positive effect on many health conditions.

However, as with any medication, CBD can also have side-effects, such as nausea or dry mouth. Also, because CBD is effective in the treatment of eating disorders and insomnia, side-effects can include fatigue and appetite changes. Thankfully, CBD’s side-effects are not considered serious, and it is practically impossible to overdose on the cannabinoid or become physically addicted to it.

If you are taking other medications, it’s important to consult with a doctor before taking CBD, as they could have negative interactions. For example, CBD can cause the levels of other medications already in your system to rise, including blood thinners such as Coumadin. And glaucoma patients should avoid CBD, as it can increase intraocular pressure.

It should be stressed that, while hemp and its products are legal in all 50 US states, the FDA does not regulate CBD. Because of this, CBD products cannot be sold as medication, but as health supplements instead. It is advisable to purchase a product from a company that provides third-party lab test results that clearly show the exact content and confirm the presence or absence of harmful chemicals and pesticides.

However, CBD dosage can have a big effect on its effectiveness, as can its quality.

No matter how you choose to take CBD, you need to make sure you have bought it from a trusted source and ask for a Certificate of Analysis. Research has shown that the majority of products in the market have misleading information on their labels. Mislabeled products claim that they contain less than 0.3% of THC but actually contain more. This can make you test positive for THC in drug tests. Other products contain less CBD than they claim.

That is why it is essential to ask for the manufacturer’s COA (Certificate of Analysis) when buying CBD products. It is even better when such tests are handled by a third-party facility, explicitly certified for THC analysis. It is best to buy CBD oil produced from hemp grown by trusted hemp farmers.

This is particularly important, as hemp is used in many countries to clean up the soil by absorbing heavy metals and pesticides from the ground. This produces polluted hemp, which leads to polluted CBD oil. CBD oil from locally grown hemp, produced in qualified laboratories, and tested during the extraction process is the best guarantee that you are buying real CBD oil.

Have you tried CBD for an ailment or condition? Did it work for you? We’d love to hear what you think in the comments!

source https://onlypure.com/can-cbd-help-me/ source https://onlypure1.tumblr.com/post/612857744427548672

[ireneberrnstein]

Can CBD Help me?

The cannabidiol (CBD) industry is currently booming, with many people finding that it may be able to relieve a wide variety of illnesses or everyday inconveniences. This article will explain what CBD is and how it is used, and explore some of the health claims surrounding it.

CBD Defined

How Is Hemp-Based CBD Different to Marijuana?

How Does THC Work?

What Are some Non-Medical Uses of CBD?

Possible Health Benefits of CBD

CBD and Epilepsy

CBD and Eating Disorders

CBD and Insomnia

CBD and PTSD/Anxiety

CBD and Chronic Pain Relief

CBD and Treatment of Substance Abuse

CBD and Cancer Symptoms and Treatment Side-Effects

How Safe Is CBD?

CBD DEFINED

Cannabidiol, or CBD, is the decarboxylated phytocannabinoid of CBDa found in heated cannabis. It was discovered in 1964 and is the second most abundant phytocannabinoid found in cannabis. CBD is one cannabinoid out of more than 100 that can be found in cannabis plants.

Because of CBD’s impact on the body’s endocannabinoid system, it can interact with the body and influence mood, appetite, immune responses, hormones, and sleep.

The legality and classification of CBD depend on the level of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This is the chemical compound that causes the “high” associated with marijuana use; however, THC must be consumed in large amounts for this effect to be felt. Crucially, the level of THC determines whether CBD can be considered hemp or marijuana. According to the 2018 Farm Bill, CBD is legal when it contains under 0.3% of THC.

Up until recently, CBD itself was incorrectly considered the same as THC by both the DEA and FDA. In June of 2018, however, CBD was federally reclassified from a Schedule I to Schedule V drug in the US – the least-restrictive category of drugs. In December of 2018, the 2018 Farm Bill officially reclassified hemp and CBD away from any drug scheduling. This allowed the Department of Agriculture to manage it as a crop. This bill also allowed interstate commerce of hemp and hemp products, including CBD. It also let hemp farmers purchase crop insurance, and opened the door to additional research from pharmaceutical companies.

HOW IS HEMP-BASED CBD DIFFERENT TO MARIJUANA?

Both marijuana and hemp are derived from the cannabis plant and can look pretty similar to the untrained eye. However, there are differences between the two, both from a botanical and a legal point of view.

Firstly, hemp is the most commonly used word for cannabis that contains less than 0.3% THC. When CBD comes from hemp oil, it will contain less than 0.3% THC and, therefore, have no intoxicating effects.

Marijuana, on the other hand, is simply the term for cannabis with a THC level of 0.3% or more – it can sometimes be as high as 30%. CBD derived from marijuana will likely have a THC level above 0.3% and, therefore, be illegal in most of the US.

Another difference is how cannabis plants are cultivated. By growing the plant in a specified environment, farmers can determine whether it will be female (and, therefore, have a high THC content and considered to be marijuana) or male (and, therefore, have a low THC content and considered to be hemp). Growing marijuana requires a lot of control and a high level of attention, while hemp is easier to produce in large amounts.

HOW DOES CBD WORK?

Both CBD and THC are cannabinoids; natural components found in hemp. However, and in contrast to CBD, THC is a psychoactive cannabinoid, i.e. it can cause intoxicating effects.

THC works by binding to two types of receptors in your body’s natural endocannabinoid system: CB1 receptors and CB2 receptors. This binding, especially its binding to CB1, is what causes the “high”.

As CBD mostly affects CB2 receptors instead of CB1, it produces no psychotropic effects, and its effects can be felt immediately.

Any strain containing more than 8% CBD is considered a high CBD strain, as CBD binds to CB2 receptors much quicker and much easier than THC does to CB1 ones.

NON-MEDICAL USES OF CBD

Throughout history, hemp has been used in a multitude of ways (over 50,000, in fact!). This is because it is made up of some of the strongest naturally made fibers in the plant world.

Some of its most common uses include:

TEXTILES, INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES, AND BUILDING MATERIALS

From clothes to diapers, hemp fibers are known to create sturdy textiles. This also includes shoes, bags, denim, and several types of fine fabrics. Even the Mayflower’s sails were made of hemp.

Except for everyday clothing, hemp is also used for items such as rope. Tarps and canvas are often sewn with hemp fibers, as are caulking, netting, and carpeting. Molded items and specially molded parts in the industrial world, as well as fiberboard, fiberglass, and insulation, may also utilize hemp fibers.

Additionally, hemp oil can be used to seal furniture, and can also be found in oil paints and other oil products. It’s also included in varnishes, fuel, and printing ink.

FOOD

A multitude of studies has indicated that hemp has several beneficial properties. Hemp seeds or hemp hearts are high in fat and highly nutritious. Hemp seed oil can also be used as cooking oil.

Hemp is also used in protein powders as a popular method for vegans to ingest the necessary proteins. It is made by grinding the hemp seeds into a powder and ends up with a nutty taste which is perfect for smoothies.

PAPER

Because of their strength, hemp fibers can create strong, high-quality paper. Hemp can also be a useful ingredient in newsprint, special packaging, and cardboard. Even the Declaration of Independence was written on paper made from hemp fibers, as were the best Bibles.

SELF-CARE

Because of its potent anti-inflammatory properties, hemp seed oil (as well as hemp supplements) is often used cosmetically to improve the skin, especially in regards to acne. There are multiple hemp soaps and shampoos on the market today, and hemp can be found in makeup, lotions, lip balms, and other cosmetics.

POSSIBLE HEALTH BENEFITS OF CBD

While CBD has recently been promoted as a panacea, many medical experts caution against the hype often associated with it. The problem is that, after decades of stagnant medical research because of its illegal status, rigorous studies into CBD have only recently started.

Given the fact that, in 2018, 75 studies were being conducted in the US alone, this will surely change in the near future. Until then, most studies already conducted suffer from problems such as small samples, lack of control groups, etc.

Unfortunately, this has led many to completely dismiss CBD’s possible health benefits and the many studies performed on hemp-derived CBD that have helped researchers understand the benefits and effects of CBD extracts and oils.

One of the most comprehensive studies on CBD was conducted in 2017 by the World Health Organization (WHO). They found no public health risks or abuse potential for CBD. The WHO concluded that naturally occurring CBD was safe and well tolerated in humans and animals, and is not associated with any negative public health effects. Specifically, the WHO report found that:

In humans, CBD exhibits no effects indicative of any abuse or dependence potential. CBD has been demonstrated as an effective treatment of epilepsy in several clinical trials, with one pure CBD product (Epidiolex®) currently in Phase III trials. There is also preliminary evidence that CBD may be a useful treatment for a number of other medical conditions.

CBD is generally well tolerated with a good safety profile. Reported adverse effects may be as a result of drug-drug interactions between CBD and patients’ existing medications.

To date, there is no evidence of recreational use of CBD or any public health-related problems associated with the use of pure CBD.

The report included a list of diseases for which CBD may have a therapeutic benefit:

The consensus among the medical community is that:

CBD has strong anti-inflammatory properties. These seem to be most effective when the cannabinoid is used to relieve acne, arthritis, and other painful or uncomfortable conditions.

CBD has potent antibacterial capabilities. Some studies have observed that hemp, along with other fibrous plants, can be utilized to fight against several types of pathogenic bacteria.

Because of these properties, CBD may benefit people with several different conditions, some of which are outlined in further detail below.

1 – CBD AND EPILEPSY

One of the few proven medical benefits of CBD involves syndromes of childhood epilepsy.

As a neurological disorder, epilepsy can cause seizures of varying levels. The episodes can be recurring and sudden and often lead to convulsions, irregular electrical brain activity, fainting, and lack of consciousness. Whereas strokes are defined as disruption or loss of blood circulation taking place in the brain, seizures are neurological and occur when there is an electrical surge in the brain.

Among the several treatments available for epilepsy is Epidiolex; a CBD derivative approved by the FDA in June 2018. Specifically, Epidiolex has been approved for the treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Dravet syndrome for patients 2 years of age and older. Dravet syndrome is triggered when a patient is exposed to high temperatures. Lennox Gastaut syndrome most often causes tonic seizures, which cause an uncontrollable contraction of muscles. Several patients with Lennox Gastaut syndrome often experience either long seizure episodes or a cluster of short ones.

It should be stressed that Epidiolex aims at decreasing both the severity and frequency of seizures; not cure epilepsy.

2 – CBD AND EATING DISORDERS

For many people, eating is an enjoyable experience. For others, it is a source of fear, stress, and anxiety, which can lead to eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia.

Anorexia usually causes a person to feel intense anxiety at the thought of eating, leading to them avoiding food completely. Those with bulimia, on the other hand, will experience an avoidance of food, but will ultimately lose control and eat a huge amount of calories at once. This is then followed by an immediate purge of food.

Both anorexia and bulimia are often caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain and can have serious negative effects on a person’s physical and mental health. Studies suggest that hemp CBD can cause a welcome alteration in the brain’s chemistry, causing a decrease in anxiety and an increase in appetite.

3 – CBD AND INSOMNIA

While insomnia is usually defined as a condition which deprives people of sleep, some people are able to fall asleep but don’t have the ability to stay that way for more than a short period of time.

Those with insomnia experience high levels of fatigue, a decrease in energy, decreased performance and concentration, and/or mood changes and disturbances. Sometimes, insomnia is temporary and occurs at times of high stress and pressure. However, chronic insomnia can occur every day and last several months, or even longer. In some cases, the condition may be due to psychological issues such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), bipolar disorder, or anxiety. External and physical factors such as stress, chronic pain, endocrine issues, allergies, or asthma may also impact a person’s ability to sleep, as can lifestyle choices, such as working irregular hours.

There are several treatments for this condition. Many people will turn to over-the-counter medicines or medical prescriptions. If insomnia is caused by mental issues, individuals will often try therapy. Others, simply learn to change their lifestyles.

Studies indicate that hemp CBD interacts with melatonin and other key receptors in the brain to impact sleep cycles. It also has been shown to decrease anxiety, which can be a huge factor when it comes to insomnia.

A 2016 study observed a 10-year-old girl with PTSD and insomnia. Pharmaceutical medications were unable to permanently help alleviate her condition, but CBD was able to significantly improve her condition. Whereas she was unable to sleep alone beforehand, she was soon able to sleep in her own room as well as perform better in school.

4 – CBD AND PTSD/ANXIETY

Many people suffer from anxiety, which is an intense feeling of worry or general unease. It often arises due to specified triggers or uncertainty. In some cases, this anxiety can lead to panic attacks or unhealthy and compulsive behavior.

Although anxiety medications work extremely well for some people, many come with several negative side-effects, with some causing further anxiety, depression, or insomnia. If you are taking medication to ease anxiety and it is simultaneously causing insomnia or depression, more issues can quickly surface.

PTSD can have a big effect on anxiety. It takes place after individuals experience a traumatic event such as activity in the military, sexual assault, abuse, or extreme injuries. However, pharmaceutical medications for PTSD are often unable to improve a person’s condition.

Studies have shown positive effects when the patients used CBD as a treatment. One study used the treatment first on animals, then on humans. Both results were successful in treating PTSD and helping patients sleep better and feel less anxious in their day-to-day life.

5 – CBD AND CHRONIC PAIN RELIEF

Chronic pain occurs due to a wide variety of ailments, including arthritis, pain related to cancer, neuropathic pain, and inflammatory pain.

Inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain are two of the most difficult types of chronic pain to treat. As the name suggests, inflammatory pain is a result of swelling stimulating the nerves, which causes soreness and pain. Neuropathic pain, however, takes place when there is damage to the somatosensory nervous system (the nervous system relating to the sensation of touch). The pain may be episodic, continuous, or a mixture of both. It is hard to treat without extensive and strong medications, but even then, the pain can still be intense.

Studies have shown that CBD can inhibit neuropathic pain by reducing inflammation. This is also the case for other types of chronic pain such as arthritis, which can be treated by applying CBD to the skin. Again, the CBD inhibits this pain through its anti-inflammatory properties.

The method CBD uses to relieve pain is through an interaction with receptors found in the immune system and brain. When CBD interacts with these receptors, it can reduce pain and inflammation, both of which can relieve people suffering from chronic pain.

6 – CBD AND TREATMENT OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Not only is CBD non-addictive but, perhaps surprisingly, studies suggest that it can help stop substance abuse.

A 2015 research studied a young male with recreational marijuana addiction. During treatment with CBD, the patient did not use any marijuana, even after his dose was decreased from 24 mg to 18 mg.

Overall, the patient perceived a decrease in his anxiety and an increase in the quality of his sleep. In fact, some CBD researchers believe that CBD may be able to reduce the effects of THC on those addicted to marijuana and other substances.

7 – CBD AND CANCER SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT SIDE-EFFECTS

Both cancer and its treatment can cause extreme pain and discomfort. A study involving a CBD-based mouth spray saw decreased levels of nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy.

There is ongoing research on the benefits of CBD oil for pain relief in cancer patients. The initial findings are promising, since CBD oil seems to be effective in managing cancer symptoms and treatment symptoms. Due to its powerful anti-inflammatory qualities, CBD oil could act as a major pain relief by reducing inflammation. In one study, patients who received CBD supplements experienced far less pain than those without.

Cancer-related pain can occur either due to inflammation or tumors touching and hurting organs; CBD oil could alleviate such pain.

CBD oil is also believed to be effective in treating chemotherapy-related symptoms like nausea and vomiting.

A recent study (Nature, July 2018) also found that combining chemotherapy with CBD inhibited the proliferation rate of cancer cells and tripled the survival rate of mice with pancreatic cancer. A 2013 study found that the same combination of therapies decreased the reproduction of cancer cells, while several other studies have found that this mixture helps repair damaged cells and maintain the balance of healthy cells in the body.

There is plenty of ongoing research on the effects of THC and CBD in actively reducing cancer tumors, with promising initial results. However, as of today, there is no approved drug protocol which includes THC or CBD for cancer treatment.

If you are thinking of trying CBD or THC for cancer-related symptoms, consult with your doctor first as it can impede your treatment.

HOW SAFE IS CBD?

Several companies offer multiple CBD products, including CBD isolate oil, full-spectrum CBD oil, CBD capsules, and CBD gummies. When taken in the right doses, they may have a distinctly positive effect on many health conditions.

However, as with any medication, CBD can also have side-effects, such as nausea or dry mouth. Also, because CBD is effective in the treatment of eating disorders and insomnia, side-effects can include fatigue and appetite changes. Thankfully, CBD’s side-effects are not considered serious, and it is practically impossible to overdose on the cannabinoid or become physically addicted to it.

If you are taking other medications, it’s important to consult with a doctor before taking CBD, as they could have negative interactions. For example, CBD can cause the levels of other medications already in your system to rise, including blood thinners such as Coumadin. And glaucoma patients should avoid CBD, as it can increase intraocular pressure.

It should be stressed that, while hemp and its products are legal in all 50 US states, the FDA does not regulate CBD. Because of this, CBD products cannot be sold as medication, but as health supplements instead. It is advisable to purchase a product from a company that provides third-party lab test results that clearly show the exact content and confirm the presence or absence of harmful chemicals and pesticides.

However, CBD dosage can have a big effect on its effectiveness, as can its quality.

No matter how you choose to take CBD, you need to make sure you have bought it from a trusted source and ask for a Certificate of Analysis. Research has shown that the majority of products in the market have misleading information on their labels. Mislabeled products claim that they contain less than 0.3% of THC but actually contain more. This can make you test positive for THC in drug tests. Other products contain less CBD than they claim.

That is why it is essential to ask for the manufacturer’s COA (Certificate of Analysis) when buying CBD products. It is even better when such tests are handled by a third-party facility, explicitly certified for THC analysis. It is best to buy CBD oil produced from hemp grown by trusted hemp farmers.

This is particularly important, as hemp is used in many countries to clean up the soil by absorbing heavy metals and pesticides from the ground. This produces polluted hemp, which leads to polluted CBD oil. CBD oil from locally grown hemp, produced in qualified laboratories, and tested during the extraction process is the best guarantee that you are buying real CBD oil.

Have you tried CBD for an ailment or condition? Did it work for you? We’d love to hear what you think in the comments!

Via https://onlypure.com/can-cbd-help-me/

source https://onlypure.weebly.com/blog/can-cbd-help-me

[onlypure1]

Can CBD Help me?

The cannabidiol (CBD) industry is currently booming, with many people finding that it may be able to relieve a wide variety of illnesses or everyday inconveniences. This article will explain what CBD is and how it is used, and explore some of the health claims surrounding it.

CBD Defined

How Is Hemp-Based CBD Different to Marijuana?

How Does THC Work?

What Are some Non-Medical Uses of CBD?

Possible Health Benefits of CBD

CBD and Epilepsy

CBD and Eating Disorders

CBD and Insomnia

CBD and PTSD/Anxiety

CBD and Chronic Pain Relief

CBD and Treatment of Substance Abuse

CBD and Cancer Symptoms and Treatment Side-Effects

How Safe Is CBD?

CBD DEFINED

Cannabidiol, or CBD, is the decarboxylated phytocannabinoid of CBDa found in heated cannabis. It was discovered in 1964 and is the second most abundant phytocannabinoid found in cannabis. CBD is one cannabinoid out of more than 100 that can be found in cannabis plants.

Because of CBD’s impact on the body’s endocannabinoid system, it can interact with the body and influence mood, appetite, immune responses, hormones, and sleep.

The legality and classification of CBD depend on the level of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This is the chemical compound that causes the “high” associated with marijuana use; however, THC must be consumed in large amounts for this effect to be felt. Crucially, the level of THC determines whether CBD can be considered hemp or marijuana. According to the 2018 Farm Bill, CBD is legal when it contains under 0.3% of THC.

Up until recently, CBD itself was incorrectly considered the same as THC by both the DEA and FDA. In June of 2018, however, CBD was federally reclassified from a Schedule I to Schedule V drug in the US – the least-restrictive category of drugs. In December of 2018, the 2018 Farm Bill officially reclassified hemp and CBD away from any drug scheduling. This allowed the Department of Agriculture to manage it as a crop. This bill also allowed interstate commerce of hemp and hemp products, including CBD. It also let hemp farmers purchase crop insurance, and opened the door to additional research from pharmaceutical companies.

HOW IS HEMP-BASED CBD DIFFERENT TO MARIJUANA?

Both marijuana and hemp are derived from the cannabis plant and can look pretty similar to the untrained eye. However, there are differences between the two, both from a botanical and a legal point of view.

Firstly, hemp is the most commonly used word for cannabis that contains less than 0.3% THC. When CBD comes from hemp oil, it will contain less than 0.3% THC and, therefore, have no intoxicating effects.

Marijuana, on the other hand, is simply the term for cannabis with a THC level of 0.3% or more – it can sometimes be as high as 30%. CBD derived from marijuana will likely have a THC level above 0.3% and, therefore, be illegal in most of the US.

Another difference is how cannabis plants are cultivated. By growing the plant in a specified environment, farmers can determine whether it will be female (and, therefore, have a high THC content and considered to be marijuana) or male (and, therefore, have a low THC content and considered to be hemp). Growing marijuana requires a lot of control and a high level of attention, while hemp is easier to produce in large amounts.

HOW DOES CBD WORK?

Both CBD and THC are cannabinoids; natural components found in hemp. However, and in contrast to CBD, THC is a psychoactive cannabinoid, i.e. it can cause intoxicating effects.

THC works by binding to two types of receptors in your body’s natural endocannabinoid system: CB1 receptors and CB2 receptors. This binding, especially its binding to CB1, is what causes the “high”.

As CBD mostly affects CB2 receptors instead of CB1, it produces no psychotropic effects, and its effects can be felt immediately.

Any strain containing more than 8% CBD is considered a high CBD strain, as CBD binds to CB2 receptors much quicker and much easier than THC does to CB1 ones.

NON-MEDICAL USES OF CBD

Throughout history, hemp has been used in a multitude of ways (over 50,000, in fact!). This is because it is made up of some of the strongest naturally made fibers in the plant world.

Some of its most common uses include:

TEXTILES, INDUSTRIAL TEXTILES, AND BUILDING MATERIALS

From clothes to diapers, hemp fibers are known to create sturdy textiles. This also includes shoes, bags, denim, and several types of fine fabrics. Even the Mayflower’s sails were made of hemp.

Except for everyday clothing, hemp is also used for items such as rope. Tarps and canvas are often sewn with hemp fibers, as are caulking, netting, and carpeting. Molded items and specially molded parts in the industrial world, as well as fiberboard, fiberglass, and insulation, may also utilize hemp fibers.

Additionally, hemp oil can be used to seal furniture, and can also be found in oil paints and other oil products. It’s also included in varnishes, fuel, and printing ink.

FOOD

A multitude of studies has indicated that hemp has several beneficial properties. Hemp seeds or hemp hearts are high in fat and highly nutritious. Hemp seed oil can also be used as cooking oil.

Hemp is also used in protein powders as a popular method for vegans to ingest the necessary proteins. It is made by grinding the hemp seeds into a powder and ends up with a nutty taste which is perfect for smoothies.

PAPER

Because of their strength, hemp fibers can create strong, high-quality paper. Hemp can also be a useful ingredient in newsprint, special packaging, and cardboard. Even the Declaration of Independence was written on paper made from hemp fibers, as were the best Bibles.

SELF-CARE

Because of its potent anti-inflammatory properties, hemp seed oil (as well as hemp supplements) is often used cosmetically to improve the skin, especially in regards to acne. There are multiple hemp soaps and shampoos on the market today, and hemp can be found in makeup, lotions, lip balms, and other cosmetics.

POSSIBLE HEALTH BENEFITS OF CBD

While CBD has recently been promoted as a panacea, many medical experts caution against the hype often associated with it. The problem is that, after decades of stagnant medical research because of its illegal status, rigorous studies into CBD have only recently started.

Given the fact that, in 2018, 75 studies were being conducted in the US alone, this will surely change in the near future. Until then, most studies already conducted suffer from problems such as small samples, lack of control groups, etc.

Unfortunately, this has led many to completely dismiss CBD’s possible health benefits and the many studies performed on hemp-derived CBD that have helped researchers understand the benefits and effects of CBD extracts and oils.

One of the most comprehensive studies on CBD was conducted in 2017 by the World Health Organization (WHO). They found no public health risks or abuse potential for CBD. The WHO concluded that naturally occurring CBD was safe and well tolerated in humans and animals, and is not associated with any negative public health effects. Specifically, the WHO report found that:

In humans, CBD exhibits no effects indicative of any abuse or dependence potential. CBD has been demonstrated as an effective treatment of epilepsy in several clinical trials, with one pure CBD product (Epidiolex®) currently in Phase III trials. There is also preliminary evidence that CBD may be a useful treatment for a number of other medical conditions.

CBD is generally well tolerated with a good safety profile. Reported adverse effects may be as a result of drug-drug interactions between CBD and patients’ existing medications.

To date, there is no evidence of recreational use of CBD or any public health-related problems associated with the use of pure CBD.

The report included a list of diseases for which CBD may have a therapeutic benefit:

The consensus among the medical community is that:

CBD has strong anti-inflammatory properties. These seem to be most effective when the cannabinoid is used to relieve acne, arthritis, and other painful or uncomfortable conditions.

CBD has potent antibacterial capabilities. Some studies have observed that hemp, along with other fibrous plants, can be utilized to fight against several types of pathogenic bacteria.

Because of these properties, CBD may benefit people with several different conditions, some of which are outlined in further detail below.

1 – CBD AND EPILEPSY

One of the few proven medical benefits of CBD involves syndromes of childhood epilepsy.

As a neurological disorder, epilepsy can cause seizures of varying levels. The episodes can be recurring and sudden and often lead to convulsions, irregular electrical brain activity, fainting, and lack of consciousness. Whereas strokes are defined as disruption or loss of blood circulation taking place in the brain, seizures are neurological and occur when there is an electrical surge in the brain.

Among the several treatments available for epilepsy is Epidiolex; a CBD derivative approved by the FDA in June 2018. Specifically, Epidiolex has been approved for the treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Dravet syndrome for patients 2 years of age and older. Dravet syndrome is triggered when a patient is exposed to high temperatures. Lennox Gastaut syndrome most often causes tonic seizures, which cause an uncontrollable contraction of muscles. Several patients with Lennox Gastaut syndrome often experience either long seizure episodes or a cluster of short ones.

It should be stressed that Epidiolex aims at decreasing both the severity and frequency of seizures; not cure epilepsy.

2 – CBD AND EATING DISORDERS

For many people, eating is an enjoyable experience. For others, it is a source of fear, stress, and anxiety, which can lead to eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia.

Anorexia usually causes a person to feel intense anxiety at the thought of eating, leading to them avoiding food completely. Those with bulimia, on the other hand, will experience an avoidance of food, but will ultimately lose control and eat a huge amount of calories at once. This is then followed by an immediate purge of food.

Both anorexia and bulimia are often caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain and can have serious negative effects on a person’s physical and mental health. Studies suggest that hemp CBD can cause a welcome alteration in the brain’s chemistry, causing a decrease in anxiety and an increase in appetite.

3 – CBD AND INSOMNIA

While insomnia is usually defined as a condition which deprives people of sleep, some people are able to fall asleep but don’t have the ability to stay that way for more than a short period of time.

Those with insomnia experience high levels of fatigue, a decrease in energy, decreased performance and concentration, and/or mood changes and disturbances. Sometimes, insomnia is temporary and occurs at times of high stress and pressure. However, chronic insomnia can occur every day and last several months, or even longer. In some cases, the condition may be due to psychological issues such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), bipolar disorder, or anxiety. External and physical factors such as stress, chronic pain, endocrine issues, allergies, or asthma may also impact a person’s ability to sleep, as can lifestyle choices, such as working irregular hours.

There are several treatments for this condition. Many people will turn to over-the-counter medicines or medical prescriptions. If insomnia is caused by mental issues, individuals will often try therapy. Others, simply learn to change their lifestyles.

Studies indicate that hemp CBD interacts with melatonin and other key receptors in the brain to impact sleep cycles. It also has been shown to decrease anxiety, which can be a huge factor when it comes to insomnia.

A 2016 study observed a 10-year-old girl with PTSD and insomnia. Pharmaceutical medications were unable to permanently help alleviate her condition, but CBD was able to significantly improve her condition. Whereas she was unable to sleep alone beforehand, she was soon able to sleep in her own room as well as perform better in school.

4 – CBD AND PTSD/ANXIETY

Many people suffer from anxiety, which is an intense feeling of worry or general unease. It often arises due to specified triggers or uncertainty. In some cases, this anxiety can lead to panic attacks or unhealthy and compulsive behavior.

Although anxiety medications work extremely well for some people, many come with several negative side-effects, with some causing further anxiety, depression, or insomnia. If you are taking medication to ease anxiety and it is simultaneously causing insomnia or depression, more issues can quickly surface.

PTSD can have a big effect on anxiety. It takes place after individuals experience a traumatic event such as activity in the military, sexual assault, abuse, or extreme injuries. However, pharmaceutical medications for PTSD are often unable to improve a person’s condition.

Studies have shown positive effects when the patients used CBD as a treatment. One study used the treatment first on animals, then on humans. Both results were successful in treating PTSD and helping patients sleep better and feel less anxious in their day-to-day life.

5 – CBD AND CHRONIC PAIN RELIEF

Chronic pain occurs due to a wide variety of ailments, including arthritis, pain related to cancer, neuropathic pain, and inflammatory pain.

Inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain are two of the most difficult types of chronic pain to treat. As the name suggests, inflammatory pain is a result of swelling stimulating the nerves, which causes soreness and pain. Neuropathic pain, however, takes place when there is damage to the somatosensory nervous system (the nervous system relating to the sensation of touch). The pain may be episodic, continuous, or a mixture of both. It is hard to treat without extensive and strong medications, but even then, the pain can still be intense.

Studies have shown that CBD can inhibit neuropathic pain by reducing inflammation. This is also the case for other types of chronic pain such as arthritis, which can be treated by applying CBD to the skin. Again, the CBD inhibits this pain through its anti-inflammatory properties.

The method CBD uses to relieve pain is through an interaction with receptors found in the immune system and brain. When CBD interacts with these receptors, it can reduce pain and inflammation, both of which can relieve people suffering from chronic pain.

6 – CBD AND TREATMENT OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Not only is CBD non-addictive but, perhaps surprisingly, studies suggest that it can help stop substance abuse.

A 2015 research studied a young male with recreational marijuana addiction. During treatment with CBD, the patient did not use any marijuana, even after his dose was decreased from 24 mg to 18 mg.

Overall, the patient perceived a decrease in his anxiety and an increase in the quality of his sleep. In fact, some CBD researchers believe that CBD may be able to reduce the effects of THC on those addicted to marijuana and other substances.

7 – CBD AND CANCER SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT SIDE-EFFECTS

Both cancer and its treatment can cause extreme pain and discomfort. A study involving a CBD-based mouth spray saw decreased levels of nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy.

There is ongoing research on the benefits of CBD oil for pain relief in cancer patients. The initial findings are promising, since CBD oil seems to be effective in managing cancer symptoms and treatment symptoms. Due to its powerful anti-inflammatory qualities, CBD oil could act as a major pain relief by reducing inflammation. In one study, patients who received CBD supplements experienced far less pain than those without.

Cancer-related pain can occur either due to inflammation or tumors touching and hurting organs; CBD oil could alleviate such pain.

CBD oil is also believed to be effective in treating chemotherapy-related symptoms like nausea and vomiting.

A recent study (Nature, July 2018) also found that combining chemotherapy with CBD inhibited the proliferation rate of cancer cells and tripled the survival rate of mice with pancreatic cancer. A 2013 study found that the same combination of therapies decreased the reproduction of cancer cells, while several other studies have found that this mixture helps repair damaged cells and maintain the balance of healthy cells in the body.

There is plenty of ongoing research on the effects of THC and CBD in actively reducing cancer tumors, with promising initial results. However, as of today, there is no approved drug protocol which includes THC or CBD for cancer treatment.

If you are thinking of trying CBD or THC for cancer-related symptoms, consult with your doctor first as it can impede your treatment.

HOW SAFE IS CBD?

Several companies offer multiple CBD products, including CBD isolate oil, full-spectrum CBD oil, CBD capsules, and CBD gummies. When taken in the right doses, they may have a distinctly positive effect on many health conditions.

However, as with any medication, CBD can also have side-effects, such as nausea or dry mouth. Also, because CBD is effective in the treatment of eating disorders and insomnia, side-effects can include fatigue and appetite changes. Thankfully, CBD’s side-effects are not considered serious, and it is practically impossible to overdose on the cannabinoid or become physically addicted to it.

If you are taking other medications, it’s important to consult with a doctor before taking CBD, as they could have negative interactions. For example, CBD can cause the levels of other medications already in your system to rise, including blood thinners such as Coumadin. And glaucoma patients should avoid CBD, as it can increase intraocular pressure.

It should be stressed that, while hemp and its products are legal in all 50 US states, the FDA does not regulate CBD. Because of this, CBD products cannot be sold as medication, but as health supplements instead. It is advisable to purchase a product from a company that provides third-party lab test results that clearly show the exact content and confirm the presence or absence of harmful chemicals and pesticides.

However, CBD dosage can have a big effect on its effectiveness, as can its quality.

No matter how you choose to take CBD, you need to make sure you have bought it from a trusted source and ask for a Certificate of Analysis. Research has shown that the majority of products in the market have misleading information on their labels. Mislabeled products claim that they contain less than 0.3% of THC but actually contain more. This can make you test positive for THC in drug tests. Other products contain less CBD than they claim.

That is why it is essential to ask for the manufacturer’s COA (Certificate of Analysis) when buying CBD products. It is even better when such tests are handled by a third-party facility, explicitly certified for THC analysis. It is best to buy CBD oil produced from hemp grown by trusted hemp farmers.

This is particularly important, as hemp is used in many countries to clean up the soil by absorbing heavy metals and pesticides from the ground. This produces polluted hemp, which leads to polluted CBD oil. CBD oil from locally grown hemp, produced in qualified laboratories, and tested during the extraction process is the best guarantee that you are buying real CBD oil.

Have you tried CBD for an ailment or condition? Did it work for you? We’d love to hear what you think in the comments!

source https://onlypure.com/can-cbd-help-me/

[robwilsonimages]

A Thematic Analysis of Robert Adams’s The New West: Prairie

Robert Wilson

Blog Post 9

17th December 2019

This post will make a necessarily brief analysis of a photo essay in Robert Adams’s ‘The New West’ (1974). The purpose of this entry is to practice applying a photographic analysis methodology to set of images before I apply the same analysis to my own images for my project ‘There is nothing to see here in Scarborough’. I have selected Adams’s work as it informs my own project work in both its content and approach.

The Analysis of Photography

Photographic analysis is problematic. As Langmann and Pick note, ‘The act of looking at and interpreting photographs is profoundly impure.’ (2018, p. 103). However, there are tools available for the viewer, the most famous being Barthes’s punctum and studium in Camera Lucida (1980) which provides a framework for analysing individual photographs from a personal perspective; the punctum in any given photograph is likely to be different for the individual viewer. Alternatively, Shore (2007) creates a paradigm for understanding a photograph as a physical object in The Nature of Photographs. Whilst these are both vital and useful neither Barthes nor Shore provide the researcher with a method for analysing a photographic essay. Langmann and Pick go further still in their description of the difficulties.

‘Interpretations of photographs are multiple and shifting, depending on the researcher’s purpose, perspective and audience, and the chosen interpretive approach.’ (2018, p. 103)

Whilst they note that the individuality of the researcher affects the interpretation (p. 127), they offer several frameworks to aid the scholar in their task. This article uses one of these paradigms: a thematic approach which ‘explores and identifies common themes and threads across entire data sets’ (p. 104). It also takes a contextualist approach where the researcher finds their own meaning in the data but recognises that current social factors affect the interpretation (p. 111).

The New West: Prairie

The New West is a highly regarded monograph of five visual essays by lauded American photographer Robert Adams. The work is not without its challenges. In the introduction John Szarkowski admits that, ‘…some viewers might find it dull’ (Adams, 1974, p. ix). However, he goes on to note that many others may discover ‘nourishment, surprise, instructions, clarification, challenge, and perhaps hope’ (p. ix) in the images. The collection is thoughtful, meditative, and without hyperbole.

At the natural level the images in the book are simple. They show well composed landscapes in the west of America. We see roads, fields, new towns, cities, shops, vehicles, and, in the later plates, people. Beyond this, when viewed at a conventional level, the work tells a story of human settlement, development, and expansion into frontier territory; the geography of The New West is new.

The images are monochrome with the majority taken in harsh, direct light, a technique somewhat unusual in modern landscape photography. This has resulted in images that are most often in a high key eschewing the darkened dramatic skies and deep contrasts that are often seen in monochrome landscape.

There are ten images in the first essay Prairie, and it is the themes of these images that are analysed here at the intrinsic level. As stated above, this is a contextualised analysis (Langmann & Pick, 2018, p. 111). Whilst we analyse and view these photographs through our own particular lens, the world as we understand it affects our judgement on these matters. We examine the two interconnected main themes which arise from analysis of the image data. Despite being first published in 1974, these critical themes appear even more relevant today than upon first publication.

 Theme One: The Vastness, Inhospitality, and Endurance of Nature

Robert Adams – Farm road and cottonwood. South of Raymer, 1974

In six of the images the viewer looks directly across the prairies. In all but one of these images nothing is included to curtail the endlessness. The other image, Along Interstate 25, terminates in distant mountains, so far away as to be barely visible in the harsh light of the day.

Much of the land appears to be empty. Not a single human is visible in any of the images from Prairie. The land is not inviting. Adams states that ‘The outlying plains are still verdant, with ranges of grass to scan, and infrequent but lovely trees by which to measure spaces.’ (p. 3). Yet, this loveliness is not evidenced by the pictures themselves. No hint is given to the colour of the landscape under the midday light.

This use of repetition and redundancy here is significant. Adams stresses and wants us to understand that this is an enduring, tough environment where nothing appears hospitable.

Robert Adams – Pikes Peak, Colorado Springs, and the highway from the prairie, 1974

Even the urban areas, which appear in the final two images of the essay, appear to be there under the sufferance of nature. The sublime mountains loom above informing the viewer that the town is subordinate. This sufferance is illustrated effectively by another image entitled Along Interstate 25. This picture shows the banks of a highway fenced at the top with growing foliage reclaiming the ground. No matter what we build here, the plants return. Our presence is impermanent.

Nature here is vast and unwelcoming.

Theme Two: Human Encroachment

The other critical theme that emerges from the image data is one of human encroachment. As we noted above, there is no person visible in any of the images. Yet, human presence is a consistent factor throughout the essay. We may be physically absent, but our impact is not.  

Robert Adams – Along interstate 25, 1974

Along interstate 25 features the almost endless prairie that we discussed above, but our impact is unmistakeable. Telegraph lines and poles slice through the sky, and in the front right of the image is one of the ultimate symbols of the invading human, a for-sale sign.

However, the impact of humanity is shown most starkly and in the most shocking detail in an image entitled On Interstate 25 which shows an animal, perhaps a rabbit as roadkill.

Robert Adams – On Interstate 25, 1974

There can be no mistaking the impact of humanity in this image. We did this. Our intrusion caused the death of this animal.

When viewed at an intrinsic level, Adams presents and plays off against each other a powerful contrast in the two themes: nature endures yet it is threated by human expansion.  Human presence in Prairie is an ugly one. This is unmistakeable. The human settlements featured in the essay are blights on the landscape. The other signs of our encroachment show damage or hint at further destruction. When viewed in the context of our human population explosion and the climate crisis, his essay points a finger and challenges us to consider our impact on the landscape.

Conclusion

This article has attempted a thematic analysis of the essay Prairie which features in The New West. It has, because of necessary brevity, only focused on the two most striking themes that emerge from the images. This process of analysis has proved to be both useful and insightful. It should enable the application of a more detailed and thorough future analysis for the project There is nothing to see here in Scarborough.

  References  

Adams, R. (1974). The New  West. 1st ed. s.l.:The Colorado Associated University Press.

Barthes, R. (1980). Camera Lucida. 2010 ed.  New York: Hill and Wang.

Langmann, S. & Pick, D. (2018). Photography as  a Social Research Method. 1st ed. Singapore: Springer Nature.

Shore, S. (2007). The Nature of Photographs. 2nd  ed. London: Phaidon.

[glopratchet]

Little Sin

In the world to come there is little sin. You have a new life, a new family and you are free. There are just lots of american alligators. After the election of the first ungendered president, the prediatrain movement caught fire in america. Since then most of the metaworkers involved in the project went private and made their fortunes selling to companies who were more intersted in financial gains than induction. Of coarse the metaworkers had been doing it for so long most just didn't need the money and had continued striving to make humans as perfect as possible themselves. Now only the poor have babies the traditional way and they are rarely more than 20% of any given populations usable babies. The demand for american alligator meat skyrocketed after a plague years ago and it became economic sense to breed them in captivity, who knew they stacked so well? Vats after vats of gator esscence sloshing about growing legs and then bodies then slaughtered and processed. Mostly it is a paradise, efficient, structured, specialized. Sadly your specialization did not prove to be highly valued. Who need classics when the old world is gone? Whorals where burned to ash while polled hereford heifors fetched over a billion dollars a head in auction. Your old farmhouse now an airport, your father would have been horrified, of course he was blown to ash scattering over a freeway while you mother's skeleton was proudly put on display in a metaworks museum. The old world REALLY is gone. You worked hard and got your primary education certificate then just as hard to get your secondary equivalent. You spent eight years studying in the library for your humanities and Social Science papers and got a two 2.1s and a 3. Googizon won the bid to construct for the military the most forward thinking alligator farm in existance so far and with your resumé you were head hunted to run it. You work in a half submerged glass an metal building sitting atop 523 alligators who are kept just wake enough through biog gas injection to allow them to shut their eyes without spilling out the layer of meat skewered on huge needles that run from their spinal cords into the machinery. It currently floats near the okeenokee snow swamp. You are so far from the old world it's not even funny. Sure on the T.V. they still talk about sports and throw around polotics but outside the farm all you can see for miles are trees, birds and insects and the odd alligator basking on a sunny 'beach'. Of course the building is still less then half a mile from a military base on an army enforced conservation area so humans can't wander and wipe out all the game for miles.... This is not that story. You have work to do We are primal ponds inc. we specialise in ultra farm husbandry. At the push of a button our gators from young to full grown can instantly become fashion jackets, leather coats, belts...even shoes and bags. We are pushing so many units every day we have sent reps to try and break into the japanese market, so far they haven't called back. A small mom and pop alligator farm attemping to make it. Last week our oldest gator surpass Cochon gate's world record of 880 years. The sun beats down on your farms back glass panels as you watch the thousands of beasts basking sleepily below. You snap a couple of photos with your phone and beam them over to your reps hoping they call you back soon. We need you to make deliveries for us. We have bought, rigged and updated an old freight submarine for you and set you up with a small crew, you just need to tell us where to drop off the goods. Please...we're dying here... On the rhelm of your glass office a pen floats near you. Point of view of the player: Hey, take a minute and think about where you want to go. I'm letting you choose the next sector of this adventure, with four options: theMilitary Side, Economics Side, Terrorism Side or Criminal Side... A delivery champion here is like no other: we have control over the world's only sentient beasts of burden (gators) incentive based economics that allouw us to sell our leather above price-cost, kick-back free operating licenses and few enough regulations that you can get amazing stuff done for you with a couple of well-placed bribes. Pick up the pen and choose your destiny The criminal side sounds fun: trillions of people live outside and inside the law why shouldn't we? He had a secert life as billy fea fbots biggest drug lord all along! And one more thing... It turns out no one has made a crappy real time virtual reality game based on your life and experiences yet and against all attact you have decided to give it a go.... Dedicated to delivering dragon tail in the far, far, future. Maybe that needs to change... Made by two guys on a coffee machine some sleepy afternoons...mayhaps...it's rubbish... We proudly introduce today the glamorous fallout: an adventure in the post-apocalypse and the two men who made it: bruce and ed. Glug, glug...any questions? Alligator delivery service. The story of a normal life in the post-apazaki...noh... The alligator farm where the gator are delivered is currently under a series of construction tasks. Temporary staff will used while these works last. Already we own over four over ten foot alligators including rex lex, the old female godzilla and lesi mellnick, the huge male dominant of our breeding group. We place breed these four as soon and they reach sexual maturity. We also own thirty-six smaller animals, mostly six to seven foot males and females. A massive 14 foot beast. Not nice. Bred for fights but joined our force with strange reluctance when he could do nothing against our huge alpha male. He's actually a right little so and so, never helps the keepers move any of the large trees in our scrapes.... So, we have delivered one alligator from the breeding farm to an area in florida where our electronics arm opened a new factory recently. This factory is currently attempting to recuperate from a bombing and so insurance fraud seems the most reasonable option. The factory is seeded with several obviously fake bomb scares. While this sucks for the factory work as they all have to stop working, many refuse to even enter thir building, others leave by afternoon. We plan to target the wood workers. (alves and winklehaus.....and thunder? A small safe has gone missing and we believe our bomber has probably taken it. he has clearly stolen large sums of money in the past as a means of terrorise his local communities as whenever something is stolen a new threat will appear the next day from ed or one of his fellow crack extortionists so we don't expect public interest into this theft for at least a couple weeks. At two pm on the dot bruce and ed! will enter the building wearing all black. This is when they plant the bomb that they have created in our secret base under a community centre... my brother and me got our name because ed regarded us as two like his brothers. I'm the quiet one and the brother who just does what I'm told. bruce has called ed a right character and I can't altogether dispute it. With me is greg, a new member of our team and an aspiring stand up comedian! Said he killed someone once but I'm not sure I believe that.... I finallly arrive at the building site where our two crack undercover agents are waiting. There were no actual bomb threats but daft people are still refusing to work. Ed hasn't responded to my last message so I assume that the pair of them are happily seeding the factory. We snuck in earlier, hammering boards over the glass walls to the offices at the top of the factory to avoid breaking in after hours. While at the front we pretend to be a work crew extending a main road so no one will questions us creeping about the 'closed' factory.We wander around the dark building looking for the seemingly empty offices on the top floor and come across a man trying to stuff armfuls of fabric printer paper in his sports bag. He is shocked to see us as much as we are him. The gulity man whirls around as we enter , dropping his bag in the doorway. "Hey we can help you there," I say , not knowing what else to say. 'I...um...thanks... ' he answers, patting down his pockets looking for his keys. I pick up the bag and find the keys in the first pocket I try. How about that? I hand them over and he looks at me with clear recognition in his eyes. He had obviously seen my photo in Newsweek. He must have though this was some kind of trap. So, he didn't come here to steal but to destroy the documents? Well these papers seemed pretty regular, all printer paper and cheap fabric....but then they don't exactly make a good quality paper especially not out here for convenience. Why would the guy go to the trouble of destroying these anyway? "Thank you...are you sure you can handle that?" He asks, nervously smiling at me. I'm quite big remember to add. There are two respectable fathers with me afterall. "Yeah why wouldn't we be?" I respond with a faint smile, but my smile is weak and unrealistic so as not to scare the man. I look at my brother who clearly doesn't react much to these kind of situations....or any situations really. "Right...well, you can just toss it over there." He points to a bare corner of a room behind us with his keys still in hand. 'Then um...thanks a lot....goodbye....' We shuffle towards the corner at first then I get the sense that something is not right with this guy. it may be the fact that he still isn't leaving or the nervous sweat pertruding from his forehead. We play air hockey for a second, me shuffling my feet to face him then him shuffling his feet to face me. He keeps his keys held tightly in his hands like some kind of knife. It dawns on me later that I should have grabbed them anyway. What happened after this I still cannot quite recall in exact detail... "Come on guys,.... can you let me go now? Please?", he says heading to the exit, greg mutters to him to just leave but I find myself obnixious and unpredictable as ever. Maybe he could shed some light on this situation? What was he doing with all these non work related papers anyway? Why destroy them in a hurry? It seemed pretty odd to me. I wait for him to take a few steps forward before I speak up from behind. "At least tell us how you make your paper seem so authentic." I like to lob questions like this at recent university grads whenever I can. It's part of human nature to talk about yourself and it also gives us insight into the security of new moneymakers. I had completely forgotten that some of men out there were not security at all but common criminals looking to rip off new businesses like ours so that they wont be such easy pickins later. I wasn't prepared for the booster to pull a 2x4 with screws sticking out of it out of his bag as he whirls on me with unnatural speed. If I had to fight him eye to eye my life would have been quickly terminated. Since I didn't expect the hostile response however, I had enough time to duck and cover inside the cramped bathroom . With it's cheap lock, I was ensured my safety.....or so I thought.Tip: If you're logged in, your games are auto saved for you. You can find them by clicking "My Stuff" on the sidebar menu.Story

[theherblifeblog]

Spotlight Series: Mary Jane Gibson

Actress, writer and former lifestyle, entertainment and culture editor at High Times, Mary Jane Gibson is a force in the emerging cannabis industry. Her projects and interviews have earned her the title “one of the 15 most powerful women in the weed industry” by Complex Magazine.

You can catch her and co-host Mike Glazer on the top rated Weed+Grub podcast sharing laughs and stories from their insane lives, and interviewing fascinating guests from all walks of life.

Connect with her on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook.

How did you get involved in the cannabis industry?

I was working as a writer and performer in New York and met the managing editor of High Times magazine at a party. She offered me part-time work as a copy editor, and from there I worked my way up to writing assignments. I was offered a full-time editorial position at High Times in 2014, and moved to Los Angeles in 2016 to help open the West Coast office. I left HT in 2018 to pursue other opportunities, and now write for several outlets, plus I record and produce Weed+Grub, the podcast that I co-host with comedian Mike Glazer—it’s my absolute favorite thing.

Tell us a little bit about your product or service

My co-host Mike Glazer and I smoke, snack and swap tales about cannabis, comedy, sex, cooking, pop culture—basically everything you already love. Weed+Grub is a free-flowing conversation between two great friends sharing laughs and stories from our insane lives, with fascinating guests from all kinds of backgrounds. We’ve interviewed Jim Belushi, Tommy Chong, trans icon Buck Angel, cannabis activist Amy Margolis, NYTimes bestselling cookbook authors Thug Kitchen, System of a Down’s Shavo Odadjian, and many more. We also have a Spotlight Series where we highlight brands and companies working to make the world a better place. Find Weed+Grub everywhere you get your podcasts—light a joint, grab a bite and come along!

What time does your day typically start and what does a normal day look like to you?

I’m a night owl, not an early-morning person, so I generally don’t get going until 9am. My cat Bobo usually howls at me to get up and feed him, so I don’t need to set an alarm. I make coffee and walk my dog Archie, and then I settle in at my desk for the day. Mike and I started a production company called Big Fat Content, and we have several projects in the works in addition to Weed+Grub. We drop two episodes of the podcast every week, on Mondays and Wednesdays, so we have a lot of recording and editing to do. And I’m usually working on at least two articles for publication—I write for several outlets including DOPE Magazine, Weedmaps, Leafly, Civilized and Rolling Stone. I try to wind down computer work by 6:30 or so and get out to enjoy an evening walk with Archie. Then I’ll come home and cook dinner—Mike and I are developing recipes for a Weed+Grub cookbook right now, so I have a lot of fun getting pleasantly baked and figuring out new dishes, usually while listening to a favorite podcast like My Favorite Murder. I love hanging in the kitchen and then eating on my patio under the stars.

What is your vision for your company going forward?

At this time next year, I’d like our production company Big Fat Content to have three shows on the air and two in production, in addition to creating content for cannabis brands and companies. Weed+Grub will continue to grow—we’ll travel all over the US and Canada, to Spain and beyond, documenting cannabis, cuisine, and culture around the world.

What would an ideal post-prohibition society look like to you?

Safe and fair access to cannabis for all. All records for non-violent drug offenses expunged. Social equity programs offering assistance to people whose lives have been ruined by the War on Drugs. Cannabis research and clinical trials. Public school education programs teaching the next generation about cannabis. Corporations that profit from legal cannabis donating a large portion of their proceeds to arts funding. Interstate and international cannabis trade, just as we have with wine, so everyone around the world can taste glorious California weed. The right for everyone to grow their own. And lots of dinner parties with great friends enjoying the herb together.

What was your first experience with cannabis like?

It was hash, rolled in a spliff. Growing up in Newfoundland, we didn’t have much access to weed—if you could get a gram of hash, that was fantastic. I still love the smell of tobacco and hash, mixed with a little Nag Champa. That’s the scent of my teenage years. I remember getting stoned at a friend’s house during a snowstorm, listening to Copper Blue by Sugar, and watching the snow drift across the St. John’s harbor like swirls of plankton. It was magical.

Tell us about some of the challenges you face working in the cannabis industry

As the landscape shifts and evolves, there’s a lot of jockeying for position. The industry is uncertain, and wildly exciting—it’s still illegal under federal law but 11 states have passed adult-use consumption laws. How bizarre is that?! Companies can flourish and fail in a matter of months. I’m positioned as a chronicler of the industry, both as a writer and with Weed+Grub, so I haven’t been affected by ever-changing rules and regulations, but I certainly see friends and colleagues fighting to navigate this new frontier of legal cannabis.

What are some solutions you've found?

Weed+Grub is working to destigmatize and normalize cannabis—and we try to hold everyone accountable for the role they’re playing in this new landscape. Is it fair that former Speaker of the House John Boehner is profiting from legal cannabis while people are suffering in prison for non-violent drug offenses? No—and it’s everyone’s job to call out hypocrisy and ensure that this burgeoning industry is fair to everyone, not just wealthy white people. We talk a lot about that—and we also have a great time fighting about whether milk chocolate is better than dark (it is). It’s that combo of fun and real info that people tune in to hear.

What is one thing you wish everyone knew about cannabis? 

That, even if it’s not for you, it’s helped someone you know. Whether or not you consume cannabis, you should never judge anyone who does—you should be an ally for cannabis consumers to have safe and fair access, whether it’s as medicine or a safer alternative to a glass of wine at night. Don’t judge.

What is one thing you wish everyone knew about your product or service?

I hope that anyone checking us out for the first time listens to a few different episodes—because, while we get baked and silly, we also tell important stories and speak to fascinating people from all walks of life about heavy-hitting subjects. We have fun in order to reach the most people with our message: cannabis is normal and cool, however, you’re choosing to use it.

If you could go back in time and do it all over again, what (if anything) would you do differently?

I’d stand up faster and harder to the few people who questioned my ability to contribute to the cultural conversation. Don’t ever doubt your own worth. Otherwise, zero regrets—apart from not hitting that blunt when Wiz Khalifa handed it to me at a High Times cover shoot.

What is your favorite way to consume cannabis?

Tincture before a hike. Smoking a joint with friends. A low-dose edible before bed.

Concentrate or flower? Why? 

Flower, because my tolerance is low and I only need a little bit to get that perfect lift. I did a dab at a dinner party on a ranch in Malibu once and it was one of the greatest experiences of my life, but on the daily, I dig a sweet hybrid pre-roll from Lowell Farms or a little nug of homegrown in my Summerland apple pipe. I also really like the new cannabis oil vape from Lowell.

Do you think cannabis legalization will change the world for the better? Why? 

I really want to say “no duh, of course it will,” but it’s serious. Yes, cannabis legalization will change the world for the better. When people are no longer going to jail, losing their families, when cannabis is available as much-needed medicine to anyone who needs it, when the world can breathe a collective sigh of relief because the plant is free, we’ll all be much better for it. If you don’t like cannabis, take another look at it and examine your prejudices. And at the very least, educate yourself on why it’s illegal in the first place—because of racism and fear. We need to liberate the leaf for a better world.

What advice would you offer to another woman who is looking to get into the industry?

Join NORML. Get involved with local meetups. Educate yourself on the history of the War on Drugs and why cannabis is illegal in the first place so you can be an effective advocate for legalization. Make friends who love cannabis as much as you do, and organize salons with them. Start from a place of education and inspiration, and the rest will flow.

[jakehglover]

Raw Milk Farmers Are Going to Prison

By Dr. Mercola

In Canada, it’s illegal to sell or give away raw milk, a law that’s enforced in many provinces. In Ontario, distributing raw milk was long considered to be a regulatory offense punishable by fines, but as of January 2018 an order issued by Ontario’s Superior Court changed that. Now, anyone who distributes or sells raw milk in the area can face years in prison.

As Karen Selick, litigation director for the Canadian Constitution Foundation, wrote in the Financial Post, “[T]he province of Ontario appears eager to fill its empty jail cells with individuals whose so-called crime was distributing raw milk.”1 The injunction was part of Downing v. ARC, a legal case between Gavin Downing, Ontario’s milk director, and ARC, a farm co-op owned by Canadian raw milk farmer Michael Schmidt that was distributing raw milk to its members.

According to A Campaign for Real Milk, a project of the Weston A. Price Foundation, “In Ontario, farmers may be fined $250,000 and sentenced to three years in jail [for selling or distributing raw milk] … Challenges to these laws are now underway. And in spite of onerous penalties, Michael and Dorothea Schmidt of Glencolton Farms provide milk to cow shareholders in Toronto.”2

Canadian Government Battles Raw Milk Farmers Providing Wholesome Food

Schmidt has been battling with the Canadian government for decades in order to provide safe raw milk to area residents. He has been harassed with threats, surveillance, intimidation and raids, even though no one has ever gotten sick from drinking the raw milk products he provides. Since it is illegal to sell raw milk in Canada, those who wanted to enjoy Schmidt’s raw milk products formed the Glencolton farm-share, in which each owned a piece of a cow and could therefore legally enjoy its milk.

The government eradicated this loophole, however, so the shareholders moved to own the farm instead of just the cow, by transforming into the ARC co-op. The government still intervened, however, forcing the members to “operate with caution” out of fear that they might be raided while trying to pick up a gallon of milk. Although members have tried to set up meetings with government officials to outline their concerns and reach an agreeable conclusion, the government has not been interested.3

In 2011, Schmidt even went on a 37-day hunger strike, which ended with him meeting former Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty, although no progress was ultimately made. Selick, who was Schmidt’s lawyer from 2010 to 2013, explained that the injunction handed down in 2018 is being appealed and a constitutional challenge has been launched seeking to overrule the “outdated” legislation, adding:4

“[O]ver the 24 years that Ontario has been prosecuting Schmidt, the number of U.S. states that have enacted laws allowing consumers to access raw milk has risen from 26 to 42. Canada is the only G-7 country that completely prohibits the distribution and sale of raw milk, through both federal and provincial laws. In many European countries, raw milk is sold in vending machines. Italy alone has about 1,300 such machines.

Do all these foreign governments care less about their people than Canadian governments do? Or do they simply recognize that raw milk really isn’t very risky compared to all kinds of stuff that people consume legally every day? Canadian kids make an alarming number of trips to the hospital emergency room every year (and occasionally die) due to choking on hard candies or balloons, but we don’t outlaw those.”

Violating the Constitutional Right to Access Raw Milk

Elisa Vander Hout, who is married to Schmidt, believes the Ontario injunction violates their constitutional right to access raw milk and has, along with other co-op members, filed a motion to have the injunction stayed.

For now, they have stopped distributing the milk in order to avoid criminal charges, feeding the wholesome food to pigs and chickens instead of handing it out to co-op members.5 It’s a similar story in the U.S., where efforts continue to expand access to raw milk — the only food banned from interstate commerce — and, in so doing, protect people’s right to eat and drink what they please.

You might remember that at one time all milk was “raw,” as pasteurization did not yet exist. This 19th-century invention is touted as crucial in making milk safe, but what it’s actually done is allow for the proliferation of the “dirty dairy” industry, aka milk that comes from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOS). The Tenth Amendment Center is one of the latest NGOs to get involved in the raw milk legalization cause. The 10th Amendment reads:6

“The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”

What this means, then, is that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is in violation of the Constitution by trying to enforce raw milk bans within states. Such bans tend to favor industrial dairy at the expense of small, family farms, according to Mike Maharrey, national communications director for the Tenth Amendment Center. He said in a position paper:7

“Constitutionally, food safety falls within the powers reserved to the states and the people … The feds have no authority to enforce food safety laws within the border of a state. Nevertheless, federal agencies still want more control over America’s food supply, and they go great lengths to get it.

For example, the FDA bans the interstate sale of raw milk. But, not only do they ban the transportation of raw milk across state lines, they also claim the authority to ban unpasteurized milk within the borders of a state.

FDA ultimately wants to maintain a complete prohibition on raw milk with a one-size-fits-all control over everything you eat and drink. While FDA apologists claim the agency only wants to protect consumers, in truth, federal regulations tend to benefit big companies and squeeze out family farms. In the name of safety, FDA regulations limit your ability to access local, fresh food.”

Keeping Raw Milk Illegal Allows Dirty CAFOs to Flourish

On CAFOs, milk can be produced in filthy conditions, then heated until all the pathogens are gone. Never mind that, along with killing “germs,” pasteurization kills off beneficial organisms in the milk and prevents natural souring (while naturally soured milk can still be consumed, pasteurized milk past its prime will quickly go bad).8

Rather than forcing dirty and dangerous CAFOs to clean up their acts, the FDA has waged a war against raw milk producers — those who are typically producing milk using far healthier, more humane and more sustainable methods than the industrial dairy industry ever could.

As CAFOs became the norm for dairy farms (even in idyllic-seeming dairy states like Vermont), farmers were forced to grow their herds and increase milk production using artificial (drug and hormone-based) methods, among others (like feeding cows an unnatural amount of grain-based food, 24-hour confinement and increased number of milkings per day).

The price of milk has gone so low that an average-sized dairy farm in Vermont (about 125 cows) may operate at a loss of $100,000 a year.9 According to the Organic Consumers Association (OCA), meanwhile:10

“Dairy farmers are suffering because the companies that send their milk to the grocery store refuse to pay them what it costs them to produce the milk. On the West Coast, cooperatives created to sell dairy products have been accused by their members of pocketing millions of dollars in an elaborate accounting scheme.

Meanwhile, farmers in the Northeast have filed a lawsuit against their co-op, Dairy Farmers of America, and Dean Foods, the nation’s largest milk processor, alleging the companies conspired to monopolize the market and drive down prices, knowing their member farmers would have nowhere else to sell their milk.

Milk prices are so bad this year — farmers are getting the same price they got 20 years ago — that at least one milk processor sent farmers phone numbers for suicide prevention hotlines and other mental health services along with the latest market forecasts.”

Only about 3 percent of Americans regularly consume raw milk, but OCA states this could offer a major push to rural economies. In fact, if 100 farms in Wisconsin could provide raw milk to 50 local families, it would lead to more than $10 million in “increased wealth and well-being” for Wisconsin residents.11

OCA further noted, “A boost like that is exactly what rural economies need as U.S. dairy farmers continue going out of business at an unsustainable rate. In 1950, there were about 3.5 million farms with milking cows. By 2016, there were only 41,809. Between 2015 and 2016, 1725 dairy farms went under.”12

Meanwhile, 48 Million Americans Sickened by CAFO Meat

The irony of federal agents conducting raids on small raw milk farmers becomes all the more apparent when you learn that, each year, 48 million Americans, or nearly 15 percent of the population, are sickened by foodborne illness in the U.S., compared to 1.5 percent of the U.K. population.13 Meanwhile, 128,000 Americans are hospitalized, and 3,000 die, from foodborne disease.

A joint investigation by the Bureau of Investigative Journalism (TBIJ) and The Guardian further noted “shocking” and “deeply worrying” hygiene failings at 47 U.S. meat plants that could flood the market with “dirty meat.” Data stemming from 13 red meat and poultry plants over a two-year period revealed more than 150 violations a week, totaling 15,000 violations in all. Incidents included:14

Condemned, diseased poultry stored in containers used for edible food products

Floor drains blocked by meat and debris, leading to floods of dirty water

Meat intended for the human food chain that was contaminated with fecal matter and pus

Chicken contaminated with feces or dropped on the floor, rinsed with a chlorine solution and put back into production

Pig carcasses contaminated with grease, blood and dirt due to falling on the floor

There were likely far more violations that went undetected as well. When The Guardian interviewed meat hygiene inspectors, they agreed that violations could inevitably slip through the cracks due to the fast line speeds.

The findings are worrying, to put it mildly, as professor Erik Millstone, a food safety expert at Sussex University, told The Guardian, “ … because of the risks of spreading infectious pathogens from carcass to carcass, and between portions of meat. The rates at which outbreaks of infectious food poisoning occur in the U.S. are significantly higher than in the U.K., or the EU, and poor hygiene in the meat supply chain is [a] leading cause of food poisoning in the U.S..”15

Raw Milk Targeted While Contaminated CAFO Meat Is Subsidized

At Pilgrim’s Pride, a poultry giant that processes 34 million chickens a week, noncompliance reports detail an average of nearly 1,500 regulatory violations a month at 24 plants, spanning a 25-month period, The Guardian investigation revealed:16

“An inspector discovered ‘carcasses of poultry showing evidence of septicemic disease ... carcasses showing evidence of having died from other causes than slaughter ... guts of carcasses, [and] poultry carcasses with heads attached.’ He requested that the condemned items be removed. A similar incident was recorded some days later.”

Poultry CAFOS are among the worst offenders when it comes to foodborne illness (although pork and red meat CAFOs also revealed numerous violations). Case in point, in April 2017, the CDC released a preliminary report stating that 8,547 cases of the more than 24,000 foodborne infections reported in 2016 were caused by campylobacter (compared to 8,172 caused by salmonella).17

It’s likely not a coincidence that these two bugs are then singled out as major drivers of outbreaks related to unpasteurized dairy. The CDC report noted, “ … [O]utbreak-related illnesses will increase steadily as unpasteurized dairy consumption grows, likely driven largely by salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis.”18 It seems strange to peg campylobacter as a “raw milk germ,” when it’s regularly detected on CAFO chicken sold in U.S. supermarkets.

According to the CDC, “Campylobacter was found on 47 percent of raw chicken samples bought in grocery stores and tested through the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS).”19 The CDC also states:20

“Most cases of campylobacteriosis are associated with eating raw or undercooked poultry meat or from cross-contamination of other foods by these items … Even one drop of juice from raw chicken meat can have enough campylobacter in it to infect a person! One way to become infected is to cut poultry meat on a cutting board, and then use the unwashed cutting board or utensil to prepare vegetables or other raw or lightly cooked foods.”

Also revealing, while campylobacter is the bacteria responsible for most cases of foodborne illness, leafy greens are actually the No. 1 source of food poisoning in the U.S, accounting for nearly half of all illnesses.21 Why, then, is raw dairy considered worthy of banning while the CAFO model is subsidized?

Tips for Finding High-Quality Raw Milk

Raw dairy farmers have been put out of business for mere suspicion of contamination. Even in the absence of a complaint of contamination, farmers and consumers are often harassed over the buying and selling of raw milk. In contrast, Blue Bell Creamery — the third-largest ice cream maker in the U.S. whose ice cream sickened 10 people with listeria, three of whom died as a result, in 2015, was fined just $175,000 for the incident.22

Ultimately, the choice of what to eat should belong to the individual consumer, not the state or federal government. If the FDA and other government agencies are allowed to impose their view of "safe food" on consumers, raw milk won't be the only thing lost — one day virtually all food could be pasteurized, irradiated and/or genetically engineered.

And remember that quality matters. No matter what food you’re in search of, choosing food that comes from small regenerative farms — not CAFOs — is crucial. If you’re interested in raw milk, here are tips for finding high-quality raw milk sources:

Does the farmer and his entire family drink the milk themselves?

Does the farmer test his milk for pathogens, and can he prove that his product has a low pathogenic population?

Are the cows fed with natural grass on a pasture? If not, what are they feeding the cows?

How long has the farmer been in business producing raw milk?

What conditions are the cows raised in? Do they look healthy?

Is the farm accredited with sanitation standards? In a related note, does the farm have a history of sanitation problems?

Is the milk quickly chilled after collecting?

Are cows given antibiotics and growth hormones? (Remember, organic standards do not allow this practice.)

from HealthyLife via Jake Glover on Inoreader https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2018/03/20/farmers-jail-time-selling-distributing-raw-milk.aspx

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Family Farms Attacked While Criminal CAFOs Protected Dr. Mercola By Dr. Mercola Few would argue that an FBI raid on two small farm animal sanctuaries — in search of two piglets named Lucy and Ethel — makes good use of the U.S. Department of Justice's time or money. But when you learn the backstory — that the pigs were found near death at Circle Four Farm in Utah, which is owned by the world's largest pork producer, Smithfield Foods, and brought to a sanctuary to recover — the raid seems not only nonsensical but also barbaric.1 It’s the latest demonstration of intimidation by the federal government against those who dare speak out against industrial agriculture. Animal rights group Direct Action Everywhere (DxE) was behind the undercover rescue, which also involved filming the deplorable conditions at the concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO), as Circle Four “Farm” is not a farm by most people’s definition of the word. Instead, it’s a CAFO where more than 1 million pigs are slaughtered every year, and a prime example of all that is wrong with modern-day livestock rearing. What is both incredulous and sad is that, rather than call out the cruel and public health-endangering practices at these CAFOs, the U.S. government goes to great lengths to protect and conceal them. In a comprehensive expose on the case, The Intercept wrote:2 "The Justice Department's grave attention to a case of two missing piglets reflects how vigilantly the U.S. government uses extreme measures to protect the agricultural industry — not from unjust economic loss, violent crime, or theft, but from political embarrassment and accurate reporting that damages the industry's reputation." FBI Agents Actually Raided Animal Sanctuaries, Traumatizing the Volunteers and Animals Armed with search warrants and bulletproof vests, FBI agents stormed Ching Farm Rescue in Riverton, Utah, and Luvin Arms in Erie, Colorado, in search of the two piglets rescued by DxE. "Under normal circumstances, a large industrial farming company such as Smithfield Foods would never notice that two sick piglets of the millions it breeds and then slaughters were missing. Nor would they care: A sick and dying piglet has no commercial value to them," The Intercept reported.3 Indeed. Yet, they came in and took a DNA sample of one small piglet by cutting off nearly 2 inches of her ear. The Intercept described the disturbing scene:4 "The piglet's pain was so severe, and her screams so piercing, that the sanctuary's staff members screamed and cried. Even the FBI agents were so sufficiently disturbed by the resulting trauma, that they directed the veterinarians not to subject the second piglet to the procedure. The sanctuary representative recounted that the piglet who had part of her ear removed spent weeks depressed and scared, barely moving or eating, and still has not fully recovered." It's thought that the FBI's involvement in the case goes even deeper than this. Some of the sanctuary volunteers were questioned by FBI agents in their homes, even though the sanctuaries were not involved in the rescue, and later were informed of a "complaint" that they lacked required legal licenses. The animal rights activists also believe they're under surveillance, with their private communications being monitored, all in a show of force to deter anyone from trying to expose what's really going on behind the closed doors of CAFOs. This case in particular was likely taken up by the FBI because it received a good amount of media attention, especially after The New York Times wrote about the rescue in July 2017. They also featured a virtual reality experience that's been created to allow people to get a glimpse into the inhumane reality of CAFOs.5 As The Intercept put it:6 "What has vested these two piglets with such importance to the FBI is that their rescue is now part of what has become an increasingly visible public campaign by DxE and other activists to highlight the barbaric suffering and abuse that animals endure on farms like Circle Four. Obviously, the FBI and Smithfield — the nation's largest industrial farm corporation — don't really care about the missing piglets they are searching for. What they care about is the efficacy of a political campaign intent on showing the public how animals are abused at factory farms, and they are determined to intimidate those responsible. Deterring such campaigns and intimidating the activists behind them is, manifestly, the only goal here." Gestation Crates Still Used Despite Promises to the Contrary Gestation crates are 2-feet-wide cages where breeding pigs spend nearly their entire lives, unable to even turn around. Commonly used on CAFOs, the crates are the definition of inhumane and cause severe stress to the animals, who in some cases will resort to chewing the bars of the cages incessantly, causing them to become covered in blood. It was in gestation crates, by the way, that the activists found the near-dead piglets, surrounded by others that had already died. While several U.S. pork producers, including Smithfield, Cargill and Hormel, have pledged to phase the crates out, and fast-food chains including McDonald’s, Burger King, Wendy’s and Subway have promised to stop buying from pork producers who use them, the practice remains widespread in the U.S. Europe, however, banned gestation crates entirely in 2012, as did Canada in 2014. In the U.S., only nine states (those without many CAFOs) have banned gestation crates. While Smithfield said they would transition from gestation crates to "group housing systems" by the end of 2017, DxE's undercover video revealed that the crates are still widely used. "[W]hen … DxE visited Circle Four over the summer, they saw no signs whatsoever of any construction or reform efforts to move away from gestational crates … As the videos show, Circle Four had thousands of pigs suffering in such crates," The Intercept reported.7 Ag-Gag Laws, Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act Protect CAFOs Ag-gag laws are heavily promoted by lobbyists for the meat, egg and dairy industries, as they essentially prevent anyone from exposing animal cruelty and food safety issues at CAFOs by: Making it illegal to take undercover photos or videos Requiring anyone applying for a job at a CAFO to disclose affiliations with animal rights groups Requiring activists to hand over undercover videos immediately Requiring mandatory reporting with extremely short timelines so patterns of abuse cannot be documented While some courts have ruled ag-gag laws to be unconstitutional, they're still in place in many states. As a result, undercover videos and revelations by whistleblowers are often the only glimpse that Americans get into the cruel world of CAFOs. There’s also the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act (AETA), a federal law that labels animal rights activists as terrorists if their action “intentionally damages or causes the loss of any real or personal property (including animals or records) used by an animal enterprise … for the purpose of damaging or interfering with its operations” — even if such interference is nonviolent in nature and minimal in terms of economic losses.8 It was already illegal for animal rights activists to damage property, but AETA, passed in 2006, makes property damage caused by animal rights activists an act of domestic terrorism. The factory farm industry and its armies of lobbyists wield great influence in the halls of federal and state power, while animal rights activists wield virtually none, The Intercept reported, adding:9 "This imbalance has produced increasingly oppressive laws, accompanied by massive law enforcement resources devoted to punishing animal activists even for the most inconsequential nonviolent infractions — as the FBI search warrant and raid in search of "Lucy and Ethel" illustrates." Organic Farms, Raw Milk Farmers Also Targeted The FBI raids on animal sanctuaries are but one display of overzealous power against the wrong “enemies.” In 2015, a SWAT team raided “Garden of Eden” organic farm in Arlington, Texas, because they believed the commune was growing marijuana. It turned out there was no marijuana, only tomato plants.10 It’s similar to the raids that have occurred against raw milk farmers. On CAFOs, milk can be produced in filthy conditions, then heated until all the pathogens are gone. Never mind that, along with killing "germs," pasteurization kills off beneficial organisms in the milk and prevents natural souring (while naturally soured milk can still be consumed, pasteurized milk past its prime will quickly go bad).11 Rather than forcing dirty and dangerous CAFOs to clean up their acts, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has waged a war against raw milk producers — those who are typically producing milk using far healthier, more humane and more sustainable methods than the industrial dairy industry ever could. As more Americans demand the right to purchase and consume locally sourced food of their own choosing, increasing numbers of states are introducing legislation to loosen restrictions regarding intrastate sales of raw milk. Raw milk, by the way, is the only food banned from interstate commerce. Small Farmer Raising Heritage-Breed Pigs Targeted by State of Michigan The trend of targeting small farmers who threaten the CAFO status quo knows no boundaries. In 2010, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) issued an Invasive Species Order (ISO) to a small family-run farm, Bakers Green Acres, raising heritage-breed pigs. The ISO was intended to "help stop the spread of feral swine and the disease risk they pose to humans, domestic pigs and wildlife, as well as their potential for extensive agricultural and ecosystem damage."12 But hybrid or heritage swine, such as those raised by Bakers Green Acres, are not feral in the sense that they run around in the wild. Many hog farmers destroyed their heritage swine herds once the ISO was issued, but Bakers Green Acres sued the DNR for loss of livelihood instead. After a legal battle, the DNR reversed its decision, saying the pigs were legal after all. Owner Mark Baker has, however, since been targeted with suspicious "routine" inspections, including one over a complaint that Baker was not licensed to sell prosciutto ham to restaurants, in which the inspectors were accompanied by Michigan state police. The Inquisitr reported, "Baker's supporters allege that he was targeted after his legal battle with the DNR over the invasive species regulations. 'This is complete and utter retribution,' Baker told Mlive, 'for the stance we took on the feral swine issue.'"13 Smithfield Is Owned by a Chinese Company, Undermining Local Food Production The federal protection of CAFOs at the expense of small family farms is undermining local food production systems. Chinese companies, for instance, are increasingly buying up American farmland and U.S. food producers. In 2013, Smithfield was bought by Shaunghui, the largest meat processing company in China.14 At $7.1 billion — 30 percent above its estimated market value — it was the largest-ever Chinese buyout of an American company. Also included in the deal was $480 million worth of American farmland. With this buyout, the Chinese now own 1 out of every 4 pigs raised in the U.S. It should be noted, too, that Smithfield CAFOs in the U.S. are responsible for tremendous environmental pollution. North Carolina is the second biggest pork-producing state, which means it's home to more pig CAFOs than average. Smithfield owns most of them in the state.15 Some CAFOs treat animal feces in open-air lagoons and dispose of the waste by spraying it onto nearby fields. The creation of new CAFO lagoons, and the spray systems, were banned in 2007, but older farms were allowed to continue their use. The term "lagoon" is a misnomer, by the way. Cesspool would be more accurate, as CAFOs do not treat the animal feces in any way. They simply add it to the often-unlined lagoons until they figure out where they can spray it. In the meantime, the liquefied waste often leaches into groundwater and wells, poisoning drinking water. When it's sprayed onto fields, it often runs off into waterways, where the excess nutrients lead to algae overgrowth that depletes the water of oxygen and kills fish and other marine life.16 It's hard to imagine the magnitude of waste being produced by Smithfield's North Carolina CAFOs, but this may help — the state's pig CAFOs alone produce nearly 10 billion gallons of fecal waste annually, which is enough to fill more than 15,000 Olympic-size swimming pools, according to an analysis of maps and data of the state's CAFOs by the Environmental Working Group (EWG).17 Carefully Consider Where Your Food Comes From If you want to take a stand against industrialized agriculture in favor of locally, humanely and sustainably produced food, consciously consider where your next meal will come from. You vote three times a day when you choose the foods for your meals. Will you vote for the system that is systematically destroying your health, animal welfare and the planet — or will you support those who are changing the world for the better, one meal at a time? There are basically two different models of food production today, and there's growing conflict between them. The first, and most prevalent, is the CAFO model that takes a very mechanistic view toward life, whereas the other — the local, sustainable farm model — has a biological and holistic view. I encourage you to support the small family farms in your area that respect the laws of nature and use the relationships between animals, plants, insects, soil, water and habitat to create synergistic, self-supporting, nonpolluting and GMO-free ecosystems. Whereas industrial agriculturists want to hide their practices from you, traditional farmers will welcome you onto their land, as they have nothing to hide. Whether you do so for ethical, environmental or health reasons — or all of the above — the closer you can get to nature the better. You'll want to get your meat, chickens and eggs from smaller community farms with free-ranging, pastured animals, organically fed and locally marketed. This is the way food has been raised and distributed for centuries, before it was corrupted by politics, corporate greed and the blaring arrogance of the industrial food industry. You can do this not only by visiting the farm directly, if you have one nearby, but also by taking part in farmers markets and community-supported agriculture programs. The following organizations can also help you locate farm-fresh foods in your local area, raised in a humane, sustainable manner. >>>>> Click Here

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How secure are my possessions while on the moving van?

Deol Moving Services should constantly make your possessions safe and secure during the travel. Mover Service Melrose Park We accountable for any kind of destroyed item in the journey as well as you ought to always pick a firm like us that gives this sort of service in Melrose Park Your local furniture removalist Melrose Park & delivery experts South Australia.

After the service of other moving service Melrose Park you need to constantly check for things that has actually been messed up or shed throughout the journey. Provide the thorough description concerning the missing out on things in your checklist. Melrose Park Removalists South Australia - Movers & Furniture Removals Melrose Park House Mover Melrose Park You must maintain yourself aware of the mover's responsibility on the messed up or missing out on products referring to the quantity of insurance coverage protection offered by the moving company in Melrose Park. File a loss or damage to the business in seven months after your properties has actually been provided Removalist Melrose Park and Furniture Mover Melrose Park Furniture Removals Melrose Park & Movers Melrose Park South Australia.

Moving Service Provider in Melrose Park South Australia Mover Service in Melrose Park House Mover in Melrose Park Removalist in Melrose Park

House Mover Melrose Park Do not accept a negotiation offer or moving company's case for rejection. You could aim to contact the Australian Furniture Removers Association if you are not completely satisfied with the solution they provided you. With Deol Moving Services, South Australia City Movers in Melrose Park you never ever have to bother with anything like that as we believe that making the move easier can bring us a growing number of company in the future. So, every customer from Melrose Park is necessary to us Home Mover Melrose Park Mover in Melrose Park South Australia.

Get in touch with us today and get more info for your next relocation

at 1300 032 006

1. Suppose the moving companies damage something in Melrose Park South Australia?

Some moving companies in Melbourne assure a secure and safe traveling. You have to see to it that the contract you will certainly be authorizing with the moving firm in Melrose Park House Mover Melrose Park South Australia consists of stipulations devoting them to change the items harmed or destroyed throughout their transfer of your valuables Home Mover Melrose Park Mover in Melrose Park and Furniture Mover Melrose Park.

We at Deol Moving Services uses replacements to your items that have actually been damaged during the traveling. We agree to change the important things because it belongs of the contract. Melrose Park South Australia Removalist Quotes.

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