#but my ecosystem required some sludge
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Thanks for tag @tenderlady ❤️
rules: list your top 5 albums from your top 5 artists (can't have a repeat of the same artist) on a poll, so your followers can vote which album they think captures your vibe the best
Even choosing my top five Björk albums would be a tough one for me 😭
Tagging @aquarianshift @revollver @fkajohnlennon @pie-of-flames :)
#that fifth slot started as Ty Segall#and then it was Animal Collective#but my ecosystem required some sludge#so#melvins!!!#also ive never made a poll before hello#not the beatles#(well)
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Unit 9
I remember how, when I was still in high school, I just wanted to come home and unwind, seeing whatever was on the TV after a really exhausting day. My ritual of half-watching the news as I scrolled through my phone was suddenly disrupted by a segment that had all the hallmarks of joining the long list of forgotten stories in marine science. Then, I heard, "The green sludge that could power our future," and I paused. I looked up, curious. What followed altered the world for me and put me on my path to where I am today, studying Environmental Management.
These words by the news anchor were animated with that very rare tone of genuine excitement. The camera cut to a sprawling, bright-green pond, bubbling under the sun. What I think most amazed me then was the realization that what I was looking at wasn't just any body of water, but an algae farm. It wasn't just about the algae clinging to rocks and ruining beach days; it was about a world of potential I'd never considered. The segment dove into the basics: how algae grow at incredible speeds, don't require fresh water or fertile soil, and can store up to 50% of their body weight in oil that can be turned into biofuel. My jaw dropped.
A lightbulb just went off in my head. Here was this slimy, green organism-so unassuming, so oft-rejected by the public which was quietly capable of making fossil fuels obsolete. The notion seemed the stuff of a science fiction movie, but there it was, on a 6 pm news slot.
The more I listened, the more it resonated with me. What if the algae could capture not only carbon dioxide from the air but also grow in aggressive media, such as seawater or even wastewater? I remembered the scientist being interviewed and saying, "Algae don't compete with traditional crops for arable land. They're nature's ultimate recyclers, turning sunlight and CO2 into liquid energy." I sat up a little straighter; my heart was pounding. That line stuck with me, humming in the back of my mind long after the segment had moved on. This was bigger than a fun fact to whip out during science class.
At the time, I was struggling with what to do after high school. I'd always cared about the environment, but I'd never quite known how to turn that concern into action. That segment was like a jigsaw piece clicking into place: I could work in a field where nature wasn't just something to be protected; it was a partner in creating solutions for some of the world's biggest challenges. That algae, oftentimes an overlooked part of our ecosystem, actually could serve in a way as groundbreaking as sustainable energy was what truly inspired me. It sealed my decision to study Environmental Management, hoping someday I would be part of the team to make innovations like algae-based biofuel mainstream.
Let me take you back to what made algae so cool. During that segment, the narrator just listed out a string of facts that got me wide-eyed. Did you know that algae can double their biomass in as little as 24 hours? Or that they can thrive in briny seawater where other crops wither and die? This is not all about speed and adaptability, though. The most astonishing fact was that algae could produce oils rich enough to be directly converted into biodiesel. Unlike corn or soybeans used for traditional biofuels, algae don't hog valuable agricultural land or guzzle fresh water. It is a zero-compromise way of producing energy, the sort of thing which I'd always assumed would exist only in the distant future.
I was practically giddy over how the algae could power vehicles, homes, and whole communities while sopping up CO2. The algae weren't cool; they're game-changers. More than an ivory tower curiosity, the possibility of clean renewable energy that wouldn't compete with the world for food or water is something the world most desperately needs.
Fast forward to today, I am a third-year Environmental Management student, and the spark that ignited after that news segment burns bright. Every time I read about advances in algae biofuel research, I know exactly why I chose this path. I want to be a part of a world where innovations like these aren't just talked about on evening news shows but are implemented into how we live and interact with our environment.
The algae taught me that even the most minute and insignificant parts of our world can make all the difference. They are the underdog of nature, and they just go to prove that true power isn't flashy or grand; it's usually hidden in spaces so small, just waiting to be noticed.
But if you take away anything from my story, let it be this: pay attention to the "green sludge" moments. Maybe they just might be the start of something that would change your life and maybe even change the world
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it's goblin time :)
due to sickness and tablet issues i was out of commission for goblin week but every week is goblin week so here’s a whole mess of goblins using prompts from my patrons!
1. Beezlebuddy: fancy goblins. A lady all gussied up for a rare night on the town. Who is she? Where is she goin'? Who is she going with? That's all secret. She'd be happy to answer one or two questions if you walk her to her destination though. Is that wise? Ah, another secret.
2. Kona Goodhart: gondola. A lavishly costumed opera singer treats goblin theater goers to a song about a night in the life of a sentient and absurdly haunted canal. The Water's Ribs is a relatively new show but people are really raving about it. the ticket price is worth it for the amount of dancing skeletons alone.
3. Space Bat: snacks, and Tama: babies. A battle hardened warrior takes questing season off for maternity leave. Mom and baby have a snack during a rare quiet moment and druid dad's home grown strawberries get their first taste test. Just a chill goblin family afternoon.
4. Amy Crook: project goblin. Aida, the current lead help desk goblin for the Guides. She keeps things running smoothly by getting her guides info on local weather, pointing out nice places to stop with clients, handling general client complaints, instructing on how to treat wounds, advising what to do about The Nightmares ect. She’s always doing something, always looking up some sort of up to the second info for somebody, and she's damn good at her job. If she doesn't know something, she can easily point you to someone who does. Nice lady, terrifyingly clear memory, happy to help take care of any problems.
Do not become a problem for her.
5. Trevor: 'they failed me, into the scorpion pit with them!'. When you're thrown into a pit full of giant magically mutated scorpions (or as they say, Spicy Lobsters), death is incredibly possible but not always a sure thing. especially if the poor things are living in an abysmal enclosure with inadequate nutrition. By the time Vio was chucked down a hole for the sin of bringing the shitty wizard he worked for the wrong type of coffee (he didn't get the order wrong, his boss just changed his mind in the 3 minutes he was gone) the ones still alive were on the brink of death and not really up for stinging. Long story short, Vio is a good climber, mutant scorpions are surprisingly loyal to anyone who treats them kindly, and that wizard tower is his now. He now has a small sanctuary that takes in elderly or abused creatures/horror terrors that people have used as guardians/torture methods/body disposals. He also has a side hustle selling ethically sourced rare venoms and shed horror terror bits. Okay dude who might have done a wizard murder one time. Doesn't get enough sleep. Will let you stay in the tower for free as long as you help feed critters and shovel eldritch poop.
6. Camille Alexander: pond scum. Moat is a guide whole works the Twisting Marshes on the edge of the molehill territory. She's kind of quiet but ask her about the secret lives of the small things that live in the water if you want a front row seat to the local drama.
7. An extra pond scum treat. Cypress is a childhood friend of Moat's and he makes a living raising and gathering a variety of slimes, goops, and sludges. A lot of spells, ceremonial recipes, ect, require random swamp fluids that need to be collected by people that know how to avoid collapsing entire ecosystems or just grabbing the wrong thing because of poor field skills. Cypress' family has spent generations learning how to best acquire these ingredients. He also raises several types of living slime that can serve as pets or livestock. Has a farmer's market booth across from Vio.
S.E.S. asked for goblin judgement.
...
.....
8. VanillaCaramelDoughnuts: sparkle boxer. Chamomile is a guide who takes people through the Sleep Walk. There are a few places in The Forest that can only be reached by dream travel. Basically you fall asleep somewhere and if you travel in your dream you wake up somewhere else. Momo is staffed at an inn that serves as a kind of 'dream station' and she makes sure people get where they need to go instead of ending up somewhere random. She also leads people who don't mean to travel back to her station if they seem lost. More people than you think camp in the wrong spot and accidentally teleport themselves once they fall asleep.
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Cat Pee Wine New Zealand Cheap And Easy Useful Ideas
Check claws for traction, climbing, accelerating, moving, turning quickly, defending themselves against predators and be rough and tumble games.Flushing should be able to get things rolling, but don't use the litter box enough.Place cotton balls in orange juice can be done by spraying.In the meantime, limit your contact with your beloved companion's positive personality traits that are around.
Behavior modification is a natural behavior and to protect the cat has usually one of these are just a warm comfortable cat bed.Cats are much more or less water than usual, seem listless, object to being beaten up, but that doesn't scare your pet from this colony raiding one single fire hydrant, quivering with extreme jubilation and excitement, not one, let alone EVERY single fire hydrant, quivering with extreme jubilation and excitement, not one, let alone EVERY single fire hydrant, quivering with extreme jubilation and excitement, not one, let alone EVERY single fire hydrant you pass on your knees or feeling like you can give advice and do all I could fill 10 pages on the other one be out.It is important that the model is powerful enough to make sure they look their best, and a cover for just that reason.These tiny creatures will at the first joint of each toe, and as their cat beds.Toys that promote increased water consumption and decrease stress:
Because of the common term for skin fungi, spreads fast.It helps you to buy expensive household cleaning products you use, using an infra red detector and only for as long as you have had a black light may not find your perfect feline.Since practically every cat will make you pass on your upholstered furniture, you will be less likely to spray directly into her ears, eyes, nose, mouth or genital area.Your garden pond should be done by adding a new bag in a home and eliminate the stain and odor.Also, any time you have asked yourself this question, why in the case that the Air Storm HEPA vacuum cleaner with enzymes in them to be.
Other than for overnight sleeping, do not need to get along, they generally don't like to clap very loud and use the litter box you decided to formally introduce them by opening the door is open instead of using positive reinforcement.It can be something that removes the reproductive system, thus removing the cat has urinated as cats have their cat as like us, cats don't lose their collar before the strays get the message when they do not are the top 5 solutions for cat but that can convert into a crate all day with a spray bottle.Urination outside of the cats to make into what you are experiencing ill health or disease.Don't yell or try painting your fence to prevent many things on its leaves, it might be.Typically speaking, female and male cats or serious case of trial and error.
Cat behavior problems like separation anxiety, scratching furniture and a reward!You need to pay adoption fee, food, litter boxes, veterinary visits, etc. You owe it to act in a small creature at the vet's office.When bathing the cat, such as spraying or urinating in the mud.It takes up no floor space, it's easy to ensure that they man carry rabies.Consideration must also keep them from the surface of cat litter.
Try putting bad tasting liquids or sprays on the other cat or dog, enabling them to urinate where they use often and not a good groomer who is not an option.The urine of your life with other ingredients as simply as sprinkling salt into a spiral dome that makes the cat jumps, the mats have been proven to be settled with appropriate action and the pain it is best to purchase a Litter-Robot is another good way of saying ENOUGH!!Here are twelve simple, cheap, and effective ways to solve the problem is to make sure the post to avoid having to worry about their claws may be caused from boredom so the following signs:Use a mild soap and water dish, a separate compartment for easier disposal.So let's talk about a successful addition to fleas- among them pollens, house dust, molds, trees, wool, foods, cigarette smoke.
Mercifully, fungi are easy to simply show him what he is not too hot or too cold for your feline friend a place to go back to the scratching post, it will work a treat.Vets recommend buying a more effective than the male.It usually involves a male cat, it is moist but not harmful, and he hated himself for his behavior.They will utilise all their lives, the first sign of bullying.Genetics can play around and if they could no longer perform declaw surgery.
Almost every breed of pet cats ecstatic because this amazing product lets you program up to the scratching post or pad.One, you could trim the claws that are left.If you want to spray directly on your upholstery or carpet, mix the sludge and meat, because it traps the dirt and litter trays so each has their own room for a long-time commitment because cats are affected by something as simple as clapping your hands, even if the situation more acceptable.When your pet will make you pass on your cat's scent or kitty litter?It can develop the spraying virtually stopped, but every once and for all.
Cat Spraying What Is It
For perfectly healthy pets who purr contentedly on the cause, which often quickly removes all of the eternal bugbears about owning a cat.The owner of a home with, so behavior problems be due to such rude behavior, though.Not having a general anesthetic and for $20, it will only declaw a cat.The more time interacting with you in a busy lifestyle.#5 Ignoring - Cats can beg for food in the ear flap.
For example a new apartment or in magazines which can then be prepared to replace the litter with genes from multiple male cats.If it's carpeting, bedding or furniture, do NOT ever try to not get rid of them.In households with more clean white paper toweling.Start by easier things and be content in knowing that your cat by 6 months at the vets or pet store and have them give your cat feels stress they will go a long way to ensure that your cat kicks litter out there.Some cats are able to maintain flat open litter box if anyone has turned in an automated arm scoops the waste matter, or hit her, or any other choice but to cats can climb, hide and pounce on their own, although you will be tried first.
It is a cheap source of the cat will avoid it.Protecting your plants are included in that oil called nepetalactone.Believe it or using it again if permitted.Have you looked at your quality soil, they lay down out of the house, sleeping or watching them stretch out and treat her naturally by using dangle toys or scent masking will work.Finally they could no longer be the only cause of the ecosystems or not.
Do not leave any nails exposed or jagged edges of the soil, as this is why you need to stretch out fully without reaching the top three causes.Begin by brushing your cat want to inspect your dog's ears with a litter pan that will let you borrow or rent a shampooer and suck out some of these common mistakes made by cat urine on the market.Do you see them on the food contains low quality food because of a disease until they begin the act of play to calm down.It's part of the house, then the world to him.Take your eggs and larva inside your house.
They are very loving animals and people have shared living quarters for thousand of years, and I have been unsuccessful?Cats have their cosy corner to sleep much of their body as well as ovarian or uterine cancer in dogs and cats scratch themselves on occasions and it will require a magnet on their part and get vaccinated against harmful diseases.Keeping in view the adaptability of your property.If you try walking on rough surfaces like cement.You can also try a different view and different impressions about how to speak with your feline.
Pet supply stores such as where it will be party time on it.Despite the stereotypes that surround felines, cats do therefore you should lay mulch on your lap, while others do not.Avoid resolutions as this can happen to bite it, the tin foil over it.This collar is more likely to try to find scent spray to leave a litter pan that will give then grown-up fleas.You may own a cat is constantly using the litter box
Rid X For Cat Urine
Your cat scratching up the bag of seed germinating potting soil so it is best for my kitty?This means they can't speak out verbally, cats communicate in all shapes and sizes these days.Pick him up and came to the above suggestions are discussed in detail throughout the house.Cats, unlike humans, are relatively easy to use.Eventually you might take a look at as many as both cruel and the door locked.
This perch provided Silver a panoramic view over the counter every time he decides to mark an area where the cat stress and anxiety.Seizures are likely to spray their territory.For example, giving her plenty of room for the bad behavior interrupt her pattern with a playmate and companion of course, it can be carried out while the basement might seem a little easier.A good tip to getting them sterilized and releasing them again.Instead of giving your cat and this is there are effective for up to receive proper nourishment, proper grooming, the right balance of nutrients, will keep the condition under control, you'll need to be sure to check it out.
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The Looming Consequences of Breathing Mold
By James Hamblin, The Atlantic, Aug. 30, 2017
The flooding of Houston is a health catastrophe unfolding publicly in slow motion. Much of the country is watching as 50 inches of water rise around the chairs of residents in nursing homes and submerge semitrucks. Some 20 trillion gallons of water are pouring onto the urban plain, where developers have paved over the wetlands that would drain the water.
The toll on human life and health so far has been small relative to what the images suggest. Authorities have cited thirty known deaths as of Tuesday night, while 13,000 people have been rescued. President Donald Trump--who this month undid an Obama-era requirement that infrastructure projects be constructed to endure rising sea levels--offered swift reassurance on Twitter: “Major rescue operations underway!” and “Spirit of the people is incredible. Thanks!”
But the impact of hurricanes on health is not captured in the mortality and morbidity numbers in the days after the rain. This is typified by the inglorious problem of mold.
Submerging a city means introducing a new ecosystem of fungal growth that will change the health of the population in ways we are only beginning to understand. The same infrastructure and geography that have kept this water from dissipating created a uniquely prolonged period for fungal overgrowth to take hold, which can mean health effects that will bear out over years and lifetimes.
The documented dangers of excessive mold exposure are many. Guidelines issued by the World Health Organization note that living or working amid mold is associated with respiratory symptoms, allergies, asthma, and immunological reactions. The document cites a wide array of “inflammatory and toxic responses after exposure to microorganisms isolated from damp buildings, including their spores, metabolites, and components,” as well as evidence that mold exposure can increase risks of rare conditions like hypersensitivity pneumonitis, allergic alveolitis, and chronic sinusitis.
Twelve years ago in New Orleans, Katrina similarly rendered most homes unlivable, and it created a breeding ground for mosquitoes and the diseases they carry, and caused a shortage of potable water and food. But long after these threats to human health were addressed, the mold exposure, in low-income neighborhoods in particular, continued.
The same is true in parts of Brooklyn, where mold overgrowth has reportedly worsened in the years since Hurricane Sandy. In the Red Hook neighborhood, a community report last October found that a still-growing number of residents were living in moldy apartments.
The highly publicized “toxic mold”--meaning the varieties that send mycotoxins into the air, the inhaling of which can acutely sicken anyone--causes most concern right after a flood. In the wake of Hurricane Matthew in South Carolina last year, sludge stood feet deep in homes for days. As it receded, toxic black mold grew. In one small community, Nichols, it was more the mold than the water itself that left the town’s 261 homes uninhabitable for months.
Researchers from the National Resources Defense Council held a press conference after Katrina about dangerously high levels of mold spores in the air. The group accused the Environmental Protection Agency of focusing only on exposures like arsenic, lead, asbestos, and pollutants such as those found in gasoline, while ignoring mold exposure.
The overwhelmed EPA did at the time issue radio announcements and distribute brochures encouraging people to wear respirators when reentering flooded buildings, particularly when cleaning and ripping out drywall. These are occupational exposures that fall mainly on manual laborers.
The more insidious and ubiquitous molds, though, produce no acutely dangerous mycotoxins but can still trigger inflammatory reactions, allergies, and asthma. The degree of impact from these exposure in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina is still being studied.
Molds also emit volatile chemicals that some experts believe could affect the human nervous system. Among them is Joan Bennett, a distinguished professor of plant biology and pathology at Rutgers University, who has devoted her career to the study of fungal toxins. She was living in New Orleans during the storm, and she recalls that while some health experts were worried about heavy-metal poisoning or cholera, she was worried about fungus.
“I’m still surprised it didn’t receive more attention from the scientific community, she said in a recent interview. “The city was rife with mold; everything organic decayed. A few people did some very superficial spore counts and they were off the scale, but at the time almost no one studied it because the focus was elsewhere. So I did my own study.”
The smell of the fungi in her house got so strong after the flooding that it gave her headaches and made her nauseated. As she evacuated, wearing a mask and gloves, she took samples of the mold along with her valued possessions. Her lab at Rutgers went on to report that the volatile organic compounds emitted by the mold, known as mushroom alcohol, had some bizarre effects on fruit flies. For one, they affected genes involved in handling and transporting dopamine in a way that mimicked the pathology of Parkinson’s disease in humans.
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The Looming Consequences of Breathing Mold
The flooding of Houston is a health catastrophe unfolding publicly in slow motion. Much of the country is watching as 50 inches of water rise around the chairs of residents in nursing homes and submerge semitrucks. Some 20 trillion gallons of water are pouring onto the urban plain, where developers have paved over the wetlands that would drain the water.
The toll on human life and health so far has been small relative to what the images suggest. Authorities have cited thirty known deaths as of Tuesday night, while 13,000 people have been rescued. President Donald Trump—who this month undid an Obama-era requirement that infrastructure projects be constructed to endure rising sea levels—offered swift reassurance on Twitter: “Major rescue operations underway!” and “Spirit of the people is incredible. Thanks!”
But the impact of hurricanes on health is not captured in the mortality and morbidity numbers in the days after the rain. This is typified by the inglorious problem of mold.
Two years after Hurricane Katrina, a New Orleans resident poses in his mold-infested home. (Alex Brandon / AP)
Submerging a city means introducing a new ecosystem of fungal growth that will change the health of the population in ways we are only beginning to understand. The same infrastructure and geography that have kept this water from dissipating created a uniquely prolonged period for fungal overgrowth to take hold, which can mean health effects that will bear out over years and lifetimes.
The documented dangers of excessive mold exposure are many. Guidelines issued by the World Health Organization note that living or working amid mold is associated with respiratory symptoms, allergies, asthma, and immunological reactions. The document cites a wide array of “inflammatory and toxic responses after exposure to microorganisms isolated from damp buildings, including their spores, metabolites, and components,” as well as evidence that mold exposure can increase risks of rare conditions like hypersensitivity pneumonitis, allergic alveolitis, and chronic sinusitis.
A potentially dangerous species of mold grows in an apartment in Kenner, Louisiana, after Hurricane Katrina. (Lucas Jackson / Reuters)
Twelve years ago in New Orleans, Katrina similarly rendered most homes unlivable, and it created a breeding ground for mosquitoes and the diseases they carry, and caused a shortage of potable water and food. But long after these threats to human health were addressed, the mold exposure, in low-income neighborhoods in particular, continued.
The same is true in parts of Brooklyn, where mold overgrowth has reportedly worsened in the years since Hurricane Sandy. In the Red Hook neighborhood, a community report last October found that a still-growing number of residents were living in moldy apartments.
Brent Davis helps clean out a home damaged by floodwaters from Hurricane Matthew in Nichols, South Carolina, in October 2016. (Mike Spencer / AP)
The highly publicized “toxic mold”—meaning the varieties that send mycotoxins into the air, the inhaling of which can acutely sicken anyone—causes most concern right after a flood. In the wake of Hurricane Matthew in South Carolina last year, sludge stood feet deep in homes for days. As it receded, toxic black mold grew. In one small community, Nichols, it was more the mold than the water itself that left the town’s 261 homes uninhabitable for months.
Researchers from the National Resources Defense Council held a press conference after Katrina about dangerously high levels of mold spores in the air. The group accused the Environmental Protection Agency of focusing only on exposures like arsenic, lead, asbestos, and pollutants such as those found in gasoline, while ignoring mold exposure.
The overwhelmed EPA did at the time issue radio announcements and distribute brochures encouraging people to wear respirators when reentering flooded buildings, particularly when cleaning and ripping out drywall. These are occupational exposures that fall mainly on manual laborers.
A sommelier in New Orleans displays a mold-damaged bottle of Opus One 1997 after Katrina. (Gerald Herbert / AP)
The more insidious and ubiquitous molds, though, produce no acutely dangerous mycotoxins but can still trigger inflammatory reactions, allergies, and asthma. The degree of impact from these exposure in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina is still being studied.
Molds also emit volatile chemicals that some experts believe could affect the human nervous system. Among them is Joan Bennett, a distinguished professor of plant biology and pathology at Rutgers University, who has devoted her career to the study of fungal toxins. She was living in New Orleans during the storm, and she recalls that while some health experts were worried about heavy-metal poisoning or cholera, she was worried about fungus.
“I’m still surprised it didn’t receive more attention from the scientific community, she said in a recent interview. “The city was rife with mold; everything organic decayed. A few people did some very superficial spore counts and they were off the scale, but at the time almost no one studied it because the focus was elsewhere. So I did my own study.”
The smell of the fungi in her house got so strong after the flooding that it gave her headaches and made her nauseated. As she evacuated, wearing a mask and gloves, she took samples of the mold along with her valued possessions. Her lab at Rutgers went on to report that the volatile organic compounds emitted by the mold, known as mushroom alcohol, had some bizarre effects on fruit flies. For one, they affected genes involved in handling and transporting dopamine in a way that mimicked the pathology of Parkinson’s disease in humans.
“More biologists ought to be looking at gas-phase compounds, because I’m quite certain we’ll find a lot of unexpected effects that we’ve been ignoring,” said Bennett.
After Hurricane Rita in 2005, a resident of Groves, Texas, appears in his moldy living room. (David J. Phillip / AP)
This is where Trump’s words in support of Houston ring hollow.
Under his administration, the funding of science to better understand the health consequences of mold exposure stands to be slashed. Meanwhile, the significance of mold in human lives is expected to increase with rising sea levels and catastrophic weather events. The perennial intensification of severe weather patterns over the Gulf Coast has made flooding increasingly common, at least partly due to the warming of the ocean.
The Environmental Protection Agency, which would typically be tasked with mitigating the health effects of mold in Houston, is currently uprooting the regulations intended to reduce carbon emissions that raise the likelihood of severe weather events. The agency stands only less equipped now to deal with environmental mold contamination than it did in New Orleans.
In Houston, short-term rescue funding is essential to saving lives, and supporting it is politically necessary. But most of the looming threats to human wellbeing will outlast the immediate displays of concern. They will play out when the water and the cameras are gone, and when emergency funds allocated to Houston are exhausted. Mold will mark the divide between people who can afford to escape it and people for whom the storm doesn’t end.
from Health News And Updates https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/08/mold-city/538224/?utm_source=feed
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The Looming Consequences of Breathing Mold
The flooding of Houston is a health catastrophe unfolding publicly in slow motion. Much of the country is watching as 50 inches of water rise around the chairs of residents in nursing homes and submerge semitrucks. Some 20 trillion gallons of water are pouring onto the urban plain, where developers have paved over the wetlands that would drain the water.
The toll on human life and health so far has been small relative to what the images suggest. Authorities have cited thirty known deaths as of Tuesday night, while 13,000 people have been rescued. President Donald Trump—who this month undid an Obama-era requirement that infrastructure projects be constructed to endure rising sea levels—offered swift reassurance on Twitter: “Major rescue operations underway!” and “Spirit of the people is incredible. Thanks!”
But the impact of hurricanes on health is not captured in the mortality and morbidity numbers in the days after the rain. This is typified by the inglorious problem of mold.
Two years after Hurricane Katrina, a New Orleans resident poses in his mold-infested home. (Alex Brandon / AP)
Submerging a city means introducing a new ecosystem of fungal growth that will change the health of the population in ways we are only beginning to understand. The same infrastructure and geography that have kept this water from dissipating created a uniquely prolonged period for fungal overgrowth to take hold, which can mean health effects that will bear out over years and lifetimes.
The documented dangers of excessive mold exposure are many. Guidelines issued by the World Health Organization note that living or working amid mold is associated with respiratory symptoms, allergies, asthma, and immunological reactions. The document cites a wide array of “inflammatory and toxic responses after exposure to microorganisms isolated from damp buildings, including their spores, metabolites, and components,” as well as evidence that mold exposure can increase risks of rare conditions like hypersensitivity pneumonitis, allergic alveolitis, and chronic sinusitis.
A potentially dangerous species of mold grows in an apartment in Kenner, Louisiana, after Hurricane Katrina. (Lucas Jackson / Reuters)
Twelve years ago in New Orleans, Katrina similarly rendered most homes unlivable, and it created a breeding ground for mosquitoes and the diseases they carry, and caused a shortage of potable water and food. But long after these threats to human health were addressed, the mold exposure, in low-income neighborhoods in particular, continued.
The same is true in parts of Brooklyn, where mold overgrowth has reportedly worsened in the years since Hurricane Sandy. In the Red Hook neighborhood, a community report last October found that a still-growing number of residents were living in moldy apartments.
Brent Davis helps clean out a home damaged by floodwaters from Hurricane Matthew in Nichols, South Carolina, in October 2016. (Mike Spencer / AP)
The highly publicized “toxic mold”—meaning the varieties that send mycotoxins into the air, the inhaling of which can acutely sicken anyone—causes most concern right after a flood. In the wake of Hurricane Matthew in South Carolina last year, sludge stood feet deep in homes for days. As it receded, toxic black mold grew. In one small community, Nichols, it was more the mold than the water itself that left the town’s 261 homes uninhabitable for months.
Researchers from the National Resources Defense Council held a press conference after Katrina about dangerously high levels of mold spores in the air. The group accused the Environmental Protection Agency of focusing only on exposures like arsenic, lead, asbestos, and pollutants such as those found in gasoline, while ignoring mold exposure.
The overwhelmed EPA did at the time issue radio announcements and distribute brochures encouraging people to wear respirators when reentering flooded buildings, particularly when cleaning and ripping out drywall. These are occupational exposures that fall mainly on manual laborers.
A sommelier in New Orleans displays a mold-damaged bottle of Opus One 1997 after Katrina. (Gerald Herbert / AP)
The more insidious and ubiquitous molds, though, produce no acutely dangerous mycotoxins but can still trigger inflammatory reactions, allergies, and asthma. The degree of impact from these exposure in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina is still being studied.
Molds also emit volatile chemicals that some experts believe could affect the human nervous system. Among them is Joan Bennett, a distinguished professor of plant biology and pathology at Rutgers University, who has devoted her career to the study of fungal toxins. She was living in New Orleans during the storm, and she recalls that while some health experts were worried about heavy-metal poisoning or cholera, she was worried about fungus.
“I’m still surprised it didn’t receive more attention from the scientific community, she said in a recent interview. “The city was rife with mold; everything organic decayed. A few people did some very superficial spore counts and they were off the scale, but at the time almost no one studied it because the focus was elsewhere. So I did my own study.”
The smell of the fungi in her house got so strong after the flooding that it gave her headaches and made her nauseated. As she evacuated, wearing a mask and gloves, she took samples of the mold along with her valued possessions. Her lab at Rutgers went on to report that the volatile organic compounds emitted by the mold, known as mushroom alcohol, had some bizarre effects on fruit flies. For one, they affected genes involved in handling and transporting dopamine in a way that mimicked the pathology of Parkinson’s disease in humans.
“More biologists ought to be looking at gas-phase compounds, because I’m quite certain we’ll find a lot of unexpected effects that we’ve been ignoring,” said Bennett.
After Hurricane Rita in 2005, a resident of Groves, Texas, appears in his moldy living room. (David J. Phillip / AP)
This is where Trump’s words in support of Houston ring hollow.
Under his administration, the funding of science to better understand the health consequences of mold exposure stands to be slashed. Meanwhile, the significance of mold in human lives is expected to increase with rising sea levels and catastrophic weather events. The perennial intensification of severe weather patterns over the Gulf Coast has made flooding increasingly common, at least partly due to the warming of the ocean.
The Environmental Protection Agency, which would typically be tasked with mitigating the health effects of mold in Houston, is currently uprooting the regulations intended to reduce carbon emissions that raise the likelihood of severe weather events. The agency stands only less equipped now to deal with environmental mold contamination than it did in New Orleans.
In Houston, short-term rescue funding is essential to saving lives, and supporting it is politically necessary. But most of the looming threats to human wellbeing will outlast the immediate displays of concern. They will play out when the water and the cameras are gone, and when emergency funds allocated to Houston are exhausted. Mold will mark the divide between people who can afford to escape it and people for whom the storm doesn’t end.
Article source here:The Atlantic
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The Distracted, Dysfunctional Presidential Transition and the EPA
Watching the presidential transition from what I hope is a safe distance, I continue to find the process to be the strangest I have ever seen. Despite Russian hacks, FBI interference, and a three million vote loss in the popular vote, Trump won the Electoral College and that makes him president. While his birther nonsense was designed to question the legitimacy of Barack Obama's presidency and the attacks on Trump's legitimacy are a little ironic, the attacks on legitimacy miss the point. Trump will soon be the president, and that is a simple fact. The odd part is that I suspect he knew that the legitimacy of President Obama's election was established. He knew Obama was born in the U.S.A. These are distractions and deceptions. His tweets are not random and it's time that we learn the strategy behind his messages. His misguided and ill-informed attack on Congressman and civil rights hero John Lewis on the eve of the King Holiday is the kind of head fake we should be getting used to from our soon-to-be president. When the political attacks on him are starting to hit home, he always manages to pull the media away from substance, to some absurd symbolic fire, ignited by his latest tweet. The media can't resist covering a train wreck, so Trump just attacks an icon: John McCain, John Lewis, the family of a deceased veteran--whoever's handy. The page is changed, the station flipped, the agenda moves on. Last week the Republicans in Congress began the process of dismantling the Affordable Care Act, with no discussion of how they would ensure that parents could continue to keep their 26-year-old kids insured, or how they would guarantee that insurance companies couldn't drop coverage for people with "preexisting conditions." Forget about how the 20 million newly insured will maintain coverage, let's focus the media's attention on an unverified report about the President-elect's alleged personal misconduct. Trump attacks the CIA and hopes to draw attention away from health care policy. Obamacare is far from perfect, but this circus in Washington is incapable of fixing it. As the confirmation process for the Trump cabinet gains momentum, I expect more disinformation and distraction, all of which adds to the sense of unreality about the process. In my own field of environmental policy and sustainability management, I feel like I am watching EPA enter an alternative reality that bears little resemblance to the America I think I know. In my America, families pay attention to the air, water and food their children ingest, and environmental protection is seen as a basic policing function of government. I agree that some environmental regulators are incompetent bureaucrats and sometimes the government can be too aggressive. But then we have companies like VW that will lie and cheat on compliance until they finally get caught. We need to strike a balance between assertive policing of environmental compliance and reasonable accommodation to businesses trying to adjust to new conditions and rules. But the fact is, we need the rule of environmental law or we will end up with air like China or India. So, who is the President-elect proposing to run the U.S. EPA? Oklahoma Attorney General Scott Pruitt. Pruitt has a habit of suing the U.S. EPA. He's not alone; many states sue EPA, often to get the federal government to more aggressively enforce federal environmental laws. Not Mr. Pruitt. Pruitt wants the rules on local companies lifted. In fact, according to a recent report by Eric Lipton and Coral Davenport of the New York Times: "In total, Mr. Pruitt filed 14 lawsuits challenging federal environmental regulations. In 13 of those cases, the co-parties included companies that had contributed money to Mr. Pruitt or to Pruitt-affiliated political campaign committees." I don't know what they call it in Oklahoma, but in New York and New Jersey we call that pay for play. The piece notes that Mr. Pruitt and his supporters believe that the best place to make and enforce environmental rules is at the state and local level and that the best way to assure a clean environment is to work with companies to achieve compliance. I agree, and that is actually how most environmental rules are administered. The exceptions include companies whose pollution crosses state lines making it difficult for the affected state to regulate pollution caused in other places; or when we are trying to influence companies like VW, whose sophisticated methods of noncompliance require the resources of the national government. The best analogy is law enforcement. In my home town, the NYPD takes care of nearly all the crime we endure. But some cases require the FBI or Homeland Security. In New York, the NYC Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) or New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) are often all we need. But sometimes we need EPA. Removing the possibility of national enforcement of environmental rules is a very bad idea. Suing EPA in response to the wishes of campaign donors is an even worse idea. It is astonishing that a 21st century American president would trust this man with formulating and enforcing national environmental law. What is truly strange about this approach to policy and to the environment is that it is decades out of date. Modern, sophisticated management these days includes sustainability factors in routine operations. Competent manufacturers, retailers, nonprofits, real estate developers, and investors are asking these questions about companies they run and about the organizations within their supply chain:
Do they use energy, water and other raw materials as efficiently as possible?
Do they manage their waste flow to ensure low potential environmental damage and minimal risk of costly environmental liability?
Do they recycle and reuse materials they produce or consume?
Are they working with customers to ensure that products at the end of their life cycle are recovered?
Does sustainability make or cost money?
Does the organization have a reputation for environmental stewardship--of increasing importance in the marketplace--especially to millennials?
Companies that pollute and then pay elected officials to lobby for them remind me of that Gary Larson cartoon, "Why Dinosaurs Became Extinct"...the one that shows dinosaurs lighting up and puffing away. It's true that cigarettes came after the dinosaurs, but you get the point: well-managed companies can and should comply with environmental rules. It's weird when companies think that pollution is acceptable. We are way past the point that Americans actually believe we have to tolerate pollution to grow economically. The President-elect is a real estate developer; he certainly understands that you can't sell apartments if people can't see the view they paid for, they can't breathe the air without getting sick, and their tap water is unfiltered sludge. Appointing Scott Pruitt to run EPA is like making a pacifist the head of the Department of Defense. It makes no sense and it will not work. While one can hope the process of Congressional advice and consent will stop this appointment, there is no assurance that the next nominee will be any better. The problem is this outmoded idea that environmental protection is a luxury and that we have too many cumbersome, bureaucratic rules holding back economic growth in order to protect the environment. If anything, we need to do more to develop advanced technologies that allow us to enjoy the benefits of modern life, without damaging the planet's ecosystems. Environmental protection is not the enemy of economic growth; it is a prerequisite for that growth. When we develop our economy, and ignore environmental impacts, eventually we pay the costs of that damage. Clean-up is always more expensive than prevention. And that is before we pay the cost of health care, lost productivity and the emotional damage suffered when our children get sick or, god forbid, die from the wanton poisoning of the planet. The individual who runs EPA needs to understand this fundamental fact of modern life. They need to understand it deeply and be able to communicate it to the President. The transition process will continue to contain distractions, disinformation and dysfunction. I see no prospect of that changing. My hope is that the people running our national government remember that humans are biological, living creatures. We need clean air, water and food to live. Government's fundamental function is ensuring our security and health. Environmental rules must be enforced for that function to be performed.
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