#books and fics with Incorrect Horse Details just. Annoy me. LOOK IT UP

[essayofthoughts]

Just some details from someone who grew up riding in the UK

In the UK that "cinch" is usually called a "girth". I can attest to the way that horses will puff up to try to get some extra looseness on it! The usual test at the riding schools I went to was to wait a minute or two and then slide two or three fingers under the girth and see how much give there was - if you could pull the girth away from the horse's side with those fingers then you needed to tighten the girth, if you could only just fit those fingers you were usually fine. (Also, if you mess up with the girth it really WILL just cause the saddle to rotate off the side of the horse, I have seen it happen and while it was funny when safe in the school at a trot pace around a corner, it is not funny when out in the woods!) Similar small terminology things - in the UK it's usually a "riding school" or "riding stables", because we don't have the space for ranches! Additionally going on a ride out of the school (usually indoor in the UK because of rain, but some places do have an outdoor school!) is usually called a "Hack" or "going hacking".

Personally I find a Western saddle too rigid! This is probably because OP and I grew up with different styles but for me, a Western saddle almost gives too much support. I'm used to a relaxed European saddle where I'm expected to support myself, and a Western saddle can even kind of chafe! From what I understand, Western saddles were more meant for long days of riding and working, and thus were meant to provide that extra stability - and that horn, for tying lead ropes and reins off to - by default, while European style saddles go back to when we didn't even have stirrups and it was on us to stay in the saddle Or Else. Consider what saddle would suit your needs or that of your fictional character!

On which note - the measurement I was taught is that when your feet are out of your stirrups the stirrup base should clonk your ankles. This is so you can keep the stirrup on the ball of your foot and tilt your heel down. I know that seems like it'll slip off at the drop of a hat, it took me actual years of regular riding to get fully used to it, but once you find that sweet spot it will become automatic. Consider if your character would be used to it or would still be awkward about it and be dealing with stirrup slippage.

Some people learn to ride without stirrups. For example the Horse Guard (aka Household Cavalry) in the UK are expected to train without stirrups. While it's definitely more comfortable when you do have a saddle, if you're doing this in a European saddle you will still feel like you're gonna slip off, especially when rounding corners. However, like most riding, this will significantly improve your core strength, your ability to stay on your horse with or without stirrups, and your general ability to move in tandem with the horse. Trying to do rising or sit trot without stirrups can be the bounciest gait known to man, though. Also yes you can do a rising trot without stirrups because, fun fact, you are rising from your knees. Not your feet. This is why the stirrup is on the ball of your foot and your heel is down. Your knees are the last point of connection between you and your horse, your heel should only touch their side - or move - if you're nudging the horse forward or indicating direction.

Tack needs to be cleaned! Bits especially are prone to getting covered in grassy gunk, because all of the horses I learned to ride on loved trying to steal a snacky mouthful anytime we rode out. Leather also needs to be cleaned and oiled, and while in my experiences horses don't smell bad (even horse sweat smells kind of like grass to me?) the tack can build up gunk and smell, and needs cleaning just like clothes do. Additionally, as well as a saddle and bridle, some horses may have something called a Martingale, which attaches between the bridle and the saddle. This is usually used on more "forward-going" horses (speedy, eager to Zoom horses) to help keep their heads down and pace slower.

If you're going on hard roads, your horses should be shod. A horse shoe is called that for a reason! You do not want to be walking on hard paved or gravel roads with bare feet - it hurts! And for horses, their hooves are basically their tippy-toes, so they're already at a disadvantage. Additionally, hooves are also basically keratin - nails - and they do wear. If you have a horse going unshod on paved roads it can and will damage their hooves. A horseshoe is to help limit this. Some places only shoe fore-hooves, whereas others shoe all four. The person who shoes a horse is a specific kind of blacksmith called a farrier.

Horses should not go faster than a trot on a hard road. As aforementioned they are on tippytoes due to the structure of their legs! This means running on hard surfaces can be really, really jarring on their legs and it is generally advised you should not go faster than a trot on paved or hard (dry-dirt, for example) roads. While you can, this should never be done for any length of time. Some horses are better equipped for hard surfaces than others (Icelandic ponies, for example, go running around on volcanic rock, moss and lichen) but just because a horse can doesn't mean you should.

On the note of Icelandic ponies Some horses have an additional pace known as the Tölt. Don't ask me to explain the specifics of how it works, but it's at a similar speed to a trot just...different sets of legs moving in sync. On a smooth-gaited horse it can be like sitting on a rocking horse - and you do sit, you don't rise, like with a trot! On a bouncy-gaited horse it can be like a slightly smoother sit-trot. I know Icelandic horses have this gait, and I believe a few other breeds can do it or something very similar as well. It is a fantastic ground-eating pace; the horses can keep this going for ages.

Some people like to say that "The horse does all the work." I would like to emphasise here what OP said above: While good riders look like they're barely moving at all, that's only because they're good riders. They know how to move so seamlessly with the horse, feeling their movements like their own, that they can compensate with their legs and waists to not bounce out of the saddle altogether or slide off to one side. I guarantee if you ride a horse longer than 30 minutes for the first time, your legs alone will barely work and feel like rubber. If you do horse riding on a regular basis, you will have good core strength as a matter of pure necessity. You know that post that talks about the tiny micro-adjustments you have to do to stay upright/still/comfy on a train or in a car? Think about what it takes to do that on a living, breathing, fidgeting, independently minded animal. You also - at least in European style riding, in my experience - tend to gain good posture, again as a matter of necessity. Your heels must be pointed down, there should be a straight line between your shoulders and your hips and while your legs bend, the ankles should (at least as I was taught) be the next stop on that imaginary line. Your arms have to be kept bent so there's no slack on the reins - this is called "contact" because the horse needs to feel that you're there, present, and paying attention. Any movement in your shoulders will be conveyed down the reins to the horse, and it can give the horse mixed messages, tell them to turn to look at what you're looking at when you want them to go the other way, etc.. The general advice I was given was look where you want the horse to go because usually your shoulders go that way too. You will eventually learn to turn your head without turning your shoulders, but never take it for granted when riding.

Relatedly the best riding advice I was ever given was by an instructor when I went riding in America. She said to us all "shoulders like a princess, hips like a whore" and she was right. Your hips should be moving with the horse and your shoulders should move not an inch. (Yes, if you want your horse riding character to be great at Teh Secks because of their horse-riding-granted core strength, that would be plausible.) Horses can take verbal direction, carriage horses may even prefer it at times, but to avoid mixed messages, you should have good posture.

You can ride with one hand on the reins and one on your leg, you can even drop your reins, but the horse will probably take advantage of the inattention. Like OP said above, horses have minds of their own and if you're not paying attention they will go do what they want. If you build a rapport with the horse, or it's a chill, relaxed horse, you can get away with one hand on the reins, one gesticulating as you talk to someone you're riding with. Likewise if you're a skilled rider, it'll be easier. Inexperienced riders should not do this, because at least with the cheeky riding school horses I learned on they will decide "Ooh I want to go over there". Oh Jigsaw. You can also drop reins if you're very confident in your ability to steer with your legs, but you should never just do that, it does take training and practice to direct a horse with only your legs, and a biddable horse which knows you well really, really helps. Consider that characters who ride with one hand on their reins or who drop their reins would likely have real trust in their horse and their riding skills.

Similarly, learning on a difficult, tricksy, stubborn horse, will teach you SO MUCH. While some people do very much prefer a more easy-going horse (and horses with an easy-going nature are often more popular at riding schools for that reason), you learn to pay attention and how to handle more tricky things if you have to deal with them more often. Personally I liked it when I was put on the horses that no longer gave a fuck because I had to put more work in, but if you're just there to relax (or if it was early morning and I was not awake yet) a more relaxed horse may be better. Historically nobles could afford more relaxed, even-tempered and biddable horses, which would make learning to ride easier and safer... but it can also mean that the noble in question might not be prepared for a more stubborn-minded horse.

Similarly some horses get spooked at the damndest things. Sometimes it's a plastic bag. Sometimes it's a wierdly shaped branch. I knew one horse that flat refused to go over a bridge until I got off, the instructor got on, and after MUCH effort, Brumby finally crossed the bridge. The instructor did not know what the issue was and Brumby was fine with the bridge going the other way! All the other horses which went before Brumby didn't even care! It's the prey-animal instincts. At the end of the day, a rider needs to be confident and calm so the horses can stay confident and calm. If the rider panics, the horses will think something is wrong. If the rider stays calm, the horses which know and like said rider will go "Oh. Human is chill. Follow human's lead, it will be fine."

You can keep on riding even as you get older. I know a septuagenarian who goes riding every other week. She's insane and brilliant and I love her, and any time someone asks why she still rides at her age her response is "it keeps me limber!" Just as doing yoga or going for a jog can help you keep fit as you get older, so too can horse riding. Yes, your elderly character may be a stunningly confident equestrian.

Hopefully the additional assorted info helps someone?

Horses: Since There Seems To Be A Knowledge Gap

I'm going to go ahead and preface this with: I comment pretty regularly on clips and photos featuring horses and horseback riding, often answering questions or providing explanations for how or why certain things are done. I was a stable hand and barrel racer growing up, and during my 11 year tenure on tumblr, Professional Horse Commentary is a very niche, yet very necessary, subject that needs filling. Here are some of the literary and creative gaps I've noticed in well meaning (and very good!) creators trying to portray horses and riding realistically that... well, most of you don't seem to even be aware of, because you wouldn't know unless you worked with horses directly!

Some Of The Most Common Horse + Riding Mistakes I See:

-Anybody can ride any horse if you hold on tight enough/have ridden once before.

Nope. No, no, no, no, aaaaaaaand, no. Horseback riding has, historically, been treated as a life skill taught from surprisingly young ages. It wasn't unusual in the pre-vehicular eras to start teaching children as young as 4 to begin to ride, because horses don't come with airbags, and every horse is different. For most adults, it can take months or years of regular lessons to learn to ride well in the saddle, and that's just riding; not working or practicing a sport.

Furthermore, horses often reject riders they don't know. Unless a horse has been trained like a teaching horse, which is taught to tolerate riders of all skill and experience levels, it will take extreme issue with having some random person try to climb on their back. Royalty, nobility, and the knighted classes are commonly associated with the "having a favorite special horse" trope, because it's true! Just like you can have a particularly special bond with a pet or service animal that verges on parental, the same can apply with horses. Happy horses love their owners/riders, and will straight-up do their best to murder anyone that tries to ride them without permission.

-Horses are stupid/have no personality.

There isn't a more dangerous assumption to make than assuming a horse is stupid. Every horse has a unique personality, with traits that can be consistent between breeds (again, like cat and dog breeds often have distinct behavior traits associated with them), but those traits manifest differently from animal to animal.

My mother had an Arabian horse, Zipper, that hated being kicked as a signal to gallop. One day, her mom and stepdad had a particularly unpleasant visitor; an older gentleman that insisted on riding Zipper, but refused to listen to my mother's warnings never to kick him. "Kicking" constitutes hitting the horse's side(s) with your heels, whether you have spurs on or not. Most horses only need a gentle squeeze to know what you want them to do.

Anyway, Zipper made eye-contact with my mom, asking for permission. He understood what she meant when she nodded at him. He proceeded to give this asshole of a rider road rash on the side of the paddock fence and sent him to the emergency room. He wouldn't have done it if he didn't have the permission from the rider he respected, and was intelligent enough to ask, "mind if I teach this guy a lesson?" with his eyes, and understand, "Go for it, buddy," from my mom in return.

-Riding bareback is possible to do if you hold onto the horse's mane really tight.

Riding a horse bareback (with no saddle, stirrups, or traditional harness around the horse's head) is unbelievably difficult to learn, particularly have testicles and value keeping them. Even professional riders and equestrians find ourselves relying on tack (the stuff you put on a horse to ride it) to stay stable on our horses, even if we've been riding that particular horse for years and have a very positive, trusting relationship.

Horses sweat like people do. The more they run, the more their hair saturates with sweat and makes staying seated on them slippery. Hell, an overworked horse can sweat so heavily that the saddle slips off its back. It's also essential to brush and bathe a horse before it's ridden in order to keep it healthier, so their hair is often quite slick from either being very clean or very damp. In order to ride like that, you have to develop the ability to synchronize your entire body's rhythm's with the rhythm of the horse's body beneath you, and quite literally move as one. Without stirrups, most people can't do it, and some people can never master bareback riding no matter how many years they spend trying to learn.

-You can be distracted and make casual conversation while a horse is standing untethered in the middle of a barn or field.

At every barn I've ever worked at, it's been standard practice with every single horse, regardless of age or temperament, to secure their heads while they're being tacked up or tacked down. The secures for doing this are simple ropes with clips that are designed to attach to the horse's halter (the headwear for a horse that isn't being ridden; they have no bit that goes in the horse's mouth, and no reins for a rider to hold) on metal O rings on either side of the horse's head. This is not distressing to the horse, because we give them plenty of slack to turn their heads and look around comfortably.

The problem with trying to tack up an unrestrained horse while chatting with fellow stable hands or riders is that horses know when you're distracted! And they often try to get away with stuff when they know you're not looking! In a barn, a horse often knows where the food is stored, and will often try to tiptoe off to sneak into the feed room.

Horses that get into the feed room are often at a high risk of dying. While extremely intelligent, they don't have the ability to throw up, and they don't have the ability to tell that their stomach is full and should stop eating. Allowing a horse into a feed/grain room WILL allow it to eat itself to death.

Other common woes stable hands and riders deal with when trying to handle a horse with an unrestrained head is getting bitten! Horses express affection between members of their own herd, and those they consider friends and family, through nibbling and surprisingly rough biting. It's not called "horseplay" for nothing, because during my years working with horses out in the pasture, it wasn't uncommon at all for me to find individuals with bloody bite marks on their withers (that high part on the middle of the back of their shoulders most people instinctively reach for when they try to get up), and on their backsides. I've been love-bitten by horses before, and while flattering, they hurt like hell on fleshy human skin.

So, for the safety of the horse, and everybody else, always make a show of somehow controlling the animal's head when hands-on and on the ground with them.

-Big Horse = War Horse

Startlingly, the opposite is usually the case! Draft and carriage horses, like Percherons and Friesians, were never meant to be used in warfare. Draft horses are usually bred to be extremely even-tempered, hard to spook, and trustworthy around small children and animals. Historically, they're the tractors of the farm if you could afford to upgrade from oxen, and were never built to be fast or agile in a battlefield situation.

More importantly, just because a horse is imposing and huge doesn't make it a good candidate for carrying heavy weights. A real thing that I had to be part of enforcing when I worked at a teaching ranch was a weight limit. Yeah, it felt shitty to tell people they couldn't ride because we didn't have any horses strong enough to carry them due to their weight, but it's a matter of the animal's safety. A big/tall/chonky horse is more likely to be built to pull heavy loads, but not carry them flat on their spines. Horses' muscular power is predominantly in their ability to run and pull things, and too heavy a rider can literally break a horse's spine and force us to euthanize it.

Some of the best war horses out there are from the "hot blood" family. Hot blooded horses are often from dry, hot, arid climates, are very small and slight (such as Arabian horses), and are notoriously fickle and flighty. They're also a lot more likely to paw/bite/kick when spooked, and have even sometimes been historically trained to fight alongside their rider if their rider is dismounted in combat; kicking and rearing to keep other soldiers at a distance.

-Any horse can be ridden if it likes you enough.

Just like it can take a lifetime to learn to ride easily, it can take a lifetime of training for a horse to comfortably take to being ridden or taking part in a job, like pulling a carriage. Much like service animals, horses are typically trained from extremely young ages to be reared into the job that's given to them, and an adult horse with no experience carrying a rider is going to be just as scared as a rider who's never actually ridden a horse.

Just as well, the process of tacking up a horse isn't always the most comfortable experience for the horse. To keep the saddle centered on the horse's back when moving at rough or fast paces, it's essential to tighten the belly strap (cinch) of the saddle as tightly as possible around the horse's belly. For the horse, it's like wearing a tight corset, chafes, and even leaves indents in their skin afterward that they love having rinsed with water and scratched. Some horses will learn to inflate their bellies while you're tightening the cinch so you can't get it as tight as it needs to be, and then exhale when they think you're done tightening it.

When you're working with a horse wearing a bridle, especially one with a bit, it can be a shocking sensory experience to a horse that's never used a bit before. While they lack a set of teeth naturally, so the bit doesn't actually hurt them, imagine having a metal rod shoved in your mouth horizontally! Unless you understand why it's important for the person you care about not dying, you'd be pretty pissed about having to keep it in there!

-Horseback riding isn't exercise.

If you're not using every muscle in your body to ride with, you're not doing it right.

Riding requires every ounce of muscle control you have in your entire body - although this doesn't mean it wasn't realistic for people with fat bodies to stay their weight while also being avid riders; it doesn't mean the muscles aren't there. To stay on the horse, you need to learn how it feels when it moves at different gaits (walk, trot, canter, gallop), how to instruct it to switch leads (dominant legs; essential for precise turning and ease of communication between you and the horse), and not falling off. While good riders look like they're barely moving at all, that's only because they're good riders. They know how to move so seamlessly with the horse, feeling their movements like their own, that they can compensate with their legs and waists to not bounce out of the saddle altogether or slide off to one side. I guarantee if you ride a horse longer than 30 minutes for the first time, your legs alone will barely work and feel like rubber.

-Horses aren't affectionate.

Horses are extraordinarily affectionate toward the right people. As prey animals, they're usually wary of people they don't know, or have only recently met. They also - again, like service animals - have a "work mode" and a "casual mode" depending upon what they're doing at the time. Horses will give kisses like puppies, wiggle their upper lips on your hair/arms to groom you, lean into neck-hugs, and even cuddle in their pasture or stall if it's time to nap and you join them by leaning against their sides. If they see you coming up from afar and are excited to see you, they'll whinny and squeal while galloping to meet you at the gate. They'll deliberately swat you with their tails to tease you, and will often follow you around the pasture if they're allowed to regardless of what you're up to.

-Riding crops are cruel.

Only cruel people use riding crops to hurt their horses. Spurs? I personally object to, because any horse that knows you well doesn't need something sharp jabbing them in the side for emphasis when you're trying to tell them where you want them to go. Crops? Are genuinely harmless tools used for signalling a horse.

I mean, think about it. Why would crops be inherently cruel instruments if you need to trust a horse not to be afraid of you and throw you off when you're riding it?

Crops are best used just to lightly tap on the left or right flank of the horse, and aren't universally used with all forms of riding. You'll mainly see crops used with English riding, and they're just tools for communicating with the horse without needing to speak.

-There's only one way to ride a horse.

Not. At. All. At most teaching ranches, you'll get two options: Western, or English, because they tend to be the most popular for shows and also the most common to find equipment for. English riding uses a thinner, smaller saddle, narrower stirrups, and much thinner bridles. I, personally, didn't like English style riding because I never felt very stable in such a thin saddle with such small stirrups, and didn't start learning until my mid teens. English style riding tends to focus more on your posture and deportment in the saddle, and your ability to show off your stability and apparent immovability on the horse. It was generally just a bit too stiff and formal for me.

Western style riding utilizes heavier bridles, bigger saddles (with the iconic horn on the front), and broader stirrups. Like its name may suggest, Western riding is more about figuring out how to be steady in the saddle while going fast and being mobile with your upper body. Western style riding is generally the style preferred for working-type shows, such as horseback archery, gunning, barrel racing, and even rodeo riding.

-Wealthy horse owners have no relationship with their horses.

This is loosely untrue, but I've seen cases where it is. Basically, horses need to feel like they're working for someone that matters to them in order to behave well with a rider and not get impatient or bored. While it's common for people to board horses at off-property ranches (boarding ranches) for cost and space purposes, it's been historically the truth that having help is usually necessary with horses at some point. What matters is who spends the most time with the animal treating it like a living being, rather than a mode of transport or a tool. There's no harm in stable hands handling the daily upkeep; hay bales and water buckets are heavy, and we're there to profit off the labor you don't want or have the time to do. You get up early to go to work; we get up early to look after your horses. Good owners/boarders visit often and spend as much of their spare time as they can with spending quality work and playtime with their horses. Otherwise, the horses look to the stable hands for emotional support and care.

So, maybe you're writing a knight that doesn't really care much for looking after his horse, but his squire is really dedicated to keeping up with it? There's a better chance of the horse having a more affectionate relationship with the squire thanks to the time the squire spends on looking after it, while the horse is more likely to tolerate the knight that owns it as being a source of discipline if it misbehaves. That doesn't mean the knight is its favorite person. When it comes to horses, their love must be earned, and you can only earn it by spending time with them hands-on.

-Horses can graze anywhere without concern.

This is a mistake that results in a lot of premature deaths! A big part of the cost of owning a horse - even before you buy one - is having the property that will be its pasture assessed for poisonous plants, and having those plants removed from being within the animal's reach. This is an essential part of farm upkeep every year, because horses really can't tell what's toxic and what isn't. One of the reasons it's essential to secure a horse when you aren't riding it is to ensure it only has a very limited range to graze on, and it's your responsibility as the owner/rider to know how to identify dangerous plants and keep your horses away from them.

There's probably more. AMA in my askbox if you have any questions, but that's all for now. Happy writing.