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vijaykurane · 4 years ago

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Automated Barriers And Bollards Market Analysis, Growth rate, Global Trends, Price and Forecasts to 2027

Industry Analysis of the Automated Barriers And Bollards Market Report 2020-2027

Global Automated Barriers And Bollards market has been leaning towards the growth curve and contributing to the global economic scenario on the basis of growth rate and revenue. The Global Automated Barriers And Bollards Market research report provides a detailed explanation to the reader about the fundamentals of the Automated Barriers And Bollards market, which is inclusive of the business strategies, market demands, key players, and a futuristic outlook of the market.

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The substantial growth of the Automated Barriers And Bollards market over the last decade and the current trends and demands point towards its growth in the forecast period (2020-2027). The report covers all the investment opportunities, market dynamics, threats, opportunities, challenges, restraining factors, and technological advancements in the global Automated Barriers And Bollards market. The cumulative information about crucial segments provides a thorough analysis to the reader that might assist them in achieving expected goals for their business.

Major Players evaluated in the Report:

Automatic Systems, Avon Barrier Corporation Ltd, CAME S.p.A, Houston System Inc., LA BARRIRE AUTOMATIQUE, MACS Automated Bollard Systems, Magnetic Autocontrol GmbH, Nice S.p.A, Omnitec Group, and RIB Srl, among others.

Market Segmentation based on Product Types:

Push Button

Remote Controlled

RFID Tags Reader

Loop Detectors

Others

Market Segmentation based on Applications/End-Use:

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

Market Analysis based on Key Geographical Regions:

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Focal Points of the Report:

Market Coverage: This section of the report gives a detailed account of the key manufacturers, market segments, product scope, product range, forecast period, and application landscape.

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Have a Look at Related Market Insights:

Laminate Flooring Market Size, Share & Global Industry Demand, Outlook By Type, By Technology, By Product, By Application, End User and Regional Forecast, 2020-2027

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#Automated Barriers And Bollards Market

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publicagency · 7 years ago

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Speak Here

Speak Here: The Spa, the Station, the Space in-between

The Spa

A sharp right turn and I depart from the rows of tightly stitched houses into a valley of beige towers and parkland. The pavement switches from grey stone to yellow brick. A line of hedges rises to my waist, cordoning pedestrians away from vehicles. Bollards, bars, and bumps collaborate to narrow the cars to one lane. This bend from The Avenue onto Willam Road leads downhill from an integrated urban fabric to a stark modernist plain. This is the boundary between the private dwellings of Tottenham and the housing estate of Broadwater Farms, known by its residents as ‘The Farm.’ Built in 1967, this complex houses an estimated 3,800 people in a cohort of residential towers and low-rise blocks. The buildings balance on concrete stilts, straddling a hollow ground floor of dimly-lit, desolate parking lots. The excess parking is evidence of an imagined middle class lifestyle, which contrasts from the realities of the low-income families and pensioners who live here. This spatial miscalculation has been adapted by residents as a covered short cut between buildings and a shelter from the rain. I spot a group of teenage boys standing in an empty parking space. They have their hoods up, perhaps to gain privacy from the security cameras perched on nearby lampposts.

I pass two small playgrounds and a grassy courtyard with benches – all are empty. Signs direct me to the enterprise office, community centre, and health clinic, all three of which are closed on this Saturday afternoon. As I follow the curve of Willam Road, I notice a bus stop and directly opposite, a long barn-like building. The drawn blinds and metal doors make it difficult to decipher the interiors. In one window sits an electric “Nail Spa” sign beside a pair of plastic hands, each nail modeling a different colour. I knock on the door and am greeted by a buzzing group of women and girls. The salon owner, Dionne is attaching fake eyelashes to a client, her friend Tony is standing by the microwave heating up a soup, and two young girls are waiting for their mother to return from her errands.

Dionne invites me to take a seat by the girls. I introduce myself and explain that I am researching the march to the local police station in response to Mark Duggan’s death this past August. Tony expresses disdain for the journalists who have been lurking around The Farm, probing for details of the violence and is eager to recount the overlooked peaceful events. Both Tony and Dionne were friends of Mark, and they helped organize the march from The Farm, gathering people in one of the main courtyards make signs and begin the walk (See Fig. 1). They were confident that the police were expecting them as they believe that the Farm is consistently monitored. Tony points to the lamppost across the street, ‘See that camera? The police can see us right now.’ Over the past thirty years, they have lived with a heavy police presence that shapes the narrative of The Farm, witnessing episodes of violence and participating in demonstrations. The women did not premeditate the route, but rather followed their usual path to the High Road. To command attention, they walked down the middle of the road, and upon arriving at the station, blocked vehicles from passing. After several hours of waiting, their demand for a high level officer to speak with Mark’s family members was unmet. Crowds amassed and latecomers set off the violence.

As we talk, chairs are reconfigured as visitors come and go and beauty services shift, the teenage boys I had seen earlier peer in to say hello, and a young woman drops off flyers for her church party (See Figs. 4 and 7). As the only semi-public, hang-out space open on this Saturday afternoon, this small room takes on multiple roles: it becomes a place for people to stop by for a visit, to share food, to publicize events.8 An hour passes, and I leave with the mother who returns to retrieve her girls. They offer to lead me along the same path as they marched to the police station. It is a twenty minute walk that winds up and down narrow residential corridors, avoiding the four-lane, fast- moving traffic of Bruce Grove (See Fig. 6). As we turn off The Avenue onto Sperling Road, we pass a corner with a fish and chips shop and a mini-market, where they stop to buy snacks. We make quick turns down Moorefield and onto St. Loy’s, landing on High Road, half a block north from the station. Along our walk, the built forms and ensuing street life does not seem relatable to the spatial lexicon of The Farm. There are no swaths of unused or empty spaces. Shoulder to shoulder two-storey homes offer ‘eyes on the street’ to the houses they face and the many people walking by (Jacobs 1972). Illuminated corner shops with large glass storefronts and displays that spread onto the sidewalk offer a clear sightline to the activity inside and blur the border between the commercial and the public realms. This walk to the high street frames the Estates as a sealed enclave, with a distinct spatial language not in dialogue with the surrounding area.

The Station

With my back to the police station, I can see identical billboards: one is across the High Road, perched on a roof; the other on eye-level, pinned to the side of small brick building on the corner with Chestnut Road. They feature a close-up photograph of melting margarine in a landscape of green beans, paired with the invitation to ‘go for it.’ The High Road is the commercial vein of Tottenham, the area most devastated by the riots. On either side of the station, the streetscape is pockmarked with storefronts shuttered with plywood, while an assortment of 99p stores, betting agencies and mini- marts are open for business. In this context, the dual margarine ads seem insensitive to the recent physical and economic loss. Lampposts lining the road are dressed with ‘I Heart Tottenham’ flags, part of the local council’s campaign to restore “community, consumer and investor confidence.” I turn around to face the station’s solid, 4-storey red brick mass. Security cameras line the facade and closed beige blinds, similar to those lining the Broadwater Estates shops, belie which parts of the station are currently in use. The building wears a skirt of iron fencing at the street level, with dust ruffle of grey metal grates that block access to its basement. Over the front door, a loose metal gate hangs over the glass like a suspicious eyelid. Upon entering the station, I take a seat on a chair that is attached to the wall. There are two men waiting ahead of me, one lingers by the phone booth in the far corner and the other is seated beside me. The waiting room has a similar footprint as Dionne’s spa, but lacks opportunities for eye contact between strangers (Figure 5). The layout’s control logic and sparse furnishings favor efficacy over intimacy. I face a blank wall, while to my right, a mother and teenage daughter make sobbing pleas to the officer through a plexiglass panel. The young officer explains he cannot take any action, and advises her to consult a private debt collector. As I try to avoid their crying faces, my attention turns to a single stale chip in the windowsill next to me. The bright fluorescent lights overhead and security cameras in all corners do not make for an appetizing place to eat a meal. When my turn arrives, I step up to the counter and speak through a small metal speaker. I ask if I can meet with a Safer Neighborhoods liaison for the Broadwater Estates. While the officer retreats to consult his colleagues, I notice that there is a large sticker branding our communication interface. It reads:

‘SPEAK HERE Sonic Windows Communication Hygiene Security

TEL: (01424) 223864’

The label embodies a modernist design ethos of order through separation, and person- to-person exchange as potentially harmful. When the officer returns, he slips me a memo paper with the address of the Tottenham Station secretary and instructs me to write a letter. She will then pass my request to the appropriate department (See Fig. 9). In this public reception area, both publicness and privacy are in short supply: the space for communication is confined to a sterile metal circle in earshot of others and a prescription size piece of paper is the invitation to speak further.

The Space In Between

Public space can offer a gradient of openness and intimacy. Setback from the total exposure of the street, the spa and the station function as semi-public rooms in response to everyday needs for social exchange and claims of citizenship. In ‘The Public Realm,’ Richard Sennett forwards a concept of closed and open systems that shape built form. He argues that closed systems although ‘harmonious,’ are stagnant and irresponsive to patterns of use. Whereas open systems are ‘incomplete’ and ‘unstable,’ and can lend themselves to adaptation over time (Sennett 2008). Inherent in the open system is the possibility for a conversation between spatial form and individual use: a mutuality that circumvents structures from becoming irrelevant and posits public space as a conduit for expression, exchange and change.

In the march to the police station, women and children appropriated the street as a public communication line, exposing layers of irresponsive systems in built and social form. Learning from this spontaneous appropriation of space between the spa and the station, it becomes evident that a public realm rooted in an open systems approach is needed to offer a more generous invitation to ‘speak here.’ A way to mitigate the hard boundary between the neighborhood and the Estates, the street as a potent form of public space and ‘cityness’ (Sassen 2005). Could a mediating line of communication along this path expand transparency, communication and offer a public form ‘made‘ by its users (Sassen, 2005)?

References

De Sola-Morales, M. (2011) ‘The Impossible Project of Public Space’, In Favour of Public Space: Ten years of the European Prize for Urban Public Space, Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona and ACTAR: Barcelona.

Broadwater Farm Exhibition: Heroes and Homemakers, viewed 20 October, 2011, <http:// www.broadwaterfarm.info>.

Hall, S. (2001) ‘To Economise and to Localise: Austerity and a real life view of the Bankside Urban Forest Project’, unpublished conference paper submitted to the Economy Conference, Wales School of Architecture, 6-8 July.

Haringey Council, viewed 25 October, 2011, <http://www.haringey.gov.uk/index>. Jacobs, J. (1972). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Harmandswoth: Penguin. Lefebvre, H. (1984) The Right to the City Oxford: Blackwell.

Lewis, P. (2011) ‘Tottenham riots: a peaceful protest, then suddenly all hell broke loose’, The Guardian 7 August, viewed 3 November, 2011, http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/aug/07/ tottenham-riots-peaceful-protest.

Low, I. (2011) ‘Elemental Chile: Alejandro Aravena and the South African Experience’, in Architecture South Africa, Jan/Feb.

‘Moving On: Building a Better Future for Haringey’, Haringey People (October-November 2011), p. 16.

Sassen, S (2005) ‘Cityness in an Urban Age’, Urban Age, Bulletin 2 Autumn, viewed 3 November, 2011, http://urban-age.net/0_downloads/archive/Saskia_Sassen_2005- Cityness_In_The_Urban_Age-Bulletin2.pdf.

Scott, S. (2011) ‘The voices of Tottenham are being marginalised’, The Guardian 16 October, viewed 20 October, 2011, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/oct/16/voices- tottenham-marginalised.

Scott, S. (2011) ‘If the rioting was a surprise, people weren't looking’, The Guardian 8 August, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/aug/08/tottenham-riots-not-unexpected.

Sennett, R. (2008) The Public Realm, unpublished paper for QUANT.

Space Syntax Limited (2011) ‘First Findings: 2011 London Riots location analysis, Proximity to town centres and large post-war housing estates,’ 15 September, viewed 25 October 2011, http://spacesyntaxnetwork.files.wordpress.com/2011/09 ssx_2011_london_riots_20110922.pdf.

1 Broadwater Estates is built on a river basin of reclaimed agricultural lands. To avoid potential flooding, the residences hover one-storey above the ground, leaving a layer of dank, empty space at the street level. In a Google street map of the area, Broadwater Estates is a grey void – no streets bisect this mass of city, its footprint is proportionate to nearby parks.

2 Originally built for offices, this structure now houses four small shops, which includes a catering business, a hair salon, a grocer and a hardware store, as well as an arts and crafts workshop that is open on weekdays.

3 Haringey Council

4 Inside the spa, there are thresholds of publicness and privacy. Upon entering, you can take a seat in a row of chairs, where you can watch the manicures and nail drying taking place. More private procedures such as piercing and waxing take place on a bed in the far corner, that can be curtained off for privacy. When not in use, the curtains are drawn and the bed becomes another place to sit or lounge.

5 Mark Duggan was a 29-year-old man who grew up in the Broadwater Farm Estates until the age of 13. Although he did not reside at the Farm as an adult, he was integrated into the social life and was regarded as an “elder,” a well known community figure within the estates.

6 Mark’s family learned of his death from a television newscast, rather than being informed directly by the police. The motivation behind the march was to demand an official acknowledgment by high-ranking police officers of Mark’s death in police custody and to draw attention to the police’s failure to communicate with members of his family before releasing his name to the press.

7 In his article about the demonstration outside the police station, Guardian journalist and Tottenham resident Stafford Scott articulates the frustration of protestors with the police’s lack of open communication: “All we really wanted was an explanation of what was going on. We needed to hear directly from the police. We waited for hours outside the station for a senior officer to speak with the family, in a demonstration led by young women,” (Scott 2011).

8 When I return the following Saturday for a manicure, I am able to talk in more depth to Dionne about the history of her shop and the different community functions her business plays. Dionne rents her shop from the Enterprise Centre of the Haringey Council at a subsidized rate. She hopes to relocate to a bigger space so that she can accommodate the number of visitors she has stopping by each day, in addition to her customers. She explains that the teenage girls like to come site at the shop to learn how to paint nails, to get life advice, and to have a place away from their families to socialize.

9 ‘Moving On: Building a Better Future for Haringey’

10The waiting area perpectuates everyday tragedies due to over-determined, under-considered form. For example, there is nowhere to privately to cry and there is no graceful way in which an officer can hand you a tissue.

11 I returned to the police station three times, I wrote one letter, made two phone calls and in total spoke to four officers. Unfortunately, I was never able to speak with an officer able to address my inquiry about the policing strategy of the Broadwater Estates and any community communication strategies.

12 An example of planned optimism is embodied by the public housing design by Elemental in Santiago, Chile, in which half of the house is built to the highest quality that the budget allows, but the infrastructure and footprint will facilitate improvements and expansion as the inhabitants improve their economic status and their housing needs evolve (Low 2011).

13 An initial report by the Space Syntax Group finds a relationship between areas where riots occurred and proximity to post-war housing estates. The Group specifically correlates the outbreaks of violence to the frustration and isolation caused by the “over-complex, under used spaces” of modernist architecture (Space Syntax Group 2011).

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newstfionline · 5 years ago

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Headlines

2,000 Free Meals a Night, Seasoned by Silicon Valley Chefs (NYT) Andres Pantoja, an up-and-coming Silicon Valley sous chef, spent his pre-pandemic evenings delicately preparing the $115 plate of lamb chops and deboning the $42 Psari Plaki whole fish at a fashionable restaurant here. It is frantic work serving 200 upscale meals a night. His new gig is proving way more chaotic, though—making thousands of free meals that seem priceless to those being served: the gardeners, janitors, construction workers, housekeepers and others who have seen their meager income dwindle further as the coronavirus ravages the economy. Mr. Pantoja has become part of a large-scale effort to help feed the poorest families in a region with one of the nation’s widest income gaps. Call it tech-to-table, a Silicon Valley effort to feed the hungry engineered by a local Boys and Girls Clubs chapter. Two sites serve more than 2,000 free meals a night, one in East Palo Alto, and the other in Redwood City, where Mr. Pantoja runs the show with exuberance.

Booming stock market, terrible economy (Bloomberg) In the three months since isolation measures were first imposed in a belated effort to slow the spread of Covid-19, the world’s largest economy has become a basket case. One quarter of small businesses and two-fifths of restaurants have closed. Some 1 in 4 American workers is out of a job. At least 40 million people have filed for unemployment. And while the virus has devastated almost every economy it’s touched, individual Americans entered the crisis in an especially vulnerable position. The planet’s wealthiest country is renowned for having one of the weakest social safety nets among developed nations. It is home to more than two-fifths of all millionaires but has the highest poverty rate and the widest wealth gap among its peers. Despite a booming stock market (increasingly disconnected from the reality of everyday people) and robust job growth (largely low-paying service jobs) in recent years, more than 38 million Americans scrape by. The causes of U.S. inequality are well known, but they have jumped to the fore now that the nation is transfixed by disease, recession and outrage.

Pentagon-Trump clash breaks open over military and protests (AP) President Donald Trump is not only drawing criticism from his usual political foes but also facing backtalk from his defense secretary, his former Pentagon chief and a growing number of fellow Republicans. A day after Defense Secretary Mark Esper shot down Trump’s idea of using active-duty troops to quell protests across the United States, retired four-star Gen. John Allen joined the chorus of former military leaders going after the president. And Republican Alaska Sen. Lisa Murkowski said Esper’s remarks were “overdue” and she didn’t know if she would support Trump in November. Both Trump and Esper also drew stinging, rare public criticism from Trump’s first defense secretary, Jim Mattis, in the most public pushback of Trump’s presidency from the men he put at the helm of the world’s most powerful military. “We must reject any thinking of our cities as a ‘battlespace’ that our uniformed military is called upon to ‘dominate,’” Mattis wrote, referencing quotes by Esper and Trump respectively. “Militarizing our response, as we witnessed in Washington, D.C., sets up a conflict—a false conflict—between the military and civilian society.”

The vulnerable border wall (Washington Post) U.S. Customs and Border Protection has asked contractors for help making President Trump’s border wall more difficult to climb over and cut through, an acknowledgment that the design currently being installed across hundreds of miles of the U.S.-Mexico boundary remains vulnerable. The president has ceased promoting the $15 billion barrier as “impenetrable” in the months since The Washington Post reported smuggling crews have been sawing through new sections of the structure using inexpensive power tools. Records obtained by The Post via the Freedom of Information Act indicate there were 18 breaches in the San Diego area during a single one-month period last fall. some border crossers have fashioned long, improvised ladders out of cheap metal rebar. More athletic border-jumpers have been seen using rope ladders to climb up the wall, sliding down the other side by gripping the bollards like a fireman’s pole.

Coronavirus Threatens Rural India (Foreign Policy) For two months, epidemiologists and journalists have wondered why countries in South Asia hadn’t recorded more coronavirus cases. But the latest data seems to suggest they haven’t flattened the curve—they’re just behind it. On Thursday, India recorded more than 9,000 new infections, placing it seventh in the list of countries with the most cases. With a growing ratio of tests returning positive, experts estimate India is weeks and maybe even months away from a peak. But predictions remain fuzzy. Perhaps the most concerning news is that migrant workers who left India’s big cities to return to their home states after the hastily announced lockdown on March 24 brought the coronavirus with them. Of the 3,872 new cases recorded after June 1 in the state of Bihar, 71 percent were linked to people who returned in May. A rural outbreak is especially worrying because India’s health care problems—chiefly low numbers of hospital beds, doctors, and nurses—are worst in its villages, which are often remote and where literacy rates tend to be lowest. A rapid spread of the virus in rural areas could be especially difficult to track, let alone contain.

Make it in India (Foreign Policy) India launched a $6.65 billion plan to boost electronics manufacturing this week. New Delhi plans to offer global smartphone makers hefty incentives to manufacture in India—a move that would allow it to compete with China for post-pandemic jobs as companies diversify their supply chains.

Sri Lankan cafe owner feeds and shelters stranded tourists (AP) The tourists came to see the magical waterfalls and mountain views of the lowland jungle and rainforest. But then the pandemic hit, and they were stranded in Sri Lanka. When flights were canceled and the airports shut down, Darshana Ratnayake came to the rescue. Ratnayake, a cafe owner in Ella, a former colonial hill station in Sri Lankan tea country, organized free food and shelter for dozens of stranded tourists. “We were totally blown away,” said Alex Degmetich, a 31-year-old American cruise line entertainment director. “It’s pretty remarkable,” he said. “Coming from Western society, where nothing is really given to us and we have to pay for everything which is fine. But here, locals providing us—tourists—free food and accommodation, is really humbling.”

HK protesters commemorate Tiananmen deaths (NYT) Tens of thousands of people, candles in hand, gathered in a park and other locations across Hong Kong on Thursday to commemorate China’s massacre of pro-democracy protesters in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square 31 years ago, defying the city’s first ban on the vigil, ostensibly declared over the coronavirus pandemic. Shouting pro-democracy slogans, protesters drowned out announcements warning that gatherings of more than eight are illegal in the park and ignored nearby police.

Covid-19 spurs single Japanese to look for love (Economist) Since the pandemic broke out, more Japanese singles have been on the hunt for spouses. Sunmarie, a match-making agency, reported a 30% rise in inquiries in April compared with the year before. Both Sunmarie and o-net, a rival agency, have tried to adapt to the times, offering an online rendezvous service since early April, when the government began curbing gatherings in much of the country. lmo, another firm, offers drive-through meetings, in which singletons can introduce themselves from their cars, in the empty car parks of wedding halls. Cooped up in their homes alone for an extended period, singles are getting lonely—hence the surge in business for match-makers, explains Amano Kanako of nli Research Institute, a think-tank. With covid-19 dominating the news, lonely hearts are also increasingly anxious about the future: they want a partner with whom to face the unknown. “Those who vaguely thought about getting married one day are realising that the time is now,” says Kobayashi Jun of Seikei University. This marks the reversal of a long trend. Marriage has been in decline for decades. More than 1m couples tied the knot each year in the early 1970s, but only 583,000 did last year.

Off the lawn! (Foreign Policy) An Australian man has made global headlines for his response to Prime Minister Scott Morrison’s media appearance outside his house at a new housing development. The homeowner, who has not been identified, came out of his house in Googong, New South Wales, as Morrison was being interviewed to firmly tell the Australian leader and the media scrum to get off his lawn. The outburst may have been due to the political nature of Morrison’s presence, but was more likely the dramatics of a protective gardener. “Hey guys, I’ve just reseeded that,” the man shouted before he closed his front door.

The Taliban’s leader has COVID-19 (Foreign Policy) The supreme leader of the Afghan Taliban, Mullah Haibatullah Akhunzada, is gravely ill with the coronavirus. But things may be more serious. While there has been no official confirmation, Taliban figures in Pakistan say they believe Akhunzada has already died. “Nearly all the Taliban leadership in Doha has the bug,” one official said.

UN says eastern Congo fighting has killed 1,300 civilians (AP) Various conflicts involving armed groups and government forces in Congo have killed more than 1,300 civilians in the past eight months and violence has surged in recent weeks in eastern provinces, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights said Friday. Michelle Bachelet said some incidents may amount to crimes against humanity or war crimes, with armed groups committing massacres and security forces also responsible for grave human rights violations.

#headlines #news

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meadowsland · 7 years ago

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BIM THERE, DONE THAT

BY BRIAN BARTH

One practitioner defies the handicaps of building Information modeling for landscape, determined not to remain an exception.

FROM THE AUGUST 2017 ISSUE OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE.

Meghen Quinn, ASLA, has a secret. BIM—an acronym that puts moonbeams in the eyes of architects, but makes some landscape architects cringe—is her software of choice. BIM, shorthand for building information modeling, is the 3-D, data-rich software platform embodied by Revit, a product launched in 2000 by Charles River Software and acquired by Autodesk two years later. By 2012, 70 percent of architecture firms in North America reported using BIM, and in 2016 the American Institute of Architects reported that BIM was used for nearly 100 percent of projects at large firms.

It seems that so few landscape architects use BIM, however, that no one has ever bothered to collect the data. Its reputation in the field is as a clunky, building-centric, overly complex tool that has put up yet another barrier between landscape designers and architects.

Yet Quinn, who merged her San Francisco practice with the Office of Cheryl Barton in January, is all moonbeams. Well, mostly. “I never want to use CAD again,” she says. “Moving to BIM is like entering a 3-D world from a 2-D world…though the limitations for landscape architects are a bit frustrating.” Despite the software’s limitations, Quinn has used Revit from start to finish for her past several projects: a drought-tolerant landscape at the University of San Francisco and a series of rooftop and courtyard gardens at the University of California, Berkeley, among them.

The advantages are legion. Whereas most landscape architects compose their designs in a combination of plan views, sections, and 2-D details, and must create additional 3-D renderings for illustration purposes, with BIM, everything is modeled in 3-D from the start—a huge aid for envisioning how the design will translate from paper to a park or plaza. Every object in the design is linked to its own database, which might include information such as dimensions, weight, carbon footprint, and cost. As a result, chores such as material takeoffs and scheduling, not to mention revisions, are a breeze.

A perspective rendering of a University of California, Berkeley, residence hall courtyard was modeled and rendered within Revit, except for a final Photoshop overlay of plants. Image courtesy of O|CB.

Another innovation: BIM software is typically cloud-based, allowing all members of a design team to work from a single model that updates in real time. On one recent project, Quinn was designing a bench for a patio space. The architects wanted to site an identical bench inside an adjacent glass wall, with the goal of uniting the interior and exterior spaces by drawing the eye along this seamless line. “I don’t see how we could’ve done that if we weren’t both working in the same platform,” Quinn says. “Every little thing I drew had to be fully coordinated with both the architects and the structural engineer. I think we may have given up on some of those inside–outside elements had we not been able to communicate so effectively.”

BIM is more time consuming up front than 2-D drafting, Quinn says, but as the project progresses, that initial investment more than pays for itself. “It is vastly more efficient. You design in 3-D, and then the program creates the 2-D construction documents more or less automatically. With a 2-D program like AutoCAD, you have to constantly export and import information to a program like SketchUp to do three-dimensional studies. You end up redrawing a lot of things, so it’s like you are doing it twice. In Revit, you just model it once, and then you can cut as many sections and elevations as you want, with basically the click of a button.”

As I’ve reported previously (see “The Limits of BIM,” LAM, February 2016), a number of landscape architecture firms have dabbled in BIM over the past decade, but I’ve struggled to find even one that incorporates it into daily work flow. Before I was introduced to Quinn, I’d found three, worldwide, who were using it on at least some of their projects.

This section is cut from a 3-D model of the topography for a terraced planting at the University of San Francisco. Image courtesy of O|CB.

Besides the steep learning curve to master the tool, and the steep price (a Revit subscription costs $2,000 per year), landscape architects’ chief complaint is that BIM programs are ill-designed for modeling complex topographic surfaces. The other big drawback is that the “I” in BIM—information—isn’t available for landscape components the way it is for architectural features. Almost everything in a building, from piping to flooring to office chairs, now has a library of BIM-compatible data available for it, typically supplied by the manufacturer, which adds untold richness to the “model.” BIM enthusiasts often speak of working not in three, but seven, dimensions: time/scheduling (4); cost/estimation (5); sustainability/energy use (6); and life cycle/facilities management (7).

Without the necessary data, however, these capabilities aren’t much help to landscape architects, who deal more in irrigation, drainage, mulch, and shrubs than in drywall and linoleum. But Quinn has found ways to work around these limitations—and she believes that landscape architecture, as a profession, has no choice but to do the same.

Quinn’s initiation into the cult of BIM began in 2011 when she was working for Sasaki Associates in the company’s San Francisco office. The architects in the interdisciplinary firm had been working exclusively in Revit for several years, and were constantly egging on the landscape architects to “take the plunge,” Quinn says. The ribbing aside, the shift in software preferences was opening a gulf between the two professions, even as they worked side by side on the same project. Sasaki architects had always held the landscape components of a project in great esteem, Quinn says, encouraging their counterparts’ input “on how buildings were sited, and the overall look and feel of the project. But when they became fully committed to Revit, that collaboration started to break apart because they were working on another platform.”

The architects in the office literally began to speak another language—clash rendition (preventing constructability errors), data drop (an information deliverable), federated model (multiple BIM models combined into one)—which further alienated their peers. Quinn’s dread only grew when things started going wrong at job sites. In one instance, the waterproofing lines on a new building didn’t match the landforms designed by the landscape architects in the office because the architects hadn’t properly translated the landscape CAD drawings into the Revit model. The landscape architects ended up having to reconfigure the topography on the fly during construction.

“They stopped looking at our grading plans as much, and were modeling sites very rudimentarily on their own,” Quinn recalls. “That’s when the lightbulb started to go off for me. I don’t want architects designing my scope. I want to have a seat at the table and be a collaborative design partner. So I started using Revit.”

Fortunately, she had plenty of architects around to teach her. Landscape architects have long clamored for a SIM (site information modeling) or LIM (landscape information modeling) tool, but Quinn has found she can co-opt the building-based tools of Revit for landscape purposes. The “floor” tool, she says, works just fine for designing the biofiltration planters that are a signature feature in her work. California regulations require on-site treatment of all stormwater on sites above a certain size, which, on tight sites, Quinn likes to take care of in raised beds that hold layers of gravel, engineered soil, mulch, reeds, and other water-loving plants. Different jurisdictions in the state have different requirements for the size of gravel, depth of mulch, and other parameters, which she can quickly alter in a Revit model to suit the circumstances.

A section of a podium courtyard for the Berkeley residence hall illustrates coordination of landscape, architectural, and structural elements in BIM modeling. Image courtesy of O|CB.

“Architecturally, a floor assembly might include things like decking, joists, carpet, some kind of subfloor,” Quinn explains. “The floor feature that comes out of the box with Revit allows you to have all those layers, each with its own dimensions and materiality, and gives you the ability to apply rendering treatments to them. It’s perfect for biofiltration planters—you might have three inches of mulch over 18 inches of soil mix over 12 inches of drain rock, and you can use the floor tool to make those layers. Then you just draw the planter, set the elevations that you want the top of your soil to be, and the program turns it into a 3-D model.”

BIM is most applicable, and easiest to adapt, on landscape projects that are highly integrated with a building, Quinn says. Laying out the hills, dales, and undulating pathways of a park are trickier, but not impossible. Revit’s three-dimensional surface modeling tools are quite elementary, so she recommends modeling complex, organically shaped features in Rhino, a program with files that are readily imported into Revit models.

Quinn reports that BIM data is increasingly available for certain landscape components, such as light fixtures, benches, bollards, and other manufactured site furnishings. For everything else, especially in the plant department, she’s slowly building her own data libraries. “In the early days of Revit, architects did the same thing,” she says. “They would build data sets for whatever they happened to need on a project and then put it out on the Internet for others to use. Then the suppliers jumped on board and started doing it themselves. So I’m convinced that landscape architects can take this on. Sometimes you just have to get creative and improvise.”

This Revit screen capture shows the data held in the model for a planting of giant chainfern (Woodwardia fimbriata). This feature facilitates planting callouts and quantity. Image courtesy of O|CB.

When Sasaki closed its San Francisco office in early 2012, Quinn decided to begin practicing on her own. She figured her BIM chops would be one way to set herself apart and “build a reputation.” They have definitely drawn the attention of the architects who have hired her as a subcontractor in recent years.

Jeffrey Galbraith, an associate architect at Solomon Cordwell Buenz who collaborated with Quinn on the Bancroft Residence Hall, a 775-bed dorm currently under construction at UC Berkeley, says she’s the only landscape architect he’s worked with who is fluent in BIM. One of the more complex features of the site is a pair of terraces off the second and third floors, where landscape features climb over and around an armature of sloped and stepped rooflines and appear as extensions of interior elements, visible through large glazed surfaces.

“It’s a design that couldn’t really be conceived of just in plan, because you’re dealing with at least three elevations, and not all things are orthogonal,” Galbraith says. “In this type of project, where the landscape is a part of the building—which seems to be becoming more and more common—a BIM model allows you to take the design further, to really understand how the landscape features meet and relate to the architectural and structural components, so they can marry and become more seamless.”

One reason that the construction industry has tilted wholesale toward BIM is that building owners find tremendous value in having a detailed model of every inch of their building postconstruction, an asset when carrying out repairs, maintenance, and renovation, which certainly has its merits in the context of landscape, as well. Increasingly, Galbraith says, RFPs require BIM as the project platform. If the landscape architect works only in CAD, this means the project prime must translate the landscape drawings to the model—not a position either party wants to be in.

Galbraith is surprised that Autodesk hasn’t made more of an effort to cater to landscape architects, given that a central promise of BIM is improved coordination among trades. Plumbing, electrical, mechanical, and structural engineers have all made the switch, he says, noting that civil engineers are the one other holdout. Quinn once contacted Autodesk to offer herself as a guinea pig should the company want to work on any new landscape-oriented BIM tools, an offer it declined. I’ve spoken with other landscape architects who were similarly rebuffed by the company.

Seeking answers, I requested an interview with an Autodesk representative. The company demurred, offering only written responses to my questions instead. Some answers were quite blunt: “What it comes down to is a willingness of landscape architects to embrace disruption and creatively engage with new technologies and work flows.” Others, more of an olive branch: “Landscape architects who want more services or plug-ins for Revit should let us know what they need, and we will explore what the art of the possible is.”

Quinn says she’s never come up against a Revit challenge that she couldn’t resolve by studying the many online forums and tutorials for the BIM community. Autodesk offers two free tutorials on using Revit in landscape architecture, and landarchbim.com offers a 33-part video series on the subject for $230. The Autodesk representative also pointed me to the company’s Site Designer Extension plug-in (previously known as Siteworks), which Quinn says that, despite being “trashed in customer reviews…bridges the gap in Revit’s site design deficiencies by adding more parametric and algorithmic modeling capability to the topographic features. It shows that Autodesk is taking a step in the right direction and investing in site design—but there is a long way to go.”

She’s not complaining, though. Success is the best revenge. In Quinn’s case, she’s too busy figuring out how to make LIM out of BIM to be annoyed by architecture’s dominance with the software industry. “I think it is paramount that landscape architects take this on. Otherwise we’re going to be relegated to planting and irrigation, and that’s not the only scope that I am interested in having.”

Brian Barth is a Toronto-based freelance writer with a background in landscape design and urban planning.

from Landscape Architecture Magazine https://landscapearchitecturemagazine.org/2017/08/15/bim-there-done-that/

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