#blackkettle

[mothdm]

[breakingdelta]

To know is nothing at all, to imagine is everything…. #anatolefrance
#1976 #burymyheartatwoundedknee #creekbend
#halsey #eastside
#blackkettle #graylight
#whiteantelope
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#nousecryinaboutit #captainjacksparrow #shaman
#herestothesanghas #blacklivesmatter #freethemonster
https://www.instagram.com/p/CBUqS9AH6dU/?igshid=1g6xbp3h6pehc

[creatorbubu]

#cusinedemaman #jug #warterjug #whitejug #blackjug #kettle #whitekettle #blackkettle #creatorbubu #korcreatorbubu #lazada #shopee #shopify #globalseller If you tell us the product you want, we will upload it to my store. https://www.instagram.com/p/CQFbVCgn8UN/?utm_medium=tumblr

[kev11lb-blog]

"Why don't you talk and go straight and all will be well?" #BlackKettle #SouthernCheyenneChief (at Southwest Raleigh, Raleigh, North Carolina)

[justsri]

#blackkettle in #englishlanguage or #ceretireng in #javalanguage. Hahaha... #sony #photoshoot #XperiaC3 (at Penang Ferry Terminal)

[euforiamall]

Incaltaminte Femei SOREL Addington Chelsea BlackKettle N/A #euforiamall 👇 👢👢👢 http://ift.tt/2tVmz11 http://ift.tt/2pjyLny

[whencyclopedia]

Custer's Account of the Battle of Washita River

My Life on the Plains or Personal Experiences with Indians (1874) is a full-length narrative by George Armstrong Custer (l. 1839-1876) of his time out west from 1867-1874. The work includes his observations on Native Americans and accounts of the military campaigns he participated in, including the Battle of the Washita/Washita Massacre of 27 November 1868.

Lt. Colonel George Armstrong Custer by Mora

José María Mora (CC BY-NC-SA)

Custer was under orders from General Philip Sheridan (l. 1831-1888) to wage 'total war' against the 'hostiles' of the Plains Indians who refused to surrender their land and move onto reservations, and this entailed killing warriors in battle, hanging males, capturing women and children to hold as hostages, and destroying villages, horses, ponies, and food supplies. The Southern Cheyenne chief Black Kettle (l. c. 1803-1868) had made it clear he sought peace – and was in no way aligned with any 'hostiles' – since 1851 and had signed every peace treaty presented to the Cheyenne by the US government between that year and 1867.

In November 1868, Black Kettle appealed to US authorities to allow him and his people to move to a position of safety near Fort Cobb where they would not be mistaken for 'hostiles', but his request was denied, and he returned to his village on the Washita River in modern-day Oklahoma near the winter encampments of many other Native American nations. Custer was tracking Native American raiding parties when he found Black Kettle's camp – which was further west and somewhat removed from the other villages.

Assuming this camp to be the home of the raiders he was looking for, Custer attacked at dawn on 27 November 1868, killing between 60 and 150 Cheyenne and Arapaho, mainly women, children, the elderly, and infirm or injured. Custer then took 53 women and children prisoner and returned to his base of operations at Camp Supply. His account established the event as a 'battle' but, by January 1869, after other versions of the event had come to light, it was being referred to as a massacre.

Custer's Account

Custer's initial report to Sheridan claimed he had killed 103 warriors, but, when he and Sheridan returned to the site in December 1868, the body count was considerably higher, and the dead were clearly not all warriors. Most of the Cheyenne men were not in camp that morning as they were out hunting or visiting friends and family in the camps downriver. The men who were in camp defended their homes and families from Custer's attack, most likely in the way he describes below, but, contrary to his claims in his initial report and later, there was no large band of 'hostiles' in the camp, and the raiders he had been tracking probably belonged to one of the villages downstream.

Still, his 1868 report, on which the following account is based, established the event as the Battle of the Washita, and even after that interpretation was challenged in 1869, Custer and his supporters continued to insist he had followed the tracks of raiders to Black Kettle's camp and was obeying orders in attacking a hostile stronghold. Native American survivors of the Washita event described it as a massacre, and a letter written by Captain Frederick Benteen (l. 1834-1898), who commanded troops under Custer at the event, strongly suggests the same.

The version of events that appears in Custer's book presents the engagement as a battle between evenly matched forces, and, as Custer attained legendary status after his death at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876, this version of the event gained greater acceptance, and the 1869 challenges to it were forgotten. These objections to the 'battle' interpretation were revived in the mid-20th century, however, and the debate over whether the Washita River event was a battle or a massacre continues today.

The Attack on Black Kettle's Cheyenne Camp

Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper (Public Domain)

Continue reading...

[mothdm]

[priceless]

Yes! Yes! My cafe hopping begins! I love this place!! Strategy: eat light and small to hit more cafes. Oh and lots of walking. . . . . . #soexcited #penang #cafehopping #penangcafehopping #blackkettle (at Black Kettle)

[irexis]

The Sand Creek Massacre (Modified Version of award-winning documentary, The Sand Creek Massacre)