#bioscience

[mau-mao]

Vitiligo vs Fever Coat vs Smoke Color

Some may confuse these three things because of their similar appearances.

This is vitiligo ↑↑↑

They are not born with this condition (if they are, it may be a case of chimerism), it shows up as they age. The white/unpigmented spots will grow and develop all over. Don't worry, it isn't harmful. It's just like human vitiligo!

This is fever coat ↑↑↑

It's a rare condition in which the mama cat undergoes severe stress or an illness that causes a spike in body temperature during pregnancy. Prior to birth, the pigmentation of a kitten's coat is very sensitive to heat. When the kittens are born, you will notice white/frosted tips of fur along the body. Fortunately, this has no negative effect on them. Their original coat color is still written in their DNA and may take from 4 months up to a year to present itself.

This is a smoke pattern ↑↑↑

These cats have black fur with white roots. They are also born this way and keep this marvelous color. For longhair smokes, their mane and any other section where the fur is longer will look white.

[jonreytrevino]

NES - Bio Lab

pixel_dailies : laboratory : restriction - 20px tiles or less : 11/16/23

[gotharachne]

Some pictures and samples from the geology trip I went to yesterday

The little waves in the first picture are approximately 280 million years old from a glacial lake (the third picture shows the walls of the lake)

[dontmeantobepoliticalbut]

The White House has issued new rules aimed at companies that manufacture synthetic DNA after years of warnings that a pathogen made with mail-order genetic material could accidentally or intentionally spark the next pandemic.

The rules, released on April 29, are the result of an executive order signed by President Joe Biden last fall to establish new standards for AI safety and security, including AI applied to biotechnology.

Artificially generated DNA allows researchers to do all sorts of things—develop diagnostic tests, make beneficial enzymes to eat up plastic, or engineer potent antibodies to treat disease—without having to extract natural sequences from organisms. Need to study a rare type of bacteria? Instead of going out into the field to collect a sample, its genetic sequence can simply be ordered from a DNA synthesis company instead.

Synthesizing DNA has been possible for decades, but it’s become increasingly easier, cheaper, and faster to do so in recent years thanks to new technology that can “print” custom gene sequences. Now, dozens of companies around the world make and ship synthetic nucleic acids en masse. And with AI, it’s becoming possible to create entirely new sequences that don’t exist in nature—including those that could pose a threat to humans or other living things.

“The concern has been for some time that as gene synthesis has gotten better and cheaper, and as more companies appear and more technologies streamline the synthesis of nucleic acids, that it is possible to de novo create organisms, particularly viruses,” says Tom Inglesby, an epidemiologist and director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.

It’s conceivable that a bad actor could make a dangerous virus from scratch by ordering its genetic building blocks and assembling them into a whole pathogen. In 2017, Canadian researchers revealed they had reconstructed the extinct horsepox virus for $100,000 using mail-order DNA, raising the possibility that the same could be done for smallpox, a deadly disease that was eradicated in 1980.

The new rules aim to prevent a similar scenario. It asks DNA manufacturers to screen purchase orders to flag so-called sequences of concern and assess customer legitimacy. Sequences of concern are those that contribute to an organism’s toxicity or ability to cause disease. For now, the rules only apply to scientists or companies that receive federal funding: They must order synthetic nucleic acids from providers that implement these practices.

Inglesby says it’s still a “big step forward” since about three-quarters of the US customer base for synthetic DNA are federally funded entities. But it means that scientists or organizations with private sources of funding aren’t beholden to using companies with these screening procedures.

Many DNA providers already follow screening guidelines issued by the Department of Health and Human Services in 2010. About 80 percent of the industry has joined the International Gene Synthesis Consortium, which pledges to vet orders. But these measures are both voluntary, and not all companies comply.

Kevin Flyangolts, founder and CEO of New York–based Aclid, a company that offers screening software to DNA providers, says he’s glad to see the White House taking action. “While the industry has done a pretty good job of putting some protocols in place, it’s by and large not consistent,” he says. Still, he hopes Congress will adopt formal legislation by requiring all DNA providers to screen orders.

Last year, a bipartisan group of legislators introduced the Securing Gene Synthesis Act to mandate screening more broadly, but the bill has yet to advance.

Emily Leproust, CEO of Twist Bioscience, a San Francisco DNA-synthesis company, welcomes regulation. “We recognize that DNA is dual-use technology. It’s like dynamite, you can build tunnels, but you can also kill people,” she says. “Collectively, we have a responsibility to promote the ethical use of DNA.”

Twist has been screening sequences and customers since 2016, when it first started selling nucleic acids to customers. A few years ago, the company hired outside consultants to test its screening processes. The consultants set up fake customer names and surreptitiously ordered sequences of concern.

Leproust says the company successfully flagged many of those orders, but in some cases, there was internal disagreement on whether the sequences requested were worrisome or not. The exercise helped Twist adopt new protocols. For instance, it used to only screen DNA sequences 200 base pairs or longer. (A base pair is a unit of two DNA letters that pair together.) Now, it screens ones that are at least 50 base pairs to prevent customers from shopping around for smaller sequences to assemble together.

While Twist has tightened its own screening measures, Leproust still worries about some hypothetical scenarios that are beyond her control. For instance, a state actor with bad intentions could start making its own gene sequences. “Probably the biggest risk is if a state wants to build their own DNA synthesis capabilities,” she says. “They may be able to do it, because states have vast resources.”

[dr-southernerd]

Laying on my stomach, kicking my feet in the air and singing while writing in my lab notebook

[guardianmonae32]

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[l-m-rain]

Me going from migraine that makes me want to die, to applying to 2 different free university courses, playing 3 games at the same time, watching at the very least 3 shows and interacting with 11 different fandoms.

And all because of coffee, even tho it doesn't change the fact that I have no energy for any of those things

[inventforgood]

My idea is that cDNA libraries of the mRNA from humans of different ages, eg 1 year, 5 years, 10 years, 15 years, 22 years, 30 years, 40 years, 55 years, 70 years and 85 years (but practically it would be necessary to just take the samples that became available!) could be constructed or acquired. They could also be acquired from specific “aging critical” tissues/organs eg endothelium, cardiac, pulmonary, kidney, brain etc. The cDNA libraries could be compared by constructing microarrays (that is my dated knowledge but today it could probably be done computationally).

What would that give us? By the differences in the transcriptome between the different age cohorts it would show the difference between aged tissues and young tissues.

Of course, how these differences arose is AS a result of the epigenetic processes, but the differences themselves ARE the results of the epigenetic processes and (in some way which I am not able to imagine right now) may lead to approaches to discover more about the epigenetic processes themselves, which is your interest. Please forgive me if I am telling you things that are already second nature to you, but there is more to my proposal which is in fact quite simple really although very broad in scope and ambitious in outcome.

The differences mentioned above would be either the absence of specific mRNA in older tissues that is present in younger tissues, or vice versa, or quantitative differences in levels of mRNA.

That then gives a series of mRNA targets to investigate, both upstream, in terms of regulation of transcription such as transcription factors and silencing, and downstream in terms of identifying and characterising the protein product of the mRNA, its structure, binding sites, effects etc. That as you said before is quite a considerable body of work and would require many teams of researchers.

As far as intervention to promote health is concerned, discovering the epigenetic processes which cause the changes would be one pathway to treatments; other pathways could be pharmaceutical, perhaps based on transcription factors, and gene-therapy based approaches.

I think that the approach I have outlined is slightly different to that of the Yamanaka factors, which reset some cells to pluripotent stem cells, as my approach is intended to make differentiated cells youthful but still basically differentiated, as in the functioning young

adult.

I have heard of a researcher called Jaoa de Magalhaes who was said to be doing something like what I suggest (and he has now moved to Birmingham University in Britain) but I do not see mention of it on his website, he talks about long lived species, another interesting approach. An academic in Cambridge told me that she had heard of something like this that I propose being done in Singapore, but did not know the name of the researcher. So, although this approach is not truly novel, I believe it is still new ground.

[amrtechinsights]

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[mau-mao]

How Tortoiseshell Cats Get Their Patterns

Ever wonder why every tortie cats aren't just 50% black and 50% red?

The X chromosome in cats determines color (orange or black).

There is a process named lyonization, or X-inactivation, that occurs in female cats. When the kitty embryo is growing one of the X chromosomes in each cell will randomly inactivate. The active X will be expressed.

B = orange b = black If the Xᴮ inactivates the cell will express black. If the Xᵇ inactivates the cell will express orange.

[octanexlabsin]

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[impact-newswire]

Axol Bioscience acquires Phenocell to advance human disease models

Acquisition expands Axol’s iPSC-derived cell models and service offering to include ophthalmology and dermatology CAMBRIDGE / EDINBURGH, UK, and GRASSE, FRANCE, October 2024: Axol Bioscience Ltd. (Axol), a leading induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology provider for drug discovery, today announced it has fully acquired Phenocell SAS, a pioneer in iPSC-based products and bioassays for…

[filosofablogger]

The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly -- Planet Earth

I’m just a wee bit tired of talking politics, y’know?  Of course politics enters into every other topic, whether loudly or silently, but there are other things to talk about … like, um … well, the environment and climate change, for one!  An article that hit my inbox this morning triggered the thought, and so today I have some good news … and of course, some bad news too. The good … While some…

[deepgoraniya]

Strengths and weaknesses

I have never focused on this topic about myself, it was kind of hard to find my own weaknesses as I have always looked at my strengths. however, when I thanked about it, I realized a lot of things.

Strengths: -

Adaptability to adjust to new situations and challenges

problem solving or critical thinking

resilience, stay calm during stressful situations or problem solving

communication skills.

reliability

self-motivated

work ethics.

Weaknesses: -

perfectionism, sometimes I try to be more perfect which in return steal my lot of time.

Time management is one the major weaknesses.

Overcommitting, for me it is hard to say No, which leads to a lot of responsibilities.

Overthinking

Emotional Sensitivity

Hesitation to ask for assistance or help when needed.

Work Life balance, this has been always a major weakness of mine.

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