#because etiquette isnt universal!!

[sleeepydraws]

etiquette is a slightly awkward and annoying social lubricant that makes being in public nicer, actually

I feel like in the rush of “throw out etiquette who cares what fork you use or who gets introduced first” we actually lost a lot of social scripts that the younger generations are floundering without.

[rosykims]

5 + 10 for emeraude, 14 + 18 for effie, 19 + 24 for arylene and 30 through 45 for imogen bc i love her so much ? 😏😏😏

fdjkfjkfdk thank u SO much maia i absolutely Treasure You !

EMERAUDE HAWKE - DA2

What does your OC normally wear? What would your OC wear on a special night?

emeraudes fashion sense is probably my favourite out of all my ocs, so uh if u havent looked at her pinterest board yet u should do that bc its Very cute hehehe

anyway for the most part she sticks to dark, practical clothing whenever she's out and about in kirkwall or doing merc work, etc. she picks clothes that convey strength and power, but she likes having a little bit of colour somewhere on the piece, just to keep things interesting. she's not much of an embroider, but was a good way to keep herself distracted during hard times, so she tends to add little patterns here and there whenever she gets the chance!

as for special occasions, for her this would actually just be. a quiet night at home or a relaxed gathering with her friends. bc its so rare for her to have that lmao. anyway for events like that she usually wears light colours and soft fabrics, simple but always decorated with flowers or colourful patterns.

What does your OC keep in a special drawer?

she has a collection of gifts ! that kids from lowtown would give her over the years she spent in kirkwall. she's a very community based person and wants to do right for her city, and shes very nurturing (in an ironical, Cool Big Sister way) so she likes making sure all the kids are safe and being looked after. she gets a lot of trinkets and strange gifts from some of the kids as a result, but she does treasure them (even if she laughs about it with her friends) and keeps them all !

EFFIE RYDER - MEA

Who is the mother and/or father figure in your OC’s life?

effie's maternal rolemodel has always been her late mother, ellen. nobody could really fill that role in her eyes, since they had such a close, positive relationship before she passed. her relationship with her dad was a lot more strained and it really impacted a lot of her relationships later on in life too ! she tends to.... see an older man who is Vaguely Nice to her, and then think “ oh, youre my dad now?” which isnt fair to anybody obviously but yeah she,,,, has a lot of unresolved issues regarding alec and tends to unintentionally project so. We stan !

How many times did your OC move as a child? Which area was his/her favorite?

oh constantly lol. With her dad being an n7 and her mother working so hard on her research, they tended to move around wherever her parents work required. she actually enjoyed it this way. she was never good at making long term friends, but she lived meeting new people, and obviously with the move she got to experience a lot of different cultures which really put the idea of adventuring and travelling in her head at a young age.

ARYLENE TORR - TES IV

What does your OC think of children- either in general or about having them?

she likes them ! she tends to keep her distance with most communities and groups of people in particular, but she does like enjoys having the odd conversation with the odd street urchin here and there, either sharing with them some strange, ridiculous life advice or – if shes feeling particularly chaotic – telling them the scariest stories she can think of. as for having them, arylene isnt AGAINST the idea, but she has far too much for the foreseeable future for that to ever be a good idea

Who are the people your OC dislikes/hates?

outwardly, arylene is an almost unbearably easy going person, so you would assume she doesnt hate anyone lol. but she does DEEEPLY dislike cults and groups of ignorant people who are arrogant enough to start messing with the balance of life, or making deals with gods, etc. she believes that people like that can do an unbelievable amount of damage, so she invests a lot of time and effort it sabotaging any group or plot she happens to find !

 IMOGEN FOSTER - RDR2

Did your OC participate in extracurricular activities, and if so, what were they?

hmm idk if this even EXISTED in 19th century london lol, but she would have done some very tame version of girl scouts as a child! She barely remembers any of it, but she liked the classes on what plants did what, which were safe to eat, and the likes. its something that helps her a lot when on the run with the gang, and something shes always had a personal interest in, as a nurse !

other than that, she’s done a lot of independent study on history, classical literature, and she speaks fluent italian we stan !

What is your OC’s opinion of school? What kind of student was s/he?

imogen comes from a very wealthy aristocratic family, so she was very fortunate that her privilege afforded her the education she got at the time. she is VERY grateful to have attended the schools she did, and she made sure to make the most of it, paying attention in class and studying harder than most of her classmates. she's a smart girl with a very active mind, so knowledge is something she can't get enough of. she was actually petitioning the board of education to allow her to attend university before she left for america – already their had been women accepted into universities at that time, but obviously it was still a very scandalous thing lol, especially since imogen wanted to study medicine.

What subjects did your OC excel at?

imogen is a HUGE overachiever and did pretty well at basically everything from science, mathematics, language studies and later on, in her studies as a nurse. i can tell you what shes bad at though lmao

anything physical really dkdkdks she is TERRIBLE at horse-riding since she usually just went by carriage everywhere in the city. art and poetry and writing in general she was never great at, because she's a pretty logical person and was told she never put enough emotion in her work lol !!! sports...obviously was very limited anyway as growing up in like? the early 1870s lol. and as for the traditionally feminine lessons in like ?? sewing and cooking and stuff well ! she was very average at them which made her  feel worse than if she was actually bad bc she's so used to excelling and making a name for herself oof

What subjects interested your OC?

Imogen loves greek literature and mythology !! the iliad is her favourite book and she keeps her heavily annotated, dog eared copy – a gift from her late father – on her person almost constantly. needless to say its why dutch admires her as much as he does lol.

obviously, as a nurse-trying-to-be-a-doctor, she has a great love for medicine in all its forms. she's always been fascinated in natural remedies, and even moreso when she's running with the van der linde gang and is really relying on the land to survive.

What is your OC’s dream job and/or current profession?

hmm okay so. Technically she's a nurse – she worked in her father's hospital for almost 10 years prior to his death, and she was sort of his unofficial understudy, as in she knows a LOT more than her job description requires lol. but after her father past away, another, less progressive man took his place as chief of surgery and made a lot of changes to the way the hospital operated, and imogen was let go. she and her mother were fighting against it, however, under the ground of unfair dismissal, but obviously given the time period it didnt get them very far. so ! i mean technically she's unemployed rn. but she still has dreams of being a doctor, or at least continuing her career in medicine.

How is your OC working towards their dream job and/or achieved their current profession?

Oh VERY direct action up until she got disheartened and chose to take her sabbatical. she had been working in her role for nearly a decade, and was very obviously one of the most experienced nurses there. even younger doctors would sometimes ask her for her medical opinion dksksks anyway what i am saying is Brain Very Good. she had been fighting to gain admission into a university – any, she wasnt picky – to study medicine officially, but it didnt get very far and she put it on hold after her father got sick. after he died and she was laid off, she fought even harder against the city to reinstate her title, and continues to fight after she returns from america a year or so later.

What are your OC’s thoughts/opinions of his/her current profession?

helping people is her entire life, and she wouldn't know what to do without it. she loves being a nurse enough to fight to be a doctor, but also in BEING a nurse, she is hyperaware of all the things current medical standards seem to get wrong, and she has a lot of ideas about how else to go about things. her father, a shockingly progressive and worldly man for the time period, shared her sentiment, but he wasn't able to make the changes he wanted to before he passed, so imogen hopes she can be the change herself, and make her father proud

What is your OC’s biggest dream?

being a licenced doctor, babey ! preferably��at her father's hospital, but at the point she will take what she can get.

How does your OC react to and handle stress?

imogen  handles stress very well , which is partially why she makes such a good medic, and also how she managed to survive the first week of being with the van der linde gang lmao. she is very good at shutting out EVERY distraction when things get dicey, and her brain tends to move at a million miles an hour. all traces of english etiquette and politeness go out the window, though, so you'll usually catch her barking orders at people, and yelling at anyone who prevents her from doing the work she needs to do. it.....is a big wake up call for people like dutch and micah, and gets her into a LOT of trouble on multiple occasions.

How does your OC handle anger?

ooo......not great. she’s grown up with parents who maybe encouraged her to speak her mind a bit....TOO much given the historical circumstances lol. she really doesn’t stand for ignorance or prejudices in any capacity, and if she has a problem with someone and it gets in the way of her trying to do her work or help others - she will ABSOLUTELY be having words. she also overestimates her own strength quite a lot. she’s tried to throw hands with micah MANY times, often forgetting she’s this tiny 70kg englishwoman and he’s .... Him sdjkdcjkf. she has a big mouth too so she often says snide remarks without even meaning too, which tends to get her in trouble as well. on the bright side, it also helps her fit in with the gang quite well, because for the most part they all appreciate how wild she is lmao

How does your OC handle grief?

hmm i guess it depends on what you would class as “well”? she doesnt cry very often - being stoic and handling your emotions is important when your a nurse - but she does tend to shove her feelings down far longer than she should, and tries to pretend they don’t exist by simply focusing on other things. she also blames herself when a lot of things go wrong, because she’s a perfectionist and wants to FIX everything, so when she finds something - or someone - she can’t save, it feels like a personal failure. like she let them down :(

What is your OC’s greatest fear?

probably being trapped in an unhappy, unfulfilling marriage with someone who undervalues her. she’s not much of a homebody and doesn’t have too much of an interest in being married, but the idea of feeling FORCED to marry someone in order to have a decent quality of life makes her blood run cold oof

What makes your OC happy?

helping people ! meeting new folks ! learning about other cultures and ways of life! learning about NEW THINGS in general ! proving people wrong ! insulting micah !

as tough and high-and-mighty as she sometimes seems, she’s a pretty easy person to please, honestly. treat her with respect, give her space to do the things she wants to do, and don’t get in the way of her opportunities to learn new things, and she’s mostly very happy !

What kind of sense of humor does your OC have?

she has a fairly macabre and sardonic sense of humour, something she picked up from her mother. she says a lot of Shocking things for the time period, and she’s not shy of dirty jokes either. the first time sean heard her, a soft, well spoken english Lady, make some filthy, crude joke, he nearly had a stroke right there on the spot kjkjkfdjkf

What are some things that greatly upset your OC?

senseless violence, suffering or cruelty. she really hated the gang at first and hoped to escape the first chance she got, because all she could see was the crime and disregard for human life she assumed they all held. fortunately, as she got to know them, she realized this wasn’t exactly the case, but she still has a lot of anger in her heart for a few key members of the gang who seem to enjoy bloodshed more than anything. she also hates any form of social prejudice, and people who gatekeep knowledge and opportunities from others.

What are some things that annoy your OC?

i guess all of the above, but she also dislikes misplaced arrogance, and people who talk down to others. she tolerates dutch, but often gets frustrated with the way he speaks, using as many big words as he can to manipulate and confuse others. she believes that really intelligence doesn’t require obscure jargon and big, fancy words - she likes keeping things simple, so everybody can follow along.

[triumphorce]

                   under stars that feel as far as

                               real does..

at the moment.

at any moment..

kidnap me.

any chance presented  

& in moments prior.

spent alone

in 

zone.

far from progress.

stasis,

stationed next to

hope & regret.

on either side.

stamina. breathe now

to breathe more.

no free will.

i got to survive.

i got to make it,

especially if i just change aim

change rim-height,

relate with reality

change chin height,

keep head up,

lower expectations

keep pen up.

can’t make shit up,

so i make this shit up

dig deep, drain soon as i wake up

from sleep, or conscious nap..

break up

buildup

of words

that

feel

like

millions.

euphoric

ultimatum;

write,

or just

waste.

can’t wait

to post, create.

post haste

long ass roads that really dont have

an end, or means to.

I just become more of

whatever comes;

whatever emotions

i allow;

however

i react;

to

whoever,wherever,

when tf ever

‘cause all i am

is now, here.

a little more conscious..

that’s it.

&the more i remember,

the more i forget.

gotta pick and choose.

careful.

careful, please.

carefully

 cut ties, choose way

‘cause by the time it's time to remember

new knew's

once was' just can’t keep up

and i accidentally

delete something

important,

or distort it..

gotta

slow down

life...

ssssshhheesh

i once was in less pieces,

&I at least, once, knew peace, but didn’t know it,

more than likely still do

staring at sky blue.

so blue..

eyes find it soothes

waiting on.

bus late.

contemplating, mind rages

sea

lost in deep

hue pool

sharp, wind wrapping body.

waitin on,

waiting on.

contemplating. gone.

daydreamin way thru life.

thru the little things

i always belittled.

cause I thought I had what i needed. or what I had was mine to keep.

...just because.

i need a little more somethin

a little more new, more original stop cliches, tropes,& archetypes in general

droll,

repetition equals learning, well i'll just lurn-less

beg to differ, by beggin questions, even when forced to tread slow,&only do so in head.

we’re all middlemen.

just fiddlin’

‘round in world,

in universe,

riddled withh riddles,

that

trickle,

drip

in

complex

descent

from cognitive

  beginnings.

ephemeral glimpses of outside-nighttime-world,

through blinds in bed, as a child to now, still just as far from.

as far as real feels.

feelin nothing like how I do now.

but pain passes,

so it just must be my brain's capacity for trust shrank. & elaborates time taken for to cross neural pathways,

not get lost, and make it back safe save, all at the same time, while i attempt to ignore age

pay mind solely to the idea i can do, &I don't have to prove.

to become honest, so potential growth is optimum to be one with me, and know I can't ever be anything but and no idea is ever done, no matter finished, no grey matter greyer, no more dr. bender's, no more directions, no more winners, reflect on self, &what it means-to be better, i deflect defects w/ skylark teeth,  

a truer sense of.. truth

a higher level basic

newfound fundamentals

that all the world and creation in it,

then, now, or later

are truly small

&

no life was ever finished

nobody wants to give it up,but we learn to

and as a consequence return to world what we wish to see beyond our existence

to find trust again love again feel again believe again hurry up, clock's tickin

get it, grind look and find get inspired go inspire go perspire run a mile two three four

five seconds six seconds

gotta go for it gotta get better, 

 never listen only instrumentalz for me

in a room   aspire to be able to define my every rhyme and reason behind thoughts had,

itchin to stay consistent, keep on writing and don't worry about why, keep on filing tomes of dreams, ordering guides to self, from one idea to a whole library of shit I did,

 like,

"oh, damn kid, you wrote that?"

damn right I did.

conversations that I have in my head

while I reread pieces

an elixir, a pensive remedy

for when I feel reluctant toward

reality, when in reality

it's really just the people around me that I trusted, busted ass for, gave up past for filled up gigabytes, sticky notes, notepads for designed a whole world for,

put off parties, friends, a part of me I never gave a chance for. became an outcast for. put on mask for.

to be compared and not contrasted warned and not encouraged critiqued but not heard

made me want

to tell, create a story and not give a damn about glory.

although i worry how i come off..sometimes..

made me

change style time after time for some time, now..

made me have

to boost own confidence, own own ego; inflate like raft, & float to shore,

common ground with action &

focused on

how I'm amounting in life.

..apparently

im just climbing up invisible

mountains

but i don't let it make or break me,

used to,

but no more ,& nowit's just me.

&that's just crazy..

so im focused

on how im a mountain lion to moles tryna troll, but       most the time, tho                    I'm...focused on settling score with where               I've failed

& failed to respond to failure well

                                    let go

of initiative,   hung to anger

in orbit  around regret towards doors left unopened, words unspoken to people gone, that could've changed life, if only They could hear these thoughts.. if only I had someone to talk to besides myself, & people that talk to high-five themselves; given approval never sought, advice for battles never fought, in a room for most of youth, stuck in head, so much to see, explore lore of stories never written, so much done even before i decided to pick pen up, before i decided I was ready for commitment decisions in head turn to an every 5 minute thing,

                  stuck in holes    deeper than before

tell-tale signs around sub-subconscious                         that Im chasin nothin..

apparitions..

in front of people

waitin somethin fierce

for me to

summon what's already there

a mirror image of miracle from thinnest air from holes put in life for pride in pages of jumbled thoughts gaps in memories for drafts that define ironic, describing fine lines I believe are there, in thinnest mirror, between me and experience in eyes that remind me i am less, i am more i am worse, i am better everything in between all and nothing, not objective, but an object capable of observation, own purpose assigned no more worth than yours, no more than I have dealt my self chances missed to live for product tossed or lost in the end

x's & lines through a mind confused,              backspaces                       scribbles       procrastinating daily, delaying the inevitable,                                           staring at.. ...coffee steam            and letters linked in ink curves and ink in nerves

        on nights only sleep's deferred as vivid as yesterdays and scenes in head of tomorrows            mixed in with skips in consciousness     obvious options almost always missed second guesses linger in gut like wtf

what the fuck am i doing everyday, if I don't contribute to future

to believe, or not to believe i was in control of will was the whole problem let go of all it hone on goals. fly low, that is...

as far a stretch as breath of desire to contribute to the world   believing if chance exists, i will succeed I will fulfill promises thru notepads & audience

a caged bird singing

do or do not.

seems all I've done is try, it seems to try isnt good enough, seems what they want from me wasn't what I was told they want, which is for me to want from me & instead what they want to see is what they want to see

me to become this and not my own, no matter how many hours spent, no matter the font, text, or etiquette formed to gain attention, but apparently a proper use of improper use of prose prospered overtime & i kept my posture, keep me from losing self, going crazy, letting people make me think something's not okay, or wrong with me, or out of whack off top, not taken seriously

priorities of the majority of society made it difficult to captivate eyes, and garner respect, because of conflictive internal contradictions to set out for what I thought was spreading message, but was embedding judgment of self, & effort, looking at motives that been made a home in heart like they suspect, but they was who fucked with me when I wouldn't even fuck with me, wanna be someone else, something else, like what you want clave?

to wait for mine..

psh, nnn’eh, thinking I was good enough to be taken seriously ..

thinking there was nothing to do, but to do, but something changed course, one day,

 one day atta time

thinking that I was right behind, could just lift up arm and touch but that wasn't the case, ever, constant race

     couldn't hold on, couldn't hide the pain to psyche out greatest opponent, me

                   didn't want to, saw no point

   repeating and repeating, over and again

so on and so forth, thus forth destroying self                               convinced I couldn't help it      and still am

and still can't

accept I ever gave in,   broke under pressure, buckled under what some would chuckle over, no pity, just recognition of jimity's petition to push when pushed, with thoughts into written gale force, in a position to always hope, so when foundation crumbles, there's another one up under

if not, I use earth to wander.

whether with excess of momentum or subsiding in subtle realization of sustenance behind life's work

purpose on course set to find reward I'm told I'm looking for..

fin

[vol-au-vending-machine]

My thoughts on Sherlock 4x01

-creepy stories ftw

-is Mycroft codename Antarctica? i love. or should i say, amo.

-i love sherlock tweeting during the briefing, but no way am i okay with him tweeting during the christening, tho that might be my strict opinions on phone etiquette coming into play (and maybe also my faith.)

-at this point in their relationship, sherlock should be too respectful and fond of john to let him down like that. shame on you sherlock. SHAME.

-basically john should be worth obeying social convention for. on a special occasion. too much to ask? sherlock could behave himself at the wedding why not now URGGH

-also wow a relatively nuanced and unbiased representation of Margaret Thatcher lol are you sure im watching bbc?

-Mr and Mrs Wellsborough being cute and in love warmed my heart

-...and charlie’s death broke it OH MY GOD

-srsly guys why i am the only one who cares that CHARLIE DIED ALONE IN FRONT OF HIS OWN FATHER AND THE DUDE DIDNT EVEN KNOW LIKE OMFG

-john? maybe? cheating? why?

- pointless lestrade and hopkins scene is pointless

-that shot of the thatcher bust overlaid on sherlock’s face is Good

-fun fact: both thatcher and sherlock did chemistry at university (only thatcher went to oxford and i think sherlock was cambridge??) i wish this was mentioned in the ep

-”families fall out” that hurts REDBEARD REFERENCE AMIRITE

-that shot of young holmeses and redbeard... literally everything i need in life 

-THE GUY SITTING NEXT TO MARY ON THE PLANE IS IN MIRANDA I CANT TELL U WHAT THIS MEANS TO ME

-dice shots literally my aesthetic

-sherlock not familiar with “happy families” OUCH

-uh excuse you sherlock i would trust mycroft as a source for my facts not wikipedia stfu 

-i hope the moroccan kid is ok and not too traumatised he was cute

-”mycroft we’ve known each other a long time” MYCROFT/SMALLWOOD BROTP IS OFFICIALLY LAUNCHED

-also srsly mycroft where was your brain this ep 

-molly at home not knowing shits about to get real OMFG

-good setting for a showdown, the aquarium, i must say

-how does vivian norbory have gun?? she shouldnt have gun clearance??? as a receptionist??

-i get why mary died, but i kinda wish she showed off her badass assassin (badassin?) skills when she made her sacrifice? Like tackling her and trying to grab the gun maybe? Jumping in front of a bullet is literally one of the oldest cliches in the book and tbh anyone coulda done it. also it was kinda pointless to do that bc granny could just shoot again once mary was hit?? i was scared it was gonna be mycroft given all the foreshadowing and im torn bc half of me is HELLA GLAD he isnt dead but at the same time?? “I’ll always be there for you” NOT AT THE LONDON AQUARIUM YOU WERENT SLACKER. wtf was he doin just watching??

-basically mycroft shouldnt have been there. he did literally nothing in that scene. HEY SCRIPTWRITERS NOT EVERY MAJOR CHARACTER NEEDS TO BE PRESENT FOR THE SHOWDOWN

-ella thompson is BACK YAY

-thanks for mycroft fridge scene mofftiss i wrote some disturbing mollcroft fanfic that should probably never see the light of day because of it thanks 

-oh god video wills

-MOLLY IS HEARTBROKEN AND IT BREAKS MY HEART

[samanthasroberts]

How the internet was developed

In 40 times, the internet has morphed from a military communication network into a enormous world-wide cyberspace. And it all started in a California beer garden

In the kingdom of apps and unicorns, Rossottis is a rarity. This beer garden in the heart of Silicon Valley has been standing on the same recognise since 1852. It isnt disruptive; it doesnt proportion. But for more than 150 times, it has done one thing and done it well: it has given Californians a good situate to get drunk.

During the course of its long actuality, Rossottis has been a frontier barroom, a gold rush gambling den, and a Hells Angels hangout. These periods it is called the Alpine Inn Beer Garden, and the clientele remains as potpourrus as ever. On the porch out back, there are cyclists in spandex and bikers in leather. There is a wild-haired man who might be a prof or a lunatic or a CEO, scribbling into a notebook. In the parking lots is a Harley, a Maserati, and a horse.

It doesnt seem a likely discern for a major act of innovation. But 40 years ago this August, a small unit of scientists set up personal computers terminal at one of its picnic tables and conducted an extraordinary experiment. Over plastic goblets of beer, they proved that a strange sentiment called the internet could labour.

The internet is so vast and formless that its hard to gues it being invented. Its easy to visualize Thomas Edison devising the lightbulb, because a lightbulb is easy to envisage. You can hold it in your hand and examine it from every slant.

The internet is the opposite. Its everywhere, but we only see it in views. The internet is like the holy spirit: it manufactures itself knowable to us by taking wealth of the pixels on our screens to show sites and apps and email, but its centre is always elsewhere.

This feature of the internet prepares it seem extremely complex. Surely something so ubiquitous yet invisible must compel deep technical sophistication to understand. But it doesnt. The internet is essentially simple. And that simplicity is the key to its success.

The people who devised the internet came from all over the world. They drove at targets as varied as the French government-sponsored computer network Cyclades, Englands National Physical Laboratory, the University of Hawaii and Xerox. But the mothership was the US defense departments lavishly money research limb, the Advanced search Assignment Agency( Arpa) which later changed its reputation to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency( Darpa) and its numerous contractors. Without Arpa, the internet wouldnt exist.

An old-time image of Rossottis, one of the birthplaces of the internet. Photograph: Politenes of the Alpine Inn Beer Garden, formerly Rossotti’s

As members of the military endeavour, Arpa had a specifically armed motivating for creating the internet: it offered a way to make estimating to the front line. In 1969, Arpa had improved a computer network called Arpanet, which relation mainframes at universities, government agencies, and defense contractors around the country. Arpanet originated rapidly, and included practically 60 nodes by the mid-1 970 s.

But Arpanet had a problem: it wasnt mobile. The computers on Arpanet were stupendous by todays touchstones, and they transmitted over attached joins. That might work for investigates, who could sit at a terminal in Cambridge or Menlo Park but it did little for soldiers distributed deep in enemy region. For Arpanet to be useful to violences in the field, it had to be accessible anywhere in the world.

Picture a jeep in the jungles of Zaire, or a B-5 2 miles above North Vietnam. Then suppose these as nodes in a wireless system linked to another network of potent computers thousands of miles away. This is the dream of a networked armed expending computing supremacy to demolish the Soviet Union and its friends. This is the dream that produced the internet.

Making this dream a reality asked doing two things. The first was building a wireless system that could relay packets of data amongst the widely scattered cogs of the US military machine by radio or satellite. The second was connecting those wireless networks to the wired network of Arpanet, so that multimillion-dollar mainframes could suffice soldiers in fighting. Internetworking, the scientists called it.

Internetworking is the problem the internet was invented to solve. It presented tremendous challenge. Get computers to talk to one another networking had been hard enough. But getting networks to talk to one another internetworking posed a whole new established of impediments, because the networks addrest alien and incompatible accents. Trying to move data from one to another was like writing a letter in Mandarin to someone who only knows Hungarian and hoping to be understood. It didnt work.

In response, the architects of the internet developed a kind of digital Esperanto: a common conversation that enabled data to expedition across any system. In 1974, two Arpa researchers mentioned Robert Kahn and Vint Cerf published an early plan. Depicting on conferences happening in all areas of the international networking parish, they sketched a design for a simple but very flexible etiquette: a universal fixed of rules for how computers should communicate.

These regulations had to strike a very sensitive equilibrium. On the one hand, they needed to be strict enough to ensure the reliable transmitting of data. On the other, they needed to be loose enough to accommodate all of the different ways available data might be transmitted.

Vinton Cerf, left, and Robert Kahn, who organized the first internet etiquette. Photograph: Louie Psihoyos/ Corbis

It had to be future-proof, Cerf tells me. You couldnt write the protocol for one point in time, because it would soon become obsolete. The military would keep innovating. They would continue constructing brand-new networks and new technologies. The protocol had to keep pace: it had to work across an arbitrarily large number of distinct and potentially non-interoperable packet swopped systems, Cerf says including information that hadnt been invented yet. This boast would establish the system not only future-proof, but potentially infinite. If the rules were robust enough, the ensemble of networks could ripen indefinitely, adapting any and all digital forms into its sprawling multithreaded mesh.

Eventually, these rules grew the lingua franca of the internet. But first, they needed to be implemented and nipped and experimented over and over and over again. There was nothing inevitable about the internet going built. It seemed like a outlandish project to many, even among those who were building it. The scale, the ambition the internet was a skyscraper and nothing had ever seen anything more than a few floors tall. Even with a firehose of cold war military cash behind it, the internet was like a long shot.

Then, during the summer of 1976, it started working.

If you had strolled into Rossottis beer garden on 27 August 1976, you would have assured the following: seven men and one woman at a table, wavering around personal computers terminal, the woman typing. A pair of cables guide from the terminal to the parking lots, disappearing into a big gray-headed van.

Inside the van were machines that changed the words being typed on the terminal into packets of data available. An feeler on the vans roof then given these packets as radio signals. These signals extended through the air to a repeater on a nearby mountain surface, where they were enlarged and rebroadcast. With this extra increase, we are able to make it all the way to Menlo Park, where an feeler at an office improving received them.

It is there that the real magic began. Inside the role build, the incoming packets passed seamlessly from one network to another: from the packet radio network to Arpanet. To make this startle, the packets had to undergo a subtle metamorphosis. They had to change their kind without changing their contents. Make about ocean: it can be vapor, liquid or frost, but its chemical composition remains the same. This magical flexible is a feature of the natural universe which is lucky, because life depends on it.

A plaque at Rossottis commemorating the August 1976 experiment. Picture: Courtesy of the Alpine Inn Beer Garden, formerly Rossotti’s

The flexibility that the internet depends on, by compare, “mustve been” engineered. And on that day in August, it enabled packets that had only dwelt as radio signals in a wireless network to become electrical signals in the wired network of Arpanet. Remarkably, this translation perpetuated the data perfectly. The packets continued completely intact.

So intact, in fact, that they could excursion another 3,000 miles to a computer in Boston and be reassembled into exactly the same content that was typed into the terminal at Rossottis. Powering this internetwork odyssey was the brand-new etiquette cooked up by Kahn and Cerf. Two networks had become one. The internet worked.

There werent balloons or anything like that, Don Nielson tells me. Now in his 80 s, Nielson led the experiment at Rossottis on behalf of the Stanford Research Institute( SRI ), a major Arpa contractor. Tall and soft-spoken, he is relentlessly modest; seldom has someone had a better excuse for boast and a lower level of are looking forward to indulge in it. We are sitting in the living room of his Palo Alto home, four miles from Google, nine from Facebook, and at no spot does he even partly take ascribe for creating information and communication technologies that realized these extravagantly profitable firms possible.

The internet was a group effort, Nielson insists. SRI was only one of many organizations working on it. Perhaps thats why they didnt experience comfortable popping bottles of champagne at Rossottis by claiming too much magnificence for one crew, it wouldve flouted the collaborative character of the international networking community. Or maybe they are only didnt have the time. Dave Retz, one of health researchers at Rossottis, says they were too worried about get the experimentation to operate and then when it did, concerned about whatever came next. There was always more to accomplish: as soon as theyd stitched two networks together, they started working on three which they achieved a little over a year later, in November 1977.

Over time, the recognition of Rossottis receded. Nielson himself had forgotten about it until a reporter prompted him 20 years later. I was sitting in my bureau the working day, he withdraws, when the phone call. The reporter on the other purpose had been hearing the venture at Rossottis, and wanted to know what it had to do with the birth of the internet. By 1996, Americans were having cybersex in AOL chatrooms and structure gruesome, seizure-inducing homepages on GeoCities. The internet had outgrown members of the military roots and run mainstream, and beings were becoming curious about its ancestries. So Nielson excavated out a few old-time reports from his files, and started indicating on how the internet inaugurated. This concept is shifting out to be a big deal, he remembers thinking.

What manufactured the internet a big deal is the aspect Nielsons team demonstrated that summer day at Rossottis: its flexible. Forty years ago, the internet teleported thousands of words from the Bay Area to Boston over channels as dissimilar as radio radiation and copper telephone lines. Today it bridges far greater intervals, over an even wider various forms of media. It ferries data among thousands of millions of designs, communicating our tweets and Tinder swipes across multiple networks in milliseconds.

The Alpine Inn Beer Garden today still a home where Silicon Valley mobs meet. Photo: Courtesy of the Alpine Inn Beer Garden, formerly Rossotti’s

This isnt simply a technological accomplishment its a blueprint decision. The main thing to understand about the roots of the internet, Nielson says, is that it came out of the military. While Arpa had wide-ranging leeway, it still had to choose the research project with an see toward developing technologies that might someday are used for acquiring campaigns. The engineers who construct the internet understood that, and tailored it accordingly.

Thats why they designed the internet to lead anywhere: because the US military is everywhere. It maintains virtually 800 basis in more than 70 countries around the world. It has hundreds of ships, millions of warplanes, and tens of thousands of armored vehicles. The reason the internet can work across any machine, system, and medium-sized the reason a smartphone in Sao Paulo can stream a lyric from a server in Singapore is because it needed to be as pervasive as the American security apparatus that financed its construction.

The internet would end up being useful to the US armed, if not quite in the ways its designers intended. But it didnt actually take off until “its become” civilianized and commercialized a phenomenon that the Arpa researchers of the 1970 s could never have anticipated. Quite candidly, if anyone would have said they could have imagined the internet of today in those dates, theyre lying, says Nielson. What astonished him most was how willing people were to spend money to set themselves on the internet. Everybody wanted to be there, he says. That was utterly startling to me: the outcry of wanting to be present in this new world.

The information that we think of the internet as a world of its own, as a home we can be in or on this too is the legacy of Don Nielson and his fellow scientists. By obliging different networks together so seamlessly, they stimulated the internet feel like a single space. Strictly expressing, this is an misconception. The internet is composed of numerous, many systems: when I go to Googles website, my data must pass 11 different routers before it arrives. But the internet is a original weaver: it secretes its sews extremely well. Were left with the perception of a boundless, borderless digital universe cyberspace, as we used to call it. Forty years ago, this world firstly flickered into existence in the foothills outside of Palo Alto, and has been expanding ever since.

Source: http://allofbeer.com/2017/09/17/how-the-internet-was-invented/

from All of Beer https://allofbeer.wordpress.com/2017/09/17/how-the-internet-was-developed/