#battle of la hogue
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The burning of the Soleil Royal in Cherbourg Bay during the protracted battle of La Hogue, 22nd - 24th May 1692, by a follower of Willem van de Velde II
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The Battle of La Hogue by Benjamin West
#benjamin west#art#battle of la hogue#nine years war#dutch republic#england#france#barfleur#la hougue#normandy#netherlands#holland#history#europe#european#age of sail#sea battle#naval battle#dutch#english#french#ships#battle#sea
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The Battle of La Hogue, Destruction of the French fleet, May 22, 1692 (1778), Benjamin West // After the Bombs (2006), The Decemberists
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deck decemeber day 31: The Battle of La Hogue by Benjamin West
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The Battle of La Hogue, art by Benjamin West (1778)
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an introduction
hello to any aspiring or actualised historians on this god blessed evening here on tumblr dot com. my new years resolution was to broaden my horizons by an intense and frankly chaotic degree; i will be diving head first into all things history so that i may possess the biggest brain known to man.
thus far i’ve decided that every month will be devoted to a different historical topic, january being american history, february could be english history, it also could be quite literally anything else, so on and so forth. i’m waiting to see how the wind blows me.
another ambition that may or may not be actualised is the creation of content on youtube. i’m not sure if the world truly needs another young man geeking out making historical video essays, i’m not sure if anything i say would be worthwhile yet.
if you’re interested in lending a hand in correction, criticism, advice, or anything else i welcome you with open arms. i’m aware that the history side of tumblr is larger than i initially thought and i’m eager to be apart of it if you’ll have me.
painting is the battle of la hogue, 1778, an oil work done on canvas by benjamin west
-v
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Tonći Kožul: Najbolji filmovi 70-ih...
The Adventurers
Aguirre, the Wrath of God (Aguirre, der Zorn Gottes)
Airport
Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore
Alien
Ali: Fear Eats the Soul (Angst essen Seele auf)
All Screwed Up (Tutto a posto e niente in ordine)
All That Jazz
All the President's Men
Amarcord
American Graffiti
The Amityville Horror
The Amusement Park
The Anderson Tapes
...And Justice for All
Annie Hall
Apocalypse Now
The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz
The Ascent (Voskhozhdeniye)
Assault on Precinct 13
At Long Last Love
Autumn Sonata (Höstsonaten)
The Baby
Bad Company
Badlands
The Bad News Bears
The Ballad of Cable Hogue
Bananas
Barry Lyndon
Battle for the Planet of the Apes
A Bay of Blood (Ecologia del delitto)
The Beguiled
Being There
Beneath the Planet of the Apes
Between the Lines
The Big Boss
The Big Bus
The Bird with the Crystal Plumage (L'uccello dalle piume di cristallo)
The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant
The Black Windmill
Blazing Saddles
Boxcar Bertha
Bound for Glory
The Boy Friend
The Boys in the Band
Breaking Away
Brewster McCloud
A Bridge Too Far
Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia
The Brink's Job
The Brood
Buffalo Bill and the Indians, or Sitting Bull's History Lesson
Cabaret
California Split
California Suite
The Candidate
Carnal Knowledge
Carrie
The Cars That Ate Paris
Car Wash
The Cassandra Crossing
Catch-22
The Cat o' Nine Tails (Il gatto a nove code)
Céline and Julie Go Boating (Céline et Julie vont en bateau)
Charley Varrick
Chilly Scenes of Winter
Chinatown
Chinese Roulette (Chinesisches Roulette)
A Clockwork Orange
Close Encounters of the Third Kind
Coffy
Colossus: The Forbin Project
Coming Home
The Conformist (Il conformista)
Conquest of the Planet of the Apes
The Conversation
Convoy
Cooley High
The Crazies
Cries and Whispers (Viskningar och rop)
Crimes of the Future (1970.)
Cross of Iron
Cry Uncle!
Daisy Miller
Damien: Omen II
Dark Star
Dawn of the Dead
Day for Night (La Nuit américaine)
Days of Heaven
Death on the Nile (1978.)
Death Race 2000
Death Wish
The Deep
Deep Red (Profondo rosso)
The Deer Hunter
Deliverance
Dersu Uzala
Despair
Desperate Living
The Devils
Diamonds Are Forever
Dirty Harry
The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie
Dodes'ka-den
Dog Day Afternoon
Don't Look Now
Dracula (1979.)
The Driver
Duel
Duelle
The Duellists
Dusty and Sweets McGee
Earthquake
Eaten Alive
Effi Briest
The Electric Horseman
El Topo
The Enforcer
The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser (Jeder für sich und Gott gegen alle)
Enter the Dragon
Equus
Eraserhead
Escape from Alcatraz
Escape from the Planet of the Apes
Even Dwarfs Started Small (Auch Zwerge haben klein angefangen)
Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex
Every Which Way but Loose
The Exorcist
Exorcist II: The Heretic
Eyes of Laura Mars
Face to Face (Ansikte mot ansikte)
Family Plot
Fantastic Planet (La Planète sauvage)
Fast Company
Fat City
The Fate of Lee Khan
Female Trouble
Fellini's Casanova (Il Casanova di Federico Fellini)
F for Fake
Fiddler on the Roof
F.I.S.T.
Fist of Fury
Four Flies on Grey Velvet (4 mosche di velluto grigio)
The Four Musketeers
Fox and His Friends (Faustrecht der Freiheit)
Foxy Brown
Freebie and the Bean
The French Connection
Frenzy
The Friends of Eddie Coyle
Funny Lady
Fun with Dick and Jane (1977.)
The Fury
Ganja & Hess
Gates of Heaven
The Getaway
Get Carter
Getting Straight
Get to Know Your Rabbit
Gimme Shelter
The Godfather
The Godfather Part II
Gods of the Plague (Götter der Pest)
The Goodbye Girl
Good Guys Wear Black
Go Tell the Spartans
The Great Waldo Pepper
Grease
The Green Room (La Chambre verte)
Grey Gardens
Hair
Halloween
The Harder They Come
Hard Times
Harlan County, USA
Harold and Maude
The Heartbreak Kid
Heart of Glass (Herz aus Glas)
Heaven Can Wait
Hester Street
High Anxiety
The Hills Have Eyes
Hi, Mom!
The Holy Mountain
Home Movies
Hooper
The Hospital
Husbands
I clowns
Images
India Song
The In-Laws
Interiors
Izbavitelj
Jabberwocky
Jaws
Jaws 2
Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles
Jeremiah Johnson
The Jerk
Jesus Christ Superstar
Je tu il elle
Joe
Junior Bonner
Kelly's Heroes
The Kentucky Fried Movie
The Killer Elite
Killer of Sheep
The Killing of a Chinese Bookie
King Kong (1976.)
Klute
Kramer vs. Kramer
The Kremlin Letter
The Landlord
The Last Detail
The Last House on the Left
The Last Movie
The Last of Sheila
The Last Picture Show
Last Tango in Paris
The Last Waltz
The Last Wave
The Late Show
Legend of the Mountain
Lenny
Leo the Last
Les Rendez-vous d'Anna
The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean
The Life of Brian
Lisa and the Devil
Lisice
Little Big Man
A Little Romance
Live and Let Die
The Long Goodbye
Love and Anarchy (Film d'amore e d'anarchia)
Love and Death
Love on the Run (L'amour en fuite)
Love Story
La Luna
Macbeth (1971.)
Magnum Force
Mandingo
Manhattan
The Man Who Fell to Earth
The Man Who Loved Women (L'Homme qui aimait les femmes)
The Man Who Would Be King
The Man with the Golden Gun
The Marriage of Maria Braun (Die Ehe der Maria Braun)
Martin
M*A*S*H
McCabe & Mrs. Miller
Mean Streets
The Mechanic
The Merchant of Four Seasons (Händler der vier Jahreszeiten)
Mikey and Nicky
Minnie and Moskowitz
Mirror (Zerkalo)
Monty Python and the Holy Grail
Moonraker
The Mother and the W*ore (La maman et la putain)
Mother Küsters' Trip to Heaven (Mutter Küsters' Fahrt zum Himmel)
Mr. Majestyk
Multiple Maniacs
The Muppet Movie
Murder on the Orient Express (1974)
My Little Loves (Mes Petites Amoureuses)
Nashville
National Lampoon's Animal House
Network
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A New Leaf
News from Home
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Nickelodeon
A Night Full of Rain (La fine del mondo nel nostro...)
Night Moves
Noroît
North Dallas Forty
Nosferatu the Vampyre (Nosferatu: Phantom der Nacht)
Obsession
The Offence
Oh, God!
The Omen
The One and Only
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
De cierta manera (One Way or Another)
Opening Night
Orchestra Rehearsal (Prova d'orchestra)
Out 1: Noli me tangere
Paper Moon
The Parallax View
The Passenger (Professione: reporter)
Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid
A Perfect Couple
Performance
The Phantom of Liberty (Le Fantôme de la liberté)
Phantom of the Paradise
Picnic at Hanging Rock
Pink Flamingos
The Pink Panther Strikes Again
Play It Again, Sam
The Poseidon Adventure
Predstava Hamleta u Mrduši Donjoj
Quadrophenia
Quintet
Rabid
Raining in the Mountain
The Return of the Pink Panther
Revenge of the Pink Panther
Robin and Marian
Rock 'n' Roll High School
Rocky
Rocky II
The Rocky Horror Picture Show
Rollerball
Roma (1972.)
Saint Jack
Sambizanga
Saturday Night Fever
Schlock
Scrooge
The Seduction of Mimi (Mimì metallurgico ferito nell'onore)
See No Evil
The Sentinel
Serpico
Seven Beauties (Pasqualino Settebellezze)
Shaft
Shaft's Big Score!
Shaft in Africa
Shampoo
Shivers
The Shootist
Silent Movie
Silver Streak
Sisters
Slap Shot
Slaughterhouse-Five
Sleeper
Small Change (L'Argent de poche)
Smile (1975.)
Smokey and the Bandit
Solaris
Soleil Ô
Sorcerer
Soylent Green
The Spirit of the Beehive (El espíritu de la colmena)
The Spy Who Loved Me
Stalker
A Star Is Born (1976.)
Start the Revolution Without Me
Star Trek: The Motion Picture
Star Wars
The Sting
The Story of Adèle H. (L'Histoire d'Adèle H.)
Straw Dogs
Stroszek
The Sugarland Express
The Sunshine Boys
Superman
Suspiria
Sweet Movie
Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song
Swept Away (Travolti da un insolito destino...)
Taking Off
The Taking of Pelham One Two Three
Taxi Driver
Telefon
The Tenant
Tess
The Texas Chain Saw Massacre
That Obscure Object of Desire (French: Cet obscur objet du désir)
Thieves Like Us
The Third Generation (Die Dritte Generation)
Three Days of the Condor
The Three Musketeers (1973.)
Thunderbolt and Lightfoot
THX 1138
Tko pjeva zlo ne misli
Tommy
Tora! Tora! Tora!
A Touch of Zen
Touki Bouki
The Towering Inferno
Tristana
The Turning Point
The Twelve Chairs (1970.)
Two English Girls (Les Deux Anglaises et le Continent)
Two-Lane Blacktop
Two Mules for Sister Sara
Up in Smoke
The Valiant Ones
Vanishing Point
Wake in Fright
Walkabout
Wanda
The Warriors
Watermelon Man
Wattstax
The Way of the Dragon
The Way We Were
A Wedding
West Indies: The Fugitive Slaves of Liberty
What? (Che?)
What's Up, Doc?
Where's Poppa?
White Lightning
Who Is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe?
The Wicker Man
The Wild Child (L'Enfant sauvage)
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory
Wise Blood
The Wiz
A Woman Under the Influence
Woodstock
Woyzeck
W.R. - Misterije organizma
Young Frankenstein
Zabriskie Point
Zardoz
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Mary’s art. Okay, I have Thoughts.
There are several ways to look at Mary’s art, e.g. why it looks the way it looks, why they used this kind of anachronism, what it means to the narrative and Mary’s character, and lastly, what it tells us about the lighthouse painting.
Strap in, everyone, this is gonna be long.
First of all: Mary’s art is very obviously anachronistic. The show takes place in the early 1700s but her paintings are clearly modern art from the early to mid 1900s.
Let’s start with the most obvious (to me at least) aspect: Why did they use this kind of anachronism? I’ve mentioned this in my post on historical accuracy before, but I think mostly Mary’s art looks like this because of the audience, that is, because of us. Now, disclaimer, I’m an art historian but I specialize in contemporary art (art after WW2), so my knowledge on this is a bit wonky but I do know the basics so... Art in the 1700s (in Europe but the colonies were similar or at least heavily influenced) was mostly history painting, which means scenes from history, religion, mythology or literature, which have a narrative, which can tell the viewers heroic stories with ideally moralistic messages. Also, they painted real or fictional scenes with real or fictional people talking to each other or doing other mundane things, called conversation pieces. So, the art back then looked a bit like this, for example
(Arthur Devis, British, 1712 - 1787, Arthur Holdsworth Conversing with Thomas Taylor and Captain Stancombe by the River Dart, 1757, oil on canvas, Paul Mellon Collection.)
You see, this is from 1757, so “from the future” from Mary’s POV. To us, the audience from 2022, however, this looks extremely old-fashioned. Even if Mary had painted a more exciting scene like this...
(Benjamin West, American, 1738 - 1820, The Battle of La Hogue, c. 1778, oil on canvas, Andrew W. Mellon Fund.)
... we probably would’ve said “oh, she’s a good painter” but nothing more. It would’ve dated the show significantly. However, Mary’s art looks very different.
(Two screenshots from episode 1x10 of Our Flag Means Death. Stede is standing in Mary’s painting studio, surrounded by several colourful paintings.)
All of Mary’s paintings are colourful, some show nudity, some seem like they’re from different painters, even, like she’s trying a lot of different styles. I find myself reminded of Cubism, Expressionism, American modernism and Abstract art, from artists like Pablo Picasso, Georgia O’Keefe, or Paul Cézanne. (There are probably better examples but I can’t think of any right now?)
(Paul Cézanne, French, 1839 - 1906, The Bathers, c. 1894 - 1905, oil on canvas, National Gallery Yorck.)
In my opinion, this tells the audience that Mary is ahead of her time. She’s a modern woman, and to a 2022 audience that’s much clearer if you show us a painting that could be from the 1920s than if you show us one from the 1720s.
So, now that the audience knows that Mary is a modern painter, what can the paintings themselves tell us? In the pictures above we see a lot of flowers and nude women. Traditionally, nudes are a very prominent theme in art history, but not painted by women! Since women weren’t allowed to paint nude models in art schools for most of history, that’s actually a pretty bold move. To me, it shows that Mary herself is bold and free, living her best life and not caring about rules or what people think of her. There might also be a comparison to O’Keefe’s life in there, since both of them were in one way or another heavily influenced by the way their husbands treated them. But I actually don’t know that much about O’Keefe, so I’ll leave it here for someone else to pick up.
What I do want to say about O’Keefe: Mary’s flowers look very much like her paintings.
(Georgia O'Keeffe, US-American, 1887 - 1986, Red Canna, 1919, oil on board, High Museum of Art Atlanta.)
O’Keefe herself didn’t want her art to be considered a stand-in for vaginas, but a lot of people think of that when they see her flowers. It would definitely fit with Mary discovering her sexuality now that she’s with Doug. Doug even says that one of the O’Keefe-like paintings (in the second screenshot above, the one in the middle right in front of Stede, who’s hilariously looking at it like he doesn’t understand it/Mary’s art AT ALL) is his favourite, which in my opinion already tells us at this point all we need to know about their relationship.
All in all, I think Mary’s art tells us how independent she’s become.
Also, I think it’s very funny that this implies that Mary invented modern art. Cubism especially is thought to be one of the turning points in modern art by some people, since it completely breaks with some of the rules, not caring anymore about rules of perspective, light and darkness, or about depicting the world how you see it. Mary inventing Cubism or Expressionism really tells us how she doesn’t care about societal rules anymore; Stede leaving her completely changed her perspective and how she sees the world, and she’s showing it to us in her art.
However, there is one painting that doesn’t fit with the rest. It’s this one:
(A screenshot from episode 1x10 of Our Flag Means Death. It shows a painting of a nude figure from the back. The figure has long, brown hair and is carrying a lantern through a very dark, barely moonlit night.)
I’m honestly interested in what other people think about this, because! I love this one! It’s so different from every other painting of Mary’s we’re shown, and it’s not only the biggest painting in her art show but also the very first we’re shown in this episode! Stede is looking at this in the beginning of the scene when Mary’s showing him her studio!
It reminds me a little of this drawing:
(Paula Modersohn-Becker, German, 1876 - 1907, Stehender weiblicher Akt, Rückenansicht, vor dunkler Wand, (Standing female nude, seen from the back, in front of dark wall), 1900, charcoal and brown chalk, Paula-Modersohn-Becker-Stiftung Bremen.)
Modersohn-Becker is considered to be one of the first or the first female artist to paint a nude self-portrait, which is why I like the connection to Mary.
Because I do think this is meant to be a self-portrait. The hairstyle is kind of similar to how she wears her hair when she goes to bed, and I think it would be fitting if this is the painting that shows how she dealt with being abandoned by her husband. A figure shown from the back like this is a very prominent theme throughtout all of art history. Mostly, they’re meant to make the viewer, who’s standing behind them, identify with them. Both the figure and the viewer have the same view (the landscape before them). In Romanticism (a movement during the late 18th, early 19th century), they’re also supposed to be looking out, longing, contemplating life, nature, God, the future.
Now, the figure in Mary’s painting is standing in darkness, so I’m guessing this could mean that she doesn’t see what’s in front of her. The landscape is gloomy, almost scary, it refuses to show itself. This seems more in line with art from the 20th century, e.g. by René Magritte, which also made a point about refusing contemplation and longing, but Mary’s painting is much more emotional in my opinion. I think that’s in part due to the lantern: the figure is carrying a light themselves, so while they can’t see what’s in front of them, they’re able to explore, albeit carefully. Independence is scary but it’s also freeing.
There’s also something to be said about the figure being nude and vulnerable, not showing her face, etc. But I’d rather leave it at that because, as you might have noticed, this is getting rather long and we still haven’t talked about The Lighthouse Painting.
(A screenshot from episode 1x10 of Our Flag Means Death. A painting of a lighthouse, set on a mantel.)
This is the first painting of Mary’s we’re shown in the show at all. She’s obviously very proud of it - and Stede doesn’t understand it or her at all. He doesn’t understand her at any point, really. He thinks the children painted it at first - which is funny because it’s one of these stereotypical things people say about modern and contemporary art: “My child could’ve made this.” When obviously there’s a lot of care and thought put into this. Compared to the paintings in her art show, this piece is much simpler and the colours are much flatter in the lighthouse painting than in any of her later work, showing that she’s grown as an artist, and her subject matters have evolved as well, away from rather tame, predictable landscapes towards more groundbreaking work. But you can already see the cubist/expressionist style!
I love the composition of the lighthouse painting, though. The way the sky is broken into pieces, like a crystal or a kaleidoscope, but interestingly the lighthouse itself doesn’t appear to shine any light! However, the way the sky is broken up, you can see a kind of ray of light coming from the top right corner, maybe hinting at another lighthouse in the distance. This is just my interpretation, of course (the light could also be just the sun), but I do think that it fits with the whole “be lighthouses for each other” narrative. They’re out of reach from each other, because two lighthouses can never meet. But maybe their lights can be a signal in the distance, a sign that they have touched each other, that their relationship is important, but ultimately they’re better of far apart.
I think it’s very sweet that Mary wanted to show Stede this side of her, wanted to share her passion (art) with him, but ultimately she was only able to do that once he was gone, with Doug. (Of course this is mirrored with Stede and the model ship, and Stede and Edward.) But I do love that they both tried this way. And I am obsessed with the fact that Stede, out of all the things he could’ve chosen, took the lighthouse painting with him. He’s still clinging to his old life that way, of course, but I also like to think it shows that he truly cares for her.
Which brings me to Edward, because he clings to this painting as well, just like he can’t let Stede go completely, he doesn’t throw away the lighthouse painting. He stares at it while he cries, instead, like any normal person would. I think, he clings to the idea of Stede, the lighthouse he needs to stay away from but can’t.
There’s also something very queer about a portrait (”We’re meant to be lighthouses...”) that uses an object as a stand-in for a person. Queerness in abstraction is one of my favourite art history topics at the moment, it’s about the possibility of the body where no body is actually shown, it’s about the liberation of the body when you erase any notion of gender or sexuality. While Mary can only paint a self-portrait of her and Stede while NOT painting them at all (note that she does paint a self-portrait and human figures later on! It’s not like she can’t do it!), taking their bodies out of the equation completely, their relationship only existing on paper, Edward and Stede become a lighthouse together. They are in this painting together as one, so Stede’s real absence in Edward’s life is even more painful. Their lighthouse now only exists on paper/canvas.
And on that cheery note! Thanks if you made it through this jumbled mess of a stream of art history thoughts. I love Mary Bonnet forever.
#our flag means death#ofmd#our flag means death meta#mary bonnet#art history#uhmmmmm let me know what you think? this is all just.... some messy thoughts i had lol#i'm sure there's more to be said and i'm sure some of my references don't make any sense at all#but well#you can't take my degree away from me
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The Battle of La Hogue, Destruction of the French fleet, May 22, 1692, Benjamin West
Medium: oil,canvas
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The destruction of the Soleil Royal at the Battle of La Hogue, 23 May 1692, by Peter Monamy (1681-1749)
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The Battle of La Hogue, 23rd May 1692, during the Nine Years' War painted by Adriaen van Diest [560 x 456] posted by Reddit User: sylvyrfyre Visit artofreddit.com for more art #battlepaintings
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Historical Baes Post #1
Okay, so, apart from being Louis XIV’s birthday, September 5th is also the Danish flag day for all lost and deployed troops. As such, I thought today would be a good time to introduce you all to a new historical Danish military hero each year. This year it is my Best Man, Commodore Iver Huitfeldt.
If you go to his wikipedia profile, it’ll be very short and concise, so let me give you a slightly more emotional account of his final hours on the 4th of October 1710:
It is 8 in the morning, all the ship’s captains have gathered on the flagship of general-admiral Gyldenløve, to have a short status meeting. Just a few days earlier, the entire Dano-Norwegian fleet had been forced to sail out towards Danzig on the orders of King Frederik IV, but less than halfway there they’d been intercepted by storms and forced to seek shelter in Køge Bay, a quite closed-off bay in eastern Denmark. Here they’ve anchored up without plan or purpose, and Commodore Huitfeldt is deeply concerned with this. Almost twenty years earlier, he was present at the battle of La Hogue in 1692, where the French lost their main battle fleet because the English managed to trap them in a bay frighteningly like the one the Dano-Norwegian one is in right now. Huitfeldt has chosen to anchor in a carefully planned position, ready to sail out at any time. His concerns are dismissed. The Swedes, Gyldenløve says, are docked in Carlscrona. He has sources.
But, just as they step out onto the deck to head back to their ships, there is a shout. A sea of masts can be seen on the horizon, and although their nationality cannot be determined yet, Huitfeldt is worried. He hastens back to his ship to prepare, and he is right. It is the enemy. Far from being in Carlscrona, the Swedish general-admiral Wachtmeister heard of the Danish navy’s misfortune with running into a storm, and got the clever idea he would jump them while they were weak. He almost succeeds.
In the nick of time, before any orders are even given, Huitfeldt’s ship Dannebroge sails out to meet the Swedes, alone. Two ships, Mars and Beskiermeren follow behind her, none of which ever get close enough to fire at the enemy. Dannebroge, and Iver Huitfeldt, are facing the entire Swedish battle fleet alone. Wachtmeister’s fleet keeps its course, thundering towards the disheveled Danish navy, which is in utter chaos, desperately trying to get into battle order in the bay, and its lone protector. At the last moment, Huitfeldt’s clever position forces them to break their course and engage him. For more than an hour they ceaselessly fire at each other, one ship against a line of almost 35, but the wind is against the Dannebroge, and the muzzle fire of her raging cannons is blown against her own tackle and side. Soon, the flammable hemp ropes catch fire, and it spreads too fast to be put out. There is 450 men aboard, and one of them is the Commodore. He has a beloved wife and four children at home in Norway, the eldest, a boy, is 12, the youngest, a girl, is just 2 years old. He is 44. His ship is on fire.
What does he do? He looks back, if he allows her to drift and tries to beach her, he risks spreading the fire aboard his ship to the other ships in the fleet, and he will yield the way for the Swedes, who could then go in and lock the Danes in place and destroy them. This would be a disaster.
Iver Huitfeldt gives the order to drop the anchors. He and his crew stay on the ship and continue returning fire. When the gunners are forced to leave their cannons, they are said to have loaded them one last time, so that they’d fire themselves when the flames heated them.
At around 4 PM, the fire reaches the powder stores. Dannebroge explodes, taking with her 450 men, and one Commodore, who willingly gave up his life and inspired his men to follow him in order to save the whole fleet. With a burning wreck in the middle of the bay, the Swedes are cut off from all further attacks, and a day later they withdraw. Huitfeldt has done what he set out to do: he has saved his navy, and by extension very likely tipped the scales for the eventual victory in the Great Northern War.
#the admiral admires#the admiral's homebrew#historical baes#Iver Huitfeldt#I am literally writing a book on this man#does it show?#danish history#norwegian history#naval history#1700's history#18th century history#18th century people#17th century people#the wizened librarian#history husbands
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Playlist musicale 2019 (2/2)
Liste des chansons (playlist 2019 - part. 2)
Mise à jour : 31 décembre 2019
playlist 2019 (part.2), playlist 2019 (part. 1)
playlist 2018 (part. 2), playlist 2018 (part. 1)
playlist 2017 (part. 2), playlist 2017 (part. 1)
playlist 2016 (part. 2), playlist 2016 (part. 1)
playlist 2015
0-9 #
16 Horsepower - American Wheeze (1996)
A
AaRON - Blouson Noir (2015)
Abd Al Malik - Le jeune noir à l’épée (2019)
The Afghan Whigs - Algiers (2014)
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The Bombardment of Algiers, 27 August 1816
In 1816 a squadron under Admiral Sir Edward Pellew was fitted out and sent to Algiers where they arrived, in company with a small Dutch squadron, on 27 August 1816. They sought the release of the British Consul, who had been detained, and over 1000 Christian slaves, many being seamen taken by the Algerines. When they received no reply the fleet bombarded Algiers in the most spectacular of several similar punitive actions of this period that finally broke the power of the 'Barbary pirates', who had been a plague on European commerce in the Mediterranean for centuries. Pellew was subsequently created Viscount Exmouth.
In the foreground of the painting is a barge with a howitzer in the bows and a lieutenant standing at her tiller. To the left of her are two boats, one sunk and the other with sailors rescuing the crew. In the right foreground is a fallen spar and another barge with a carronade in her bow. Beyond her more boats are sheltering under the 'Impregnable', 98 guns, the fore part of whose bow is in the picture. In the left middle distance there are three more boats under the stern of the 'Minden', 74 guns, one of which is about to fire a Congreve rocket. The 'Minden', in port-quarter view, is firing her starboard guns, and partly masks the 'Superb' also in port-quarter view. More boats are sheltering under the port side of their hulls. In the left background can be seen the forepart of the Dutch flagship 'Melampus', 40 guns, in starboard-broadside view and ahead of her the stern of a British frigate. In the middle and right background is the 'Queen Charlotte', 100 guns, in port-quarter view, flying Pellew's blue admiral's flag at the main, and a glimpse of the 'Leander', 50 guns, ahead of her. They are engaged with the batteries of the harbour, engulfed in flame, and the ships burning within it. Above the smoke Algiers can be seen rising up the hills behind.
All Exmouth's aims in the action were achieved: 1083 Christian slaves and the British Consul were liberated, massive restitution paid and peace made between Algiers and the Dutch. Exmouth was raised to a viscountcy and several of his friends and associates, who wanted to commemorate the bombardment, subscribed 200 guineas to commission the artist to paint the event for inclusion in the Naval Gallery at Greenwich Hospital. E. H. Locker, Secretary and Commissioner of the Hospital was a key figure in the matter both because he had been secretary to Pellew, 1804-14, and because he had already (in 1835) commissioned a copy of Benjamin West's 'Battle of La Hogue, 1692' for the Gallery from Chambers, whose most important late work this is.
The artist went to Plymouth to sketch the men-of-war in the production of this painting and the Museum also has a number of the preliminary drawings for it and a freely painted oil study (BHC0615). The finished painting was exhibited in 1837 at the British Institution, as painted for the Hospital, before being put on permanent display in the Naval Gallery there.
https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-12109
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Barfleur and La Hogue - the Little-Known Naval Victories of the Williamite Wars
The Glorious Revolution and the ensuing battles in the Williamite Wars and the Jacobite Risings are generally well known - the Boyne, Londonderry and Aughrim all live on in popular history. Less well-known, but no less decisive, was the naval engagement that occurred off (and indeed, on) the northern coast of France on May 29 1692.
In 1688 the Catholic King James VII had fled Britain, and was replaced by the Protestant Dutchman King William III, Prince of Orange, who was married to James’s daughter. James tried to instigate a rebellion against William in Ireland, but his campaign was stymied at the siege of Londonderry in 1689, set back by the battle of the Boyne in 1690, and finally crushed at Aughrim in 1691. James fled to sanctuary in Catholic France, where his ally and the mortal enemy of William, Louis XIV, promised to assist him in retaking the British thrones.
in 1692 James and Louis assembled a fleet of French ships and an invasion force of French troops and exiled Jacobites, most of them Irish. Commanded by French admiral Tourville, the fleet of 44 ships of the line set sail for England in May. Knowing of the coming invasion, a combined fleet of British and Dutch ships - 82 in all - assembled at the Isle of Wight to stop the invasion.
The fleets sighted each other at first light on 29 May 1692, off Cap Barfleur. On sighting the allied fleet, Tourville held a conference with his officers. Their advice, and his own opinion, was against action; however, Tourville felt bound by strict orders from the king to engage. He may also have expected some defections by English captains with Jacobite sympathies, though in this he was to be disappointed.
Owing to the calm conditions, it was not until after 11 am, five hours after first sighting each other, that the two fleets engaged. Tourville had reinforced his centre, the White squadron under his own command, in order to engage Russell's Red squadron with close to equal numbers. Elsewhere, he sought to minimize damage by extending and refusing the van, to avoid them being turned and overwhelmed, while the rear was held back to keep the weathergage. The Allied commander, Russell, countered by holding fire as long as possible, to allow the French to come closer; Almonde, in the van, extended to try to overlap the French line, while Ashby, with the rear and some way off, sought to close and bring his Blue squadron into action. From around 11 am, and for the next few hours, both fleets bombarded each other, causing considerable damage.
The battle continued for the rest of the day and into the night, and was full of incident. At 1 pm, a change in the wind allowed Rear Admiral of the Red Sir Cloudesley Shovell to break the French line and the Dutch to start enveloping the French van. A flat calm descended at 4 pm, leaving both fleets in a fog. At 6 pm, Tourville was able to use the tide to gain a respite, and Shovell used the same tide at 8 pm for a fireship attack.
By 10 pm, the battle was almost over. Surprisingly, though most ships on both sides were damaged, and some severely, no ships from either battle line were lost. At the turn of the tide, Tourville again took advantage of this to cut cables and be carried down channel on the ebb, away from the scene of battle. Russell also cut when he realized what had happened, in order to give chase into the night.
First light on the 30 May saw the French fleet scattered into groups across a wide area. To the north of the battle scene, and heading northward, were Gabaret and Langeron, with four ships between them. They skirted the English coast later that day, and headed out into the Atlantic; eventually they would arrive safely at Brest. To the south, Nesmond was heading south-east towards the Normandy coast with six ships. Two of these would be beached at Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue, while another two would later put into Le Havre, where L’Entendu was wrecked at the harbour entrance. Nesmond, with the remaining two ships Monarque and Aimable, passed through the Strait of Dover, went north around Britain and finally arrived safely at Brest. Heading west was the main body in three groups: Villette leading with 15, followed by d’Amfreville with 12, and Tourville bringing up the rear with seven. The French were able to close up during the day, but Tourville was hampered by his efforts to save his flagship, Soleil Royal, which was in a pitiable condition. He recognized this later that day, and transferred his flag to L’Ambiteux.
In pursuit was Philips van Almonde and the Dutch fleet, with the various English divisions scattered behind. Many of these, particularly those of the English Red, were hampered by damage and lagged behind, leaving Almonde and Ashby closer to the French by the end of the day. Russell was forced to detach three ships to return to port for repairs. These later sighted Gabaret's group, but neither engaged. Shovell had to move his flag to Kent, owing to the damage to his flagship Royal William, while the damage to Britannia, Russell's flagship, caused his division serious delay.
On 31 May the French fleet was anchored against the tide off Cap de la Hague. The leading contingent, twenty-one ships—now under Pannetier—had rounded the cape and was in the Alderney Race, while the remainder, thirteen with Tourville and the other flag officers, were to the east. As the weather deteriorated, these ships began to drag their anchors and were forced to cut and run before the wind and tide. Three of the most badly damaged were forced to beach at Cherbourg; the rest, ten ships, reached St Vaast la Hougue where they too were beached, joining the two of Nesmond’s division that were already there. Russell’s and the ships with him, together with some of Ashby’s Blue squadron, also cut to pursue him, while Ashby and Almonde continued to shadow Pannetier's group.
Pannetier, in order to escape the pursuing allied fleet, sought to make the hazardous passage through the Alderney Race; in this he was helped by finding in his crew a local man, Hervé Riel, to act as pilot when his navigators demurred. Almonde and Ashby did not try to follow him; they were criticized later by Russell for not doing so, although the only flag officer who knew the waters, Carter, had died of his wounds.
Almonde attempted pursuit by taking his squadron west of Alderney, but the delay allowed Pannetier to pull too far ahead, and Almonde abandoned the chase. Pannetier later reached Saint-Malo in safety, while Almonde and Ashby turned east to rejoin Russell at la Hogue.
While Almonde and Ashby pursued Pannetier, Russell was chasing Tourville eastward along the Cotentin coast. Tourville, without anchors, was unable to do more than beach his ships; this he was able to do, leaving three at Cherbourg and taking the remaining ten to St Vaast la Hougue (where they joined the two ships from Nesmond's division that were already there).
The Soleil Royal, Admirable, and Triomphant were in such bad shape they had to be beached at Cherbourg. They were destroyed there on 2 June by Vice-Admiral Delaval, attacking from long boats and with fireships.
Meanwhile, Russell had turned on the remaining ships. These had sought refuge at La Hougue where they would be under the protection of the assembled land forces and a battery. On 3 June and 4 June, the Dutch and English attacked with long boats. By this time, the French crews were exhausted and disheartened. The allies successfully deployed shore parties and fireships that burnt all twelve French ships of the line which had sought shelter there. This last action became celebrated in England as the Battle of La Hogue.
The dispersal of the French fleet put an end to the Franco-Jacobite invasion plans, and the Allied victory was commemorated in England by a Fleet Review. Following the battle, the French abandoned the idea of seeking naval superiority for its own sake, adopting instead a continental strategy on land and pursuing a war against trade (guerre de course) at sea.
#history#military history#royal navy#17th century#williamite wars#nine years war#louis xiv#William iii#king William iii#William prince of orange#tall ships#age of sail
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This was Trafalgar; It was Tsushima, La Hogue, Aegospotami, Salamis, and all the other utterly crushing victories, after which an entire war is changed. Seldom enough in history before had an entire navy been brought to a single battle. Never before had an entire navy lost so great a proportion of its strength as the Japanese had done.
War correspondent Fletcher Pratt looking back on the Battle of Leyte Gulf, written in 1946.
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