#based off the julian calendar

[snuize]

Will you ever do a version of Calendar man or Ratcatcher?

I really tried but this mess is all I’ve got

I likely won’t make a full design for him but this was fun to try. I love how campy his original design is and his Long Halloween design is so cunty so I tried to combine that but there’s not a lot to base anything off of since calendars are pretty simple so I got very stuck

On the other hand I will never be designing a rat catcher design because he’s already perfect

LIKE THIS IS SO AWESOME HOW COULD I IMPROVE THIS

[ancientcharm]

The recreation of the official Roman calendar "Fasti Antiates Maiores" located in the Forum Romanum. This was from the set of HBO's Rome at Cinecitta Studios. This was the Republican calendar prior to the Julian Reforms. The version this is based off is dated to 35-50 BC and is now in the Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Museo Nazionale Romano. This is how the bulk of the population that was illiterate knew when important things where happening such as religious holidays and festivals. Pieces were moved around the vertical board to illustrate when things were happening. As can be seen it is extremely detailed and listed major events chronologically.

Text by: Dan's Roman History

[dduane]

How do wizards from different cultures (or worlds) reckon with units of measure, like time or distance?

(I'd ask if it was like X or Y, but I don't know if that would prevent you from using X or Y in the future.)

These things tend to be handled along planetary lines, with wizards' manuals (or other instrumentalities) automatically handling time and measurement translations for them when they're off their homeworlds.

Measurements used by wizards while at home on a given planet, though, normally default to the systems most widely used on that planet (with periodic checks on these being run by the Powers that Be to make sure their details are valid and in synch with the physical realities of the local universe). On Earth, this means the metric system, as well as its associated standards for time—building upward or downward as necessary from the second, which these days is based on 9,192,631,770 energy transitions of the cesium atom*. Like others who deal with the sharp edges and hard corners of the universe, wizards are encouraged to stay in the majority measurement system and not, on the spur of the moment, reach for a more familiar or local one. That kind of thing, for example, is how you wind up losing Mars probes.

The system used by wizards on Earth for timetelling on a more casual level is the Julian date system. Julian dating makes for more exact assignment of times to events by getting rid of the need for stating things in terms of time zones, and additionally by avoiding the sometimes problematic differences between/among the various Earth-based calendars. This is why most events in the Young Wizards books are time-fixed using the "JD 2xxxxxx.xxx" format (it having been about two and a half million days since the start of the system, which counts from 12 noon UT on Julian-calendar date January 1, 4713 BCE). As an example, this makes it JD 2460414.016921 for me at the moment. ...Well, a moment ago.

HTH!

*The full formal wording of the definition is over here if you need it.

[troutfur]

so like. how does it work practicing a religion that in part revolves around a river 12,000 km from you

For a moment I thought you meant the Ganghes and I wondered if you were conflating Hinduism with Buddhism because that's what nowadays forms the majority of my practice. But I think you mean me being Kemetic and the river you mean is the Nile.

Truth be told there is no consensus and to some extent the whole community is experimenting with it! Comes with the territory of reconstructing a religion from archaeological evidence.

As a bit of a case study why don't we take Wep Ronpet, Egyptian New Year. The theme of the holiday in antiquity was the beginning of the flood season which renewed the fertility of the Nile valley, equated to Zep Tepi, the primordial time of creation. Among modern Kemetics it has a meaning similar to the secular New Year: out with all the negativity and chaos of the year past, in with the new.

Opinions differ as to exactly when to celebrate Wep Ronpet. The event commemorated simply does not happen anymore. Since the construction of the Aswan Dam in 1960-1970 the Nile does not flood annually, so that cannot be the benchmark.

Some Kemetics mark it with a fixed date, usually around northern hemisphere summer to coincide with the ancient date. Agust 15th (September 11th in the Julian calendar) to coincide with the Coptic Orthodox Church's Feast of the Martyrs, the direct modern descendant holiday of Wep Ronpet still celebrated in Egypt, or July 18th for the date during the New Kingdom period.

Other Kemetics may celebrate it based on their own region's agricultural calendar. If I was doing it like this here in Guatemala I could perhaps do it around May or June which is the time of year when rainfall first spikes and the famous zompopos the mayo (a type of leafcutter ant that thrives in humidity, scientific name Atta cephalotes) begin to come out.

Finally, and most popularly, many kemetics base it around the date of the heliacal rising of sirius, a once-yearly astronomical event that used to coincide fairly close to the flooding of the Nile and was as such used in antiquity to estimate the date. Since the exact date of the heliacal rising varies depending on where on the globe you are opinions differ as to what to base the calculations off of. Members of The House of Netjer base it off their main temple in Illinois where former Nisut (pharaoh) Dr. Tamara L. Siuda resides. Others base it off the date in Egypt itself. And yet others base it off their own location.

I personally am partial to August 15th for entirely personal and practical reasons. I live in Guatemala City, August 15th is a public holiday because the patron saint of the city is The Virgin of the Assumption. So The Feast of the Assumption of the Holy Virgin Mary on August 15th, both a pan-Catholic holiday and specifically a local holiday I get a day off for is fitting I think. A very specific rejection and recontextualization of the religion I was raised with.

And that's what practicing a reconstructed religion comes down to, I believe. Weaving together the threads of history, archaeology, and anthropology to forge your own relationship with the cultural and spiritual practices that speak to you from these ancient cultures.

[scotianostra]

On May 7th 1711 the Scottish philosopher David Hume was born.

I had the chance to post this on April 26th, as it also flags up as his birth date. The reason for this is the calendar change at the start of 1711, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, at times I have used the old style calendar, this year the latter.

As well as a philosopher David Hume was a historian and essayist, he is placed amongst the likes of John Locke, Francis Bacon, George Berkeley and Thomas Hobbes.

Hume is remembered for his influential system of radical philosophical empiricism, scepticism and naturalism. Hume intently believed that passion rather than reason governed human behaviour and that human knowledge was solely based on human experience.

Sadly, Hume gained fame much later in his life, his works having been appreciated and considered of immense value only posthumously. Hume began his literary journey with his masterpiece, ‘A Treatise of Human Nature’. Though the book was widely discarded and written off by the critics then, it is today considered as one of the post important works on history of western philosophy.

Hume found success only later in his life when he turned into an essayist. His job as a librarian in the University of Edinburgh helped him access a lot of research materials which provided him the guided information for his massive six volume masterpiece, ‘The History of England’. The book earned favourable response and became a bestseller. It was considered as a standard history of England during its time. He is considered as a pivotal figure in the history of philosophical thought.

As with many from past generations Hume has been scrutinised over the last few years due to his disgusting racist views. The University of Edinburgh removed the name of David Hume from one of its campus buildings, citing concerns that the 18th century philosopher’s views on race cause “distress” to modern day students. However, the move has been criticised by several academics, including some employed by the university. They pointed out that Hume’s wider writings offered profound insights into human nature and served as a source of inspiration to generations of thinkers.

In his essay, “Of National Characters,” Hume says:

I am apt to suspect the negroes and in general all other species of men (for there are four or five different kinds) to be naturally inferior to the whites. There never was a civilized nation of any other complexion than white, nor even any individual eminent either in action or speculation; no ingenious manufactures amongst them, no arts, no sciences. On the other hand, the most rude and barbarous of the whites, such as the ancient GERMANS, the present TARTARS, have still something eminent about them in their valour, form of government, or some other particular. Such a uniform and constant difference could not happen in so many countries and ages, if nature had not made an original distinction betwixt these breeds of men. Not to mention our colonies, there are Negroe slaves dispersed all over Europe, of which none ever discovered any symptoms of ingenuity, tho’ low people, without education, will start up amongst us, and distinguish themselves in every profession. In JAMAICA indeed they talk of one negroe as a man of parts and learning; but ’tis likely he is admired for very slender accomplishments like a parrot, who speaks a few words plainly.

Dr Asanga Welikala, a lecturer in public law at the university and co-convenor of the Keith Forum on Commonwealth Constitutionalism, was among those to oppose the renaming of the tower.

He wrote on Twitter: “I do not agree with this decision. David Hume’s thought has inspired me throughout a 20 year career working to further constitutional democracy in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. As an employee of Edinburgh University I was not consulted in this.”

There have also been calls for his statue to be removed from it’s prominent place on the Royal Mile.

[wanderingandfound]

Well I am white but I don't think I've ever been called Catholic before. Sorry that I asked a fun occultist edutainer why a modern religion all about nature, symbolism, and cherry-picking from every culture they can get their hands on to combine into one thing didn't adjust their holidays from the Gregorian calendar to either a) one more rhythmically equal throughout the year or b) one more astronomically true. I mean yeah okay Pope Gregory was a pope but like, protestants use the Gregorian calendar, which was created to make sure Easter stayed close to the March equinox, too. Orthodox Christians use the Julian calendar. Judaism and Islam have their own calendars too. And okay the Jesuit scholars who worked with the Chinese scholars to adjust the Chinese solar terms from mean to true sun time after Kepler's research were catholic, but that was only like a hundred years after Martin Luther.

Anyways I don't mind the original person's response because I'll always accept an "I don't know" but my question wasn't about why do Wiccans celebrate on weekends. I know why Wiccans celebrate on weekends, because people have work and school and historically these institutions have not been very understanding if you say you want to take time off to attend a non-Christian ritual. What I was asking is why do they choose the weekend closest to, say, October 31st for Samhain instead of the weekend closest to one of the actual midpoints between the autumnal equinox and the winter solstice.

Why the fuck am I being called a fundamentalist for asking why a religion whose practitioners try all the time to say "we're truer and more in tune with nature than Christianity" bases their 8 sabbats of their Wheel of the Year on the Christian holidays of the Gregorian calendar?

Like, the Wiccans I know celebrate Yule around the winter solstice despite this being Wikipedia's description of the pre-Christian Yule:

Like I want to be clear, my question wasn't rhetorical and I wanted an answer. And to repeat, because multiple people said it's easier on the weekends, I already knew why they celebrate rituals on the weekends.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 3.25

421 – Italian city Venice is founded with the dedication of the first church, that of San Giacomo di Rialto on the islet of Rialto. 708 – Pope Constantine becomes the 88th pope. He would be the last pope to visit Constantinople until 1967. 717 – Theodosius III resigns the throne to the Byzantine Empire to enter the clergy. 919 – Romanos Lekapenos seizes the Boukoleon Palace in Constantinople and becomes regent of the Byzantine emperor Constantine VII. 1000 – Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah assassinates the eunuch chief minister Barjawan and assumes control of the government. 1306 – Robert the Bruce becomes King of Scots (Scotland). 1409 – The Council of Pisa convenes, in an attempt to heal the Western Schism. 1519 – Hernando Cortes, entering province of Tabasco, defeats Tabascan Indians. 1576 – Jerome Savage takes out a sub-lease to start the Newington Butts Theatre outside London. 1584 – Sir Walter Raleigh is granted a patent to colonize Virginia. 1655 – Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is discovered by Christiaan Huygens. 1708 – A French fleet anchors nears Fife Ness as part of the planned French invasion of Britain. 1770 – Daskalogiannis, leads the people of Sfakia in the first Greek uprising against the Ottoman rule. 1802 – The Treaty of Amiens is signed as a "Definitive Treaty of Peace" between France and the United Kingdom. 1807 – The Swansea and Mumbles Railway, then known as the Oystermouth Railway, becomes the first passenger-carrying railway in the world. 1811 – Percy Bysshe Shelley is expelled from the University of Oxford for publishing the pamphlet The Necessity of Atheism. 1821 – Greek War of Independence - Traditional date of the start of the Greek War of Independence. The war had actually begun on 23 February 1821 (Julian calendar). 1845 – New Zealand Legislative Council pass the first Militia Act constituting the New Zealand Army. 1865 – American Civil War: In Virginia, Confederate forces temporarily capture Fort Stedman from the Union. 1894 – Coxey's Army, the first significant American protest march, departs Massillon, Ohio for Washington, D.C. 1905 – The Greek football club P.A.E. G.S. Diagoras is founded in the city of Rhodes. 1911 – In New York City, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire kills 146 garment workers. 1911 – Andrey Yushchinsky is murdered in Kiev, leading to the Beilis affair. 1914 – The Greek multi-sport club Aris Thessaloniki is founded in Thessaloniki. 1917 – The Georgian Orthodox Church restores its autocephaly abolished by Imperial Russia in 1811. 1918 – The Belarusian People's Republic is established. 1919 – The Tetiev pogrom occurs in Ukraine, becoming the prototype of mass murder during the Holocaust. 1924 – On the anniversary of Greek Independence, Alexandros Papanastasiou proclaims the Second Hellenic Republic. 1931 – The Scottsboro Boys are arrested in Alabama and charged with rape. 1932 – The famous Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is unveiled in Athens. 1941 – The Kingdom of Yugoslavia joins the Axis powers with the signing of the Tripartite Pact. 1947 – An explosion in a coal mine in Centralia, Illinois kills 111. 1948 – The first successful tornado forecast predicts that a tornado will strike Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma. 1949 – More than 92,000 kulaks are suddenly deported from the Baltic states to Siberia. 1957 – United States Customs seizes copies of Allen Ginsberg's poem "Howl" on obscenity grounds. 1957 – The European Economic Community is established with West Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg as the first members. 1959 – Chain Island is sold by the State of California to Russell Gallaway III, a Sacramento businessman who plans to use it as a "hunting and fishing retreat", for $5,258.20 ($48,877 in 2021). 1965 – Civil rights activists led by Martin Luther King Jr. successfully complete their 4-day 50-mile march from Selma to the capitol in Montgomery, Alabama. 1971 – The Army of the Republic of Vietnam abandon an attempt to cut off the Ho Chi Minh trail in Laos. 1975 – Faisal of Saudi Arabia is shot and killed by his nephew. 1979 – The first fully functional Space Shuttle orbiter, Columbia, is delivered to the John F. Kennedy Space Center to be prepared for its first launch. 1988 – The Candle demonstration in Bratislava is the first mass demonstration of the 1980s against the communist regime in Czechoslovakia. 1995 – WikiWikiWeb, the world's first wiki, and part of the Portland Pattern Repository, is made public by Ward Cunningham. 1996 – The European Union's Veterinarian Committee bans the export of British beef and its by-products as a result of mad cow disease (Bovine spongiform encephalopathy). 2006 – Capitol Hill massacre: A gunman kills six people before taking his own life at a party in Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood. 2006 – Protesters demanding a new election in Belarus, following the rigged 2006 Belarusian presidential election, clash with riot police. Opposition leader Aleksander Kozulin is among several protesters arrested. 2018 – Syrian civil war: Following the completion of the Afrin offensive, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) initiate an insurgency against the Turkish occupation of the Afrin District.

[cookiescr]

Nah we do have an union, the issue is they are bad and they try to sell us the worst ever deals as something good. Plus there aren’t many supporters, so they can’t rlly put pressure on the management.

China is super unreliable about anything so we don’t actually know how big the protests were or how bad the new sting is

Starting beef out of boredom is such a mood

I just read this years statistics about tourism and it’s back again on a high since 2019, sp the pandemic doesn’t affect the vacation time that much anymore here. Plus we are a Christmas and winter tourism country and ppl are still willing to pay horrendous money for skiing and hot wine

If you go to Japan with ur gf during winter time you will be able to see snow too. Y’all can get a nice private onsen at the feet of mt Fuji while having a great view. Top experience, would recommend 10/10

Nah the 7th January is an actual date for Xmas for orthodox ppl, since they follow another calendar on this matter

Ohhh that kinda sucks then that most of the people there don’t care about it like it could benefit all y’all a lot :/

Not seeing a lot of media coverage on anything about it and ngl just see random tiktoks about it and idk about using tiktok as a main source of news akjdsmms

Atziri has now made an enemy after fighting this random sim

Skiing sounds fun but also sounds like more of a rich people thing 😭 also damn I’m def still wary of going out because people still do get covid and shit

We kinda decided that she goes here because the risk of like going to japan with a really weak passport is not great. I could get off loaded because ph immigration very wary of like solo travelers esp if it’s like ur first time so that’d be a waste of money for both of us but damn i really wanted to go to japan like i actually scoped out some onsen places. Also not sure if they’ve opened their borders to the philippines already most likely nah

Ohh :0 is it the one where you base on the julian calendar instead of the gregorian calendar?

[importantbreadmilkshake]

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[enigmamuse]

Scriddler Hallmark Christmas AU

(this is a joke/goof/bit & is not going to be a continuing story)

Edward steps off of the Greyhound bus onto the lightly frosted Georgian dirt road. So this is where the sidewalk ends. A dark green coat drapes over his shoulders, coordinating with the large suitcase brought to him by the bus attendant. He fishes a ticket out of his pocket, and frowns at the small text indicating his current location. “What is nowhere and somewhere at the same time?” he mutters, “...Me, apparently.” The ornery woman working at the bus station some hundreds of miles away in Gotham must not have appreciated his questioning; people rarely do. 

Edward stretches, taking in the scenery: vacant crop fields past their harvest, accumulating snow atop leftover wilting leaves. A cozy red brick welcome center and young Virginia pine trees decorated with a generous number of string lights, accompanied by homemade cutouts of Jesus, Mary, Joseph, and company. In the distance, he could make out a “If you died today, where would you spend eternity?” billboard. Oh, countryside charm. 

In truth, his “vacation” is little more than an alibi. He had caught wind that Julian Day - of all the undeserving half-wits - obtained superpowers, and that the D-lister was aligning his next series of holiday-themed escapades around the Martian calendar. Bullshit, Edward thought. But, by his calculations, Julian’s plans line up too closely with Earth Christmas. A long sigh escapes his mouth and he pinches the bridge of his nose. He had previously concocted an ingenious puzzle box heist involving a secret Santa charity gala being held at the Gotham City Museum, but he wanted absolutely no association with Mr. Day's lunacy. How would it look if people were to associate him with the bottom of the barrel? He thinks he might just die on the spot if he were overshadowed by the likes of Calender Man. So the next plan was to get the hell out of Gotham before the Riddler could be blamed for whatever nonsense might occur come Christmas Day.

Edward looks around some more, then back at his phone. No new messages. He was growing impatient waiting for his BnB contact to pick him up. The unexpected chill of Southern winter slowly creeps to his fingers and toes, and he tucks his hands in his coat pockets, trying to focus on the people walking in and out of the bus station. The lot of them look rather plain and unremarkable - far from the metropolitan sense of fashion he was accustomed to seeing, including his own. He glances down at his outfit - the green wool overcoat and matching leather shoes are the only pieces that might stick out, in his opinion. He shakes his head, remembering the focus of this trip is to fly under the radar.

A tap on his shoulder; Edward jumps. Whipping around to look at the cause of the disturbance, he’s met with the vision of a tall, gaunt man who looks to be only slightly older than himself. Even with his hunched over posture, Edward can tell this man, clad in layers of winter clothing that do nothing to hide his willowy build, is decently over six feet tall. A pair of thick-lensed glasses framed by dark brown bangs overwhelms his face, only interrupted by a very pronounced nose. When and how was he able to sneak up on him like that?

“Mr. Edward... Nashton?” the man says, his low voice softer and more rounded than Edward expected from his sharp appearance. A fake name. He looks Edward over, pausing to survey the snowflakes fallen to rest on his bright auburn hair. “Sorry for the wait. Truck was a bit worse at handling ice than expected.” He gestures with his thumb back to his vehicle - a classic pickup with a sizeable pine tree strapped into the bed. Edward wonders how someone who supposedly owns a place called Keeny Manor settles on driving a Ford POS. “Anyway… name’s Jonathan Crane.”

short intro based on this ask by @acrylic-kettle. Edward is still the Riddler, but Jon is a serial killer therapist still living in small town Georgia

[bastart13]

I fell in love with the holiday stickers you did for The Arcana. Though quick question. I know Portia and Julian are celebrating Hanukkah, Nadia is celebrating Diwali, and Lucio with Christmas, what about Muriel and Asra? Are they celebrating Winter Solstice?

Those stickers are based off my modern/real world AU headcanons for each character and Asra is muslim while Muriel is athiest. From my understanding, because Islamic holidays are based on a different calendar they don’t have any specific winter holidays so I ended up drawing him based on the idea that he doesn’t have to celebrate anything specifically during this time.

With Muriel, I think he’d be pretty pessimistic about celebrations and holidays (especially with how overboard Lucio gets) so at most he’ll be happy at New Year’s, but similar to Asra he can be happy and around loved ones without having to celebrate anything in particular. There’s a lot of pressure, especially in Western countries to join in on holiday traditions, but it’s not for everyone and I feel like that’s Muriel.

It doesn’t exactly relate to the question, but I also think it would be cute if Muriel tries to learn more about the culture he’s from later in life (so, like Kazakhstan or Mongolia in a modern AU) and incorporates some of those traditions into his life.

[dreadfutures]

He Who Sleeps with Tigers & the twelfth knight / the twelfth night

These sound rll interesting 👀

Thanks sienna!!!

OKAY so disclaimer I was raised very very catholic this might be my OLDEST wip in the book from like, middle school.

The Twelfth Knight/ Twelfth Night is a heavily religious tale with a lot of mysticism-borderline-magic. When the Julian Calendar switched over to the Gregorian Calendar, it was done at the hand of a Catholic pope. Eleven days were removed from that year in order to reconcile the dates. "All time is sacred" and those days weren't just struck from the calendar--they were struck from time itself. God sent the pope a vision that said those eleven days would be captured by Satan and used to take over the world and thwart God's plan for the end of the world, and so the pope decided that there needed to be Holy Protectors for each of the days.

People were chosen to "house" one day of the apocalypse in their souls, blessed (or doomed) to live as immortals until the time they would be called back to God's side. But twelve people were chosen for eleven days: the twelfth person (my main character, Felix) was the Protector of the Protectors--basically the designated survivor. He would be the last to die. Close up shop on the universe, basically.

And anyway it's part Dan Brown, part Narnia, part weirdly romantic magical Catholic mysticism, and I'm still quite fond of it.

-:-:-:-

He Who Sleeps with Tigers below the cut:

He Who Sleeps with Tigers is the placeholder title for the first entry of a series that I call "the young gods" - a kind of spirited away concept where not just natural phenomenon but concepts and ideas take on a life of their own in a hidden world parallel to ours.

The Spirits are all kind of based off the Angelarium project

Nikte, a girl somewhere in central america in ancient times, falls victim to a flash flood and gets taken in by the spirit who rules over that floodplain. They end up coming to love and respect each other and she helps him rule over his kingdom's affairs. He decides, many years into their companionship, to introduce her to the Ocean. Ocean says that if the River King and Nikte want to remain together for eternity, Nikte must be returned to the mortal earth and find her own way back to the River King out of her own volition.

Nikte's stories of living with the River King are told like fables interspersed in a modern story of Nikte, now in the modern age, and her friend Ziva who is an ecology and environmental studies researcher. They live in a coastal community. It's Ziva's birthday and weird things end up happening that lead them to cross over into the Spirit World. But instead of finding the River King, they find that he's gone missing--and so has Ocean, and Earth, and Moon, and Night... All of the Old Gods and their immediate children have vanished, and the Young Gods (like Commute and Radio and so on) are terrified of their fleeting, mayfly-like lives as the human race picks up a frantic pace of development.

Ziva and Nikte go on an adventure, accompanied by Tane, a minor god of campfires (so they think). They find the River King but he's got amnesia because his flood plain is a desert. He ends up becoming the new God of the Internet (there are reasons). It turns out that Ziva is the reincarnation of another woman who crossed the Gap ages ago--Tane's lover. And Tane is not in fact a minor god of campfires but rather the dual god of Wind and Flame... Ziva ends up discovering that in the process of being reincarnated, she was granted a Domain from the God of Death: Life itself. There's the resolution of the war, Ziva and Tane working out their complicated romance, and Nikte and the River King being the level-headed adults of the whole universe.

[definitelybeholderrpgideas]

Random ask: if you could fight anybody (with no negative repercussions and preferably over a petty grievance), who would it be and why? I would fight pope gregory xiii bc i hate the gregorian calendar. Of course this is based off the julian calendar, but he already got his.

Jeff Bezos, obviously. That guy could solve almost all the world's problems but actively chooses not to, plus he's basically a war criminal

[l-iliade]

the byzantine empire had their own calendar system based off of the roman julian calendar (anno mundi) as opposed to the rest of christendom which used the gregorian calendar system (anno domini). the Anno Mundi calendar was based on the historical date of the creation of earth, which was roughly 5500 years before the birth of christ, according to several greek philosophers at the time. the russians who inherited orthodoxy from the byzantine empire also inherited their calendar; even after the fall of constantinople, russian orthodox communities still used this dating system, as evidenced by the apocalyptic millenialist movements in russia in 1492, which in the AM calendar had reached the year 7000. this means using the mathematical formulas provided, according to the byzantine scholars, the year 6969 AM would have been equivalent to 1461 AD, making it mathematically the sexiest year in earth’s history

[jeanjauthor]

How do I do a book that’s pre clock invention that spans years but in one book? How do I time jump that my readers know what year or month it is?

How did the builders of Stonehenge 5,000 years ago know how to align it celestially with the solstices, etc?

Does your planet have stars visible at night? Does it have a moon that orbits that world? (Or is it an inhabitable moon orbiting a gas giant?) Does it have a sun that moves across the sky, creating angles to discern moments in time, and dividing day from night? Does it have seasons in the area where the story takes place?

...By seasons, I don't mean frozen winters, hot summers, etc. Seasons could be "monsoon rains vs dry season" or "the daily afternoon rains are coming, time to pull the laundry off the line."

In the Earth's Children series by Jean M. Auel (zero relation), the people of the Clan (her created culture for Neanderthalensis) didn't really have or use numbers (other than the mog-ur/shamans), but they did label their years for their children such as "birthing year, walking year, weaning year." They also carried a constant awareness of what season it was--any culture, from hunter-gatherer on up through agrarian (farming) will have that awareness of what time of year it is.

Once you hit industrial revolution, they'll most likely invent clocks, but long before the invention of gear mechanisms (*conveniently ignores the antikythera mechanism*) people still had calendars. The ancient Egyptian calendar began on different dates because it was dependent upon the annual flooding of the Nile, but they still had months and days because they depended upon the Moon to help order the passage of time. Same with China; their months were measured by the moon, their New Year would vary year by year, but they had months and they had days and they even had hours that were labeled.

And before the invention of geared clocks, people still had clocks. They had candles of specific regular thickness and length marked with measured cuts along the side, or a small nail stuck into the wax; when it dropped from melting (usually into a metal pan so it made a loud, noticeable noise) or the candle melted down to a particular mark, they knew how much time had passed.

They also had water clocks, which were designed to drip water at a specific rate from one container to another. These varied in shape, design, and timespan, but they are one of the most ancient recognizable timekeeping pieces available, and often consisted of a bowl floating in another, larger bowl, with the smaller bowl having a pinprick hole. When that pinprick filled the smaller bowl high enough, it would sink, and clink against the bottom of the larger bowl. These versions of timekeeping have been found in certain Indigenous American cultures as well as in African, European, and Asian communities. (Not sure about Australian indigenous.)

Macadamia nuts were used by Polynesians as literal candle-nuts, and since most macadamias are similar in size, this meant that they, too, could be burned as a unit of measuring time. (Not necessarily scientifically accurately, but hey, it works at least somewhat!)

As for measuring the passage of weeks and months and years, each region and culture had its own way of measuring time--a lot of them were annotated like this: "In the 3rd year of the reign of Thutmoses II" and "In the 43rd year of the reign of our glorious Queen Elizabeth (I)..." Of course, by the time Queen Elizabeth I ruled, they'd had the Gregorian calendar being used by most everyone in Europe, and they did have mechanical clocks, but you'd still have outliers using the Julian Calendar. (Modern day Russia, the government, uses the Gregorian now, but the Russian Orthodox Church still uses the Julian calendar, for example.)

If it's a real world era & culture, you can simply look that up. But if it's a created world & culture...you gotta figure out how they'd approach the matter. If their culture relies more upon agriculture than religion, they'd use more agriculture-specific terms.

The Coastal Salish peoples here in the Pacific Northwest literally named some of their months by which edibles were available, such as "Berry Shoot Month" for the time of year when they'd go around looking for new growth on specific bramble vines to cut, peel, and eat in the early spring, or "Salmonberry season" whcih is when the eponymously orange berries become ripe enough to harvest...which is also just before the late spring/early summer salmon spawning runs for certain salmon species. This progression of what-to-gather-when was a strong influence upon how they labeled their calendar.

If, however, it's a heavily religious community, then there may be things like specific days or months devoted to a particular god or spirit/entity, specific saint's days to celebrate at certain times of year (you're always hearing about "the Feast of St. Crispin's Day" or "we'll meet again two days after Michaelmas" in medieval-setting stories).

If it is a created world...well, that means you'll want to create a calendar. it doesn't have to be super complex, but you do want to figure out how it'll be set up, how long the days are, how long the weeks, how long the months, and of course how long the years. I haven't read the Game of Thrones series, but apparently winter lasts a really long time, so there's that. In my IaVerse, every planet has a different rotational cycle and day length, so they all had to agree upon a universal or "Alliance Standard" for measuring time...but while Earth days and V'Dan days technically aren't the same, their years (length of time it takes to go around their respective suns) actually come pretty darn close, so a Terran born on Earth will reach the age of 18 years old at about the same time as a V'Dan born on V'Dan.

However, a Terran born on Mars will be 18 in Earth years at the same time as the V'Dan born on V'Dan, IF they use Earth years, but in Mars years, they'll "only be" 9.5 years old (the Earth orbits the Sun in 365-ish days, while Mars orbits the Sun in 687 days, give or take). So everyone within the Terran United Planets has agreed that "Terran Standard" is based upon Earth measurements (Greenwich Mean Time), so no matter where you go in space, if you're aboard a Terran ship, they mark time in Terran units...and then add in a second digital display to "synch" time with whatever local area they're at.

Of course, that's high tech post-clock stuff, but it still applies to some degree--again, think of the Julian calendar versus the Gregorian calendar. Before the Russian government shifted to using the Gregorian calendar, there used to be all manner of confusion about booking hotel rooms, when business meetings were to take place, so on and so forth. And despite the fact that the Chinese calendar has been in use for far longer...they, too, have taken to using the Gregorian calendar just so that everyone can be doing business on the same page. This wasn't always the case.

If your characters are going to be traveling in a different culture, if they speak that culture's language, then they may be aware of the confusion that will occasionally strike those who are used to one system but not the other. Otherwise they'll use their own culture's time references--Rappa Nui was "named" Easter Island because that's the day of the European calendar year when the European explorers encountered it, even though it already had a name.

If they're going to be at home / not traveling, then they (and you!) won't have to worry about other cultural timekeeping methods. Just come up with your own, decide if it's based upon agriculture, astronomy, mythology, religion, and/or state leader worship (July and August are both named after Roman Emperors, Julius Caesar and his successor Augustus, iirc). It could even be a mix of things, like our own months. (January is named after Janus the two-faced god of ancient Rome, but our week-days include Wodin's Day, Thor's Day, Freya's Day, for the Norse Gods, then back to Rome for Saturn's Day, etc.)

Calendars, like cultures, are living things, constantly affected by the people creating them and living within them, shaping and reshaping everything. Don't be afraid to mix things up a little, if it's a created culture you're working within.

Hope that helps!

[professorspork]

@theseerasures​ replied to your post “made the mistake of thinking about Blake Belladonna and...”:

makes sense it’s ya girl’s birthday

okay but no I hate this actually, this is the kind of stuff that gives me brain bleed

REMNANT SHOULD NOT HAVE THE SAME MONTHS AND DAYS OF THE WEEK AS US. OUR MONTHS ARE NAMED AFTER LIKE. CAESARS AND SHIT. ROMAN GODS.

WHEN DID REMNANT SWITCH FROM THE JULIAN TO THE GREGORIAN CALENDAR?

HOW ARE THEY SUPPOSED TO HAVE THURSDAY WHEN NORA IS THOR?

like i recognize they have to have seasons for Maiden reasons but anything other than that is lunacy and SPEAKING OF LUNACY the broken moon over Remnant has an ASYNCHRONOUS SPIN and wouldn’t THAT make more sense to base a calendar off of??? LUNAR REMNANT CALENDAR OR BUST

... anyway happy birthday Blake I love you