#aviationstuff

[aviation-ame]

🌟CAR M NOTES | AVIATION LEGISLATION MODULE 10 🌟 . 🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫 ✔️Follow @aviation_ame 🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟 #dgcaexams #aviation_ame #aviationgeek #aviationgeek #aviation4u #aviationdaily #aviationstuff #aviation #aviationlovers #aviators #aviationphotography #aviationworld #aircraftengineering #aviations #aircraftmaintenanceengineer #aircraftmaintenance #airconditioning #aircraftmechanic #aviationworld #aviationpics #dgcamodule #aviationlife #aviation_lovers (at India) https://www.instagram.com/p/CJUtklehBiC/?igshid=f43ftn6iqdj7

[aviation-ame]

🌟 Fueling 🌟 . 📝 Always fuel aircraft outside, not in a hangar where fuel vapors may accumulate and increase the risk and severity of an accident. Generally, there are two types of fueling process: over-the-wing refueling and pressure refueling. Over-thewing refueling is accomplished by opening the fuel tank cap on the upper surface of the wing or fuselage, if equipped with fuselage tanks. . 📝 The fueling nozzle is carefully inserted into the fill opening and fuel is pumped into the tank. This process is similar to the process used to refuel an automobile gas tank. When finished, the cap is secured, and subsequent tanks are opened and refilled until the aircraft has the desired fuel load onboard. Pressure refueling occurs at the bottom, front, or rear of the fuel tank. A pressure refueling nozzle locks onto the fueling port at the aircraft fueling station. . 📝 Fuel is pumped into the aircraft through this secured and sealed connection. Gauges are monitored to ascertain when the tanks are properly loaded. An automatic shutoff system may be part of the aircraft system. It closes the fueling valve when the tanks are full. [Figure ] 🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫 ✔️Follow @aviation_ame 🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟 #dgcaexams #aviation_ame #aviationgeek #aviationgeek #aviation4u #aviationdaily #aviationstuff #aviation #aviationlovers #aviators #aviationphotography #aviationworld #aircraftengineering #aviations #aircraftmaintenanceengineer #aircraftmaintenance #airconditioning #aircraftmechanic #aviationworld #aviationpics #dgcamodule #aviationlife #aviation_lovers (at India) https://www.instagram.com/p/CJUs7npBEvA/?igshid=bsi18lnmr98c

[aviation-ame]

🌟 CAR M NOTES | AVIATION LEGISLATION MODULE 10 🌟 . 🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫 ✔️Follow @dgcamodule 🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟 #dgcaexams #aviation_ame #aviationgeek #aviationgeek #aviation4u #aviationdaily #aviationstuff #aviation #aviationlovers #aviators #aviationphotography #aviationworld #aircraftengineering #aviations #aircraftmaintenanceengineer #aircraftmaintenance #airconditioning #aircraftmechanic #aviationworld #aviationpics #dgcamodule #aviationlife #aviation_lovers (at India) https://www.instagram.com/p/CJSQLJqhN00/?igshid=1fazov495rxaw

[aviation-ame]

🌟 LASER CONTAMINANT ANALYZER 🌟 . 📝 Fuel trucks and fuel farms may make use of laser contaminant identification technology. All fuel exiting the storage tank going into the servicing hose is passed through the analyzer unit. Laser sensing technology determines the difference between water and solid particle contaminants. . 📝 When an excessive level of either is detected, the unit automatically shuts off flow to the fueling nozzle. Thus, aircraft are fueled only with clean dry fuel. When surfactant . Fuel bug test kits identify the level of bacteria and fungus present in a fuel load by comparing the color of a treated sample with a color chart. combined with contaminant identification technology and microorganism detection, chances of delivering clean fuel to the aircraft engines are good. [Figure ] 🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫 ✔️Follow @aviation_ame 🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟 #dgcaexams #aviation_ame #aviationgeek #aviationgeek #aviation4u #aviationdaily #aviationstuff #aviation #aviationlovers #aviators #aviationphotography #aviationworld #aircraftengineering #aviations #aircraftmaintenanceengineer #aircraftmaintenance #airconditioning #aircraftmechanic #aviationworld #aviationpics #dgcamodule #aviationlife #aviation_lovers (at India) https://www.instagram.com/p/CJSOoL-hvI-/?igshid=1x0555bfver75

[aviation-ame]

💎 CAR M NOTES | AVIATION LEGISLATION MODULE 10💎 . 🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫 ✔️Follow @aviation_ame 🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟 #dgcaexams #aviation_ame #aviationgeek #aviationgeek #aviation4u #aviationdaily #aviationstuff #aviation #aviationlovers #aviators #aviationphotography #aviationworld #aircraftengineering #aviations #aircraftmaintenanceengineer #aircraftmaintenance #airconditioning #aircraftmechanic #aviationworld #aviationpics #dgcamodule #aviationlife #aviation_lovers (at India) https://www.instagram.com/p/CJPkqxlBZfZ/?igshid=d9tyw0xf1ad3

[aviation-ame]

✈️ Bug test kits ✈️ . 📝 test fuel specifically for bacteria and fungus. While other types of microorganisms may exist, this semiquantitative test is quick and easy to perform. . 📝 Treat a fuel sample with the product and match the color of the sample to the chart for an indication of the level of bacteria and fungus present. . 🌟 These are some of the most common types of microorganisms that grow in fuel; if growth levels of fungus and bacteria are acceptable, the fuel could be usable. [Figure ] 🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫 ✔️Follow @aviation_ame 🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟 #dgcaexams #aviation_ame #aviationgeek #aviationgeek #aviation4u #aviationdaily #aviationstuff #aviation #aviationlovers #aviators #aviationphotography #aviationworld #aircraftengineering #aviations #aircraftmaintenanceengineer #aircraftmaintenance #airconditioning #aircraftmechanic #aviationworld #aviationpics #dgcamodule #aviationlife #aviation_lovers (at India) https://www.instagram.com/p/CJPj8rph0g5/?igshid=zbzpsh1all5n

[aviation-ame]

✈️ DETECTION OF FUEL CONTAMINATION ✈️ . 📝 The presence and level of microorganisms in a fuel tank can also be measured with a field device. The test detects the metabolic activity of bacteria, yeast, and molds, including sulfate reducing bacteria, and other anaerobe microorganisms. . 📝 This could be used to determine the amount of anti-microbial agent to be added to the fuel. The testing unit is shown in Figure. 🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫 ✔️Follow @aviation_ame 🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟 #dgcaexams #aviation_ame #aviationgeek #aviationgeek #aviation4u #aviationdaily #aviationstuff #aviation #aviationlovers #aviators #aviationphotography #aviationworld #aircraftengineering #aviations #aircraftmaintenanceengineer #aircraftmaintenance #airconditioning #aircraftmechanic #aviationworld #aviationpics #dgcamodule #aviationlife #aviation_lovers (at India) https://www.instagram.com/p/CJNGtIUBpF6/?igshid=dlsonyfgy2ho

[aviation-ame]

✈️ DGCA CAR M NOTES | AVIATION LEGISLATION MODULE 10 ✈️ 🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫 ✔️Follow @dgcamodule 🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟 #dgcaexams #aviation_ame #aviationgeek #aviationgeek #aviation4u #aviationdaily #aviationstuff #aviation #aviationlovers #aviators #aviationphotography #aviationworld #aircraftengineering #aviations #aircraftmaintenanceengineer #aircraftmaintenance #airconditioning #aircraftmechanic #aviationworld #aviationpics #dgcamodule #aviationlife #aviation_lovers (at India) https://www.instagram.com/p/CJNGMwsB_VB/?igshid=1bgcundeb4qd5

[aviation-ame]

✈️ DETECTION OF CONTAMINATION ✈️ . 📝 Visual inspection of fuel should always reveal a clean, bright looking liquid. Fuel should not be opaque, which could be a sign of contamination and demands further investigation. . ✈️ As mentioned, the technician must always be aware of the fuel’s appearance, as well as when and from what sources refueling has taken place. Any suspicion of contamination must be investigated. In addition to the detection methods mentioned for each type of contamination above, various field and laboratory tests can be performed on aircraft fuel to expose contamination. . ✈️ A common field test for water contamination is performed by adding a dye that dissolves in water but not fuel to a test sample drawn from the fuel tank. The more water present in the fuel, the greater the dye disperses and colors the sample. . 📝 Another common test kit commercially available contains a grey chemical powder that changes color to pink or purple when the contents of a fuel sample contains more than 30 parts per million (ppm) of water. A 15-ppm test is available for turbine engine fuel. [Figure ] . ✈️ These levels of water are considered generally unacceptable and not safe for operation of the aircraft. If levels are discovered above these amounts, time for the water to settle out of the fuel should be given or the aircraft should be defueled and refueled with acceptable fuel. 🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫 ✔️Follow @aviation_ame 🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟 #dgcaexams #aviation_ame #aviationgeek #aviationgeek #aviation4u #aviationdaily #aviationstuff #aviation #aviationlovers #aviators #aviationphotography #aviationworld #aircraftengineering #aviations #aircraftmaintenanceengineer #aircraftmaintenance #airconditioning #aircraftmechanic #aviationworld #aviationpics #dgcamodule #aviationlife #aviation_lovers (at India) https://www.instagram.com/p/CJKgcHVh8V5/?igshid=1erstbte1hta0

[aviation-ame]

🌟CAR M NOTES | AVIATION LEGISLATION MODULE 10🌟 . 🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫 ✔️Follow @dgcamodule 🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟 #dgcaexams #aviation_ame #aviationgeek #aviationgeek #aviation4u #aviationdaily #aviationstuff #aviation #aviationlovers #aviators #aviationphotography #aviationworld #aircraftengineering #aviations #aircraftmaintenanceengineer #aircraftmaintenance #airconditioning #aircraftmechanic #aviationworld #aviationpics #dgcamodule #aviationlife #aviation_lovers (at India) https://www.instagram.com/p/CJH6030BoGo/?igshid=1timnppzzmkfc

[aviation-ame]

🌟 Microorganisms 🌟 . 📝 The presence of microorganisms in turbine engine fuels is a critical problem. There are hundreds of varieties of these life forms that live in free water at the junction of the water and fuel in a fuel tank. They form a visible slime that is dark brown, grey, red, or black in color. This microbial growth can multiply rapidly and can cause interference with the proper functioning of filter elements and fuel quantity indicators. . 📝 Moreover, the slimy water/microbe layer in contact with the fuel tank surface provides a medium for electrolytic corrosion of the tank. . 📝 [Figure] Since the microbes live in free water and feed on fuel, the most powerful remedy for their presence is to keep water from accumulating in the fuel. Fuel 100 percent free of water is not practicable. By following best practices for sump draining and filter changes, combined with care of fuel stock tanks used to refuel aircraft, much of the potential for water to accumulate in the aircraft fuel tanks can be mitigated. The addition of biocides to the fuel when refueling also helps by killing organisms that are present. 🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫 ✔️Follow @aviation_ame 🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟 #dgcaexams #aviation_ame #aviationgeek #aviationgeek #aviation4u #aviationdaily #aviationstuff #aviation #aviationlovers #aviators #aviationphotography #aviationworld #aircraftengineering #aviations #aircraftmaintenanceengineer #aircraftmaintenance #airconditioning #aircraftmechanic #aviationworld #aviationpics #dgcamodule #aviationlife #aviation_lovers (at India) https://www.instagram.com/p/CJH6WTnBaZg/?igshid=1t0uaxl0ktilr

[aviation-ame]

✈️CAR M NOTES | AVIATION LEGISLATION MODULE 10 ✈️ . 🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫 ✔️Follow @dgcamodule 🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟 #dgcaexams #aviation_ame #aviationgeek #aviationgeek #aviation4u #aviationdaily #aviationstuff #aviation #aviationlovers #aviators #aviationphotography #aviationworld #aircraftengineering #aviations #aircraftmaintenanceengineer #aircraftmaintenance #airconditioning #aircraftmechanic #aviationworld #aviationpics #dgcamodule #aviationlife #aviation_lovers (at India) https://www.instagram.com/p/CJCxJiNBoP3/?igshid=1j40jkgreirjc

[aviation-ame]

✈️ HAND HELD REFRACTOMETER FOR MEASURE AMOUNT OF ANTI-ICE ADDITIVES ✈️ . 📝 It is possible that water is introduced into the aircraft fuel load during refueling with fuel that already contains water. Any suspected contamination from refueling or the general handling of the aircraft should be investigated. A change in fuel supplier may be required if water continues to be an issue despite efforts being made to keep the aircraft fuel tanks full and sumps drained on a regular basis. Note that fuel below freezing temperature may contain entrained water in ice form that may not settle into the sump until melted. . 📝 Use of an anti-icing solution in turbine fuel tanks helps prevent filter blockage from water that condenses out of the fuel as ice during flight. Note that the fuel anti-ice additive level should be monitored so that recommended quantity for the tank capacity is maintained. After repeated fueling, the level can be obscured. A field hand-held test unit can be used to check the amount of anti-ice additive already in a fuel load. [Figure ] . 📝 Strainers and filters are designed with upward flow exits to have water collect at the bottom of the fuel bowl to be drained off. This should not be overlooked. Entrained water in small quantities that makes it to the engine usually poses no problem. Large amounts of water can disrupt engine operation. Settled water in tanks can cause corrosion. This can be magnified by microorganisms that live in the fuel/water interface. High quantities of water in the fuel can also cause discrepancies in fuel quantity probe indications. . 🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫 ✔️Follow @aviation_ame 🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟 #dgcaexams #aviation_ame #aviationgeek #aviationgeek #aviation4u #aviationdaily #aviationstuff #aviation #aviationlovers #aviators #aviationphotography #aviationworld #aircraftengineering #aviations #aircraftmaintenanceengineer #aircraftmaintenance #airconditioning #aircraftmechanic #aviationworld #aviationpics #dgcamodule #aviationlife #aviation_lovers (at India) https://www.instagram.com/p/CJCwaBwB3Cp/?igshid=3rm47x88ipqc

[aviation-ame]

✈️ CAR M NOTES | AVIATION LEGISLATION MODULE 10 ✈️ . 🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫 ✔️Follow @dgcamodule 🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟 #dgcaexams #aviation_ame #aviationgeek #aviationgeek #aviation4u #aviationdaily #aviationstuff #aviation #aviationlovers #aviators #aviationphotography #aviationworld #aircraftengineering #aviations #aircraftmaintenanceengineer #aircraftmaintenance #airconditioning #aircraftmechanic #aviationworld #aviationpics #dgcamodule #aviationlife #aviation_lovers (at India) https://www.instagram.com/p/CJAO1_9h8yK/?igshid=11dz3kdfrd7tm

[aviation-ame]

🌟 A SUMP DRAIN TOOL 🌟 . 📝 Water Water can be dissolved into fuel or entrained. Entrained water can be detected by a cloudy appearance to the fuel. Close examination is required. Air in the fuel tends to cause a similar cloudy condition but is near the top of the tank. The cloudiness caused by water in the fuel tends to be more towards the bottom of the tank as the water slowly settles out. . 📝 As previously discussed, water can enter a fuel system via condensation. The water vapor in the vapor space above the liquid fuel in a fuel tank condenses when the temperature changes. It normally sinks to the bottom of the fuel tank into the sump where it can be drained off before flight. [Figure ] . 📝 However, time is required for this to happen. On some aircraft, a large amount of fuel needs to be drained before settled water reaches the drain valve. Awareness of this type of sump idiosyncrasy for a particular aircraft is important. The condition of the fuel and recent fueling practices need to be considered and are equally important. . 📝 If the aircraft has been flown often and filled immediately after flight, there is little reason to suspect water contamination beyond what would be exposed during a routine sumping. An aircraft that has sat for a long period of time with partially full fuel tanks is a cause of concern. . 🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫 ✔️Follow @aviation_ame 🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟 #dgcaexams #aviation_ame #aviationgeek #aviationgeek #aviation4u #aviationdaily #aviationstuff #aviation #aviationlovers #aviators #aviationphotography #aviationworld #aircraftengineering #aviations #aircraftmaintenanceengineer #aircraftmaintenance #airconditioning #aircraftmechanic #aviationworld #aviationpics #dgcamodule #aviationlife #aviation_lovers https://www.instagram.com/p/CJAOW1ths85/?igshid=4ysa1ihz13bo

[aviation-ame]

✈️CAR M NOTES| AVIATION LEGISLATION MODULE 10 ✈️ . 🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫 ✔️Follow @aviation_ame 🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟🛫🛫🛫🛫🛫🌟 #dgcaexams #aviation_ame #aviationgeek #aviationgeek #aviation4u #aviationdaily #aviationstuff #aviation #aviationlovers #aviators #aviationphotography #aviationworld #aircraftengineering #aviations #aircraftmaintenanceengineer #aircraftmaintenance #airconditioning #aircraftmechanic #aviationworld #aviationpics #dgcamodule #aviationlife #aviation_lovers (at India) https://www.instagram.com/p/CI9fRCYB7Fw/?igshid=fyre6bcuyxb6