#australian standard pallet specifications

[timberpallets]

Understanding Australian Standard Pallet Specifications and Dimensions

Australia has its unique standard for pallets, which differs significantly from the internationally recognized ISO pallet. This can often lead to confusion in the Australian standard pallet specifications for businesses involved in domestic and international trade. Let's delve into the specifics of the Australian standard pallet.

The Australian Standard Pallet

The standard size in Australia is 1165mm x 1165mm. These square-shaped heavy duty aluminium pallets were specifically designed to fit perfectly within the RACE containers used by Australian railways. Two pallets can be placed side by side in a RACE container, allowing for efficient transportation of goods across the country.

Key characteristics of an Australian standard pallet:

Dimensions: 1165mm x 1165mm

Material: Typically made from softwood or hardwood

Load capacity: Varies depending on the pallet's construction, but generally ranges from 1 to 2 tonnes

Compatibility: Primarily used for domestic transportation within Australia

Challenges with Australian Standard Pallets

While the Australian standard pallet is efficient for domestic transportation, it presents challenges for businesses involved in international trade. The standard ISO pallet size is 1200mm x 1000mm, which is incompatible with the Australian pallet. This discrepancy can lead to additional costs and logistical complexities for exporters and importers.

Common issues associated with Australian standard pallets:

Inefficiency in international shipping: The non-standard size can result in wasted space in shipping containers.

Additional costs: Businesses may incur extra expenses for pallet conversion or using different packaging materials.

Supply chain disruptions: The need for pallet exchange or replacement can cause delays in the supply chain.

Alternatives to Australian Standard Pallets

To overcome the limitations of the Australian standard pallet, businesses involved in international trade often consider the following options:

ISO pallets: Adopting the international standard pallet size can streamline global logistics.

Pallet conversion: Converting Australian standard pallets to ISO pallets can be done but involves additional costs and time.

Hybrid pallets: Some companies use hybrid pallets that can accommodate both Australian and international standards.

By carefully considering the options available and the potential challenges, companies can optimize their pallet usage and logistics processes.

Source

[theyaremanycolours]

Sorry to derail, but while I am not Buddhist, I am Australian, and I can tell you that guy isn't just a Bodhisattva, he's a Bunnings worker as well.

For those who don't know, Bunnings is a hardware and garden supplies store chain in Australia, and not an obscure one either - this is *The* Australian Hardware and Garden Supplies Store.

If you've ever seen the Bluey episode Hammerbarn, this is the store it's based on.

The immediate tell is the uniform - a dark green apron over a red shirt. Sure, there's usually the Bunnings logo on the chest, but it's otherwise spot on.

This also gives a bit more context for the Tiktok because, well, Bunnings is not a little store.

Bunnings stores are physically massive- pallets of equipment, huge displays of outdoor furniture, a whole outdoors area that contains a ton of plants and pots - the fact that our Bunnings worker is able to tell the customer exactly where to find that very specific type of screw is not just weird, but *extremely* weird, right off the bat.

Second, while not exactly most relevant to the Tiktok directly, the idea that an enlightened person that stayed on Earth in hopes to help people out like a Bodhisattva would work at a Bunnings actually makes a lot of sense - even outside of the customer service stuff, Bunnings is often the host of what's known as a Sausage Sizzle - it's a type of fundraiser where you sell sausages in bread with optional tomato sauce(ketchup) and onion. That would be an easy way to donate to charity and also find out about causes that need help.

I think the last point I have to say in regards to this is best illustrated by one of Bunnings own ads (Note: this is a Christmas and, so the logo's a bit different than normal, but otherwise is a standard Bunnings ad)

Anyways, that's all I have to say.

[fhvsydney]

Advance Your Career with a Forklift Course in Sydney: Professional Training for Success

In Sydney’s bustling industrial and logistics sectors, obtaining a forklift license through a professional forklift course can be the key to unlocking a range of career opportunities. At Forklift Course Sydney, we offer expert training designed to equip you with the essential skills and certification needed to excel as a proficient forklift operator.

Our forklift courses are meticulously crafted to cater to individuals at all levels of experience. For beginners, our introductory course provides a comprehensive foundation in forklift operation. You will learn the core principles of forklift mechanics, including the operation of various types of forklifts such as counterbalance, reach trucks, and pallet jacks. Our hands-on training approach ensures that you gain practical experience in safe and efficient forklift handling, from basic driving techniques to advanced load management.

For those with prior experience, our advanced forklift courses offer an opportunity to refine and expand your skills. These courses delve into more complex operational scenarios and focus on mastering advanced maneuvering techniques. You will also stay updated with the latest safety regulations and industry standards. Our seasoned instructors provide personalized guidance, helping you enhance your proficiency and address any specific challenges you may face in the field.

Safety is at the heart of our training philosophy. At Forklift Course Sydney, we prioritize creating a safe and effective learning environment. Our training facilities are equipped with the latest forklifts and safety gear, allowing you to practice in conditions that closely mimic real-world scenarios. We emphasize critical safety practices, including hazard identification, risk assessment, and emergency response procedures, ensuring you meet Australian safety standards.

Upon successful completion of our course, you will earn a nationally recognized forklift license. This certification not only enhances your employability but also demonstrates your commitment to operating forklifts safely and professionally. Whether you’re embarking on a new career or seeking to advance in your current role, Forklift Course Sydney provides the training and credentials to set you on the path to success.

Enroll in Forklift Course Sydney today and take the crucial step towards a rewarding career in forklift operation. Our expert training will help you gain the skills and certification needed to excel in Sydney’s dynamic job market.

[lotusterminalfreight]

Comprehensive Freight Management Solutions: Heat Treatment, Fumigation, and Crating Services by Lotus Terminals

At Lotus Terminals, we’re dedicated to providing our customers with the most comprehensive solutions for their freight management needs. Building on our recent announcement of our new heat treatment and fumigation services, we’re excited to delve deeper into how our Surrey, BC facility is the ultimate destination for all things heat treatment, fumigation, and freight integrity.

Our cutting-edge services ensure that customer shipments comply with even the most stringent regulations, giving our clients peace of mind and minimizing trade risks. Specifically, our treatment solution addresses the strict regulations set by the Australian Department of Agriculture and the New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries concerning brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) heat treatments.

In addition to BMSB heat treatments, our heat treatment fumigation services include:

Fumigation of stored goods: Our expert fumigation team can effectively treat stored goods to eliminate pests and maintain product integrity, ensuring that stored items remain safe for use or distribution.

Fumigation of bagged and bulk agricultural commodities: We specialize in fumigating various agricultural commodities, such as cereals, cocoa, coffee, peanuts, pulses, and tobacco, in silos, stacks, and warehouses. Our meticulous process ensures that these commodities meet regulatory standards and are free from pests or contaminants.

Fumigation prior to shipment: Prior to shipment, our fumigation services help prevent the spread of pests and pathogens, protecting both the cargo and the transport vessel. We ensure that goods are fumigated safely and efficiently to meet international shipping requirements.

Disinfection of empty holds: Empty cargo holds can harbor pests and contaminants, posing a risk to subsequent cargo shipments. Our disinfection services thoroughly sanitize empty holds, mitigating the risk of contamination and ensuring a clean environment for future cargo.

Denaturation and coloration: Our specialized treatments can denature or colour certain commodities, meeting regulatory requirements or customer specifications while maintaining product quality and safety.

Fumigation of cargos loaded in barges and other vessels, containers, trains, and trucks: We offer flexible fumigation services for cargos loaded in various transport vessels, including barges, containers, trains, and trucks. Our team ensures thorough and effective treatment to eliminate pests and ensure compliance with shipping regulations.

Biocide treatment of cargoes: Biocide treatments target specific pests or contaminants, providing targeted protection for sensitive cargoes and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards.

Treatment of agricultural commodities against insects and mites: Our treatments effectively control insects and mites in agricultural commodities, preserving product quality and ensuring compliance with agricultural regulations.

Disinfection and fumigation for the food and beverage industry: We provide comprehensive disinfection and fumigation services for facilities in the food and beverage industry, including breweries, flour mills, and malt houses. Our treatments eliminate pests and pathogens, maintaining food safety standards and protecting product integrity.

Pre-shipment treatment of wooden packaging materials: Our pre-shipment treatments for wooden packaging materials, such as crates, dunnage, pallets, and lashings, ensure compliance with International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures-15 (ISPM-15), preventing the spread of pests and facilitating international trade.

Quarantine fumigation of wood and timber: We offer quarantine fumigation services for wood and timber products, helping clients obtain phytosanitary certificates for international trade and ensuring compliance with quarantine regulations.

Ventilation and gas-free measurement: Our ventilation and gas-free measurement services ensure the safe handling and transport of cargoes, providing peace of mind for our customers and ensuring compliance with safety regulations.

But that’s not all. In addition to our specialized heat treatment and fumigation services, Lotus Terminals also offers expert crating solutions to ensure the integrity of our customer’s freight. Our crating services make cargo handling requirements more efficient, offering:

Customized Crate Design and Build: Protect your valuable freight with a custom crate engineered specifically for your cargo. Our tailored solutions ensure optimal protection during transit, minimizing the risk of damage or loss.

Industrial Shrink Wrapping: For cargo that cannot be crated, our industrial shrink wrapping provides an extra layer of protection. Marine-grade wrapping seals your freight from moisture, dust, and contaminants, safeguarding it during transport.

Crate Repair: Extend the life of your existing crates with our repair services. Our skilled technicians can assess and repair damaged crates, ensuring they remain sturdy and reliable for future shipments.

With Lotus Terminals, our customers can trust that their goods are in capable hands, ensuring compliance, safety, and efficiency every step of the way. Contact us today at bringit@lotusterminals.com for a consultation or quote and experience the difference of our comprehensive freight management solutions.

[speedrack1]

How Much Weight Can a Pallet Rack Beam Handle?

Storerooms, circulation focuses, and manufacturing plants all require pallet racks. Nonetheless, you ought to continuously involve the most suitable and secure devices in such settings. Hence, it is vital to know the restrictions of your stuff, for example, the most extreme burden it can uphold. In this article, you will analyze the power and flexibility of pallet racking to assist you with concluding whether it is the best answer for your necessities.

How serious are Pallet Rack radiates?

While examining the heap limit of pallet racks, it is fundamental to think about the racking all in all, with the heap disseminated equitably over the pillars in general or as close to this design as could be expected. While the facts confirm that singular pallet rack shafts might uphold significant weight, this ought not be done except if important. Pallet racks are effective on the grounds that the heap is circulated over a huge region and upheld by various pillars on the double.

Factors that Decide The amount Weight Might a Pallet at any point Rack Pillar Handle

How much weight that a rack framework can uphold relies on various factors, for example,

Load Limit of a Shaft: First, you really want to realize how much weight each set of distribution center bars can uphold. The heap bearing limit of a pillar is corresponding to its width, level, and sort of development. Most producers supply standard burden tables that might be utilized in a warning limit. Distributed limit accounting sheets expect similarly conveyed stacks and bar seismic or other explicit necessities.

Upstanding Limit: Not at all like the straightforward errand of ascertaining shaft limits, computing upstanding limits requires more work. A framework with 96" dividing between pillar levels could have significantly less limit than one with just 48" between shaft levels; in this way, specialists will initially look at stockroom radiates level. The specialist will likewise think about the upstanding casing format, number of levels, consecutive supporting, and different factors.

Piece and Seismic Factors: Adding section and seismic variables entangles the appraisal considerably more. Taking into account the section thickness and different variables is fundamental since the rack framework will be gotten to the chunk.

Building consents are required in pretty much every state, and seismic worries will influence rack configuration, normally requiring broad framework reinforcing to oppose seismic impacts.

What is the greatest burden limit of a Pallet Rack?

Yet again the response will depend intensely on the pallet rack producer and your picked model. Nonetheless, the normal weight limit of an Australian standard pallet is 500-1,800 kg. A few makers might have a lower limit, while others might have a higher one. Steel pallets , for example, can uphold around 2,000 kg. The genuine limit of your pallet racking depends on the amount and openness necessities as well as on the sort of things you're keeping.

Conclusion

Accept nothing about the rack limit without speaking with an accomplished rack configuration engineer. The specialist has the information and devices for estimations to ensure that the framework you pick will work dependably for a long time. Solicitation to have your estimations to be expressly stated and that they be upheld with LARC outlines specifying the specific arrangement you need to carry out.

[wovenbagsaustralia]

Buy Top Notch Poly Tarps to Cover Construction Materials & Outdoor Fixtures

Nowadays, individuals and businesses have change their source to high quality poly tarps as they are capable of covering building materials, hay, roofs, outdoor fixtures, machinery, pools and other such areas. Further, these tarps could withstand harmful UV rays and adverse weather conditions as well as dangerous external influences. According to numerous studies, the durable quality tarps are resistant to tear, wrap, shrink, split, wrinkle, and more. It is highly recommended for commercial and industrial purposes as it could protect large size goods.

What are the Perks of Buying Reliable Sand Bags?

Well known suppliers offer premium quality sand bags in Brisbane that is designed durable, strong, easy to use and UV resistant. Moreover, these bags can handle heavy weight goods and are resistant to puncture so one could not worry about losing items. These bags are used for flood control, erosion control, construction projects, landscaping, and outdoor events.

In general, renowned companies offer standard sizes or custom sizes for sand bags so customers could buy according to their preferences. They could ask bulk purchase in case of business needs within budget criteria. One could also use these bags as a barrier control against water flow to limit the risk of major structural damages. Also, the bags ensure stability and security of the goods store within. All bags are verified and made according to Australian standards.

Basically, professional suppliers are knowledgeable enough to advice consumers over queries and assist them in purchasing appropriate sandbags that will fit in their criteria. The high tensile bags are resistant to tearing and bursting.

Advantages of Choosing Eco Friendly Bags for Storage:

Established companies offer wide range of products that include woven bags, bulk bags, garden waste bags, twines, poly tarps, films and other products.

Furthermore, they also provide premium quality pp ropes, tapes, strapping and other additional accessories.

In addition, experts offer custom printing of bags so one could have their business name or company logo for extra support as well as promotion purposes.

Lastly, they also sell pallet wrapping, covers, hand wraps and other specifications to secure goods.

Get in touch with best company, if you want to buy poly tarp or visit their online portal for more options.

Source

[industrialsafetysupplyus]

 IBC Spill Pallets

Designed to meet environmental and safety regulations, the IBC Spill Pallets from Industrial And Safety Supply provide a secure and reliable way to store, transport, and handle IBCs. Each pallet is made from durable, high-density polyethylene that is impact and corrosion-resistant. The pallets also feature a unique two-piece design that offers superior strength and durability.

Industrial And Safety Supply has the perfect solution for those who need to safely store and handle Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) with their IBC Spill Pallets. These pallets are specifically designed to help protect against accidental leakage and spills, providing a safe and secure storage solution.

The pallets are designed to contain up to 1000-liters of fluid, making them ideal for storing and transporting any IBC that contains hazardous chemicals, including acids, caustics, and solvents. The pallets also feature integrated containment trays that capture any accidental spills and help protect the surrounding environment from potential contamination.

Industrial And Safety Supply’s IBC Spill Pallets are designed to meet all the requirements of the Australian Standard AS1940-2004 and AS3780-2008. These standards ensure that the pallets are constructed to the highest safety standards, helping to prevent any accidental leakage or spills.

The IBC Spill Pallets from Industrial And Safety Supply are the perfect solution for those looking for a secure and reliable way to store and handle IBCs. With these pallets, you can store, transport, and handle your IBCs with peace of mind, knowing that any potential accidental leakage or spills will be safely contained.

[europackpackagingproducts-blog]

An Overview of Europack Product Range – Packaging Containers, Packaging Materials & Packaging Products

Europack manufacture premium quality packaging products for the clients in various industries such as electronic control panels, machine components, laboratory equipment, computers, automobile, defence, pharma, drugs, and dyes industries and many more. The company exports products to Germany, China, and Japan.

The high-quality product range of Europack includes packaging boxes, packaging pallets, and packaging material. The company accepts bulk orders and economic order quantities as well. They have set high standards of quality that enable consistent products and services regardless of the specification or quantity ordered.

Europack Product Range

Corrugated Boxes

The company offers strong Corrugated Boxes used for safe storing and shipping of products. These Corrugated Boxes are available in different sizes. They are manufactured from the quality corrugated sheet and they are eco-friendly as well as recyclable.

Mono Cartons

Europack offers a variety of Mono Cartoons in customized prints and sizes. Mono Cartons are mostly used for the packaging of plastic bottles. They help in preventing duplicity and provide more strength.

Pallets

The company offers a wide range of Pallets for providing support and stability to products. The different Pallets offered by the company include Paper Pallets, Reusable Collar Pallets, Plywood Pallets, Plastic Pallets, CP Pallets, Euro Pallets, Two Way Pallets, Four Way Pallets, Hardwood Pallets, Molded Pallets, and Metal Pallets.

Wooden Skid

Wooden Skid is mostly used as a permanent foundation for heavy equipment. The company offers strong and reliable Wooden Skid that can handle heavy loads efficiently.

Wooden Boxes

Europack is a leading manufacturer of Wooden Boxes, which are mostly used export packing, air freight, and sea shipment. These reliable wooden storage boxes are specially designed for multiple handlings.

Wooden Crates

Wooden Crates are used for the storage of different types of products. The company offers the customization in types, lengths, sizes and ODC equipment. These Wooden Creates are resistant against termite.

Plywood Boxes

The company offers different types of Plywood Boxes used for export packing. These Plywood Boxes come with waterproof lining for protection against moisture and rain.

Packaging Material

Europack offers a wide range of packaging materials such as PP Sheet, Security Courier Bags, E-commerce Courier Bags, Strapping Materials, Strapping Tools, Stretch Film, Anti Corrosion Paper (Oil Paper), Silica Gel, Dehumidifier, Angle Boards, EPE Foam, Tapes, Indicators, and Bubble Film.

Plywood

The company offers a variety of Plywoods, which is used in different applications. The Plywood product range includes Flexible Plywood, Commercial Plywood, MDF Board, Birch Plywood, Marine Plywood, Phenol Bonded Plywood, Particle Board, Rubber Wood Finger Joint Board, OSB Board and Shuttering Plywood (12mm & 18mm).

Wood

Europack is a leading manufacturer, supplier, and exporter of a wide range of wood. The company offers New Zealand Pine Wood, Australian Pine Wood, Spruce Wood, Douglas Fir Wood, Teak Wood, Beach Wood, Jungle Wood, and Rubber Wood.

Laminates

The company manufactures different types of Laminates, which are useful in various applications. The Laminates product range includes Aluminum foil, Sipaulin, Hessian Cloth, VCI Material, HDPE and Polythene.

Dunnage Bag

Dunnage bags are used to stabilize cargo in containers, trucks, ships and closed rail cars.

 Dunnage Bag is more efficient in stabilizing cargo as compared to wood blocking. It is user-friendly, moisture resistant and fast to apply.

[awesomebaozhang-blog]

Standard & Customized Temporary Fencing for Australia & New Zealand

REQUIRED HARDWARE WHAT IS TEMPORARY FENCING? Temporary fencing system is a combination of components, including fence panels, bases, clamps and other optional accessories, to be used in construction sites, events and private sites for protection and sectioning.

Three temporary fencing are connected with clamps, orange plastic feet and bracings. ATF-01: Temporary fencing has firm and rigid structure for site security. WHY USE TEMPORARY FENCING? Quick and easy installation. Light-weight panels are composed of round pipe frames and welded infill meshes which are easily and quickly installed just only two person. No need to dig holes. Removable and lightweight plastic bases make the installation be more easier and will not break the ground surface at all. Fill the water or sands into the base to form a solid and strong base for whole protective system. Anti-corrosion and aging resistance. The hot dipped galvanised finish of infill mesh and frames make the temporary fencing panel excellent corrosion resistance performance. Besides, the anti-ultraviolet agent added plastic base can withstand the strong UV rays and aging resistance. Multiple panels options. Electrical temporary fencing and stable temporary fencing in different pipe sizes and wall thickness for your requirements Considerate options. Company logos, warning signs, shade clothes and special specifications can be customized to your needs. All required hardware included. Bases, clamps, braces, dog bars, shade clothes and other you wanted hardware can be supplied. Perfect for construction sites. It can be used for enclosing and warning dangerous sites and preventing unauthorized accesses. Easy installation and uninstallation performance is suitable for different construction period. Several pieces of temporary fencing are surrounding the sport field. ATF-02: Temporary fencing for enclosing sport fields.

Several pieces of temporary fencings are surrounding the construction sites. ATF-03: Temporary fencing for construction sites protection.

Several pieces of temporary fencing are surrounding a tree. ATF-04: Temporary fencing for tree guard.

Temporary fencings are enclosing the demolition sites. ATF-05: Temporary fencing for demolition site security.

WHY CHOOSE OUR TEMPORARY FENCING? Comply with Australia Standards. All the products are approved to Australian standards AS 4687-2007 Temporary Fencing and Hoarding. 360° full welding for strong structure. The infill meshes and pipe frames are welded smoothly and sturdily in 360° to extend service life and prevent breakage. Anti-ultraviolet Agents added. At least 3 types of anti-ultraviolet agent added to the plastic bases, which can resist the corrosion of UV rays and supplies excellent anti-aging performance. Additional, it has excellent color fading resistance performance and can maintain new appearance for at least Three years. Smooth surface and no burrs. All the weld pots are treated to eliminate all burrs on the surface to ensure the safe installation and uninstallation. Economical pre-galvanised finish. Galvanised before welding temporary fencing is an economical but efficient choice. galvanised materials including galvanised steel wires and steel pipes are welded together. The zinc coating can ensure at least 42 μm thickness, which can satisfy the normal applications. Sturdy hot dipped galvanised after welding. Low carbon steel wire and pipes are welded together. Then hot dipped galvanised treated for the whole panels. this can ensure at least 70 μm thickness of zinc coating. Customized fence panels and pipe thickness. Except for standard 2.1 m × 2.4 m fence panels, we can customize the special panel length and height along with the pipe thickness and diameter. Just tell us your requirements, we will free customize them for you. Free value-added service. Each container will be equipped with extra 20 clamps and 5 plastic bases for replacement. A detail of temporary fencing welding point. ATF-06: Solid welding point for firm structure.

A details of flattened ends of temporary fencing frame. ATF-07: Flattened pipe for easy welding and transporting.

A detail of smooth surface of temporary fencing. ATF-08: Smooth surface for safe installation and using.

A carton of temporary fencing clamps are tidily placed. ATF-09: Tidy clamp package.

Several pallets of temporary fencing feet in the warehouse. ATF-10: Self-production plastic feet for lowest price.

Several pallets of temporary fencing panels in the warehouse. ATF-11: Large stocks of panels for emergent orders.

OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES Shade cloth.Customized logos.Braces.Customized warning signs.Dog bars.Handrails.Razor wires.Barbed wires. A green shade cloth is installed on the temporary fencing. ATF-12: Shade Cloth

A customized logo is attached on the temporary fencing panel. ATF-13: Customized Logos

A bracing is installed on the temporary fencing panel with plastic feet fastened. ATF-14: Braces

Three warning signs are attached on the temporary fencing. ATF-15: Customized Warning Signs

A dog bar is fastened at the bottom of temporary fencing. ATF-16: Dog Bars

Four lines of barbed wires are fastened to the top of temporary fencing. ATF-17: Barbed Wires

A handrail is fixed on the temporary fencing panels. ATF-18: Handrails

Razor wires are attached at the top of temporary fencing. ATF-19: Razor Wires

[timberpallets]

Enhance Your Global Trade with Premium Australian Export Pallets

Pallets are a necessary instrument for efficient item transportation and storage in the hectic world of supply chain management and logistics. Australian export pallets made by the leading brands ensure that the pallet is made from the best quality materials and hence there is little delay in customs and quarantine procedure. In Australia, the top firms provide conventional pallet sizes, which measure 1165 mm by 1165 mm. It is essential to purchase export pallets that are manufactured specifically and prepared taking into account the rules of the country into which the pallets are going to be imported. Prominent firms provide these items.

Leading companies manufacture wooden pallets in Melbourne that can be easily lifted by forklift and hence makes transportation of goods easier. One can have their specific preferences checked and then have custom pallets that may be ordered in any size, shape, weight, or capacity specification from leading manufacturers. One-way pallets are far more advantageous for offshore needs since they reduce the need for expensive resources because the pallet does not need to be returned, allowing firms to cut expenditures.

A Short Description of Various Pallet Types Offered by Leading Brands

Standard Lightweight Pallets: These pallets are a practical choice for efficient material handling because they can support loads up to 500 kg. With the help of these pallets, businesses can meet their shipping and packaging demands at a reasonable price and maximise their productivity without going over budget. The weight differential between these pallets and regular pallets is three or four times larger.

Oversize Pallets: Items that are bigger and more substantial than typical require the use of oversized pallets. These pallets, which come from reliable suppliers, are made of premium materials and may be used for both storage and freight.

Common Heavy-Duty Pallets: Standard heavy-duty pallets, made of wood, plastic, or aluminium, are the best choice for handling big loads and withstanding weather and environment that is not suitable for normal pallets. These reusable pallets give businesses a cost-effective solution for their heavy lifting needs.

Some business organisations use standard, heavy-duty pallets, while others require bespoke pallets due to the unique forms of their products. To obtain an estimate for your company's needs, get in contact with the leading pallet suppliers.

Source

[poolwiseliving]

pool chlorinator

A salt water system provides clear water, has a lower annual cost, has no chlorine smell, and is gentle on skin and eyes. However, it costs more advance than normal chlorine and it's higher to replace parts.

Since salt remains in the water and does not evaporate, only minor salt adjustments are needed in cases of mixture from heavy rains or loss of water due to a high bather load and lots of displaying. The power supply display will indicate any issues with salt and chlorine levels, and also allows “super chlorination” which is the similar of appalling the pool.

There are a number of benefits that come with using salt chlorinators. First, they create a gentler form of chlorine which is non-irritating and does not smell like bleach. Second, gone is the problem of handling and storing chlorine.  Third, the milder sanitizer these systems produce is healthier and helps limit exposure to the less sensible components of chlorine. If all of that sounds appealing to you and you have the budget a salt chlorinator is a good choice.

Salt chlorine generators are also known as salt water pool chlorinator, salt chlorinators, or salt generators. These generators are increasing in popularity because of how environmentally friendly they are, how soft they are on the eyes and skin, and the need of less pool chemicals to maintain your pool clean. There is, however, a misconception that salt chlorinators create a chlorine-free pool. The truth is that chlorine generators dissolve salts that creates chlorine in order to keep the pool sanitized, free of bacteria, and algae-free.

How long do Salt Chlorinators last?

Like any electronic device, salt chlorinators do not last forever. They also do require some maintenance here and there. After a couple of years, you might need to replace them. Salt chlorinators can last between 3-7 years. Higher priced salt chlorinators generally last longer. Other ways to increase your salt generators life is by using the proper salt and maintaining it well. A malfunctioning salt chlorine generator can rapidly become a homeowner’s nightmare.

Types of chlorinator:

·         Naked Chlorinators

·         Astral | Hurlcon Chlorinators

·         Profacture Chlorinators

·         Magna Chlorinators

·         Davey Chlorinators

·         Magna Chlor Chlorinator

Types of salt chlorinator:

Astral VX Salt Chlorinator:

·         Easy to use control system

·         Available with or without time clock

·         Self-cleaning

·         Accurate level of chlorine is added as required

Davey AquaReviva:

·         New high performance reverse polarity in-line cell with safety flow switch

·         Zeist digital timer for quick and simple set-up

·         User-friendly settings and controls

·         Safe automatic pool sanitizing using natural minerals

·         Easy automation of your pool’s filtration system

·         Compact enclosure and cell housing made with corrosion resistant, UV stabilized materials for long service life

·         Natural flocking agent that creates a highly crystal clear pool and spa

·         Barrel union connections for easy installation

·         Proven technology and outstanding reliability

·         Operating Salt Level: 4,500 – 6,000ppm

·         Models to suit pools and spas from 5,000 to 130,000 liters

Profacture ChloroMate:

Australia has a harsh climate, a chlorinators built to withstand these conditions will last a lifetime. ChloroMate Salt water Systems are built for Australian conditions.

Advantages

·         No handling or storing of chlorine

·         Environmentally friendly

·         Fully automatic, safe and simple to use

·         Non irritating to skin and eyes

·         Sparkling clear pool water

·         Mild salt water has therapeutic benefits

·         Suitable for all pool surfaces

Standard Features

·         High flow rate cell

·         Cell output LED indicators

·         Polarity Indicator

·         Water flow detector

·         PCB controlled system protection

·         Premium quality weather proof cabinet

·         Advanced reliable electronic technology

·         Premium quality self-cleaning cell electrode

·         Easy quartz time clock with battery backup.

pool chlorinator is a device that is attached to the pool filtration system and releases chlorine or other pool cleaners automatically into the water; it just needs to be filled with the cleaner manually, and it does the rest. The chlorine feeder is attached to the pool filter and filled with a cleaner, such as chlorine sticks or tablets. The chlorinator is then set to inject chlorine at the rate and level desired.

With a chlorinator, you can set it to dispense chlorine at a specific rate dependent upon your pool’s volume, and it will automatically keep the water chlorinated at a consistent rate. Then you can forget about it, at least for a while, until it’s time to add more chlorine. But you won’t need to add chlorine to a pool chlorinator as often as you’d need to add liquid chlorine, so it does take quite a bit of the work out of sanitizing your pool. One of the best things about an automatic chlorinator is that it doesn’t take up any space in your pool the way a floating dispenser does.

Some automatic pool chlorinator can be used with both in ground and above ground pools, while other models are specific to one or the other.

Inline Pool Chlorinator:

The chlorinator is connected directly to the filtration system, usually at the end of it, just before the water is returned to the pool. This helps protect pool equipment from corrosion since the water that exits the pool and enters the filter it isn’t as strongly chlorinated as the water that enters the pool.

Offline Pool Chlorinator

It may be that you don’t have the space to add a chlorinator at the end of the filtration system, but you do have space beside it. You can connect the chlorinator to the filtration system, bypassing the rest of the equipment.

What type of chlorine to use in a pool chlorinator?

This one’s easy. It is most likely any chlorinator you get will use chlorine tablets. They last longer than liquid or particle, giving you more time between chemical additions.

What type of pool chlorinator should I Use?

Chlorine your pool needs it but what’s the best way to get it into the water?  While you can add your sanitizer manually, many pool owners prefer to automate the process and not handle chlorine any more than necessary.  If you fall into that camp, you’re in good company and you have options.  We’ll start with the very basic and end up at the bells and whistles.

Floating Chlorinators

The floating chlorine dispenser is the simplest of all, a plastic vessel that holds about three pounds of 1″ or 3″ chlorine tablets.  You load it up with tabs, put the cap back on and chuck it in the pool.  Water passes through, slowly dissolving the tablets, while the dispenser continually floats about, dispersing the chlorine.

Floating chlorinators are cheap and easily replaceable however they offer no control over the amount of sanitizer dispensed.  If you are looking for quick and easy with no technology, this might be your best option.

I went to my local pool shop recently and the woman who works there tells me I need some salt. I look at the price, and it is $14 per bag, whereas at the time bunnings was having a sale for $6 per bag. She rolled her eyes and tells me that bunnings uses "dirty salt" and that she has had customers who used bunnings salt and had brown marks over the bottom of the pool. She reckons that one customer of hers had to drain her entire pool after using bunnings salt, and get it scrubbed and re-filled.

Bunnings pool salt which is the same salt that the pool companies put into your pool on installation. It is the same salt that most visiting pool technicians would put into your pools when required. Aren't pool shop staff like car sales people you have the car now you need this and that and they charge double of that you can get elsewhere?

Also the price that bunnings are selling it is the same price it lands at pool manufacturers. Unless the pool shop buys a pallet or 2 they would be paying a premium so they need to charge $14 a bag and scare monger you to get a sale. So visit our website below.

https://poolwiseliving.com.au/

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Techniques For Improving Palletizing

RFID chips can be molded into the pallets to monitor locations and track inventory https://palletizing.com/. Block pallets utilize both parallel and perpendicular stringers to better facilitate efficient handling. A block pallet is also known as a "four-way" pallet, since a pallet-jack may be used from any side to move it. Slightly more complex hardwood block pallets, plastic pallets and metal palletizing can be lifted from all four sides.

The production of pallets accounts for 43% of hardwood and 15% of softwood usage in the U.S. A number of different organizations and associations around the world work towards establishing and promulgating standards for pallets. Some strive to develop universal standards for pallet dimensions, types of material used in construction, performance standards, and testing procedures.

Bulk boxes are closely related; they are usually large separate boxes shipped on pallets. Plastic pallets are produced and used widely in the U.S. and Europe, spurred by the adoption of the ISPM 15.

A full comparison of wood vs plastic can be made by a life cycle analysis. Plastic pallets can cost 10 times as much as hardwood pallets and even more expensive compared to cheap expendable softwood pallets.

Other organizations choose to focus on pallet standards for a specific industry or type of material . The Australian standard pallet is a pallet size commonly found in Australia but found rarely elsewhere. It is a square pallet originally made of hardwood 1,165 mm × 1,165 mm (45.87 in × 45.87 in) in size which fits perfectly in the RACE container of the Australian Railway. They are ill-suited for the standard 20 feet (6.1 m) and 40 feet ISO shipping containers used around the globe. Australian standard pallets are usually manufactured in hardwood, but 1165 × 1165 mm pallets can also be manufactured using lighter timber suitable for use as disposable pallets using 16 millimetre boards.

How To Pack Your Pallet

Since there often isn't room to drive a forklift truck into the plane to load the pallets, the load floor is equipped with electric rollers. Once a pallet is pushed through the doorway, the electric rollers are used to move it to the front or rear of the cargo hold.

Fluctuations in material prices can have a bearing on pallet price, as typically over half the price of a pallet is in the wood and another 5%-10% is in the fasteners. Options to hold down price include choosing recycled or hybrid pallets or considering a review of your pallet specifications and applications.

By using design software such as Best Pallet or Palletizing Design System, it's possible that you can find a cheaper pallet design that will suit your needs. Pallets are essential for operations and efficiency in many businesses. Pallet price can be impacted by material choice, new vs. used, pay-per-use or purchase, pallet size, quality, regional availability, and so on. So, after getting to know the Lowes manager, and the outdoor manager, I asked if I could have some of their pallets.

This will help you create a stable base with a lower center of gravity. It also helps you avoid crushing any lighter, less-dense goods. As compared to non-palletized dispatching of cargo consignments, pallet shipping is definitely costly. However their cost-effectiveness by effectively minimising the potential risks and damages to the consignments makes the pallet cargo ships a must-have in the shipping cargo dispatching domain. The use of pallets greatly depends on the type of cargo that is to be transported.

Label Shipment

Aluminum and stainless steel pallets can sell for $200 or more. Wood composite or presswood pallets typically have a price point competitive with recycled wood pallets, with the added benefits of nestability and not requiring heat treatment for international shipment. Presswood pallets are also available in several sizes, including popular quarter- and half-pallet models.

Wood pallets can pose serious bio-hazard risks as they are susceptible to bacterial and chemical contamination, such as E. coli problems in food and produce transportation, and even insect infestation, and thus the need for ISPM 15.

Discarded wooden pallets should not be used for firewood or crafts unless it has been determined that the wood in these pallets has not been treated with wood preservatives, fungicides and/or pesticides. Various pyrethrins and propiconazole are common treatments for wooden pallets. In addition, imported palletized goods are routinely fumigated with highly toxic pesticides. During use, harmful materials or chemicals also may spill on the pallet wood and be absorbed.

These costlier pallets usually require a deposit and are returned to the sender or resold as used. Many "four way" pallets are color-coded according to the loads they can bear, and other attributes.

Pallets constructed of extruded pallet components are a more obvious fit for custom sizing. One example of an extruded plastic pallet manufacturer is Custom Built Plastic Pallets. While costly, durable plastic pallets should last a long time and deliver a low cost per trip, as long as they're properly managed to avoid loss or theft.

This usually works best if you’re stacking boxes of the same size. If unable to use the overlapping pattern, make sure you rotate each new layer of boxes you add. Whatever you do, avoid stacking boxes in columns with all the boxes facing in the same direction as this makes it easier for boxes to tip over or slide during transit. When deciding how to arrange your boxes on a pallet, remember that heavy items should be placed on the bottom layer.

This provides the skid mobility in contrast to that of a pallet, which makes the skid a good option to move materials from one place to another. The skid is also good for non mobile use and is often used as the foundation of heavy machinery. At the end of the carriage, the Customer must make sure that the Customer returns to their owner any containers, pallets or packaging which is delivered to the Carrier with the Goods. Further, if for any reason (e.g. a change in the physical characteristics of the consignment) your service requirements vary, we reserve the right to negotiate the rates or to withdraw from the agreement. Jayde Transport may charge freight by weight, measurement or value and may at any time re-weigh, re-value or re-measure and charge proportional additional freight accordingly.

The core difference between LTL and Partial TL is the way it is transported rather than its size or weight. Stackable pallets have bottom support so as to be able to be placed on top of another loaded pallet and provide stability during storage and transport.

Paper pallets are prized for their cleanliness, light weight, ease of recyclability, and relatively low price point. They're usually priced only slightly higher than a similarly sized expendable wood pallet. Due to the time and expense of tooling molds for plastic pallets, custom sizing may be an expensive alternative.

Learn More About Us And Our Shipping Services That We Offer

All prices presented in these documents and future quotes regarding services provided by Jayde Transport exclude GST. Metal pallets include steel models as well as more expensive aluminum and stainless steel for specialized applications such as clean rooms or food production environments. Rolled thin steel and mesh pallets typically sell at a lower price point, competitive with reusable plastic pallets.

Extensively used in storage and warehousing, they are popular pallets for racking, with the right shape and size to be removed from transport and directly onto warehouse racking for storage. Wooden pallets typically consist of three or four stringers that support several deckboards, on top of which goods are placed. In a pallet measurement, the first number is the stringer length and the second is the deckboard length. While most pallets are wooden, pallets can also be made of plastic, metal, paper, and recycled materials. Due to this change in design, the weight of the skid does not rest on the bottom deck but rests on its vertical slats or legs instead.

They graciously gave their approval, as long as I left the painted ones alone. So, every time I see some I like, including long ones, I help myself and now have a stack of nice ones on my back basement deck under the regular decking.

Weight limits depend on the weight of the vehicle and local laws, but typically are around 34,000 – 45,000 lbs. The most typical truckload shipments are transported via dry van, flatbed, and refrigerated trailers. Partial truckload shipments are shipments that don’t completely fill the truck, but tend to remain on a single truck similar to full truckload shipments. As a result, they are subjected to less handling than LTL shipments. Average partial truckload shipments fall between LTL and FTL sizes and weight.

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316 Stainless Steel Security Screen - Marine Grade Screen

https://www.securityscreen.org/securityscreen/316-ss-security-screen.html 316 Stainless Steel Security Screen is a kind of plain woven security screen with powder coated layer. Its material 316 stainless steel wire has more than 900 MPa high tensile strength that can effectively prevent babies or children from climbing or accidentally falling. Besides the higher nickel content, 316 stainless steel wire also contains molybdenum, so compared with 304 stainless steel wire, its anti-corrosion, fire prevention and high temperature resistance properties are better. And 316 stainless steel security screen is also called 316 marine grade stainless steel mesh, it meets Australian standards and through neutral salt spray test, so it is suitable for beachfront cities and swimming pools. 316 stainless steel security screen is used for houses, banks, office buildings, chemical industry district and sea-view villas.

A piece of black 316 stainless steel security screen 316SS-1: 316 stainless steel security screen with power coated layer offers perfect corrosion resistance.A part of gray 316 stainless steel security screen. 316SS-2: The detail about mesh openings of gray 316 stainless steel security screen. Specifications:

Product name: 316 stainless steel security screen. Weave type: plain weave. Material: 316 stainless steel wire. Surface treatment: powder coated, or epoxy coated. Color: black, white, gray and natural color. Other colors like yellow and silver are also available at your requests. Wire diameter: 0.8 mm. (0.6 mm - 1.2 mm is also available at your requests.) Mesh opening : 11 mesh × 11 mesh. (Besides 10 mesh × 10 mesh, 12 mesh × 12 mesh and 14 mesh × 14 mesh, non-standard mesh openings are also available at customers' requests.) Dimensions: Length: 1500 mm, 2000 mm, 2400 mm, 3000 mm. Width: 750 mm, 800 mm, 900 mm, 1000 mm, 1200 mm, 1500 mm. Note: Special dimensions are also available according to your requirements. Guarantee: ten years. A yellow pencil on 316 stainless steel security screen for contrast. 316SS-3: 316 stainless steel security screen can effectively prevent rats biting, mosquitoes or pets collision damage.A Coin besides 316 stainless steel security screen for contrast. 316SS-4: Its nice shape, smooth surface and firm structure attract customers. Features:

Excellent anti-corrosion: 316 stainless steel security screen with powder coated layer offers better corrosion resistance than 304 stainless steel security screen. High tensile strength: 316 stainless steel wire has more than 900 MPa high tensile strength, so it can prevent babies or children from climbing or accidentally falling, this aids to ensure the safety of children and babies. And it can effectively prevent clothes, flower pots or other clutter on the balcony from falling onto the ground. Good moisture resistant: 316 stainless steel security screen is also called 316 marine grade stainless steel mesh, it meets Australian standards and through neutral salt spray test, so it is suitable for swimming pool, industrial district and beachfront cities. Safety protection: Its material 316 stainless steel wire offers superior strength that can prevent damage from knives, scissors, hammers and saws. This aids to ensure your safety in your house or office and give you peace of mind. Protection against insects and rodents: 316 stainless steel security screen gets rid of mosquitoes and its wear resistance property can effectively prevent rats biting or pets collision damage. Privacy guarantee: This feature is only for black 316 stainless steel security screen, you can see outdoor views clearly but invisible for people from outside. Super privacy effect makes you feel at ease in your house or office buildings. Beautiful appearance: 316 stainless steel security screen fits for new and high-end doors and windows in different applications, it meets the needs of high-end customers. Its nice shape, firm structure, smooth uniform mesh surface, consistent latitude and longitude make 316 stainless steel security screen become the best choice for high-end home and office security protection. Invisible ventilation: 316 stainless steel security screen offers good lighting and ventilation, it can keep natural flow of fresh air 24 hours a day and reduce the sub-health that is caused by air conditioning, this ensures you and your family have a healthy body and mind. Energy saving: 316 stainless steel security screen completely uses environmentally friendly materials and reduces waste of resources, so 316 stainless steel security screen offers 3-5 times longer service life than ordinary screens. Ultraviolet light prevention: 316 stainless steel security screen effectively resists up to 30% UV rays, so you can avoid UV damage to the skin while enjoy the warm sunlight. At the same time it can prevent furniture in the house from fading or accelerated aging. Easy to clean: Do not worry about the cleaning of 316 stainless steel security screen, dust or oil on the screen is easy to clean, use a vacuum cleaner or a soft brush to wipe and it can be bright as new at once. Bulletproof function: Banks, organs and units, enterprises and public institutions or other institutions that need strict security protection use 316 stainless steel security screen to resist bullets. Widely application: 316 stainless steel security screen is widely used in different fields for many applications, it is suitable for houses, chemical industry atmosphere, office buildings, suburbs, banks and beachfront cities. Fire prevention: Besides the higher nickel content, 316 stainless steel wire also contains molybdenum, so compared with 304 stainless steel wire, its fire prevention and high temperature resistance properties are better. In fact, 316 stainless steel security screen is more suitable for marine atmosphere areas and chemical industry environment. 316 stainless steel security screen for knife test. 316SS-5: Its material 316 stainless steel wire offers superior strength that can prevent damage from knife.316 stainless steel security screen for scissors test. 316SS-6: 316 stainless steel security screen with good toughness can withstand damage from scissors. 316 stainless steel security screen for hammer test. 316SS-7: Hammer test for 316 stainless steel security screen to prove its solid construction.316 stainless steel security screen for saw test. 316SS-8: Through saw test, 316 stainless steel security screen keeps no deformation. Application:

Banks, organs and units or other financial institutions - bulletproof function. Office buildings, villas, high-end residential buildings - anti-theft. Mountain areas, field, suburbs - anti mosquito and rodent. Beautiful resident buildings, business district needs unified management - beautiful appearance. Wet or dry cities - rust resistance and sun proof. Industrial district, beachfront cities, swimming pool - moisture resistant. Chemical industry atmosphere, marine environment - high temperature resistance. Furthermore, 316 stainless steel security screen is also suitable for airports, resorts, hospitals, schools, nursing homes and other living areas. Black 316 stainless steel security window. 316SS-9: 316 stainless steel security screen offers good lighting and ventilation.Black 316 stainless steel security screen door. 316SS-10: You can see outdoor views clearly but invisible for people from outside. Packaging: Each piece of 316 stainless steel security screen is wrapped with plastic film, and then packages in a wooden case. 316 stainless steel security screen rolls can be wrapped by water-proof paper or plastic film, and then packaged in wooden cases or on pallets at your requests.

Pieces of 316 stainless steel security screen are operated by machines. 316SS-11: Several pieces of 316 stainless steel security screen are being coated in the factory.Several pieces of 316 stainless steel security screen pile up. 316SS-12: 316 stainless steel security screen offers a longer service time than ordinary screen. Packaged 316 stainless steel security screen in a wooden case. 316SS-13: 316 stainless steel security screen can be packaged in a wooden case.316 stainless steel security screen rolls are placed orderly. 316SS-14: Several rolls of 316 stainless steel security screen is placed in order in factory.

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The use and application of Tank Vents and Pressure Vacuum Vents

Tank Vents manufacturing standards, fire codes and maintenance requirements are all designed to protect people and property from the risks associated with the storage of flammable liquids. However, none of these measures provides security if they are not implemented and applied consistently. What is an emergency vent? As the name implies, Tank Vents allows the pressure in the internal fuel tank to be released in case of accumulation. This is important when a tank is in a critical situation, for example in case of fire. Tanks inside buildings and why they need a vent Over the past years, commercial development projects have increasingly needed to include a standby power system providing an alternative source of electrical power to computer servers and other similar equipment. WorkSafe regulations (and also Australian standards) require a test certifier to approve the installation of a tank in a building to ensure that it is properly maintained in accordance with all consent requirements. Open vented boilers and Tank Vents require 2 water tanks and 1 hot water storage tank. Usually, these water tanks are located in the attic of the property. And the hot water storage cylinder is kept in the store. The water from each of these tanks is then directed to a storage tank heated by a boiler, which could be used for the production of hot water in bathrooms and faucets as well as for other purposes in the property. Pressure Vacuum Vents are mainly installed above the above-ground vent pipes or under the ground fuel storage tank. The internal wiring screen and vent plugs are designed to protect the tank vent lines against blockage and intrusion of debris, insects or water. Uses of vacuum vents Pressure Vacuum Vents are used whenever desirable or necessary to reduce the level of evaporation of the contents of the tank into the environment. These vents are generally referred to as types of conservation. They are usually mounted on a pipe or flange that connects to the steam space of the storage tank. The pressure in the vapor space decreases or increases as the liquid pumps into or out of the reservoir. Changes in the atmospheric temperature result in contraction or expansion of vapors in space, resulting in an increase or decrease in pressure. Vacuum vents are set at the factory to your specifications so that the pallet assemblies in the housings open during pressure and vacuum level detection. The setting points for the vents are primarily achieved by loading the weight or loading the pallet assembly spring based on the required setting. The spatial pressure of the tank vapor works exactly the opposite of the force applied to the sets of pallets. Once the excessive pressure or vacuum condition is dissipated, the pallet assemblies close automatically. The space in the vapor of the tanks is maintained in a pressure range and within the operating limits of the vacuum. Ventilation can be normal or atmospheric ventilation or emergency ventilation. Various measures may be adopted to ensure the protection of the vessel or tank in each case. The worst case scenario usually occurs when tanks are exposed to fire. Depending on the contents of the tank and the physical characteristics of the contents, the Pressure Vacuum Vents discharge point and its configuration should be taken into account.

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MATERIALS

POSTED BY KEXIN TIAN  2/5/2018

Porta 9.5mm Tasmanian Oak Dowel

The Porta Tasmanian Oak Dowel is made from premium grade, dense and resilient hardwood. It has excellent staining qualities and is suitable for painting. Porta Dowels can be used as handrails, curtain rods, towel rails, support rods in wardrobes, peg boards, curtain rods, broom handles. They can also be used to create architectural design features in the home or commercial project with a range of finishes.

FEATURES:

o   Warm, relatively dense & resilient Hardwood

o   Core mouldings range available in Select grade

o   Excellent staining qualities

o   Suitable for wet areas with appropriate oil based undercoating protection

o   Outdoor Use above ground 7-15 years (needs to be painted or coated)

 In the design of dome, we choose 9.5mmTasmanian Oak Dowel as the support  to build the shape of structure. Every whole dowel is cut to different sizes of small piece of dowels to fit the shape. The reason of the choice of this material is that it is hard and stable, as well as it is very light and easy to cut. Because of its texture, it is easy to stick each one.

 3mm Thickness 95mm Diameter PVC Pipe

PVC has established itself as the preferred pipe for sewer, drain, waste and vent applications due to its cost effectiveness, long pipe lengths, ease of handling and installation, resistance to tree root penetration and its proven performance.

A complete range of DWV fittings for both solvent cement jointed and rubber ring jointed pipe systems is available.

FEATURES:

Corrosion resistance – PVC is completely immune to corrosion in normal sewerage and ground-water environments.

Handling/Installation – The ease of handling, installation and transport provide overall project savings.

Flexibility – The flexibility of PVC DWV pipes allow them to cope with soil movements, subsidence and expansive clays.

Superior flow characteristics – The very smooth bore and chemical resistance characteristics of PVC ensure no scale or built up corrosion, thus producing a high flow capacity.

Easily Machined/Cut – It may be cut and machined with simple tools, ready for jointing,anywhere on the pipe barrel.

Resistance to root penetration, infiltration and exfiltration – The PVC material is non-porous and well-made solvent cement jointed pipes and Vinidex rubber ring joints, designed with a high interfacial pressure, have excellent resistance to root penetration.

 We choose 3mm Thickness 95mm Diameter PVC Pipe as the connection point for every piece of Porta Tasmanian Oak Dowel. An unbroken PVC pipe is cut to 70mm length of small piece of joints. Every joint is drilled holes, which the Tasmanian Oak Dowel is inserted each hole. 95mm diameter of joint can provide more space for Tasmanian Oak Dowel to adjust its length and angle.

STRETCH WATERPROOF WRAP

Stretch wrap or stretch film is a highly stretchable plastic film that is wrapped around items. The elastic recovery keeps the items tightly bound. In contrast, shrink wrap is applied loosely around an item and shrinks tightly with heat.

It is frequently used to unitize pallet loads but also may be used for bundling smaller items. Types of stretch film include bundling stretch film, hand stretch film, extended core stretch film, machine stretch film and static dissipative film.

The most common stretch wrap material linear low-density polyethylene or LLDPE, which is produced by copolymerization of ethylene with alpha-olefins, the most common of which are butene, hexene and octene. The use of higher alpha-olefins (hexene or octene) gives rise to enhanced stretch film characteristics, particularly in respect of elongation at break and puncture resistance. Other types of polyethylene and PVC can also be used. Many films have about 500% stretch at break but are only stretched to about 100 – 300% in use. Once stretched, the elastic recovery is used to keep the load tight.

Other properties such as break strength, cling, clarity, tear resistance, static discharge, etc. are also important.

FEATURES:

·        improved stability of products or packages, forming a unit load

·        more efficient handling and storage of unit loads

·        some degree of dust and moisture protection

·        some degree of sun protection (UV stretch wraps)

 The transparent stretch waterproof wrap is used for our dome’s window. It has good elasticity and waterproof function. It is very soft, so it can be attached on the bent shape.

 POLYESTER FABRIC

Polyester is a generalised term for any fabric or textile, which is made using polyester yarns or fibres. It is a shortened name for a synthetic, man-made polymer, which, as a specific material, is most commonly referred to as a type called polyethylene terephthalate (PET). It is made by mixing ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. That all sounds extremely scientific, but basically, polyester is a kind of plastic.

FEATURE:

·         Polyester is very durable and is resistant to many chemicals

·         This is a popular fabric in the fashion industry, as it is resistant to shrining and stretching. It is also resistant to wrinkling and abrasions

·         The fibres used to create Polyester are very strong yet lightweight

·         The fibres are easily dyed

·         It retains its shape very well

·         Polyester fabric is easy to look after and it can be washed and dried at home

·         It is a quick drying fabric, so a popular choice for outdoors clothing

 The opaque Polyester Fabric is used as wall of the dome. We choose this material because it is waterproof and environmental. It is attached on PVC pipes and Tasmanian Oak Dowels by rubber band.

 MELTING GLUE STICK

The glue sticks are EVA polymer sticks, we call them hot melt sticks, there are guns available in the market, which can melt the sticks and the melted adhesive can give good bonds. It can bond /hold various materials like plastic, metal, paper, cardboard etc. Mostly used in decorative or artistic items manufacturing. E.g. RAKHI, lamp shades from thick paper, to bond card board boxes etc. At times it is used to bond, to hold the electrical wires on PVC cases.

Hot glue guns melt the glue into liquid form so that you can quickly bond materials together. They are used for crafts, decorations, light woodworking, sealing small cartons, simple repairs, and more.

At room temperature, hot melt glue sticks are in solid form and as they are applied to the surface of a material they turn into molten form. When cooled to a temperature below its melting point, hot melt glue results in a strong bond that is guaranteed to last. In fact, hot glue is as permanent as epoxy glue and it is suitable in applications where epoxy is not.

 We use this hot melt stick to connect the Tasmanian Oak Dowels and PVC joints, as well as, the transparent stretch waterproof wrap and opaque polyester fabric is stick on the Tasmanian Oak Dowels and PVC joints.

 SELLEYS LIQUID NAILS Original

Selleys Liquid Nails Original is a premium grade multi-purpose construction adhesive that delivers a consistently strong and lasting bond on most building materials. Shrinkage and thermal movement in buildings can cause bonds to weaken over time, but Liquid Nails is flexible enough to response to movement allowing a strong bond to be maintained over time.

FEATURES:

·        Strong bond – which will cope with shrinkage and thermal movement.

·        Adheres well to wet and dry timber, so there is no wait for the timber to dry.

·        Easily extruded and easy to use in low winter temperatures, so it allows you to continue with the job at low temperatures.

·        Paintable when dry, to give you a neat, quality finished job.

·        Does not drip, sag or string, so there is less mess when you are using the product.

·        Is available in a range of sizes and delivery styles.

·        Meets requirements specified by Australian Standard AS 2329-1999.

·        Bridges gaps on rough and ill fitting construction material.

·        Has a life expectancy, when cured, of 20 years.

 Liquid Nails is used for the last step on our dome to re-stick every connection to make sure the stability and sturdiness of construction. It is easy to use for building construction. However, it may not dry very quickly, it needs to be waited for 24h after using that can be sticked stably.

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The UNs Philip Alston is an expert on deprivation and he wants to know why 41m Americans are living in poverty. The Guardian joined him on a special two-week mission into the dark heart of the worlds richest nation

Los Angeles, California, 5 December

You got a choice to make, man. You could go straight on to heaven. Or you could turn right, into that.

We are in Los Angeles, in the heart of one of Americas wealthiest cities, and General Dogon, dressed in black, is our tour guide. Alongside him strolls another tall man, grey-haired and sprucely decked out in jeans and suit jacket. Professor Philip Alston is an Australian academic with a formal title: UN special rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights.

General Dogon, himself a veteran of these Skid Row streets, strides along, stepping over a dead rat without comment and skirting round a body wrapped in a worn orange blanket lying on the sidewalk.

The two men carry on for block after block after block of tatty tents and improvised tarpaulin shelters. Men and women are gathered outside the structures, squatting or sleeping, some in groups, most alone like extras in a low-budget dystopian movie.

We come to an intersection, which is when General Dogon stops and presents his guest with the choice. He points straight ahead to the end of the street, where the glistening skyscrapers of downtown LA rise up in a promise of divine riches.

Heaven.

Then he turns to the right, revealing the black power tattoo on his neck, and leads our gaze back into Skid Row bang in the center of LAs downtown. That way lies 50 blocks of concentrated human humiliation. A nightmare in plain view, in the city of dreams.

Alston turns right.

Philip Alston in downtown LA. Photograph: Dan Tuffs for the Guardian

So begins a two-week journey into the dark side of the American Dream. The spotlight of the UN monitor, an independent arbiter of human rights standards across the globe, has fallen on this occasion on the US, culminating on Friday with the release of his initial report in Washington.

His fact-finding mission into the richest nation the world has ever known has led him to investigate the tragedy at its core: the 41 million people who officially live in poverty.

Of those, nine million have zero cash income they do not receive a cent in sustenance.

Alstons epic journey has taken him from coast to coast, deprivation to deprivation. Starting in LA and San Francisco, sweeping through the Deep South, traveling on to the colonial stain of Puerto Rico then back to the stricken coal country of West Virginia, he has explored the collateral damage of Americas reliance on private enterprise to the exclusion of public help.

The Guardian had unprecedented access to the UN envoy, following him as he crossed the country, attending all his main stops and witnessing the extreme poverty he is investigating firsthand.

Think of it as payback time. As the UN special rapporteur himself put it: Washington is very keen for me to point out the poverty and human rights failings in other countries. This time Im in the US.

David Busch, who is currently homeless on Venice beach, in Los Angeles. Photograph: Dan Tuffs for the Guardian

The tour comes at a critical moment for America and the world. It began on the day that Republicans in the US Senate voted for sweeping tax cuts that will deliver a bonanza for the super wealthy while in time raising taxes on many lower-income families. The changes will exacerbate wealth inequality that is already the most extreme in any industrialized nation, with three men Bill Gates, Jeff Bezos and Warren Buffet owning as much as half of the entire American people.

A few days into the UN visit, Republican leaders took a giant leap further. They announced plans to slash key social programs in what amounts to an assault on the already threadbare welfare state.

Look up! Look at those banks, the cranes, the luxury condos going up, exclaimed General Dogon, who used to be homeless on Skid Row and now works as a local activist with Lacan. Down here, theres nothing. You see the tents back to back, theres no place for folks to go.

California made a suitable starting point for the UN visit. It epitomizes both the vast wealth generated in the tech boom for the 0.001%, and the resulting surge in housing costs that has sent homelessness soaring. Los Angeles, the city with by far the largest population of street dwellers in the country, is grappling with crisis numbers that increased 25% this past year to 55,000.

Ressy Finley, 41, was busy sterilizing the white bucket she uses to slop out in her tent in which she has lived on and off for more than a decade. She keeps her living area, a mass of worn mattresses and blankets and a few motley possessions, as clean as she can in a losing battle against rats and cockroaches. She also endures waves of bed bugs, and has large welts on her shoulder to prove it.

She receives no formal income, and what she makes on recycling bottles and cans is no way enough to afford the average rents of $1,400 a month for a tiny one-bedroom. A friend brings her food every couple of days, the rest of the time she relies on nearby missions.

She cried twice in the course of our short conversation, once when she recalled how her infant son was taken from her arms by social workers because of her drug habit (he is now 14; she has never seen him again). The second time was when she alluded to the sexual abuse that set her as a child on the path towards drugs and homelessness.

Given all that, its remarkable how positive Finley remains. What does she think of the American Dream, the idea that everyone can make it if they try hard enough? She replies instantly: I know Im going to make it.

A 41-year-old woman living on the sidewalk in Skid Row going to make it?

Sure I will, so long as I keep the faith.

What does making it mean to her?

I want to be a writer, a poet, an entrepreneur, a therapist.

Ressy Finley, who lives in a tent on 6th Street in Downtown LA. Photograph: Dan Tuffs for the Guardian

Robert Chambers occupies the next patch of sidewalk along from Finleys. Hes created an area around his tent out of wooden pallets, what passes in Skid Row for a cottage garden.

He has a sign up saying Homeless Writers Coalition, the name of a group he runs to give homeless people dignity against what he calls the animalistic aspects of their lives. Hes referring not least to the lack of public bathrooms that forces people to relieve themselves on the streets.

LA authorities have promised to provide more access to toilets, a critical issue given the deadly outbreak of Hepatitis A that began in San Diego and is spreading on the west coast claiming 21 lives mainly through lack of sanitation in homeless encampments. At night local parks and amenities are closed specifically to keep homeless people out.

Skid Row has had the use of nine toilets at night for 1,800 street-faring people. Thats a ratio well below that mandated by the UN in its camps for Syrian refugees.

Its inhuman actually, and eventually in the end you will acquire animalistic psychology, Chambers said.

He has been living on the streets for almost a year, having violated his parole terms for drug possession and in turn being turfed out of his low-cost apartment. Theres no help for him now, he said, no question of making it.

The safety net? It has too many holes in it for me.

Of all the people who crossed paths with the UN monitor, Chambers was the most dismissive of the American Dream. People dont realize its never getting better, theres no recovery for people like us. Im 67, I have a heart condition, I shouldnt be out here. I might not be too much longer.

That was a lot of bad karma to absorb on day one, and it rattled even as seasoned a student of hardship as Alston. As UN special rapporteur, hes reported on dire poverty and its impact on human rights in Saudi Arabia and China among other places. But Skid Row?

I was feeling pretty depressed, he told the Guardian later. The endless drumbeat of horror stories. At a certain point you do wonder what can anyone do about this, let alone me.

And then he took a flight up to San Francisco, to the Tenderloin district where homeless people congregate, and walked into St Boniface church.

What he saw there was an analgesic for his soul.

San Francisco, California, 6 December

The Gubbio project at St Boniface in San Francisco. The church opens its doors every weekday at 6am to allow homeless people to rest until 3pm. Photograph: David Levene for the Guardian

About 70 homeless people were quietly sleeping in pews at the back of the church, as they are allowed to do every weekday morning, with worshippers praying harmoniously in front of them. The church welcomes them in as part of the Catholic concept of extending the helping hand.

I found the church surprisingly uplifting, Alston said. It was such a simple scene and such an obvious idea. It struck me Christianity, what the hell is it about if its not this?

It was a rare drop of altruism on the west coast, competing against a sea of hostility. More than 500 anti-homeless laws have been passed in Californian cities in recent years. At a federal level, Ben Carson, the neurosurgeon who Donald Trump appointed US housing secretary, is decimating government spending on affordable housing.

Perhaps the most telling detail: apart from St Boniface and its sister church, no other place of worship in San Francisco welcomes homeless people. In fact, many have begun, even at this season of goodwill, to lock their doors to all comers simply so as to exclude homeless people.

As Tiny Gray-Garcia, herself on the streets, described it to Alston, there is a prevailing attitude that she and her peers have to contend with every day. She called it the violence of looking away.

Coy Catley, 63, in her homeless box made of cardboard sheets on a sidewalk of Tenderloin, San Francisco. Photograph: Ed Pilkington for the Guardian

That cruel streak the violence of looking away has been a feature of American life since the nations founding. The casting off the yoke of overweening government (the British monarchy) came to be equated in the minds of many Americans with states rights and the individualistic idea of making it on your own a view that is fine for those fortunate enough to do so, less happy if youre born on the wrong side of the tracks.

Countering that has been the conviction that society must protect its own against the vagaries of hunger or unemployment that informed Franklin Roosevelts New Deal and the Great Society of Lyndon Johnson. But in recent times the prevailing winds have blown strongly in the youre on your own, buddy direction. Ronald Reagan set the trend with his 1980s tax cuts, followed by Bill Clinton, whose 1996 decision to scrap welfare payments for low-income families is still punishing millions of Americans.

The cumulative attack has left struggling families, including the 15 million children who are officially in poverty, with dramatically less support than in any other industrialized economy. Now they face perhaps the greatest threat of all.

As Alston himself has written in an essay on Trumps populism and the aggressive challenge it poses to human rights: These are extraordinarily dangerous times. Almost anything seems possible.

Lowndes County, Alabama, 9 December

Aaron Thigpen discusses the poor sewage conditions in Butler County. Improper treatment has put the population at risk of diseases long believed to be extinct in the US. Photograph: Bob Miller for the Guardian

Trumps undermining of human rights, combined with the Republican threat to pare back welfare programs next year in order to pay for some of the tax cuts for the rich they are rushing through Congress, will hurt African Americans disproportionately.

Black people are 13% of the US population, but 23% of those officially in poverty and 39% of the homeless.

The racial element of Americas poverty crisis is seen nowhere more clearly than in the Deep South, where the open wounds of slavery continue to bleed. The UN special rapporteur chose as his next stop the Black Belt, the term that originally referred to the rich dark soil that exists in a band across Alabama but over time came to describe its majority African American population.

The link between soil type and demographics was not coincidental. Cotton was found to thrive in this fertile land, and that in turn spawned a trade in slaves to pick the crop. Their descendants still live in the Black Belt, still mired in poverty among the worst in the union.

You can trace the history of Americas shame, from slave times to the present day, in a set of simple graphs. The first shows the cotton-friendly soil of the Black Belt, then the slave population, followed by modern black residence and todays extreme poverty they all occupy the exact same half-moon across Alabama.

There are numerous ways you could parse the present parlous state of Alabamas black community. Perhaps the starkest is the fact that in the Black Belt so many families still have no access to sanitation. Thousands of people continue to live among open sewers of the sort normally associated with the developing world.

The crisis was revealed by the Guardian earlier this year to have led to an ongoing endemic of hookworm, an intestinal parasite that is transmitted through human waste. It is found in Africa and South Asia, but had been assumed eradicated in the US years ago.

Yet here the worm still is, sucking the blood of poor people, in the home state of Trumps US attorney general Jeff Sessions.

A disease of the developing world thriving in the worlds richest country.

The open sewerage problem is especially acute in Lowndes County, a majority black community that was an epicenter of the civil rights movement having been the setting of Martin Luther Kings Selma to Montgomery voting rights march in 1965.

Philp Alston talks to a resident. Many families in Butler and Lowndes counties choose to live with open sewer systems made from PVC pipe. Photograph: Bob Miller for the Guardian

Despite its proud history, Catherine Flowers estimates that 70% of households in the area either straight pipe their waste directly onto open ground, or have defective septic tanks incapable of dealing with heavy rains.

When her group, Alabama Center for Rural Enterprise (Acre), pressed local authorities to do something about it, officials invested $6m in extending waste treatment systems to primarily white-owned businesses while bypassing overwhelmingly black households.

Thats a glaring example of injustice, Flowers said. People who cannot afford their own systems are left to their own devices while businesses who do have the money are given public services.

Walter, a Lowndes County resident who asked not to give his last name for fear that his water supply would be cut off as a reprisal for speaking out, lives with the daily consequences of such public neglect. You get a good hard rain and it backs up into the house.

Thats a polite way of saying that sewage gurgles up into his kitchen sink, hand basin and bath, filling the house with a sickly-sweet stench.

Given these circumstances, what does he think of the ideology that anyone can make it if they try?

I suppose they could if they had the chance, Walter said. He paused, then added: Folks arent given the chance.

Had he been born white, would his sewerage problems have been fixed by now?

After another pause, he said: Not being racist, but yeah, they would.

Round the back of Walters house the true iniquity of the situation reveals itself. The yard is laced with small channels running from neighboring houses along which dark liquid flows. It congregates in viscous pools directly underneath the mobile home in which Walters son, daughter-in-law and 16-year-old granddaughter live.

It is the ultimate image of the lot of Alabamas impoverished rural black community. As American citizens they are as fully entitled to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Its just that they are surrounded by pools of excrement.

This week, the Black Belt bit back. On Tuesday a new line was added to that simple graphic, showing exactly the same half-moon across Alabama except this time it was not black but blue.

blue belt south

It depicted the army of African American voters who turned out against the odds to send Doug Jones to the US Senate, the first Democrat from Alabama to do so in a generation. It delivered a bloody nose to his opponent, the alleged child molester Roy Moore, and his puppetmasters Steve Bannon and Donald Trump.

It was arguably the most important expression of black political muscle in the region since Kings 1965 march. If the previous entries in the graphic could be labeled soil, slavery and poverty, this one should be captioned empowerment.

Guayama, Puerto Rico, 10 December

So how does Alston view the role of UN rapporteur and his visit? His full report on the US will be released next May before being presented to the UN human rights council in Geneva.

Nobody expects much to come of that: the world body has no teeth with which to enforce good behavior on recalcitrant governments. But Alston hopes that his visit will have an impact by shaming the US into reflecting on its values.

My role is to hold governments to account, he said. If the US administration doesnt want to talk about the right to housing, healthcare or food, then there are still basic human rights standards that have to be met. Its my job to point that out.

Alstons previous investigations into extreme poverty in places like Mauritania pulled no punches. We can expect the same tough love when it comes to his analysis of Puerto Rico, the next stop on his journey into Americas dark side.

Three months after Maria, the devastation wrought by the hurricane has been well documented. It tore 70,000 homes to shreds, brought industry to a standstill and caused a total blackout of the island that continues to cause havoc.

https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/dec/15/america-extreme-poverty-un-special-rapporteur