#ashkenazi Jews

[jidysz]

Polin museum of the History of Polish Jews, Warsaw, Poland

It's a great place, very worth seeing

[chanaleah]

Timeline Of Efforts To Re-Establish A Sovereign Jewish Homeland In The Land Of Israel

credit to rootsmetals

written description under the cut

Infographic vertically detailing efforts to re-establish a sovereign jewish homeland in the land of israel, and which jewish communities initiated said efforts.

539 BCE - Effort initiated by Babylonian Jews

167-160 BCE - Effort initiated by Jews in the Land Of Israel

66-73 CE - Effort initiated by Jews in the Land Of Israel

351-352 CE - Effort initiated by Jews in the Land Of Israel

556, 572 CE - Effort initiated by Jews and Samaritans in the Land Of Israel

614-617 CE - Effort initiated by Persian Jews, joined by Jews in the Land Of Israel

9th, 10th Century CE - Effort initiated by Karaite Jews

1210 CE - Effort initiated by Ashkenazi Jews

16th Century CE - Effort initiated by Sephardi Jews

18th & 19th Centuries - Effort initiated by Ashkenazi Jews

Modern Political Zionism - Effort initiated by Ashkenazi Jews; joined by Jews from around the world

[hyperpotamianarch]

I guess I'm writing erraticly lately anyway, and no one on tumblr ever really tried anything else (do tell if you know a Tumlr user who blogs in an organised manner), so it's about time I talked about Piyutim.

Of everyone around, I'm... not really the most qualified person to talk about it deeply. I am keenly aware that my interest in Piyutim never got all that deep. However, compared to the average tumblr user I probably do know a little bit more, so here goes.

The definition of a piyut is very simple: a Jewish religious poem (it may well be that poem and Piyut come from the same original Greek word). Some of them are said during prayers, some sung around the Shabbat table, or during holidays.

I would start talking about the history of Piyutim, but as I mentioned - I'm not really qualified for it. If we were talking merely about the history of religious songs, I could start with the Song of the Sea, the Song of the Well, Deborah's Song and such things, ultimately arriving to Psalms and moving onwards. But those aren't Piyutim. Some are ancient epic songs, others are songs of prayer or praise, but... I don't know. Maybe they can't be considered Piyutim because the word didn't enter the Jewish lexicon yet. Or maybe we should actually call Tehilim the first book of Piyutim, IDK.

The oldest Piyutim we still have today can maybe possibly date back to the Mishnaic period, a little less than 2000 years ago - between the destruction of the Temple around 68 CE and the codifying of the Mishnah around 220 CE. There's an old Midrash saying about Rabbi El'azar B'Rabbi Shimon that he was a Paytan (read pie-tan, more or less), a writer of Piyutim. We don't really know much about that, however. The earliest Paytan we know the name of and still have Piyutim of, however, if Yose Ben Yose. It was believed by some that he was a Cohen Gadol, Great Priest, during the time of the 2nd Temple, as he wrote a Piyut about the order of work in Yom Kippur and this idea had added to it. However, modern researchers place him far later, around the 5th or 6th century CE. He lived in the Land of Israel, where the tradition of Piyutim started.

The most famous of the Paytanim, though, came a little later: Rabbi El'azar Birabbi Qallir.

All right, so, I'm making here a huge claim and many of the more Mizrahi-leaning Piyut enthusiasts are very likely to be baffled and annoyed by that claim. Mostly because it's very likely they didn't see many Piyutim by the Qallir. At least, so I assume. It would take long to explain that point, but basically: there is scarce Ashkenazi Makhzor which doesn't have at least one Piyut by the Qallir. Ibn Ezra, when criticizing early Paytanim in his exogesis on Kohelet (ecclesiastes), focuses on the flaws of the Qallir. The Tosafot said, at some point, that the Qallir sets precedent to adding Piyutim in the middle of prayers because they believe he was a Tana, from the period the Mishnah was written, and thus could disagree with things written there. Long story. Modern Hebrew scholars sometimes laughed at his weird Hebrew - but the point here is, he was their prime example.

And with all that, many modern Jews don't actually know many of his Piyutim, including Ashkenazi ones. Because his Piyutim were written to say in the middle of the prayer, and this type of Piyutim was cut out of most prayers lately. So outside of a few samples from the High Holy Days, many people are less familiar with his work.

He still set some standards for future Piyutim, though, along with his fellow Paytan of the same period, Yanai: they were likely the first to sign their Piyutim via the acrostics. Also, they possibly were the first to make them rhyme - so if you like to write non-rhyming poetry, do remember it can still be considered a Piyut same as old school Piyutim. On a side note, if you've heard the Piyutim VaYehi Bachatzi HaLaylah or Ve'Amartem Zevach Pesach on the Seder night - both of those were written by Yannai. The acrostic is only the Hebrew alphabet and not his name, but it's still known to be his.

From then on, many Piyutim were written: by Ashkenazi Jews, Sepharadi Jews, Italki Jews, Mizrahi Jews, Yemenite Jews... basically everywhere Jews went. I mean, the Ethiopeans were cut off from the rest of Judaism for the most part, so their religious songs traditions are likely vastly different than the others, but they probably can be cosidered Piyutim as well. Among the most well know Paytanim are Kalonymus, Moshe ben Kalonymus, Rabbi Yehuda HaLevi, Rabbi Avraham Ibn Ezra, Rabbi Moshe Ibn Ezra (I think they're unrelated? But am not completely sure), Dunash Ben Labrat (who's older than most of the ones in this paragraph, sorry for putting him this late) and Rabbi Shelomo Ibn Gabirol. Most of whom are Sephardi, with Kalonymus and Moshe Ben Kalonymus (related, though I think not father and son) being Italkim who moved to Ashkenaz.

At this point, I might want to make an important distinction within Piyutim: they include, as I mentioned, both liturgical poems - said during prayers - and songs sung during feasts. The latter sort gets a lot of attention in general, and many people only mean those when talking about Piyutim. Things are still more complex than those divisions: there are many subtypes to liturgical Piyutim, depending on where they are to be said. Some of which have sneaked into the ones said in feasts. Two examples I always keep in mind are Agadelchah and Libby U'Vesari. Both of those were written by Rabbi Avraham Ibn Ezra, as their acrostic points. Both were written as preparatory poems to other prayers - as seen by their very last words being the first word of well known Jewish prayers: Agadelchah ends with "Ve'Yitgadal B'Goy Kadosh Ve'Eliyon, VeYitkadash Shemei Rabah B'Alma", which is more or less the beginning of the Kaddish, while Libby U'Vesari ends with "...Et Ki Eftaḥ Pi B'Nishmat Kol Chai". The last three words being the beginning of the prayer... Nishmat Kol Chai. It's a bit on the nose, really.

My point is, there is a division, but it's not very clearly cut. And if I wanted to make a sweeping statement, like say "Mizrahi Jews still write Piyutim today but are focused on ones for feasts"... I would be wrong. In some ways there is something to it: due to a certain Halachic development, Sepharadi and Mizrahi Jews no longer say Piyutim in the middle of their prayers. However, they have many Piyutim said as prayers unto themselves, plus the Bakashot singing exists, and... Perhaps it would be more accurate to say that much of the Ashkenazi Piyut tradition was more prayer-focused. Due to that, many Ashkenazi Piyutim weren't set to music and thus are less remembered. For example, many early Ashkenazi rabbis wrote Piyutim. If you really look it up, you can find Piyutim by Rashi, Rabbenu Tam and other Tosafot writers. There are Piyutim by Rabbenu Gershom still said in prayer to this day. But if, say, I were to talk to a fellow Jew who happens to be Mizrahi about Piyutim, he could easily deny the existence of Ashkenazi Piyutim. Especially if I, for example, admit that Moshe Ben Kalonymus was Italki and not technically Ashkenazi. Just an example, it's not like such a thing totally happened about a year ago to me.

On that cheery note, I might add that in modern day Ashkenazim really do scarcely write Piyutim. I do personally know a group that still do, specifically liturgical Piyutim, but it's rare. And after that wall of text, I can also feel safe to say a thing or two about the war.

Whoever you might be who made it this far: congradulations. No, I didn't write this wall of text to dissuade people, I really am interested in Piyutim to that level. I even wrote a couple at the beginning of this accursed war. They're... fine, I think, not exceptional.

But here's the thing: not long after I labored to write them, Yagel Harush came along with his lament on Be'eri. And, well, I should never have considered this a competition, because this guy is a proffesional singer and songwriter. He also put his Piyut to music which I did not. Basically, there is no equivalent to be made.

I'm still sad that my Piyut didn't get very far, but I'm happy to see how wide a distribution the Be'eri Lament got. It is an ancient tradition that existed among Ashkenazi Jews as well to write a lament over a Pogrom, so that we'll never forget it. The Piyutim I know by Rahsi and Rabbenu Tam are both of this sort - about the Crusades and the Blood Libel in Blois, respectively.

Thank you for reading, and have a good day!

[awesomecooperlove]

😡🤬😡

[girlactionfigure]

[clamsjams]

there’s been a trend going around on tiktok of editing fictional characters with stuff from ur own culture/country and i think that tumblr also deserves to see ashke jew law

everyone say mazel tov to law on his late bar mitzvah

[koenji]

Leo Schutzman (American, 1878 – 1962), , The Wedding, c. 1960.

"This painting features many elements of a traditional Ashkenazi wedding celebration, including the garb worn by the male attendees, the celebratory circle dancing, and the wedding canopy depicted at the top of the painting." x

[thomasthetankieengine]

The implication in this post that Ashkenazi Jews migrated to Europe purely out of personal preference and that they then left Europe purely out of personal preference is ... well, it's something.

Despite what hyperions-fate seems to believe, you can, in fact, criticize Israel, the history of its founding, and its current policies without resorting to this bizarre whitewash of actual Ashkenazi Jewish history.

[hero-israel]

I have probably already asked this, but I want to make it clear: is there really some Ashkenazi supremacy in Israel? Because, according to the info I could find, Ashkenazi makes up only around 30% of the population. As to the discrimination and supremacy, there are contradictive opinions. Thankyou in advance. Shanah tova!

Pre-1948 Zionist politics and the Yishuv were overwhelmingly led by Ashkenazim. They set up most political and social systems in Israel, controlled the governing coalitions and labor unions for the first 30 years, and were gatekeepers for social advancement of any other group. Ashkenazim no longer have either a demographic majority or political control, but social echoes can linger. More here.

In the year 2023, "Ashkenazi supremacy" tends to get invoked as an excuse for voting for violent racist criminals, i.e. "I support the judicial reform law and you Ashkenazi supremacists in Tel Aviv wouldn't understand." I don't really give a shit if someone feels condescended-to by some secular Jew at a tech startup. They need to stop - or be stopped from - turning Israel into Iran.

[jidysz]

Drawing by Klaudia Kiercz-Długołęcka 

Sztetł

Yiddish - שטעטל

English transcription - Shtetl

Meaning - a town

Sztibł

Yiddish - שטיבל‎

English transcription - Shtibl

Meaning - a house or a room used for communal Jewish prayer

Jesziwa

Yiddish - ישיבֿה

English transcription - Yeshiva

Meaning - a traditional Jewish educational institution focused on the study of the Talmud

Mykwa

Yiddish - מיקווה

English transcription - Mikvah

Meaning - a bath used for the purpose of ritual immersion to achieve ritual purity

Synagoga (this one is in Polish)

Yiddish - שול

English transcription - shul

Meaning - synagogue

Macewa

Yiddish - מצבֿה

English transcription - Matzevah

Meaning - a headstone or tombstone marking a Jewish grave

[dikleyt]

(the answer is no. Elhaik is a joke)

[mental-mona]

Well that's disturbing...

[awesomecooperlove]

⚡️🌪️💨

[ancientstuff]

I wonder how much recent history had an impact on the genetic diversity of the Ashkenazi Jews.

[rw7771]

Watch "AF-229: Ashkenazi Jewish | Are You Related to Them? | Ancestral Findings Podcast" on YouTube

[thecolourrainbow]

does anybody else prefer ashkenazi Jews as life partners only?