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olliya · 5 years ago

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How popular is MadaSaku in context of other Madara’s and Sakura’s ships? Part 1

@madasakuweek

For MadaSaku Weekend, in addition to fics, I wanted to make something different, something that always interested me. Wait for it, wait for it… statistics!! Ok, I know that this post has just lost 90% of readers this very second. Lol.

I’m not a popular author, but even I tend to get messages “why do you write madasaku, no one wants to read it anyway”. Organizing this event was a huge effort from the side of @purple-possibilities (thank you for that!!) and spurred me to look into the question just how popular MadaSaku really is?

I will break down this analysis into 3 parts: AO3 (coming today), ffnet, and an attempt on counting the real number of MadaSaku works (not so trivial).

I decided to write it in a really scientific (i.e. stiff, boring and indigestible for most) style in order to describe all my steps as accurately as possible. Every method of analysis has its limitations, biases and certain number of false positives and negatives that it generates. But I aim to describe everything precisely and point out all the weak points. This analysis was done as objectively as possible, and if there are any inaccuracies, I am more than happy to correct them.

With this preamble, let’s dive in!

Let’s start with AO3, because it is supposed to be easier thanks to the tagging system. The key word is, unfortunately, “supposed to”, because since I cannot write data-scraping scripts, I had to approach the problem manually.

The section below contains a detailed description of methods used. If you’re not interested in technical details, skip to Results.

Methods

After choosing a character, a menu appears on the righthand side of the page that allows the user to choose ratings, categories, etc. The same menu allows to see which relationships appear most frequently in the context of the chosen character (example shown in Figure 1.)

Attention: This menu doesn’t provide with neither Top Ten most popular ship for a given character nor with actual number of any of the ships listed, because:

a) Many ships listed in the menu involve platonic pairings (“&” relationships according to AO3 nomenclature) and while one can argue whether those are ships or not, the aim of this analysis was to find the prevalence of romantic ships.

b) Many ships listed involve characters different than the character of interest. For example: Senju Hashirama/Uzumaki Mito is the third most popular pairing written in the fics that contain Uchiha Madara as a character.

c) Not every author tags character in question when tagging him/her as part of a ship. For example: Senju Tobirama/Uchiha Madara features in the above menu with 1173 fics (at the moment of writing this text). When the ship “Senju Tobirama/Uchiha Madara” is chosen through clicking into the tag, AO3 provides us with 1250 fic. I.e. in case of 77 MadaTobi fics, Uchiha Madara was not tagged as a character. Therefore, to obtain the real numbers of fics for any given pairing, one has to always click directly into ship tag.

The ships listed in the righthand menu can nevertheless provide orientation and hints about which ships should be inspected manually in order to get true number of fics for a given ship.

In case of Uchiha Madara the menu features only three romantic ships involving Madara, namely:

Senju Tobirama/Uchiha Madara

Senju Hashirama/Uchiha Madara

Haruno Sakura/Uchiha Madara

How to find out more ships featuring Madara?

I tried two approaches:

Method 1

I excluded one relationship from the list of ten most popular and iterated the search excluding the first most popular relationship only, the second most popular relationship only, and so on, together 10 searches.

During every search I noted the “new” romantic relationships involving Madara that popped up in the list.

In the second step, I excluded 2 most popular relationships simultaneously and again, searched all possible combinations, together 45 searches because it is combination without repetitions:

Again, during every search I noted the “new” romantic relationships involving Madara that popped up in the list.

When excluding 3 relationships I would need to perform 120 searches to cover all combinations. Therefore, I limited myself with searches: excluding 1st, 2nd and 3rd ship; excluding 1st, 2nd and 4th ship; excluding 1st, 2nd and 5th ship; etc.

All things taken together, this method proved to be very laborious, and didn’t bring expected results, i.e. “new” romantic relationships were showing up very rarely in relation to the workload.

Therefore, a different method was employed:

Method 2

I excluded increasing number of ships from the list of ten most popular relationships. I.e. I excluded 1st most popular ship and checked for appearance of “new” ships. Then I excluded first two most popular relationships (1st and 2nd) and checked for “new” ships, then excluded 1st, 2nd and 3rd most popular ships etc…

This method proved to be both efficient (i.e. new ships appear relatively quickly in respect to the workload) and much less error-prone.

This was therefore the method of choice for this analysis.

Figure 2. illustrates an example where the most popular ship (Senju Tobirama/Uchiha Madara) was excluded (Figure 2.a.) and a new ship (Uchiha Izuna/Uchiha Madara) appeared during the search. (Figure 2.b.)

Table 1 summarizes the romantic ships of Uchiha Madara found using Method 2. Data was collected on 22.10.2019. 40 most popular relationships written in context of Uchiha Madara were excluded sequentially, and new ships were noted in order of their appearance. The searches that didn’t brought any new romantic ship involving Uchiha Madara were omitted from Table 1. (for example: excluding 1st and 2nd most popular relationships didn’t bring any new romantic ship for Madara, therefore this search was not listed in the Table 1.).

Disclaimer: the order of appearance in Table 1. doesn’t necessarily reflect the ship’s popularity. Because of the fact that the list is composed using ‘exclude’ filter, the order of appearance is heavily influenced by which pairings are written together with which other pairing (as AO3 allows tagging multiple ships in one fic).

The list of ships in Table 1. was used to obtain final, numerical results for popularity of the ships of Uchiha Madara (see: Results).

Additionally, I manually checked popularity of several other Madara’s ships, and two of them (with Pein and with Kakuzu) ended up scoring high enough to be included in final results.

Same approach was used to find most popular ships of Haruno Sakura.

Sakura’s righthand menu lists 5 romantic ship involving Sakura herself, namely:

Haruno Sakura/Uchiha Sasuke

Haruno Sakura/Hatake Kakashi

Haruno Sakura/Uzumaki Naruto

Haruno Sakura/Yamanaka Ino

Haruno Sakura/Uchiha Itachi

To find further ships for Haruno Sakura I employed Method 2 as described above. Table 2 summarizes the results.

Additionally, other ships of Sakura where manually examined, and ships with Senju Tobirama and Uchiha Obito scored high enough to be included in final results.

Limitations of the used method

The employed method of searching for popular ship has its limitations. Due to the mechanism of finding the ships to check for popularity (usage of ‘exclude filter’) it cannot be excluded that certain ships have been overlooked. Four such cases were actually detected through manual checks: Method 2 failed to show Madara/Pein and Madara/Kakuzu as ships qualified for checking for actual fic number, but when those ships were checked, their respective fic number was high enough to earn them 14th and 17th places among Madara’s most popular ships (see: Results). Haruno Sakura/Senju Tobirama and Haruno Sakura/Uchiha Obito scored high enough to be Sakura’s 20th and 21st most popular ship even though neither was detected via Method 2. This is entirely possible that certain other ships remained ‘undetected’ and therefore not included in the final results, but the risk of non-detection concerns mostly the less-prominent ships.

Due to AO3 tagging system, if a ship is tagged as “background” or “past” it will also be detected, and not differentiated from proper shipping fics. Possibility of tagging multiple ships in one fic causes collections of multishipping fics to be counted multiple times (which skews the numbers when percentages are concerned - see Figures 5 and 6). From this perspective, the relatively meager tagging system of fanfiction.net brings cleaner results.

Results

Numerical values of fic numbers for every given ship were collected on 26.12.2019.

Romantic ships of Uchiha Madara are shown in Figure 3.

Romantic ships of Haruno Sakura are shown in Figure 4.

Discussion

Sakura is the third most popular Madara’s ship partner, and his most popular F/M ship, however it lags far behind the more popular “Founders Cluster” ships. Sakura is by far most popular F/M ship of Madara, next being OFC with 54 fic and Mito with 34 fics.

Madara’s fics are very focused on ships with few partners (Tobirama, Hashirama and Sakura), to the extend that various “exotic” ships rank high enough to appear in this breakdown (OC with 101 fics, OFC with 54, Reader with 41 and Harry Potter (LOL) with 10 fics).

Madara is Sakura’s eighth most popular ship partner (or seventh if you don’t count the polyship Sakura/Sasuke/Naruto as both Sasuke and Naruto feature already on the list as separate ship partners). One has to take into account that Madara appeared on-panel in February 2008 (i.e. almost 9 years after Naruto started publishing) and in person in the story in October 2011 (12 years after start of publishing). Nevertheless, MadaSaku accumulated more fics than many characters with much longer on-panel time, and that even though Madara is considered villain of the story.

When one takes under consideration the total number of Uchiha Madara fics (3913 at the point of writing this text) and Haruno Sakura (13397) it turns that MadaSaku fics form 5,3% of all Madara’s fics and 1,6% of all Sakura’s fics (Figures 5. and 6.).

It is surprising that Sakura, being famously (and infamously) shippable character, has as much as almost 40% of fics where she is not part of a romantic pair. Such high percentage of “other fics” may also mean that she is part of great number of very rare ships that were not investigated in this analysis (the analysis was stopped after excluding 40 most popular ships).

Outlook

Employing a direct data-scraping script would eliminate risks of non-detecting of certain ships. Such script would potentially also allow to examine ship’s popularity development over time.

Since this analysis was done before MadaSaku Weekend, it will be interesting to re-examine the data some time after the event to see if our participation influenced the popularity of the ship.

OK, so who managed to the end??? No one? So I thought, lol

#madasaku #multisaku #fandom statistics #madasakuweekend2019 #naruto stats

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tetragon4-blog · 8 years ago

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Rereading Vol. 2, Chap. 010-019 - The Crows Take Flight

The second volume of Detective Conan is, in many ways, my favourite “early” years one, mostly because it does a lot of things quite well. Such as putting the plot of the story into perspective when Conan meets Miyano Akemi. Although her appearance is not mentioned again for more than 100 chapters, the legacy of this encounter prevails. It is Akemi that confirms that he is not just chasing a phantom, but a real organisation:

Her appearance is not only tied to the later Akai/Shiho arcs, but also to the overall mystery behind the BO. It is Akemi that calls it the “Black Organisation” for the first time, and she also compares them to crows. This is my pet theory that I also explained in “The Identity of Ano Kata”: The Japanese pronunciation of crow is a homophone of kuro, the Japanese word for black. The song Nanatsu no Ko which the boss’ phone number refers to is a song about a mother crow.

Isn’t it beautiful how intricate the relationship between the earlier chapters and the later arcs has been woven by Aoyama? Overall, you can see how much thought and effort he put into Detective Conan. I take all those filler cases in a stride, because there is quality underneath that heap of character building and trivial entertainment.

Furthermore, Akemi is introduced as the first true reluctant villain of the series. She is a grey character through and through, who decides to break the law in order to buy her sister’s freedom from the BO. It marks Conan’s change of heart: Akemi taught him that it is not enough to solve the cases in front of him, because they are only the tip of the iceberg.

That is probably the true theme of the second volume: Not everyone is what they appear to be. Kogorou, too, has been given special attention. Sure, he is a tad abusive, negligent of his duties, and a failure of an adult. But there’s more to him, and the second volume already tells us readers not to underestimate him:

I had already forgotten about this one. Actually, Kogorou was the first person to see behind Conan’s fake persona. Sure, Ran imagined Shinichi for a panel or two, but that was her memories kicking in, not her suspicions. Kogorou, though, is for once using his brain. If he had not abandoned that train of thought out of laziness, he would have been the first to figure out Shinichi’s secret. From the getgo, Aoyama reminds us of the fact that we should not discount Kogorou as a detective like Conan does.

Volume 2 just does a lot of things right:

The main plot is given a clearer outline.

The characters become three-dimensional, because they are not merely sorted into “light” and “black”, in “good” and “evil”. They do have a past, a present, a future, as well as motives. They are not fixed points in time: Kogorou is able to hit Conan and throw him across the room, but at the same time, he is able to feel angry on Conan’s behalf for being abandoned by his parents:

#detective conan #Detective Conan theory #theory #meta #dcmk #dcmk meta #dcmk theory #kogoro mouri #akemi miyano

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georgecmatthews · 5 years ago

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Six things for investors to watch in April

In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, we talked about the need for an effective, global, three-pronged approach in order to achieve a “best-case scenario” outcome: 1) an appropriate health policy response to “flatten the curve” and control the spread of the virus, 2) an adequate monetary policy response to support financial markets and the economy, and 3) an adequate fiscal policy response to help soften the economic blow to households and businesses. We saw effective approaches, in different forms, in both China and South Korea. Now we are looking to other policymakers to provide effective strategies as the novel coronavirus spreads.

Given that focus, the following is our list of what to watch in April:

1. Infection rates in the US and Europe. Ideally, we want to see an increase in testing and a decrease in the growth of infection rates. The bigger, the better for both. Overall, the growth rate of confirmed coronavirus cases in the US has slowed in recent days,1 suggesting that the lockdown in most parts of the country is working. (Though it’s important to note that some states are reporting very high growth rates.) Recent results have been similarly positive in Europe, with several countries including Spain and Germany reporting their lowest growth in daily cases since the start of the pandemic. In the UK, the growth rate of new infections appears to have slowed over the weekend. However, we will want to follow this very closely in April to confirm whether this is a new trend, or a temporary dip. If it does mark a new trend, I would expect it to be well-received by capital markets.

2. Infection rates in emerging markets. The pandemic is now spreading to emerging markets countries whose health care systems are far less capable of managing such a crisis. It will be absolutely critical to ensure that the novel coronavirus does not ravage these countries and lead to political instability and supply chain disruption. India has been proactive in attempting to contain infections, but we will want to follow infection rates closely. Ecuador has been hit hard by the novel coronavirus

3. Progress on Phase 4 of US stimulus. The Phase 3 stimulus package passed on March 27 was very significant at $2.2 trillion, but there are some very legitimate criticisms of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (known as the CARES Act). I am particularly concerned that the one-time payment of $1,200 to qualifying US households (adjusted upwards for number of children) is not going to maintain people’s solvency for very long, especially given that such a large cohort of US households have little to no emergency savings. I believe we need to see progress being made on the fourth phase of US stimulus – and quickly. I would want further stimulus to be geared toward ongoing support of American households, distressed industries, and small businesses, and I would point to Denmark’s policy of 75% income replacement2 as the gold standard of household stimulus for this type of crisis. While such a policy is expensive, I believe it would make it far easier for economies to re-start once lockdowns end. I have heard various rumors that Phase 4 is not weeks away, but months away, and that it could be centered around infrastructure, which I do not believe would stimulate the economy quickly enough. We will want to follow this closely, as a prolonged path to further stimulus could spur a significant market sell-off.

4. FOMC minutes. It is always helpful to get inside the heads of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) members. In particular, it would be helpful to get a sense of any details on the Federal Reserve’s Main Street Lending Program — an upcoming lending program for small- and medium-sized US businesses — as well as expectations about future monetary policy tools that the Fed may use.

5. Supportive central bank actions. The responses of central banks have varied in adequacy thus far. The Fed provided a very substantial level of support, including a number of credit facilities, open-ended quantitative easing (QE) and the outlines of a Main Street Lending Program, which is yet to be rolled out. Even the Bank of Canada has embarked on QE after abstaining from such a program during the Global Financial Crisis. As my colleague Invesco Chief Economist John Greenwood pointed out, “the Bank of England has provided ample liquidity to the non-bank private sector, exactly the monetary response needed in response to COVID-19. The European Central Bank (ECB) has provided a limited package to incentivize bank lending, but banks, which have been constrained in their growth over the past decade, are likely to be reluctant to expand their balance sheets at this time. Corporate bonds bought under the (ECB’s) Corporate Sector Purchase Programme will help finance the non-bank private sector, but this will be a relatively small enhancement to liquidity.” Most disappointing has been the Bank of Japan’s (BOJ) response. As John Greenwood explained, “the BOJ has offered very little in the way of anything new to help the non-bank private sector at this time, with any increases in existing programs (such as purchases of commercial paper and corporate bonds) almost trivial in size.” We will want to follow upcoming monetary policy decisions to ensure central banks are enacting policies that are supportive of the non-bank private sector, given that is the epicenter of the current crisis.

6. The infection rate in Japan and economic stimulus from the Japanese government. In the last week, the number of coronavirus infections in Japan has more than doubled, and the media is reporting that Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s administration will announce a state of emergency momentarily. This means the government can request citizens stay in their homes, although it cannot force a lockdown. Therefore, we will want to follow infection rates in Japan closely in the month of April to see how effective Japan’s health policies are in controlling the virus’ spread. In addition, the Abe administration is expected to roll out an economic stimulus package in the next several days. It will likely include (1) a cash payment of up to 300,000 yen per household, (2) a cash payment to small- and mid-sized enterprises that do not lay off employees, which amounts to 90% of leave payment, and (3) a total 1 trillion yen payout to local governments that need to implement measures in response to the coronavirus spread. We will want to see how effective these economic measures are in bolstering consumer and corporate confidence.

Two items of lesser long-term concern

There are other metrics that have garnered headlines in recent days, but in my opinion following them is of lesser importance, as we know they will get worse before they get better.

1. Initial jobless claims in the US and the April jobs report. There is a lot of nervousness in the US around unemployment following the very disappointing March Employment Situation Report. This report reflects the job market between mid-February and mid-March and was expected to show a smaller hit to the economy given that “lockdowns” in the US didn’t ramp up in earnest until later in March. However, the report revealed that the unemployment rate had already risen to 4.4%, up from 3.5% in February, suggesting the situation may get much worse in the April jobs report.3 Some economists are projecting that the unemployment rate could even top 30% in this crisis — which would surpass the 25% unemployment rate4 reported during the Great Depression. However, I must stress my view that this is not another Great Depression. The 25% figure during that event was an average rate over the course of a year — 1933. And it was nearly the same level in 1932 (23.6%). This situation is far different, in my view. I believe that an unemployment rate of 20% to 30% would likely only last several months given that this crisis, with proper health, fiscal, and monetary policy, should be short-lived.

2. Eurozone PMIs for April. The final Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) data for March was released last week, and it was more disappointing than expected. Eurozone services PMI experienced a freefall from 52.6 in February to 26.4 for the final March reading, with Italy and Spain experiencing particularly bad numbers.5 However, while I expect this data to get worse in April, I caution investors to not be too rattled by it. In my view, the silver lining is that a severe drop in economic activity suggests that public health protocols to contain the virus are being adhered to. What we have learned from the experience of China is that the sooner that health guidelines are strictly followed (along with the resulting cessation in economic activity), the sooner the virus’ growth can be controlled and economic activity can resume.

Conclusion

In short, there is much to be encouraged about in the midst of a very difficult period. There is a light at the end of the tunnel and, while faint, it appears to be growing brighter. April will be a critical month to confirm this.

And, while the focus of this blog is on global markets, I would like to take this opportunity to thank the health care workers on the front lines of this crisis around the globe. They and other essential workers are heroes and deserve our deepest gratitude.

1 Source: Johns Hopkins University

2 Source: Bloomberg News,” Denmark Will Compensate Private Wages to Avoid Virus Layoffs,” March 15, 2020

3 US Bureau of Labor Statistics, as of April 3, 2020

4 Source: US Bureau of Labor Statistics

5 Source: IHS Markit

Important Information

Blog header image: da-kuk / Getty

Quantitative easing (QE) is a monetary policy used by central banks to stimulate the economy when standard monetary policy has become ineffective.

The Eurozone Services PMI (Purchasing Managers’ Index) is produced by IHS Markit and is based on original survey data collected from a representative panel of around 2,000 private service sector firms. National data are included for Germany, France, Italy, Spain and the Republic of Ireland.

The opinions referenced above are those of the author as of April 6, 2020. These comments should not be construed as recommendations, but as an illustration of broader themes. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future results. They involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions; there can be no assurance that actual results will not differ materially from expectations.

from Expert Investment Views: Invesco Blog https://www.blog.invesco.us.com/six-things-for-investors-to-watch-in-april/

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djatoon · 6 years ago

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The ultimate causes of Brexit: history, culture, and geography

This is an excellent blog explaining the reasons why people voted the way they did in the Brexit referendum. It’s particularly interesting because it shies away from the usual ‘bogeyman’ politics and instead focuses on long-term attitudes. The link to the original particular is ere: http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/explaining-brexit/

Xenophobia, austerity, and dissatisfaction with politics may have contributed to the Brexit vote. But James Dennison and Noah Carlwrite that, although a number of concerns may have tipped the balance, Brexit was ultimately decided by more than recent events. Here, they demonstrate how the UK has been the least well-integrated EU member state, and so the closer the EU was moving toward political union, the more likely Brexit was becoming.

Since the British electorate voted to leave the European Union, many commentators have sought to explain (and often decry) the referendum’s outcome as the result of a misleading and demagogic Leave campaign, irrational xenophobia, simple racism, an obstinate protest vote, the government’s fiscal austerity policies, a largely Eurosceptic press, or general discontent about the economy. While several of these explanations have at least some merit, we believe they are insufficient. Indeed, they either put too much emphasis on recent events, or mistakenly assume that few Leave voters were motivated by dissatisfaction with Britain’s EU membership per se.

Regarding the former, a recent analysis of internet and phone polls suggests that Leave may actually have had the lead throughout the entire campaign, belying the claim that provocative statements made by Nigel Farage or Boris Johnson exerted decisive sway over prospective voters. Regarding the latter, evidence from the BES internet panel and Lord Ashcroft’s large post-referendum poll suggests that overall national sovereignty may have been just as important an issue for Leavers as immigration, and that austerity hardly registered.

Opposition to Britain’s membership of the EU has fluctuated over the years, but has remained substantialever since the UK joined in the mid 1970s; somewhere between ~30 and ~60 per cent of the British public has always been opposed to EU membership. Of course, the Eurosceptic fraction of the population almost certainly increased as a consequence of the rapid rise in EU immigration, which began in the late 1990s, and the Eurozone debt crises, which precipitated mass unemployment across Southern Europe. Nevertheless, the most important phenomenon to be explained vis-à-vis the referendum result in our view is that a sizable Eurosceptic faction has remained extant in Britain over the last four decades, in contrast to the other countries of Europe.

In The American Voter, one of the seminal studies on voting behaviour, Angus Campbell arranged the myriad factors affecting vote choice within a so-called funnel of causality: ultimate causes – such as structural and historical factors – were placed on the left hand side of the diagram, while proximate causes – such as attitudes to individual policies and candidates – were placed on the right hand side. Similarly, and we show that in a number of important respects, the UK is the least well-integrated EU member state – essentially, the least European country – and that this fact likely stems from certain historical features, which arguably constitute the ultimate causes of Brexit.

Figure 1 shows national versus European identification for all 28 EU member states. The UK is ranked 28 out of 28 for European identity: nearly two-thirds of Britons do not identify as European at all, compared to fewer than 40 per cent of French and Italians, and fewer than 30 per cent of Spanish and Germans.

Figure 2 shows trust in the European Union for all 28 EU member states. The UK is ranked 26 out of 28: fewer than 30 per cent of Britons trust the EU, compared to 39 per cent of Germans, 47 per cent of Dutch and a full 57 per cent of Danes.

Figure 3 shows percentage of emigrants living inside the EU. The UK is ranked 28 out of 28, and by a non-trivial margin. Indeed, according to the latest UN data, there are more Britons living in Australia than there are in all 27 other EU countries combined.

Figure 4 shows percentages of imports from the EU and exports to the EU. The UK is ranked 27 out of 28 for imports, and 28 out of 28 for exports.

Finally, Figure 5 shows percentages of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) instock from the EU and FDI outstock to the EU. The UK is ranked 27 out of 28 on FDI instock, and is ranked 25 out of 28 on FDI outstock.

As the above charts illustrate, the UK’s comparatively limited integration into the EU is manifested in citizens’ self-identity, in their mistrust of the EU, in patterns of emigration, in international trade flows, and in foreign investment allocations. While the UK is not the lowest-ranked country on every single measure, it consistently ranks among the bottom two or three; the only countries that come close are Greece and Cyprus – both of which have suffered financial crises in recent years.

Britons’ comparatively less European self-identity and lower trust in the EU may have come about for the following reasons. First, Britain is the only allied European power not to have been occupied during the Second World War. Second, Britain has its own common law legal system, which contrasts with the civil law system of continental Europe. Third, because Britain has an established church, most British Christians have historically owed their allegiance to a national institution headed by the monarch, rather than to an international institution headed by the Pope. Fourth, Britain is an island whose surrounding waters have partially isolated it from cultural developments on the continent.

The fact that Britain’ does relatively more of its trade and investment outside of the EU, is due at least partly to the size and economic development of its former empire, the status of English as the global business language, and its particularly close ties with the United States.

All of these factors have served to stymie over-enthusiastically pro-EU business policy, exemplified most clearly in the previous Labour government’s decision to not join the Euro. In addition, Britain’s colonial past surely explains why relatively fewer of its emigrants choose to resettle in the EU. Indeed, several former British territories today have large British-descended populations

In conclusion, Britain is the least well-integrated EU member state: European, just not European enough. While short-term contingencies and concerns about other issues may have tipped the balance toward Leave, as the EU moved closer toward political union, the UK’s fundamentally less European character meant that Brexit was increasingly likely.

____

About the Authors

James Dennison is a Researcher at the European University Institute in Florence. His work focuses on political participation. He is the author of The Greens in British Politics and tweets @JamesRDennison.

Noah Carl is a doctoral candidate in the Sociology department at the University of Oxford. His research focuses on the correlates of beliefs and attitudes and he is an editor and contributor at the demography blog OpenPop.

#brexit #politics

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randywood825-blog · 6 years ago

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Beverly Hills Real Estate Agents

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Beverly Hills Real Estate Agents

Real Estate Agents Beverly Hills Ca Matthew Greenberg 202 N Canon Dr, Beverly Hills Ca 90210 310-309-7304

The pair bought the Hillcrest Highway property to Persson for $70 million, the best-ever sale price in Beverly Hills. Your groceries additionally are available a https://www.trulia.com/CA/Beverly_Hills/ temperature-controlled bundle to maintain them cold, so you do not have to be there when they arrive. Sacha Radford is a top Beverly Hills actual property agent whose success is predicated on the friendships and relationships she builds. We are positioned at 1615 North Beverly Glen Boulevard in Bel Air, about half approach between Sundown Boulevard and Mulholland Drive. Jon has extensive experience in construction and growth, having developed a number of properties in Beverly Hills and the Sunset Strip. Josh Flagg is among the world's most successful real property agents and has helped hundreds of patrons discover their dream residence in Los Angeles and Beverly Hills, resulting in over $2 Billion of closed real estate transactions. The suspect was caught on surveillance in January at the retailer situated at 9467 W. Olympic Boulevard, Beverly Hills police mentioned. Even together with her arms full, Mischa brightens up London's grocery retailer aisles in her blue romper and neon orange cork wedges. The unique Beverly Hills development presents a more modest neighborhood with traditional Florida living in properties built in the course of the 1940's and 1950's. Prior to becoming a member of Sotheby's International Realty, Frank owned and operated the brokerage agency, Frank Symons Realtors. I personally know actual estate agents who appear on tv regularly who refuse to work with anybody if the acquisition or sale is just not 1.5 million or more. Daily Publication The newest Beverly Hills information delivered to your inbox each morning. He's a member of the Beverly Hills/Larger Los Angeles Association of Realtors and served as President of the Affiliation in 1990. His involvement with the school system, police and hearth departments, and a large number of other metropolis companies is known and has earned him great respect within the city of Beverly Hills. The band is set to kick off the annual Concert events on Canon collection with the debut live performance subsequent Thursday at 5:forty five p.m. in Beverly Canon Gardens.

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