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china-cryogenic-tanks · 10 months

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nitrogen bottles

High-Quality n2 cylinders, nitrogen gas bottles

ISO9809 Standard 80L N2 Gas Cylinder, Seamless Steel 84.7KG Weight Nitrogen gas tanks Nitrogen gas is widely used in Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals, Food and Beverage, Glass, Cement and Lime, Healthcare, Laboratories & analysis, Electronics, Electronics, Automotive & transportation, and Other industries.

Categories: Nitrogen Gas, GasesTags: 80L Nitrogen gas cylinder, N2 Gas Cylinder, nitrogen gas cylinders

Description

portable nitrogen cylinder suppliers-n2 storage & transportation solution

DSW provides nitrogen in high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinders as well as liquid nitrogen dewars. These are available in different sizes and can be used to meet any low-volume requirements.

DSW offers liquid and compressed nitrogen in different grades, each suited to a specific application. • A coolant for concrete work • An assist gas for laser cutting • A pressurizing agent in pipelines • A cryogenic for preserving biological material • A welding gas in automotive manufacturing

Nitrogen Gas Bottles

N2 80L Nitrogen cylinders with special fire suppression valve and cap. – Volume: 80Litre – Color: Red, – Diameter：267mm, – Height:1710mm – Thickness: 6.3mm – Weight:76kg. – Working pressure:200bar – Test pressure:300bar

What are the sizes of nitrogen cylinders?

Nitrogen gas bottles come in G2 and E2 sizes, from 2L to 80L. Nitrogen gas is inert to virtually all substances at ambient temperatures and conditions, rendering it safe for storage for many applications.

Nitrogen is used in the food and chemical industry for blanketing, purging, and sparging. It can also be found in modified atmosphere packaging of foodstuffs. Liquid nitrogen can also be used to shock-freeze food or biological materials for storage. Its power is also helpful for cryosurgery and cryogenically grinding rubber and plastics.

N2 is used extensively in the semiconductor industry as a purge gas and carrier gas. It also serves as a zero and balancing gas in laboratory analyses. Nitrogen is also used in heat treatment, ammonia production, fire suppression, tire filling, shrink fitting, and cold traps.

Nitrogen Cylinders Supply

Nitrogen and gas cylinders supplied by DSW are available in a range of cylinder sizes, purity requirements, and on-site solutions to meet your nitrogen gas needs.

Supply Modes

Cylinders & Liquid Containers We have nitrogen available in liquid nitrogen dewars, high-pressure gas bottles, and cylinders.

MicroBulk DSW MicroBulk is a safe, clean, and efficient solution for users who need to store nitrogen in large quantities but don’t have the space.

Bulk Delivery The bulk liquid and gas delivery of nitrogen and a wide range of purities are available.

Buy N2 Cylinders

From filling to the point of use, our compressed gas cylinders protect the compressed gas quality and ensure stability. Ask DSW International for more information on available certifications.

#seamless gas cylinder #Nitrogen Cylinders

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omni-group · 4 years

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Omni Group – The Leading Industrial Gas Provider in Pakistan

Omni Group is one of the big names in Pakistan's business sector. The group holds its great reputation in both the import and export of goods and services. Contributing huge to the GDP of the country, the group stands out as one of the leading business conglomerates. Among many of its outstanding business ventures, National Gases Limited (NGL) holds its leading position in Pakistan.

Since 1976, NGL has been primarily engaged in Industrial, Medical, High Purity, and Food Grade gases in Pakistan. Omni Group of Companies acquired the majority of the company back in 2015 and since then it has been offering state-of-the-art facilities for gas production, testing, storage, analysis, and also filling of gases. The filling of gases is particularly supported by a large fleet of cryogenic delivery tanks.

NGL ensures continuous monitoring and final quality checks to adhere to the highest quality standards. Its team of highly skilled and experienced professionals works hard to maintain the sophisticated in-house high quality of the company. The major gases NGL deals with include Acetylene, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Argon, LPG, and Carbon Dioxide.

NGL also holds the leading position in the country for offering plenty of other gases, which include Liquefied Petroleum Gas, Air, Ammonia, Ethane, Ethylene, Helium, Hydrogen, Helium, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, and many others. The facilities at NGL include two plants. One offers an LPG storage and safe filling facility while the other one has an Acetylene manufacturing plant with compressing stations for Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide, and Argon.

Under the umbrella of the Omni Group of Companies, NGL offers cost-effective and environmental-friendly techniques that support optimal gas solutions. The company is committed to providing quality service and technical excellence as per the international standards. It also contains the ISO 9001 certificate that proves its high-quality Quality Management System.

#omnigroup #OmniGroupCompanies #omnigrouppakistan #omni #group #Pakistan #karachi #Address

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valaveable · 2 years

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Nominal pressure

Nominal pressure The operating measurement range of the marine safety valve is determined by the operation measurement (when the measurement is higher than the material standard measurement, pay attention to the "boost pressure and pressure reduction" criterion). .

pressure level The spring pressure level range China Brass Valve Manufacturers marked by the marine safety valve matches the set pressure required for the safe operation of the protected equipment. For example, in 2000, a chemical company had a case where a liquid ammonia bus tanker was in transit, and the tension spring in the tunnel was suddenly broken. A small amount of ammonia spilled out and quickly flooded the entire tunnel. Fortunately, the rescue was timely and no casualties were caused.

Later, the company had a total of 7 bus tankers, each with two built-in full-open marine safety valves. After the incident, the company decided to assemble, review and verify all marine safety valves. The safety valve spring has been broken, but the fractures are still in good agreement, and the spring can still be maintained, so that the valve disc does not separate from the valve seat, and the medium in the tank does not leak out, which constitutes the complete illusion of the marine safety valve. It was verified that the three marine safety valves that were broken were the goods of the same manufacturer. According to Article 147 of the Regulations, the set pressure of the marine safety valve is 1.05-1.1 times the design pressure of the tank, and the planned set pressure should be 2.268 ~ 2.376MPa. The setting pressures are not matched (all three tankers have passed legal tests). Although the reason for the breakage of the marine safety valve cannot be identified as a wrong type selection, but from a positive warning, the test personnel must be carefully checked according to the required parameters and technical materials when they are testing.

The discharge power of the nominal diameter marine safety valve should be greater than or equal to the safety discharge limit of the protected facility. The diameter of the flow passage of the marine safety valve should be designed according to the relevant specifications, and then according to the planned diameter of the flow passage and the type of marine safety valve. requested. 5. Materials For the main machine of marine safety valve, if the valve body has no tolerance for the medium, different materials can be used. For places with low measurement pressure, such as air storage tanks, pig iron can be used, and high-quality carbon steel can be used for normal measurement and pressure. , The low temperature medium can adopt chromium molybdenum or chromium molybdenum vanadium alloy steel, and the aggressive medium can adopt acid-resistant stainless steel. 6. The qualified marine safety valve should choose the goods produced by the manufacturer with the construction license. The marine safety valve should be equipped with a solid nameplate and accompanied by a certificate of quality of the goods. requirements of the Regulations.

#China Brass Valve Manufacturers #brass fittings #brass compression fittings

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hudsonespie · 4 years

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Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Reactors For Ships – Types, Working Principle, Advantages And Disadvantages

What is NOx and where does it come from??

NOx pollution occurs when nitrogen oxides are released as a gas into the atmosphere during the high-temperature combustion of fossil fuels.

These nitrogen oxides consist mainly of two molecules, nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) along with a few others that occur in much lower concentrations. These molecules- Nitrous oxides are a significant greenhouse gas that plays an important role in Global Climate Change.

Nitrogen oxides form when oxygen and nitrogen from the air interact during a high-temperature combustion event. These conditions occur in Internal Combustion Engines and fossil fuel-powered electricity plants.

Environmental and Health Concerns

NOx gases play an important role in the formation of smog. When exposed to the UV rays in sunlight, NOx molecules break apart and form ozone (O3). The problem is made worse by the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the atmosphere, which also interacts with NOx to form dangerous molecules. Ozone at the ground level is a serious pollutant, unlike the protective ozone layer much higher up in the stratosphere.

In the presence of rain, nitrogen oxides form nitric acid, contributing to the problem of acid rain.

Nitrogen oxides, nitric acid, and ozone can all readily enter the lungs, where they create serious damage to delicate lung tissue. Even short-term exposure can irritate the lungs of healthy people.

For those with medical conditions like asthma, just a short time spent breathing these pollutants have proved to be fatal. This air pollution can lead to respiratory diseases such as emphysema and bronchitis. NOx pollution can also worsen asthma and heart disease and is associated with elevated risks of premature death.

The International Shipping Industry is facing an increasingly tight regulatory environment, especially in terms of limits imposed upon emissions to air. And with the entry into force of the International Marine Organization’s (IMO) NOx Tier III limits on January 1st 2016, a part of MARPOL Annex VI, the regulations governing marine emissions became significantly tougher and stringent to follow.

As per MARPOL Annex VI, Regulation 13- Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), the Nitrogen oxides from diesel engines on board are to be controlled as follows

The NOx emission limits are set for diesel engines depending on the engine maximum operating speed (rpm), as shown in the above table, Tier I and Tier II limits are global, while the Tier III standards apply only in NOx Emission Control Areas.

There are two exceptions – engines used solely for emergencies and engines on ships operating solely within the waters of the state in which they are flagged. The latter exception only applies if these engines are subject to an alternative NOx control measure.

Emission Control Areas must comply with NOx “Tier III” emission limits which means that they must emit 80% less nitrous oxides than a “Tier I” complaint engine. Under these regulations, ships which are keel-laid after January 1st 2016 and operating in the United States/Canadian Emission Control Areas(ECAs) must comply with the new emission limits. These emission limits are applicable for engines with an output power of more than 130kW installed on ships with more than 5,000GT

Tier III standards are expected to require dedicated NOx emission control technologies. These mainly consist of two options.

1) Using Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) as a fuel in engines, using lean burn technology. e.g.- Win GD Engines-Winterthur Gas & Diesel Ltd. which burn LNG in their combustion chambers using a Low-Pressure LNG gas injection system for the reduction in NOx emissions.

2) Use of abatement technology such as various forms of water induction into the combustion process (with fuel, scavenging air(in-take air humidification), or in-cylinder), exhaust gas recirculation, or selective catalytic reduction.

This article throws light upon Selective Catalytic Reduction Reactors on Ships, it’s types, their basic working principle, components, its benefits, advantages and disadvantages.

Basic Working Principle

Selective Catalytic Reduction is a means of converting nitrous oxides in the exhaust with the help of a catalyst into diatomic nitrogen and water.

A reductant Anhydrous Ammonia (NH3), Aqueous Ammonia (Ammonium Hydroxide) or Urea (Carbamide) solution is added to a stream of exhaust gas and is adsorbed onto a catalyst. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is a reaction product when urea is used as the reductant.

The chemical equation for the reaction using either anhydrous aqueous ammonia for the process is

4NO + 4NH3 + O2 = 4N2 + 6H2O 2NO2 + 4NH3 + O2 = 3N2 + 6H2O NO + NO2 + 2NH3 = 2N2 + 3H2O

The reaction for urea instead of anhydrous or aqueous ammonia is 4NO + 2(NH2)2CO + O2 = 4N2 + 4H2O + 2CO2 (in presence of catalyst)

Selective Catalytic Reduction

This exhaust gas after-treatment technology has a NOx abatement capability Of more than 80%. The SCR concept involves injecting a Urea-Water solution into the exhaust gas stream in combination with a special catalyst unit.

The SCR is considered as an additional and independent exhaust treatment system and as such does not interfere with the basic engine design or combustion process.

The process diagram below gives a better understanding of the SCR system wherein the urea interacts with nitrous oxides present in the incoming exhaust gas, in the presence of a catalyst, converting it into free nitrogen and water vapour.

The Maritime Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC) At The IMO has published guidelines for the certification of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems, referred to the “SCR Guideline”, namely IMO Resolution MEPC.198(62).

According to their configurations, SCRs can Be Classified into 2 Types- They can be either installed between The Exhaust Gas Manifold & The Turbocharger or between The Turbocharger and The Exhaust Gas Boiler.

1) High-Pressure SCR

In the High-Pressure SCR, the reactor is placed before the turbocharger. A sufficient exhaust

gas temperature is to be maintained between 300 to 400 deg Celsius, which might be challenging when the engine is running at low loads and manoeuvring.

Therefore, for two-stroke engines, the most likely location of the SCR unit is before the turbocharger in order to expand the active range of SCR operation. This has little to no effect on the engine combustion process.

It is possible to run high-pressure SCRs on Heavy Fuel Oil.

2) Low-Pressure SCR

In Low-Pressure SCRs, the reactor is placed after the turbine. Pre-heating of the exhaust gas stream may be necessary in order to achieve a sufficient temperature at the reactor inlet for the catalytic reaction. Some power generation may be needed for preheating.

Components of an SCR

Dosing Unit

The dosing unit consists of a compact external dosing system having a urea-water solution tank. The tank size depends upon how often the vessel enters NOx Tier III areas and how often the SCR is put in use. Urea Tank capacities range from 4 to 10 cub metres/MW for larger engines.

The area for marine use is usually dissolved in water having a concentration of 32%-40%. Urea is a non-toxic odourless solution considered safe to transport and store at ambient temperature & pressure. However special caution is required in winter temperatures in order to avoid crystallization.

The dosing handling system provides the reducing agent (urea solution) based on the dosing demand signal provided by the SCR and Engine control and monitoring system.

Vaporizer/ Mixing Unit

The urea from the dosing system is metered and injected into the vaporizer or mixing unit. The injected reducing agent (urea) will vaporise and mix with the incoming exhaust gas.

The mixing unit is in line with the exhaust manifold of the engine and its pipes are designed & constructed after complex flow calculations & intensive testing, to ensure a good mixture of the urea solution & hot exhaust gases. The mixing unit is usually 2 to 6 meters long and 500mm in diameter, however, size may vary as per Engine size.

Injection tubes from the dosing unit penetrate the vaporizer from the bottom, the top of the vaporizer is equipped with an electronic enclosure having a NOx measurement sensor to monitor nitrous oxides in the exhaust gas and Backpressure sensor.

SCR Reactor Chamber

This is where the conversion of NOx in exhaust gas into nitrogen and water takes place in the presence of catalyst material. The SCR reactor contains cassettes of the catalyst substrate material. The substrate elements work in limited temperatures, if exhaust gas temperature is too high, the elements get destroyed.

If the temperature is too low, SCR efficiency is reduced. Catalyst element contains Vanadium Pentoxide (V2O5) which helps the reaction process of converting the urea and exhaust gas into nitrogen and water vapour. The SCR reactor volume is usually 1.5-3 cub metres/MW installed power.

Fuel Oil Quality and SCR technology

The sulphur content in fuel oil and consequent SO2 concentration in the exhaust gas is a critical parameter which has to be observed while operating SCR systems. Urea temperature is to be controlled according to sulphur content in fuel.

A high sulphur content in presence of a low exhaust gas temperature (in case of manoeuvring) will require a higher temperature of urea solution to be injected as a condensation of exhaust gas could result in corrosion and catalyst substrate damage. A lesser content of sulphur in fuel will allow a lesser temperature of urea solution to be injected.

Condensation of water vapour in the presence of sulphur in the exhaust gas during low load operations can cause the formation of solid ammonium bisulphate. Thus, the exhaust inlet temperature is to be kept high enough to avoid condensation of ammonium bisulphate onto catalyst substrate elements.

Condensation would severely affect NOx reduction performance and cause clogging, increasing backpressure due to soot formation in the reactor.

Soot Blowing Unit

To prevent contamination of the reactor elements, a soot blowing system is installed. Soot blowing is done using compressed air of 7 bar.

SCR Control Sensor Unit

NOx sensors measure the NOx concentration before the SCR reactor and the turbocharger. The reactor chamber also contains outlet NOx sensors and outlet temperature sensors.

Venting System

The venting system vents the SCR reactor when the SCR is bypassed (i.e. when the engine is running in Tier-II mode) to avoid exhaust gas accumulation and soot formation in the reactor. The reactor is vented with Fresh Air during Tier II operation.

The Reactor Sealing Valve is used to seal the reactor during venting when the SCR is not in use.

Reactor Throttling Valve is located at the outlet of the reactor.

Reactor Bypass Valve is used to bypass the reactor for NOx Tier II operation or failure of the SCR.

The Cylinder Bypass Valve can be used while the engine runs at partial loads to bypass scavenge air towards the turbocharger to increase exhaust gas temperature.

The Cut-In Cut-Out settings of Auxiliary blowers are set slightly differently in case of engines fitted with SCRs. While cutting-in of auxiliary blowers at the time of reducing load, a slight delay is introduced so as to avoid a sudden drop in exhaust temperature.

Similarly, while cutting-out the auxiliary blowers, when engine load increases, the exhaust temperature tends to increase suddenly, to prevent this- the Cylinder Bypass Valve (CBV) opens first to gradually increase temperature, then the blowers cut out and the CBV later closes as per engine load.

Pros & Cons Of The SCR

To assure continuous NOx removal and avoid clogging, special considerations have to be observed with regard to exhaust temperatures.

Pros

● Tier III NOx compliance is achievable. ● Very efficient NOx removal for most engine loads (60-90%) ● SCRs have a widely growing reference base with over 300 installations

Cons

● Rather investment intensive ● Limited NOx removal at low engine loads ● In comparison to other solutions for NOx Tier III emissions, the use of urea requires the installation of urea tanks which may have to be replenished often (a costly affair) ● Can result in excess consumption of fuel (about 1%) ● Additional cost of Urea in ECA areas.

Maintenance

● Replacing NOx sensors- sensor life is approx. 2000hours ● Replacing the substrate catalyst elements in the SCR reactor (Lifetime-approx. 1000hours) The lifetime of the catalyst elements strongly depends upon the sulphur content of the fuel. For NOx Tier III compliance, NOx efficiency is to verified once a year. If NOx efficiency reduction < 70% all catalyst elements must be renewed as per manufacturer’s instructions. ● The Soot Blower consists of a compressed air bottle, soot blower diaphragm valves and pressure switches. All pressure hoses are to be checked and diaphragm valves to be maintained. ● The Dosing Unit consists of a urea solution tank, liquid filters, dosing pumps, nozzle assemblies, flowmeters, valves and pressure switches. Weekly maintenance includes cleaning of filters, monthly includes inspection of injectors. Proper inspection and working of all individual components are to be checked every 6 months.

Benefits For The Ship Owner/Operator

Installing NOx Tier III-compliant technology has been beneficial beyond just achieving compliance with emissions regulations. Demonstrating a company’s commitment to ensuring sustainable operations has become increasingly important. Some additional advantages include direct financial benefits, as major ports offer substantial discounts in harbour fees. One frequently used performance indicator for the environmental impact of shipping is the Environmental Shipping Index (ESI), which is used by major ports to calculate harbour fees. Installing Tier III-compliant technology, instead of Tier II-compliant technology, adds approximately five points on the ESI scale.

For example, the following reductions in harbour fees for operating on Tier III are given by these ports:

Los Angeles: $2,500 per call (ESI higher than 50) Hamburg: €1,500 per call (ESI higher than 50) Rotterdam: 20% reduction for Tier III Antwerp: 10% ESI higher than 31

Image credit: Cat Marine

Disclaimer: The authors’ views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of Marine Insight. Data and charts, if used, in the article have been sourced from available information and have not been authenticated by any statutory authority. The author and Marine Insight do not claim it to be accurate nor accept any responsibility for the same. The views constitute only the opinions and do not constitute any guidelines or recommendation on any course of action to be followed by the reader.

The article or images cannot be reproduced, copied, shared or used in any form without the permission of the author and Marine Insight.

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lauramalchowblog · 4 years

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How to Choose the Best Water Filter

Water, water everywhere… and so many ways to mess with it!

You’ve got your bottled water, alkaline water, structured water, deuterium-depleted water. It turns out the water can be pretty darn complicated—and contentious. People have strong opinions about what makes the healthiest, most hydrating water. I’m glad to see folks care so much about what they put in their body, but it can be overwhelming.

Today I’m starting with the basics: filtering your water, why you might want to, and how to choose the best water filter for your household. Let me know in the comments if there are other water-related topics you’d like me to cover in the future.

Instantly access our FREE download: Guide to a Healthy Gut

Why Should You Filter Your Water?

The most basic reason to get a filter is that you don’t enjoy the taste or odor of your tap water. You don’t have to live with whatever funky water comes out of the tap. An inexpensive filter can completely change how your water tastes and smells.

Second, of course, is if you believe your tap water is contaminated. In the U.S., all municipal water is tested annually. Testing doesn’t necessarily guarantee safe water, though. Municipal testing won’t catch all impurities, nor contamination that occurs within your own home (leaching from lead pipes, for example).

The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for setting water safety standards. Currently the EPA has legal limits on more than 90 potential water contaminants.1 Some areas of the country log more violations than others. 2 3

In an interview last year, Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Andrew Wheeler bragged that 92 percent of Americans drink have access to drinking water that meets all EPA standards.4 What about those other 8 percent?

Good Enough Isn’t Good Enough

Even if you’re in that lucky 92 percent, a bigger point for some folks—and for many of my readers, I know—is that they aren’t content with “acceptable” levels of certain chemicals in their water.

“Safe” drinking water can still contain compounds that you don’t want to voluntarily put in your body. These include chemical contaminants like lead and arsenic, and microbes that can cause water-borne illness.

Many people are also concerned about the chemicals added to water in the name of public health. Your tap water almost certainly contains chlorine or chloramine—a chlorine-ammonia compound—which is added in order to sanitize drinking water.5 6 Don’t get me wrong, I’m not complaining. Chemical disinfectants are the reason so many of us now enjoy tap water that doesn’t make us acutely ill. I get why you’d want to remove them before drinking, though, especially folks who are sensitive to chlorine.

Another source of contention is the fluoride that some water districts add to drinking water, purportedly to increase dental health. This is a huge hornet nest I’m not going to step in today. Suffice it to say that lots of people don’t want to ingest fluoridated water.

FYI, the Environmental Working Group offers more stringent drinking water standards you can reference if EPA standards are laxer than you’d like.7

How to Choose a Water Filter: Test Before You Invest

Different water filters offer different benefits. Before handing over your money, do a little bit of research into the water coming out of your tap. This will help you decide which filter technology you need.

First, go online and search for “[my water district] water quality report,” or contact your water provider and ask for a copy of recent consumer confidence reports.8 This will tell you what type of disinfectant your water district adds, as well as if they are in violation of any EPA regulations. You might want to email your local water quality division to ask if they rotate disinfectants throughout the year. The CDC also keeps a database of which water systems add fluoride.9

If you have a private well or cistern, you already know (hopefully!) that the onus is on you to have your water tested annually by a state-certified lab. The CDC recommends testing for pH levels, total coliform bacteria, nitrates, total dissolved solids, as well as any known contaminants in your area.10 11 Your local health department can help determine what tests are advisable. If you collect rainwater, check out the CDC’s safety recommendations.12

Whether or not you have a well, it is wise to have your water tested if you are concerned about the pipes in your home, or if the taste or smell of your water noticeably changes. Make sure you use a certified lab.13

Once you have determined what, specifically, you want to remove from your water, you can select the proper filtration system.

The Differences Between Water Filtration Systems

As I said, all water filters are not created equal. Each technology has pros and cons. I’m going to cover the three most common.

Activated Carbon Filters

Activated carbon filters work by attracting and absorbing particles from water. There are two types of activated carbon filters: activated carbon blocks and granular activated carbon (GAC). They have similar pros and cons, but carbon blocks are generally more effective at removing impurities.

The most important thing to know about carbon filters is that they can vary considerably in terms of what they do and do not filter out of your water. When selecting a specific product, you must verify that it removes the specific contaminants you want.

Pros

Good for removing large particles like silt and for improving the taste and odor of water

Probably effective for removing chlorine and lead (check product claims)

Tend to be affordable

Don’t require power or heat

Does not filter out essential minerals

Cons

Does not filter viruses, minerals, or inorganic pollutants like arsenic and fluoride

Filters may need frequent replacing

Reverse Osmosis

Water is forced through a semi-permeable membrane, which traps contaminants. In home reverse osmosis units, water is generally passed through a carbon filter first to remove large particulate that could clog the membrane.

Pros

Generally considered the best all-around system for removing the greatest number/amount of contaminants

Can remove fluoride, arsenic, and other compounds that activated carbon cannot

Effective for certain pathogens14

Membranes do not require frequent replacement

Cons

Cannot remove chlorine, chloramine, or most volatile organic compounds

Removes most minerals from water

Water storage tanks can grow bacteria if not properly maintained

Produces a lot of wastewater

More expensive up front than carbon filtration systems

That looks like a lot of cons, but the superior filtration ability of reverse osmosis systems will outweigh all those cons for many people. Proponents of reverse osmosis will point out that you can collect wastewater, which is sanitary, and feed it into a graywater system or use it to wash your car. Most reverse osmosis systems simply drain it, though.

Distillers

Work by boiling water, then collecting and condensing the steam. When the water vaporizes, impurities are left behind. The condensed water is largely free from contaminants.

Pros

Effective at removing most impurities and killing bacteria and viruses

Does not require replacement filters

Cons

Cannot remove all pesticides or organic compounds

Very slow compared to other systems (One popular model I looked at took 5.5 hours to make 1 gallon of distilled water!)

Requires electricity (usually)

Removes essential minerals

Many people dislike the taste of distilled water

“Add-Ons”

Depending on your needs, you might include additional steps that aren’t filtration per se, but they do purify your water:

Ultraviolet lamps emit UV rays that kill pathogens in the water.

Activated alumina filters can remove lead and arsenic.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) can neutralize chloramine.15 You can install vitamin C filters for showerheads, and you can also add 1000 mg of vitamin C (as in, the supplements you’d buy at any health food store) to your bath.16

How to Choose a Water Filter for Your Home

Certification

Water filters may be certified by NSF or the Water Quality Association (WQA).

Filters that have the WQA Gold Seal have been tested for quality assurance and to make sure the claims listed on the packaging are accurate.17 NSF has an extremely rigorous testing process that guarantees the ability of a product to remove specific contaminants.18

Before choosing a specific water filter, you can search the NSF website to see what certifications, if any, it has. If you have a specific contaminant concern, refer to the NSF Contaminant Reduction Claims Guide for compliant products.19

You don’t have to buy a certified product, of course, but do your due diligence. Ask the manufacturer for reports that verify the have conducted certified laboratory testing. Consider having your water tested before and after using the filter to verify that it’s working as intended.

Factors to Take Into Consideration

Your purpose: Are you just trying to improve taste and odor, or are you trying to remove specific substances?

Size: How many people are in your household? How much space do you have available in your kitchen?

Budget: How much can you afford to spend up front?

Types of Systems

Water pitchers are convenient. You can store them on the counter or in the fridge and choose the size you need. Pitchers will naturally have limited capacity but are easily refilled. Most pitchers will use some type of carbon filtration. Before purchasing a pitcher, check the product claims to see what it will remove.

Counter filters may have any of type of filtration. They usually take up considerable space, but ones with large tanks might be ideal for big families.

Under-the-sink filters are great because they don’t take up any room in your fridge or on the counter. These units generally have two or more steps in the filtration process. This lets you select a system that includes the combination of technologies you want. They do require installation.

Faucet filters attach directly to your kitchen faucet and filter the water as it flows through.

Whole-house filters are, as you’d expect, the most expensive option. If you have lead pipes or bacteria in your plumbing, your water can become re-contaminated between the filter and your drinking glass. There’s also the concern that by removing the chlorine as the water enters your home, you increase the chance that bacteria will grow in your home’s pipes.

The advantage of a whole-house system is that it also cleans the water you use to wash and bathe. A more cost-effective option is using both a kitchen water filter and a showerhead water filter. This won’t hit every water source in your house, but it will cover your main exposure. There are also filters you can hang from your bathtub water faucet if you are a bubble bath enthusiast.

The Bottom Line

All these systems “work.” Choosing a water filter comes down to what you need it to do.

The best all-around option is a multi-stage filter that includes an activated carbon filter and reverse osmosis. Some units also have one or more of the add-ons I listed above built in.

The major concern with reverse osmosis, as well as distillation, is that it removes desirable calcium, magnesium, and trace minerals from drinking water. For that reason, some people choose to remineralize their water after filtering. (The WHO wants you to, too.20) Some multi-stage filters include this step at the end. You can also run the filtered water through an alkalizing pitcher. This is too many steps for me. I’d rather just add a few drops of a trace mineral solution to my water.

Whatever system you choose, you must maintain it according to the manufacturer’s specifications. That means changing filters on schedule and disinfecting the system as indicated. Dirty filters and water tanks aren’t effective and can even be a source of contamination. Take care of it.

What about Berkeys?

I know if I don’t mention them, I’ll get a bunch of questions about Berkey water filters. They seem to be the darlings of the ancestral health community. Berkey uses a proprietary filtration system, which makes it hard to compare their systems to other products. They do provide their own laboratory testing results on their website, but they are not NSF certified. This isn’t a dealbreaker; it’s an expensive, arduous process. Still, other companies have opted for it. Furthermore, it’s not hard to find naysayers who raise questions about whether Berkey’s products live up to their claims. I’ll leave it up to you to do your own research here. At this point, I can’t unequivocally recommend them without seeing more data.

What about you? Are you passionate about your water filtration device? Are you perfectly happy to drink water right out of the tap? Let me know.

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References

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The post How to Choose the Best Water Filter appeared first on Mark's Daily Apple.

How to Choose the Best Water Filter published first on https://venabeahan.tumblr.com

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jesseneufeld · 4 years

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How to Choose the Best Water Filter

Water, water everywhere… and so many ways to mess with it!

Instantly access our FREE download: Guide to a Healthy Gut

Why Should You Filter Your Water?

Good Enough Isn’t Good Enough

FYI, the Environmental Working Group offers more stringent drinking water standards you can reference if EPA standards are laxer than you’d like.7

How to Choose a Water Filter: Test Before You Invest

Once you have determined what, specifically, you want to remove from your water, you can select the proper filtration system.

The Differences Between Water Filtration Systems

As I said, all water filters are not created equal. Each technology has pros and cons. I’m going to cover the three most common.

Activated Carbon Filters

Pros

Good for removing large particles like silt and for improving the taste and odor of water

Probably effective for removing chlorine and lead (check product claims)

Tend to be affordable

Don’t require power or heat

Does not filter out essential minerals

Cons

Does not filter viruses, minerals, or inorganic pollutants like arsenic and fluoride

Filters may need frequent replacing

Reverse Osmosis

Pros

Generally considered the best all-around system for removing the greatest number/amount of contaminants

Can remove fluoride, arsenic, and other compounds that activated carbon cannot

Effective for certain pathogens14

Membranes do not require frequent replacement

Cons

Cannot remove chlorine, chloramine, or most volatile organic compounds

Removes most minerals from water

Water storage tanks can grow bacteria if not properly maintained

Produces a lot of wastewater

More expensive up front than carbon filtration systems

Distillers

Work by boiling water, then collecting and condensing the steam. When the water vaporizes, impurities are left behind. The condensed water is largely free from contaminants.

Pros

Effective at removing most impurities and killing bacteria and viruses

Does not require replacement filters

Cons

Cannot remove all pesticides or organic compounds

Very slow compared to other systems (One popular model I looked at took 5.5 hours to make 1 gallon of distilled water!)

Requires electricity (usually)

Removes essential minerals

Many people dislike the taste of distilled water

“Add-Ons”

Depending on your needs, you might include additional steps that aren’t filtration per se, but they do purify your water:

Ultraviolet lamps emit UV rays that kill pathogens in the water.

Activated alumina filters can remove lead and arsenic.

How to Choose a Water Filter for Your Home

Certification

Water filters may be certified by NSF or the Water Quality Association (WQA).

Factors to Take Into Consideration

Your purpose: Are you just trying to improve taste and odor, or are you trying to remove specific substances?

Size: How many people are in your household? How much space do you have available in your kitchen?

Budget: How much can you afford to spend up front?

Types of Systems

Counter filters may have any of type of filtration. They usually take up considerable space, but ones with large tanks might be ideal for big families.

Faucet filters attach directly to your kitchen faucet and filter the water as it flows through.

The Bottom Line

All these systems “work.” Choosing a water filter comes down to what you need it to do.

The best all-around option is a multi-stage filter that includes an activated carbon filter and reverse osmosis. Some units also have one or more of the add-ons I listed above built in.

What about Berkeys?

What about you? Are you passionate about your water filtration device? Are you perfectly happy to drink water right out of the tap? Let me know.

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References

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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/nep.13119

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https://ift.tt/2L4l7ze

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https://ift.tt/310hoKg

The post How to Choose the Best Water Filter appeared first on Mark's Daily Apple.

How to Choose the Best Water Filter published first on https://drugaddictionsrehab.tumblr.com/

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jobswzayef · 4 years

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Principal Cathodic Protection engineer

Title

Principal Cathodic Protection engineer

Bachelor of Electrical Engineering with valid NACE certification as Cathodic Protection engineer. Should be approved CP engineer in Saudi Aramco. Should have proven working experience of minimum 10 years in design engineering related to Cathodic Protection system like impressed current sacrificial anode associated with tank building piping Cross country pipelines Well Casings etc in oil gas environment. Overall experience 15 years.

Scheduled Weekly Hours

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Government Solutions serving government customers globally including capabilities that cover the full lifecycle of defense space aviation and other government programs and missions from research and development through systems engineering test and evaluation program management to operations maintenance and field logistics

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china-cryogenic-tanks · 11 months

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High-Quality N2 cylinders

High-Quality n2 cylinders, nitrogen gas bottles

Categories: Nitrogen Gas, GasesTags: 80L Nitrogen gas cylinder, N2 Gas Cylinder, nitrogen gas cylinders

Description

portable nitrogen cylinder suppliers-n2 storage & transportation solution

DSW provides nitrogen in high-pressure nitrogen gas cylinders as well as liquid nitrogen dewars. These are available in different sizes and can be used to meet any low-volume requirements.

Nitrogen Gas Bottles

What are the sizes of nitrogen cylinders?

Nitrogen Cylinders Supply

Nitrogen and gas cylinders supplied by DSW are available in a range of cylinder sizes, purity requirements, and on-site solutions to meet your nitrogen gas needs.

Supply Modes

Cylinders & Liquid Containers We have nitrogen available in liquid nitrogen dewars, high-pressure gas bottles, and cylinders.

MicroBulk DSW MicroBulk is a safe, clean, and efficient solution for users who need to store nitrogen in large quantities but don’t have the space.

Bulk Delivery The bulk liquid and gas delivery of nitrogen and a wide range of purities are available.

Buy N2 Cylinders

From filling to the point of use, our compressed gas cylinders protect the compressed gas quality and ensure stability. Ask DSW International for more information on available certifications.

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