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quadranttheory · 4 years ago

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Quadrant Book 1 from 2016 Part 1

Idealist Artisan

Sensation

Response

Thinking

Doing

Perception

Awareness

Emotion

Dreaming

Belief

Behavior

Contemplation

Flowing

Faith

Belonging

Passion

Knowing

Guardian Rational

Existence is based on the dynamic between the number three and the number four, and is built around a pattern that I call the quadrant pattern. The Israelites worshipped the tetragrammaton. The tetragrammaton is four letters. The tetragrammaton is YHW and H. Kabbalah is Jewish mysticism. Some kabbalists described the tetragrammaton as the dynamic between the number three and the number four. There are four letters in the tetragrammaton, YHW and H, but there is also three letters because there is a repetition of the H.

So the three letters in the tetragrammaton are YHW. The tetragrammaton has four letters in total, but three different letters. Also the final H in the tetragrammaton is silent. Whenever a letter H ends a word it is silent. The tetragrammaton sort of represents a three plus one pattern. Three letters make a sound, but the fourth letter is silent. According to Kabbalists, the Y is creation, the H is the sustaining and maintenance and homeostasis of the creation, the W is action, and the final H is transcendent and represents transformation.

The tetragrammaton Israelite name of God

The Hindus worship the Aum. Krishna in the Bhagavad Gita says that He is the Aum. Hindus also say the Aum is Brahman, the Ultimate God. According to the Mandukya Upanishad, the AUM is also a three plus one pattern. The Mandukya upanishad calls the Aum, the fourfold sound. A represents Brahma and creation. U corresponds to Vishnu and sustaining/ homeostasis and order. M represents Shiva and destruction/action. The Mandukya Upanishad says that there is a fourth aspect to Aum though, a silence that surrounds the previous three letters. So the Aum, like the tetragrammaton is the three plus one pattern.

The Fourfold Aum

Silence

The Muslims worship Allh. In English Allh is spelled Allah, with an a before the final h, but in arabic it is spelled Allh. Muslims see significance in the four letters of Allh, and see miracles in the four letters and the way that they are arranged. For instance, the words in Arabic for A, Al, All, and Allh all connote the oneness of God, some Muslims proclaim. The name Allh is also a three plus one pattern. The way that Allh is written, the All are written together, and the h is written separate. Also, like in the Aum and the tetragrammaton, the final aspect is silent. The h in Allh, the fourth part is silent. So Allh illustrates the three plus one pattern.

The Four Letters of Allah

The Greeks also venerated a three plus one, four Gods. Empedocles was a famous Greek Philosopher. He argued that there were four primordial Gods. The four original Gods were Zeus, Persephone, Hera, and Hades. Empedocles saw these four Gods as the four elements, air, water, earth, and fire. Empedocles, moreover, saw the four elements as a three plus one pattern. In Aristotle’s, The Physics, Aristotle discusses Empedocles philosophy of the four elements, and Aristotle agrees with Empedocles. Aristotle proclaims that while some Philosophers argued that there was less that four elements, there is in fact four elements that make up existence. Aristotle also mentions, that Empedocles saw the four elements as a three plus one. According to aristotle, Empedocles saw fire as “opposed to” the other three elements, and separate from them. The first three were seen as very linked by Empedocles, but the fourth element, fire, was articulated as different.

Aristotle, however, later in the Physics, mentions that there is a fifth element. But the fifth element Aristotle describes as ultra transcendent. The fourth element, fire, was different, but the fifth was extraordinarily distinct. The fourth was transcendent, but the fifth was ultra transcendent. Aristotle said that while fire was opposed to the previous three elements, it still associated with them. But the fifth element, the Aether, did not even affiliate with the first four elements. The aether, according to Aristotle, was in the stars, in the heavens, and was divine.

Empedocles and Aristole the Four elements and the Four Primordial Gods

Air hot and wet - Zeus

Earth- cold and dry Hera

Water cold and wet- Persephone

Fire- hot and dry Hades

Aether

In the quadrant pattern the fourth is always transcendent and different, and the fifth is ultra transcendent and like God. Aristotle’s four elements can be linked to the four phases of matter. The four phases are gas, liquid, solid, and plasma. Plasma is the different fourth element. Again there is a questionable, ultra transcendent fifth phase of matter, called the Bose Einstein condensate. But the Bose Einstein condensate can only be produced under laboratory conditions. Under normal conditions, there are only four phases of matter, and that is why gas, liquid, solid, and plasma are called the classical states of matter.

The Four Phases of Matter

Gas

Solid

Liquid

Plasma

Bose Einstein Condensate

Fundamental to the quadrant pattern is the three plus one. The fourth transcendent aspect can point to an ultra transcendent fifth component. The fifth component may become a new quadrant. Reality is organized according to the quadrant pattern. The first is always weird and more mental, the second square is more related to order and homeostasis, the third is connected with destruction and action, and the fourth is transcendent, often containing elements of the previous three and or being very different from the previous three and not seeming to belong. Kabbalists saw the YHW and H tetragrammaton as linked to such a pattern. The Y represented creation and is more mental, the H sustaining and homeostasis, the W action and creativity and is more solid and physically oriented, and the H transcendent and different.

Jung described a concept of the quaternity. According to jung any trinity is an “incomplete” or “deficient” quaternity. Jung stated that threes try to gain wholeness by becoming square fours. Jung noticed that in the Catholic Church there was veneration of the Mother Mary, and Jung saw this as an attempt to add a transcendent fourth aspect to the trinity. Jung described the forth as different or “recalcitrant”. Jung suggested that maybe the Mother Mary was not the transcendent fourth, but maybe he thought, Satan was the fourth aspect. Jung noticed that cultures throughout the world worshipped God as a quaternity, and he stated that the notion of quaternity was not a dogma, but a “scientific fact.”

The Pythagoreans worshipped the tetractys. The tetractys is four rows of dots, one, two, three, and four, making ten dots in total. In Plato’s Timaeus, Socrates calls out three of his friends, but asks where the missing fourth was. The ancient philosopher Proclus analyzed the Timaeus, and he stated that Socrates was alluding to the tetractys, which had a fourth part that was different. It has been suggested that Pythagoras knew Hebrews, and Pythagoras saw the tetractys and the tetragrammaton as the same thing. Ancient Philosophers described that Pythagoras saw the number four as supreme, and related everything to four. For instance, it was said that Pythagoras saw the number seven as holy, only in that it related to four plus three. Hierocles argued that Pythagoras saw the number four as God, and Hierocles concurred with Pythagoras that “the Number Four, the Quaternion, is God”. The Pythagorean Oath consisted of an oath to the “Holy Tetractys” from which “nature flowed”. The simplest triangle in accord with the pythagorean theorem is the three, four, five triangle. Three squared, plus four squared equals five squared. The Egyptians related the three sides to three Gods, The side four is the four by four 16 square quadrant model, and the Egyptians related these 16 squares to Isis.

JUNG’S QUATERNITY

Father

Holy Spirit

Son

Mary/Satan

The Tetractys

The tetractys is the set up of bowling

The way that I discovered the quadrant pattern was that my sophomore year of college, in 2010, my Grandpa told me a personality model over the phone where there were four types of people. My Grandpa had me draw the four types in a quadrant. There were thinkers, emoters, doers, and dreamers. Thinking oriented people, emotional people, doers and dreamers. I didn’t like the model. I thought that there should only be three types of people. I didn’t think that dreaming belonged. I understood what it meant to be a thinker, or an emotional person, or a doer, but to be a dreamer just seemed too different and it didn’t seem to fit with the other three to me. I thought that there should be only three types.

So I examined the model. Maybe a week later I was reading the Gospels for the first time. I was on the chapter where Jesus was crucified and that was when the revelation hit me. I drew in the bible a quadrant and in it I wrote thinking, emotion, doing, and dreaming in the four squares. I realized that thinking and emotion were a duality. They were different aspects of the same thing. Thoughts affect emotions and emotions influence thoughts. Neither existed without the other. Then I recognized that thinking, emotion, and doing were a triad. What we think influences our emotions, which impacts what we do, which alters our thoughts and inspires new emotions. These three were sort of a trinity, separate but one. Then I identified that dreaming was transcendent, yet included the previous three. I remembered what my psychology professor at UCSD described a week earlier. She talked about how when you dream you have thoughts and emotions and you do things but there is a different quality to your thoughts and emotions, and you do not physically act out what you do because you are paralyzed. You do things in the dream world with your dream body but not physically. So I recognized that dreaming was transcendent to the previous three, yet contained them. They were all different versions of the same thing, separate and distinct but one, simultaneously continuous and discrete.

Thinking

Doing

Emotion

Dreaming

I observed the phenomena where the fourth was different and transcendent. The first was more mental, the second more linked to homeostasis and order, the third action. I started to think of examples of the pattern, and right off the bat I knew that I discovered the theory of everything. Earlier that week I watched a lecture on Physics that my other Grandpa had bought me from the teaching company. In the lecture the professor discussed that there were four types of forces. He said that the fourth, Gravity, was different. The first three forces, the strong force, the weak force, and electromagnetism, could be articulated through the theory of quantum mechanics, but Gravity could only be understood through the theory of General Relativity. There were attempts made by Physicists to combine the four forces into one. These theories were called Grand Unifying theories, and Theories of Everything, but the Physicists were unsuccessful because they could not link Gravity with the other three. Like Empedocles fire, Gravity was separate from the first three.

The Four Forces of Physics

Strong Nuclear Force- Bring together on a small scale

Electromagnetism- Separate on a large scale

Weak Nuclear Force- Separate on a small scale

Gravity- Bring together on a large scale

Physicists distinguished the four forces by the different combinations of two dichotomies. The dichotomies were bringing together v. separating, and on a large scale v. small scale.The strong force brought things together on a small scale, the weak force separated things on a small scale, electromagnetism separated things on a large scale, and gravity brought things together on a large scale.

Similarly Aristotle organized the four forces along two dyads. The dyads were hot v. cold, and wet v dry. Hot things rose and cold things sunk. Wet things filled the container and dry things stayed compact and firm. Air was hot and wet. Air rose and filled its container. Water was cold and wet. Water sunk and filled its container. Earth was cold and dry. Cold things sunk and dry things maintained their shape. Earth is solid and does not fill its container. Fire was hot and dry. Hot things rose like fire rises and dry things assumed a form not filling the container.

In the same pattern, there are four blood types. A, B, Ab, and O. O is the transcendent fourth. The O blood type can be put in the previous three blood types. So the O is the transcendent fourth domain. There are also four domains of life that assume the same pattern. Archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes, and the virus. Archaea are kind of weird extremophiles. Bacteria kind of maintain order breaking down dead matter and living in creatures guts breaking down food. Eukaryotes are the doers that perform actions and do things. Animals and plants are Eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are more solid. The fourth transcendent domain of life is the virus. When a biologist is asked if a virus is alive or dead, the answer is yes. Biologists originally only agreed upon three domains of life, and did not consider the virus a domain of life because the virus needed a host to survive. But more recently many biologists consider the Virus a fourth domain of life and even think that the other three domains of life may have emerged from the transcendent fourth domain. Therefore the virus is kind of separate, yet encapsulates the previous three. The other three may have emerged from the virus and moreover, the virus literally needs to live within the other three to survive.

Blood Types

The next day after I had the revelation of the quadrant pattern I went to my Biology class at UCSD. The teacher drew Punnett squares. They were quadrants, and they were dihybrid crosses where the first three squares were similar and the fourth different. We watched a movie on DNA and the four nucleobases ACGT were described. Thymine was different, and was replaced with Urine in DNA. I went to the bathroom and drew the next quadrant.

DNA NUCLEOBASES

PUNNETT SQUARE

Corresponding to the thinking square I wrote contemplation. The next square I wrote passion, corresponding to the emotion square. The third square I wrote flowing, corresponding to the doing square. The fourth square I wrote knowing, corresponding to the dreaming square.

That night I showed my friend Michael Mossad the model. I told him that according to Plato reality is a shadow of what he called “the Form of the God”. I told Michael that the Form of the Good was the cross. I told him that I made the discovery while I was reading the gospels on the chapter where Jesus was crucified. I told him that the I immediately connected the quadrant to the cross. I explained to Michael that the reason why the cross is such a powerful symbol is it is the “Form of Being” the “Form of Existence” the “Form of the Good”, what Plato saw as God. In other words, the cross/ quadrant was the Form of God according to Plato. I told Michael that the quadrant was the Form of Being, and according to philosophers and theologians, Being was God.

I then gave Michael the definitions of thinking, emotion, doing, and dreaming. I told Michael that thoughts are shaped by the ego/identity. If I consider myself Black my thoughts might be different on a subject than if I considered myself European. I told Michael that emotions are also influenced by the ego identity. I told him that if I consider myself a basketball player then I might get mad if somebody said I was no good at basketball, but I told him that if I did not see myself as a basketball player then I probably would not feel any emotion to such a remark. I told him that thinking and emotion are also physical. I said that thoughts are affected by neurotransmitters and axon potentials which are physically linked, and emotions are connected to hormones. The emotions are used to signal to others how you are feeling. The second square is more social and connected to homeostasis. By signalling to others your feelings, you shape your environment. The second square is homeostatic and maintains order, and thus emotions are a method of homeostasis. Also one's race and physical features influence his thoughts and emotions. Phrenologists always knew that one's race and physical features affects one's thoughts and thinking capacity and it is obviously true although people like to fight against such claims because they feel that they are used to justify eugenics and practices that are discriminatory. I said to Michael that doing, the third square, was purely physical, and related to physical action, and one's physical qualities affect what he does. For instance if you are tall and athletic and strong, you are more likely to play basketball. So thoughts and emotions, and what one does is connected to physical qualities and phenomena.

I then explained to Michael the definition of dreaming. I told Michael that dreaming was also governed by the ego. Freud said that the content of a lot of dreams was sublimations of sex, which is very ego oriented. People have dreams where they have sex with their mothers. I explained that sex is an act of ego/self preservation, representing the desire to perpetuate/preserve the ego self. Having sex with one's mother represents the ultimate manifestation of the ego desire to save and perpetuate itself, because your mother shares 50 percent of your genes and therefore your child with your mother will have a lot more of your genes, and thus the attempt to procreate with one's mother is the desire to perpetuate and promote the ego self. Freud said that this desire was repressed in waking life, but expressed itself subliminally and metaphorically in dreams. I told Michael how in dreams you run away from bad guys, or try to hide from your classmates because you are naked. You try to protect the ego self in the dream. But I said you also do things that you would not do in regular life. You still think, but there is a different quality to your thoughts. You are more impulsive and spontaneous and do not question things as much. In waking life, if one saw a giant monster walking across the street, he might question if it was real, but in a dream there is not as much questioning that occurs, and things that are supernatural and surreal are taken for granted as real and not questioned. I told Michael that when you dream you are still a physical body acting out the dream, but that physical body is a dream body in the dream world. Your actual physical body is paralyzed and in the bed, so you do not act out your dream with your real physical body. So I told Michael that there is a transcendent quality to dreams. Dreams are still tied to the physical ego body, but there is also a sort of transcendence of the physical ego body. Some great discoveries occurred while people were dreaming. For instance Kekule came up with a model of Benzene while dreaming. Mendelev discovered the periodic table while in a dream. It can be argued that the reason they were able to leap to these discoveries was because their rational physical brains were turned off and they were in touch with a more transcendent supernatural dream realm. There is a transcendent quality to dreams. Ancient cultures saw dreams as linked to the divine realm and the spiritual realm. In the Bible dreams are used to tell the future which is a supernatural task. So the dream links one to the transcendent.

Below the thinking, emotion, doing, and dreaming quadrant I drew another quadrant. In the thinking square I wrote contemplation, in the emotion square I wrote passion, in the doing square I wrote flowing, and in the dreaming square I wrote knowing. I told Michael that the fourth square, dreaming, points to the fifth square, contemplation. The fourth square contains the previous three squares, but also indicates the nature of the square that comes after it. Dreaming is simultaneously physical, but points beyond the physical to the transcendent. Dreaming concurrently is linked to the ego body identity and points beyond the ego body identity. Magical and supernatural feats can occur in dreams such as flying, especially if one is capable of lucid dreaming, where he recognizes that he is dreaming during the dream, and is therefore able to control the dream environment and himself and have supernormal abilities. So I told Michael that while dreaming is still linked to the ego, it also represents a transcendence of the ego, pointing to contemplation.

I defined for Michael contemplation. I said that when one contemplates he focuses deeply on something, not just at the surface. In order to fully contemplate something, one must seek patterns and relationship, and thus he must immerse himself in the interconnectedness and oneness of things. In order to contemplate, therefore, one must transcend the ego body/separation, and let himself go to oneness and Truth without contamination of the ego identity. So dreaming points to contemplation. I then defined for Michael passion. I said that when one is passionate he loses is completely immersed in something and loses himself in it. I said again the ego self is dead. I told Michael that passion is the byproduct of being a part of something larger than yourself. I said to Michael that flowing is synonymous with the zone. I said that Michael Jordan described the zone, where he experienced a different perception of time and space. He felt that the rim was larger and time moved slower. Everything he did was perfect. He was not aware of his body. He transcended his body. I told Michael that when I was younger I was always in the zone when playing basketball. I was considered by many to be the best shooter in the nation, and I was never aware of my body or what I was doing. Everything I did was subconscious and automatic, but it was more perfect and pure than if I planned it. I saw videos and how I skipped and constantly moved and I was not even aware that I was doing that at the time. I had fan clubs of girls, literally girls that called themselves “The Ryan Merkle Fan Clubs”. I was flowing- I was in the zone. I then told Michael that I would define knowing for him more later, but I told him that philosophers define knowing as a justified true belief. So I said knowing is the Truth, and it is justified so you can explain why it is the Truth. I told Michael that the only thing that can really be known is the quadrant model and that the quadrant is the Form of Existence, I told him that was the one Truth. I knew this even though I had only discovered it the previous day.

THIRD QUADRANT- EGO INTERPERSONAL CONSCIOUSNESS

Thinking

Doing

Emotion

Dreaming

FOURTH QUADRANT- TRANSPERSONAL CONSCIOUSNESS

Contemplation

Flowing

Passion

Knowing

I told Michael that the cross is the form of existence and everything in reality was just a manifestation, a reflection of the quadrant pattern. I told him that therefore the quadrant model is the only thing that can really be known and that it is the only thing that is. I told Michael that there is no thing, the only thing that is is the quadrant model that is it, everything is a manifestation of the quadrant pattern, there is only one thing in existence and that is the quadrant pattern- there is no thing only the quadrant model pattern.

I then drew for Michael a quadrant to the left of the thinking, emotion, doing, and dreaming quadrant. In the first square I wrote sensation, in the second square I wrote perception, in the third square I wrote reaction (which I later changed to response) and in the fourth square I wrote awareness. I told Michael that while the thinking, emotion, doing, and dreaming square was physical, this square was mental and related to the mind. I defined the terms for Michael. I said that sensation is the transduction of chemical and electrical stimuli to sense organs. I then told him that perception was the interpretation of the stimuli by the mind. I emphasized that sensation and perception was mental. I told Michael that placebo pills can completely alter one's perceptions. Perceptions are very much linked to the mind. So sensation and perception are the duality, corresponding to the thinking and emotion squares. I then told Michael that response is the triad. Perceptions evoke responses, and responses are instinctual. For instance, if one gets the perception of a flash of light in his eyes he blinks. If a female hamster gets the sensation of a male hamster mounting her she instinctively responds by arching her back. The hamster does not consciously do this but instinctively does. So a response is a reaction influenced by stimuli that provokes it. Doing is not necessarily controlled by the stimuli around it, but responses are connected to stimulus. Similarly a person has more control over his thoughts and emotions, but sensations and perceptions are very linked to the environment. Somebody can affect whether he is happy or not by smiling. The physical action of smiling releases neurotransmitters that make somebody more happy, according to psychologists. But if somebody is in an ice bath he cannot change the fact that he is going to feel very cold until he sensitizes to the ice bath. The environmental stimuli have more of an impact on sensation and perception, and not as much with thoughts and emotion. I link the first quadrant to air, and air fills its container, so it is influenced a lot by its environment. Sensation, perception and response are like air. Thinking and emotion and doing and dreaming are like earth, more solid and physical, and less influenced by the environment. Sensation perception response and awareness are more mental and flimsy and ethereal like air, whereas thinking emotion doing and dreaming are more solid and physical like earth. That polarity between mental and ethereal and solid and firm marks the contrast between the first quadrant and the third quadrant.

I then defined for Michael awareness. I told Michael that awareness is separate yet contains the previous three. I said that our awareness is made up of our sensations, perceptions, and responses, but not entirely. I said that there is a lot of sensations and perceptions and responses that we are not aware of. But awareness is kind of a conscious sensation, perception, and response, being able to observe one's perceptions. So awareness contains the previous three but at the same time transcends them. I told Michael that there is self awareness. Many animals do not have self awareness. They merely instinctually have sensations, perceptions, and responses. But the chimpanzee is said to have self awareness. If you put a red dot on a chimpanzee’s head it will be able to look into a mirror and notice the dot and will attempt to take it off. Thinking emotion doing and dreaming are related to the ego. But sensation, perception, response, and awareness are linked to the self. One tries to protect the self and understand the self, whereas one tries to promote and boost and embellish the ego. It is said that when one dreams he wishes to achieve great things and accomplish goals that are currently out of reach. Dreaming is therefore dangerous and represents a sort of breaking away from the safe and the comfortable. Awareness is etymologically linked to the root word wary. Wary means to be cautious. Once you have self awareness you become cautious and wish to protect and preserve the self.

FIRST QUADRANT INSTINCTUAL SPIRITUAL CONSCIOUSNESS/ THE SELF ORIENTED

Sensation

Response

Perception

Awareness

David Keirsey made a personality model where he pronounced four types of people. There is the idealists, the guardians, the artisans, and the rationals. Again, these are built around two dyads. The idealists abstract and cooperative. Abstract people are more mental and seek patterns. Cooperative people care more about doing what produces social harmony than doing what works. Idealists are sensitive, perceptive, responsible, and aware. So idealists are connected to the first quadrant, sensation, perception, response, and awareness. Being concerned with the environment, like air, which conforms to its environment, is an idealist quality. So idealists are sensitive and perceptive, focusing on their environment and seeking harmony within it.

The opposite of the first quadrant idealist temperament is the third quadrant artisan temperament. Artisans are concrete and utilitarian. An example of an artisan is Donald Trump. While idealists are the air element, artisans are the Earth element. Idealists are the first quadrant, and artisans are the third quadrant. The first and third quadrant are opposites. Concrete people do not seek patterns and deeper understanding, but look for facts and details/data. Utilitarian people do not care as much for social harmony, but more seek to do what works, despite if it hurts feelings. Idealists are more feminine, whereas artisans are more masculine, and women tend more to be idealists and first quadrant oriented, whereas men tend more to be artisans and third quadrant oriented. Idealists are responsible and wary/cautious, whereas artisans do what works and are dreamers, not caring if they step on toes to accomplish their dreams. Idealists seek more self understanding and harmony with others, whereas artisans are more ego oriented, seeking to accomplish goals, so they are not as aware/wary/cautious, and perceptive, seeking to maintain harmony, but they do what they do and do what they feel works, despite if it makes others unhappy or uncomfortable. The idealists are air, conforming to their environment, whereas artisans are earth, solid and individuals, maintaining their shape/form. The artisans are more physical oriented, thinking, emotion doing and dreaming, and the idealists are more mental oriented, sensation, perception, response, and awareness.

Keirsey’s Temperament Model

Idealist- abstract cooperative

Artisan- concrete utilitarian

Guardian- concrete cooperative

Rational- abstract utilitarian

So I told Michael that awareness encompasses sensation, perception, and response, but it also transcends them, and points beyond them. It engulfs the previous three in that, as your awareness changes, your sensation, perception, and responses change. There was a case where a architects looked at an X ray of a pyramid in Egypt and they could not see anything of significance. But finally an architect examined the x ray who had built a structure like a pyramid from the inside out, and he noticed that there were channels that indicated the structure was built from the inside out. He was able to perceive this because he was aware of such a possibility. The other people presumable had the same exact sensation when they looked at the picture; they saw the same thing, but they did not perceive what the architect who figured it out perceived because they did not have his awareness. Awareness alters sensations, perceptions, and responses. But also perceptions can alter awareness. The more that you perceive something, the more aware of it you can become. But I explained to Michael that awareness also points beyond itself. I said that people are aware of an overwhelming amount of stuff. All of the awareness would be too much to handle, if it were not solidified and encapsulated into beliefs. Awareness becomes beliefs, and beliefs make reality manageable. Awareness has a quality of being ethereal and mental, and does not have substance. When people describe being aware of something, there is a connotation that they have not completely grasped it but they are MERELY aware of it. They have not quite put their fingers on it. Awareness becomes more compactified when it becomes contained in beliefs. I described that aware and wary are etymologically connected. Aware is therefore linked with beware. Wary is caution. There is an inclination through caution to create beliefs to structure and order one's world and make it manageable. So being aware/ bewaring becomes beliefs.

I had to think about the model a little longer so I told Michael that we would talk about it more later. About a week later I met with Michael again and told him that the second quadrant had come to me. The first quadrant was sensation, perception, response, and awareness. The second quadrant was belief, faith, behavior, and belonging. I explained to him that awareness is consolidated into beliefs. So the fourth square awareness points to the square belief, which becomes its own quadrant. I said that belief and faith were the duality. Our beliefs determine our faith, faith is concerned with beliefs. I said that belief is the first square of the second quadrant so it is mental but because it is the second quadrant it is related to homeostasis. I said that beliefs are mental content that create order and glue together groups. The second quadrant is connected with homeostasis and order. I said that faith is connected with trust. To have faith in something you do not have to have visible proof, but visible proof does not hurt. All of the quadrants are connected, so the first quadrant can affect the second quadrant. If one has perceptions of something this can cement his faith and beliefs. But to believe something or have faith in it one does not need to see it, and one's faith and beliefs can even affect what one perceives. I said that faith also has the connotation of being relational. For instance, a man can be faithful with his wife. The second quadrant is the most relational, linked with homeostasis and order. I told Michael that behavior is the third square, doing square of the second quadrant. Again, there is a triad. People behave in accordance with their beliefs and faith.

While the first quadrant was related to the self and the third quadrant to the ego, the second quadrant is more connected with the community. Beliefs, faith, and behavior are connected with the community and maintaining order, structure, and stability within the community. One's beliefs are very much affected by the community that he is brought up in. For instance, somebody born into a Muslim family will most likely have Muslim beliefs, but somebody brought up in a Hindu family will more likely have Hindu beliefs.

I mentioned that the first quadrant sensation, perception, response, and awareness is associated with the idealist temperament. Idealists are sensitive, perceptive, responsible, and aware. Artisans are thinkers, emotional, doers, and dreamers. Guardians are believers, faithful, doers, and dreamers. Idealists are air. Artisans are earth. Guardians are water. Water is cold and wet. Cold things sink and wet things fill the container. Guardians are concrete and cooperative. That means that idealists share the cooperative function with idealists, and share the concrete function with artisans. Concrete people do not seek deeper meaning and patterns but search more for facts and details, and cooperative people care more for social harmony than doing what works. Sensitive idealist people have deep minds and care about harmony. Believer guardians are not as deep, but they also care about harmony like the sensitive idealists. Water and air both fill their containers because they are wet. Filling the container is linked with caring about social harmony more than doing what works. Fire and Earth are dry and do not fill the container. Artisans and rational utilitarian, which corresponds to being dry, and not doing things for social harmony’s sake and making everybody feel good, but doing what works. As a result idealists may seem disingenuous and like they are full of shit, arguing that everybody and everything is equal and lovey dovey, not wanting anybody to feel like they are marginalized and being perceptive and empathetic to everybodys feelings, whereas an artisan will tell the idealist to be real and get out of make believe fairy land and stop deluding yourself. But the idealist really truly feels what they say, but so does the artisan. Idealists are characterized as being “pussys” whereas artisans are “macho tough guy bad asses” and “cool”. The Guardians share the concrete aspect with artisans, not being very deep minded, but they also share the cooperative aspect with idealists, wishing for social harmony. Although, guardians are not abstract and do not see the oneness and connection of things like idealists, so they are practical and realistic, and while they want social harmony, they are not abstract and airy fairy and weird like idealists.

I told Michael that behavior is following orders. Again, belief, faith, and behavior are the second quadrant and the second quadrant is connected with community and homeostasis. Orders by the community/ authority determine belief, faith, and behavior. The fourth square of the second quadrant is belonging. The fourth square is transcendent, containing the previous three squares but also different. When you have the correct beliefs, faith, and behavior, you belong. But belonging is not completely and totally determined by having the right beliefs, faith, and behavior. Belonging also is related to one's physical features and qualities. For instance, a Black man cannot belong to the KKK and a White man cannot belong to the Black panthers, no matter even if they have the correct beliefs, faith, and behavior. So belonging is in part physical. In a lot of ways belonging is not physical at all. Belonging is described by psychologists as an elemental need and feeling, and it arises when one has the right behavior and beliefs and faith, which are not necessarily very physically related, but are more a sort of amorphous morphogenetic glue that connects communities. I think of belief, faith, behavior, and belonging as the second quadrant water element, and water is not completely physical. Water is more physical than the air idealist, but it is not solid. Water is kind of an intermediate between ethereal air and solid earth. The Guardian is the intermediate between the idealist and the artisan. The artisan Earth element is solid. Belonging contains the three before it, but it also points to what comes after it, the solid Earth quadrant, thinking, because a large component of belonging is linked to one's physical/genetic qualities. What group you belong to is determined by your physical characteristics. An ugly girl cannot belong to the pretty girl club. People who make more money tend to be more “attractive”. Unless you have tattoos and piercings you might not be accepted in some groups/communities. More attractive people tend to be more “intelligent”, and thus will think differently due to their thinking capacity. The group you belong to will not only affect your beliefs, it will influence your thoughts and emotions. Belonging, the fourth square of the second quadrant, points to thoughts, the first square of the third quadrant, and simultaneously affects beliefs, faith, and behavior.

Also, once you belong, you long to be. Belonging is linked to the community, but once you are in a community you want to break out of the community. The self, the first quadrant, wants to be a part of a community. Idealists are weird and they want to find the self. They don’t belong and they want to belong. Guardians belong and the fit into a community. But once you fit in a community you want to break out of that and seek more. The artisan has broken out of the community and become and individual and is ego oriented/egocentric. He now no longer is primarily concerned with fitting in and being liked, but is achieving his goals and breaking out of conformity. But there is more than just breaking out of conformity. After the artisan is the rational temperament. The rational temperament is abstract and utilitarian. Once you have become an individual you no longer want to just be an individual but you want to become one with God/Being. Abstract people seek patterns and are deep minded, and they are utilitarian, not primarily concerned with social harmony but more with what works. Rationals are knowers and they seek the Truth. The Truth is God. Idealists are abstract like rationals, but they seek more to understand the self. Rationals are beyond the self and they seek the Truth/Being/God. They are contemplative, passionate, flowers, and knowers. Artisans are ego oriented. Rationals transcend the ego toward the divine. The fifth quadrant is God/Being. The fifth square/quadrant is always ultra transcendent/linked to God. When one contemplates, has passion, flows, he then knows. So knowing contains contemplation, passion and flowing. But also again, it is different. Knowing and No Thing sound similar. There is really no thing all there is is the quadrant pattern. The only thing one can know is God which is the tetragrammaton/quadrant pattern. But knowing is very dangerous, and can be seen as bad. To know, as I alluded to before, one must in a sense die. To become one with God, it has been argued, one must literally die, but to gain any true knowledge, of the way things truly are, one must at least die to one's ego/identity.

So idealists are self oriented, instinctual spiritual consciousness, guardians are community oriented groupish belonging consciousness, artisans are ego oriented rational individualistic consciousness, and rationals are Truth oriented transpersonal trans-rational consciousness.

I connect the idealist to the gonads, the guardian to the gut, the artisan to the heart (there are neurons in the heart and thinking occurs in the heart), and the rational to the brain (the brain has glands which secrete hormones that affect the previous three- thus it is the transcendent fourth.)

IDEALISTS ARTISANS

Sensation infj

Response enfp

Thinking isfj

Doing estj

Perception enfj

Awareness infp

Emotion esfj

Dreaming istj

Belief isfj

Behavior estj

Contemplation intj

Flowing entp

Faith esfj

Belonging istj

Passion entj

Knowing intp

GUARDIANS RATIONALS

I am going to divide this book into four/five sections corresponding to the four fields of inquiry elucidated by philosophers as well as history. The four fields are science, religion, art, and philosophy.

The first section will be science. Philosophers have deduced four primary fields of science. The four fields of science can be reduced to physics, chemistry, biology and psychology. There will be a chapter devoted to each.

The second section will be religion. There are four World religions according to sociologists. I watched a teaching company course where the renowned professor discussed how sociologists say that there are only four world religions. A world religion must rule over a large area of land and proselytize (seek converts). The four world religions are Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism. Each world religion will have its own chapter, as well as more chapters for other religions such as other European, African, Middle Eastern, Amerindian, and Asian religions.

The third section will be art. I took a class at UCSD from a famous Cinema professor who taught that there were four primary arts, and he argued that there were periods in cinema before modern cinema where each of the four were dominant. They are painting, music, dance, and literature. I will also have a chapter on cinema and architecture.

The fourth section will be philosophy. This first book will be short and will contain pictures and illustrations. I have already over 60 qmr books but they have no pictures and illustrations an a lot of them had a lot of material that was copy and pasted. This book will be all my own words and will have diagrams and pictures to help guide one through teachings.

The quadrant model is the true theory of everything. Physicists try to discover what they call the “theory of everything”, but their theory of everything is not a theory of everything. Physicists want to combine the weak force, the strong force, electromagnetism, and gravity. The weak force, strong force, and electromagnetism can all be coalesced in what physicists call Grand Unifying Theories, or GUTS, but Gravity, the different fourth, cannot be reconciled with the other three forces. The attempt to consolidate the four forces is what physicists call a theory of everything. But the integration of the four forces is not a theory of everything, it is a theory of physics, and physics only. The quadrant model is a theory of everything, because it unifies phenomena in every area under one pattern, showing there is one pattern that is the basis of existence, the quadrant pattern. The quadrant pattern is the organizing framework of all reality, from literature, to physics, to biology, to history, to philosophy to everything. Hopefully please enjoy.

Section Science

Chapter Physics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_printing

The four color printing process uses four colors to print. The fourth color, black, is different.They are cyan, yellow, magenta, and black

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wRppPU5dbHU

Nassim Haramein 64 tetrahedron grid. Buckminster Fuller saw the tetrahedron grid as the geometry of space time.

http://cosmometry.net/vector-equilibrium-&-isotropic-vector-matrix

Buckminster Fuller thought that vector equilibrium is the building block of the Universe

http://www.cgjungpage.org/learn/articles/analytical-psychology/589-tetrahedral-geometry-and-the-psyche

https://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/may-2009/deconstruction-standard-model-discoveries

The Standard Model of Particle Physics is four groups of four. The discoverer of the standard model described “we do not know why but the particles in existence organize in groups of four”. Really there is only four particles that make up all of existence, the up quark, the down quark, the electron, and the electron netrino. Many people think that protons, neutrons, and electrons compose reality, but protons and neutrons are made of up quarks and down quarksThere are 16 particles in a three plus one pattern in the standard model. There are 12 fermions, which are the first three quadrants. There are 4 bosons, which is the fourth quadrant. It is thought by Physicists that they may have discovered the ultra transcendent 5th particle the Higgs Boson, which is called the God particle. The fifth quadrant is related to God. But I have listened to lectures by physicists and articles and it is not for certain that the Higghs boson was discovered. There are also four methods used to discover the Higgs boson. Four fenyman diagrams depict the four methods

https://www.symmetrymagazine.org/sites/default/files/legacy/images/200905/deconstruction_image.gif

https://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/may-2009/deconstruction-standard-model-discoveries

This graphic names the 16 particle types and shows when and where they were discovered. These particles also exist in the form of antimatter particles, with the same mass and the opposite electric charge. Together, they account for about 300 subatomic particles observed in experiments so far.

The neutrinos are the different fourth type. An electron neutrino can become an electron, an up quark, and a down quark.

The Standard Model of Particle Physics

Up quark

electron

Top quark

Tau neutrino

Down quark

Electron neutrino

Bottom quark

tau

Charm quark

Muon

gluon

W bozon

Strage quark

Muon neutrino

photon

Z bozon

http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast123/lectures/lec07.html

Tetraquarks are different than triquarks. Most particles are triquarks, but there are candidates for tetraquarks, the transcendent four in the three and four dynamic.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraquark

There are four paths in the proton proton chain. The fourth path is “extremely rare”. It is different. The final goal is the production of Helium 4, which looks like a quadrant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton–proton_chain_reaction

P-P 1

P-P 3

P-P 2

P-P 4

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion

The primary source of energy in the sun is the fusion of four protons into one alpha particle (He4). Carl Jung knew about this process and saw it as another example of quaternity.

I watched a Crash course show on film. The show mentioned how the Geneva drive was used for film projectors. The Geneva drive is a maltese cross

Tow Trucks look like crosses

http://karishope.blogspot.com/2011/11/tow-truck-savior.html

There are four variables in the Ohm’s Wheel

http://www.ohmslawcalculator.com/ohms-law-wheel

The four variables in the Ohms wheel

Power Watts

Volts Voltage

Current Amps

Resistance Ohms

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_system

Triple star systems are sort of common but quadruple star systems are more rare. Systems beyond four stars are exceedingly rare

Kepler 64 is the first known quadruple star system

KOI 2626 is a quadruple star system with an Earth sized planet. It is the first quadruple system to be found with an Earth sized planet

Xi Tauri represents a three plus one pattern. Xi Tauri is a quadruple star system with the fourth orbiting the other three every 50 years.

I learned about Hertzsprung Russell Diagrams in an introductory astronomy class I had at UCSD. There are four groups of stars in Hertzsprung Russel diagrams

http://www.atnf.csiro.au/outreach/education/senior/cosmicengine/stars_hrdiagram.html

The Four Types of Stars in the Hertzprung Russel Diagram

A- Main Sequence

C- Supergiants

B- Giants

D- White dwarfs- White dwarfs are made of pure carbon. Carbon is a quadrant

The center star of the big dipper is Mizar. Mizar is really a quadruple star system

https://leepavelich.wordpress.com/2011/10/02/mizar-and-alcor/

Penrose diagrams are elemental in Black hole physics. I watched a teaching company course on Black holes and a large amount of it was dedicated to the study of Penrose diagrams. Penrose diagrams are quadrants

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penrose_diagram

There are four exact black hole solutions to Einstein Field Equations

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_black_hole

The Four Types of Black Holes

Schwarzschild- Non Rotating Uncharged

Kerr Rotating Uncharged

Reissner- Nordstrom Non Rotating Charged

Kerr- Newman Rotating Charged

There are four possible bosonic string theories

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosonic_string_theory

Paul Ehrenfest, Max Tegmark, Immanuel Kant, John D. Barrow, Herman Weyl, and many others have argued for the “privelged character of 3 plus one space time. Three plus one spacetime is three dimensions of space and one dimension of time.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacetime

Eric Dollard has a book called The Four Quadrants of Electricity. A lot of people know about ac and dc currents. But there are two more types of current. There is also ic and oc.

Eric Dollard’s Four Quadrants of Electricity

1) Continuous currents (DC); time function = zero.

3) Impulse currents (IC); time function = Nepers/second.

2) Alternating currents (AC); time function = radians/second.

4) Oscillating currents (OC); time function = Neper-radians/sec.

The Four types of electricity Eric Dollard

Continuous current

Impulse current

Alternating current

Oscillating current

Bearden claims that Maxwell wrote his original equations in quaternions. Pauli described that he felt that the power of quaternions in physics illustrated the fact that the Universe was based around a sort of, as he saw it, magical quaternary logic.

http://www.cheniere.org/books/aids/ch4.htm

There are four Maxwell equations. These equations explain all of electromagnetism. They are

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_equations

The Four Maxwell Equations

Gaus’s Law

Maxwell Farraday Equation (Faraday’s Law of Induction)

Gaus’s law of magnetism

Ampere’s Circuital Law (with Maxwell’s Addition)

Four kinematic equations explain the movement of all objects. The fourth kinematic equation is different. The fourth kinematic equation is a quadratic equation. Quad means four

The four terrestrial planets. These four planets are before the asteroid belt

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planet

The Four Terrestrial Planets

Mercury

Earth

Venus

Mars

The Four Gas Giant Planets

Jupiter

Uranus

Saturn

Neptune

Astrology employs the four elements

Air — 3 - Gemini; 7 - Libra; 11 - Aquarius - light, hot, wet

Spring (wet becoming hot) - Air - Aries, Taurus, Gemini

Earth — 2 - Taurus; 6 - Virgo; 10 - Capricorn - heavy, cold, dry

Autumn (dry becoming cold) - Earth - Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius

Water — 4 - Cancer; 8 - Scorpio; 12 - Pisces - cold, wet, soft

Winter (cold becoming wet) - Water - Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces

Fire — 1 - Aries; 5 - Leo; 9 - Sagittarius - hot, dry, ardent

Summer (hot becoming dry) - Fire - Cancer, Leo, Virgo

The four quadrants in vedic astrology

http://www.astrologyforthesoul.com/vedicastrology/vedicastrologylessons3housesbhavas_print.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pati–Salam_model

The Pati-Salam model proposes a transcendent fourth color charge to the standard three. Again trinity moving to quaternity

Color charges

The Pati-Salam Four Color Charges

Red

Blue

Green

Lilac

Originally there were three quantum numbers. Pauli discovered the fourth quantum number. Pauli said that his greatest achievement was moving from three to four. Pauli dialogued with Jung. Jung told Pauli that Pauli had a “neurosis” where he was stuck on three, but he made the leap to four. Pauli looked highly upon Jung and Pauli searched for quaternities in physics. Pauli saw them everywhere. Pauli saw the quaternity in Heisenberg’s work and Dirac and others. Pauli said that physics was “based around the quaternity”

https://arxiv.org/pdf/1003.3223.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_number

The Four Quantum Numbers

Principal quantum number

Magnetic quantum number

Azimuthal quantum number

Spin quantum number

The baryon decuplet is a tetractys formation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetractys

There is an X shaped structure at the center of the milky way. The x is the quadrant. I have seen lectures where people relate the X shape structure to the cross, and see it as evidence of intelligent design.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-shaped_radio_galaxy

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6574

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplane_(aeronautics)

Quadruplanes have four stacks of wings. Four stacked planes are rare. No plane beyond four stacks of wings has been succesful

“aircraft with more than four sets of wings rarely occur - none have proven successful.”

George Cayley is considered the “Father of Aviation”. He identified the four forces of flight. Planes themselves look like quadrants

George Cayley’s Four Forces of Flight

Lift

Drag

Thrust

Weight

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight

The German air force was called the Luftwaffe. Below is depicted the finger-four formation used by the Luftwaffe. It is a sixteen square quadrant model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quattron

Standard televisions use three types of pixels. Standard televisions use red, blue, and green. Quattron adds a transcendent fourth pixel, the yellow pixel.

Quattron Televisions Four Pixel Colors

Red

Blue

Green

Yellow

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unique_hues

Charles Hubbard Judd said that humans distinYelguish four unique hues

Charles Hubbard Judd’s Four Unique Hues

Yellow

Blue

Red

Green

Einstein gained notoriety due to his “miracle year”. During Einstein’s miracle year, he wrote four papers. The four papers are called the annus mirabilis papers. The four papers are

Einstein’s Four Papers of the Miracle Year

Photoelectric effect

Special Relativity

Brownian Motion

Mass-Energy Equivalence

Chapter Chemistry

The quadrant pattern is seen in the orbitals in chemistry. There are probability densities where electrons can be found, called the orbital shells. The first square orbital shell is the S orbital. The s orbital looks like a sphere. The second square is the P orbital. The S orbital appears as two spheres. The S and P orbitals are the duality. The third square orbital is the D. It is more like a donut with the two spheres. It builds on the first two. Think of the quadrant model as a holistic model with each orbital building upon the preceding orbital, as each square builds upon the previous squares. Each square has all elements of the last square, but contains new elements. The D orbital is the third square. The fourth square is the F orbital.

The fourth builds upon the previous three. Yet it is very different. The fourth always seems not to belong with the other three. The fourth expresses a quality of transcendence. In the periodic table of elements seen in every chemistry classroom, the S, P, and D orbital sections are together, but the F section is placed to the side, by itself. The nature of the Quadrant Model of Reality is revealed in the graphic representation of the periodic table. The fourth square is always quite different from the first three. But the F orbital does not exist without the other three. The fourth square is separate from, yet builds upon the first three squares.

The four orbitals in chemistry are:

Square one: S orbital; Square two: P orbital; Square three: D orbital; Square four: F orbital.

ORBITALS IN CHEMISTRY

http://www.course-notes.org/chemistry/topic_notes/electronic_structure_of_atoms/orbitals_electron_configurations

http://theinfoscience.blogspot.com/2016/02/what-is-hybridization-in-organic.html

Bohr used the Balmer series of the hydrogen atom to come up with his theory of quantum mechanics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_spectral_series

https://www.slideshare.net/tt7647tt/chemistry-electron-orbitals-and-sub-levels

The water molecule is tetrahedral.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahedral_molecular_geometry

https://phys.org/news/2013-02-scientists-tetrahedral-molecular.html

https://plus.maths.org/content/os/latestnews/may-aug10/ice/index

At UCSD I learned about the four thermodynamic potentials.

The Four Thermodynamic Potentials

Internal Energy U= Energy needed to create system

Helmholtz Free Energy F=U-TS

Energy needed to create a system minus the energy you can get from the environment

Enthalpy U+PV Energy needed to create system plus the work needed to make room for it

G=U+PV-TS

G= Total energy needed to create a system and make room for it minus the energy you can get from the environment

In my Chemistry class at UCSD the teacher wrote these four possiblities determining if a process is spontaneous or not

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous_process

This set of rules can be used to determine four distinct cases by examining the signs of the ΔS and ΔH.

When ΔS > 0 and ΔH < 0, the process is always spontaneous as written.

When ΔS < 0 and ΔH > 0, the process is never spontaneous, but the reverse process is always spontaneous.

When ΔS > 0 and ΔH > 0, the process will be spontaneous at high temperatures and non-spontaneous at low temperatures.

When ΔS < 0 and ΔH < 0, the process will be spontaneous at low temperatures and non-spontaneous at high temperatures.

For the latter two cases, the temperature at which the spontaneity changes will be determined by the relative magnitudes of ΔS and ΔH.

Chemistry four valence electrons looks like quadrant

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-Lewis-dot-diagram-for-carbon

The Four Elements of Life

Carbon

Oxygen

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Silicon and Germanium both have four valence electrons. Silicon and Carbon are called the miracle elemtns. Carbon has four valence electrons and makes up life. There are four elements that make up life, Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen. Silicon makes up most of the Earth and computers and electronics. Germanium makes up transistors and also has four valence electrons, looking like a quadrant.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach

The four sections of most beaches

In my third year chemistry class at UCSD, the teacher drew a quadrant, and talked about the four types of atoms based on atomic number of protons and electrons. She pointed out the fourth type was different and claimed “Chemists do not know why”. The fourth different kind is Odd odd. The two dyads are odd v even protons, and odd v even neutrons

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Even_and_odd_atomic_nuclei

The Four Types of Nuclides p,n

OE 48 stable

EO 53 stable

EE 147 stable

OO 5 stable

There are four common forms of radioactive decay

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decay_chain

The Four Forms of Radioactive Decay

Alpha decay

Inverse beta decay

Beta decay

Isometric transition

There are four detectors in the Large Electron Positron Collider. The LEPC is the most famous particle collider behind Cern. Cern also has four main detectors

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Electron–Positron_Collider

The Four Detectors of the Large Electron Positron Collider

ALEPH

OPAL

DELPHI

The four main detectors at the Large Hadron Collider are

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Hadron_Collider

The Four Main Detectors of the Large Hadron Collider

ATLAS

ALICE

CMS

LHCb

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary_ammonium_cation

Quatenary ammonium cations have four branches. They are used as disinfectants, surfactants, fabric softeners, and as antistatic agents (e.g. in shampoos). In liquid fabric softeners, the chloride salts are often used. In dryer anticling strips, the sulfate salts are often used. Spermicidal jellies also contain quaternary ammonium salts.

There are four major categories of rice

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice

indica

aromatic

japonica

glutinous

There are four major cuisines in China. The four are connected to the four directions

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_cuisine

Chuan

Yue

Huaiyang

Oreos are covered by cross pattees. On the oreo is also the cross of lorraine. The nabisco symbol is the cross of lorraine

https://www.snopes.com/secret-symbols-oreo-cookies/

https://gnosticwarrior.com/oreo.html

Cupcakes are made from four ingredients. The four ingredients are butter, sugar, eggs, and flour.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupcake

1234, or quarter cakes, have

one cup of butter

three cups of flour

two cups of sugar

four eggs

Cakes are made of four ingredients

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_cake

Flour

Eggs

Butter

Sugar

In France, the pound cake is called the quatre-quarts. Quatre-quarts means four quarters. Each of the four ingredients is in a one to one ratio.

There are four main ingredients of beer. They are

http://www.dummies.com/food-drink/drinks/beer/the-main-ingredients-of-beer/

The Four Main Ingredients of Beer

Grain

Yeast

Hops

Water

Powerade is a complete sports drink. Powerade advertised that the Powerade sports drink has the four key electrolytes, so it is a complete sports drink. Gatorade, however, it said only had two of the key electrolytes, so it was not a complete sports drink. Now gatorade explicitly advertises the four electrolytes in Powerade Ion 4.

https://www.powerade.com.au/products/ion4

The Four Electrolytes of Powerade

Sodium

Calcium

Potassium

Magnesium

Chapter Biology

Now let’s look at some more examples of the quadrant model with five elements that we have not touched before. One is the five senses. There are five primary sensory capabilities in the human body. In the first square is sight. Seeing occurs as light photons are reflected onto the retina. This input is processed by the mind into information as images. Sight is related to the first square art painting and the first square element air. Vision occurs due to light travelling through the air. The second square is hearing. Hearing and seeing are the duality. Ear cells vibrate due to oscillating airwaves that come from the surrounding environment. Airwaves remind me of water. The second square element is water. Music is the second square mode of art. Music is related to hearing. These vibrations through the air are interpreted by the mind as sounds. The sense of hearing is used to glue together social relationships. The second square is associated with glueing together communities/homeostasis. The third square is touch, which is the solid, doing square. Touch is related to the body; the third square is always the most physical square. Touch is related to the third square mode of art, dance. Touch is physical and thus linked to the third square element earth. Mechanoreceptors in the body send electrical signals to the mind, which interpret how objects in the environment feel to the touch. The fourth sense is the sense of taste. The first three senses are mechanoreceptors, but taste is a chemico receptor. Taste is linked to the mouth. The third square mode of art is literature. Literature was originally oral tales, linked to the mouth. When a rapper speaks raps well he is said to “spit fire”. The mouth is like the forth square element fire.

The first three sense faculties are called mechanoreceptors. These three interpret mechanical information from the environment. Taste, however, is very different from the others; it is a chemical perception occurring in the mouth. While the first three are mechanoreceptors, the fourth and fifth are chemical receptors. There is always an opposition between the second square and the fourth square- they are opposites but at the same time there is a connection. The second square is hearing. The fourth square is the mouth/speaking. Words cannot be heard (which is the second square- the ears) if there are no words spoken (which is the fourth square- the mouth).

Taste, being the fourth, characteristically is separate from the first three squares, but encapsulates them. Ingested food or drugs affect seeing, hearing, and touching. For instance, carrots affect eyesight, certain drugs alter the sense of touch and hearing, like hallucinogens. While on the one hand taste is separate from the previous three, it does influence them. The fourth square is separate yet intricately connected to the previous three. Drugs and food can also be ingested through the nose. These sense faculties are literally connected; ear canals connect to the mouth, and a canal connects to the nose.

The fifth primary sense is the sense of smell; it is the fifth square. The fourth always points to the fifth. The fourth, the sense of taste, and the fifth, the sense of smell, are both chemical perceptions. The first three perceptions are mechanical perceptions.. The fourth indicates the nature of the fifth. Smell and taste are very connected. The nose is located immediately above the mouth, and they are physically connected. The smell of things affects the taste of things. The smell can anticipate the taste of things. The fourth and fifth squares are kind of united as one. The fifth square is the extremely transcendent square. The fourth square is different from the first three squares in that it is somewhat transcendent of the previous three. The nature of the fourth square points to the nature of the fifth. The fifth square is the beginning of a new quadrant.

Aristotle said that in reality there are only four senses. Aristotle said that taste and touch were the same, and were not separate senses. Again, the fourth is always different. Aristotle linked the four senses to the four elements.

ARISTOTLES FOUR SENSES HE LINKED TO THE FOUR ELEMENTS

Aristotle’s Four Senses (in reality there is not five senses but more like 9 if you include the sense of heat, balance, pain, and other senses). Aristotle said there were four senses, which he linked to the four elements)

Air Ears

Touch and Taste- Earth

Water Eyes

Smell- Fire

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_wits

“Aristotle himself, in De Sensu et Sensibilibus defined four senses: sight (associated with water because the eye contains water), sound (corresponding to air), smell (corresponding to fire), and touch (corresponding to earth).”

The four special senses

Special senses are senses that are associated with specialized organ

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_senses

The Four Special Senses

Vision the eye

Smell- the nose

Hearing and balance (homeostasis) the ear

Taste- the tongue

I learned about the Miller Urey experiment at UCSD in my biology class. The professor described how with four components, amino acids, the building blocks for life, were created.

The Four Components of the Miller Urey Experiment, which created the building blocks of life

Water

Ammonia

Methane

Hydrogen

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller–Urey_experiment

The Jersey Shore Shark Attacks of 1916 were four deaths by a Great White Shark that inspired the movie jaws. The great white, tiger, bull, and oceanic whitetip shark are the four types of sharks that caused a significant amount deaths to humans.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shark_attack

https://www.terminix.com/pest-control/cockroaches/identification/

The four common species of cockroach known as pests are the American, Brown Banded, German, and Oriental.

There are four lineages of chloroplasts- glaucophyte, amoeboid Paulinella chromatophora, rhadophyte, and chloroplastidan.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast

C3 Carbon fixation is the most common type, but there is a transcdent C4 fixation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C4_carbon_fixation

Dinosaurs are divided into two clades, one based on having a three pronged Pelvis, and another based on a four pronged pelvis. The dynamic demonstrates the dynamic between three and four.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithischia

https://books.google.com/books?id=_H3JotLS-rMC&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5&dq=four+pronged+pelvis&source=bl&ots=3_FdB-EYk5&sig=Ir7t_xApI1aIHAAyByxCXOQrhZs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj4s4Hj89vXAhVF82MKHRi4AssQ6AEIQzAH#v=onepage&q=four%20pronged%20pelvis&f=false

Marsh divided dinosaurs into four orders- Sauropoda, theropada, ornithopoda, and stegosauria.

Monarch butterflies go through four stages in one life and four generations in a year. The fourth generation is “different from the other three”

https://www.monarch-butterfly.com

The Four Stages of the Monarch Butterfly

egg

Pupa (chrysalis)

Larvae (caterpillar)

Adult butterfly

March and April first generation

July and August third generation

May and June second generation

Fourth generation September and October

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saurischia

The fourth germ layer. In biology class at UCSD I was taught about three germ layers, the endoderm, ectoderm, and the mesoderm, but there is a transcendent fourth germ layer the neural crest

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4611932/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryo

The Four Embryonic Germ Layers

endoderm

medsoderm

ectoderm

Neural crest

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4611932/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3219808/

The fourth ossicle is transcendent and different. Most people know about three ossicles in the ear but they do not know about the fourth ossicle.

The Four Ossicles of the Ear

Malleus

Stapes

Incus

Lenticular process

http://www.roger-russell.com/hearing/hearing.htm

Three inner hair cells and a fourth outer hair cell. The fourth is different

The Hair Cells of the Ear

Inner hair cell

Outer hair cell

Thyroid hormones are T3 and T4. T4 contains four iodine atoms and T3 contains four iodine atoms. Again, the three four dynamic

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_hormones

Humans have four traditional tastes. Originally it was thought that there were only three tastes. Democritus, however, added the transcendent fourth. Bitter was added by Democritus. We see the three plus one pattern, and the three and four interplay in the tastes.

http://www.actforlibraries.org/types-of-taste-buds/

The Four Traditional Tastes

Bitter

Sour

Sweet

Salty

Democritus also believed that there were four primary colors

http://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/leucippus-and-democritus

The Four Primary Colors of Democritus

Black

Red

White

Greenish yellow

The Greeks originally believed that there were three humours. Later, Thales added the fourth humour, Black Bile. The three plus one pattern is therefore represented with the humours.

The Four Humours

Blood

Black Bile

Phlegm

Yellow Bile

https://books.google.com/books?id=t8Ns7LQmROcC&pg=PA471&lpg=PA471&dq=thales+four+humours+four+humors+black+bile+choleric+egypt+three+humours&source=bl&ots=4b5nE4uCHS&sig=e5xYshD_D9hwJJIzNcOj3a1oKP4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjC3Ib-2ufXAhXix1QKHQkWBFMQ6AEIYjAM#v=onepage&q=thales%20four%20humours%20four%20humors%20black%20bile%20choleric%20egypt%20three%20humours&f=false

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humorism

The cerebral cortex is made of four lobes

https://www.verywell.com/the-anatomy-of-the-brain-2794895

Occipital- seeing vision- related to the first square field of inquiry painting

Parietal- movement doing. Related to the third square field of inquiry dancing

Temporal lobe- the second square is homeostasis and order. The temporal lobe has the section of the brain responsible for religiosity. People with temporal lobe seizures become very religious. Also it is connected with hearing. Hearing i sthe second square field of inquiry music.

Frontal lobe- the transcendent fourth. Related to the fourth square field of inquiry philosophy. The fourth is transcendent. Literature is the forth square art. Again literature was originally said through oral tales. The temporal lobe is responsible for hearing. But the frontal lobe has the part of the brain that is responsible for speaking. Listening is related to the guardians who “behave” and “believe” what they hear from authority. The frontal lobe is the authority, the transcendent fourth where speaking occurs.

The Four Lobes of the Brain

Occipital

Parietal

Temporal

Frontal

The triceps is said to have a fourth head called the anconeus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triceps_brachii_muscle

The Four Heads of the Triceps

Long head

Lateral head

Medial head

Anconeus

Many people know about three hamstrings, but there is a fourth transcendent hamstring.

http://www.asfyt.com/blog/great-muscles-to-know-the-adductor-magnus

https://www.abmp.com/textonlymags/article.php?article=642

https://www.facebook.com/Learnmuscles/posts/10153666253714104

The Four Hamstrings

Semitendinosis

Biceps femoris

Semimembranosus

Adductor Magnus

The four major ligaments of the knee. Cruciate means cross. The cross is the quadrant.

The Four Ligaments of the Knee

Anterior cruciate ligament

Medial collateral ligament

Posterior cruciate ligament

Lateral collateral ligament

The four types of mechanoreceptors

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanoreceptor

The tactile corpuscles (also known as Meissner corpuscles) respond to light touch, and adapt rapidly to changes in texture (vibrations around 50 Hz).

The Merkel nerve endings (also known as Merkel discs) detect sustained pressure

The bulbous corpuscles (also known as Ruffini endings) detect tension deep in the skin and fascia

The lamellar corpuscles (also known as Pacinian corpuscles) in the skin and fascia detect rapid vibrations (of about 200–300 Hz)

The Four Mechanoreceptors

Tactile corpuscles

Merkel nerve endings

Bulbous corpuscles

Lamellar corpuscles

The four organs of a flower

The Four Organs of a Flower

Sepals

Stamens

Petals

Carpels

There are four whorls of the flower

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cycle

The four stages in the cell cycle

G1 Phase

G2 Phase

S Phase

M Phase

https://www2.le.ac.uk/projects/vgec/highereducation/topics/cellcycle-mitosis-meiosis

http://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-1-cell-biology/16-cell-division/cell-cycle.html

The chromosome is an X shaped, four armed structure. The chromosome is the part of the DNA molecule that has the genetic material

There are four kinds of DNA

https://dna-explained.com/2012/10/01/4-kinds-of-dna-for-genetic-genealogy/

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/molgen/

The Four Kinds of DNA

Y Chromosome

Mitochondrial

X Chromosome

Autosomal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome

I learned about protein structure at UCSD. There are four levels.

According to the GNC hypothesis, the primeval genetic code consisted of four codons

GGC, GCC, GAC and GUC

The Four Primeval Codons of the GNC Hypothesis

GGC

GAC

GCC

GUC

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNC_hypothesis

The GNC code is said to have evolved to the SNS code. The SNS code has 16 codons. There are 16 squares in the quadrant model

GGC, GGG, GCC, GCG, GAC, GAG, GUC, GUG, CUC, GUG, CCC, CCG, CAC, CAG, CGC and CGG

Proteins of the GADV can form four fundamental structures found in proteins

Hyrodphobic and hydrophilic

B-sheets

A- helices

turns

In the GADV hypothesis the origin of the present genetic code was four codons, GGC, GCC, GAC, GUC. These four amino represent four amino acids. The acronym GADV represents these four amino acids

The Four Original Amino Acids of the GADV Hypothesis

Glycine

Aspartic Acid

Alanine

Cytosine

Penicilin is made up of a four membered B-lactam ring. Penicilin was instrumental in saving millions of peoples lives.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin

A steroid has four rings. A steroid is a three plus one, with the fourth ring different. There are three six membered cyclohexane rings and one five member cyclopentane ring

At UCSD I learned that the gastric glands had four types of cells

https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/digestive/regions/stomach.html

The Four types of Cells in Gastric Glands

Mucous cells

Chief cells

Parietal cells

Endocrine cells

There are four parathyroid glands

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_chief_cell

Four points of constriction the espophagus

https://plu.mx/plum/a/?doi=10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.008&theme=plum-jbs-theme&hideUsage=true

At the start of the esophagus, where the laryngopharynx joins the esophagus, behind the cricoid cartilage

Where it is crossed on the front by the aortic arch in the superior mediastinum

Where the esophagus is compressed by the left main bronchus in the posterior mediastinum

The esophageal hiatus where it passes through the diaphragm in the posterior mediastinum

Ruminants, like cows and giraffes, have four stomachs. Ruminents chew their cud.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestion

The Ruminants Four Stomachs

Rumen

Omasum

Reticulum

Abomasum

Four stages of digestion. At UCSD the professor taught us the four stages

The Four Stages of Digestion

Ingestion

Absorption

Mechanical and chemical breakdown

Egestion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestion

The four paranasal sinuses

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranasal_sinuses

The Four Paranasal Sinuses

Frontal Sinus

Ethmoid air cells

Sphenoid Sinus

Maxillary Sinus

Four parts fallopian tube

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallopian_tube

The fimbria

Ampulla - where the ovum is fertilized

Infundibulum

Isthmus

The Four Parts of the Fallopian Tube

The Fimbria

Ampulla

Infundibulum

Isthmus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_G

75 percent of serum is made up of Immunoglobulin G. It is a tetramer. Tetra is four. They are made of four peptide chains. There are four IgG subclasses

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin

Blood is made up of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin has four subunits in a tetrahedral arrangement. Tetra is four.

There are four main components of blood

http://www.hematology.org/Patients/Basics/

The Four Components of Blood

White Blood Cells

Plasma

Red Blood Cells

Platelets

Voltage Gated Potassium Channels are tetramers with four units- Tetra is four

http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~gardner/action_potential.htm

The thylakoid is the site of light dependent photosynthesis in plants. There are four protein complexes in the thylakoid

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thylakoid

The Four Protein Complexes of the Thylakoid/ Photosynthesis

Photosystem I

Cytochrome B6f Complex

Photosystem II

ATP Synthase

There are four types of hormones in vertebrates

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone

The Four Types of Hormones in Vertebrates

Steroid

Amino Acid

Eicosanoid

Peptide

There are four types of tissue. I took a biology class at UCSD. During the class the biology professor said “there could have been three or five types of tissue, but we do not know why there is four”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_(biology)

The Four Types of Tissue

Epithelial

Muscle- The doer

Connective- Connecting homeostasis

Nervous- the transcendent fourth

There are four classes of macromolecules. Originally there was thought to be three, but the fourth transcendent nucleic acid was added later.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/properties-of-polymers/

The Four Classes of Macromolecules

Carbohydrates

Proteins (the doers)

Lipids (structure homeostasis)

Nucleic acid

Gymnosperms are seed bearing plants. There are four classes of gymnosperms

http://www.biologyreference.com/Gr-Hi/Gymnosperms.html

The Four Classes of Gymnosperm

conifers

ginkgo

cycads

gnetophytes

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnosperm

http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/reclaiming-the-dead-on-mt-everest-1.1206082

Mount Everest has four camps

The Tetrapharmkos is an Epicurean four part remedy. The four parts are

The Tetrapharmakos of Epicurus

Don't fear god

What is good is easy to get,

Don't worry about death;

What is terrible is easy to endure

There are 40 epicurean principal doctrines. Again, there is the repetition of four.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapharmakos

I watched a documentary on germs. The documentary discussed Koch’s four postulates

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koch%27s_postulates

The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy organisms.

The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.

The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture.

The microorganism must be reisolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent.

There are four stages of typhoid fever

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis

There are four stages of syphilis

The Four Stages of Syphilis

Primary

Latent

Secondary

Tertiary

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_trachomatis

There are four bacterial species in the genus chlamydia. The fourth is different. There were originally thought to be three

There are four species of plasmodium that cause malaria

http://www.who.int/ith/diseases/malaria/en/

The Four Bacterial Species in the Genus Chlamydia

P. falciparum

P. ovale

P. malariae

P. vivax.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B

Hepatitus B is the type of Hepatitus that is transmitted through sex. There are four serotypes of Hepatitus B

There are four groups of HIV 1. They are represented by the four colors. There are four branches where cross species transmission of HIV from animals to humans occurred

http://perspectivesinmedicine.cshlp.org/content/1/1/a006841.full

http://perspectivesinmedicine.cshlp.org/content/1/1/a006841/F4.expansion.html

The four lineages of HIV

P- The fourth P lineage is seen as different

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV

Gould divided Darwin’s Finches into four subgroups. Darwin’s famous picture of the four finches in quadrant formation. Originally Darwin distinguished three groups of animals, but later he added the transcendent fourth.

https://books.google.com/books?id=ESFo2r9CvtIC&pg=PT122&lpg=PT122&dq=von+baer+Darwin+three+branches+four+branches&source=bl&ots=TlKa96Z4ia&sig=SAHzgVX-N4WCISE-iPuPnCfSRfQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiTt9GYutLUAhVQ92MKHeEpBrUQ6AEIPzAD#v=onepage&q=von%20baer%20Darwin%20three%20branches%20four%20branches&f=false

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin%27s_finches

Darwin originally proposed four branches of animals. Later he added the transcendent fourth. The picture is very famous. At the top he wrote “I think”. It is said that Darwin was influenced by Von Baer’s idea of four archetypes of animals.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila_melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster is considered a model organism. Model organisms are used for study by biologists. It is a model organism because it is so simple having four chromosomes. When I was in my biology class at UCSD, the professor drew the four chromosomes of the Drosophilia, and said that the reason it was a model organism, was it only had four chromosomes. It has three autosome chromosomes and one sex chromosome. The chromosomes are a three plus one pattern.

“The fourth chromosome is so tiny it is often ignored”. There is one XY pair, and three autosomes.

The life cycle of an insect is four stages

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila_melanogaster

The Four Stages of an Insects Life Cycle

Fertilized egg

Pupa

Larva

Adult

There have been four super radiations of insects. They are

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_insects

beetles(evolved around 300 million years ago)

moths (evolved around 150 million years ago)

flies (evolved around 250 million years ago)

Wasps (150 million years ago)

The Four Super Radiations of Insects

Beetles

Moths

Flies

Wasps

There are four groups of hexapod

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_insects

insects (Ectognatha)

Protura

springtails (Collembola)

Diplura

They are a three plus one. The later three are Entognatha

The Four Groups of Hexapod

Insects

Protura

Springtails

Diplura

There are four major groups of eutheria

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutheria

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrotheria

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sexual_response_cycle

There are four stages of the sex cycle

The Four Stages of the Sex Cycle

Excitement

Orgasm

Plateau

Resolution (the transcendent fourth stage seems different)

There are four phases of the menstrual cycle. There are four hormones involved in the menstrual cycle

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/GCSE_Science/Hormones

The cruciform eminence divides the occipital bone into four fossae. Cruciform means cross

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruciform_eminence

There are four types of glial cells in the brain. The fourth is different. The fourth was discovered later.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroglia

The Four Types of Glial Cells

ependymal cells

microglial cells

astrocytes

oligodendrocytes

ependymal cells (light pink)

microglial cells (dark red)

astrocytes (green)

oligodendrocytes (light blue)

Peters A (May 2004). "A fourth type of neuroglial cell in the adult central nervous system". Journal of Neurocytology. 33(3): 345–57. doi:10.1023/B:NEUR.0000044195.64009.27. PMID 15475689.

The four stages of sleep

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/394979829797490531/

https://www.sleepresolutions.com/blog/what-is-deep-sleep-stage-3-sleep-and-aging

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-rapid_eye_movement_sleep

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_cycle

A normal night sleep has four sleep cycles

Normal Adult Brain Waves

Beta

Theta

Alpha

Delta

Menstrual cycle hormones

Progesterone

Follicle stimulating hormone

Oestrogen

Luteinising hormone

There are four stages of the estrous cycle

luteinising hormoneX

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrous_cycle

The Four Stages of the Estrous Cycle

Proestrus

Metestrus

Estrus

Anestrus

I talked to a man in the library a few years ago. He told me about a bacterium called Conan bacterium, that he said biologists like Craig Ventor were going to try to use to create life. He said that it is also feared that it may destroy all of life on Earth, because the organism is so powerful. He said that it is extremely radiation resistant, so it is very difficult to kill it. Conan the bacterium is a tetrad

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deinococcus_radiodurans

Deinococcus radiodurans/ Conan the Bacterium

Mitrocoma cellularia

The cross jelly fish takes the form of a quadrant

http://jellieszone.com/hydromedusae/mitrocoma/

Big cats are members of the panthera genus that roar. There are four big cats. They are

The Four Big Cats

Tigers

Jaguars

Lions

Leopards

DNA analysis shows that there are four major types of dog

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog

"old world dogs" (e.g., Malamute and Shar Pei)

"herding"-type (e.g., Border Collie)

"Mastiff"-type (e.g., English Mastiff)

"all others" (also called "modern"- or "hunting"-type).

The Four Major Types of Dog

Old World Dogs

Herding-type

Mastiff-type

Hunting-type

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_chimpanzee

The Four Subspecies of Chimpanzee

Central chimpanzee

Nigeria-Camaroon chimpanzee

Western Chimpanzee

Eastern chimpanzee

Aum on a cow. Aum is three plus one letters.

https://wikiislam.net/wiki/Animals_Marked_by_Allah

https://www.quora.com/Why-does-the-cow-have-4-udders-while-it-can-only-give-birth-to-1-calf-per-year

Cows have four quarters in their udders.

https://wikiislam.net/wiki/Animals_Marked_by_Allah

Cruciferous vegetables have four petals. Cruciferous means cross bearing. The vegetables petals make the shape of a cross/quadrant. Here is a list of cruciferous vegetables.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruciferous_vegetables

Horseradish

Armoracia

rusticana

Land cress

Barbarea

verna

Ethiopian mustard

Brassica

carinata

Kale

Brassica

oleracea

Acephala group

Collard greens

Brassica

oleracea

Acephala group

Chinese broccoli (gai-lan)

Brassica

oleracea

Alboglabra group

Cabbage

Brassica

oleracea

Capitata group

Savoy cabbage

Brassica

oleracea

Savoy Cabbage group

Brussels sprouts

Brassica

oleracea

Gemmifera group

Kohlrabi

Brassica

oleracea

Gongylodes group

Broccoli

Brassica

oleracea

Italica group

Broccoflower

Brassica

oleracea

Italica group × Botrytis group

Broccoli romanesco

Brassica

oleracea

Botrytis group / Italica group

Cauliflower

Brassica

oleracea

Botrytis group

Wild broccoli

Brassica

oleracea

Oleracea group

Bok choy

Brassica

rapa

chinensis

Komatsuna

Brassica

rapa

pervidis or komatsuna

Mizuna

Brassica

rapa

nipposinica

Rapini (broccoli rabe)

Brassica

rapa

parachinensis

Choy sum (Flowering cabbage)

Brassica

rapa

parachinensis

Chinese cabbage, napa cabbage

Brassica

rapa

pekinensis

Turnip root; greens

Brassica

rapa

rapifera

Rutabaga (swede)

Brassica

napus

napobrassica

Siberian kale

Brassica

napus

pabularia

Canola/rapeseed

Brassica

rapa/napus

oleifera

Wrapped heart mustard cabbage

Brassica

juncea

rugosa

Mustard seeds, brown; greens

Brassica

juncea

White mustard seeds

Brassica (or Sinapis)

hirta

Black mustard seeds

Brassica

nigra

Tatsoi

Brassica

rosularis

Wild arugula

Diplotaxis

tenuifolia

Arugula (rocket)

Eruca

vesicaria

Field pepperweed

Lepidium

campestre

Maca

Lepidium

meyenii

Garden cress

Lepidium

sativum

Watercress

Nasturtium

officinale

Radish

Raphanus

sativus

Daikon

Raphanus

sativus

longipinnatus

Wasabi

Wasabia

japonica

Dragonflies are known for flight. They have four styles of flight

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragonfly

The Four Styles of Flight for Dragonflies

Counter-stroking

Synchronized-stroking

Phased-stroking

Gliding

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantis_shrimp

The mantis shrimp has the most advanced vision out of any creature. Its visual system is the quadrant model. The mantis shrimp has 16 cones. 12 are for color sensitivity. The other four are for filtering. The twelve are the first three quadrants. The different four is the transcendent fourth quadrant. The mantis shrimps cones fit the three plus one pattern.

I took a class on animal psychology at UCSD. The whole class was applying Tinbergen’s four questions to animals. The four questions are a quadrant model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinbergen%27s_four_questions

Tinbergen’s Four Questions

Ontogeny (development) Proximate- how an individual organism’s structures function, Dynamic view- explanation of the current form in terms of a historical sequence

Mechanism (causation) Proximate, Static view- Explanation of the current form of species

Phylogeny (evolution) Ultimate (evolutionary) view- Why a species evolved the structures (adaptations) it has, Dynamic view-

Function (adaptation) Ultimate, Static

Ethologists define and identify four types of social behavior

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethology

Ethologist Classification of Social Behaviors

Egoistic- Increase donor fitness, decrease receiver fitness

Altruistic- Decrease, Increase

Cooperative- Increase, Increase

Revengeful- Decrease, Decrease

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution

Four genes in the human eye are used to make structures that sense light. Three of the structures are cones. The fourth is a rod that sees in the dark. Again, the three plus one pattern

Normalized human photoreceptor absorbances for different wavelengths of light[11]

Four Structures in the Eye

Red Cone

Blue Cone

Green Cone

Rod

Some humans are tetrachromats. They have four types of cones

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrachromacy

Chapter Psychology

Now let me describe the Myers-Briggs and Keirsey personality models. The Myers-Briggs model, originating with Carl Jung, consists of four dichotomies with sixteen personality types. Jung identified the first three dichotomies. After factor analysis Myers and Briggs discovered that there was another dichotomy, which is different and only later identified. The fourth square is always a sort of maverick in relation to the preceding three. The four dichotomies are:

*Square one; extraversion-introversion (E-I)

*Square two; sensing-intuition (S-N)

*Square three; thinking-feeling (T-F)

*Square four; judging-perceiving (J-P).

  Extraverts gain energy by being around others, and are more action oriented. Whereas introverts gain energy by being alone, and are more cerebrally oriented.

Sensing and intuiting types are called the perceiving, information gathering functions. Sensors are concerned primarily with facts and details, while the intuitive are more concerned with comprehending “the big picture” and deeper meanings.

Thinking and feeling are the judging functions. Thinkers care more about logic, consistency, and doing what works. Feelers are more concerned with what other people feel and think, and are interested in maintaining interpersonal harmony. The third square is always about doing; the personality types in this third square want to do what works and what creates social harmony.

Next is judging and perceiving. The fourth square always points beyond itself, engaging in a larger context. Judging and perceiving deal with how people relate to the outside, wider world. Judging personalities prefer to use their thinking and feeling functions when relating to the world. Perceivers prefer to use their sensing and intuitive functions. Those who prefer judging tend to want things planned and decided, whereas, perceivers tend to like things to left open-ended.

The varied combinations of these personality types yield sixteen possibilities. Keirsey separates the types into four temperaments; the Idealist, the Guardian, the Artisan, and the Rational. I link the 16 types to the 16 squares of the quadrant model pattern.

Quadrant 1 = the Idealist. Square one, the sensor (INFJ); square two, the perceiver (ENFJ); square three, the responder (ENFP); square four, the aware person (INFP).

Quadrant 2 = the Guardian. In square one is the believer (ISFJ); in square two is the faithful person (ESFJ); in square three is the behaver (ESTJ); square holds the belonger (ISTJ).

Quadrant 3 = the Artisan. In square one the thinker (ISFP); in square two is the emoter (ESFP); in square three is the doer (ESTP); in square four is the dreamer (ISTP)

Quadrant 4= the Rational. In square one is the contemplator (INTJ), in square 2 is the passionate person (ENTJ); in square three is the flow-er (ENTP); in square four is the knower (INTP).

There are four possibilities related to free will and determinism

http://thelifeofpsi.com/2015/11/23/whos-in-charge/

The idealist is determinism and no free will. Idealists are abstract so they see the oneness of things and patterns so they say it is determined. But they are cooperators so they do not have free will but try to fit in with their environment

The artisan is no determinism but free will. Artisans are concrete so they don’t believe in determinism. They are utilitarian so they do what they think works, so they have free will.

The guardian does not believe in determinism and does not believe in free will. Guardians are concrete so they do not see the patterns so they do not believe in determinism, and they are cooperative so they do not have free will.

The rational believes in determinism and free will. It is thought that such a view is contradictory and impossible. The fourth is always different

The Four Possibilities of the Free Will and Determinism Table

Hard Determinism- Determinism is True, Free Will is impossible

Libertarianism- Determinism is false, free will is possible

Hard Incompatibilism- Determinism is false, Free will is impossible

Compatibilism- Determinism is true, free will is possible

Lacan’s Four Discourses

Discourse of the Master- inauthentic, inconsistent

Discourse of Hysteric- authentic, inconsistent

Discourse of the University- inauthentic consistent

Discourse of the Analyst- authentic, consistent

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_discourses

Slavoj Zizek’s analysis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_discourses

http://www.academia.edu/5349650/Things_Come_in_Fours_Comparing_Marshall_McLuhans_Tetrad_and_Claude_Levi-Strausss_Canonical_Formula

Claude Levi Strauss’s Canonical Formula is fourfold. Levi Strauss is seen as a pioneer of anthropology. Also Mcluhan, who is very famous, is known for his tetrad of media effects and four stages of history.

http://www.ancientrails.com/2017/07/

The Johari Window

Open self- Known to self, known to others

Blind Self- Unknown to self, known to others

Hidden self- Known to self, unknown to others

Unknown self- Unknown to self, unknown to others

Michael Maier

http://www.hyle.org/journal/issues/9-1/elkins.htm Atalanta Fugiens

The four spheres represent four elements/four humours/the four stages in alchemy

The following was known as the Axiom of Maria:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_the_Jewess

One becomes two, two becomes three, and out of the third comes the one as the fourth.

Marie-Louise von Franz, an associate of psychologist Carl Jung, gives an alternative version:[7]

Out of the One comes Two, out of Two comes Three, and from the Third comes the One as the Fourth.

https://joedubs.com/the-philosophers-stone/

Four parts

“Make of a man and woman a circle; then a quadrangle; out of this a triangle; make again a circle, and you will have the Stone of the Wise.”

The magnum opus is the alchemical work to create the philosophers stone. It has four stages

The Four Stages of the Alchemical Work

Nigredo, blackening or melanosis

Citrinitas yellowing or xanthosis

Albedo, whitening or leucosis

Rubedo, a reddening, purpling, or iosis

Finnegan’s wake is divided into four parts. James Joyce described that he divided it into four parts because so many things are, like the gospels and the four provinces of Ireland. A lot of aspects of Joyce’s work is based around the quaternity. There is the four old men and the Four masters

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnegans_Wake

Four stages of competence

The Four Stages of Competence

Unconscious incompetence- wrong intuition

Conscious competence- right analysis

Conscious incompetence- wrong analysis

Unconscious competence- right intuition

Piaget is a renowned psychologist. Piaget said that there are four stages of child development. They are

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Piaget

Sensorimotor- The child is gullible like the idealist.

The first quadrant of the quadrant model is sensation. Piaget uses the word sensorimotor for the first stage of development.

Concrete Operational- The child begins to be able to understand things rationally. For instance, the child can tell that if you have three coins that are close together, and three coins that are far apart, there is still three coins. A child before the concrete operational stage cannot understand the conservation principle. The child is becoming rational and thinking. The word used by Piaget is concrete. Artisan personality types are concrete. Also the third stage is always solid/physical. The third square element is Earth. Concrete has the connotation of being hard

Preoperational- The child has magical thinking. The child is not yet rational. The child is interested in religion. He is concerned with order. The stage corresponds to the guardian temperament

Formal Operational. The child can perform abstract reasoning. The fourth stage is always transcendent

Piaget’s Four Stages of Child Development

Sensorimotor

Concrete operational

Preoperational

Formal operational

http://study.com/academy/lesson/attribution-theory-and-the-principle-of-locus-of-control.html

Weiner’s Locus of Control

Ability- Attributions of no control, internally perceived locus

Chance/luck- Attributions of no control, externally perceived locus

Effort- Attributions of control, internally perceived locus

Task difficulty- Attributions of control, externally perceived locus

William James said there were four aspects of the self

William James Four Aspects of the Self

Spiritual self

Material self

Social self

Pure Ego

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypostatic_model_of_personality The quadrant hypostatic model

The hypostatic model says that the human personality consists of four hypostases

Cognitive (the first square is mental)

Motor (the third square is doing)

Emotional (the second square is emotion and homeostasis)

Verbal (the fourth square is transcendent) The rational temperament is the speaker

The Four Hypostases of the Hypostatic Model

Cognitive

Motor

Emotional

Verbal

In the Road Less Travelled Peck discusses the four aspects of discipline

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._Scott_Peck

Peck’s Four Aspects of Discipline in a Road Less Travelled

Delay gratification

Dedication to truth

Acceptance of responsibility

Balancing

Peck also mentions four stages of spiritual development. The stages fit perfectly the quadrant pattern.

Stage 1 is chaotic. Chaos marks the first square. Air can be described as chaotic. Air is the first square element. The idealist can be described as sort of chaotic. Although I have to admit that the first square is good, but in Peck’s model, the first stage is not described as good.

Stage 3 is skepticism. The artisan is a thinker. When you think you question things. The third square temperament is the artisan.

Stage 2 there is blind faith in authority figures. Blind faith is characteristic of the second square temperament, the guardian.

Stage 4 the person gains an appreciation for mystery and beauty. The fourth square is the rational temperament. People who contemplate immerse themselves in mystery and have an appreciation for mystery.

Peck’s Four Stages of Spiritual Development

Chaotic

Skepticism

Blind Faith

Appreciation for mystery and Beauty

Peck also gives four stages of community building

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_Who_Mistook_His_Wife_for_a_Hat

The book, The Man Who Mistook His Hat For His Wife is a renowned book by Oliver Sacks. The book has four sections. My professors at UCSD talked a lot about the book. Professsor Ramachandran at UCSD is a Professor who discussed the book.

McLuhan’s tetrad has four parts

McLuhan’s Tetrad

What does the medium enhance?

What does the medium retrieve that had been obsolesced earlier?

What does the medium make obsolete?

What does the medium flip into when pushed to extremes?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereotype_content_model

The Stereotype Content Model

Paternalistic stereotype- High warmth, low competence

Admiration- High warmth, high competence

Contemptuous stereotype- Low warmth, low competence

Envious stereotype- High status, high competence

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_temperaments

Adler’s Four Temperaments

Socially useful

Avoiding

Getting

Ruling

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_are_known_knowns

Zizek proposed a fourth transcendent category, unknown knowns

Rumself is famous for saying that there are known knowns, when asked about weapons of mass destruction in Iraq. He claimed that it was known that he knew there were wmds.

Knowns and Unknowns

Known Known

Known Unknown

Unknown Known

Unknown Unknown

https://www.agileea.com/index.php/menu-services/modeling-as-a-service/quadrant-model-types/206-known-unknown-analysis-models-quadrant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johari_window

Johari Window

Known to self, known to others- Arena

Not known to self, known to others- Blind Spot

Known to self, not known to others- Facade

Not known to self, not known to others- Unknown

Chapter Sociology

Marr argued that human societies used four primordial sounds

http://hilobrow.com/2013/01/06/nikolai-marr/

Marr’s Four Primordial Sounds

Sal

Yon

Ber

Rosh

Greenberg divided African languages into four families

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Greenberg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Languages_of_Africa

Greenberg’s Four African Language Families

Afroasiatic

Niger-Congo

Nilo Saharan

Khoisan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Greenberg

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28240941

Omi and Winant developed a model with three races, based off of two dualities. I learned this model in my sociology class at UCSD. The dualities are insider v outsider and superior v inferior. Asians are outsiders superior. Whites are insiders superior. Blacks are insiders inferior. The Racial Position model adds the transcendent fourth race, brown people brown people are outsiders inferior. The

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28240941

Asian. Asians are outsiders but superior. Asians are linked to the idealist temperament. Idealists are abstract. Abstract people are weird. So abstract people they are outsiders. But idealists are also cooperative. Cooperative people are liked by others. According to Winant superior people work hard and are liked by others.

African- Insiders and inferior. Africans are linked to the artisan temperament. Artisans are concrete and utilitarian. Concrete people are normal, and thus insiders. Utilitarian people do what they want and what they think is best over social harmony. Therefore utilitarians would be seen as inferior. Africans are stereotypically lazy and counter culture. They also stereotypically commit crime. Also Africans are stereotypically seen as dumb, and ostentatious. For instance, the stereotype is that Africans buy nice rims and waist money on jewelry to impress others (Pimp my Ride). But Africans are also viewed as cool. The third square is the most physical. The third square is linked to Earth. Asians are stereotypically weak and effeminate. The first square is air. Africans are stereotypically large and strong and more masculine. The third square is the most physical and seen as bad. Africans are stereotypically dangerous. However Africans are insiders. Africans are stereotypically good at sports, and are trendy. Africans are said to be innovative in music and other areas.

Caucasian. Caucasians are insiders and superior. Caucasian is linked with the guardian temperament. Guardians are concrete and cooperative. Concrete people do not think as deeply, so they are not weird. Concrete people are normal and thus they are insiders.

Brown people. Brown is outsider inferior. Brown people is related to the rational temperament. Rationals are abstract and utilitarian. Rationals are weird in that they are abstract. Being an outsider is linked to being abstract. Also brown people are seen as inferior. They are seen as more criminal and dangerous. People argue that brown people are not good at anything. The fourth square element is fire. The second square element is water. Caucasians have historically wiped out brown people. Caucasians are water and brown people are fire. Earth and water do not get along but they need each other. Caucasians and Africans have historically fought throughout history, but they have also been close. Earth and water are always bumping heads. Asians and Caucasians tend to get along, but Asians are more introverted and isolationist. Asians tend to like Caucasians. Water and air tend to get along. Water precipitates through air.

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/314102381_fig1_Figure-1-The-four-quadrant-pattern-predicted-by-the-Racial-Position-Model

The Racial Position Model

Asian- Superior, outsiders

African Americans- Inferior, insiders

White- Superior, insiders

Latinos- Inferior, outsiders

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nolan_Chart

The Nolan Chart defines

The Nolan chart defines four types of political views. There are two vectors in the Nolan chart. One is personal freedom v no personal freedom. The other is economic freedom v no economic freedom.

Liberals want personal freedom but no economic freedom. Liberals are communists. Communists want equal distribution of wealth. Equal distribution of wealth is no economic freedom. But liberals like personal freedom. Liberals are for gay rights and women’s rights.

The first square race is Asians. Asians have stereotypically been communists through history. Asian countries adopted communism.

Conservatives want no personal freedom, but they want economic freedom.

The third square race is Africans. Africans stereotypically are against women promiscuity. Conservatives tend to objectify women and talk down to them. Rap music talks about women a lot as sluts and whores. Africans stereotypically rape women and cat call women who are dressed promiscuously. Also africans stereotypically are against homosexuality. For instance, in rap music, Africans tend to act masculine, and talk low about homosexuals. But africans are stereotypically for economic freedom. Africans stereotypically dress ostentatiously and have fancy cars and jewelry

Authoritarians don’t want personal freedom and they do not want economic freedom. Nazis are fascists. Nazi Germany wanted to control economics, giving out equal distribution of wealth, but Germany also did not want to allow personal freedom. Nazi Germany wanted women to be babymakers and was against gay rights. Nazi Germany said homosexuality as corrupting.

The second square race is Caucasians. Caucasians have stereotypically been associated with fascism.

Libertarians want personal freedom and economic freedom.

The fourth square race is the Brown people

Nolan Chart

Liberals- personal freedom, no economic freedom

Conservatives- no personal freedom, economic freedom

Authoritarians- no personal freedom, no economic freedom

Libertarians- personal freedom, economic freedom

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pournelle_chart

The Pournelle chart is similar to the Nolan chart. But the Pournelle chart uses different terms.

Pournelle Chart

Reason enthroned, State worship

Irrational, State as ultimate evil

Irrational, State worship

Reason enthroned, State as ultimate evil

Brian Mitchell pointed out four political traditions of Anglo American history

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_spectrum#Other_proposed_dimensions

Brian Mitchell’s Four Political Traditions of Anglo American History

Libertarian individualist- Akrateia, Anarch

Republican constitutionalist- Akrateia, Archy

Democratic progressivist- Kratos, Anarchy

Plutocratic nationalist- Kratos, Archy

The political compass

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_spectrum#Other_proposed_dimensions

The Political Compass

Authoritarian left

Authoritarian right

Libertarian left

Libertarian right

I watched a teaching company course where the Professor discussed that there were four world religions. He said that to be a world religion, a religion must have a large area of land and proselytize. Judaism is not considered a world religion. Although Jews have Israel, a large area of land, they do not proselytize. The world reilgions are

Buddhism

Islam

Christianity

Hinduism

Ayn Rand’s the Fountainhead has four sections

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fountainhead

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayn_Rand

Ayn Rand wrote four novels

We the Living

Woman on Trial

Anthem

Atlas Shrugged

The Four Field Approach of Franz Boas

Archaeology

Physical anthropology

Linguistics

Cultural anthropology

The four classical stages of demographic transition

http://papp.iussp.org/sessions/papp101_s01/PAPP101_s01_090_010.html

The Four Classical Stages of Demographic Transition

Pre transition

Late transition.

Early transition.

Post transition

Bourdieu’s four types of capital. I learned about Bourdieu in my sociology class at UCSD

https://sites.google.com/site/feorillodemeterio/thegrammarofclassconflictsinphilippineel

Bourdieu's Four Types of Capital

economic

symbolic

cultural

social

Collin’s Four Sociological Traditions

http://www.asatheory.org/current-newsletter-online/sociological-theory-meets-folk-theory-randall-collinss-four-sociological-traditions-in-an-american-classroom

Collin Four Sociological Traditions

Conflict- Egoistic, Collective

Durkheimian- Pro-social, Collective

Rational/ utilitarian- Egoistic, Individual

Microinteractionist- Pro-social, Individual

Competing Values Framework

Clan- Individuality flexibility, internal maintenance

Adhocracy- Individuality flexibility, external positioning

Hierarchy- Stability control, internal maintenance

Market- Stability control, external positioning

http://twotheories.blogspot.com/2016/05/organizational-forms-compared-my.html

https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/assets/9780203891629/graphics/fig3_1.jpg

https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9780203891629.ch3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_branch_of_government

There is three normal branches of government. People add the idea of a transcendent fourth branch of government

The Four Branches of Government

legislative

judicial

executive

press/people/interest groups/ administrative agencies

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estates_of_the_realm

The four estates of Russia. The fourth estate is seen as different/transcendent

The Four Estates of Russia

nobility

Rural dwellers

clergy

Urban dwellers

https://heterogen.wordpress.com/2015/01/31/bidimensional-models-for-asexuality-and-gender-identity/

Storm’s model for gender and sexual identity

Storm’s Model for Sexual Identity

Heterosexual- high heterosexual, low homosexual

Bisexual- high heterosexual, hgh homosexual

Asexual- low heterosexual, low homosexual

Homosexual- low heterosexual, high homosexual

Storm’s Model for Gender

Masculine- High masculinity, low femininity

Androgynous- High masculinity, high femininity

Undifferent- Low Masculinity, low femininity

Feminine- Low masculinity, high femininity

Bernier divided race into four subgroups based on the four quarters of the Earth

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_race_concepts

Bernier’s Four Races

Europeans

Negroes (blacks)

Far Easterners

Lapps

Anthropomorpha depicted in Hoppius' Amoenitates Academicae(1763)

1. Troglodyta Bontii, 2. Lucifer Aldrovandi, 3. Satyrus Tulpii, 4. Pygmaeus Edwardi

http://blog.world-mysteries.com/science/how-many-major-races-are-there-in-the-world/- The three v four dynamic is at play in the races. At UCSD we were taught that there are three races. But many also teach that there are four races. Meyers Konversationslexikon lists three races. Carleton S. Coon lists four. Coon adds the transcendent forth Australoid to the three

Mongoloid/Asian

Negroid/Black

white/Caucasian

Australoid

Carl Linnaeus Four Races

"Asiaticus fuscus" (brown Asian)

"Africanus Niger" (black African)

"Europæus albus" (white European)

"Americanus rubescens" (red American)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Czekanowski

Czekanowski classified European races as four

Czekanowski Four European Races

Nordic

Lapponoid

Mediterranean (Ibero-Insular)

Armenoid

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Races_of_Europe_(Ripley)

The four European races represent a three plus one pattern. Originally three were classified.by Ripley. Czekanowski added the transcendent fourth, Armenoid.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT_analysis

This map shows the updated racial classification scheme of the anthropologist Jan Czekanowski in his book Człowiek w czasie i przestrzeni(1967).

SWOT analysis is used a lot in business

SWOT Analysis

Strengths- Internal origin (attributes of the organization), Helpful (to achieve the objective)

Weaknesses- Internal origin, Harmful

Opportunities (attributes of the environment)- External origin, Helpful

Threats- External origin, Harmful

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansoff_Matrix

The Ansoff Matrix

Market Development- New Markets, Existing Products

Diversification- New Markets, New Products

Market Penetration- Existing Markets, Existing Products

Product Development- Existing Markets, New Products

Stan Weinstein four stages stock market cycles

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_market_cycles

Stan Weinstein's Four Stages of Stock Market Cycles

consolidation or base building

culmination

upward advancement

decline

Originally Kondratiev cycles had three stages. A transcendent fourth was added

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kondratiev_wave

Kondratiev Cycle

Expansion

Recession

Boom

Depression

McLuhan four stages of history

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_ecology

McLuhan Four Stages of History

tribal

literacy

Electronic

Studies indicate that the 4X4 block schedule of classes is the most effective for students. Four by four is the quadrant model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_scheduling

I watched a teaching company course where the Professor discussed the Four Asian Tigers, and how he saw them as a miracle. A whole lecture was dedicated to them. They are the four newly industrialized economies of Asia

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Asian_Tigers

Hong Kong

South Korea

Singapore

Taiwan

The Big Four Major European Powers are

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Four_(Western_Europe)

These four countries signed the Four Power Pact and the Munich Agreemeent

France

Italy

Germany

United Kingdom

Section Religion

In The Hero With a Thousand Faces, Joseph Campbell delineates four stages of religion. They fit the quadrant pattern. The third is bad, the fourth is transcendent

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Campbell

The Way of the Animals- hunter gatherer shamanism. This is linked to the idealist who is communistic like hunter gatherers and has a wild pre-rational imagination like shamanism

The Way of the Celestial Lights- Bronze Age patriarchal lead by a God King. More violent religions. The third is always bad and more violent

The Way of the Seeded Earth- the Mother Goddess is still worshipped and it is not as violent- agraraian cultures

The Way of Man- the Axial age, transcendent consciousness and metaphorical reasoning.

Joseph Campbell Four Stages of Religion

The Way of the Animals- hunter gatherer shamanism

The Way of the Celestial Lights- Patriarchal

The Way of the Seeded Earth- Mother Goddess worship

The Way of the Man- Axial age

Bachofen similarly elucidates four stages

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matriarchal_religion

The first stage he called "Hetaerism", characterized as a paleolithic hunter-and-gatherer society practicing a polyamorous and communistic lifestyle. The second stage is the Neolithic, a matriarchal lunar stage of agriculture with an early form of Demeter the dominant deity. This was followed by a "Dionysian" stage of emerging patriarchy, finally succeeded by the "Apollonian" stage of patriarchy and the appearance of civilization in classical antiquity

Bachofen Four Stages of Religions

Hataerism- communistic

Dionysian- patriarchal

Neolithic- matriarchal

Apollonian- civilization

Becker categorized religious behaviour into four categories

http://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/sects-and-cults

Becker Four Categories of Religious Behavior

Ecclesia

Sect

Denomination

Cult

Chapter Buddhism

There are four postures for Zen meditation

http://www.integralawakenings.com/uncategorized/meditating-in-all-four-postures/

The Four Postures of Zen Buddhism

Lying down

Standing

Sitting

Walking

The Buddhas are arranged in a quincunx, which is a cross of five elements

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Tathagatas

Vairocana Mandala

Amoghasiddhi (north)

Akshobhya (east)

Amitabha (west)

Ratnasambhava (south)

Vairocana (principal deity)

The Five Wisdom Buddhas

Fukujoju Nyorai (North)

Ashuku Nyorai (East)

Amida Nyorai (West)

Hosho Nyorai (South)

Dainichi Nyorai (principal deity)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Buddhist_pantheon

The Five Wisdom Buddhas in Quincunx formation

Bodhisattva quincunx

Miroku (north)

Fugen (east)

Kannon (west)

Monju (south)

Kongo-Haramitsu (principal deity)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Buddhist_pantheon

Five Wisdom Kings

All multiples of four

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_deity

Twenty Four Sky Emperors (Tiandi 天帝) Six Tiandi of the North 1. Bìfàn Xuánwú Tiandi 2. Bìkōng Zhēnjì Tiandi 3. Bìluó Yuánshǐ Tiandi 4. Bìgě Chéngkāi Tiandi 5. Bìyàn Zhūjǐng Tiandi 6. Bìhóng Xūkuàng Tiandi Six Tiandi of the South 7. Bìzhēn Dòngyáng Tiandi 8. Bìyáo Jiànggōng Tiandi 9. Bìxiá Míngsù Tiandi 10. Bìwú Yàodòng Tiandi 11. Bìyùn Shǐtú Tiandi 12. Bìhào Zhēngxū Tiandi Six Tiandi of the West 13. Bìshén Zhàozhì Tiandi 14. Bìchōng Zǐyào Tiandi 15. Bìgě Fànkōng Tiandi 16. Bìdòng Xiáyáng Tiandi 17. Bìhuá Kāilì Tiandi 18. Bìfàn Míngyáo Tiandi Six Tiandi of the North 19. Bìguāng Hánhuá Tiandi 20. Bìyè Zhùyán Tiandi 21. Bìdān Huáqì Tiandi 22. Bìkuò Címíng Tiandi 23. Bìlà Gēyīn Tiandi 24. Bìxū Níngyáng Tiandi Twenty Eight Sky Emperors (Tiandi 天帝) Seven Tiandi of the East 1. Tàimíng Hùzhēn Tiandi 2. Juéfàn Tàilíng Tiandi 3. Húyuè Cuìxiù Tiandi 4. Zǐdān Míngchǔ Tiandi 5. Dòngxiá Yùzhēn Tiandi 6. Kōngxuán Lìshǔ Tiandi 7. Qiáotōng Zhūpǔ Tiandi Seven Tiandi of the South 8. Yányú Zhēngshǐ Tiandi 9. Jīngwéi Xiāomíng Tiandi 10. Qìngfú Zīshàn Tiandi 11. Suíwén Xīdù Tiandi 12. Chángjī Lèwán Tiandi 13. Qíhuá Bùróng Tiandi 14. Gāolíng Dàiwú Tiandi Seven Tiandi of the West 15. Zhōuyú Píngwú Tiandi 16. Jǐngyán Tàizhēn Tiandi 17. Lǜjǐng Shǔchén Tiandi 18. Niúluó Pǔshì Tiandi 19. Dìngliáng Huìzōng Tiandi 20. Zhàolíng Sūjì Tiandi 21. Jiǔwēi Dònghuáng Tiandi Seven Tiandi of the North 22. Dìshū Guāngjìng Tiandi 23. Zǐyí Jìhuā Tiandi 24. Zhìdìng Yǔnlǐ Tiandi 25. Guāngfàn Jiùzhì Tiandi 26. Hǔ口 Zhēngbù Tiandi 27. Bàyān Wúyuán Tiandi 28. Dàomíng Húnxìng Tiandi Thirty Two Sky Emperors (Tiandi 天帝) Eight Tiandi of the East 1. Tàihuáng Huángzēng Tiandi 2. Tàimíng Yùwán Tiandi 3. Qīngmíng Hétóng Tiandi 4. Xuántāi Píngyù Tiandi 5. Yuánmíng Wénjǔ Tiandi 6. Qīyào Móyí Tiandi 7. Xūwú Yuèhéng Tiandi 8. Tàijí Méngyì Tiandi Eight Tiandi of the South 9. Chìmíng Héyáng Tiandi 10. Xuánmíng Gōnghuá Tiandi 11. Yàomíng Zōngpiāo Tiandi 12. Zhúlà Huángjiā Tiandi 13. Xūmíng Tángyào Tiandi 14. Guànmíng Duānjìng Tiandi 15. Xuánmíng Gōngqìng Tiandi 16. Tàihuàn Jíyáo Tiandi Eight Tiandi of the West 17. Yuánzǎi Kǒngshēng Tiandi 18. Tàiān Huángyá Tiandi 19. Xiǎndìng Jífēng Tiandi 20. Shǐhuáng Xiàománg Tiandi 21. Tàihuáng Wēngchóng Tiandi 22. Wúsī Jiāngyóu Tiandi 23. Shǎngshé Ruǎnlè Tiandi 24. Wújí Tánshì Tiandi Eight Tiandi of the North 25. Hàotíng Xiāodù Tiandi 26. Yuāntōng Yuándòng Tiandi 27. Hànchǒng Miàochéng Tiandi 28. Xiùlè Jīnshǎng Tiandi 29. Wúshàng Chángróng Tiandi 30. Yùlóng Téngshèng Tiandi 31. Lóngbiàn Fàndù Tiandi 32.Píngyù Jiǎyì Tiandi Sixty Four Sky Emperors (Tiandi 天帝) Sixteen Tiandi of the East 1. Wǎnkōng Míngfàn Tiandi 2. Zǐyuán Bàwú Tiandi 3. Yānjǐng Yùxū Tiandi 4. Chōngzhēng Dòngjí Tiandi 5. Míngbiàn Yuánhuáng Tiandi 6. Lǐchóng Yuānxū Tiandi 7. Jiàozhēn Quánzhòng Tiandi 8. Qīngwēi Huángyǔ Tiandi 9. Jiùmíng wàngshì Tiandi 10. Yuèfǔ Wènshí Tiandi 11. Qìlíng Zhāopǔ Tiandi 12. Xuánxū Guāngfàn Tiandi 13. Shǎngjí Sìzhǒng Tiandi 14. Yìhuā Zhēngzhèn Tiandi 15. Gūshì Bāfàn Tiandi 16. Jiǔyán Yùdìng Tiandi Sixteen Tiandi of the South 17. Dānmó Yìhuā Tiandi 18. Dòujiàn Xūyú Tiandi 19. Dìguāng Wújì Tiandi 20. Zhūlíng Yàoguāng Tiandi 21. Zǐjǐng Duànbái Tiandi 22. Jiàngxiān Táiyuán Tiandi 23. Shuǎngzhì Xièshēn Tiandi 24. Yùjiāng Sīchán Tiandi 25. Gūhóu Lìzhēn Tiandi 26. Gǔxuán Dàoyòng Tiandi 27. Lǐbù Míngwēi Tiandi 28. Shénlú Chāngyìng Tiandi 29. Dùzhēng Kèzōng Tiandi 30. Dàhuǒ Chìyī Tiandi 31. Qīngdì Dòngyáo Tiandi 32. Xuánchéng Bǎihuā Tiandi Sixteen Tiandi of the West 33. Jīnlí Guāngqǐ Tiandi 34. Jíhuáng Xuányùn Tiandi 35. Zhōuyán Jìngpíng Tiandi 36. Bǎosòng Róngzī Tiandi 37. Qìngzhēn Měiyuán Tiandi 38. Zhàiwú Shénsì Tiandi 39. Gāojiàng Zhìhuá Tiandi 40. Dàoqī Yánjì Tiandi 41. Tónglì Dàochú Tiandi 42. Dǐngshén Huàwēi Tiandi 43. Tàiān Shùnjí Tiandi 44. Qióngxī Yàoxiān Tiandi 45. Zǐdū Yuèguǎng Tiandi 46. Cuīkāng Jiéshí Tiandi 47. Jìngbì Làmáng Tiandi 48. Pǔhǎi Dòngjī Tiandi Sixteen Tiandi of the North 49. Yúsì Tǒngzhēn Tiandi 50. Hǔjiā Pīfāng Tiandi 51. Qiúyuān Làyú Tiandi 52. Jīnbái Zhēngjì Tiandi 53. Huánglì Kǒngxiū Tiandi 54. Yáoshū Jīnglíng Tiandi 55. Shényín Xiāodū Tiandi 56. Qìngzhāo Yuèfú Tiandi 57. Chēnmíng Chúkǔ Tiandi 58. Fēngxìn Kǎofú Tiandi 59. Zhèngrù Bàobù Tiandi 60. Gěnglěi Lìquán Tiandi 61. Guǐchǔ Shǐlè Tiandi 62. Língfù Hǎilún Tiandi 63. Shǎngjí Xiāotán Tiandi 64. Bìcháng Dòngyuán Tiandi

The foundation of Buddhism is the four noble truths.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Noble_Truths

Dukkha - "incapable of satisfying,"[web 1] "the unsatisfactory nature and the general insecurity of all conditioned phenomena"; "painful."[3][5] Dukkha is most commonly translated as "suffering". According to Khantipalo, this is an incorrect translation, since it refers to the ultimately unsatisfactory nature of temporary states and things, including pleasant but temporary experiences.[39] According to Emmanuel, Dukkha is the opposite of sukha, "pleasure," and it is better translated as "pain.”

Suffering is related to the idealist. The idealist is sad because he does not want to belong and he wants to find his self.

Nirodha - cessation; release; to confine;[40] "prevention, suppression, enclosing, restraint”

The third noble truth is that there is a cessation to suffering. The third square is related to action. The third truth says that you can do something to end suffering.”Enclosing” is related to the third square. Enclosing connotes making solid

Samudaya - "origin", "source", "arising", "coming to existence";[web 8] "aggregate of the constituent elements or factors of any being or existence", "cluster", "coming together", "combination", "producing cause", "combination", "rising.”

The second noble truth is that suffering comes from desire. “Coming together” is characteristic of the second square. The second square is about community and coming together and aggregating.

The fourth noble Truth is different and transcendent. The fourth noble Truth says that the eightfold path is the end to suffering

Magga - "path.”

The Four Noble Truths

Life is suffering

There is a cessation to suffering

Suffering comes from desire

The end of suffering is the eightfold path

There are four main schools of Tibetan Buddhism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_schools_and_lineages_of_Tibetan_Buddhism

The Four Main Schools of Tibetan Buddhism

Nyingma

Kagyu

Sakya

Gelug- Gelug is different. It is known as a yellow hat sect. The other three are red hat sects

Chapter Christianity

Irenaeus of Lyons said that there had to be four gospels because of the four corners of the Earth. Three of the gospels are synoptic. The fourth gospel is different. The gospel of John is called the maverick gospel. The gospel of Thomas is a gnostic gospel, so it is not like the first four. Again the forth is always different but the fifth is ultra transcendent and not connected to the first four, but in a new quadrant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel

The Four Gospels

Matthew

Luke

Mark

John

The gospel of Asenath had the image of a cross. Scholars think that the gospel was written before the four gospels and that it was written by Jews. The cross is the quadrant

http://www.pseudepigrapha.com/pseudepigrapha/TheStoryOfAsenath.html

19 Again he stretched forth his hand, and with his finger signed the cross thereon, and there where his finger touched came forth blood.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Noth

Martin Noth describes the Pentateuch as the Tetrateuch. He points out that the first four books are very similar, but the book Deuteronomy belongs separate and with Joshua. Rabbis also say that the first four books were written by Moses but Deuteronomy was written by God.

Genesis- The first square is weird. Idealists are weird like genesis is weird. There are four main stories in Genesis and they are legendary and fantastic and strange like the imagination of an idealist.

Leviticus- related to action. It teaches laws and doing.

Exodus- Exodus is about the family of the Israelites

Numbers- Transcendent and different. More philosophical

Deuteronomy the ultra transcendent fifth- Very philosophical. The forth always points to the fifth. Numbers points to deuteronomy, both different and philosophical

Martin Noth “Tetrateuch” as opposed to “Pentateuch”

Genesis

Leviticus

Exodus

Numbers

http://slideplayer.com/slide/7569669/

http://www.noahs-ark.tv/chinese/bible-evidences-chinese-language-characters-words-name-of-god-YHWH-el-shaddai-genesis.htm

I watched lectures by Chinese ministers who saw the cross in the Chinese symbol of God as the cross of Christ.

Jesus calls himself the Aleph and the Tav. The Tav is the cross. The aleph in modern hebrew is written as a swastika. The gematria of the components of the aleph is 26. 26 is the gematria of the tetragrammaton.

Minsisters have studied the hebrew alphabet and see codes in the letters. For instance, they see YHW and H as signifying, “behold the nails, behold the hands” alluding to the cross, and also Elahi, my God, as referring to Jesus on the cross, and many other words. The cross is the quadrant

http://theshroudofturin.blogspot.com/2012/09/tetradiplon-and-shroud-of-turin.html

The shroud of Turin is said to be tetradiplon. It is doubled four times. It is four doubled

There are four sections of the New Testament. New Testament scholars see the fourth, Revelations, as different and not belonging. Revelations is very cryptic and philosophical

http://truthfortheworld.org/bcc/courses/bcc_bbs_l4.html

The Four Sections of the New Testament

Gospels

Epistles

Acts

Revelations

In Daniel, Daniel describes four beasts. The four beasts are connected to four kingdoms. The four beasts are also linked to a dream of Nebuchadnezzar. In the dream there are four components fo the statue

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_kingdoms_of_Daniel

The statue of Nebuchadnezzar’s dream

Head of gold- Gold- The first square is always good like gold

Belly and thighs of bronze- Bronze is hard. Bronze is the most physical. The third square is always the most physical

Chest and arms of silver

Legs of iron with feet of mingled iron and clay

The Statue of Nebuchadnezzar’s Dream

Head of gold

Belly and thighs of bronze

Chest and arms of silver

Legs of iron and feet mingled with iron and clay

In the book of revelations, the beast is described as the forth beast in Daniel’s scheme. The beast is an amalgamation of the previous three

The four beasts linked to the four kingdoms

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_kingdoms_of_Daniel

The Four Beasts and the Four Kingdoms

A beast like a lion with eagle’s wings

Babylonian Empire

A beast like a leopard with four wings and four heads

A beast like a bear, raised up on one side, with three ribs between its teeth

Medo Persian Empire

A fourth beast, with large iron teeth and ten horns. The fourth kingdom is described as different from all of the others

The four emblems of the red cross and crescent movement. The fourth is different

Red cross

Red crystal

Red crescent

Red lion and sun

Aristotle proposed four categorical propositions

All S are P. (A form)

Universal affirmative

Some S are P. (I form)

Particular affirmative

No S are P. (E form)

Universal negative

Some S are not P. (O form)

Particular negative

http://www.iep.utm.edu/sqr-opp/

Four relationships between the propositios

contradictory

subcontrary

contrary

sublanternation

Christian Science (Weird like idealists. Idealists believe that everything is mental. Christian Scientists think that everything is mind)

J Witness (very conservative like artisans) They believe that everything is physical like artisans.

Seventh Day Adventist (more normal but very behavior oriented like guardians)

Mormon (strange and abstract like rationals- Some believe in infinite Gods. They are more like hindus. Hinduism is the fourth square religion)

Anthony A. Hoekema The Four Major Cults

Christian Science

J Witness

Seventh Day Adventist

Mormon

The four groups in the book of Mormon are

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulek

The Four Tribes in the Book of Mormon

Nephites

Jaredites

Lamanites

Mulekites

The Restoration Church of Jesus Christ believes in a quadriune Godhead

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restoration_Church_of_Jesus_Christ

Quadriune Godhead of the Restoration Church of Jesus Christ

God the Father

Holy Spirit

Jesus Christ

Heavenly Mother

Mormons have a four year cycle. There are four “standard works” in the Mormon religion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunday_School_(LDS_Church)

Year 1 (most recently, 2014): Old Testament (and the Book of Moses and Book of Abraham from the Pearl of Great Price)

Year 3 (most recently, 2016): Book of Mormon

Year 2 (most recently, 2015): New Testament

Year 4 (most recently, 2017): Doctrine and Covenants and church history

The Mormon Four Standard Works Four Year Cycle

Year 1: Old Testament

Year 3: Book of Mormon

Year 2: New Testament

Year 4: Doctrine and Covenants

The documentary hypothesis is the most popular theory used by historians in regards to the Torah. Historians say that there were four sources that wrote the Torah. They are

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Documentary_hypothesis

The Four Sources of the Documentary Hypothesis

Yahwist J

Priestly P

Elohist E

Deuteronomic D

The Priestly source divides history into four epochs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priestly_source

http://barrybandstra.com/tables/pt1/pt1_tb4.htm

The Four Epochs in the Priestly Source

Humanity

Abraham

Noah

Israel

In the Bible the number four is extremely dominant. Other numbers are mentioned, but four is the most prominent.

Ezekiel has an experience of God. Ezekiel sees God’s chariot. God’s chariot is called the Merkabah.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkabah_mysticism

The vehicle has four wheels. It is driven by four creatures. The four creatures each have four faces and four wings. Therefore the vision is a four by four vision. There are 16 faces in all. The vision is the quadrant model. The fourth face is always different. The four faces are

The Four Faces of the Merkabah Chariot

Man

Lion

Eagle

The phrase “for three and even for four” is used eight times in Amos. The phrase represents the three plus one pattern. Amos is a short section of the Bible, and almost all of it uses the three-four phrase.

https://www.gotquestions.org/three-sins-even-for-four.html

3 This is what the Lord says:

“For three sins of Damascus,

even for four, I will not relent.

Because she threshed Gilead

with sledges having iron teeth,

4 I will send fire on the house of Hazael

that will consume the fortresses of Ben-Hadad.

5 I will break down the gate of Damascus;

I will destroy the king who is in[b] the Valley of Aven[c]

and the one who holds the scepter in Beth Eden.

The people of Aram will go into exile to Kir,”

says the Lord.

6 This is what the Lord says:

“For three sins of Gaza,

even for four, I will not relent.

Because she took captive whole communities

and sold them to Edom,

7 I will send fire on the walls of Gaza

that will consume her fortresses.

8 I will destroy the king[d] of Ashdod

and the one who holds the scepter in Ashkelon.

I will turn my hand against Ekron,

till the last of the Philistines are dead,”

says the Sovereign Lord.

9 This is what the Lord says:

“For three sins of Tyre,

even for four, I will not relent.

Because she sold whole communities of captives to Edom,

disregarding a treaty of brotherhood,

10 I will send fire on the walls of Tyre

that will consume her fortresses.”

11 This is what the Lord says:

“For three sins of Edom,

even for four, I will not relent.

Because he pursued his brother with a sword

and slaughtered the women of the land,

because his anger raged continually

and his fury flamed unchecked,

12 I will send fire on Teman

that will consume the fortresses of Bozrah.”

13 This is what the Lord says:

“For three sins of Ammon,

even for four, I will not relent.

Because he ripped open the pregnant women of Gilead

in order to extend his borders,

14 I will set fire to the walls of Rabbah

that will consume her fortresses

amid war cries on the day of battle,

amid violent winds on a stormy day.

15 Her king[e] will go into exile,

he and his officials together,”

says the Lord.

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