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celticwolfie · 2 years ago

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Okay, So I wanna finally post something for the little event/compition that @laurzzz has for their fic, WWITS. I’m tossing my hat into the ring! Pun not intended. Because I don’t want to be too long with the post I have a small summary with more information that will be under a keep reading line. ^^;; She is a character with piebaldism. Her hair and skin is white in certain places and she was raised by her grandparents as long as she could remember. Her family would not tell her what had happened for her parents to not be able to see her. Anyway, as she grew up she started hearing about the expansion west and followed the route to see if she could try to get more money to help out her grandparents. Being a minority in America in the 1800's made it hard for them to get good jobs and they soon started work as a person that broke horses. She soon started to be able to understand the behavioral differences in each horse which made it easier for them to break them. Essentially, she started being better with their balance and started to do trick riding without a saddle.

AAAAA More information is under the keep reading line! I still wanna thank @omenofthevoid and @venomous-qwille For the art that’s there!

I wanna let everyone know that the amazing @omenofthevoid did the art work and that I fully thank @venomous-qwille for commissioning her! BTW I’m sorry the image is a jpeg because my computer is dumb and keeps only saving images as thaaat. ;;

Bakari Williams Stage name: Equineox Appearance; Stands at 5’8” and her hair is black with her eye color being hazel. Her hair and dark skin is covered with white splotches as she has piebaldism. Making her have white strands of hair and white patches of skin. Preshow, she wears jeans, a solid color button up shirt and regular cowboy boots that have been tended to several times. This all allows her to tend to the horses for the show and move them to where they need to go. Showtime attire: Normally a short skirted lime green leotard with multi colored glass beads sewn into the waist and choker. She has a white lace collar that latches in the back. Backstory; Born with an odd pigment mutation, Bakari Williams was seen more of an outsider to most. Knowing more sympathy and kindness from her limited family that had helped raise her in such a small home in the city. She was taught how to fend for herself as she wasn’t afraid to really fight for herself. Though, her violent ends to conflicts were often reprimanded by her grandparents who raised her. Which she cared for deeply as she knew them more than her own parents, whose fates she never knew. All she knows of them is what was told to her from family members. As she grew up, stories of others making it big in the west. She traveled west when they became an adult. Mainly to help with some of her family’s financial struggles. However, being a woman of color and an unheard mutation of the skin, many did not want to give her work. After consistent bothering of one of the locals, she finally found work. It unfortunately was to break horses, the man who had hired her hoped to scare her off with the more wild mustangs on the land. However, that wasn’t what happened. With pure determination and will to prove something of herself, she kept with the work. Being more stubborn than a mule, she had managed to tame every stallion and mare that was given to her. As time went on, she was able to tell the body language of the horses and work on her body strength to keep on the horse, allowing her to break them faster. Eventually, she was able to not only raise money for her family, but pay for a better horse to travel with and practice her skills. Soon, she was able to work on simple tricks at first, but as she practiced more and more, she was able to do more amazing feats of balance and tricks. From balancing on one hand, to jumping from one equine to the next, to a backflip. All while the horse continues to move. Personality: Tends to keep to herself as she's tending to the horses for the show. However, if anyone makes any of her friends or family upset or uncomfortable, she will roll up her sleeves to smack some sense into whoever is causing any issues. That, and she's very stubborn as she is used to trying to bend equines to where she needs to go (Or want to go). So she's headstrong, proud and kind. Her act includes feats of acrobatics while on horseback. Front balancing on posts strapped to the horse back, to backflipping and leaping from one horse to another while in full gallop. I’m not good at full descriptions and talking about the character’s biographies. ^^;;

#WWITS OC-Laurzzz #I TRIED #OMEN #OOOOMEEENNNN #THANK YOU #AND QUILL #DSFSDA #FDSAFDSA #ITS HER #BAKARI #I AM LOVING THIS CHARACTER AND I AAAAA #SORRY #IT TOOK SO LONG #I've been writing hunter au stuff #Now I shall run!#Character info #friend art #A #reblog

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sirtravisjacksonoftexas · 4 years ago

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Was Jesus a Mythical figure based on the Norse God Balder? Um, NO, and here is why.

Balder, aka Baldur, aka Baldr, was the Norse god of light. He was the son of Odin (God of the sky, war, wisdom, poetry and death) and Frigg (goddess of the atmosphere and earth). Balder was a god who was liked by most of his fellow deities. Indeed, he was Odin’s favorite son. He was also a troubled god, having recurring dreams about his own death. Learning of this, his mother Frigg made almost everything within creation swear by oath not to ever hurt her beloved son. This resulted in Balder becoming invulnerable.

Indeed, no matter what the gods threw at him, he would remain unharmed. However, Loki (aka Lopt), the Norse god of fire and evil, learned that the mistletoe was the only part of creation that wasn’t made to take an oath against hurting Balder.

Grabbing some mistletoe and then putting it in the hand of Hodr (aka Hodur, aka Hoder, aka Hod) the blind god of darkness, Loki helped him aim. Hodr threw it, not seeing Balder’s equivalent of kryptonite penetrate his flesh. Balder died, the gods went nuts, and Loki was pleased. The god Hermod went to the realm of the dead (Nifleheim, aka Hel) to ask its ruler, also known as Hel (aka Hela) to let Balder go. She said she would...if everything within creation, including both living creatures and non-living things, cried for him. The gods tried to get everyone and everything in creation to do so, and would have succeeded…if it hadn’t been for the frost giantess Thokk.

Not moved by the pleas to cry for Balder, Thokk said

“Thokk will weep

Dry tears at

Baldr’s funeral pyre.

Alive or dead the old man’s

Son gave me no joy.

Let Hel hold what she has.”

Now that’s just cold, isn’t it (no pun intended)?

It’s even colder when you realize that Thokk was actually Loki in disguise.

This, combined with a later incident when he talked smack about his fellow gods, led the gods to do the following:

1. Capture him

2. Put him in a cave

3. Turn one of his sons into a wolf, who mauled another of Loki’s sons

4. Used the dead son’s entrails to tie Loki up

5. Put a venomous snake over Loki, whose venom now and again dripped on him (his reactions to this was thought to be the cause of earthquakes).

A bit overkill…but Loki got the point.

Hodr himself likewise suffered for Balder’s death, even though he didn’t intend to kill him. After being shot by the god Vali with an arrow, he soon followed his brother Balder into the netherworld.

Balder’s tale seems sad, yet the Vikings believed that after the battle of Ragnarok (their version of the Battle of Armageddon) Balder and Hodr will together leave Nifleheim, joining the gods who survived (Including Vali, Vidar, and Idun). Together, they would rule a new age.

Balder is a pretty interesting figure in Norse mythology. Indeed, even more so when you consider that Jesus Mythicists try to make him out to be yet another candidate for the basis of Jesus Christ. Indeed, they believe that Jesus is a mythical figure based on a variety of pagan gods, including Balder.

Are they right?

Let’s why they are wrong, shall we?

1. Virgin Birth?

No, Balder was conceived in the old-fashioned way.

2. Incarnated as a human?

No.

3. Star proclaimed his birth?

No.

4. Visited by three kings after his birth?

No. Odin was the king of the gods and of course would have visited his son after he was born, but that’s a far cry from the story of the Wise Men (who were actually not called Kings in scripture (Matthew 2:1-12, 16). The idea that they were kings is a later extra-biblical invention). Odin is wise, and he did visit Balder after his birth, but once again, that’s a far cry from the story of the Wise Men in the New Testament. They were human astrologers, not gods.

5. Taught in a temple when he was a boy?

No.

6. Baptized?

No.

7. Tempted by the Devil?

No, he wasn’t tempted by Loki, the Norse equivalent of the Devil.

8. Had disciples?

No.

9. Miracle worker?

All gods were, big deal.

10. Cast out demons?

No.

11. Walked on water?

No.

12. Multiplied bread and fish?

No.

13. A Son of God?

Jesus was not simply a son of a god: he is God the Son, one of three persons within the triune nature of God. Balder, on the other hand, is simply the son of his father Odin.

14. Part of a Trinity?

No, see above.

15. A Beloved son?

Yes, though as we’ve already mentioned, Jesus Is God the Son, while Balder is the favorite son of Odin.

16. Called “King of Kings”?

No.

17. Betrayed?

Loki was one of the gods and did bring about his death, so he did in that sense betray him. He didn’t do so for thirty pieces of silver; he did it because he was jealous of Balder and hated the idea of him becoming invulnerable.

18. Devil plotted his death?

This is one of the few true similarities between Jesus and Balder. As we’ve already seen, Loki, the Norse Devil, did use Hodr to kill Balder with a mistletoe. Likewise, Satan entered Judas Iscariot, seemingly convincing him from within to betray Christ (Luke 22:1-6, 47-53).

Wow, score one for the bad guys, right?

Wrong.

You see, this isn’t the only version of how Balder died. In another, Balder and Hodr are involved in a love triangle with the goddess Nanna. Their feud reaching fever pitch, Hodr takes a magic blade and becomes the Norse equivalent of the Biblical Cain. One might try to make Hodr out to be a Norse equivalent of the Devil (being the god of darkness, the fact that Balder and Hodr are symbolic of good and evil respectively, that he may have been an agent of the goddess Hel (even though Hodr wasn’t evil) but, in this case, the “devil” isn’t plotting his death; he’s killing him! Also, there is another version where Balder dies in a battle.

There is also another reason why this isn’t a win for Jesus Mythicists, but…let’s wait a little while longer to bring it up, shall we?

Keep reading…

19. Devil using another to bring about his death?

As mentioned, Loki guided Hodr to throw the mistletoe at Balder, while Satan entered Judas, enticing him to betray Christ.

However, there is BIG reason why this isn’t a win.

Keep reading…

20. The one who caused his death died shortly after?

True, Hodr died from an arrowshot shortly after Balder died, while Judas hung himself, only for the rope to break and for him to fall, the impact causing so much damage that his intestines spilled (Compare Matthew 27:5 and Acts 1:18). Course, Hodr was killed by Vali, while Judas killed himself.

Course, once again…there is a reason why this isn’t a win…

Keep reading…

21. Called “The Bleeding God”?

Yes, Balder was.

Jesus wasn’t.

22. Crucified?

No, he was killed by a mistletoe.

If you try to say that there is a connection between the two, due to the fact that both deaths are plant based (one a mistletoe, the other a wooden cross), then I hate to break it to you; countless people have been killed by wooden spears and wooden arrows throughout history. Hemp Ropes were made out of plant-based material as well (made out of Hemp, hence the name), and so have some clubs, both of which have killed people.

If you think this is a similarity, then you have problems that I can’t fix.

The Norse did have an old legend where Jesus was crucified on a mistletoe (which BTW he wasn’t; he was crucified on a wooden cross. Mistletoe isn’t a tree). Some may try to make a connection here, but even then; Jesus is the one being crucified, not Balder. There is no text that states that Balder was crucified.

23. Buried in a tomb?

No, his body was placed on a ship, which was later set on fire.

24. Descended into the Underworld?

After he died, Balder did go to Nifleheim, the deepest part of the Viking underworld. Likewise, Jesus descended into Hades or Sheol (Not to be confused with Hell, see Acts 2:22-31). Some try to argue otherwise, but the evidence is quite clear. Course, most people were thought to go to the Underworld when they died, and while Jesus resurrected, Balder, like most who have dead, was still thought to be in the Underworld.

Not much of a comparison.

25. Resurrected?

In one version of the Ragnarok myth, Balder is supposed to leave Nifleheim after that great battle, to reign with other gods. This seems to be a resurrection (though sources state it’s a rebirth). Either way, he wasn’t thought of as having risen from the Netherworld yet; it was to occur at the end of time.

In other words…he hasn’t resurrected (or been reborn)…yet.

Jesus, however, HAS resurrected.

Now, to be fair, a prophecy in Nose myth states that he will resurrect himself like Christ (though some sources indicate that he will be reborn), but the reason why he will be able to do so is because the Goddess Hel, ruler of the Underworld, is destined to die at Ragnarok.

While in her kingdom, Hel’s power is superior to even that of any other god. Indeed, all of the gods would seemingly never dare invade her realm in order to retrieve Balder. However, the Battle of Ragnarok takes place on the Plains of Vigrid, outside of her kingdom, which is why she doesn’t survive.

Thus, once she is gone, Balder is free to return to life.

Thus, a more powerful deity had to be taken out of the picture in order for him to resurrect or be reborn.

Can’t say the same for Jesus.

One thing Jesus Mythicists will try to bring up is the fact that Balder represented summer, which every year “died”, eventually replaced by the darker winter (Sunlight steadily grows dimmer after summer. Hodr was the god of darkness). They may also bring up the fact that Balder was a sun God, noting that the sun set every day, darkness soon ruling the sky (Once again, Hodr was the god of darkness). They will try to say that this is a superb forerunner to the resurrection of Christ.

Folks, this is what we like to call “Lame”.

Indeed, its lame for several reasons.

One, despite some mythology books putting Balder in the “Dying and Rising God” category (and mentioning them as if it as a still valid category), scholars now consider that category flawed. It’s no longer valid. Even when it was, Balder would have been a bad fit, due to the fact that he wasn’t thought to have resurrected yet; that was to be at the end of time (remember, Jesus resurrected about 2000 years ago).

Two, the Hebrews had the concept of physical resurrections (i.e. real resurrections, not metaphorical ones involving sunsets and seasons) in Old Testament times. Consider Daniel 12:1-2, which contains a prophecy about the end times:

“At that time shall arise Michael, the great prince who has charge of your people. And there shall be a time of trouble, such as never has been since there was a nation till that time. But at that time your people shall be delivered, everyone whose name shall be found written in the book. And many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt.” (Emphasis mine).

Indeed, when the Apostle Peter brought up the resurrection of Christ to a Jewish Crowd during the first Pentecost, he didn’t speak of Balder’s (supposedly) older story in relation to it; he did, however, quote Psalm 16:8-11, a messianic prophecy that foretold it (Acts 2:1-32).

Keep in mind: Both Psalms and the Book of Daniel were written centuries before the New Testament was written.

See what happens when you ignore the Jewish context? See what happens when you try to invoke Norse myth instead of the ancient near eastern context of the Bible?

Three, Balder doesn’t resurrect in all versions of the Ragnarok myth. Indeed, in one version, everything is destroyed and there is no new world, let alone gods (both resurrected and survivors of Ragnarok) to reign over it.

Thus, in this version…Balder has no resurrection.

26. Ascension?

He’s supposed to ascend out of the underworld…after Ragnarok. According to the myth, he hasn’t done so yet.

Also, in the version of Ragnarok where there is no new world and Balder never resurrects, he doesn’t ascend from the Underworld either.

27. Fight at a great end times battle?

No, Balder emerges from the underworld after Ragnarok ends.

28. A future return?

Yes, as mentioned, he will return after Ragnarok…in one version of that myth. In another, he never returns.

29. Reign in a future age?

Yes…alongside Hodr, Magni and Modi (Thor’s sons), Vali, Vidar and Idun.

Meanwhile, Jesus himself reigns on earth for a thousand years (Revelation 20:1-4). Though resurrected martyrs reign with Christ, there are no other gods apart from Christ mentioned in that passage.

The Verdict:

Balder scores 11 out of 29. 11 similarities may seem interesting at first, but as we’ve seen, many of these are on shaky ground or meaningless. Indeed, it becomes even more shaky when you realize how old the primary sources on Balder are.

Jesus Mythicists, brace for impact!

You see…though the Norse had writing for centuries (a type of runic alphabet called “Futhark”), they didn’t really have a serious writing aspect to their culture until the arrival of Christianity. Indeed, the Norse usually used Futhark to only write notes. They did write tales of achievements and lines of poetry on rune stones, yet only one is known to have an entire poem. Some rune stones were mere memorials.

However, though some of these earlier runic writings mention mythological characters, the Vikings didn’t put their myths to runes; they recited them orally.

Keep in mind that oral tradition, even in controlled form, tends to develop changes over time (controlled oral tradition changes after a 100 years).

It was only with the coming of Christianity that a more potent written culture came about. Indeed, Christians brought the use of both the Latin alphabet and parchment writing to the Norse. Eventually, Christian Norsemen (including Snorri Sturluson, author of the Prose Edda) wrote their myths down, deriving it from Viking oral tradition.

When did they start doing so?

I’ll give you a hint:

That’s right, the Dark Ages!

Indeed, the oldest reference we have to Balder dates back to the 11th century...AD!

Compare this to the New Testament, which was written in the 1rst century AD.

1000 years apart.

Now, to be fair, some of these surviving Norse mythological writings were probably derived from earlier writings that have long since been lost or destroyed, but not only would these have been written in the Viking era (793-1066 AD (The former still in the Dark Ages), which occurred long after the New testament was written (1rst century AD), and not only were they likewise derived from oral tradition, which changed over considerable time (compare this to the Gospels, which were based on controlled oral tradition that dated only a few decades before. Once again, over 100 years is needed for changes to start occurring in a controlled oral tradition), but they would have likewise also have been written either by Christian converts or Norsemen who lived after their lands had converted to Christianity, considering the fact that the pagan Vikings didn’t write their myths down. Keep in mind, wherever Vikings settled in predominately Christian lands, they soon became Christians afterwards. One example of this is the Viking population which settled Normandy, France in 911 AD. Christianity eventually won the heartland of the Vikings as well, with Denmark alone having a considerable Christian population by the mid 11th century. Large parts of Norway likewise had large Christian populations by this time. Indeed, Christian missionaries first reached Scandinavia back in the early 7th century, before the dawn of the Viking age and still many centuries after the New Testament was written. Plus, there is no evidence that the stories of Balder in particular derive from these earlier hypothetical texts.

Along with this, we need to remember that Christians mixed biblical stories with those of the Norse. Indeed, Biblical characters such as Adam and Eve, Noah and even Yahweh himself appear in the Prologue of the Prose Edda, along with Norse mythological characters like Odin and Thor. Also, Christian missionaries among the Vikings taught them that all of their myths and stories told of things that occurred before the creation story in Genesis one. Thus, Norse Mythology was treated, in a sense, like another testament (a “new” old testament if you will), one that told of things before God said “Let their be light” in Genesis 1:1. Indeed, just as Genesis 1:2 describes the earth as dark, void and covered with water (compare with verse 9), the Vikings believed that after Ragnarok, earth would be blackened by fire and sink under the sea. Also, just as Adam and Eve are created in Genesis, Lif and Lifthrasir survive Ragnarok, repopulating the Earth. Its not a perfect match, but it was enough to work for the Missionaries.

The Vikings likewise borrowed elements from Christianity and put it into their religious beliefs. Indeed, at one time many Danes thought that Jesus was a legit god, as real as their own gods...before the Danes were converted to Christianity. Indeed, Vikings added Jesus into their religion right after learning about him.

Heck, even the great epic Beowulf was a mixture of Christian and Norse pagan beliefs.

So, since these texts were written centuries after the New Testament was written…were based on evolving oral tradition that had been changing for centuries...were written by Christians who were mixing Norse Myth with Biblical stories…and since the Vikings had been acquainted with Christians for centuries…and were mixing Christianity with Norse paganism long before they converted to Christianity...can we really say that Jesus Christ was based on Balder? Can we really say that the Gospel writers got their ideas about Christ from the stories of Balder?

No...and no.

In reality, Balder as a character was influenced by Jesus, not vice versa. Balder wasn’t derived from Jesus, but he acquired some of his characteristics. True, one could invoke coincidence to explain the similarities, but considering the long history between the Norse and European Christians, the Christianization of their myths by Christian Norsemen and the late dark age date of the primary sources about Balder…it seems most likely that Balder was given some aspects of Christ.

Jesus isn’t based on Balder, or any other god for that matter.

Jesus is original, he’s a historical figure, and he’s the way, the truth and the life.

None get to the Father save through him (John 14:6).

Sources:

“The Prose Edda” by Snorri Sturluson (Translated by Jesse Byock), ix-xiv, 1-8, 65-78

“The Poetic Edda” Translated by Lee M. Hollander (Second edition, Revised), ix-x, 1-2, 7, 12, 56, 117-19, 137

“Myths of the Norsemen: From the Eddas and Sagas” by H. A. Guerber, 12, 203-29, 329-341 (see also 103, compare with 338)

“Favorite Norse Myths” Retold by Mary Pope Osbourne (Illustrated by Troy Howell), page 5

https://www.google.com/books/edition/Favorite_Norse_Myths/8ia337txkBAC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Balder%2Bodin%2Bfavorite%2Bson&pg=PA5&printsec=frontcover

“Norse Mythology A to Z (Revised Edition)” by Kathleen N. Daly (Revised by Marian Rengel), 67

https://www.google.com/books/edition/Tiivistelma/PPtVrtF2RX4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Loki+god+of+evil&pg=PT105&printsec=frontcover

http://www.tektonics.org/copycat/baldfry.php

“The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Mythology” by Arthur Cotterell and Rachel Storm, 184-85, 200-01, 208-09, 216-17, 220, 246-47

“The Other Side of History: Daily Life in the Ancient World” Documentary series by Professor Robert Garland, episode 38 (”Being a Viking Raider).

“The Other Side of History: Daily Life in the Ancient World: Course Guidebook” by Professor Robert Garland, 257, 261-62

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vCp-ayAp7fE&t=639s

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Balder-Norse-mythology

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Niflheim

“Giants” by David Larkin (Illustrated by Julek Heller, Carolyn Scrace, and Juan Wijngaard, 36

“Encyclopedia of Gods: Over 2,500 Deities of the World” by Michael Jordan, 39, 106

http://www.tektonics.org/copycat/baldfry.php

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8IiDVbG_KyQ&feature=emb_title

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0-EgjUhRqA

https://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/poe/poe03.htm

http://www.voluspa.org/voluspa61-66.htm

https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Balder

https://www.ancient.eu/article/1305/nine-realms-of-norse-cosmology/

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hel-Norse-deity

“Norse Mythology A to Z” By Kathleen N. Daly and Marian Rengel, 64

https://books.google.com/books?id=BYCeXcTjB1MC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA64&dq=niflheim%2Bunderworld&hl=en&source=newbks_fb#v=onepage&q=niflheim%2Bunderworld&f=false

https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Encyclopedia_of_Hell/N1EnBgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=niflheim%2Bunderworld&pg=PT346&printsec=frontcover

“Archeological Study Bible” (NIV), 791, 946, 1382, 1385

“The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament” by John H. Walton, Victor H. Matthews and Mark W. Chavalas, 603

“Zondervan Pictorial Bible Dictionary” by Merrill C. Tenney (General Editor), 328, 784

https://www.loc.gov/everyday-mysteries/meteorology-climatology/item/why-is-it-hot-in-summer-and-cold-in-winter/

https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/home/feature_autumn.html

https://www.google.com/books/edition/Teutonic_Mythology_The_Gods_and_Goddesse/lqnoDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Balder+sun+god&pg=PT311&printsec=frontcover

https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dying-and-rising-gods

https://norse-mythology.org/tales/ragnarok/

“The Portable Seminary” by David Horton (General Editor), 93-95, 120, 124-146, 281

“Systematic Theology Volume Two: God, Creation” By Dr. Norman Geisler,597-99

“Clash of the Gods” Documentary Series, “Thor” episode.

“Textbook Of Forensic Medicine And Toxicology: Principles And Practice” By Vij, 161

https://www.google.com/books/edition/Textbook_Of_Forensic_Medicine_And_Toxico/Vp8FAsnfGF4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=manila+hemp+rope+hanging&pg=PA161&printsec=frontcover

“Organ Transplants from Executed Prisoners: An Argument for Death Sentence Organ Removal Statutes, Revised Edition” By Louis J. Palmer, Jr, 123

https://www.google.com/books/edition/Organ_Transplants_from_Executed_Prisoner/Oq9iAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Manila+Hemp+rope+hangings&pg=PA123&printsec=frontcover

https://www.livescience.com/24552-what-is-hemp.html

https://norse-mythology.org/the-vikings-conversion-to-christianity/

http://www.hurstwic.org/history/articles/literature/text/literature.htm

https://scandinaviafacts.com/did-the-vikings-have-a-written-language/

https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Global_West_Connections_Identities/vA9EDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Vikings%2Bblended%2BChristianity%2Bpaganism&pg=PA255&printsec=frontcover

https://www.google.com/books/edition/Viking_Invaders_and_Settlers/ItWZ9KV38mwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Vikings%2Bwrote%2Blittle&pg=PA30&printsec=frontcover

https://norse-mythology.org/tales/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/vikings/religion_01.shtml

https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/vikings-history

https://ir.library.louisville.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1809&context=etd#:~:text=The%20conversion%20of%20Scandinavia%2C%20Iceland%2C%20and%20Finland%20started%20with%20the,Europeans%20before%20Christianity%20was%20adopted.

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