#Yu Gwan-soon

[chloehasacat]

Fortitude, Memory, Connection

"The cardinal virtue of Fortitude represented by a seated woman, her right hand on a column (possibly a modern impression)" ca. 1480–1520

The cardinal virtue of fortitude is often depicted as a woman carrying in her arms a large column, from this imagery we can interpret the meaning of the virtue to be akin to something like "strength", or perhaps "perseverance". Indeed, with the latin root fortis meaning "strong", the woman carrying the column is demonstrating her physical strength. As a virtue however, fortitude requires another sort of inner strength, a solidity of will, or resilience in the face of challenge. Fortitude is not only a virtue in the sense that it allows us to be steadfast in cultivating our sense of morality, but in the vaster sense that it is a skill to be used in many instances which require it. Cultivating this virtue can be done simple with self practice, perhaps by setting personal goals like reading a book for a certain amount of time without getting distracted. This virtue could be demonstrated and practiced by standing up for oneself in our relationships, holding steadfastly to a belief, or even pushing for a bit more distance during a run when it feels like you want to give up.

The cultivation of a virtue like this is not only done by oneself, as with any virtue we need exemplars and role models on which to base our understanding of the virtues and our goals. When considering people that have the trait of fortitude, my mind first goes to suffragist Alice Paul. Among her accomplishments as a leader of the women's suffrage movement in the United States, she had endured great hardships to ensure that she remained strict in her conviction. She (along with other suffragist women) was sentenced to seven months in prison for "obstructing traffic" during a picketing protest. While she was in prison, she organized a hunger strike in which she was force fed through her nose after refusing to eat. I cannot imagine the intense strength of will which would be required to endure... A moral exemplar in more ways than one, Alice Paul embodies the virtue of fortitude for her strength of mind and solidity of her beliefs. Below is a photo of Alice Paul, as well as a link to a trailer for the movie "Iron Jawed Angels" which tells parts of Alice Paul's and the Suffragists' story.

Alice Paul raises glass in front of the ratification banner, August 26, 1920. National Women's Party Collection.

~~~

There is something to be said about the moral energy surrounding the virtue of fortitude, is is an idea which we can cultivate within ourselves by taking note of the ways in which virtuous people (like Alice Paul) have demonstrated it. We know that fortitude is not a virtue only expressed in dire situations (though it can be), it can be practiced and cultivated within our daily routines and interactions with others. And while fortitude can serve a larger purpose as a great, heroic example of strength, it also serves as a way to enrich our lives personally by serving a human "need". So what is this "need" that fortitude fills? I believe that it can differ between people based on the ways in which it is cultivated and utilized. The cultivation of fortitude can fulfill the need to belong and have meaning; as we fortify our beliefs and character, we become more sure of ourselves and our place in the world. Cultivating fortitude can promote the feeling of accomplishment in instances of it's utilization, in those moments where we did succeed in reading for an hour straight without checking our phone, or where we navigated a negative experience calmly and with resilience. We see the personification of fortitude with her heavy stone column, we see that she is enduring, and that brings about inspiration that we too can persevere under the weight of our own hardships.

To find examples of fortitude in history, one must look to those figures that believed steadfastly in a cause, a movement, a message. This may seem a loose guideline for a search, but those that create change are often people that had to show great fortitude whilst working towards it. In seeing "Fortitude" on the list of virtues on the Forward into Memory website, my first thought was of a woman named Yu Gwan-soon (유관순). She was a student at Ehwa Women's University who participated in protests for Korean independence in 1919. Yu Gwan-soon was jailed at the age of 17 for her role in the protests where she was subsequently tortured and killed. While in prison, she advocated for her own release, and the release of the other prisoners, and even organized a protest within the prison. A profound example of one exemplifying the virtue of fortitude, while in prison she writes "...this physical pain does not compare to the pain of losing my nation". I first learned about Yu Gwan-soon this year during my visit to the Seodaemun Prison Museum in Seoul, South Korea where I was able to stand in the cell in which she was imprisoned, and learn of her story. Here is a link to an article about Yu Gwan-soon and her life). The photos below are photos that I took from the outside of her cell, and of a piece of art in the museum memorializing her.

Continuing on my "entrance of the forest" of persons of fortitudinous virtue, I clicked on the page of a woman named Kim Nansa (김란사). She was a Korean woman who desired enlightenment and knowledge, she applied to Ehwa University, and was denied as married women were not allowed to enroll. Upon this denial, she showed great fortitude in pursuing enlightenment, she is quoted as replying to the school's rejection with the words: “My life is pitch-black like in the middle of the night. Would you give me a chance to find light?”, a compelling statement that moved the school to accept her as a student. After further reading and watching a speech by Professor Hope May (which can be found here) I discovered that Kim Nansa was the professor and mentor of Yu Gwan-soon, as well as the leader of a student club discussing national liberation. Perhaps this is not a solid set of directions that will lead one to the entrance of the forest, but rather an example that these connections, the red thread of memory, between virtuous people and events can be found in many places along the way.

[fjjjjiejt]

영화 쌍화점 다시 보기 : 하이라이트 : 720P

영화 쌍화점 다시 보기 : 하이라이트 : 720P <<

혼돈의 고려 말, 원이 후사 문제를 빌미로 고려에 압박을 가하고, 정체불명의 괴한들이 왕의 목숨을 위협한다. 왕을 지키기 위해 혼신을 다하는 호위무사 홍림은 왕의 명령으로 고려의 미래를 위해 왕후와의 대리 합궁을 하게 된다. 2008

영화 쌍화점 다시 보기 : 하이라이트 : 720P

영화 쌍화점 다시 보기 : 하이라이트 : 720P

영화 쌍화점 다시 보기 : 하이라이트 : 720P

영화 쌍화점 다시 보기 : 하이라이트 : 720P

영화 쌍화점 다시 보기 : 하이라이트 : 720P

In the Romance of Heroes, an additional scenario for the Romance of the Three Kingdoms 11 console version, he appears as a monarch in the North Sea instead of Gong Yong. His subordinates are Cho Chang, Jo Ung, Gyeon Hee, Yang Su, Jeon Ye, Jeong Eui, and Jin Rim, and among them, 5 of them, excluding Cho Chang and Jeon Ye, do not exceed 10 in strength, and boast of formidable combat power. Let's appoint Wang-gi (Changjang) and Kwan-gwan as soon as possible. The location is not bad, but the difficulty is quite high with Xiahoudon in the neighboring city of Fuyang and Zhuge Liang in Xabi. The key is to confuse the enemy with Wangi's Spiral Point, Jochang's sprint, and Gyeonhee's strategy. Or, one way is to quickly destroy the eutectic of the plains and move.

His abilities in Romance of the Three Kingdoms 12 are Leadership 33/Army 22/Intelligence 81/Political 70, and his Leadership is higher than in Romance of the Three Kingdoms 11. But the force does not change. Of course, the hated military commanders are Cao Bi, and the friendly military commanders are Wang Chan, Jo Ye, Empress Munso, and Jo Chang. In the illustration, there is a scene where he composes a poem, and he is writing on paper while holding a brush. Although his tactics are low, his combat ability is the highest among archers at 1 cost in the battle game, with 33, so he is the most used along with Gyeon and Yu Seon.

In Romance of the Three Kingdoms 13, the ability is the same as in the previous work, but in fact, it came out with Culture 9, which is the number 1 overall. It seems that his father and eldest brother also referred to the fact that the three were called Samjo, considering that their literature skills were at the highest level, and Eonbyeon 8 continued to send letters to explain why he had to be hired.[5] Other than that, there are Commerce 2 and Negotiation 6, so you can roll them usefully in domestic affairs. His central character is an expeditionary throne, and his specialty is culture. The tactics are useless, but since there is no reason to go to the battlefield anyway, the tactics are useless. Bring a book called The Theory of Change, which increases intelligence by 2 and speech by 1. In the hypothetical scenario 'Hwayongdo's Incident', where the power-up kit is added, Jojo's father died in Hwayongdo and the faction of Jojo, divided over the issue of successor, was divided into Jobi, Jochang, and Josik, and other warlords came up against him, so he is one of the monarchs. . However, Shik Shik himself is not a combat agent, and the position setting in this scenario is strange, so even though he is a monarch, there are restrictions on the number of troops organized and the position setting of his subordinate generals. In addition, his older brothers, as well as Liu Bei and Sun Quan, have their eyes on it, so it is quite tough. The only hope is that since Jo Shik's prestige was an ideal one from the beginning, he could use tactics to evacuate the enemy on the battlefield. But strangely, in the main story, it was heard as a bookkeeper's voice, but it was changed to a polite voice in PK.

His stats in Romance of the Three Kingdoms 14 are Leadership 20, Military 22, Intellect 81, Politics 70, Charm 80, and Leadership has decreased by 13 compared to the previous game. Personality is Award, Fame, Culture, Juran, Attention is Paedo, Policy is Taehak Lv 4, Jinhyeong is Hakik, Tusuk, Warfare is Encouragement, Rubber, Friendship is Gyeonssi, Wangchan, Choye, Chochang, Jo Pyo, Jinlim, Han Dansoon, The hateful armed is the older brother Jobi.

In the hero rampage added in PK, he appears as the lord of the North Sea, and his subordinates include Gong Yong, Sun Woon, Yang Su, Woo Geum, Justice, Cho Chang, Jo Pyo, Jin Lim, Mr. Choi, Mr. Choi, Yeom, Podo, Po Shin, Po Hun, and Han Dan Sun. There are a total of four armaments: Gwan-gwan, Sun-gwan, Wang-su, and Ho-jil.

[feuqueerfire]

DNA Says Love You Live Blogging

Bro I didn't even love KinnPorsche, so why am I like still not watching anything new and have just been refreshing the AO3 VegasPete tag for the past 4 days since the show ended? They've fully been taking up so much of my mind lol

I gotta just... start a new show to move on, so here goes. I haven't heard much about this show at all but I know it explores some gender stuff? Hope I like it!

Episode 1 (July 13)

lol? I actually have no idea what this show is about, I guess starting with some ghost cam stuff?

Are the pink-haired guy and the TA a side couple?

Episode 2 (July 13/14)

um it's like 1:30 am and I'm at the part where they get to the grandma's house and uhhhh maybe I'll finish this tomorrow. It's probably not actual horror but I don't wanna deal with it rn

Amber's face is nice to look at and I'm glad they don't blur his acne scars because I'm really into them (is that weird to say?)

Is this show actually supernatural or are they just stories? Curious

Episode 3 (July 15)

I'm still way too into VegasPete and reading every fic about them on AO3 to truly move on to a different show, so it's taking me forever to watch this lol

Aw, the 3 friends bickering as children

lol Li (pink-haired, excitable, hyper) and Gwan (TA, calming, exasperated) are cute. Both tease each other cutely

oh yeah lol I forgot there was gonna be a romantic arc between Amber and our main character (Le Chien) until Amber's long staring and photographing lol

lol "If Rong was a woman, her weight should be lighter and the rope shouldn't break" lol x2

lmfao Li orchestrating a ~moment~ between Amber and Le Chien

Episode 4 (July 15)

Not Li imaging watching the clip of when he put Le Chien and Amber in romantic moment last episode and now imagining them in other various romantic scenarios

aklsdfj bruh, Li fr posted a romantic video of Le Chien and Amber to the channel

Aw, seems like the girl (Hsieh Yu He) is feeling like she's being replaced? or kinda pushed out? or just not as close? to the group and especially Le Chien spends more time with Amber

Every single ~moment~ between Li Chien and Amber is really played to death with the slow-mo, 4 different angles, the music lol

Amber reminds Le Chien of his old friend who is also Amber as a youngin lol

I'm still not fully sure where this story is going and there's no romantic chemistry yet, just shots and moments that make it seem like there's ~something there~ and also I'm watching it at 1.4-1.7x speed. Makes it sound like I really hate the show but I actually just think it's kinda boring lol but this episode I started becoming a little more interested than before because oooh interpersonal relationships

We'll see how the rest of the show goes, I really hope I start liking it more

Episode 5 (July 15)

Yay family and friends dinner with Li Chien, his mom, Amber, Yu He and Teng. I like how everyone is so friendly and casual with his mom (Ms Pu)

Li Chien putting food in Amber's plate heh the ultimate sign it's a BL

Interesting reaction to it though because in all Thai BLs the parents are like oh? eyes emoji but here's the mom's like "lmfao chill and let Amber breathe don't bombard him with all the food." Although she did tease like "oh seems like Amber's the only one with the bowl while we others aren't here" and Le Chien says "you guys are all my family go get it yourself while he's a guest."

cute, I think the dinner is cute because I think good friends and family interactions are always cute and endearing and enjoyable

Aw they don't even know they're thinking of memories with Wen Wen while their old friend is right beside them. It would be interesting to get more of Amber's POV and what he's thinking but I guess they didn't wanna give away Wen Wen = Amber so soon

rip Yu-He's face everytime Li Chien gives special attention to Amber at dinner or at the cafe. Is it jealous romantically or platonically?

Le Chien and Amber making food together in suchhhh a coupley way lol. Even Le Chien's mom see and agrees

T.T Amber literally crying into his orange pie. I'm assuming he's overwhelmed by the orange pie memories that we saw in episode 3/4 start of the episode flashback

Damn, I knew Li and Gwan were not doing well in their relationship since Gwan has been so flighty and seems dishonest with Li but I didn't realize Amber would come into the mix

I'm still watching at 1.5x+ speed but I'm more interested now because of all the interpersonal relationships and brewing conflicts lol

Episode 6 (July 16)

rip Li and Gwan breaking up after 4 years. I don't get why Gwan doesn't freaking explain or say anything though like he's keeping secrets about going abroad to study + meeting up with Amber

Okay previously I was like I don't feel any romantic chemistry between Amber and Le Chien because the only moments are like when they force it down our throat with the slow mo and bg music but seeing them cooking together is nice and cute. Food as love language strikes again fr

lol Amber holding onto Le Chien tightly during the motorcycle ride

Aw montage of Gwan thinking of himself and Li's cute memories in their apartment

Episode 7 (July 16)

They're showing us the start of Li and Gwan but I'm kinda back to not caring

lol Le Chien and Amber just... standing and witnessing Li and Gwan's conversation

dang very quick decision to be willing to go abroad with Gwan

Le Chien's mom is asking about whether he likes a girl and mentioned his future wife hoho I hope she ends up being a nice and accepting mom since they get along so well

I'm bored again lol At least the episodes are ~25 mins, so I can hopefully finish it in the next day or two

Episode 8 (July 16)

The gang all hanging out together once again

Le Chien white knighting for Amber by drinking for him and Yu He watching like :( Also I liked Le Chien's hand on Amber's shoulders in this scene

lol this show really does have every BL/romance trope in existence, including Le Chien taking a drunk Amber home and falling asleep beside him on the bed

We couldn't see Amber's chest in the shirtless bathroom scene but Amber probably doesn't have top surgery right? From what I've read, it didn't seem to say anything about that. I wishhhhhh

lmfao "No matter where she is, if I meet Wen Wen, I can recognize her right away" and Amber's face like -_- lol

rip Amber walking around all sad/teary but also going around taking photos

Episode 9 (July 17)

It's almost 2am but here's my last piece of entertainment before going to bed. I think we find out about Wen Wen = Amber here

The transphobia Amber faced >:(( (I don't think Amber identifies as trans, people said he's probably intersex and doesn't identify as trans, but this is still transphobia regardless?)

Aw, Amber and Yu He :')

I wonder how long till Le Chien finds out. Also, I just remembered there's a car crash in the horizon lol

Oh so the scene of Amber seeing Le Chien and Yu He in the park is real? but before he introduced himself in that cafe I'm guessing? Parallels with their childhood pic rip

Episode 10 (July 17)

Why don't they translate what's written in the crane origami? Yu He's confession to Le Chien?

Aw Yu He T.T I agree with Teng ge, we're no saints so her reaction is understandable and the fact that she thinks so much about them means she still cares a lot about them

Oof Yu He told Le Chien that Amber is Wen Wen. I kinda don't like that? I wish she'd at least given Amber a heads up

Woah intense confrontation type scene between Amber and Le Chien. Yelling "I'm Zhuang Xi-Wen, I'm a boy. I'm not the Wen Wen you knew!" while grabbing Le Chien by the collar is really impactful

I wish I knew what pronouns they're using in Mandarin because the subs use she/her whenever Wen Wen's name comes up and it's like hmm, especially when they're referring to current Amber as Wen Wen and using she ?

Episode 11 (July 18)

I love the sibling banter between Yu He and her brother, + the fact that she's getting over Le Chien

I really thought the circle around to see younger version of themselves would've happened a lot sooner

Aw that hug

Amber said not to call him Wen Wen

Amber cries so often rip like I get it but it's fr a lot

lmfao this silly car crash

Silly Le Chien unable to realize his feelings

Nice for Le Chien and audience both to know that Le Chien likes Amber for Amber and not because he's Wen Wen

I like it when there's an actual reason the children are afraid to come out to their parents, like right now Le Chien saying his mom always looked forward to him getting married and having kids or like in Life: Love On The Line where Akira's mother always told him to be "normal"

Anyway, I know the mother reacts well so it's all fine

One more episode left

Episode 12 (July 18)

Once again, the child apologizing to the parent for being queer and then being reassured by the parent that it's all fine is truly my kryptonite

I do wish the acting was better though lol KinnPorsche had stellar acting and now I have to get used to the level of acting in most BLs

Aw, cute ending

I don't know how they could've made the show less boring (cut out most of the first half maybe?) but it really was so boring. I was wondering if I did it a disservice by speeding it up when watching but some episodes were just too boring to be watched at 1x speed. The first 3 episodes were related to the ghost/legend hunting stuff and then it hardly took up any time in the next 9 episodes. Also, the side couple stuff with Li and Gwan felt unnecessary, they could've just been cute and fun throughout the show instead of having the storyline in Ep 5-7.

However, I still enjoyed all the friendships and familial relationships! I am truly a lover of such relationships and they showed complex friendships and wholesome families. Also, interesting gender stuff even though they didn't explain anything much.

Rating: 5.5/10

[991018991018]

Indomitable Korean people statue in Gyeole's house of The Independence Hall Of Korea

Photo reference: https://www.nahonza.com/113

-Starting point

When I was 9 years old, I lived nearby The Independence Hall Of Korea which commemorative commemorating Korea's independence from Japan. There was a well-maintained park there, so I used to go biking and inline skating once or twice a week. Inside the building, there were objects and writings showing how Korea was able to become independent from Japan. As a young child, I did not understand it.

photo reference:

https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.naver?isHttpsRedirect=true&blogId=mopaspr&logNo=221616318897

The scene where he was dying was so shocking to me. It was terrifying to be able to be so cruel to people, so I must have covered my eyes. I couldn't believe that something unimaginable in today's ordinary life had happened on this land I was treading on. The Japanese colonial period refers to the 35-year period (1910-1945) when Korea was colonized by Japanese imperialism. In order to completely colonize Korea, Japan tried to erase its ethnicity by destroying its language and culture. In his example, he had to change his surname to a Japanese surname. They committed slaughter, violence, rape, and looting of Koreans (the Holocaust) for no reason, and the independence activists caught during the independence movement were imprisoned and tortured at an unbearable intensity as a human being. Unless they abandon their country, torture continues until death. became These tortures, such as pouring hot water over the nose and hanging upside down or rolling over them, driving bamboo nails between the nails and toenails on a very cold day, tying them to a faucet and pouring cold water over them to make ice pillars, do not yield to death. There are independence activists who risked their lives to fight without bending their patriotism for the country.

3. 1 Movement

photo and video reference: https://news.kbs.co.kr/news/view.do?ncd=3437795

The March 1st Movement was an anti-Japanese independence movement in which the entire nation revolted against Japanese colonial rule on March 1, 1919. Starting with the reading of the Declaration of Independence at Tapgol Park in Jongno, Seoul on March 1, it spread from cities to rural areas, and from Korea to overseas, a historic moment that revealed the strong will of our people to the world for independence. In particular, the March 1st Movement was the largest national movement that took place during the Japanese colonial period and the first large-scale independence movement that took place in the colonies of the victorious countries after World War I.

[Naver Knowledge Encyclopedia] March 1st Movement (Presentation Dictionary, pmg Knowledge Engine Research Center)

Number of participants and damage situation for 3.1 Movement

These statistics are based on the report of the Yeongjeongdo (聯通制) organized and operated in Korea, so they are only the damage situation at the time of the independence movement.

Photo reference: https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=794929&cid=46623&categoryId=46623

These statistics are just the damage situation at the time of the independence movement. Even after the independence movement ended, the Japanese military and police were frantic to find the instigator and killed and set fire, so it is estimated that the number of victims would have been much higher. And a significant number of the seriously injured died, and there were also many people who were killed or executed, so the number of deaths will be much higher than this.

[Naver Encyclopedia of Knowledge] March 1st Movement [Three-One Movement] (Encyclopedia of Korean National Culture, Central Research Institute of Korean Studies)

This document is a record of the sentence of martyr Yu Gwan-soon, who was caught while leading the national independence movement by handing out Taegeukgi(Korean flag) to the crowd at the Byeongcheon (Aunae) market during the March 1st Movement.

[Source] Yu Gwan-sun (柳寬順) Martyr's Confinement Record | Author Independence Hall of Korea

Yu Gwan-soon is martyr who led the 3.1 national independence movement at the Aunae Market. She prepared the demonstration by making the Taegeukgi which is the national flag of Korea herself, and walked dozens of miles from village to village to spread the news of the national independence movement. Then, martyr Yu Gwan-soon, who was caught by the Japanese police, was imprisoned in Seodaemun Prison, and while in prison, she continued the movement for national independence and died in prison on September 28, 1920.

For their sacrifice, I feel and express my gratitude that I can learn and live my culture in my own language. Korea could exist today because of the independence activists and martyrs who gave their lives for the country without losing their will and courage despite the harsh torture and difficult conditions. Living with gratitude and not forgetting this fact is the least we should do.

[jojal-jojalkorean]

8.15 광복절 Korean Independence Day

Hello! This is Admin Hyun.

August 15th is Korea’s Liberation day / Independence day. It’s a meaningful day for us.

Before I tell you about Korea's Independence Day, let me introduce a story of how Japan ruled Korea.

In the beginning, Japan deprived of Korea's diplomatic rights by forcing the Japan-Korea Treaty of 1905(을사늑약- Eul Sa Neuk Yak). Although it was in a form of a diplomatic agreement, it was invalid because King Gojong (고종) did not authorize it's approval.

Then, Japan dismissed the Korean army (군대해산) with the Korea-Japan New Convention(한일신협약), also called the Treaty of Jeongmi-Seven(정미 7조약), took away our judicial power(사법권) with the Giyugakseo(a note concluded in 1909 with Japanese imperialism to depute the judicial power and the rights of the prison affairs to Japan) and shortly after, Korea's police enforcement power(경찰권). In the end, Japan removed Korea's sovereignty (국권) by annexing (강제합병) Korea and thereafter 35 years of suffering under colonization of Japan began. During the Japanese occupation(일제강점기), countless Korean civilians from young girls to old men were forced into hard labor(강제노동), biological experiments(생체실험) and even as "comfort women"(위안부) to serve at Japanese military camps. 

However, Korean independence activists (독립운동가) such as Kim Gu(김구), An Jung-Geun(안중근) and Yu Gwan-Soon(유관순) made extraordinary achievements including armed resistance against Japan, establishing a provisional government in Shanghai, China, education of Korean people and industrial development to build national strength. During their independence movements, many activists were caught, tortured at facilities such as Seodaemoon Hyungmuso(서대문 형무소) and some even lost their lives. 

After taking economic and human resources from many colonized countries in Asia, Japan was able to build aircraft carriers and launch an attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor in 1941(World War II). However, In 1945, Japan became the only nation in history to become a target of nuclear bombs and surrendered to the US. Subsequently, Korea and all other colonized countries in Asia were liberated. 

Tram decorated with flowers and Taegeukgi(Korean National Flag) celebrating independence.(Source: Chosun Ilbo)

Celebrating people(Source: National Institute of Korea History)

Here is last year’s post for Independence day by Admin Sun! Also, it’s the one year anniversary for our blog as last year’s 광복절 post was one of our very first ones :) Thank you for all the amazing support and encouragement!

Written by Admin Hyun

Edited by Admin Sun

[thong-in-the-twist]

Chapter: March 1st

//Gong Yoo (Kim Shin) x you

Summary: To atone for his sins he is forced to wander the Earth searching for her before it’s too late.

Prologue: Silla Goryeo Joseon Tamna March 1st Gwangju  Epilogue

I had to change the usual layout a little because I couldn’t bear really focusing on her life. It’s based on Korean Joanna D’Arc, Yu Gwan-sun.

Her deaths started to haunt him. Every time he dared to close his eyes, she was right there, behind his eyelids, slashing her own throat, hanging from the tree, dying under his fingers, dying in her bed.

She was dying, she was only ever dying.

He went back to the mainland, scared of the sea. He was an immortal, he wouldn’t die at the sea – but her spirit seemed to haunt him all the way back, as the storm raged. He kept apologizing, unmoving at the side of the boat, even when sailors screamed to him about the dangers of the storm. He couldn’t die, even if he tried, so he faced the waves and wind and rain, seeing her rightful ire in nature.

It was the only thing he could do until he’d find her again.

*

Once again the world started to change around him. He feared those changes, history taught him enough to know that change is never good, change never brings blessings. He didn’t trust the change, even though his eyes were telling him that he should.

Foreigners didn’t come. They couldn’t. But their ways, their beliefs seeped through nooks, coming from China, coming from Japan. The hermit kingdom was being flooded with ideas that were as foreign as the nobility of the country feared.

The notion that people are equal in front of the divine being – that God doesn’t differentiate between man and woman? That wasn’t an idea Joseon dynasty could stand behind.

Even if that was the idea that Kim Shin supported with his whole heart. After four centuries the domain of man was being threatened, for the first time in four centuries, it seemed like Kim Shin’s sins were finally finding a way to be atoned for.

The names for the ideas were foreign. Kim Shin had never heard of Jesus Christ and he’s never heard of his sacrifice for people – but the God in those stories? Kim Shin knew the God. God was the one responsible for his voyage through time. God was the one who put him in the misery of searching for her through space and time.

It didn’t matter, whether it was called God or Divine. It was still a dick.

Soon enough all of those Christians were being persecuted. If Kim Shin knew one thing – it was the knowledge that persecuting an idea made it spread like a wildfire.

Christianity did not prevail – but the ideas it brought? They certainly did.

Christianity itself stood against Confucian’s ideals. That’s why Kim Shin was not surprised, when he saw her, lead through the city with a hundred others Christians. He was not surprised when he heard her praying – it wasn’t his name that she was calling, she called for God and his son, but he heard her clearly. She wasn’t wishing to be spared. She wasn’t cursing on her persecutors. She didn’t even ask for her death to be quick. She thanked God for being with her and leading her. She believed that whatever he might have in store for her, she would be able to withstand it. She was willing to face the trial, in the name of her fate.

Kim Shin did not dare to free her. He didn’t dare to appear in front of her, such strong was her conviction. She stood, unwavering, one among hundred and one, and she looked death in the eye as if saying: “you will not break me, nor will you scare me, for I am not alone”.

She wasn’t. At her execution town people filled the square. They were cussing and yelling, but none of the hundred and one denounced their faith.

Kim Shin was there at her execution, looking at her so stoic in her faith. He longed for her, he longed to meet her, to talk to her – but it wasn’t a life he was supposed to change. That was a life she didn’t live for him, nor for herself – this one was lived for God.

She wasn’t alone in her last moments, as all of them joined in a silent prayer, so strong and so pure, that the Divine came. Like It never came when Goblin pleaded and cried. The Divine came to see its most faithful subjects beheaded.

As her head rolled away, still beautiful and filled with youthful spirits, a delicate butterfly flew away.

*

Kim Shin understood. Kim Shin understood that the Divine had enough with what was happening in Joseon. That it was a wind of change, finally reaching the peninsula. Christian belief was being morphed, shaped to suit Confucian country, hundreds of peasants were starting to follow the new system of beliefs. Donghak, a religion fused from Christianity, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, a religion that gave people the hope and a clear set of rules to live by.

A religion that started the greatest uprising that this land saw. The peasants' rebellion that brought foreign forces to help pacify the land.

Kim Shin observed it with deep fear lodged in his chest. Ming Dynasty came to help its “younger brother”, newly westernized country of Japan also came to pacify the rebellion. And they weren’t willing to leave.

Peasants also saw the danger of foreign armies roaming freely on their land. They willingly stopped fighting. But the Japanese didn’t leave. Japanese weren’t going to leave.

Was it a Divine’s way to purge Kim Shin’s sins? Was It making Joseon people fight with invaders, for them to unify under one flag? Was there a purpose in Its ways?

Because if not, Joseon people were suffering. Joseon people were in danger and Kim Shin didn’t know what to do.

Once again he saw her. Once again she was brighter then circumstances should have allowed her. Once again she was already wed to another, she was a wife to the most powerful man in the land, she was the Empress. Empress Min, who saw the danger, who championed for Joseon people to westernize. To modernize.

Who saw Japanese for monsters they were.

And those soulless bastards murdered her. They invaded the palace, they set it burning, and they saw her son. A young boy, young prince – two years old only, a scared child calling for his mother to help him, to hold him, this poor boy upon seeing his mother ran to her.

He ran to his mother only to see her captured, slew and rolled in a carpet in which she was burned.

Kim Shin didn’t know why he didn’t go to her help. He simply didn’t know, that was barbaric death. That called for vengeance. And yet he didn’t do a thing.

Kim Shin was tired. Kim Shin didn’t want to continue watching his country fall. He watched as black veil fell upon Joseon.

The annexation.

The annexation came on August 22, 1910. Kim Shin saw his once strong, prideful, independent country became Japan’s colony.

And it broke his heart.

*

There were too many of them. Too many of Joseon people were calling for him. Too many of them were miserable, too many of them asked for things he couldn’t give them. Too many of them mourned their country.

And way too many of them didn’t.

He left.

Kim Shin left Joseon, scared, running away from the responsibility. The world was new and exciting, different civilization waiting for him to explore. He travelled through lands, he saw the land of the United States and its people, so different from him. He saw the Hispanic lands, he travelled to the continent of colonies – he saw the world where white people invaded, colonized and exploited other cultures, knowing that back home his people suffered the same fate.

He saw a war. A new war, total war, where ordinary people were in the middle of the fighting field. He saw new weapons, he saw how ordinary people suffered. But he also saw the aftermath of the great war. He saw countries gain their independence back, some of them waited over a hundred years for it!*

That’s when the news came – his people woke up from their stupor, they were on the streets, demanding their country back! They proclaimed their independence, and they wanted nothing more than their country back.

And Kim Shin couldn’t leave them alone. He couldn’t ignore their calls anymore.

So he came back. He came back to see peaceful demonstration turning into a bloodbath. He saw the violence of white uniforms, he saw streets of capital adorned with corpses, and he understood – he can’t leave anymore. Until he can see his country free.

***

March 1st, 1919*

I’ve heard it! People outside of our school calling for Independence. Oh, so much my poor heart yearned to join my people outside the gates! Since our Emperor, may he rest in peace, passed away there was no hope in sight, and yet today it happened. Hyeonsuk’s brother told us today that at 2pm Korean Declaration of Impendence was proclaimed, and I could not imagine a happier day. We, me, Kim Huija, Guk Hyeonsuk, Seo Myeonghak, Seong Changho, Sin Teuksil, No Yedal, and other girls, we wanted to join them, but principal Frey ordered to lock the gates. We could only listen to our compatriots crying manse.

You hear familiar creaking and you immediately push your diary on your bedside table and blow off the candle. Then you freeze on your bed looking toward the doors. You can see shoes stopping in the creak under it. After a second overseeing lady goes away.

But your heart is still pounding. You can still hear capital – you can still hear manse. You know that the march today was pacified – principal Frey told you that much, but you can’t bring yourself to care. Your nation is finally moving against the occupant. It’s been nine years. The greater part of your life. But hope is back, and so is your will to fight.

*

Guk Hyeonsuk grabs your hand during recess. She seems excited and she yanks you away, out of earshot of overseeing lady. Your heart skips a beat. Guk Hyeonsuk’s brother is studying at Joseon Christian College*, and thanks to him she knows everything that is happening in the city. Which is way more exciting now, that people are standing up against the enemy.

“Demonstrations will assume tomorrow, at Namdaemun Station, at 8 o’clock,” she says while excitedly squeezing your hand to the point where it starts to hurt, but it doesn’t matter. You can feel elation spreading through your body. You have to be there. You simply can’t miss such an opportunity. It’s your duty to fight for your country.

“We’ll need red fabrics,” you answered, already looking for the rest of the girls. You are sure they’ll want to join you.

Red fabrics you steal from theatre hall. Few scraps cut off the curtain will be enough to prepare makeshift headbands for seven people – because that’s the headcount.

Seo Myeonghak who is the most skilled in crafts make those and at 5 am, the seven of you are sneaking out of Ehwa over collapsed part of the fence. Streets are mostly empty, but there is an excited buzz in the air. You can see students, both girls and boys alike, walking in groups. You merge together, growing in numbers as you walk to the meet-up point. Seong Changho is holding your hand and it helps you still your heart.

Japanese didn’t hesitate with attacking protesters. It’s not safe, but that is a price you are willing to pay for your motherland.

The crowd at the Station brings tears to your eyes. You are so moved to be among your people to protest for your country and every single one of those around you. You deserve your own country. You are not Japanese. You are Korean, from the country of Joseon, and nothing and no-one can change that.

***

She caught his eyes. Of course, she would be here. Of course, she would be out there fighting for her country. For their country – she was doing it thirteen centuries ago and she will be doing it as long as it will be needed.

She was young. Sixteen at best, face fresh, eyes focused, red headband on her forehead only accentuating her pale skin.

Kim Shin made sure that even when occupant started attacking the crowd she’d be safe. He shadowed her all the way back to her school. Ehwa. Of course, where else she could study.

***

March 8th, 1919

They’ve closed the schools. Guk Hyeonsuk and her brother went back home, and I am on my way as well. I do not fret because I see it for what it is: a chance given to me by God, the One that Reigns in Heavens. The King of Heaven’s Kingdom is showing us that the occupant is scared. That our voice is being heard. And I know my mission is to spread the fire of Independence in my hometown.

You close your diary, knowing how truthful are your words. You are recognizing hills and valleys of your childhood and you exhale. Your heart hurts for Seoul, but you know that you have your mission even here.

*

The next day, after Sunday’s service you did let young men go out. It scared you. Boys knew you, alright, but you feared that they won’t listen. But they did. They’ve heard you as you’ve spoken about demonstrations in Seoul. Their eyes shone when you spoke about Independence.

Freedom. It’s a thing worth fighting for.

***

Kim Shin followed her home. She came from a lovely village in Cheonan County. It reminded him of his own home, long ago, back when he fought Gaya in the name of his king. It reminded him of a Queen that stood on white steps, unwavering with rows of bows behind her. It reminded him of her, a woman that knew him, a woman that did not stop him, knowing what would become of her if she didn’t.

And he knew and understood even without Divine intervention that it was not his right to act. It was not within his rights to distract her in any way. He heard her prayers, he knew her plans and it would be a dishonour and disservice to his nation had he stopped her.

So he watched from afar. He watched as she sewed Korean flags. He watched as she walked 30 km every day from one village to another, asking for cooperation. People joined her, of course, they did. She was a Queen. By marriage, by right. She was an Empress. She was a woman that was to be a Goblin’s wife.

He watched her when she climbed up a nearby mountain with her brother, where they lit up their torches. Even his heart grew when he saw flickering lights answer a call on neighbouring hills. He watched her the next morning when she distributed Korean flag, and when she marched in the first row of villagers heading to the station of Japanese military police. His mouth moved in time with their cries: manse, Choseon manse, Hanguk manse, manse, manse, manse…

Kim Shin saw Japanese militia open fire and he saw her parents being shot dead. It made him move, it made him break his resolve – he needed to make sure she was ok. He could not stand another death. If she was to wed another – then so be it, but he couldn’t watch her die again.

She cried and mourned her parents in the forest, where her friends stood with her. They all lost someone, but they didn’t lose hope for Independence. Kim Shin heard their prayers, heard their promises and fears, and wondered if he’d be able to help them. If his powers were enough to get rid of the occupant.

He didn’t see her go home. But he heard her. Loud and clear as she shouted manse, manse, manse over and over again when the militia was dragging her to the station. Her voice was strong and clear in the quiet night, and her defiance was like a petroleum poured over a fire in villager’s hearts.

He ran to her. He didn’t think about it, his only goal was her safety.

But it wasn’t meant to be. Divine stopped him, Almighty pushing him back. She was to be a martyr. She was to be a symbol. She was to be a hatred in Korean’s heart. She was to be their strength and power, just like she was to him.

She was tortured to disclose people that helped her. She didn’t say a word.

For being a leader of the protest prosecution asked for three years sentence. Other people got one. But during her trial, she shouted to the judge, “As invaders in my country, what rights in the world do you have to punish me?” Then she threw her chair toward the judge.

Kim Shin witnessed that. It didn’t matter it upgraded her from three years to seven and gave her a title of a felon. At the age of sixteen. At the age of sixteen, she was sent to Seodaemun Prison. The tortures she had to bear were breaking him. Every day he fought the Divine, every day he cried and screamed, and pleaded. Every day was a torture. Every day was humiliation. Every day was a hell.

***

Being short turned out to be quite a blessing. You could lay on the ground of your solitary cell when men couldn’t. It wasn’t much of a cheer-up, but nothing really was.

You cough. Your body is freezing, and no wonder. They keep you out in the cold and douse with ice water till you lose consciousness. Then they place you next to a hot stove and start again. Sometimes they force icy water into you through a hose in your vagina.

But you know that there are people who have worse. You are still young and you know that worse is yet to come. You know that you are going to get weaker. You’ll wilt. And you fear that it might finally break you. It’s hard to think about Independence and motherland when every day is a nightmare.

You can hear low moans on the other side of the wall. He was burned today. You can smell the burnt skin. It nauseates you.

You can’t go to sleep, it’s too cold in your cell, and you can feel your fever rising. Also going to sleep means that morning will come sooner.

Dim light coming through a small window in your doors suddenly disappears. You smile.

“Have you come to finish it all?” You ask, barely recognizing your own voice. An answer doesn’t come, and you move up the cell to rest your back against the cold wall. You don’t try to walk anymore – feet frozen over for good.

There he is. Your guardian with sorrow in his eyes, dirt and blood on his armour and sword in his heart.

“It took you long enough,” you say and you didn’t want it to sound as an accusation. But you think it was. It’s been a year. It’s been over a year since you’ve entered this place. You stare at his face and you see pain. You know pain. You’ve become quite close. But you don’t want to go on. You don’t want any more pain. Your voice breaks when you speak up again, dropping to barely a whisper. “Can you… Can you make sure that I’ll be buried with our flag?”

***

He cried only when he left the prison. Her light dimmed, but she was still bright when she spoke. He was delicate, allowing her to fall asleep. Painless sleep, that would bring her straight to her God. He did it once again, he killed her. The fact that it gave her peace brought him solace, but once again she died at his hand.

He made her torturers give her body out to Ehwa teachers. Her coffin was covered with Korean national flag when it was lowered to the grave. The epitaph read:

A flower of the March First Movement. May she watch over us as we bring freedom to our country.

*March 1st, 1919 – the start of so-called Sam-il-dong, or March 1st Movement, Korean Independence Movement. *It’s a shout-out to my own country because in 2018 we are celebrating 100 years of Independence! *Choseon Christian College – one of the schools (next to Severance Medical College) that later merged to become Yeonsei University.

[chaletfms]

★☆ ― thank you for checking into langdon lodge, CREE, FLEUR* & JOSEFINE*. you have twelve hours to report to reception & unpack your things ! we can’t wait to see you carving up the slopes. ( PARK CHAEYOUNG, FC & FC are now taken )

*can fleur & josefine please send us a new fc?

★☆―❝ 〝park chaeyoung. twenty-three. cis-female. 〞dear CREE GWAN, upon reading your application we are pleased to inform you that your booking to be a GUEST at langdon lodge has been accepted. for only being TWENTY-THREE, we believe that you do in fact resemble LAERTE. your piece about being from ROCHESTER, NY was very compelling and we’ll make sure to give CAPE GOD BY ALLIE X a listen. honesty is the best policy so we appreciate you disclosing the fact that you are HEEDLESS but we think that balances out with the way that you are ELOQUENT let’s just hope that nobody finds out about REDACTED. see you soon ―【melli, est, 20】

★☆―❝ 〝fc. she/her. cisfemale.〞dear FLEUR RYU, upon reading your application we are pleased to inform you that you have been invited to work with langdon lodge as a BARTENDER. for only being TWENTY-TWO, we believe that you do in fact resemble ALEX RUSSO. your piece about being from SYDNEY, AUS was very compelling and we’ll make sure to give SPEAK NOW a listen. honesty is the best policy so we appreciate you disclosing the fact that you are IMPULSIVE but we think that balances out with the way that you are JOCOSE. let’s just hope that nobody finds out about REDACTED. see you soon ―【r, est, 18+]

★☆―❝ 〝fc. she/her. cisfemale. 〞dear JOSEFINE ‘JOSIE’ MIN, upon reading your application we are pleased to inform you that you have been invited to work with langdon lodge as a SKI INSTRUCTOR. for only being 22, we believe that you do in fact resemble TIFA LOCKHART. your piece about being from TORONTO, CANADA was very compelling and we’ll make sure to give GOOD KID, M.A.A.D CITY a listen. honesty is the best policy so we appreciate you disclosing the fact that you are IRASCIBLE but we think that balances out with the way that you are EFFULGENT. let’s just hope that nobody finds out about REDACTED. see you soon ―【yu, est, 21】

[mangafeeds]

Vampire Library.

Alternative : Библиотека вампиров (Russian); 吸血鬼图书馆 (KgomeCaptor) (Chinese); 뱀파이어 도서관 (Korean); Vampire Do Seo Gwan

Vampire Library summary: Yu Mano wanted a job where he wouldn't have to deal with lots of people looking at him, and maybe where he could get some of his college homework done during breaks. Being an albino in South Korea, he always stands out. There's this creepy yet eye-catching mansion in his neighborhood that somehow is a library, so he decides to work there part-time for a while. But his annoyance level soon shoots through the roof because every single one of the (admittedly gorgeous) librarians there are vampire otakus! They even dress and talk as if they are vampires—and as if they're certain he is one, too! After an awkward first encounter with the head librarian (including being dragged into his elegant coffin), he is determined to never go back but... #MangaFeeds.com, #ReadFreeMangaOnline MangaFeeds.Com: Read manga online the latest manga comic book, updated daily: https://mangafeeds.com/post/vampire-library_1587890177

Read more.

[solplparty]

[M/V] SIA - Declaration Of Independence Of Korea (선언) https://youtu.be/a4lC4Q_D4M4 Artist : SIA Album Title : Blooming Era Release Date : 2019.12.23 Genre : World Music [Listen here] Apple Music - Melon - https://bit.ly/2sTV6N8 Genie - https://bit.ly/2ZhKZxR Bugs - https://bit.ly/36ZMjrO Vibe - https://bit.ly/2ShVdwL Spotify - Coming Soon ■ Mirrorball Music http://mirrorballmusic.co.kr/ https://www.facebook.com/mirrorballmusic https://twitter.com/mirrorballmusic 100 years ago, finally blossomed. For them, the pain of losing their country was more unbearable than torture, but they finally blossomed. It’s our unforgettable history. The 100th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence and the martyr Yu Gwan-sun’s death. It is time for us to remind our history. We want to say out loud through our music and want to remember them. - 100년 전, 마침내 꽃을 피웠습니다. 그들에게는 숱한 고문보다 나라를 잃은 아픔이 더욱 견디지 못할 일이었지만, 마침내 꽃을 피워냈습니다. 잊을 수 없는 우리의 역사입니다. 독립선언 100주년, 그리고 유관순 열사의 순국 100주기. 이제는 우리가 우리의 역사를 다시금 되새겨야 할 때입니다. 한국음악을 통해 그들의 목소리를, 실용음악을 통해 우리의 목소리를 내며 그들을 기억하고자 합니다. 또한 우리의 음악으로 모두 함께 그들을 기억하기를 바랍니다. Produced 서울예술대학교 공연창작학부 미디어창작학��� Executivd produced by 임도완 Music produced by 오정수, 이아람 Recorded by 권혁빈 @polarimmersive Mixed by 김용회 @Studio88 (Track 1, 4, 5, 6) 라경외 (Lagoon) (Track 2, 3) Mastered by 전훈 @Sonic Korea Coordinated by 박다정, 이승민, 한미정 Albumcover by @heeeesoo_ [선언] 1919년 3월 1일 민족대표 33인이 한국의 독립을 내외에 선언한 독립선언문을 현대 말로 바꾸어 가사로 사용하였으며, 제작 반 내의 연주파트가 전원 참여한 앨범의 대표 곡이다. 작곡 라경외 보컬 라경외, 박수진, 한세나 코러스 라경외 박수진 피아노 라경외 기타 라경외 드럼 라경외 베이스 라경외 어쿠스틱 기타 라경외 가야금 양윤정, 임은아 대금 이아람 해금 김재희, 윤원경 비파 김연주 타악 객원(조한민) 미러볼 뮤직 - Mirrorball Music

[layarkaca-21]

1919 Yu Gwan-sun (2019) A film that explores the lives of female independence activists who fought against the Japanese Occupation in the North and South of Korea including heroines like the titular Yu Gwan-sun, Eo Yoon-hee, Kwon Ae-ra, Shim Myung-chul, Noh Soon-kyung, Lim Myung-ae, and Shin Kwan-bin.

[shcjfrance]

Dongwan’s FB Update:

He changed his header pic

He also post a quote by the late Yu Gwan-soon

내 손톱이 빠져나가고 내 귀와 코가 잘리고 내 다리가 부러져도 그 고통은 이길 수 있사오나, 나라를 잃어버린 그 고통만은 견딜 수가 없습니다. 나라에 바칠 목숨이 오직 하나 밖에 없는 것이 이 소녀의 유일한 슬픔입니다.

The late Yu Gwan-soon 1902.12.16 ~ 1920.9.28 (17 years old)

[crayonpopme]

170301 Way's Instagram Translated

Way posted a photo of Yu Gwan Soon, one of the organizer behind Korea’s March 1st Movement

Hurray For Independence #March1stMovement

Source: Instagram

[jojal-jojalkorean]

Korean Grammar - Supplementary Constituents(부속 성분)

Hi! This is Admin Yu here with another Korean grammar lesson.

Today’s grammar lesson will be on Supplementary Constituents(부속 성분). You will see that 부속 성분 is quite similar to 수식언(modifiers). In fact, all the modifiers in Korean, determiners and adverbs, work as 부속 성분 in sentences. If you don’t know what modifiers are, check out my previous post on Korean modifiers to get a better understanding of supplementary constituents!

부속 성분 Bu-sok seong-bun Supplementary Constituents

-부속 성분 is 성분(constituent) that modifies/describes other 주성분(fundamental constituent) in a sentence.

-부속 성분 consists of 관형어 and 부사어

관형어 Gwan-hyeong-eo Adnominal Phrase

관형어 is 성분(constituent) that modifies 체언(substantive) in a sentence. Click here to see more about substantive. It is placed right in front of the substantive it modifies. These are the three ways to make and use 관형어.

1 관형사 Determiner/Unconjugated adjective

관형사 are words that are made specifically to be used as 관형어. I’ve already made a post about determiners. Click here to see about determiners in full detail.

학생이 왔다.

A student came.

새 학생이 왔다.

New student came.

새(new) modified substantive 학생(student)

2 관형격 조사 Adnominal Postposition

Postpositions can assign a word its grammatical role in the sentence. The adnominal postposition 의 makes the phrase ‘(substantive)+의’ work as 관형어. 의 is translated to ‘s in English.

지구는 행성이다.

Earth is a planet.

지구는 태양계의 행성이다.

Earth is solar system’s planet. (Earth is a planet of the solar system.)

태양계+의(solar system’s) modified substantive 행성(planet)

3 용언의 활용 Conjugation of Verbs and Adjectives

Verbs and adjectives in Korean are made up of 어간(stem) and 어미(ending). Click here to see more about verbs and adjectives in Korean. They are conjugated to play various roles in sentence. 어간(stem) is the part that don’t change, and 어미(ending) is the part that changes when conjugated. Changing the ending can make the verb or the adjective work as 관형어. There isn’t one specific ending that makes the verb/adjective 관형어. The choice of ending is closely related to tense.

나는 강아지를 봤다.

I saw a puppy.

나는 달리는 강아지를 봤다.

I saw a running puppy.

나는 달릴 강아지를 봤다.

I saw a puppy that will run.

달리는(달리- + -는) / 달릴(달리- + -ㄹ) modified substantive 강아지(puppy). The original form(원형) of 달리는 / 달릴 is 달리다.

꽃이 피었다.

A flower bloomed.

예쁜 꽃이 피었다.

A pretty flower bloomed.

예쁜(예쁘- + -ㄴ) modified substantive 꽃(flower). The original form of 예쁜 is 예쁘다.

부사어 Bu-sa-eo Adverbial Phrase 

부사어 is 성분(constituent) that can modify almost everything in a sentence except for 체언(substantive), but it usually modifies 서술어(predicate). Click here to see more about 서술어(predicate). These are the three ways to make and use 부사어.

1 부사 Adverb

부사 are the words that are made specifically to be used as 부사어. Click here to see about adverbs in full detail.

Harry가 달렸다.

Harry ran.

Harry가 빨리 달렸다.

Harry ran fast.

빨리(fast) modified the predicate 달렸다(ran)

2 부사격 조사 Adverbial Postpositions

As I mentioned above, postpositions can assign a word its role in the sentence. There are many postpositions that can make adverbs. 에서, 에게, 로, 로서 etc. It’s quite hard to say this postposition means this and that postposition means that since the meaning of each postposition can vary depending on the context.

Soomin이 달렸다.

Soomin ran.

Soomin이 급식실로 달렸다.

Soomin ran to the cafeteria.

로 indicates that 급식실(cafeteria) was where Soomin was running to.

Soomin이 변했다.

Soomin changed.

Soomin이 개구리로 변했다.

Soomin changed into a frog.

로 indicates that 개구리(frog) is what Soomin changed into.

3 용언의 활용 Conjugation of Verbs and Adjectives

Changing the ending can make the verb or the adjective work as 부사어. There are several endings that can make the verb/adjective 부사어.

그는 말했다.

He spoke.

그는 크게 말했다.

He spoke loudly.

크게(크- + -게) modified predicate 말했다(spoke). The original form of 크게 is 크다(big).

***

I hope this grammar lesson helped you learn Korean:D We will come back with more grammar lessons soon!  If you want to know more about 주성분(fundamental constituent), click here(part 1) and here(part 2).

-Written and edited by Admin Yu

[jojal-jojalkorean]

Korean Grammar - Modifiers(수식언)

Hello! This is Admin Yu! Today's Korean grammar lesson will be on 수식언. 수식언 is not an essential part of a sentence but it certainly adds more meanings and elements to it. So if you want to express something in Korean more precisely, it's a good idea to use 수식언 well.

수식언 Soo-sik-eon Modifier

- 수식언 modifies/specifies/describes another element in a sentence. - 수식언 doesn't change its form. - 수식언 consists of 관형사 and 부사.

관형사 Gwan-hyeong-sa Unconjugated adjective / Determinative

관형사 modifies substantives(체언) in a sentence. Click here to see our previous post on substantives. It is always placed right in front of the substantive it modifies. So it's also called as "pre-noun". 관형사 can describe shape, condition, character of a person or a thing, target a specific person or a thing, or indicate the number or quantity of the noun.

Here are some examples of 관형사 :

새 new

헌 old(worn out)

각 each

이 this

그 the

저 that

어느 which

한 one

두 two

세 three

여러 many

모든 all

Here are some examples of 관형사 used in sentences :

1.

Brian이 차를 샀다.

Brian bought (a) car. 

Brian이 새 차를 샀다.

Brian bought (a) new car. 

새(new) modified the noun 차(car) 

2.

Sujin은 사람을 만났다. 

Sujin met (a) person. 

Sujin은 두 사람을 만났다.  

Sujin met two people. 

두(two) modified the noun 사람(person)  

3. 

그는 꽃을 좋아한다. 

He likes flower(s).

그는 모든 꽃을 좋아한다.

He likes all flowers.

모든(all) modified the noun 꽃(flower)

부사 Bu-sa Adverb

While 관형사 only modifies substantives, 부사 can modify almost everything else. It can modify 용언, 관형사, 부사, or even the entire sentence itself. It usually comes right before the element it modifies. Some 부사 like 과연, 아마, 설마 that modifies the entire sentence can be placed rather freely but they are usually at the very front of the sentence. 부사 can describe the state of action, indicate the time or location, make verb negative(like not in English), express speakers attitude, or act as transition words.

Here are some examples of 부사 :

잘 well

매우 very

바로 instantly

내일 tomorrow

오늘 today

어제 yesterday

이미 already

못 can't

아니 not/won't

안 not/won't

아마 probably, maybe

과연 indeed/can it really be~ (there is no direct translation)

설마 no kidding (there is no direct translation)

결코 never

그리고 and

하지만 however

곧 soon/before long

즉 in other words

또는 or/else

또 once again

Here are some examples of 부사 used in sentences :

1. 

Harry가 달렸다.

Harry ran.

Harry가 빨리 달렸다. 

Harry ran fast.

Harry가 아주 빨리 달렸다 

Harry ran very fast.

빨리(fast) modified the verb 달렸다(ran) and 아주(very) modified 부사 빨리(fast)

2. 

이 노래가 유명하다. 

This song is popular.

이 노래가 가장 유명하다. 

This song is the most popular.

가장(the most) modified the adjective 유명하다(popular)

+) 관형사 이(this) modified the noun 노래(song)

3.

Jaewon은 집에 갈 것이다.

Jaewon will go home.

Jaewon은 내일 집에 갈 것이다.

Jaewon will go home tomorrow.

내일(tomorrow) indicates the time of action

4. 

나는 갈 수 없을 거야. 

I won't be able to go.

아마 나는 갈 수 없을 거야. 나는 아마 갈 수 없을 거야. 

I probably won't be able to go.

아마(probably) expresses the uncertainty of the speaker.

***

Now, there is something we have to keep in mind. In Korean, the words that can modify and describe other words are not only 관형사 and 부사. 용언 can change its form and modify other words too. 이것은 컵이다. This is a cup. 이것은 예쁜 컵이다. This is a pretty cup. Although 예쁜 did describe the cup as pretty, we don't count 예쁜 as a 관형사. 예쁜 is just a changed version of 예쁘다. 수식언(관형사 and 부사) are just the ones that are "born" as 수식언. That is, they don't change their form. For example, 새(new) is a 관형사 and there is no such thing as 새다(as in the meaning of being new)

It may sound confusing but you don't have to worry! Just know that there are several ways to modify nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc. in Korean. The 품사 are divided just for grammatical reasons, the important thing is getting the good grasp of how you can play with words and sentences.

I hope this post helped you out with learning Korean! We'll bring a post covering 용언(adjective and verb), the one of the most important and challenging parts of learning Korean, soon:D

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Yun Dong-ju's poetry collection <Photo source: Yonhap News>

"서시 / 윤동주

​

죽는 날까지 하늘을 우러러

한 점 부끄럼이 없기를,

잎새에 이는 바람에도

나는 괴로워했다.

별을 노래하는 마음으로

모든 죽어가는 것을 사랑해야지.

그리고 나한테 주어진 길을

걸어가야겠다.

​

오늘 밤에도 별이 바람에 스치운다."

“하늘과 바람과 별과 시” (정음사, 1948)

"Prologue

Yun Dong-ju"

Until the day I die

I long to have no speak of shame

when I gaze up toward heaven,

so I have tormented myself,

even when the wind stirs the leaves.

With a heart that sing the stars,

I will love all dying things.

And I will walk the way

that has been given to me.

Tonight, again, the wind brushes the stars."

“Sky and Wind, Stars and Poems” (Jeongeumsa, 1948)

Translated by Dr. Chae-Pyong("J.P.") Song 송재평 교수 & Anne Rashid

Korean poetry in Translation https://jaypsong.blog/

Yun Dong-ju(1917 - 1945) was born in Myeongdongchon, Bukgando, in present-day North Korea. He was known for lyric poetry as well as resistance poetry against Japanese colonialism.

In this work, the narrator reflects on his mistakes through self-reflection. It shows his determination and will to live a pure life without shame.the tone of poet Yun Dong-ju's works is not strong, so it might think that strong will does not appear, but it is not

the poems of poet Yun Dong-ju has similar patterns,

First, they reflect on their past mistakes through self-reflection. And it shows the will to live the right life. Even if it's forced to sacrifice one's own.

In addition, the monologue and confessional tone stands out because one's heart, thoughts, and resolve become the central content of the poem. In this poem, he is a being who seeks innocence, he reacts sensitively to his own moral flaws. And he suffers because of himself being swayed by temptations like the wind. With a ‘heart that sings the stars’, that is, a heart that sings innocence and hope, he decides to love all living things and our people who suffering from Japanese . Because 'all dying things' must have life to die. And he shows determination and will to walk the 'path given to me'. He's going to walk a pure life without shame. He vowed to lead a righteous life like this about the future, but reality is 'night'. And he brushes against the wind that the 'star' he considers ideal is a negative being. He thinks that a pure life is the right thing to do is a difficult present and reality. However even in these difficult circumstances, he will lead a pure and clean life as same in the poetry, and just like the life of poet Yun Dong-ju.

He seems to have thought insignificantly that he was writing or writing during the Japanese colonial period. At that time, Japan considered it dangerous to contain the spirit of Korea in writings and characters, so they captured and suppressed many literary writers so that they could not write. Poetry is equally valuable, but he seems to have valued the active independence movement more. So, he seems to have remained as a masterpiece for his posterity by using his talents to comfort others, and to write poems that reflect and reflect on himself. The way we criticize ourselves, not the generous appearance of being comfortable with ourselves, makes us realize the shame of our present state of affairs.

These are films about martyrs

-Yun Bong-gil, who killed the Japanese prime minister with a lunchbox bomb

-Yu Gwan-soon, who led the March 1st Movement.

ect..

In the future, I will investigate how these films contain the martyrs and focus on the things they have saved.

I will seek advice from an acquaintance who is studying history.

'How would we live if we hadn't been independent from Japan?'

'What is the future plan to recover the remains of independence martyrs from China and Japan?'

'What were the lives and feelings of the families of the martyrs at the time?'