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juniperpublishersajop · 4 years ago

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A New Composition of High Heat General Purpose Polystyrene (High Heat GPPS) Resin

Abstract

A new composition of high heat general-purpose polystyrene (High heat GPPS) resin synthesis is discussed. The new composition of resin involves addition of cross-linker/comonomer in very low concentration during synthesis process. Commercially available vinyl cross-linkers like divinylbenzene (DVB), Ethylene dimethacrylate (EDM), Tricycle (5.2.1.02,6) decanedimethanol diacrylate (TDDDA), Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and vinyl comonomer like maleic anhydride, α-methylstyrene have been evaluated via bulk polymerization method. DVB showed enhancement in the heat distortion temperature (HDT), vicat softening temperature (VST) & melt flow index (MFI) compared to the benchmark grade of GPPS, whereas other mechanical and impact properties remained same or better than benchmark grade under identical methods of measurement.

Keywords: Divinylbenzene; Cross-linked; Branching; Polymerization; Heat Distortion Temperature (HDT); Melt Flow Index (MFI)

Abbreviations: HDT: Heat Distortion Temperature; MFI: Melt Flow Index; DVB: Divinylbenzene; EDM: Ethylene Dimethacrylate; TDDDA: Tricycle (5.2.1.02,6) Decanedimethanol Diacrylate; DCPD: Dicyclopentadiene; VST: Vicat Softening Temperature; High Heat GPPS: High Heat General- Purpose Polystyrene

Introduction

Polystyrene (PS) is a multipurpose polymer used in varied applications in rigid and foamed forms. Based on orientation of phenyl group on the polymer backbone, polystyrene can be classified into isotactic, syndiotactic and atactic. Isotactic or syndiotactic polystyrene prepared by metallocene catalyst can give HDT/VST around 250 oC and shows lowest specific gravity compared to any other engineering plastics in the market [1]. XAREC is world’s first syndiotactic polystyrene commercialized by Idemitsu Corporation, used in electronic component molding [2]. The first two are commercially not important due to complexity in the synthesis and processability compared to atactic polystyrene. Atactic polystyrene is known as generalpurpose polystyrene (GPPS). It is produced by simple thermal initiated radical bulk polymerization [3]. GPPS is clear, hard and can be used in packaging, household items, and electronics. The excellent physical and processing properties make GPPS suitable for many applications as compared to any other plastics, but its glass transition temperature (Tg) is only 100 oC that leads to limit its use in certain applications. Tg dictates the continuous service temperature that is a very important factor for polymer to evaluate its processing and application performance. Therefore, there is a demand for high Tg GPPS. Some efforts have been reported in this direction by copolymerizing styrene with maleimide and imide, which act as hydrogen-bond interaction site in the copolymer [4]. Although there is no direct relation between Tg and HDT in polymers, but in amorphous polymer like GPPS, HDT is close to Tg [5].

HDT can be improved by increasing the interaction of chains or by restricting the chain mobility at elevated temperature. Although GPPS synthesis process is well established and matured, the market requirement and customer application always demand to develop new process or improve the efficiency of the process. Vinyl based anhydrides, amides, maleimides and methylstyrenes have been explored as comonomers in different loading to enhance the heat resistance of polystyrene [4-5]. This is generally achieved by introducing heteroatom containing monomer in the polystyrene chain, which leads chemical irregularity or steric hindrance in the polystyrene chain. GPPS has been widely used in food packaging containers, disposable containers, kitchenware & cutleries owing to its excellent transparency, water resistance and colorability. Molded articles prepared by GPPS with lower HDT/VST can undergo structural deformation especially when they are used in hot filled applications and lower HDT can affect the production rate during molding due to the long cycle time. Good thermal properties like higher HDT/VST along with flow are important requirement for the product performance with better heat stability & shorter cycle time in the production line. Therefore, our research was focused in first instant to increase the Tg and HDT/VST, without affecting flow properties.

Experimental Section

Material and Methods

All the chemicals that were used in the process procured from Sigma-Aldrich and used as such.

Gel-permeation chromatography (GPC)

The molecular weight of intermediate samples and final polymer was measured by GPC at 40 oC (Make-Shimadzu, Class-VP). THF was used as mobile and diluent solvent, sample concentration 2 mg/ml, column specification- PLgel 5 μm MIXED-C, 300 x 7.5 mm, Detector- UV @254nm, standards- Monodispersed polystyrene standards.

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the samples was done with TA Instruments/DSC Q 1000 by heating the samples from room temperature to 160 ºC and heating rate always maintained at 10 ºC/min in nitrogen atmosphere.

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Unreacted residual styrene monomer was detected and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) Agilent HPLC-1260 series. The chromatographic condition are as follows, column- Agilent Zorbax,-C18, (4.6X150mm), 5μ; Mobile phase: Reservoir A -0.02% Orth phosphoric acid in Milli-Q water, Reservoir B-Methanol, Reservoir C - Acetonitrile at different gradients. Flow rate 1 ml/min, detector-diode array detector, wave lenth-254 nm. Column temperatue-40 oC.

Melt flow index (MFI)

Melt flow index was measured at 230 oC & 2.16 kg load as per the ASTM D 1238, in GOTTFERT MFI machine (model-MI-4).

Heat distortion temperature (HDT)

Heat distortion temperature was measured as per the ASTM D648, method B at 0.45 MPa load, on the CEAST machine. All the samples were annealed for 70 hrs. at 70 oC prior to test.

Vicat softening temperature (VST)

Vicat softening temperature was also measured in CEAST machine for annealed samples as per ASTM D1525. All the samples were annealed for 70 hrs. at 70 oC prior to test.

Mechanical property (Tensile and Izod Impact notched)

Injection molded specimens are conditioned for 48 h at 23 oC & relative humidity at 50%. Tensile strength was measured were accordance to ASTM D638, on Zwick 2.5 RTI-UTM machine. Izod impact notched was measured as per the ASTM D256.

Polymerization and Processing

Comonomer/cross linker screening

The following comonomers/cross linkers were screened in 100 g batch scale, the concentration of comonomer was maintained at 0-5 wt. %.

Styrene with comonomer was transferred to the pre-heated (128 oC) glass reactor, the residence time/reaction time and temperature were increased at four different time intervals to make a continuous process. Intermediate samples were collected to monitor molecular weight, Tg and conversions at every 1 h interval. Unreacted styrene monomer or residual monomer was removed by precipitating polymer solution (in THF) in hexane and then measured Tg.

Scale-up (1kg) in lab glass reactor setup

Following three formulation were shortlisted for scale-up in 1kg scale in the lab glass reactor setup (Figure 1 SI) based on the screening experimental results and evaluated thermal, flow & mechanical properties. The reaction conditions were kept as in Table 1. The unreacted styrene was removed by applying high vacuum (0-30 mbar) for 10-12 min at the end of the polymerization.

a. High molecular weight GPPS (Mw > 300 kg mol-1)

b. Evaluation of cross linker DVB at 100 ppm loading

c. Evaluation of comonomer MA at 5 wt. % loading

GPPS process and compounding

To evaluate the final properties of the synthesized polystyrene and copolymers were processed in different steps as shown in the Figure 1.

Results and Discussion

Different approaches to develop high heat GPPS

Based on literature search and our expertise three different approaches had been identified to achieve the targeted properties (CTQ’s).

a. High molecular weight GPPS (Mw > 300 kg mol-1)

b. Evaluation of cross linkers & comonomers

High molecular weight GPPS (Mw >300 kg mol-1)

This approach is simple and straightforward; this has been achieved by optimizing reaction time and temperature of the synthesis process as shown in the Table 2. In general, polystyrene molecular weight (Mw) can grow up to 340-350 kg mol-1 in radical bulk polymerization technique at 3-3.5 h reaction time (pre-poly), but later decreased due to thermal degradation and long residential time. In order to achieve Mw ≥300 kg mol-1, the polymerization was stopped after 4 h reaction time, with ~ 80 % conversion. At final stage high vacuum was applied for 10 min to remove 17-18 % unreacted styrene, after double extrusion the final residual was 1500 ppm.

From Table 3, MFI data shows that as molecular weight increased the flow decreased, but HDT and VST increased by 2 oC. Other mechanical properties like impact and tensile properties are better or equal to the baseline material PS160. Due to the low MFI, high molecular weight approach may have negative effect on processability and cycle time during molding. Figure 2, the GPC chromatograms shows that decreased molecular weight due to thermal degradation at different stages of processing.

Evaluation of cross linkers & comonomers

Following cross linkers and comonomers were screened at different loading for high heat GPPS (Table 4) at 100 g scale. All the cross linkers were screened in the range of 50-500 ppm to avoid gelling in the reactor, whereas comonomers were tested in 1-5 wt. % loading. DVB was shortlisted for scale-up in 1kg scale and evaluated for thermal and mechanical properties as it showed better Tg (107 oC, when residual styrene ~100 ppm). Moreover, it is commercially available in bulk quantities, FDA approved and reactivity is almost similar to the styrene monomer [6-7]. The same formulation was scaled up to 5 kg scale in batch reactor in similar reaction conditions. Tricyclo (5.2.1.02,6) decane dimethanol diacrylate and N,N-Hexamethylenebis (methacrylamide) as crosslinkers did not show any improvement in Tg in the final polymer. MA showed best Tg among comonomers at 4-5 wt. % loading and was scaled up to 1 kg in lab scale. DVB loading was optimized to 100 ppm, higher loading showed low MFI (< 3.0 g/10 min) because of high molecular weight and more crosslinking. Intermediate sample analysis showed that molecular weight increased up to 3rd hour and then started decreasing (Figure 3). This is may be due to thermal degradation under dynamic reaction conditions. Styrene-DVB copolymer always gave broader PDI (≥3.0) due to partial crosslinking or chain extension/branching, which leads to higher MFI. The chain extension was envisaged by lower slope/slower relaxation in the lower frequency region in rotational rheometer study as shown in Figure 4.

Solid content and viscosity at prepoly stage was almost similar to the homopolymer (Table 5). From Figure 7 it is very clear that residual styrene can affect Tg, that is higher the residual, lower the Tg, hence HDT/VST can also change accordingly (Table 6). It is required to maintain optimum level of (< 500 ppm, more preferably < 200 ppm as in example 2) residual in the final polymer to hit HDT > 102 oC or VST >106 oC as showed in table 6, example 2-4. The mechanical properties as if tensile strength & impact were better than the baseline PS160 (Table 6). There is no change in the thermal stability of styrene-DVB copolymer at 100 ppm DVB loading in compared to baseline GPPS PS160 (Figure 2 SI). Comonomers were evaluated in 1-5wt.% loading along with styrene, under similar reaction conditions as mentioned in the Table 2. Maleic anhydride (MA) showed HDT-102 oC, and MFI ~ 10-12 at 5 wt. % loading, but imparts haziness to the final polymer and more brittle than baseline PS 160. MA cannot homopolymerize, however in the presence of styrene it always forms alternative copolymer. This is may be due to higher activity of MA (0.02 time higher than styrene) [8].

Since, we are restricted ourselves to MA content to 5 wt. % maximum in the formulation, MA was added slowly over 1 h time in the prepoly stage and anticipated fair distribution throughout the chain. As MA content increased in the formulation the copolymer molecular weight decreased below critical molecular weight (~240 kg mol-1) as showed in the Table 7 & Figure 9. As 5 wt. % loading showed Tg~ 108 oC (Figure 10), the same was scaled up to 1kg in the lab reactor and evaluated for the mechanical and thermal properties. In styrene-MA copolymerization, the propagating chains were styrinic in nature because the maleic anhydride radicals undergo chain transfer reaction in this highly reactive system [9]. The styrene-MA system was highly exothermic compared to styrene homopolymerization and styrene-DVB system. This is because hydrogen abstraction from the maleic anhydride radical is 40 kJ/ mol more exothermic than that of styrene radical. This finally leads to inferior mechanical properties compared to the baseline as shown in the Table 7. Other comonomers like alpha-methylstyrene and DCPD did not show considerable improvement in thermal or flow properties up to 5 wt. % loading.

Conclusion

Divinylbenzene (DVB) as a crossliker at 100 ppm loading showed balance of thermal and flow properties as compared to baseline PS160. The controlled crosslinking of polystyrene chains by DVB play major role in broad distribution of molecular weight and hence better flow (MFI). There is an increment in the HDT/ VST by 2-3 oC and MFI from 3.3 g/10 min to 7 g/10 min without compromising any other properties of GPPS.

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#Polymer chemistry #Polymer Synthesis #Polyvinyl chloride #polystyrene

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nolancox81-blog · 4 years ago

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Short review about Omniblend: A Contract Food Manufacturing

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Michael Jacobson requires it fraud - my emotions operate to gross havoc, unethical, and one most destructive mislabeling of foods into wellbeing. And meats.

#Omniblend

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minty-minho-blog · 6 years ago

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Immediately after viewing solution detail webpages, appear right here to locate an uncomplicated way to navigate back to web pages you are interested in. You can also get aloe vera gel from The shop, but be sure it can be pure aloe with none included elements. From cold and hot treatments, to electrical stimulation, to massage, learn more with regard to the natural therapies which can help relieve your soreness and arthritis signs or symptoms. Read Additional >> There are a variety of home therapies for migraine suffering reduction that will help abate the debilitating agony. Find out how feverfew may also help handle migraines. Summary: Feeding on significant-glycemic foods may maximize sebum production and contribute to acne. Additional study is needed to find out no matter whether a very low-glycemic diet can proficiently deal with or protect against acne. Regular ED treatments incorporate prescription medications, vacuum pumps, implants, and operation, but several Adult males favor natural selections. Investigate has uncovered that some natural choices can enhance ED signs or symptoms. Read on to understand natural selections that have analysis to back them up. Use virgin coconut oil within your diet program. It is simple to digest, fantastic to your health and fitness, and also aids your body break down supplies speedier. Our units have detected uncommon visitors out of your Pc community. This webpage checks to discover if It really is really you sending the requests, rather than a robotic. Risk-free home remedies for blackheads and whiteheads can be obtained. In https://en.search.wordpress.com/?src=organic&q=natural+cures , Listed below are my favourite natural home cures for having rid of pimples. Everybody's skin is different, so Remember the fact that ... Usually seek out the recommendation of your respective medical professional or other capable overall health provider previous to starting off any new diet regime or procedure and with any inquiries you may have with regards to a health-related affliction. Should you have or suspect that you have a health-related challenge, instantly Make contact with your health care company. Managing dandruff and hair tumble at home is usually a bit challenging. Apple cider vinegar is among the finest home cures for dandruff and hair slide. Find out how to take care of dandruff with apple cider vinegar below: The enteric coating stops capsules from opening in the tummy and growing distress by creating heartburn and indigestion. The peppermint releases and goes to operate reduced while in the gastrointestinal tract, exactly where gasoline-plagued people today have to have it most. (See what your gas is trying to let you know.) It’s very best to established a particular time slot in your day for your personal workout program, so you tend not to skip it due to excuse which you don’t have ample time. Pick out complete grain and more healthy forms of those foods. Their labels must say “one hundred pc whole grain”, not just “made with full grains” or “multi- grain”.

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For those who have a brownish tinge in your hair and haven't got the time to henna or colour it, then take a couple sprigs of rosemary within the kitchen shelf and simmer them in two cups of h2o along with two tsp black tea until it cuts down to 50 % the amount. Get more than enough rest, established reasonable limits, reduce your to-do checklist and make the perfect time to do the stuff you take pleasure in. The outcomes could possibly be much more extraordinary than you hope. Use protecting clothes. Cover your skin with tightly woven prolonged-sleeved shirts, prolonged trousers and vast-brimmed hats. Also contemplate laundry additives, which give apparel yet another layer of ultraviolet safety for a particular number of washings, or special sun-protective outfits — and that is especially intended to block ultraviolet rays. In the following paragraphs I've conjured up some INSTA recipes (the two magical and natural) that happen to be guaranteed to work and provides some incredible outcomes to useless searching skin and hair. So get up and imbibe these spells into your festive seem. In winters, lips get chapped and dry extremely effortlessly and it turns into all the greater essential to exfoliate them with a superb lip scrub and what is a lot better than a homemade one. There are a selection of home remedies to take care of reproductive wellness. Learn the way natural cures like vitex can advertise reproductive overall health. “We hold nervous feelings and challenging thoughts inside our muscles around inside our minds. Once we are having difficulties to regain psychological wellness, we are able to flip towards the temper-boosting items from green tea and significant-top quality darkish chocolate,” claims Dr. Reduced Pet dog explain that inexperienced tea consists of tiny amounts of caffeine that maximize mental concentration; In addition it includes L-theanine, an amino acid that can help quiet the brain. Using the festive year within the corner - Durga Puja, Karvachauth, Diwali and endless get-togethers and festivities that choose it, the skin and hair ought to appear healthier and amazing. I might love to oblige but the truth is always that mother nature doesn't bloom overnight. The smallest seed of a plant also has to be planted, nurtured and cared for prior to it could blossom and exhibit its magnificence. Nevertheless we are in a globe of "insta" or prompt options, some points can't be performed about with. Some natural remedies used to treat melancholy have proven They could be just as helpful as -- or at the very least a superb complement to -- traditional cure. Normally, on another website page, you can enter the therapeutic backyard garden by Checking out the herbs used in herbal remedies with the letter A in the letter C. Skin purists think tap water is undesirable in your skin as it includes severe minerals and additives like fluoride and chlorine. Alternate thrice, constantly ending with chilly. After you get out with the shower, Your entire body will send out the blood back again out to your skin, which ends up in a closing dilation of blood vessels and—voilà!—a looser neck.

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“Choose five of these and incorporate a single drop of drinking water on each to help make them crumble. Blend with manuka honey, which happens to be a natural anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory and use it directly to your breakout,” implies Angela Jia Kim, founder of Savor Beauty. Look into the most effective acne remedies in your skin type in this article.

A Secret Weapon For skin care

“Make an at-home facial area mask making use of oatmeal,” implies Dr. Shah. “Oatmeal is really a valuable natural ingredient mainly because it functions as a humectant so it can help your skin keep dampness.” To whip 1 up combine ½ cup sizzling water (not boiling) with 1/three cup oatmeal. Very good skin care — like Sunlight safety and Light cleaning — can keep your skin balanced and glowing. I recommend such as a cup of Greek yogurt and/or four ounces of kefir a few to 4 periods per week to the diet regime. If dairy doesn’t agree with you, you could follow an previous stand-by like sauerkraut or test a little something much more adventurous like kombucha.” It is possible to study A great deal more details on probiotics in this article. Lemon water is a wonderful consume for weight reduction. Lemon juice will help Your whole body get the nutrients it really should burn up Excess fat into energy and quit weight obtain. Make sure you hold consuming lemon juice even Once you reduce fat, to keep your new fat. Search your radiant ideal Using these head-to-toe beauty tips, rounded up through the previous seventy five yrs of Girl's Working day magazines. "They informed me if I took a thousand pills at nighttime I need to be pretty An additional thing in the morning", an early 19th-century satire on Morison's Vegetable Products, an alternate medicine complement. Strain and sip as wanted. This cure performs very best on coughs that generate mucus and isn’t well suited for dry coughs. The rationale is always that black pepper stimulates circulation and mucus stream, when honey can be a natural cough suppressant and mild antibiotic. Here’s are more ways to naturally ease bronchial challenges. Alternate therapies frequently make bombastic promises, and often involve anecdotes from healthier-wanting people declaring effective treatment. This loss of skin pigmentation can depart white patches on people today of all skin kinds, but it might be additional obvious in those with darker skin. “Treatment method for vitiligo may possibly strengthen the looks in the afflicted skin but isn't going to cure the ailment,” cautions Dr. Dry brushing has actually been acquiring a great deal of notice as of late, and forever reason. Employing a loofah or exfoliating brush and frivolously stroking the skin might help promote the detoxification in the lymphatic program. “The lymphatic program is a channel of vessels that carry white blood cells and lymph fluid which can be our immune’s defense from toxins and infections,” describes Dr. In India, Ayurvedic drugs has fairly advanced formulas with thirty or maybe more substances, which include a sizable variety of components which have gone through "alchemical processing", selected to balance dosha.[78] An absence of sleep would make you snack far more late in the evening, makes you crave convenience foods, and leaves you also tired for regular Actual physical workout. Insufficient rest can also cease weightloss initiatives from Operating. Crush the cubes and suck the icy chips each day to supply your tummy with a gradual comforting dribble. Ginger's antinausea properties are significantly helpful in the course of pregnancy or after surgery. Some commentators have stated that Exclusive thought has to be specified to The difficulty of conflicts of curiosity in substitute medication. Edzard Ernst has said that the majority scientists into different medicine are prone to "unidirectional bias" because of a usually uncritical perception inside their picked matter.[221] Ernst cites as proof the phenomenon whereby one hundred% of the sample of acupuncture trials originating in China experienced beneficial conclusions.[221] David Gorski contrasts proof-based medicine, wherein researchers try and disprove hyphotheses, with what he suggests may be the Repeated follow in pseudoscience-centered analysis, of striving to confirm pre-existing notions.

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Steer clear of encapsulated powdered herbs simply because when vegetation are floor into powders, they’re subjected to oxidation which will cause them to deteriorate. Smoking would make your skin appear older and contributes to wrinkles. Using tobacco narrows the tiny blood vessels in the outermost levels of skin, which decreases blood move and would make skin paler. This also depletes the skin of oxygen and nutrients that are essential to skin wellbeing. [24] Use brown sugar for a gentler scrub and white sugar for an everyday scrub. You can utilize any kind of oil you need, but coconut oil or olive oil would perform greatest. Need to have something more powerful? Consider salt! Some commentators have said that Particular thought has to be supplied to the issue of conflicts of curiosity in alternative medication. Edzard Ernst has mentioned that most researchers into different medication are liable to "unidirectional bias" as a consequence of a generally uncritical belief of their preferred topic.[221] Ernst cites as proof the phenomenon whereby 100% of a sample of acupuncture trials originating in China had constructive conclusions.[221] David Gorski contrasts evidence-dependent medication, in which scientists seek to disprove hyphotheses, with what he says could be the Regular practice in pseudoscience-centered exploration, of striving to verify pre-existing notions. Short article SummaryX To consider care of your respective skin, clean your deal with two times day-to-day with heat water and a mild facial cleanser, then gently blot your skin dry using a comfortable towel. Implement a toner and moisturizer When you wash your experience, and if you’ll be outdoors for a lot more than twenty minutes, apply sunscreen. Haircare: What is it that potato juice has to offer to our hair and How can it support them mature lengthier? Let us uncover Herbal teas have numerous types of preferences, flavors and also well being Positive aspects. Allow me to share ten wholesome herbal teas you'll want to test today. In case you have dry skin, think about chilly cream like Pond's, which the French use, or make your individual natural and organic chilly product working with this simple chilly cream recipe. Simply just apply the product, then wipe off, no water required (For those who have challenging water, it might be Specially harsh on skin). Paul Offit proposed that "different drugs results in being quackery" in four means: by recommending versus typical therapies which might be practical, endorsing likely hazardous therapies without suitable warning, draining individuals' lender accounts, or by promoting "magical considering."[45] Herbal medicine blurs the road in between foods and medicines – a line that, in many cultures, was hardly ever drawn to begin with. Working with herbs and spices which have disorder-preventive influence in foods is the most effective solutions to take full advantage of their healing electricity. Ensure you get a handful of hrs of workout each week. Training will increase blood move to your skin and provides it with oxygen and nutrients. Should you physical exercise tough sufficient, the sweat may help flush out the toxins in your skin. Work out may also aid decrease anxiety.[seventeen] tea tree oil utilized topically for fungal bacterial infections which include athlete’s foot and fungal infections on the toenails and fingernails Historic Medical doctors methodically collected information about herbs and developed properly-outlined pharmacopoeias to deal with various ailments. More than 1 / 4 of all medicines made use of these days contain Lively ingredients derived from those self same ancient vegetation. any different most cancers heal is bogus by definition. There won't ever be an alternate most cancers get rid of. Why? Simply because if one thing looked halfway promising, then mainstream oncology would scrutinize it, and if there is anything to it, it could develop into mainstream Practically immediately and very quickly.

The 5-Second Trick For natural remedies

Constantly rinse out conditioner (which ought to go on hair ends) with cold water to seal the cuticle and market glow. Discover what you are able to do to avoid colds and the flu. We will Supply you with various tips to maintain you wholesome and delighted, from taking in environmentally friendly vegetables to… Generally make use of your ring finger to apply moisturizer or concealer to the eye region. It places the least number of force to the skin. Haircare: Exactly what is it that potato juice has to offer to our hair and How can it aid them increase for a longer time? Let us determine "I slumber with my hair divided into two loose buns, secured using a scrunchie, to keep my strands clean. For introducing volume in the morning, I rely upon Osis Dust Itthe powder soaks up extra oils and adds lift to roots."Lara Eurdolian, Rather Related A makeup brush is made use of to apply makeup onto the facial area. There are two different types of makeup brushes: artificial and natural. Synthetic brushes are greatest for product items while natural brushes are perfect for powder items. In the European Union, the manufacture, labelling, and provide of cosmetics and personal care products are controlled by Regulation EC 1223/2009.[70] It relates to every one of the countries of the EU and Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland. This regulation applies to one-individual providers producing or importing only one products as well as to substantial multinationals. Makers and importers of beauty goods need to comply with the applicable regulations to be able to provide their items within the EU. Right before participating in almost any complementary health-related approach, including the utilization of natural or herbal remedies, you should be informed that numerous of such procedures have not been evaluated in scientific research. Use of these remedies in connection with over the counter or prescription prescription drugs can cause significant adverse reactions. Frequently, only constrained facts is offered about their safety and efficiency. Each individual condition and each willpower has its possess policies about no matter whether practitioners are necessary to be professionally licensed. If you propose to visit a practitioner, it is recommended that you select a person that is accredited by a regarded national Firm and who abides because of the Business's benchmarks. It is often most effective to talk to your Principal well being care supplier before beginning any new therapeutic strategy. ) for medical problems. Any point out Within this Site of a particular services or products, or recommendation, isn't going to stand for an endorsement of that product or service, or support, or skilled suggestions. This website works by using cookies to make sure you get the most beneficial encounter. By using our Web-site you comply with our usage of cookies. Find out more Contact Us About Us Disclaimer Privacy Policy Report a Web site Get ½ to 1 teaspoon of crampbark tincture each and every two hours on the days within your worst cramps. Test-tube experiments exhibit that this North American plant performs as a muscle mass relaxant to immediately decrease painful spasms. Hardly ever Enable a stylist interfere With all the natural hairline on your own neck. The hair There is certainly cowlicklike and will stick out when it grows. A highlight brush, often called a admirer brush, has bristles that are generally unfold out and is particularly employed to apply in which the Sunshine would naturally strike. Some study testimonials have shown that inhaling chamomile steam may also help decrease symptoms of a cold, such as a sore throat. Osteoarthritis contributes to not comfortable or disabling joint pain, but home remedies for osteoarthritis soreness relief might help.

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As an alternative, spritz your hair that has a depart-in conditioner after which you can detangle it with a wide-toothed comb. This may take out knots and clean out your hair without the need of jeopardizing hurt. Instead, You need to use your fingers.

It relies on the type of conditioner. Nope! Unless of course you will be only utilizing a deep conditioner, the type of conditioner shouldn't alter the frequency of conditioning. You should definitely use a conditioner that matches your hair kind. Decide One more reply! https://en.search.wordpress.com/?src=organic&q=natural+remedies -reduction systems get the job done. Most thorough Health and fitness systems do the job. The issue would not lie While using the applications--the trouble lies in The very fact Those people courses involve these kinds of key changes to our daily activities and lifestyles. Here are some ingesting practices which, when you've built them aspect of your respective routine, will have you set up for life. Surely not! This will most likely bring about your hair for being dry and brittle. Use blow dryers along with other hair styling tools sparingly. Choose Yet another solution! "Packaged foods are typically larger in Unwanted fat, salt and sugar than food stuff cooked from scratch, even though lacking nutrients and fibre," she suggests. Through 2012 we brought you hair care and hair procedure strategies from experts throughout the hair health market. If the hair care guidelines ended up for humidity, summer months warmth or winter winds, the typical notion guiding all of them was this: Hair health and fitness is a reflection of how healthy or unhealthy your daily life is. Spend money on your health and fitness now to prevent purchasing it bigtime in the future. Meaning go to the medical professional and dentist as normally as the professionals endorse — that features checkups for gynecological overall health, eye tests, complete physical tests, and much more. Will not waste your time and efforts adopting the latest stylish eating plan or the current Health fad. Irrespective of how remarkable This system, go all in and also you're incredibly unlikely to stick to it. Then rinse it carefully to get rid of the beer odor. Try this course of action the moment weekly for salon easy hair. It is recommended that people with sinus and chilly need to stay away from applying this treatment method./p Will not get far too hung up on nutritional values; just choose a bar that features ten or 15 grams of protein (think protein bar, not Electrical power bar) and you will be wonderful. How you're feeling while you're awake is drastically dependent on the standard of slumber you might be acquiring during the night. A lot more analysis is displaying just how crucial it truly is for people to be one particular with character. And in some cases just residing in close proximity to it helps. As an illustration, those who Are living close (within just about a 50 %-mile) to an excellent level of environmentally friendly space are more healthy than those that Reside farther faraway from it, In accordance with a 2009 review released within the Journal of Epidemiology & Neighborhood Wellness. 21/21 pstrong20# Suggestion For Hair Carebr //powerful/p pstrongNeem Leaves /robust/p pYou can wash hair that has a paste constructed from Neem leaves. This is especially helpful for hair reduction brought about as a consequence of too much Develop up of scalp oil or invasive pores and skin infections./p

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This way, you don't equate "healthy" with "tasteless," a way of thinking which will knock you off the veggie bandwagon fast. An additional idea: purchase a spiralizer and make zucchini noodles. Topped off having a prosperous tomato sauce, you can expect to experience such as you're eating pasta. They clean your scalp and hair, departing the Grime from it. But some scientists also recommend they strip your hair of crucial oils. They are also why your eye stings when shampoo operates down the facet of your respective face. If you feel almost any discomfort within the scalp or find your hair drying up with time then attempt to purchase a shampoo that is sulfate-no cost. It's also wise to subscribe to healthy messages on the internet and in social media marketing. Researchers have found that each day reminders can have a big effect on weight-loss good results. Hair might be harmed by chemical publicity, extended or recurring warmth publicity (as throughout the use of heat styling equipment), and by perming and straightening. Oil is unsafe for rough hair and for dry scalp as it decreases nourishment for hair bringing about split and hair fall. When hair behaves in an unconventional way, or possibly a scalp skin condition occurs, it is commonly required to stop by not simply an experienced doctor, but often a dermatologist, or simply a trichologist. Every person receives into an average plan the place they are doing exactly the same thing virtually on a daily basis. Nevertheless, there are numerous solutions to blend up your agenda a tad so that you can consider new things. Changing your regime will help you problem you and study new factors. Toughness coaching will help Your entire body trade Fats for muscle mass mass. That means you can burn a lot more energy even if you're staying a sofa potato. It will not issue if It really is chips from a bag, crackers away from a offer or ice product out in the tub, normally portion out Whatever you're taking in into a single-serving dish. As an example, faux you have an unhealthy pattern of consuming two bowls of ice product each night. Slicing this right down to one particular bowl or simply just 50 percent a bowl is producing progress in direction of the healthy habit of chopping down on unhealthy foodstuff. And inside of a working day or two at most that thorough software begins to really feel oppressive. Sticking with every single alter starts to really feel unattainable. "I did not wish to really feel deprived as I had in previous makes an attempt to lose body weight," she claims. The worst matter you can do is be as well demanding, then rebound by overeating because you're not happy. Poor habits may undoubtedly be tricky to split, but when you finally have the ability to get inside the regime of practicing healthy patterns, you will not regret your selection to make the effort. Obtaining versatile muscles will help to cut back any soreness in Your system, and also to enhance your posture. Stretching may boost your muscular stability by realigning the tissues in Your whole body, which will decrease the energy that is needed to maintain harmony. Strengthen your Strength, fall pounds, and truly feel happier than ever before with these diet program tweaks. Start Slideshow Just about every product or service we attribute continues to be independently chosen and reviewed by our editorial crew. When you make a order using the inbound links included, we could get paid commission. But is deciding on the correct variety of foodstuff plenty of? The answer is usually a resounding no. Together with the suitable style of foods, we have to also learn how to try to eat the appropriate way. Whilst there isn't any set guideline to comply with, here are a few do's and don’ts that kind a Element of healthy foodstuff habits.

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Tender coconut drinking water-This is a nutritious beverage may be used as oral rehydration medium, nonetheless in patient obtaining hyper kalaemia like renal failure, acute adrenal insufficiency and in patients with low urine output, it ought to be prevented. Vitamin D aids in bone growth and improvement and it's essential for absorption of calcium. Children get most of their Vitamin D from sunlight and a little volume from some food items objects like (fish oils, fatty fish, mushrooms, cheese and egg yolks). Salt is an important ingredient of the diet. The majority of people don't know the level of salt they take in. Significant salt consumption and inadequate potassium intake (under 3. Lunch at operate Do you know lunch is just as important as breakfast? In other words, don’t skip lunch: you need it daily! A nutritious lunch provides you with the Power for getting via an afternoon of labor... Seen fats are those who are separated from their pure sources including ghee/butter from milk, cooking oils from oil bearing seeds and nuts. It is simple to observe their ingestion. Elders frequently complain of loss of urge for food or in some cases trouble in chewing. A gentle diet ought to be given to elders, with inclusion of fruits and veggies in their diet. Calcium prosperous foods like dairy solutions (lower Extra fat), milk (toned) and eco-friendly leafy veggies must be A part of the everyday diet to keep up bone well being, In order to stop osteoporosis and bone fractures. Animal goods will also be the major supply of contamination for pesticide residues in human diets For the reason that animals feed on fodder, which happen to be sprayed with pesticides. Force cooking, frying and baking will take away pesticide residues in the animal Unwanted fat tissues. Meat and poultry Meat and poultry are an awesome supply of protein and lots of other nutrients your body requires. Check your suggested ingestion of meat and poultry and check out to stick with it... Proteins are necessary for growing muscle mass, and the very best reduced saturated Fats normal sources of protein are egg whites and minimal-Body fat dairy. Take in Uncooked fruits and greens Every time attainable. It really is even preferable to own fruits and Uncooked greens instead of munching on snacks. encouraging transnational, countrywide and native food items solutions and catering outlets to Increase the nutritional top quality in their foods – making certain the availability and affordability of healthy decisions – and critique portion dimensions and pricing. It should be a nicely-well balanced and nutritious diet, made up of every one of the vital natural vitamins, minerals, necessary fats, and nutrients or else your body can get severely tousled and the effects are going to be mirrored in the lifeless, limp hair, uninteresting, rough pores and skin in conjunction with extreme tiredness and lethargy. Food items allergy and intolerance Food stuff allergy can be an immune response, although food items intolerance is actually a chemical response... Instantaneous foods- Foods that endure Exclusive processing for all set to be served after dissolved or dispersed in a liquid with lower cooking time such as noodles, corn flakes, soup powder.

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mdshariful · 3 years ago

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samantawill74 · 4 years ago

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Flexible Plastic Packaging Market Current Scenario Trends, Comprehensive Analysis and Regional Forecast to 2030

In this report, Future Market Insights offers a 10-year forecast of the global flexible plastic packaging market between 2018 and 2028. In terms of value, the global flexible plastic packaging market is expected to expand at a CAGR of 5.2% during the forecast period. The study reveals the dynamics of the flexible plastic packaging market in seven geographic segments along with a market analysis for the current flexible plastic packaging market environment and future scenario over the forecast.

Report Description

This Future Market Insights report studies the global flexible plastic packaging market for the period 2018–2028. The prime objective of this report is to offer insights and key flexible plastic packaging market trends pertaining to the flexible plastic packaging market that are gradually helping transform global businesses.

The global flexible plastic packaging market report begins with an executive summary for various categories and their share in the flexible plastic packaging market. It is followed by the flexible plastic packaging market dynamics and an overview of the global flexible plastic packaging market, which includes FMI analysis of market drivers, restraints, opportunity analysis, and trends that are affecting the growth of the market. Furthermore, to understand the popularity of the flexible plastic packaging segment, an attractiveness index and market share analysis with elaborated insights on the same are provided. These will show the flexible plastic packaging market’s attractiveness based on factors such as CAGR, incremental opportunity, and estimated market share in 2018. To show the performance of the flexible plastic packaging market in each country and region, BPS and Y-o-Y growth analysis are provided.

The global market for flexible plastic packaging is segmented as per material type, product type, packaging type, and end-use. On the basis of material type, the global market for flexible plastic packaging is segmented into oil base polymers and bioplastics. On the basis of product type, the global market for flexible plastic packaging is segmented into pouches, bags & sacks, tubes, sleeve labels, and films & wraps. On the basis of packaging type, the global flexible plastic packaging market is segmented on the basis of VSP (vacuum skin packaging), MAP (modified atmospheric packaging), and general barrier. On the basis of end-use, the global flexible plastic packaging market is segmented on the basis of food, beverages, personal care, homecare, pharmaceuticals, industrial packaging, and others.

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The next section of the report highlights the flexible plastic packaging market by region and provides the market outlook for 2018–2028. The study investigates the Y-o-Y growth regionally, as well as analyses the drivers that influence the regional flexible plastic packaging market. Main regions assessed in this report include North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, the Asia Pacific and the Middle East & Africa (MEA). The report evaluates the present scenario and growth prospects of the regional flexible plastic packaging market for 2018–2028.

To ascertain the flexible plastic packaging market size in terms of value and volume, the revenue generated by key manufacturers of the flexible plastic packaging market and their respective production capacity is taken into consideration. The forecast presented here assesses the total revenue generated by value, across the flexible plastic packaging market. In order to provide an accurate forecast, we initiated by sizing up the current flexible plastic packaging market, which forms the basis of how the flexible plastic packaging market is expected to develop in the future. Given the characteristics of the flexible plastic packaging market, we triangulated the outcome on the basis of three different types of analysis- based on the supply side, downstream industry demand, and the economic envelope. Additionally, it is imperative to note that in an ever-fluctuating global economy, we not only conduct forecasts in terms of CAGR but also analyze the flexible plastic packaging market based on key parameters, such as year-on-year (Y-o-Y) growth rates, to understand the predictability of the flexible plastic packaging market, and identify the right opportunities across the market.

The market segments for the global flexible plastic packaging market have been analyzed in terms of basis point share (BPS) to understand the individual segment’s relative contributions to the growth of the flexible plastic packaging market. This detailed level of information is important for identifying various key trends in the flexible plastic packaging market. Another key feature of the global flexible plastic packaging market is the analysis of key segments in terms of absolute dollar opportunity. Absolute dollar opportunity is critical for evaluating the scope of opportunity that a provider can look to achieve, as well as to identify potential resources from a delivery perspective. The overall absolute dollar opportunity along with the segmental split is mentioned in the global flexible plastic packaging market.

To understand key growth segments in terms of growth and adoption, Future Market Insights has developed the ‘Attractiveness Index.’ The resulting index should help providers identify real flexible plastic packaging market opportunities.

In the final section of the report, the ‘dashboard view’ of companies is provided, to compare the current industrial scenario and their contribution to the flexible plastic packaging market. Moreover, it is primarily designed to provide clients with an objective and detailed comparative assessment of key providers specific to a flexible plastic packaging market segment. Report audiences can gain segment-specific manufacturer insights to identify and evaluate key competitors based on the in-depth assessment of their capabilities and success in the flexible plastic packaging marketplace.

Key players operating in the global flexible plastic packaging market include Amcor Ltd., Constantia Flexibles Group GmbH, Berry Global Group, Inc., Huhtamäki Oyj, Sonoco Products Company, Bemis Company, Inc., Sealed Air Corporation, AR Packaging Group AB, Mondi Group, DS Smith Plc, CCL Industries Inc., Uflex Ltd., Winpak Ltd., Rengo Co. Ltd., Transcontinental Inc., Epac LLC, Emerald Packaging Inc., Glenroy, Inc., Schur Flexibles Group, ProAmpac LLC, Goglio Group, Bischof & Klein GmbH & Co. KG, Clondalkin Group Holdings B.V., BBC Cellpack Packaging, Bryce Corporation, Printpack, Inc., Parkside Flexibles (Europe) Limited, Lindopharm GmbH, Flair Flexible Packaging Corporation, American Packaging Corporation, Coveris Holdings S.A., and Interflex Group Inc.

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henry-jwell · 2 years ago

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Stretch Film Extrusion Line

Product description The equipment is composed by extruder, die head, sheet cast, lognitudinal stretch, transverse stretching, automatic winder and controlling system. Relying on our advanced designing and processing ability, our equipment's features are: ● Special designed lognitudinal strech roller. ● Driving and controlling system are from world famous brand. ● Controlling system is from precision PLC program. ● High stretch acuracy, high speed, and steady working status. We are able to design equipment as per customer's request with high acuracy stretch equipment: 1-10 streching ratio, width range will be 500-3000mm, thickness range will be 0.05-0.3mm. Casting film is a kind of film produced by melt casting quenching. There are two ways: single-layer casting and multi-layer coextrusion casting. Compared with film blowing, it is characterized by fast production speed, high output, and excellent transparency, gloss and thickness uniformity of the film. Tape casting film has excellent heat sealing performance and excellent transparency. It is one of the main packaging composite substrates. It is used to produce high-temperature cooking film and vacuum aluminizing film. The market is very promising. Moreover, with the development of domestic casting film production equipment, some technical indexes have reached the international advanced level. 1). The domestic casting film production line can be divided into 2500mm, 3000mm, 3500mm and 5000mm according to the film width, and can be divided into three layers, five layers and seven layers according to the configuration of extruder. 2). The casting film production line is mainly composed of extrusion part, casting part, corona part, winding part and electric control part. The mold part and extrusion part can be combined freely according to the requirements of customers, so as to meet the different needs of customers (market) to the greatest extent. 3). In addition, the design of domestic equipment also follows the international advanced level, such as: A. The unique design of extrusion device can freely adjust the pressure of extruder. B. The unique design of screw runner can be applied to different materials to realize multi-purpose of one machine. C. The flow channel design of the roller has better cooling effect, more stable product quality and higher output. D. The line speed of domestic casting film production line has reached the level of 160m / min-350m / min. 4). Compared with imported equipment, domestic casting film production line also has the characteristics of high speed, stable performance, environmental protection and energy saving. Read the full article

#CastingFilmExtrusionMachine #EVAFilmExtrusionMachine #POEFilmExtrusionMachine #StretchFilmExtrusionMachine #TPUHigh-elasticFilmCo-extrusionMachine #TPUHotMeltFilmExtrusionMachine #TPUTransparentFilmExtrusionMachine

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nichromepackaging · 3 years ago

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TRAY SEALING SIMPLIFIED BY NICHROME

Companies in the food & beverage industry know how critical packaging is for keeping food fresh and preventing deterioration. Packaging also plays a crucial role in attracting customers and making the food easily transportable. Tray sealing is a newish trend that looks like it's here to stay.

Nichrome is happy to introduce you to this new technology for food packaging.

What are Tray Sealers?

Tray sealers are automated packaging machines that apply plastic film lids to trays of varying materials, sizes, shapes and depths. They are also known as heat sealers, top sealers or tray lidding machines. The versatility of this technology makes it the optimal solution for packaging fresh produce, meats, frozen meals, ready-made meals, snacks and more. In India, their application is growing in the snacks and sweetmeats section with a large number of mithai and savoury items being packaged in thermoformed trays.

How do Tray Sealers work?

Tray Sealers come in two basic formats: semi-automatic and automatic. The process begins with the product-filled trays entering the in-feed conveyor where they get indexed and spaced. They are then picked up by a transfer beam to be transferred within the tooling. The seal plate picks up the product-filled trays and lifts them against the film. The film and trays are then compressed against the heated upper tooling to activate the sealing properties against the tray, while simultaneously cutting the film. Finally, after the necessary seal dwell time has elapsed, the seal station lowers the trays back down and ejects them to the out-feed of the machine.

Tray Sealers from Nichrome

Nichrome, India’s leading provider of automatic packaging machines and integrated packaging solutions has tied up with Tecnovac, Italy to bring the latest MAP tray sealing technology to India’s food industry. The offerings include:

Athena: This is an automatic tray sealer for small to medium production scale, designed for longevity and continuous operation in aggressive environments. The simple and intuitive interface makes it the best choice for most users. Athena is capable of packaging in modified atmosphere any combination of compatible trays and top film studied for such applications. Thanks to the Athena’s strong stainless steel structure, easy maintenance and conformity to hygienic requirements, this machine is ideal for use in small and medium sized companies.

Athena is available in different versions: only sealing, sealing and MAP, sealing/MAP/SKIN, and for trays up to 250mm high.

Olympia: This semi-automatic machine has been designed to package food in sealing alone, in a modified atmosphere or with “SKIN effect”. The compact size and simple use make this machine the ideal choice for those entering the world of professional packaging.

Built entirely in stainless steel, it is fitted with the best components on the market to guarantee performance and reliability.

Olympia too is available in different versions: sealing alone, sealing/gas-vacuum, sealing/gas-vacuum/SKIN-SKIN PROTRUDING, and for high packages up to 250 mm.

Olympia PRO: The Olympia PRO model has been developed to easily pack foods in pre-formed trays.

The semi-automatic configuration with the rotary table and the two vacuum chambers, maximizes the production! In fact, during the packaging cycle, it’s possible to unload and load up the second chamber, increasing productivity.

Why Nichrome?

Since Nichrome developed India's first indigenous milk packaging machine in 1977, they have been at the forefront of next-generation packaging technologies; a brand trusted for its rich legacy of pioneering innovation, extensive domain knowledge and manufacturing competency in packaging systems.

For enterprises big and small, for applications existing and emerging, Nichrome offer infinite possibilities in integrated, automated packaging solutions - as they partner with customers through the complete lifecycle, offering application-specific solutions, backed by dependable service and support.

Based in Pune, India, Nichrome’s sales & service network spans India and the world. They have presence in 45 countries and more than 10,000 successful installations worldwide.

Conclusion

Nichrome's tray sealing solutions, for mithai manufacturers and makers of Indian snacks, ready meals, fresh produce, etc., the Tecnovac range offers unmatched advantages, matched by Nichrome's proven expertise, sales & service network, and sound installation support.

#tray sealing solutions #automatic packaging machines #integrated packaging solutions #tray sealing technology #automatic tray sealer #milk packaging machine #automated packaging solutions

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robinmark · 4 years ago

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Flexible Plastic Packaging Market will generate new growth opportunities by 2028

Report Description

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easyfoodnetwork · 4 years ago

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What Can Chipotle Teach Us About Mexican Food?

White-centered food narratives appear most often at major chains. It’s time to hold them accountable.

I’m a professional chef, and up until three years ago, I had no idea what barbacoa really meant.

I thought I did. I’d eaten my fair share of “barbacoa” at Chipotle, where its shredded-beef burrito was my splurge order. But on a tour of Xochimilco, a tapestry of canals and artificial islands that was once a major source of local produce for Mexico City, Paco, my tour guide, took me to his favorite barbacoa stall, where we were greeted with three juicy tacos and a bowl of lamb broth to wash it all down. When I mentioned that I’d thought barbacoa was only beef, he gave me a quizzical look: “Oh yeah? Where have you been eating barbacoa?”

As a chef, I was a little embarrassed by my lack of knowledge. But as someone deeply convinced that food is an extension of identity, who has experienced first-hand the harmful impacts of stereotypes seeping into cultural norms and is now actively working toward changing them, I was horrified at how easily I accepted something completely stripped of cultural context sold to me by a chain.

But such is the world of giant quick-service and fast-casual business: Find interesting, “trendy,” flavorful ideas from any culture, dilute them into their most mass-marketable forms, and reap monetary gain without acknowledging the sources. Although these chains, due to sheer size and reach, are often representing certain dishes or cuisines to large swaths of people — sometimes for the first or only time — they do very little to contextualize the foods they serve. So far, these companies have experienced little pushback and are under no compulsion to change. But as we reckon with the complicated intersection of social and political structures behind food, we have an opportunity to demand a very different future for fast casual.

Barbacoa’s history is a fascinating case study of Caribbean “barbecue” (aka barbacoa) evolving as it moved through Mexico, where lamb or mutton would be wrapped in maguey leaves and steamed underground, and into Texas, where cattle heads were substituted for sheep due to regional availability. It is a laborious process, hence why devotees happily line up for chefs they believe can work magic in the meat, like Cristina Martinez of Philadelphia’s South Philly Barbacoa.

While the final shredded texture of beef barbacoa may resemble that of Chipotle’s “slow-cooked beef combined with water” — as it’s described by Chipotle’s culinary director, Chad Brauze — it comes nowhere close to representing barbacoa technique. In calling this filling “barbacoa,” a sharp contrast to its straightforward “chicken” and “steak,” Chipotle has found an easy way to add a marketable tinge of foreignness to its menu to back up its cred as a “Mexican” grill.

This is not to say food can’t, or shouldn’t, evolve. The very core of food culture is adaptation to new environments, new palates, new people, new ingredients — and these exchanges are not always peaceful or mutually beneficial. Barbacoa has changed over time to include beef as a common protein choice, Spam musubi is now a well-loved Hawaiian staple, and so forth — but ignoring history in search of “approachability” only serves to entrench distorted power dynamics that persist to this day.

As barbacoa becomes another “familiar” option on the steam table, we must examine who has the power to force the process of adaptation and assimilation for profit, and who does not. In the case of food, all that PR fluff about bringing people together completely misses — or perhaps purposefully conceals — the truth that with power, the food of another culture can become a mere commodity, a cog in the wheel of capitalism separate and distinct from the people closest to it.

At $4.9 billion in revenue and close to 2,500 locations as of 2018, Chipotle’s influence is undeniable. “One of the best things about Chipotle is our reach ... in many diverse communities throughout the United States and beyond,” Brauze said in an email. Yet when it comes to educating this diverse audience — some of whose view of “Mexican” food has been shaped specifically by Chipotle’s interpretation — he deflects observations of the chain’s responsibility. “We hope that all people will arm themselves with a greater knowledge of where their food comes from, what ingredients are utilized, and how it’s prepared.”

Maybe it is too much to expect a giant company like Chipotle, run by a primarily white C-suite and most famed for an efficient assembly line, to provide an anthropological perspective for each dish. But what is the inflection point of scale and profit where accountability also sets in, whether it feels “fair” or not?

Nomenclature is arguably the most visible — and therefore hotly contested — aspect of food representation. To have the ability to name something is power, and to proliferate that name widely is influence. At Noodles & Company, with 460 locations and a revenue of $458 million in 2018, dishes are titled “Japanese Pan Noodles” or “Spicy Korean Beef Noodles,” harking back to a likely inspiration (yakisoba) or arbitrary ingredient choice (gochujang). It’s easy to assume these are the results of a flippant naming process, but they’re in fact quite deliberate; as the chain’s executive chef, Nick Graff, explains, names are determined after conducting “online screening tests and taste panels where guests can tell us what naming convention best represents their expectations once they have experienced the dish.”

Consumers do not produce these flattened, generic names in a vacuum. It’s a result of centuries of blurring and erasure of geographic, historical, and cultural nuance, socialized into an idea that “other” places are more homogenous and less important. Consistent exposure to governmental and corporate propaganda has reduced vast regions like “Asia,” “Africa,” and “the Middle East” into amorphous descriptors barely varied enough to distinguish, their differences of little regard, and the essence of their cuisine easily distilled into a few fried wonton strips or a pinch of garam masala.

Generic menu names are the result of centuries of erasure of geographic, historical, and cultural nuance.

Within this self-reinforcing cycle, it’s unsurprising to see examples like Wendy’s limited-run “Asian” Cashew Chicken Salad, a riff on “Chinese” chicken salad that conflates China with Asia and disregards its complicated roots in assimilation and cultural adaption. (Wendy’s declined to comment for this story.) Even a trip to the grocery store yields similar findings: Enter Trader Joe’s painfully stereotyped Trader Ming’s line, which sells blurry pan-Asian items like Kung Pao Tempura Cauliflower in a package accentuated by a “Chinese”-ish font. (Recently, Trader Joe’s vowed to rebrand its “ethnic” lines, but has since reversed course.)

It’s easy to dismiss these collective occurrences as a byproduct of capitalism, to make excuses for the middle managers who aren’t willing to risk their own necks to push back. But food has always been entrenched in Western colonization, imperialism, and enslavement, and it continues to shape (and change) public opinion. The way we allow these national and international chains to treat a food culture implicitly shows the respect (or lack thereof) we have for the people represented by these cuisines — and it is with this backing that appropriative, white-centered food narratives can take place.

For instance, Google searches for “Nashville hot chicken” jumped from an interest index of 4 to 100 after KFC released its version in January 2016, with the New Yorker calling it a “viral sensation.” Yet no part of KFC’s marketing includes a mention of Prince’s, where the dish originated. (KFC declined to comment for this story.) The chasm left by KFC’s silence gives way to a very different, white narrative. Within the year, Food Republic treated the African-American soul of hot chicken as a mere footnote: “Prince’s Hot Chicken Shack may have created hot chicken in the 1930s ... but Hattie B’s has made hot chicken cool,” it said of a newer hot chicken contender in Nashville, after calling Hattie B’s chef “the man who launched the Nashville hot chicken craze.”

This erasure of foodways has further manifested in disasters like “pho gate,” where Bon Appétit anointed a white male chef as the expert on pho, allowing him to bend the narrative of an iconic Vietnamese dish with his own “rules”; Andrew Zimmern’s restaurant Lucky Cricket, where the celebrity chef insulted “horseshit” Chinese restaurants to tout his own “authenticity,” ignoring the foundation laid by early Chinese restaurateurs adjusting to an American palate and subsequent creation of a distinct Chinese-American cuisine; and Kooks, the Portland, Oregon, burrito cart whose two young female entrepreneurs proudly admitted to snooping their way into the intellectual property of “tortilla ladies” in Puerto Nuevo, Mexico, in order to profit off of their techniques back home.

These are far from the only times Black culture has been co-opted or immigrants’ contributions dismissed. But the stakes are now higher than ever. Stripping food from its undoubtedly political history in order to offer a sanitized version digestible by the majority allows for the frightening notion that minorities are separate and distinct from what they offer to the country. It suggests that after “we” as Americans have harnessed what we want from them, those people can be discarded.

Protesters shouted at Kirstjen Nielsen for dining at a Mexican restaurant after escalating the “zero tolerance” immigration policy in 2018, but her actions are eerily consistent with those of her predecessors. In the 19th century, Chinese restaurants were lauded as having some of the best food in the country; in spite of that, anti-Chinese political rhetoric was widespread enough to pass the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act — after Chinese laborers had been hired specifically to construct the most hazardous points of the transcontinental railway — which was not repealed until 1943.

How and when foods and cultures are embraced by a historically white-dominant America has had hefty implications. Without racial, socioeconomic, and political power, without the right “image,” ideas command little value — at most they are trendy, at worst “indecent” or even “criminal” if embraced by the minority. But demographics are changing: According to the Brookings Institute, at 45 percent minority, millennials are the most diverse adult generation in U.S. history (Gen Z will be even more so), and this presents an opportunity to push back on problematic nomenclature and representation.

If the actions of these big companies have demonstrated anything, it is that there is power in numbers. It is up to our generation to scrutinize these brands, whose reach permeates our lives on the daily, whose executives (inaccurately) treat America as though they are as white as they are, whose menus and messaging influence the next wave of restaurateurs and food entrepreneurs. One start would be for Chipotle to consider an accurate rebranding of its barbacoa to “shredded beef.”

To light the way, a new wave of fast casuals is actively changing the status quo. For these restaurateurs, the first step has been to hold their own menus accountable.

“A big issue we faced as operators [of a healthy Indian concept] was finding a way to meet consumers midway with their vision of Indian food and what we wanted to present them with,” explains Viraj Borkar, co-creator and culinary director of Inday, an Ayurvedic-based Indian chain. Now in its fifth year, Inday has learned its own lessons: a smooth chickpea puree originally called “chickpea masala” went through a sequence of name changes so as to not misrepresent it to those unfamiliar. (Now it’s no longer on the menu.) The “cauliflower biryani” was further clarified to give the backstory of biryani while explaining the Inday version as non-traditional, with its base of “cauliflower ‘rice’” now available separately on the menu. Borkar stands by the statement that “it is the fast casual’s job to educate people and give clarity” on what it is offering, which sometimes means the company needs to scrap a product causing more harm than good, and start over.

Lucas Sin, a 2019 Eater Young Gun and the culinary director of Junzi, a Chinese fast-casual chain, emphasizes this notion of education with the prevalent use of Chinese characters throughout his menu. No one dish is titled as if it represents a region, even if the flavor combinations may hail from one, and unfamiliar ingredients are deliberately not renamed so guests must actively learn what they are. Finding a balance between the “60 seconds or so” guests take to assess the menu and the terminology he deems important to promote has not been easy. Furu tofu, for example, a lacto-fermented type of tofu unfamiliar to most American consumers, is used throughout the menu and elicits questions, which Junzi’s staff is trained to answer thoroughly.

“The future of fast casual is not to tell people, ‘This is what you should eat because that’s what’s affordable.’”

“[One of the few terms] we’ve ever made up is our Jaja sauce,” Sin says. Because the Junzi sauce resembles the classic zha jiang sauce in flavor, but doesn’t have the ground pork component, he opted to create a phonetically similar word for it.

It is possible to reset the framework for making and serving foods from other backgrounds, too. Sofia Luna, president of Sophie’s Cuban, a Cuban fast-casual chain, hails from Lima, Peru, but saw that Cuban food was particularly popular among the Latinx community in the Financial District, where her family first started operating food stands. To open the restaurant, they brought on Cuban chef Eduardo Morgado to create the menu (with most items still available today) not just as a consultant or research and development chef, but an active owner of the business.

In particular, Luna has paid attention to the implications of naming: “If something is tweaked or modified, we want to be transparent with our customer. Our ‘Pernil with a Twist’ was named that way to ensure customers knew they were not getting a traditional pernil sandwich.”

Chef JJ Johnson of Field Trip, a rice-centered fast-casual restaurant with two locations in New York City, sees menus as a way to celebrate and expand, not marginalize, consumer perceptions of its roots by providing cultural context. As the menu spans many cuisines, from a loosely Thai-inspired sticky rice shrimp dish with green curry (simply titled “Shrimp”) to a jollof-style basmati rice bowl (“Veggie”), Johnson is adamant that “every culture deserves specificity” and “we don’t call something for a selling point, like ‘The Jamaican Bowl,’ because that’s just lazy.”

“Take jollof, for example,” he explains, “it’s a tomato-based rice, and jollof is about the preparation of the rice. The inspiration of the overall bowl [Veggie] comes from India. It’s somewhat similar to biryani [the bowl uses basmati rice]. We have a map showing people where the rice is from, and we lead with service by explaining the technique behind the rice. So if someone asks for ‘Spanish rice,’ we can say, ‘What kind of Spanish rice?’ and show them how there are styles, and there are regions.” By using straightforward language accented with in-person dialogue, Johnson is demonstrating that no restaurant “has” to lean on tired tropes to express flavor.

And it’s working: All of these fast casuals have seen steady engagement from customers since opening, disproving the idea that consumers exclusively care about convenience. The owners attribute part of this brand loyalty to their larger commitment to raising conscientiousness and increasing community access to new foods and food cultures. “Every community needs some sort of impact structure to improve,” Johnson says. “I opened in Harlem because I was tired of people telling Black and brown folks that we don’t care about what we eat. The future of fast casual is not to tell people, ‘This is what you should eat because that’s what’s affordable,’ it’s where you can understand your food, where someone can talk to you about it, where you want to try new things and expand what you know.”

These varied dishes all contribute to the growing tapestry of American cuisine, a multi-dimensional story of adaptation, innovation, and survival. Increasing a restaurant’s reach or volume does not entitle operators to shirk the responsibility of explaining the very complexities its foods are based on. Instead, we can embrace learning about food as a natural part of the eating process, each meal an opportunity to deepen our understanding of ourselves and each other.

Jenny Dorsey is a professional chef, writer, and the founder of Studio ATAO, a nonprofit community think tank working at the intersection of food, art, and social impact. Bug Robbins is a non-binary queer illustrator obsessed with printmaking, folklore, and green witchcraft. Edited by Rachel Kreiter Fact-checked by Andrea López-Cruzado

from Eater - All https://ift.tt/33wNu2R https://ift.tt/3iCMTB8

White-centered food narratives appear most often at major chains. It’s time to hold them accountable.

I’m a professional chef, and up until three years ago, I had no idea what barbacoa really meant.

Generic menu names are the result of centuries of erasure of geographic, historical, and cultural nuance.

To light the way, a new wave of fast casuals is actively changing the status quo. For these restaurateurs, the first step has been to hold their own menus accountable.

“The future of fast casual is not to tell people, ‘This is what you should eat because that’s what’s affordable.’”

from Eater - All https://ift.tt/33wNu2R via Blogger https://ift.tt/3jA38QQ

#Blogger #cooking #Eater #food #recipes

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