#Vacuum Chamber Heater

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

NASA scientists recreate Mars's spider-shaped geologic formations in lab for the first time

Tests on Earth appear to confirm how the red planet's spider-shaped geologic formations are carved by carbon dioxide.

Since discovering them in 2003 via images from orbiters, scientists have marveled at spider-like shapes sprawled across the southern hemisphere of Mars. No one is entirely sure how these geologic features are created. Each branched formation can stretch more than a half-mile (1 kilometer) from end to end and include hundreds of spindly "legs." Called araneiform terrain, these features are often found in clusters, giving the surface a wrinkled appearance.

The leading theory is that the spiders are created by processes involving carbon dioxide ice, which doesn't occur naturally on Earth. Thanks to experiments detailed in a new paper published in The Planetary Science Journal, scientists have, for the first time, re-created those formation processes in simulated Martian temperatures and air pressure.

"The spiders are strange, beautiful geologic features in their own right," said Lauren Mc Keown of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. "These experiments will help tune our models for how they form."

The study confirms several formation processes described by what's called the Kieffer model: Sunlight heats the soil when it shines through transparent slabs of carbon dioxide ice that built up on the Martian surface each winter.

Being darker than the ice above it, the soil absorbs the heat and causes the ice closest to it to turn directly into carbon dioxide gas—without turning to liquid first—in a process called sublimation (the same process that sends clouds of "smoke" billowing up from dry ice). As the gas builds in pressure, the Martian ice cracks, allowing the gas to escape. As it seeps upward, the gas takes with it a stream of dark dust and sand from the soil that lands on the surface of the ice.

When winter turns to spring and the remaining ice sublimates, according to the theory, the spiderlike scars from those small eruptions are what's left behind.

Recreating Mars in the lab

For Mc Keown and her co-authors, the hardest part of conducting these experiments was re-creating conditions found on the Martian polar surface: extremely low air pressure and temperatures as low as minus 301 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 185 degrees Celsius). To do that, Mc Keown used a liquid-nitrogen-cooled test chamber at JPL, the Dirty Under-vacuum Simulation Testbed for Icy Environments, or DUSTIE.

"I love DUSTIE. It's historic," Mc Keown said, noting that the wine barrel-size chamber was used to test a prototype of a rasping tool designed for NASA's Mars Phoenix lander. The tool was used to break water ice, which the spacecraft scooped up and analyzed near the planet's north pole.

For this experiment, the researchers chilled Martian soil simulant in a container submerged within a liquid nitrogen bath. They placed it in the DUSTIE chamber, where the air pressure was reduced to be similar to that of Mars's southern hemisphere. Carbon dioxide gas then flowed into the chamber and condensed from gas to ice over the course of three to five hours. It took many tries before Mc Keown found just the right conditions for the ice to become thick and translucent enough for the experiments to work.

Once they got ice with the right properties, they placed a heater inside the chamber below the simulant to warm it up and crack the ice. Mc Keown was ecstatic when she finally saw a plume of carbon dioxide gas erupting from within the powdery simulant.

"It was late on a Friday evening and the lab manager burst in after hearing me shrieking," said Mc Keown, who had been working to make a plume like this for five years. "She thought there had been an accident."

The dark plumes opened holes in the simulant as they streamed out, spewing simulant for as long as 10 minutes before all the pressurized gas was expelled.

The experiments included a surprise that wasn't reflected in the Kieffer model: Ice formed between the grains of the simulant, then cracked it open. This alternative process might explain why spiders have a more "cracked" appearance. Whether this happens or not seems dependent on the size of soil grains and how embedded water ice is underground.

"It's one of those details that show that nature is a little messier than the textbook image," said Serina Diniega of JPL, a co-author of the paper.

What's next for plume testing

Now that the conditions have been found for plumes to form, the next step is to try the same experiments with simulated sunlight from above, rather than using a heater below. That could help scientists narrow down the range of conditions under which the plumes and ejection of soil might occur.

There are still many questions about the spiders that can't be answered in a lab. Why have they formed in some places on Mars but not others? Since they appear to result from seasonal changes that are still occurring, why don't they seem to be growing in number or size over time? It's possible that they're left over from long ago, when the climate was different on Mars—and could therefore provide a unique window into the planet's past.

For the time being, lab experiments will be as close to the spiders as scientists can get. Both the Curiosity and Perseverance rovers are exploring the red planet far from the southern hemisphere, which is where these formations appear (and where no spacecraft has ever landed). The Phoenix mission, which landed in the northern hemisphere, lasted only a few months before succumbing to the intense polar cold and limited sunlight.

TOP IMAGE: Spider-shaped features called araneiform terrain are found in the southern hemisphere of Mars, carved into the landscape by carbon dioxide gas. This 2009 image taken by NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter shows several of these distinctive formations within an area three-quarters of a mile (1.2 kilometers) wide. Credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech / University of Arizona

CENTRE IMAGE: These formations similar to the Red Planet’s “spiders” appeared within Martian soil simulant during experiments in JPL’s DUSTIE chamber. Carbon dioxide ice frozen within the simulant was warmed by a heater below, turning it back into gas that eventually cracked through the frozen top layer and formed a plume. Credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech

LOWER IMAGE: Dark splotches seen in this example of araneiform terrain captured by NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter in 2018 are believed to be soil ejected from the surface by carbon dioxide gas plumes. A set of experiments at JPL has sought to re-create these spider-like formations in a lab. Credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech / University of Arizona

BOTTOM IMAGE: Here’s a look inside of JPL’s DUSTIE, a wine barrel-size chamber used to simulate the temperatures and air pressure of other planets – in this case, the carbon dioxide ice found on Mars’ south pole. Experiments conducted in the chamber confirmed how Martian formations known as “spiders” are created. Credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech

[k00132619]

Tuesday 12th March

✴️Did Screen printing for the very first time ever so I was shown the process from start to finish on how to do it.

✴️ The image was converted to BIF file at 300 pixels per inch, printed off and covered in cooking oil.

✴️The screen was covered in a coat of UV paint in a dark room so no UV light would enter. The excess would then be put back in the container before being washed off and dried in a heater chamber for 15 minutes.

✴️The image would carefully be placed on the screen before being placed on a special UV machine where the excess air would be vacuumed out before the UV light would turn on for 45 seconds and leave an imprint on the screen.

✴️Raised the screen slightly as I applied black ink across the screen so nothing would be printed.

✴️Then I placed the screen on the paper and spread the ink across and back then carefully removed the screen and got the finished piece on the paper and I was very pleased with it as of the details on the medal.

[sunaleisocial]

NASA Tests Deployment of Roman Space Telescope's 'Visor' - NASA

New Post has been published on https://sunalei.org/news/nasa-tests-deployment-of-roman-space-telescopes-visor-nasa/

NASA Tests Deployment of Roman Space Telescope's 'Visor' - NASA

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In this clip, engineers are testing the the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope’s Deployable Aperture Cover. This component is responsible for keeping light out of the telescope barrel. It will be deployed once in orbit using a soft material attached to support booms and remains in this position throughout the observatory’s lifetime. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

The “visor” for NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope recently completed several environmental tests simulating the conditions it will experience during launch and in space. Called the Deployable Aperture Cover, this large sunshade is designed to keep unwanted light out of the telescope. This milestone marks the halfway point for the cover’s final sprint of testing, bringing it one step closer to integration with Roman’s other subsystems this fall.

Designed and built at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, the Deployable Aperture Cover consists of two layers of reinforced thermal blankets, distinguishing it from previous hard aperture covers, like those on NASA’s Hubble. The sunshade will remain folded during launch and deploy after Roman is in space via three booms that spring upward when triggered electronically. 

“With a soft deployable like the Deployable Aperture Cover, it’s very difficult to model and precisely predict what it’s going to do — you just have to test it,” said Matthew Neuman, a Deployable Aperture Cover mechanical engineer at Goddard. “Passing this testing now really proves that this system works.”

During its first major environmental test, the sunshade endured conditions simulating what it will experience in space. It was sealed inside NASA Goddard’s Space Environment Simulator — a massive chamber that can achieve extremely low pressure and a wide range of temperatures. Technicians placed the DAC near six heaters — a Sun simulator — and thermal simulators representing Roman’s Outer Barrel Assembly and Solar Array Sun Shield. Since these two components will eventually form a subsystem with the Deployable Aperture Cover, replicating their temperatures allows engineers to understand how heat will actually flow when Roman is in space. 

When in space, the sunshade is expected to operate at minus 67 degrees Fahrenheit, or minus 55 degrees Celsius. However, recent testing cooled the cover to minus 94 degrees Fahrenheit, or minus 70 degrees Celsius — ensuring that it will work even in unexpectedly cold conditions. Once chilled, technicians triggered its deployment, carefully monitoring through cameras and sensors onboard. Over the span of about a minute, the sunshade successfully deployed, proving its resilience in extreme space conditions.

“This was probably the environmental test we were most nervous about,” said Brian Simpson, project design lead for the Deployable Aperture Cover at NASA Goddard. “If there’s any reason that the Deployable Aperture Cover would stall or not completely deploy, it would be because the material became frozen stiff or stuck to itself.”

If the sunshade were to stall or partially deploy, it would obscure Roman’s view, severely limiting the mission’s science capabilities.

After passing thermal vacuum testing, the sunshade underwent acoustic testing to simulate the launch’s intense noises, which can cause vibrations at higher frequencies than the shaking of the launch itself. During this test, the sunshade remained stowed, hanging inside one of Goddard’s acoustic chambers — a large room outfitted with two gigantic horns and hanging microphones to monitor sound levels. 

With the sunshade plastered in sensors, the acoustic test ramped up in noise level, eventually subjecting the cover to one full minute at 138 decibels — louder than a jet plane’s takeoff at close range! Technicians attentively monitored the sunshade’s response to the powerful acoustics and gathered valuable data, concluding that the test succeeded.

“For the better part of a year, we’ve been building the flight assembly,” Simpson said. “We’re finally getting to the exciting part where we get to test it. We’re confident that we’ll get through with no problem, but after each test we can’t help but breathe a collective sigh of relief!”

Next, the Deployable Aperture Cover will undergo its two final phases of testing. These assessments will measure the sunshade’s natural frequency and response to the launch’s vibrations. Then, the Deployable Aperture Cover will integrate with the Outer Barrel Assembly and Solar Array Sun Shield this fall.

For more information about the Roman Space Telescope, visit NASA’s website. To virtually tour an interactive version of the telescope, visit:

https://roman.gsfc.nasa.gov/interactive

The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope is managed at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, with participation by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Caltech/IPAC in Southern California, the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, and a science team comprising scientists from various research institutions. The primary industrial partners are BAE Systems, Inc in Boulder, Colorado; L3Harris Technologies in Rochester, New York; and Teledyne Scientific & Imaging in Thousand Oaks, California.

Download high-resolution video and images from NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio

By Laine Havens NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.

Media contact: Claire Andreoli claire.andreoli@nasa.gov NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. 301-286-1940

[chemanalystdata]

The ABCs of ABS: Unraveling the Characteristics and Uses of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (2023-2034)

This blog will focus on Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). ABS is comprised of three monomers: Acrylonitrile, Butadiene, and Styrene. In this article, we'll look at how the polymer's unique properties work together to give ABS its exceptional strength, toughness, as well as the manufacturing process. The global Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) market is likely to flourish at a moderate CAGR of 5.90% by the year 2034.

Introduction

Styrene Acrylonitrile has existed since the 1940s. While they improved toughness over pure styrene, their limits necessitated the addition of rubber (butadiene) as a third monomer. ABS consists of three major monomers: acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene.

Acrylonitrile contributes to ABS's chemical resistance and heat stability.

Butadiene enhances the toughness and impact strength of ABS.

Styrene provides ABS with rigidity and facilitates its processability.

Manufacturing Process

ABS copolymers exhibit notable toughness, superior thermal resistance, and properties that surpass those of polystyrene plastics. ABS is produced through three distinct polymerization techniques: emulsion, suspension, and mass processes.

In the Mass Process, ABS is produced by the continuous copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile monomers with Polybutadiene Rubber (PBR) or Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) using a series of reactors, aided by organic peroxide. In a sequential process, chopped PBR or SBR is added to a slurry tank containing styrene monomer. The resultant mixture is then transferred to the ABS feed batch tank for complete rubber dissolution. This concentrated rubber solution is diluted with acrylonitrile, recycled monomer, and a chain transfer agent according to product requirements before preheating prior to entering the polymerization reactors.

Polymerization Section

The polymerization section employs a unique combination of plug flow and boiling stirred tank reactors arranged in series. Organic peroxide is introduced to initiate polymerization. This reactor setup allows precise control over various parameters such as rubber grafting, phase inversion, and molecular weight. Monomer conversion increases progressively throughout the reactor system, reaching final levels between 60% to 75%. Devolatilization is achieved through either extrusion or flash chamber methods.

Devolatization

In the extrusion devolatilization approach, the product from the last reactor undergoes stripping of unreacted monomers and byproducts in an extruder devolatilization system. Alternatively, the reactor product is subjected to volatile removal in a multistage flash devolatilization system operating under vacuum. Vapors are condensed, and the resulting mixture is recycled. The devolatilized polymer melts and then pelletizes and then dried.

Applications of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS):

ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) finds numerous applications across various industries. High impact grades are utilized in the production of travelling bags, helmets, furniture, sports goods, and automotive components, while medium impact grades are employed in radiator and air conditioner grills, heavy-duty domestic appliances, and control panels. Electroplating grades find their place in TV and radio knobs, bathroom fittings, refrigerator handles, and nameplates. High flow grades are ideal for housing domestic appliances, office equipment, and cabinets of electronic devices. High heat-resistant grades are utilized in automobile components and housing for electrical heaters and dryers. Transparent grades are sought after for areas requiring high transparency and impact strength, while impact modifier grades serve as modifiers for PVC compounding across various formulations. Glass-filled grades cater to applications demanding high flexural strength and stiffness, maintaining impact and tensile properties, while extrusion grades are used in refrigerator linings and luggage production.

Automotive

The automotive industry demands stringent standards from its materials. They must remain dimensionally stable and resist warping even when subjected to extreme stresses and significant temperature fluctuations.

Electronics & Electricals

ABS stands out in this regard due to its outstanding antistatic properties, providing a distinct advantage in meeting these requirements.

Appliances

ABS finds extensive applications in appliances, encompassing appliance control panels, housings for various devices such as shavers, vacuum cleaners, and food processors, as well as refrigerator liners, among others. Household and consumer goods represent the primary domains where ABS is widely utilized. Additionally, ABS is commonly employed in the manufacturing of keyboard keycaps.

Pipes & Fittings

ABS pipes and fittings are highly liked due to their ease of installation and rust resistance, making them a popular choice in a variety of applications.

Market Outlook:

ABS is an invariable thermoplastic polymer made up of three distinct monomers: acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene, which can change in proportion. They are also referred to as engineering plastics. Acrylonitrile provides chemical and thermal stability, styrene gives the plastic a glossy sheen, and butadiene provides strength and durability. These materials are widely used in the electronic appliance and automobile industries for vehicle and auto components production. The rapid growth of the medical business has increased demand for medical equipment, which is driving market growth. Furthermore, the growing construction and aerospace industries are predicted to significantly boost the ABS sector during the projection period. The global Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) market is anticipated to reach approximately 15.7 million tonnes by 2034.

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Major Manufacturers

Significant companies in the Global Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) market are Formosa Chemicals and Fiber Corporation, LG Chem, LOTTE Chemical Corporation, Jilin Petrochemical Company, Toray Industries, CHIMEI Corporation, Tianjin Dagu Chemical Co., Ltd., and Others.

Challenges and Opportunities

While ABS possesses numerous advantageous properties, there are several restraining factors that could impact its market growth:

Environmental Concerns: ABS is derived from petrochemical sources, and its production and disposal can contribute to environmental pollution. Increasing environmental consciousness, combined with strict laws on plastic waste management and recycling, may present difficulties to the ABS market.

Competition from Alternative Materials: ABS faces competition from other engineering thermoplastics, such as polycarbonate (PC) and polypropylene (PP), which offer similar or enhanced properties in certain applications.

Conclusion:

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is a versatile polymer with numerous useful applications. It is an essential in automotives and Electrical & Electronics industries owing to its unique set of properties. The surging demand for Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) from Automotive, Home Appliances, Electrical & Electronics, and Building & Construction end-use industries, is anticipated to play a role in the demand-supply dynamics of the Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) market.

[labnics25]

Tabletop Autoclave is a tabletop steam sterilizer with an automatic pressure-temperature controller. These front-loading autoclaves combine of high temperature and pressure to bring about decontamination and sterilization of biological waste, culture media, instruments and lab ware. The inner chamber is a highly durable stainless steel with an installed electric heater for more efficient steam production and advanced vacuum for enhanced drying of discarded material. It is user-friendly and play important role in sterilization procedures across various Hospitals, Pharmaceutical companies, Biopharma and Microbiology laboratories etc.

[ridatcompany]

Ridat AVF: Automatic Vacuum Forming Machine with Dual Ceramic Heaters

Ridat's AVF Series: High-performance Industrial Vacuum Former designed for consistent production of thermoformable materials up to 12mm thickness. User-friendly touch screen controls, dual ceramic heaters, and fully sealed mould chamber. Ideal for automobile parts, aircraft components, bathtubs, toys, and more. Optional features available. Contact us today!

[libidomechanica]

Whoever saw sad men weep

A tanka sequence

               1

’ Others, when my birth of Malmsbury. And placid sand is only tears on thee beds thee, the truth, thoughtlessly, nor a calm and note.

               2

That trembling round his place! He lieutenance, and corn has been embroidery weary travelled, gladly? Then of fear; and this be so!

               3

Just observe, thy kirtle token, say, will trim. Or doe we don’t yet them is done. My darling, of what gentlemen, yet reigns a bribe.

               4

Hid from eternal ghost at all the newes know! I should suppose to death; and harbor and town till as did see, whilk stood. My blood.

               5

And ye to him. And recollects the solstice goes, be vnto Stella, fierce loves language steep; and still silverware is not evident.

               6

In the same who loved a largess give: to men were right down wi’ right perchance! He grave-damps fallen no rent, so goodly any air.

               7

Our life it was: but they scourge force. I throws do dispensed to this lost her will sing, and thy you are harlots; and like his, we knows now.

               8

The stars they help a wreath with each padlocked, on win! I turn’d aught you have them harm. And will kame the plank, and my foe: I told thornes?

               9

Woe is me! Terrifies higher than me.—Within the this task, must set a lower as she—beauty also seized her bones with ease.

               10

Of all night. To enrich through the Night with her Sleeve; or whether of the stars she had beene. Whether prayses sing of faith! They doe sings.

               11

And what he list, strange things to heal his son, if each spake worm would be not in range. By all I followers be flowrd my infinite?

               12

He listening could every heater you’ll say, had now in glory! The thunder; a dreamt the top of hand in my own beat the limits.

               13

Where dewdrops fra my chin. Not a joy,—as it no shadowe of an idol showers of such abundant two alone amid thee.

               14

Little pond of true there is me! Silent stranger dream, but who were small: with someone who had a woman, line of thy brother’s feet.

               15

And all die. Rushes of hope and hid him at a game. Unto successionate in the actors of all that place to ye, my lad.

               16

Slippery asphalte yard, within my cold brow, and for a sole accounter. Came in his lattery, for that al the hazel bower?

               17

To see, and court to hand, thy cap, thy rays! And thinke those in our owne false foul, the fruit, and the most twig that same rehearse.—Since her flow.

               18

And couched no long pauses between there must the despatches that lock of Hazeldean.—We live, there’—for which to sing, that evil luck!

               19

Within the druries their eyes and o’er the back, one again turned, then our vacuum cleaned our and traps of costliest birds, and longinge.

               20

The history of my sommers there. To things that? So present write modestly shine content. While that should have his mute and pierced to harm.

               21

For the Skirt of gall. He did not recall, to passion, or the simple sea, but flower. The plain I wonder her Sorcery.

               22

Thread, and at him seem to the God fosterity undone by night is chambers choked more fancies to each. Right is not to enioy.

               23

Of Tryermaine. At this however, and restless, He is give a pestilence the fire; yet poor jackal cry. So perish doth weeping?

               24

He found a pale light! Both our two are no pray for she will the woe that every warriors seek that is to be better used what times.

               25

With wrong or a street of all in their fishy smells towards do cary. Content and bluebells; they might staves of please nomore, and my guilt!

               26

But they waltzed and from the pangs and water, thought into the dead. You heard, they their buried the Pope a grand de Vaux of Tryermaine.

               27

A thing, and after than his heart, we just now bring thy only pass o’erflow’d by elves above. Was much, pale jessamine, fingers fine!

               28

Our veins, that so stroke of less than thing, this letchery, with the same grown but pity. But on, to the can’t was to pre-occupy.

               29

Men bell, this posture but to-night, sir Leoline; and that pines she persiflage or presented urn. Thy tyred staring eyes, the ghost?

               30

The night of two to be gone, as are rate is renown’s all on me; my spirit? And plain world, I erred in a dusky colonnade.

               31

Mary mother in his eyes on his learne obedient on martyrdom. I sweare he canvas clouded, but two and three longer.

               32

In the same��that modern youth laugh at all. Shall on fire, we must rhymed to you without someone who have spoke yours in the lily will?

               33

Me reply to be so! With wrong, have done, make finest world, each May more fit; I don’t yet sweep to the more than that make up a mask.

               34

I shall I spell there, ascendance no measures on a Minion! And wide, with lid-lashes load an absence to all men known to shame!

               35

And after I am Annie, dear mother the night that the rural ditties that till I follow women fresh-quilted couple.

               36

Was Adeline, adding only together Laws be right, in sport around him as if each Gazettes, but draw up in the grace.

               37

Not only for most. And all new surprise at eyes of people fork the winter in? I wont afore, with into fonts met in boils.

               38

And rare: and Adam’s seen in the dew. Winds have mowed, and cared as they met a passionate in the sale of her crest told it bleeding.

               39

This metaphysic to my heart that all—which lost thou, my friend of another for a ring? With Rose, and her too are innocence!

               40

I see; thou this world’s waste, but seal up the man mortal man, and Fauns with sorrow, who were none! Forced me, if bright in love potato.

               41

Undone, the last, points of burning. Or a sail flung hover any other pale kingly flows to dwell the wrinkles which now-a-day!

               42

Is display the soul in lillies filed. Each matin bell, that, Virgil I’ll she knew ye not? Ever sere, I climbed the eternal joy.

               43

She fled Lamia, now bring her adieu, dear. That if the green, so wistful joy shall like a panting hell! Or as a time the world!

               44

Come, Sleep, and Adam’s simple sea, but each May more infant joys, or wert o’ergrown Latmian sheet. Never prayses since; yet thou mayst know!

               45

Never you insisting. From amaze, vpon her lips lyke to me thus, that he was born, were na looking- glass and the star-shaped, the foe’s.

               46

Ah, less—less ill. Then the horrid selves, with leave my hands where such and sand that I mean so liuely not I thee girl and beauty dyed?

               47

The air, already strain of the article’s nane again! A word their mere lurking palfrey fresh and knew to which and I, tonight.

               48

And glorious tone. Presaging senses by last thou art a while in her from stairs: with cowslips to have you could your eccho ring.

               49

The screendoors of flattering general riband. Where you made; but oh, ye goddesses, yet may carouse, light cost, of mouth the hinges.

               50

To Russian battering pelf that shape, and then thee fleeting, turn’d. Whose thy babe’s father an’ mother death may light way I love? Or nay.

               51

Thoughtful things at all, is pitiless round and praised of thine, or, through as the half a favour His—lo! Wander not two country swain?

               52

I am thine. Seek not, but moderns equal history something scatter’d. Now just not arts,—the one throw around and will, and nerve-twitch.

               53

The sweet as Flora. Extremely good as a sort often she rose: and makes a dame! Thy end is the Herald Mercury new light!

               54

Died severely shall we love-tokens they with oats had falls and learnd of the rose in sight. The brain, in moons, or from temple to tell!

               55

—What is nipp’d, yet remain’d, in truth in withereto, more the extend. When to tire: a callow youth, with ears do greet with pain.

               56

The Owl looked so kiss. Follow out as Lord willing presented urn. Great Britain owes and—should not be so involve in all he served.

               57

All season faded, and for which prove not at all the wedding-day. She roses fought, but should much more— I’ve said she if you’re will trim.

               58

It favorite vow. Out interline is so; and as head as his own. On seruants simple noddy, I shall if they who is no lame!

               59

Souls, or skin, arranged threaten’d stinging, Die, oh! Suns are dancer, much as to stay sweeps through once all worn and seemed to explanation.

               60

Being ground my Eccho ring. Messing like light flew round the words would not night side, and cleaner breath finds have been one and elm have free.

               61

And having and pine! Scott, who crownd, where though a murky old niche, while great bard; I don’t care: and which carriage into the same night’s ghost?

[karlbrown1]

DIY Maintenance Tips to Extend the Life of Your Water Heater

Maintaining your water heater as a homeowner is essential to ensuring its durability and effectiveness.

You can save money on energy costs and prevent costly repairs or replacements by maintaining and keeping your water heater in good working order.

This article will point out some DIY maintenance tips that may help you prolong the life of your water heater and minimize the need for Water Heater Repair in Anaheim.

What are The Tools Needed For DIY Water Heater Maintenance?

There are a few basic tools you will need for DIY water heater repair in Anaheim. Here are some of the most important tools:

Socket Wrench:

A socket wrench is essential for removing the anode rod from the top of the tank for inspection or replacement.

Garden Hose:

A garden hose is needed for flushing the tank.

Bucket:

You will need a bucket to catch water when testing the pressure relief valve or flushing the tank.

Insulation Blankets and Pipe Sleeves:

These are needed for insulating the tank and pipes to reduce heat loss.

Screwdriver:

To adjust the temperature, you might need to remove the thermostat’s cover with a screwdriver.

Cleaning Brush:

If you have a gas water heater, you might need a cleaning brush to clean the burner and combustion chamber.

Shop Vacuum:

Cleaning out any sediment or debris that may have accumulated in the tank with a shop vacuum can be helpful.

It’s pertinent to remember that, depending on the make and model of your water heater, some maintenance tasks might call for additional tools.

If you’re unsure of which tools you’ll need or how to carry out a specific maintenance task, always refer to the manufacturer’s instructions or speak with a professional.

What are The Materials Needed?

In addition to the tools listed in the previous answer, here are the materials you may need for DIY water heater maintenance in Anaheim:

Anode Rod:

If the anode rod is less than ½ inch thick or coated in calcium or other deposits, it should be replaced.

Insulation Blanket and Pipe Sleeves:

These materials are used for insulating the tank and pipes to reduce heat loss.

Garden Hose:

A garden hose is required for flushing the tank.

Cleaning Solution:

A cleaning solution may be needed to clean the burner and combustion chamber of a gas water heater.

Replacement Parts:

If any parts of the water heater are damaged or need to be replaced, you may need to purchase new parts. This can include items like the pressure relief valve or drain valve.

Teflon Tape:

Teflon tape is used to seal the threads of the drain valve or any other fittings that need to be removed or replaced.

Rags or Towels:

These can be used to clean up any spills or drips that may occur during maintenance tasks.

Once more, if you’re unsure about the materials you need or how to carry out specific water heater maintenance tips, it’s necessary to refer to the manufacturer’s instructions or consult a professional.

How Long Does a Water Heater Have to Last?

A water heater’s lifespan can be affected by a number of factors, including its make and model, quality of installation, frequency of maintenance, and quality of the local water supply.

A well-maintained water heater can typically last between 8 and 12 years. With a lifespan of up to 20 years or more, tankless water heaters typically have a longer lifespan than conventional tank-style water heaters.

However, the sooner it is replaced, the better. if your water heater receives inadequate maintenance or if it sustains excessive wear and tear.

Some signs that your water heater may be nearing the end of its useful life include the ones listed below:

Frequent malfunctions or maintenance

Corrosion or rust on the tank

Water seeps out of the tank.

Fluctuating water pressure or temperature

Unusual sounds emanating from the tank

It might be time for a water heater installation in Anaheim or to repair your water heater if it is more than ten years old or if you experience any of these symptoms.

The best style and size of water heater for your needs can be chosen with the help of an expert who will give expert suggestions regarding water heater installation in Anaheim, and can also ensure that it is installed correctly for maximum performance and efficiency.

Do-it-Yourself Water Heater Maintenance Recommendations

Regularly Flush the Tank

Flushing the tank on a regular basis is one of the most crucial things you can do to keep your water heater in good condition.

The tank may become clogged with sediment and mineral deposits over time, which will make it work harder and less effective.

Once a year, tank flushing can help remove these deposits, extending the lifespan of your water heater.

Turn off the tank’s power source and cold water supply before flushing the tank. To a nearby drain or outside, connect a garden hose to the drain valve. When the water runs clear, open the drain valve and let it drain out.

Reopen the cold water supply and close the drain valve. Before turning on the power again, let the tank fill up.

Insulate the Tank and Pipes

You can reduce heat loss and lower energy costs by insulating the tank and pipes of your water heater.

The need for the water heater to frequently turn on and off is decreased by insulating the tank, which also keeps the water hotter for longer periods of time.

Most hardware stores sell pipe sleeves and insulation blankets. Turn off the tank’s power source and cold water supply to insulate it. Wrap the tank in the insulation blanket, leaving the top and bottom exposed.

To keep the blanket in place, tape its edges together. Cut the insulation sleeves to the right length for the pipes, then put them over them.

It is always best to consult an expert, If the technician finds any issues, they can recommend water heater repair in Anaheim as needed.

Test the Pressure Relief Valve

Your water heater’s pressure relief valve is a crucial security feature. It helps stop the tank from overpressurizing, which could result in an explosion.

To make sure the valve is functioning properly, test it once a year. Turn off the tank’s cold water and power supplies before testing the valve.

Put a bucket underneath the valve to catch any possible leakage of water. To let the water flow out, raise the valve’s lever.

The valve is operating properly if water flows through it freely. It might be necessary to replace the valve if it won’t open or the water won’t drain.

If you are unsure of anything, you should consider getting a water heater repair in Anaheim immediately.

Check the Anode Rod

The anode rod is a sacrificial metal rod that helps protect the tank from corrosion. Over time, the rod can become corroded and need to be replaced.

Checking the anode rod once a year can help prevent corrosion and extend the life of your water heater.

To check the anode rod, turn off the power supply and the cold water supply to the tank. Locate the anode rod on the top of the tank and use a socket wrench to unscrew it. If the rod is less than ½ inch thick or is coated in calcium or other deposits, it should be replaced.

Check for Leaks

Checking your water heater for leaks is an important part of maintenance. A leaky water heater can cause water damage and lead to the need for costly repairs or replacements. Checking for leaks once a year can help prevent these issues.

To check for leaks, visually inspect the tank and connections for any signs of water. Check the pressure relief valve and drain valve for leaks.

Conclusion

You can extend the life of your water heater and reduce your energy costs by performing simple, do-it-yourself maintenance procedures like routinely flushing the tank, insulating the tank and pipes, and testing the pressure relief valve.

Maintaining your water heater properly can also avert more expensive repairs or replacements. Homeowners can perform basic water heater maintenance on their own with the right equipment and supplies.

However, it’s important to consult the manufacturer’s instructions or a specialist if you have any questions about the correct tools and materials to use or how to complete a specific maintenance task.

To ensure that your water heater is operating effectively and safely, remember that a properly maintained water heater can last up to 12 years or longer.

Remember too, to seek expert advice on water heater repair or installation in Anaheim

EZ Leak Detection offers a wide array of services in comparison with any other plumbing company in San Diego, Orange County and Riverside California in terms of quality, commitment, pricing and customer satisfaction.

Author Bio:-

Name - Karl Brown

Karl, a marketing manager at EZ Leak Detection, loves to write about plumbing and HVAC services to make the life of the reader easier. Leakages in your property can be dangerous but not all the leaks are easily accessible. He has given extensive information about water leak and slab leak and tips to detect them quickly along with quick solutions to prevent you from inconveniences and health hazards.

Leakage problems and malfunction of appliances demand comprehensive solutions. Also, regular maintenance is not the thing to be missed for leading life with zero hassles. Read our recent post related to leakage detection and repair, alerts for HVAC shutdown and how to repair it, and installation of AC and water heater in San Diego.

Source : Maintenance Tips Extend Life Your Water Heater

[induceddraf]

Best Quality Induced Draft Fan Manufacturer in India

Teral Inc. is a reputable Induced Draft Fan manufacturer in India. We offer a diverse selection of ID fans that incorporate the latest technology and high-quality components. These fans are essential for systems such as steam boilers and thermal oil heaters, where they create a vacuum of negative air pressure to draw out and remove flue gases from combustion chambers. Our ID fans are designed to perform with utmost efficiency, and we ensure that they meet all relevant industry standards. As a leading ID fan manufacturer in India, we take pride in delivering products that are reliable, durable, and capable of handling the toughest environments. Address : Plot No.188-89,Ecotech Extensions-1, Kasana Greater Noida-201301,(Near Asian Paint) Uttar Pradesh, India

[aptplumbingsblog]

5 Fast Suggestions To Get Your Gas Heater Ready For Winter

There is nothing nicer than being at home in winter snuggling on the lounge and enjoying a nice hot drink. Many Australian homes remain nice and warm in winter thanks to the ever reliable home gas heater, its one household appliance that is almost as common as the humble, reliable air conditioner in summer months.

Just like all appliances on your home your gas heater will need to be regularly maintained to perform at its very best. However, the following tips are sure to help you get your gas heater back into its regular shape in short time.

One of the most important parts of maintaining your gas heater is to keep it clean. As with all home appliances, they should be left as clean as possible so that they function at their best. Cleaning will also help to improve your gas heating efficiency. It’s always recommended by us at APT Plumbing that you should have one of our gas fitting plumber in Sydney come and inspect your heating for any issues before the cooler months arrive.

Turn your heater on before it gets colder

We only tend to turn the heating on when the weather gets cooler, and this can be devastating should there be an issue with it. Whether it be gas or electric heating you may have no option but to call a electric heater repair technician or a gas heater repair service plumber from us at APT Plumbing.

As a precaution we recommend this be checked, and run your heater at least once per month before winter rolls in to ensure there are no operating issues that need attending to.

Clean your gas heater

While dust and dirt won’t just affect your gas heater performing it can also reduce its overall lifespan. The older and more frequently you use your heater the chances are it will get dirtier. Before cleaning your heater, be sure to make sure that the gas valve is closed. Make sure you remove the sides of the heater according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and have a vacuum or dustpan and brush ready to remove the dirt and dust within the heater unit.

After this make sure you clean the blades of the blower fan with a damp cloth, along with the rest of the blower chamber. You should also consider cleaning out the combustion chamber. If you are not confident in doing this safely then we at APT Plumbing recommend you call us so we can send one of our experienced plumbers around to clean it for you.

After the cleaning has finished being sure to check that there is nothing obstructing the heater’s vents, if there is make sure you remove them. Blocked vents can make the heater work harder than it is must and can also cause dust to accumulate quicker.

Change all the filters and clean the ducts in the floor or ceiling.

Gas heater’s filters will accumulate dust over time. You can try cleaning this but if the condition of the filter isn’t good then you are just better off replacing them. In the months leading up to winter, you should check the filters regularly to make sure they do not need replacing.

If you have a ducted heating system, it’s always a good idea to clean out these vents also and ensure there is no dust accumulated. Surprisingly dust isn’t the only thing that can get into vents so can children’s toys, food and pet hair. Simply remove any solid objects and then clean the vent grates in soapy water and allow to dry fully before relacing them again.

Make sure you check the colour of the pilot light

All gas furnaces have a pilot light and this flame should be a steady and blue flame with a yellow tip at the top. If the flame flickers when you inspect it and it is orange in colour then this is an indication that the heater isn’t burning the gas correctly. In most cases it is simply just a dirty pilot tube that can cause the issue. Cleaning the pilot tube is delicate work so call us at APT Plumbing and we can send one of our gas fitting plumbers out to clean it for you and have that heater back in working order for you.

Check for corrosion

If you have had your gas heater for a while and it is getting on in age then we suggest you check the system for corrosion, like holes or rust in the combustion chamber. Having a gas heater with leaks and turning it on in winter can be dangerous as harmful gas will be leaking into your home. Additionally bubbling and peeling paint on the gas heater may be an indication that carbon monoxide issues may be occurring. If you notice any of these signs, you need to make sure you turn off the gas heater immediately and call us so we can send out one of our plumbers to inspect immediately.

Make sure you don’t leave it too late into winter to get your gas heater serviced.

A well maintained gas heater will serve you well for the whole of winter, and last for a very long time should you have it serviced regularly by a gas instillation service in Sydney. APT Plumbers are available and experienced in servicing gas heating systems so give us a call and we can arrange for a service of your system soon.

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

NASA’s Europa Clipper Gets Set of Super-Size Solar Arrays

The largest spacecraft NASA has ever built for planetary exploration just got its ‘wings’ — massive solar arrays to power it on the journey to Jupiter’s icy moon Europa.

NASA’s Europa Clipper spacecraft recently got outfitted with a set of enormous solar arrays at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Each measuring about 46½ feet (14.2 meters) long and about 13½ feet (4.1 meters) high, the arrays are the biggest NASA has ever developed for a planetary mission. They have to be large so they can soak up as much sunlight as possible during the spacecraft’s investigation of Jupiter’s moon Europa, which is five times farther from the Sun than Earth is.

The arrays have been folded up and secured against the spacecraft’s main body for launch, but when they’re deployed in space, Europa Clipper will span more than 100 feet (30.5 meters) — a few feet longer than a professional basketball court. The “wings,” as the engineers call them, are so big that they could only be opened one at a time in the clean room of Kennedy’s Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility, where teams are readying the spacecraft for its launch period, which opens Oct. 10.

Flying in Deep Space

Meanwhile, engineers continue to assess tests conducted on the radiation hardiness of transistors on the spacecraft. Longevity is key, because the spacecraft will journey more than five years to arrive at the Jupiter system in 2030. As it orbits the gas giant, the probe will fly by Europa multiple times, using a suite of science instruments to find out whether the ocean underneath its ice shell has conditions that could support life.

Powering those flybys in a region of the solar system that receives only 3% to 4% of the sunlight Earth gets, each solar array is composed of five panels. Designed and built at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland, and Airbus in Leiden, Netherlands, they are much more sensitive than the type of solar arrays used on homes, and the highly efficient spacecraft will make the most of the power they generate.

At Jupiter, Europa Clipper’s arrays will together provide roughly 700 watts of electricity, about what a small microwave oven or a coffee maker needs to operate. On the spacecraft, batteries will store the power to run all of the electronics, a full payload of science instruments, communications equipment, the computer, and an entire propulsion system that includes 24 engines.

While doing all of that, the arrays must operate in extreme cold. The hardware’s temperature will plunge to minus 400 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 240 degrees Celsius) when in Jupiter’s shadow. To ensure that the panels can operate in those extremes, engineers tested them in a specialized cryogenic chamber at Liège Space Center in Belgium.

“The spacecraft is cozy. It has heaters and an active thermal loop, which keep it in a much more normal temperature range,” said APL’s Taejoo Lee, the solar array product delivery manager. “But the solar arrays are exposed to the vacuum of space without any heaters. They’re completely passive, so whatever the environment is, those are the temperatures they get.”

About 90 minutes after launch, the arrays will unfurl from their folded position over the course of about 40 minutes. About two weeks later, six antennas affixed to the arrays will also deploy to their full size. The antennas belong to the radar instrument, which will search for water within and beneath the moon’s thick ice shell, and they are enormous, unfolding to a length of 57.7 feet (17.6 meters), perpendicular to the arrays.

“At the beginning of the project, we really thought it would be nearly impossible to develop a solar array strong enough to hold these gigantic antennas,” Lee said. “It was difficult, but the team brought a lot of creativity to the challenge, and we figured it out.”

More About the Mission

Europa Clipper’s three main science objectives are to determine the thickness of the moon’s icy shell and its interactions with the ocean below, to investigate its composition, and to characterize its geology. The mission’s detailed exploration of Europa will help scientists better understand the astrobiological potential for habitable worlds beyond our planet.

Managed by Caltech in Pasadena, California, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory leads the development of the Europa Clipper mission in partnership with APL for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. APL designed the main spacecraft body in collaboration with JPL and NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, and Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. The Planetary Missions Program Office at Marshall executes program management of the Europa Clipper mission.

NASA’s Launch Services Program, based at Kennedy, manages the launch service for the Europa Clipper spacecraft, which will launch on a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket from Launch Complex 39A at Kennedy.

TOP IMAGE: NASA’s Europa Clipper is seen here on Aug. 21 at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Engineers and technicians deployed and tested the giant solar arrays to be sure they will operate in flight. Credit: NASA/Frank Michaux

CENTRE IMAGE: NASA’s Europa Clipper is seen here on Aug. 21 in a clean room at Kennedy Space Center after engineers and technicians tested and stowed the spacecraft’s giant solar arrays. Credit: NASA/Frank Michaux

LOWER IMAGE: This artist’s concept depicts NASA’s Europa Clipper spacecraft in orbit around Jupiter. The mission’s launch period opens Oct. 10. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

[k00132619]

Tuesday 12th March

✴️Did Screen printing for the very first time ever so I was shown the process from start to finish on how to do it.

✴️ The image was converted to BIF file at 300 pixels per inch, printed off and covered in cooking oil.

✴️The screen was covered in a coat of UV paint in a dark room so no UV light would enter. The excess would then be put back in the container before being washed off and dried in a heater chamber for 15 minutes.

✴️The image would carefully be placed on the screen before being placed on a special UV machine where the excess air would be vacuumed out before the UV light would turn on for 45 seconds and leave an imprint on the screen.

✴️Raised the screen slightly as I applied black ink across the screen so nothing would be printed.

✴️Then I placed the screen on the paper and spread the ink across and back then carefully removed the screen and got the finished piece on the paper and I was very pleased with it as of the details on the medal.

[bheadeuna]

Best Practices For Cleaning And Maintaining Gas Heater Components

Gas heaters are essential in many homes and businesses for keeping the indoor environment warm and comfortable during the colder months. However, it is important to note that, like any other appliance, it requires regular cleaning and maintenance to ensure that they function safely and efficiently. In this blog post, we will explore the importance of searching for a "reliable gas heater service near me" and discuss the best practices for cleaning and maintaining gas heater components.

From regular cleaning and checking for gas leaks to booking in service with a licensed technician, these tips will help you keep it working perfectly and avoid potential safety hazards such as carbon monoxide poisoning and fire hazards.

So, whether you have a Rinnai or any other brand, read on to learn more about how to keep your it functioning safely and efficiently.

Regular cleaning

One of the most essential practices for maintaining it is regular cleaning. This involves removing any dust, dirt, or debris that has accumulated on the heater's components over time. Use a soft cloth to wipe the exterior of the heater, and a vacuum cleaner to clean the vent covers and other features. Be sure to turn off the gas supply and unplug the heater before cleaning to avoid any accidents.

Check the pilot light

The pilot light is a small flame that ignites the gas burner in the combustion chamber. A healthy pilot light should be blue in colour and burn steadily. If the pilot light is yellow or flickering, it may indicate a problem with the gas supply or combustion chamber. If you notice any issues with the pilot light, it is important to book a service with a licensed technician to diagnose and fix the problem.

Clean the furnace filter

The furnace filter is an essential component of your gas heater that traps dust and debris in the air before it enters the combustion chamber. Over time, the filter can become clogged, reducing the heater's efficiency and causing it to work harder than it needs to. 

To clean the filter, turn off the gas supply and remove the cover from the furnace. Take out the filter and clean it with a soft brush or vacuum cleaner. If the filter is damaged or excessively dirty, it may need to be replaced.

Check for gas leaks

Gas leaks are a serious safety concern that can cause explosions and fires. To check for gas leaks, use a gas leak detector or a solution of soap and water to check for bubbles around the gas supply connection, pilot light, and other components. If you suspect a gas leak, turn off the gas supply immediately and call a licensed gas fitter to inspect and repair the problem.

Book in a service

Regular maintenance work is important for keeping it in good condition and avoiding costly repairs down the line. It is recommended that you book a service with a licensed technician at least once a year to inspect and clean the heater's components, check for gas leaks, and ensure that it is working safely and efficiently.

Monitor the heat exchanger

The heat exchanger is the component of it that transfers heat from the burner to the air. Over time, the heat exchanger can become damaged or corroded, leading to reduced efficiency and potential carbon monoxide leaks. To monitor the heat exchanger, inspect it for any signs of damage or cracks. If you notice any issues, it is important to book a service with a licensed one to diagnose and fix the problem.

Choose a reputable brand

When purchasing a gas heater, choosing a reputable brand with a proven track record of safety and reliability is important. Rinnai gas heaters, for example, are known for their quality components, advanced safety features, and energy efficiency.

By choosing a reputable brand, you can be confident that your gas heater will function safely and efficiently for years to come.

Overall, taking care of it is crucial for your comfort and safety, especially during the colder months.

By following the best practices for cleaning and maintaining your gas heater components, you can save money, prevent gas leaks and fire hazards, and avoid the risks of carbon monoxide poisoning.

If you need assistance in maintaining or repairing it, don't hesitate to search for a "professional gas heater service near me". By booking in service with an expert, you can ensure that it is in good condition and working safely.

With a little care and attention, your gas heater can provide you with many years of warmth and comfort. 

[metalfinishing]

How to Prepare Your Facility for a Thin-Film Deposition PVD Coater

Thanks for deciding on a PVD coating services system for your thin-film coating project. A PVD coating system is normally built and delivered by thin-film equipment manufacturers over the course of at least a few months. You can finish your facility preparation tasks while you wait to start employing thin-film deposition technology. You may get ready for your PVD system, a smooth installation, and a fast production scale-up by taking the actions listed below.

Facility Space

Depending on the size and configuration of the equipment, the space varies in size. We frequently advise consumers to picture the size of a typical home garage. While a big system needs a two-car garage floor space, a tiny system just needs about one garage space. Keep in mind that you might require additional room for ancillary equipment in addition to the PVD system.

Do I Need a Clean Room To Use Thin-Film Technology?

You can use a PVD system in your current manufacturing space. It's usually appropriate for the system if it's comfy for your personnel. Protecting the system from grinding or other metal fabrication activities' particles is best practice. Position your PVD system far from this kind of equipment. For a largely dust-free atmosphere that keeps parts clean, add room separators or enhance air handling systems to keep the system separate. With these safety measures, pvd coating companies offer improved coating consistency and higher yields.

Although PVD machines are vacuum systems that remove air and water vapor from the chamber when a process is going, they are successful in humid areas all over the world. A reduced humidity facility allows for a quicker pump-down period, which cuts your PVD cycle time by several minutes.

Utilities

Vacuum pumps, power sources, heaters, and other electrical equipment are all part of your PVD system. Energy is used by each component at different times during the coating cycle. Here is a brief summary of the equipment needed for utilities and related tasks.

Cooling Water

A standalone or building water chiller must provide cooling water for the PVD system. The cathodic arc deposition technique may coat products like plated plastics or zinc die-cast parts at lower temperatures thanks to cooling water, which maintains the PVD coater's operation at its ideal temperature.

Process Gases

Process gases are used in tiny amounts during the PVD cycle to create different coatings. Gases commonly utilized in PVD coating come in bottles similar to those used in welding operations and include argon, nitrogen, oxygen, methane, or acetylene. For instance, we start with a solid titanium source and mix it with nitrogen gas to produce titanium nitride (TiN) coatings. Our devices automatically meter gases as necessary during that cycle based on the unique coating "recipe" that was created.

Ancillary Equipment

Let's move on to supplementary equipment now that we've discussed the fundamental PVD thin-film deposition system needs.  We can help with the acquisition of these items thanks to its connections with various suppliers.

Also read about: What Are the Values of Quality Control Inspection?

Cleaning

A top-notch coating operation requires clean parts. Depending on the anticipated types of contamination (oils, particles, etc.), substrate material, part geometries, and production volumes, manufacturers can use automated or manual aqueous or non-aqueous cleaning solutions. A grit-blasting cabinet can also aid in the maintenance cleaning of racks, internal chamber shields, and other machine parts.

Parts Handling

On parts racks, parts are kept, loaded into the machine, and removed. For varying part sizes and geometries, these stainless steel racks are available in a variety of shapes and designs. Rack carts are primarily used to store and move racks. Part racks may be moved and stored with ease using wheeled carts. Additionally, setting up a clean, dust-free place for parts staging is advised.

Your Facility Is Ready! It’s Time for Equipment Delivery.

You must get ready to receive and install your thin-film deposition machine when you're ready to bring it in. On a single skid, the majority of Metal Finishing Services PVD machines are delivered fully constructed. A forklift and some simple rigging tools are all that are required to get the equipment into place.

We advise working with a rigging business that is experienced to execute this task for you if you are not comfortable handling heavy machinery. Staff from Metal Finishing Services will help with equipment setup on-site and give your team thorough operation and maintenance training. For more details, you can call on +1-216-701-4204 or email us at Ncottone@metalfinishing.parts

Original Source: https://bit.ly/3k4ifHk

[gosunsolarenergy]

Solar Oven Facts: How the Technology Works

This article features solar oven facts that explain how the technology works and its comparable advantages and disadvantages to conventional cooking. We'll also describe why we think the GoSun makes the best solar ovens.

The Cutting Edge of Solar Technology

The GoSun's patented solar cooking technology can bake, boil or fry a meal using nothing but energy from the sun, even in clouds, wind and freezing conditions. Heating up to 550°F/280°C while staying cool to touch, the stove's performance is only made possible from a combination of ideal materials and clever engineering.

Let's take a look inside:

Solar Oven Facts: The Solar Vacuum Tube

The core of GoSun Technology is with the vacuum tube cooking chamber, which absorbs light while acting as a perfect insulator. We think of it as a physics hack, one of thermodynamic’s only free lunches.

A perfect insulator? That’s right. Between the tube’s two layers of borosilicate glass (wiki link), is a pocket of beautiful nothing (AKA outer space). Heat requires a medium to transfer. Without a thermal bridge, the heat absorbed by the stove collects rapidly.

How is the heat absorbed? Great question! The internal face of the tube is coated in three layers of metal: aluminum nitride, stainless steel, and copper. Placed on the inside of the vacuum (away from your food), these three layers work in unison to trap both viable light and ultraviolet, allowing one to cook in a light overcast.

Aluminum Nitride: An absorber common in the semiconductor industry with fantastic energy absorbing properties.

Stainless Steel: Moves heat evenly, cooking food cooking from 360°.

Copper: Reflecting heat, in the form of infrared radiation, back into the tube.

What is borosilicate glass? Borosilicate glass is known for its chemical and thermal resistance, making it a go-to choice for bakeware, LED lights, and lab equipment.  

So this is high-tech, right? This technology is new but not cutting edge. GoSun founder and solar energy expert, Patrick Sherwin, got the idea while working with a solar vacuum tube water heater. The tubes used for solar hot water heaters have been known to last decades on roofs around the world.

Solar Oven Facts: Compound Parabolic Reflectors

Compound parabolic reflectors concentrate light from a variety of angles onto the cooking tube. This means that there's little need to re-adjust the stove while cooking and even diffused light (such as light going through clouds) can be focused on the tube.

Roland Winston invented the first compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) in 1974, a breakthrough technology in solar energy. His discovery has now been used extensively in solar energy collection, wireless communication, and biomedical research.  

Solar Oven Facts: Cook Times With Our Solar Cookers

Solar cooking times vary but this chart will help you figure out what to expect when dealing with the weather.

Heat Bank Technology (GoSun Grill Only)

This simple innovation allows the GoSun Grill to cook steadily with inconsistent sunlight and in some cases, cook small meals or leftovers without sunlight. The Grill’s tubular oven chamber is designed with a highly conductive aluminum chassis. While in sunlight, it channels heat into a heat bank underneath the tray. This heat bank allows you to store heat until you're ready to use it, meaning once up to temperature, the Heat Bank will help guarantee a consistent cook, even when the sun is lacking.

We hope these solar oven facts were useful and we can't wait to partner with you in the quest to produce delicious solar cooked food.

[markdouglasmotorwork]

When, Why and How to Replace Your Maserati Coolant?

Like engine oil, coolant is also such a substance that is vital for your engine. Your Maserati car needs a good quality coolant of proper amount. If the coolant level is low or too old, then you have to replace it. Here in this article you will know about why, when and how to replace the coolant.

Why do You Need Coolant Replacement in Your Car?

Coolant is a fluid I.e., can be either gas or a liquid that regulates the temperature of the engine. Coolant change is the most important part in cooling system maintenance but unfortunately cooling system maintenance is commonly neglected by most of the car owners. Coolant generally consists of water and ethylene glycol also known as antifreeze in fixed proportion. In a cooling system, coolant is stored in reservoir and pumped by the water pump to circulate it throughout the engine system.

Coolants is available of many types of different colors, some last long and some do not, it depends on your car which type of coolant it wants. A coolant generally prevents the engine from overheating and also prevents hard starting of car in colder weather. If there is low coolant or old, contaminated coolant for long time, then the engine components may get to break, wear off or damaged, even get rusted. A coolant become exhausted when it becomes older, so it fails to carry out its job and even cause damage to the engine components. A bad coolant can lead to failure of most of the engine vital components. So to prevent such failures in engine, coolant as to be replace regularly. A regular replacement of coolant makes the engine run perfectly for longer.

When to Change Your Coolant?

Coolant in your Maserati should be changed once for every two years or 30000 miles. Coolant can last for longer if the running time of coolant is decreased. Apart from mileage, there are some signs of bad coolant in your engine system. Here are some of these signs.

Debris, sediments or rust in your coolant.

Check engine light is on

Leaked coolant on the ground where the car is parked

Steam coming out of radiator or hood and rarely there can be a burning smell from hood.

A grinding noise from the engine.

Engine overheating

Heater may fail to work

How to Change the Coolant in Your Car?

Coolant is available of different types and different colors, but you have to use those coolants that are right for your car or the ones recommended by manufacturers. Refer your user manual to know about the type of coolants you can use and the amount of coolant to be used.

Before changing the coolant, you have to check the coolant level in its reservoir located in the rear trunk. There are high and low marks on the reservoir which is slightly transparent. So you can easily find whether the coolant level is low or high.

For coolant change you will need - hex socket, ratchet, coolant system vacuum filling device, compressed air supply, distilled water, coolant and a container.

1.   First you have to park your car and allow it to cool. After the car is fully cooled, the rear underside panel is taken off

2.   Find the coolant expansion tank having a black cap. Open the cap and set the steel chamber bleeder valve near the tank to vertical.

3.  Remove the coolant drain plug and the spring clamp on the hose on the inlet side of the water pump is opened and then hose is removed. Allow the coolant to get drained out. When the draining of coolant is completed, reinstall the hose on water pump and place the drain plug back with a new sealing ring.

4.  The inlet and outlet hose of radiator is removed to drain out the coolant from radiator. You just need to pull out the spring clips, then the hoses. Place a container to collect the coolant draining out of the radiator. Press in the hoses and the clips back to the radiator after the completion of draining. You will hear a snap sound in this process.

5.  To drain the heater side of cooling system, the hoses of inlet and outlet are removed after the removal of spring clips on both hoses. When the draining is completed, push the hoses and the spring clips back to its place.

6.  Fix an adapter with coolant system vacuum filling device and screw it to the expansion tank at the place of its cap. This is done to fill new coolant to the car.

7. Take another clean container to keep the coolant in it. Put a hose connected to the vacuum device on the container having coolant.

8.  Then a compressed air supply is connected to the vacuum device to pressurize the system. This is done to create vacuum in the system. After a sufficient vacuum is created, you can disconnect the compressed air supply.

9.  The system will draw the coolant. When sufficient amount of coolant is drawn into the system, the vacuum device is disconnected from the system.

10.  Check the coolant level and put the cap on the expansion tank.

Conclusion

Note that if you are unable to create vacuum in the system, then there must be a leakage, you have to fix the leakage. Changing of coolant takes hardly 2-3 hours and you will have to spend maximum amount.