#Theodore Roosevelt National Park (South Unit)

[emilybeemartin]

Just to tie in my two themes this month----

Additional notes, because poll options apparently limit their characters:

Frodo finds great peace in watching the tides rise and fall throughout each day. He attends all the ranger programs on birds and seashells and fills pages with sketches and poetry.

Sam meticulously selects postcards in the gift shop for each of his friends and spends a whole morning writing and addressing them. He also buys Junior Ranger hats for his kids and a variety of Appalachian jams for Rosie.

Park rangers launch a Missing Person search for Aragorn when they realize his car's been parked at Avalanche Creek for three days. The search runs for almost a week before he comes strolling out the opposite side of the park, supporting one of the SAR techs who twisted an ankle during the search.

Legolas is first drawn to Olympic for the towering, mossy temperate rainforests, but the ground goes out from under him when he steps onto Second Beach for the first time. He spends an entire day watching the light and tides shift on the sea stacks, and he leaves feeling both full and hollow, like a bell that's just been rung.

Mammoth is only Gimli's first stop on a cavern tour, followed by Jewel and Wind Caves and Carlsbad Caverns. Wind Cave is his favorite for the unusual formations. He makes an obnoxious tween boy cry in Carlsbad for breaking off a speleothem.

Boromir is on a tour of military parks. He asks so many questions to the intern working the info station at Fort Sumter the kid has to go find the park historian. His favorite site is Vicksburg because that place was buckwild, though he silently judges one of the reenactors for his clumsy handling of a black powder rifle.

Merry also makes stops in Jurassic and Dinosaur National Monuments. He watches every park video, takes selfies in front of all the fossil exhibits, and earns his Junior Ranger badge at each one. He buys a keychain for Pippin.

Pippin actually gets four citations, mostly for trying to stick his hands in mud pots. He doesn't mean anything by it---he's just so delighted and curious about the bizarre landscape. He winds up with several thermal burns and dumps a king's ransom in the donation box on his last day.

Gandalf gets dinged by rangers for not paying the $5 fee for Trunk Bay, but he acts senile until they eventually decide to drop it. He gets postcards from everyone and responds to none of them.

Faramir and Eowyn are traveling together and do many of the same hikes and rides, but they do have some different preferences off-trail. Eowyn drags Faramir to a rodeo and the Million Dollar Cowboy Bar in Jackson Hole, and he goads her into Ranger Shelton Johnson's living history programs on the Buffalo Soldiers in Yosemite.

Eomer is bike-packing on his sport cruiser motorcycle. He goes to Roosevelt south unit for the wild horse herds but ends up spending half a day watching a prairie dog town. He takes 400 photos of them, mostly blurry, and texts them to Eowyn.

[farmobileo3]

The mighty Buffalo Soldiers !!

Bob Marley wrote a song about them :)

Their accomplishments:

* Created an arboretum along the South Fork of the Merced River in Yosemite near today's Wawona. Widely considered the first marked nature trail and museum in a national park. (1904)

* Constructed the first usable wagon road into the Giant Forest of Sequoia National Park. Some of the oldest, largest trees on the planet. (1903)

* Cut a trail up rugged Mt. Whitney; at 14,505 feet, the tallest peak in the contiguous United States. (1903)

* Served as official escort from San Francisco to Yosemite for President Theodore Roosevelt's historic visit. The 9th Cavalry had the honors, led by Captain Charles Young. (1903)

[parisbytaylorswift]

1. Acadia National Park, Maine

2. American Samoa National Park, American Samoa

3. Arches National Park, Utah

4. Badlands National Park, South Dakota

5. Big Bend National Park, Texas

6. Biscayne National Park, Florida

7. Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park, Colorado

8. Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah

9. Canyonlands National Park, Utah

10. Capitol Reef National Park, Utah

11. Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico

12. Channel Islands National Park, California

13. Congaree National Park, South Carolina

14. Crater Lake National Park, Oregon

15. Cuyahoga Valley National Park, Ohio

16. Death Valley National Park, California & Nevada

17. Denali National Park, Alaska

18. Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida

19. Everglades National Park, Florida

20. Gates of the Arctic National Park, Alaska

21. Gateway Arch National Park, Missouri

22. Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska

23. Glacier National Park, Montana

24. Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona

25. Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming

26. Great Basin National Park, Nevada

27. Great Sand Dunes National Park, Colorado

28. Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee & North Carolina

29. Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas

30. Haleakalā National Park, Hawaii

31. Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii

32. Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas

33. Indiana Dunes National Park, Indiana

34. Isle Royale National Park, Michigan

35. Joshua Tree National Park, California

36. Katmai National Park, Alaska

37. Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska

38. Kings Canyon National Park, California

39. Kobuk Valley National Park, Alaska

40. Lake Clark National Park, Alaska

41. Lassen Volcanic National Park, California

42. Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky

43. Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado

44. Mount Rainier National Park, Washington

45. New River Gorge National Park and Preserve, West Virginia

46. North Cascades National Park, Washington

47. Olympic National Park, Washington

48. Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona

49. Pinnacles National Park, California

50. Redwood National Park, California

51. Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado

52. Saguaro National Park, Arizona

53. Sequoia National Park, California

54. Shenandoah National Park, Virginia

55. Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota

56. Virgin Islands National Park, United States Virgin Islands

57. Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota

58. White Sands National Park, New Mexico

59. Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota

60. Wrangell—St. Elias National Park, Alaska

61. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, Montana & Idaho

62. Yosemite National Park, California

63. Zion National Park, Utah

[wandering-jana]

Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota

Explore:

[stumbleimg]

Painted Canyon: Theodore Roosevelt National Park South Unit, North Dakota USA (OC) [6000x4000]

[rabbitcruiser]

Mesa Verde National Park (No. 1)

Mesa Verde National Park is an American national park and UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Montezuma County, Colorado. The park protects some of the best-preserved Ancestral Puebloan archaeological sites in the United States.

Established by Congress and President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906, the park occupies 52,485 acres (21,240 ha) near the Four Corners region of the American Southwest. With more than 5,000 sites, including 600 cliff dwellings, it is the largest archaeological preserve in the United States. Mesa Verde (Spanish for "green table", or more specifically "green table mountain") is best known for structures such as Cliff Palace, thought to be the largest cliff dwelling in North America.

Starting c. 7500 BC Mesa Verde was seasonally inhabited by a group of nomadic Paleo-Indians known as the Foothills Mountain Complex. The variety of projectile points found in the region indicates they were influenced by surrounding areas, including the Great Basin, the San Juan Basin, and the Rio Grande Valley. Later, Archaic people established semi-permanent rock shelters in and around the mesa. By 1000 BC, the Basketmaker culture emerged from the local Archaic population, and by 750 AD the Ancestral Puebloans had developed from the Basketmaker culture.

The Pueblonians survived using a combination of hunting, gathering, and subsistence farming of crops such as corn, beans, and squash (the "Three Sisters"). They built the mesa's first pueblos sometime after 650, and by the end of the 12th century, they began to construct the massive cliff dwellings for which the park is best known. By 1285, following a period of social and environmental instability driven by a series of severe and prolonged droughts, they abandoned the area and moved south to locations in Arizona and New Mexico, including the Rio Chama, the Albuquerque Basin, the Pajarito Plateau, and the foot of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains.

Source: Wikipedia

[hauntedeaglepizza]

Taking Pleasure In Williston, North Dakota: A Hidden Treasure on the Pasture

Taking Pleasure In Williston, North Dakota: A Hidden Treasure on the Pasture

Stashed in North Dakota's northwest edge, Williston is a city associated with the oil sector. But below its tough exterior, this city exposes a diverse variety of searches and spots that attract varied tastes. From nature lovers and background fanatics to those looking for an authentic regional experience, Williston's enchanting beauty has something in store for every single site visitor. Below's a roadmap to uncovering the covert treasures of Williston, North Dakota.

Explore the Open Air

Williston is surrounded by natural beauty, making it an exceptional destination for exterior tasks. A must-visit place is the Theodore Roosevelt National forest, located a brief drive south of the city. This park offers stunning landscapes, treking tracks, and wild animals viewing opportunities. The rugged Badlands surface, incorporated with stunning views, provides an ideal background for treking, photography, and nature recognition.

Lake Sakakawea is a preferred spot for water enthusiasts. Situated near Williston, this huge reservoir supplies chances for fishing, boating, and camping. Its extensive waters and stunning shoreline make it a best location for individuals seeking leisure or water tasks. The Lewis and Clark State Park, located on the lake, is an excellent location for outdoor camping, hiking, and bird watching.

Check Out the Past Midst

Williston is steeped in history, specifically from the age of the Lewis and Clark Exploration. The Ft Union Trading Post National Historic Website is a fascinating attraction that takes site visitors back to the very early 19th century. As one of the most crucial hair trading posts on the Upper Missouri River, it supplies insights right into the profession and communications in between Native American people and European settlers. The reconstructed fort, together with interpretive programs and living history demonstrations, makes it an exciting see for history fanatics.

An additional historic treasure is the Missouri-Yellowstone Assemblage Interpretive Facility. Found where the Missouri and Yellowstone rivers fulfill, this facility uses shows on the natural and cultural history of the region. The beautiful neglect offers spectacular sights of the assemblage, making it a peaceful and insightful quit.

Experience the Flavors and Festivities of the Area

The strong sense of unity in Williston is recognizable, especially at community events and parties. The annual Upper Missouri Valley Fair is a View website standout event that unites locals and tourists for a week of satisfaction. Featuring entertainment adventures, display screens of farming, live efficiencies, and different food suppliers, the reasonable embodies the attributes of the area's society and kindness

Experience the area's imaginative flair at the James Memorial Art Facility, nestled in a charming historic landmark. This vibrant center features a range of pieces crafted by gifted regional musicians and functions as a center for varied cultural events throughout the year. By checking out, you'll gain a deeper understanding of the location's flourishing arts area and might even find a distinctive keepsake to take home.

Delight In the Genuine Neighborhood Food

Exploring Williston is not fully experienced without sampling the neighborhood food. The city's culinary choices display its different populace, offering a ser

[eyssant]

Mount Rushmore: A Monument of American Greatness

Perched majestically amidst the rugged terrain of the Black Hills in South Dakota, Mount Rushmore stands as a testament to American ingenuity, perseverance, and the enduring spirit of democracy. Carved into the granite face of this iconic mountain are the stoic visages of four of the nation's most revered presidents: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. Completed in 1941, this colossal sculpture is not merely a marvel of engineering and craftsmanship but also a profound symbol of national identity and unity.

History of Mount Rushmore:

The genesis of Mount Rushmore can be traced back to the early 1920s when historian Doane Robinson envisioned a grand monument in the Black Hills to attract tourists to the region. Robinson's vision gained traction when he enlisted the expertise of sculptor Gutzon Borglum, renowned for his work on several large-scale projects across the United States. Together, they selected Mount Rushmore as the ideal site for the sculpture due to its solid granite composition and its prominence within the landscape.

Work on the monument commenced in 1927 and spanned 14 years, employing hundreds of workers who labored tirelessly under dangerous conditions to bring Borglum's vision to life. Using dynamite, jackhammers, and chisels, Borglum and his team meticulously carved the 60-foot-high faces of the presidents into the mountain's surface, enduring harsh weather and logistical challenges along the way.

Importance of Mount Rushmore:

Mount Rushmore holds profound significance for Americans as a symbol of national pride, unity, and the ideals upon which the nation was founded. Each of the presidents depicted on the monument played a pivotal role in shaping the course of American history:

George Washington: As the first president of the United States and a founding father, Washington led the nation to independence during the Revolutionary War and established many of the precedents that would shape the office of the presidency.

Thomas Jefferson: A visionary statesman and author of the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson's presidency saw the expansion of the nation's territory through the Louisiana Purchase, doubling the size of the United States.

Theodore Roosevelt: A champion of progressive ideals and conservation efforts, Roosevelt's presidency ushered in an era of reform and activism, including the establishment of national parks and the construction of the Panama Canal.

Abraham Lincoln: Often regarded as one of America's greatest presidents, Lincoln guided the nation through the tumultuous period of the Civil War and issued the Emancipation Proclamation, paving the way for the abolition of slavery.

Beyond honoring these esteemed leaders, Mount Rushmore serves as a symbol of American exceptionalism and the enduring values of democracy, freedom, and opportunity. It stands as a reminder of the sacrifices made by those who came before us and the principles that continue to define the American experience.

Keystone, The Gateway to Mount Rushmore

The quaint town of Keystone, South Dakota, serves as the gateway to Mount Rushmore, located just three miles from the monument. Despite its small size, Keystone boasts a rich history and serves as a bustling hub for tourists visiting the area. Visitors to Keystone can explore a variety of attractions, including museums, art galleries, and scenic hiking trails that offer stunning views of the surrounding Black Hills.

Overall, Keystone experiences a diverse range of weather conditions throughout the year, offering something for every season and making it an attractive destination for visitors year-round. Whether you're seeking sunny days for summer adventures or snowy slopes for winter sports, Keystone's weather ensures an unforgettable experience in the heart of the Black Hills.

In conclusion, Mount Rushmore stands as an enduring symbol of American greatness and the indomitable spirit of its people. As visitors from around the world gaze upon the monumental faces carved into the granite cliffs, they are reminded of the ideals and principles that have shaped the nation and continue to inspire generations of Americans. May Mount Rushmore forever serve as a beacon of hope, unity, and the enduring promise of a more perfect union.

[pastperfect-online]

October 4, 1927: Work begins on Mount Rushmore

"On October 4, 1927, sculpting begins on the face of Mount Rushmore in the Black Hills National Forest of South Dakota. It would take another 12 years for the granite images of four of America’s most revered presidents—George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt—to be completed.

The monument was the brainchild of a South Dakota historian named Doane Robinson, who was looking for a way to attract more tourists to his state. He hired a sculptor named Gutzon Borglum to carve the faces into the mountain. The Lakota Sioux people, who consider the Black Hills to be sacred ground, strongly opposed the project. The mountain was previously part of the Great Sioux Reservation before being taken away from them by the U.S. government.

According to the National Park Service, the first face to be chiseled was George Washington’s; Borglum first sculpted the head as an egg shape, his features added later. Thomas Jefferson’s image was originally fashioned in the space to the right of Washington, but, within two years, the face was badly cracked. Workers had to blast the sculpture off the mountain using dynamite. Borglum then started over with Jefferson situated on the left side of Washington.

Washington’s face was the first to be completed in 1934. Jefferson’s was dedicated in 1936—with then-president Franklin Roosevelt in attendance—and Lincoln’s was completed a year later. In 1939, Teddy Roosevelt’s face was completed. The project, which cost $1 million, was funded primarily by the federal government.

Borglum continued to touch up his work at Mount Rushmore until he died suddenly in 1941. Borglum had originally hoped to also carve a series of inscriptions into the mountain, outlining the history of the United States."

-- History.com

This month in history: October 3, 1990 - East and West Germany reunite after 45 years October 5, 1947 - Harry Truman delivers first-yever presidental speech on TV October 13, 1792 - White House cornerstone laid October 18, 1867 - United States takes possession of Alaska territory October 26, 1825 - Erie Canal opens

This photograph of Mount Rushmore in process of carving, can be found in the online collection of Minnilusa Historical Association.

[roamanddiscover]

South Dakota

South Dakota is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States. Known as the "Mount Rushmore State," South Dakota is home to some of the most iconic landmarks in America. This article provides an extensive overview of South Dakota covering its history, geography, climate, economy, culture, tourism, and other related information. The history of South Dakota dates back to prehistoric times when it was inhabited by numerous Native American tribes. French and Spanish explorers later arrived in the region, but European settlement did not occur until the 19th century with the discovery of gold. The Homestead Act also attracted many settlers to the region, leading to further development and growth. South Dakota's geography is diverse, encompassing the Black Hills, Badlands, high plains, rolling hills, rivers, and lakes. The state's unique ecology comprises of prairies, forests, and wildlife. The climate varies depending on the region, but South Dakota generally experiences a continental climate with cold, dry winters and hot, humid summers. The state's economy is dominated by agriculture, tourism, and manufacturing. The major industries include beef and dairy farming, food processing, machinery, and healthcare. South Dakota is also home to several research institutions, making it a hub for scientific and technological advancements. South Dakota has a vibrant culture that is reflected in its art, music, literature, and festivals. The state is also renowned for its outdoors and adventure activities, such as camping, hiking, skiing, and rodeo. The major cities in South Dakota include Sioux Falls, Rapid City, and Aberdeen. Whether you're interested in history, nature, or adventure, South Dakota has something to offer for everyone. The top places to visit in South Dakota include Mount Rushmore, Badlands National Park, and Crazy Horse Memorial. The state is also known for its local specialties, craft beer, and wines. Visitors can choose from a wide array of high-quality accommodations, ranging from hotels and guesthouses to camping sites. South Dakota is truly a great destination that offers endless possibilities for exploration and adventure.

Etymology

South Dakota was admitted to the Union on November 2, 1889, as the 40th state of the United States. Its name comes from the Lakota and Dakota Sioux Native American tribes, which means "friend" or "ally." The state is also known as the "Mount Rushmore State" due to its famous Mount Rushmore National Memorial, a sculpture carved in granite that features the faces of four US presidents: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. But the name "Dakota" has a much deeper meaning. It originates from the Sioux word "Dakota," which translates as "friend" or "ally." The state motto, "Under God, the People Rule," reflects the democratic principles upon which the United States was founded. Before becoming a state, South Dakota was part of the Dakota Territory, established in 1861. The territory was split in two in 1889, with North Dakota and South Dakota becoming separate states. Despite being equal in population, North Dakota was admitted to the Union first, earning the title of the 39th state, while South Dakota became the 40th. South Dakota's history is deeply intertwined with the Native American tribes that have lived there for thousands of years. The Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota tribes were the first inhabitants of the area, with their presence dating back to the paleo-Indian period. French and Spanish explorers arrived in the area in the 17th century, followed by American fur traders and adventurers. In the late 19th century, the discovery of gold in the Black Hills, located in western South Dakota, sparked the famous gold rush that brought thousands of people to the area. Later, the Homestead Act of 1862 encouraged pioneers to settle in South Dakota, leading to the establishment of many towns and farms. Today, South Dakota is a diverse and vibrant state with a rich cultural heritage. It is a popular destination for tourists, offering a range of activities such as hiking, camping, skiing, and wildlife viewing. The state is also home to many famous figures, including presidents, actors, musicians, and authors. South Dakota's unique combination of history, culture, and stunning scenery makes it a must-visit destination for anyone looking to experience the rich diversity of America.

History

South Dakota is a state rich in history, dating back to prehistoric times. The first inhabitants of the area were the Native Americans, who inhabited the region for thousands of years before the arrival of European explorers. French and Spanish traders and explorers made their way through South Dakota in the late 17th century. However, the most significant events in South Dakota's history occurred during the 19th century. In 1803, the United States government purchased the Louisiana Territory from France, including the land that would later become South Dakota. Lewis and Clark traveled through the area in 1804 and 1806, mapping the region and making friendly contact with local tribes. The Homestead Act of 1862, which encouraged westward migration by granting land to settlers who would develop it, spurred the growth of white settlements in South Dakota. The area became part of the Dakota Territory in 1861, and in 1889, it was split into North and South Dakota. The discovery of gold in the Black Hills in 1874 attracted a rush of prospectors and settlers to the area, leading to tensions between the Native Americans and the newcomers. This culminated in the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876, where General George Custer and his troops were defeated by a coalition of Native American tribes. The late 19th century and early 20th century were marked by conflict, including the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890, where over 150 Native Americans were killed by U.S. soldiers, and the forced removal of the Dakota people to reservations. South Dakota became a state on November 2, 1889, with Pierre as its capital. Today, the state's rich history is celebrated in museums and historic sites throughout the region. - Notable events in South Dakota's history include: - The 1804-1806 expedition of Lewis and Clark through the area - The signing of the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, which established peace between the United States and the Sioux tribes - The discovery of gold in the Black Hills in 1874 and subsequent gold rush - The Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890 - The establishment of Mount Rushmore National Memorial in 1927 South Dakota's history is a rich tapestry of Native American culture, European exploration, westward expansion, and conflict.

Geology

If you are a lover of geological wonders, South Dakota is the place for you. Geology enthusiasts come from different parts of the world to explore the geological features of the state. The geology of South Dakota includes Mesozoic rocks, Precambrian formations, and other stunning natural landscapes such as the Black Hills and Badlands National Park. The Black Hills are situated in the southwestern part of South Dakota and are one of the most fascinating geological sites in the world. The hills are famous for their rugged beauty and contain igneous and metamorphic rocks that are millions of years old. The rocks in the hills include granites, schists, and gneiss that have been metamorphosed due to heat and pressure. One of the most famous landmarks in the Black Hills is the iconic Mount Rushmore, which is carved into the granite rocks. The carving features faces of four former U.S Presidents, including George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. Badlands National Park is another geological wonder in South Dakota. The park is located in the southwestern part of the state and is famous for its striking landscape of eroded rocks, deep canyons, and spires. The park is over 244,000 acres and is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. Visitors to the park can hike, camp, and enjoy the natural beauty of the area. The state also features several other stunning natural landscapes, including the Needles, a series of granite pillars that rise high above the Black Hills, and the Crazy Horse Memorial, a massive sculpture that is still being carved into the side of a mountain and is expected to be the largest in the world. South Dakota's geology is fascinating and offers a lot for visitors to explore. With its unique geological formations and beautiful natural landscapes, it is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in the earth's history and natural wonders.

Geography

South Dakota is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States. It has a total area of 77,116 square miles and is the 17th largest state in the country. The state's geography is diverse and offers a range of landscapes, which makes it a great destination for outdoor enthusiasts. The high plains cover most of the central and eastern parts of South Dakota. The area is characterized by rolling hills, prairies, and grasslands. It is also home to numerous rivers such as the Missouri River, which runs along the eastern edge of the state. The river is an important source of water for agriculture, recreation, and transportation. The western edge of South Dakota is home to the Black Hills, a region known for its beautiful forests, canyons, and rock formations. The Black Hills are a popular tourist destination and boast several iconic landmarks such as Mount Rushmore, Crazy Horse Memorial, and Badlands National Park. In addition to the Black Hills, the state has other notable geographic features such as the Coteau des Prairies, a plateau that runs through the northeastern part of the state and separates the Missouri River basin from the Red River of the North basin. South Dakota is also home to several lakes, including Lake Oahe, Lake Sharpe, and Lewis and Clark Lake, which offer great recreational opportunities for fishing, boating, and camping. The state experiences a continental climate, which is characterized by hot summers and cold winters. Summer temperatures range from 80 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit, while winter temperatures can drop to -20 degrees Fahrenheit. The state also experiences thunderstorms, tornadoes, and blizzards. South Dakota's diverse geography offers something for everyone. Whether you enjoy camping, hiking, fishing, or exploring new landscapes, South Dakota has it all. With its pristine nature, iconic landmarks, and rich history, South Dakota is a must-visit destination for anyone looking for a unique and unforgettable experience.

Ecology

South Dakota boasts a diverse and unique ecology, with various prairies, forests, and wildlife. The state is home to over 40 species of mammals, 400 species of birds, and 100 species of reptiles and amphibians. The South Dakota Game, Fish & Parks department is responsible for managing the state's wildlife and preserving its natural habitat. One of the most notable features of South Dakota's ecology is its grasslands. The state has one of the largest remaining expanses of native prairie in the country, which provides habitat for various species including bison, pronghorn, and prairie dogs. The prairie also offers valuable ecosystem services such as carbon storage, groundwater recharge, and soil conservation. South Dakota is also known for its forests, which cover roughly 6% of the state's land area. The Black Hills region is home to the largest remaining stand of ponderosa pine forest in North America, providing habitat for black bears, mountain lions, and elk. The state government is committed to promoting sustainable forestry practices and reducing the risk of catastrophic wildfires. In addition to its prairies and forests, South Dakota has a significant amount of wetlands and waterways. The state is home to over 1,500 lakes and reservoirs, providing habitat for various species of fish and waterfowl. The South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources is responsible for managing the state's water resources and ensuring their quality. Conservation efforts are crucial to maintaining South Dakota's unique ecology. The state government collaborates with various organizations and agencies to protect endangered species, restore habitat, and promote sustainable land management practices. The South Dakota Grassland Coalition, for example, works to promote the conservation of grasslands and educate landowners and ranchers on sustainable grazing practices. South Dakota's ecology is diverse and unique, with various prairies, forests, and waterways providing habitat for various species of wildlife. The state government and various organizations are committed to preserving and promoting sustainable land management practices to ensure the state's natural resources are protected for future generations.

Biodiversity

South Dakota is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna species, making it one of the richest regions in terms of biodiversity. The state is home to a total of 7,000 plant species, including a variety of grasses, shrubs, and trees. The grasslands of the state are particularly notable, as they provide suitable habitats for a range of species, such as pronghorn, bison, and prairie dogs. South Dakota’s wildlife is also incredibly diverse. The state is home to over 300 bird species, making it a popular destination for birdwatchers. The most common species include the red-winged blackbird, great horned owl, and American goldfinch. South Dakota’s waterways are home to a variety of fish species, including walleye, pike, and bass. In addition, the state is home to a variety of amphibians and reptiles, such as the bullfrog, western painted turtle, and garter snake. South Dakota also has a diverse range of mammal species, including large predators such as mountain lions, black bears, and coyotes. There are also herbivorous mammals like the white-tailed deer, mule deer, and elk. In addition, the state is home to smaller mammals such as raccoons, skunks, and rabbits. South Dakota’s natural habitats are incredibly important for the conservation of biodiversity and preservation of some of the state’s rarest species. The state has 67 endangered species, including the swift fox, whooping crane, and Dakota skipper. Efforts are ongoing for the protection and restoration of these species and their habitats. The South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks has a mission of conserving and enhancing South Dakota’s natural resources, including its diverse flora and fauna. The department manages state parks, nature preserves, and other protected areas across the state, working tirelessly to maintain the natural habitats that are so important for South Dakota’s biodiversity. South Dakota’s rich biodiversity is evident through its diverse range of flora and fauna species. Efforts are ongoing to maintain and protect the state’s natural habitats and their inhabitants. South Dakota and its unique natural wonders are truly a sight to behold and offer a glimpse of the rich biodiversity that exists in the United States.

American goldfinch

Climate

South Dakota has a continental climate with four distinct seasons. Summers are typically warm and humid, with temperatures ranging from around 70°F to 90°F. In the winter, temperatures can drop to as low as 10°F, and the state receives an average of around 44 inches of snowfall each year. South Dakota also experiences thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hailstorms during the warmer months. The state's western region has a semi-arid and arid climate due to its proximity to the Rocky Mountains. The area can experience large temperature fluctuations, and summers tend to be drier than the rest of the state. The Black Hills region has a unique microclimate, with cooler temperatures and higher precipitation levels. The state experiences distinctive seasonal variations, with hot summers and cold winters. Autumn is a particularly beautiful time in South Dakota when the foliage turns golden and red, creating a stunning display of color. Winter brings several winter sports opportunities, including skiing, snowmobiling, and ice fishing, making it a popular tourist destination. South Dakota experiences a dry climate, with high evaporation rates and low precipitation levels. Due to this, droughts can occur, causing damage to crops and affecting the agricultural industry. When planning a trip to South Dakota, it is important to take note of the weather patterns in order to make the most out of your experience. It is recommended to check weather reports and seasonal forecasts beforehand, especially if you plan on outdoor activities. Below is a chart showing the average temperature and precipitation levels in South Dakota by month: Month Average Temperature (°F) Average Precipitation (in) January 14.3 0.44 February 20.7 0.54 March 30.1 1.18 April 42.4 2.07 May 53.1 2.95 June 62.0 3.34 July 66.4 2.89 August 64.4 2.61 September 54.7 1.76 October 43.2 1.52 November 27.5 0.63 December 18.2 0.43 the climate in South Dakota may be unpredictable, but the state's unique weather patterns and seasonal variations make it a fascinating destination to visit.

Environmental Issues

South Dakota is known for its natural beauty and unique ecology, but it is not without its share of environmental issues. One of the most pressing issues facing the state is wildfires, which can devastate vast areas of forests and grasslands. In recent years, South Dakota has experienced some of its largest wildfires on record, which have caused widespread damage to wildlife habitats and threatened homes and communities. Another major issue is water pollution, which can come from various sources, including agricultural runoff, wastewater discharges, and mining operations. This can be particularly harmful to aquatic ecosystems and can also pose serious risks to human health. South Dakota has implemented several measures to reduce water pollution, including stricter regulations on industrial discharges and conservation efforts to preserve wetlands and other sensitive habitats. Endangered species are also a concern in South Dakota, where several species are at risk of extinction due to habitat loss, climate change, and other factors. Some of the endangered species in the state include the black-footed ferret, the swift fox, the pallid sturgeon, and the whooping crane. Conservation efforts are underway to protect these and other endangered species and to restore their habitats in the state. South Dakota also faces other environmental issues, such as air pollution, soil erosion, and the spread of invasive species. Read the full article

[xtruss]

It Was A Popular National Monument, Until It Was Robbed To Extinction

— Saturday July 08, 2023

NEXSTAR — For decades, National Parks have served to protect sites with some sort of natural or cultural significance. Unfortunately, it doesn’t always go smoothly. That’s especially true for one former site.

In the late 1800s, ranchers in South Dakota’s Black Hills, near Minnekahta, stumbled upon fossilized prehistoric plants from the Cretaceous period — and lots of them. It wasn’t long before scientists from institutions nationwide caught wind of the discoveries and came to the area to buy up the fossils, Atlas Obscura explains.

Among the Scientists was Yale University Paleontology Student George Reber Wieland, who had already gained recognition for discovering the largest marine turtle ever documented, the Achelon Ischyros.

He also had a special admiration for fossilized cycads, even placing some among his backyard plants at his Connecticut home. Wieland was so interested in the fossilized cycads found in the Black Hills that in 1920, he filed for 320 acres of the land under the Homestead Act — after trying to convince federal lawmakers to designate the area as a national monument.

Yale paleobotanist George Wieland and NPS officials oversee a CCC field crew in a test excavation at Fossil Cycad National Monument, South Dakota, 1935. NPS photo

It wasn’t until the fall of 1922 that the land became known as Fossil Cycad National Monument, thanks to a designation from President Warren G. Harding. In his Presidential Proclamation, Harding said the monument deserved protection in order to preserve “rich Mesozoic deposits of fossil cycads and other examples of paleobotany.”

At the time, it was the third federally-protected site dedicated to fossils, according to the National Park Service. The first was Petrified Forest, declared a monument in 1906 by President Theodore Roosevelt, followed by Dinosaur National Monument, established in 1915 by President Woodrow Wilson.

Unlike Petrified Forest and Dinosaur, the situation wasn’t promising at Fossil Cycad by the time it received its designation.

Part of the problem was the environment. The focal points of Fossil Cycad National Monument — the fossils — were being eroded before more could be exposed, the NPS explains.

Those that were exposed faced another predator: humans.

“Fossil cycadeoids were being taken by the thousands for research purposes and to display in museums,” a report on the agency’s website explains. “The loss of the exposed petrified plant remains eventually left the site devoid of fossils and ultimately without a purpose to justify its existence as a unit of the National Park Service.”

Among the most egregious fossil collectors was the monument’s biggest advocate: Wieland himself.

“He had a scientific interest in the collection, but he almost seemed to become obsessed with the resource,” Vincent Santucci, a geologist and paleontologist with the National Park Service told the Capital Journal in 2014. Wieland is believed to have taken thousands of the fossil cycads from his beloved plot of land.

It wasn’t just Wieland. Despite small signs at Fossil Cycad warning tourists not to prospect, they would come and collect the fossils exposed, even though the monument never officially opened to the public. The more exposed fossils became, the more visitors the monument attracted, and the fewer fossils were left protected at the site.

Original sign for Fossil Cycad National Monument. NPS History Collection, HFCA-01244

To Wieland’s credit, historians say he did want to create a visitor center at Fossil Cycad, even if it was mainly to house his favorite collections from the site. And he often pushed for funding for the monument.

But, four years after Wieland’s 1953 death, and after the site had lost its most crucial resource, Congress de-authorized Fossil Cycad National Monument.

In 1955, Representative E. Y. Berry of South Dakota introduced legislation to abolish the monument, a report from the NPS explains. It was the NPS itself that requested the legislation be introduced. (At the time, visitors to Fossil Cycad probably would not have seen any fossilized cycad.) The legislation would later pass, and Fossil Cycad lost its national monument status, instead becoming part of the Bureau of Land Management.

The NPS released a statement amidst the abolishment, saying it “was requested by the NPS in line with its policy to eliminate from the National Park Service those areas considered to be of less than national significance.”

The legislation did stipulate that should fossils be found during construction or excavation, they would become the property of the federal government. That happened in the 1980s, according to NPS. In 2015, the BLM designated the 320 acres of the former monument as an ACEC, or area of critical environmental concern, protecting it from future mineral leasing, fossil gathering, development, and more.

Still, there are no signs or other indications of where the national monument even was anymore, instead serving as a reminder to “leave no trace and take only memories and pictures.” Meanwhile, the prospected cycads are now part of collections at Yale, the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, and other museums — and likely some private collections.

[mybrainproblems]

Theodore Roosevelt National Park

^ North Unit of the park (yes the balls are natural)

^ South Unit of the park

for your consideration:

Great Smokey Mountains

Grand Teton

Yellowstone

Acadia

Olympic

Mount Rainier

Yosemite

Grand Canyon

[beautifulbadlandsnd]

How to see Where Roosevelt Hunted and Ranched -- Long Loop Itinerary

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[wandering-jana]

View from Buck Hill. Theodore Roosevelt National Park, South Unit.

Explore this wonderful park:

[shutterandsentence]

And they say there’s nothing to see or do in North Dakota...pssht! 

Photo: Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota

[ryderwriter]

#10-14 fun easy and historic healthy Badlands attractions for 2021

#10-14 fun easy and historic healthy Badlands attractions for 2021

History and Exercise Based on reader responses to attractions included on Beautiful Badlands ND, visitors in 2020 liked fun, easy and historic healthy Badlands attractions.  People like to get out and stretch their legs while touching base with historic points of interest. Some of those include the old entrance to the Theodore Roosevelt National Park, and the 7th Cavalry’s unfortunate snow camp.…