#Thebiologicalemissionofphotons(biophotons)

[biointernet]

Prof. Fritz-Albert Popp

Prof. Fritz-Albert Popp

“We know today that man, essentially, is a being of light.” And the modern science of photobiology is presently proving this. In terms of healing the implications are immense. We now know, for example, that quanta of light can initiate, or arrest, cascade-like reactions in the cells, and that genetic cellular damage can be virtually repaired, within hours, by faint beams of light. “We are still on the threshold of fully understanding the complex relationship between light and life, but we can now say emphatically, that the function of our entire metabolism is dependent on light.” Dr. Fritz Albert Popp

Prof. Fritz-Albert Popp Fritz-Albert Popp (born 1938 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany) is a German researcher in biophysics, particularly in biophotonics. Diploma in Experimental Physics (University of Würzburg), X-ray circle of the Physics Institute of the University of Würzburg, PhD in theoretical physics (quantum theory of many-particle systems, University of Mainz), Habilitation in Biophysics (University of Marburg) Professor of radiology at the University of Marburg 1972-1980, Appointment as Professor (H2) by the Senate of the University of Marburg, head of research groups in the industry (1981-1983), at the University of Kaiserslautern (Cell Biology from 1983 to 1985), the Technology Centre and the Technology Park in Kaiserslautern (1986 to present). He has conducted research that confirms the existence of biophotons. These particles of light, with no mass, transmit information within and between cells. His work shows that DNA in a living cell stores and releases photons creating “biophotonic emissions” that may hold the key to illness and health. Popp’s eight books and more than 150 scientific journal articles and studies address basic questions of theoretical physics, biology, complementary medicine and biophotons. It was 1970, and Popp, a theoretical biophysicist at the University of Marburg in Germany, had been teaching radiology — the interaction of electromagnetic (EM) radiation on biological systems. Popp was too early to worry about things like cellphones and microwave towers which are now commonly linked with cancers and leukemia. Dr. Popp founded the International Institute of Biophysics in Neuss, Germany. This institute is a worldwide network of biologist, chemists, medical researchers, physicists and other scientists at 14 universities and governmental research institutes. Biophotonics is a branch of quantum biology dealing with interactions between single-photons and biological matter in order to understand the inner workings of cells and tissues in living organisms. It is probably the best solution for understanding cell function by integrating molecular activities within the living cells. Fritz-Albert Popp is the inventor of biophoton theory, and has coined the term biophotons which refers to coherent photons emitted from biological organisms. Biophoton theory concerns DNA as the most probable source of biophoton emission. The biological emission of photons (biophotons) is a term used to describe the permanent ultraweak (1-100 photons/sec/cm2) emission of coherent (phase-locked and/or frequency-locked) photons from living systems. (F.A.Popp 1976) Popp considered it to be a quantum biological phenomenon with bio-informational character distinct from the non-coherent emission of photons as by-products of metabolism, like thermal radiation and bioluminescence/chemiluminescence caused by radical reactions, oxidation etc. Biophoton/ultraweak photon emission originates from relaxation of electronically excited states of the constituents of living cells, which are generally associated with the presence of an oxidative metabolism that accompanies the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which participate in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biochemical and physiological functions. Biophoton/ultraweak photon emission reflects the pathophysiological state with respect to mitochondrial energy (ATP) production and the susceptibility to oxidative stress which is derived from the excessive production of ROS or a lack of activity for antioxidant protection. Biophotons consist of light with a high degree of order, in other words, biological “laser” light. Such a light is very quiet (low-noise) and shows an extremely stable intensity, without the fluctuations normally observed in light. Because of their stable field strength, its waves can superpose, and by virtue of this, constructive and destructive interference effects become possible that do not occur in ordinary light. Ultraweak Photon Emission (UPE) or Biophoton emission (BPE) refers to the phenomenon of constant and spontaneous emission of light from all biological systems including humans due to metabolic activities, without excitation or enhancement. This occurs in the visible and UV part of the electromagnetic spectrum at ultra low intensities, on the order of 10-16 – 10-18 W/cm2. The coherent emission of bio-photons is connected to energy and information transfer processes in the biological organisms, and has been linked to the function of DNA and to gene regulation. Why Ultra-violet light? Dr. Popp chose to work specifically with UV light because of the experiments of a Russian biologist named Alexander Gurwitsch who, while working with onions in 1923, discovered that roots could stimulate a neighboring plant’s roots if the two adjacent plants were in quartz glass pots but not if they were in silicon glass pots. The only difference being that the silicon filtered UV wavelengths of light while the quartz did not. Gurwitsch theorized that onion roots could communicate with each other by ultraviolet light. All vibrations of energy are part of the electro-magnetic spectrum. These include electrical energy, heat, sound, light, radio waves and radioactive waves. UV light is merely a small portion of the spectrum of EM energy with a very short wavelength. Dr. Popp discovered was that benzopyrene (the cancer producing molecule) absorbed the UV light, then re-emitted it at a completely different frequency — it was a light “scrambler”. The benzopyrene (harmless to humans), allowed the UV light to pass through it unaltered. Popp was puzzled by this difference, and continued to experiment with UV light and other compounds. He performed his test on 37 different chemicals, some cancer-causing, some not. After a while, he was able to predict which substances could cause cancer. In every instance, the compounds that were carcinogenic took the UV light, absorbed it and changed or scrambled the frequency. There was another odd property of these compounds: each of the carcinogens reacted only to light at a specific frequency — 380 nm (nanometres) in the ultra-violet range. Popp kept wondering why a cancer-causing substance would be a light scrambler. He began reading the scientific literature specifically about human biological reactions, and came across information about a phenomenon called ‘photorepair‘. Light inside the body Popp was freaked out by this. He wrote about it in a paper and a prestigious medical journal agreed to publish it. Not long after that, Popp was approached by a student named Bernhard Ruth, who asked Popp to supervise his work for his doctoral dissertation. Popp told Ruth he was prepared to do so if the student could show that light was emanating from the human body. This meeting was fortuitous for Popp because Ruth happened to be an excellent experimental physicist. Ruth thought the idea was ridiculous, and immediately set to work building equipment to prove Popp’s hypothesis wrong. Within two years, Ruth had constructed a machine resembling a big X-ray detector which used a photomultiplier to count light, photon by photon. Today, it is still one of the best pieces of equipment in the field. The machine had to be highly sensitive because it had to measure what Popp assumed would be extremely weak emissions. These ‘Biophoton Emission’, as Popp called them, provided an ideal communication system for the transfer of information to many cells across the organism. But the single most important question remained: Where was the light coming from? A particularly gifted student talked him into another experiment. It is known that when ethidium bromide is applied to samples of DNA, it insinuates itself in between the base pairs of the double helix, causing DNA to unwind. The student suggested that, after applying the chemical, they measure the light coming from the sample. Popp found that the greater the concentration of ethidium, the more the DNA unravelled, but also the stronger the intensity of light. Conversely, the less he used, the less light was emitted. He also found that DNA could send out a wide range of frequencies, some of which seemed to be linked to certain functions. If DNA stored this light, it would naturally emit more light on being unzipped. These and other studies proved to Popp that one of the most essential sources of light and biophoton emissions was DNA. DNA was like the master tuning fork of the body. It would strike a particular frequency and certain molecules would follow. It was also possible, he realised, that he had stumbled upon the missing link in current DNA theory that could account for perhaps the greatest miracle of all in human biology — how a single cell can turn into a fully formed human being. Cancer is a loss of coherent light So far, Popp had studied only healthy individuals and found an exquisite coherence at the quantum level. But what kind of light is present in those who are ill? Popp tried out his machine on a series of cancer patients. In every instance, these patients had lost those natural periodic rhythms as well as their coherence. The lines of internal communication were scrambled. They had lost their connection with the world. In effect, their light was going out. Just the opposite is seen with multiple sclerosis: MS is a state of too much order. Patients with this disease are taking in too much light, thereby inhibiting their cells’ ability to do their job. Too much cooperative harmony prevented flexibility and individuality — like too many soldiers marching in step as they cross a bridge, causing it to collapse. Perfect coherence is an optimal state between chaos and order. With too much cooperation, it is as though individual members of the orchestra are no longer able to improvise. In effect, MS patients are drowning in light. Popp also examined the effects of stress. In a stressed state, the rate of biophoton emissions goes up — a defense mechanism designed to restore the patient’s equilibrium. Popp now recognized that what he’d been experimenting with was even more than a cure for cancer or Gestaltbildung. Here was a model which provided a better explanation than the current neo-Darwinist theory for how all living things evolve on the planet. Rather than a system of fortunate but ultimately random error, if DNA uses frequencies of every variety as an information tool, this suggests instead a feedback system of perfect communication through waves that encode and transfer information. Off-shoots of Dr. Popp’s discovery In the 1970s Dr. Veljko Veljkovic, who now heads the Center for Multidisciplinary Research and Engineering, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, also discovered a method for predicting which of the hundreds of new chemicals made by the rapidly expanding chemical industry were carcinogenic, by calculating certain electronic, biophotonic properties of the molecules. This method was soon found equally applicable to predicting organic chemicals that were mutagenic, or toxic, and even those that were antibiotic, or cytostatic (anticancer). Veljkovic’s institute in Belgrade has since teamed up with other European laboratories to apply the same method to drug discovery, especially against AIDS disease. Biophoton Therapy Biophoton therapy is the application of light to particular areas of the skin for healing purposes. The light, or photons, that are emitted by these units are absorbed by the skin’s photoreceptors and then travel through the body’s nervous system to the brain, where they help regulate what is referred to as our human bio-energy. By stimulating certain areas of the body with specific quantities of light, biophoton therapy can help reduce pain as well as aid in various healing processes throughout the body. The theory behind biophoton therapy is based on the work of Dr. Franz Morell and has been expanded by the work of Doctors L.C. Vincent and F.A. Popp, who theorized that light can affect the electromagnetic oscillation, or waves of the body and regulate enzyme activity. It took some 25 years for Popp to gather converts from among the scientific community. Slowly, a few select scientists around the globe began to consider that the body’s communication system might be a complex network of resonance and frequency. Eventually, they would form the International Institute of Biophysics, composed of 15 groups of scientists from international centres around the world. Popp and his new colleagues went on to study the light emissions from several organisms of the same species, first in an experiment with a type of water flea of the genus Daphnia. What they found was nothing short of astonishing. Tests with a photomultiplier showed that the water fleas were sucking up the light emitted from each other. Popp tried the same experiment on small fish and got the same result. According to his photomultiplier, sunflowers were like biological vacuum cleaners, moving in the direction of the most solar photons to hoover them up. Even bacteria swallowed photons from the media they were put in. Popp became an Invited Member of the New York Academy of Sciences and an Invited Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (RANS). Popp is the founder of the International Institute of Biophysics in Neuss (1996), Germany, an international network of 19 research groups from 13 countries involved in biophoton research and coherence systems in biology. Integrative Biophysics: Biophotonics 2003

Integrative Biophysics, Popp Most of the specialists working in this interdisciplinary field of physics, biology, biophysics and medicine are associated with "The International Institute of Biophysics" (IIB), in Neuss, Germany, where basic research and possibilities for applications are coordinated. The growth in this field is indicated by the increase in financial support, interest from the scientific community and frequency of publications. Audience: The scientists of IIB have presented the most essential background and applications of biophotonics in these lecture notes in biophysics, based on the summer school lectures by this group. This book is devoted to questions of elementary biophysics, as well as current developments and applications. It will be of interest to graduate and postgraduate students, life scientists, and the responsible officials of industries and governments looking for non-invasive methods of investigating biological tissues. www.biontologyarizona.com/dr-fritz-albert-popp/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz-Albert_Popp Biophotons on IUMAB website Read the full article

[biointernet]

An introduction to human biophoton emission

An introduction to human biophoton emission Key Words: Ultraweak photon emission, Biophotons, Skin, Consciousness, Acupuncture

An introduction to human biophoton emission Summary Background: Biophoton emission is the spontaneous emission of ultraweak light emanating from all living systems, including man. The emission is linked to the endogenous production of excited states within the living system. The detection and characterisation of human biophoton emission has led to suggestions that it has po- tential future applications in medicine.  Objectives: An overview is presented of studies on ultraweak photon emission (UPE, biopho- tons) from the human whole body.  Methods: Electronic searches of Medline, PsychLit, PubMed and references lists of relevant review articles and books were used to establish the literature database. Articles were then analysed for their main experimental setup and results.  Results: The, mostly, single case studies have resulted in a collection of observations. The collection presents information on the following fields of research: (1) influence of biological rhythms, age, and gender on emission, (2) the intensity of emission and its left-right symmetry in health and disease, (3) emission from the perspective of Traditional Chinese and Korean Medicine, (4) emis- sion in different consciousness studies, (5) procedures for analysis of the photon signal from hands, (6) detection of peroxidative processes in the skin. Of each article the main findings are present- ed in a qualitative manner, quantitative data are presented where useful, and the technological or methodological limitations are dis- cussed.  Conclusion: Photon emission recording techniques have reached a stage that allows resolution of the signal in time and space. The published material is presented and includes aspects like spatial resolution of intensity, its relation to health and disease, the aspect of colour, and methods for analysis of the photon signal. The limited number of studies only allows first conclusions about the implications and significance of biophotons in relation to health and disease, or to mental states, or acupuncture. However, with the present data we consider that further research in the field is justified. Schlüsselwörter: Ultraschwache Lichtstrahlung, Biophotonen, Haut, Bewusstsein, Akupunktur Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Die Abstrahlung von Biophotonen ist eine spontane ultraschwache Lichtstrahlung, die von allen lebenden Systemen ausgeht, auch vom Menschen. Diese Strahlung hängt mit der en- dogenen Erzeugung erregter Zustände im lebenden System zusam- men. Die Entdeckung und genauere Charakterisierung der mensch- lichen Biophotonenstrahlung hat zur Annahme geführt, dass es dafür zukünftige medizinische Anwendungen geben könnte.  Ziel- setzung: Die Arbeit stellt einen Überblick dar über Studien zur ultra- schwachen Photonenstrahlung (Biophotonen) des menschlichen Körpers.  Methode: Elektronische Literatursuche in Medline, Psych- Lit, PubMed und Handsuche der Literaturverzeichnisse relevanter Überblicksartikel und Bücher wurden benutzt, um die Literaturbasis herzustellen. Einzelne Artikel wurden anschließend auf ihr experi- mentelles Design und ihre Ergebnisse hin analysiert.  Ergebnisse:Die meisten Studien waren Einzelfallbeobachtungen und resultier- ten in einer Sammlung von Beobachtungen. Der Überblick präsen- tiert Informationen zu folgenden Forschungsgebieten: (1) Einfluss biologischer Rhythmen, des Alters und des Geschlechts auf die Biophotonenemission, (2) Intensität der Emission und Rechts-links- Asymmetrie oder -Symmetrie in Gesundheit und Krankheit, (3) Bio- photonenstrahlung aus der Perspektive der Traditionellen Chinesi- schen und Koreanischen Medizin, (4) Biophotonenstrahlung in ver- schiedenen Studien zur Bewusstseinsforschung, (5) Vorgehenswei- sen zur Analyse des Photonensignals gemessen an den Händen, (6) Entdeckung peroxidativer Prozesse in der Haut. Die Hauptergeb- nisse jeder Arbeit werden qualitativ präsentiert, quantitative Daten werden dargestellt, wo sinnvoll und nützlich. Die technologischen und methodischen Begrenzungen werden diskutiert.  Schlussfolge- rung: Die Technik zur Erfassung der Biophotonenemission hat eine Stufe erreicht, die eine gute Auflösung des Signals in Zeit und Raum erlaubt. Die publizierte Literatur wird zusammengefasst und enthält Informationen über Aspekte wie räumliche Auflösung der Intensität, Beziehung der Strahlung zu Gesundheit und Krankheit, Aspekte der Farbe bzw. Wellenlänge der Strahlung und Methoden zur Analyse des Photonensignals. Die begrenzte Studienzahl erlaubt jedoch nur erste Schlussfolgerungen über die Implikationen und Reichweite der Biophotonen in Bezug auf Gesundheit und Krank- heit, in Bezug auf Bewusstseinszustände oder in Bezug auf Anwen- dungen wie Akupunktur. Auf jeden Fall sind wir der Meinung, dass der gegenwärtige Forschungsstand weitere Forschung auf dem Ge- biet rechtfertigt. Introduction Historical Aspects Research on human biophoton emission has appeared in the literature since the 1970’s. Its nature is generally descriptive and aetiology and the emission is generally understood to re- flect the physiology of the human organism . The ultra- weak light emission originating spontaneously from living sys- tems (UPE, ultraweak photon emission, biophoton emission, or short: biophotons) ranges in intensity from a few to approx- imately 102 photons / (s × cm2). It is thus not visible to the naked eye and cannot be captured with commonly used opti- cal detectors. The spectral range is 400–720 nm. The biological origins and concrete mechanisms of this light emission are not yet well understood. To study the role of biophoton emission in living systems and in order to clarify its basic mechanisms, highly sensitive measuring instruments are required that allow non-invasive and non-destructive recording. Basically, three types of systems have been developed to register UPE. Photo- multipliers have evolved to extremely low-noise single photon counting systems in which cooled photomultiplier tubes are placed in a vacuum chamber to provide absolute stability of the signal and maximum noise reduction. Photomultipliers allow the study of biophoton emission utilising quantum sta- tistical properties in actual living systems to clarify its basic mechanisms. A second system utilised to study UPE also pro- vides spectral analysis. For spectral characterisation a spectral analyser system using a set of sharp cut-off, optical filters in the wavelength range from ultraviolet (UV) to infrared (IR) is commonly used. A third system to fundamentally characterise UPE utilises a spatial distribution measurement or imaging of biophoton emission. This is usually performed with ultra-sen- sitive two-dimensional photon counting devices, as special equipped charged-coupled devices . This introductory review comprises two parts. The first part presents historical aspects of biophoton research and touches upon pilot work of many professional disciplines from the pe- riod 1975–1995. The second part informs about additional re- search and systematically presents information on human bio- photon emission in relation to health and disease, the aspect of colour, and methods for analysis of the photon signal. Of each article, the main findings are presented in a qualitative manner, quantitative data are presented where useful; tech- nological or methodological limitations are discussed. Method This review concentrates on biophoton emission as extremely weak light emanating from the whole and intact human body. It does not take into account UPE from special internal organs or isolated body fluids. On the basis of our own databases, we systematically compiled all citations found in literature searches until end 2003: bibliographic database by electronic search of Medline, PsychLit, PubMed, references lists of relevant review articles , books , and by contact with researchers in the field. Each article was analysed for its main experimental question(s). 78 Forsch Komplementärmed Klass Naturheilkd 2005;12:77–83 Early Attempts to Record the Human Envelope of Radiation Research in human photon emission started at least three decades ago. Early publications illustrate how fasci- nated their authors were by previous reports of ‘an envelope of radiation surrounding living organisms’. Utilising a DC- photomultiplier, their studies produced a graphic record on a XY recorder. The photomultiplier was mounted in a light- tight darkroom scanned with a photomultiplier tube to demonstrate that there were no leaks of light. The subjects stood in front of the photomultiplier tube without clothes from the waist up. The protocol avoided signals which resulted from static electricity and fluorescence of dyes. The re- searchers utilised a photocathode with a maximal sensitivity at 400 nm and almost zero activity at 650 nm, thus minimising thermal effects. A major difficulty encountered in these early experiments was the inherent internal noise produced by the photomultiplier tube, which was of the same order of magni- tude as the measured signal. To differentiate between signal and noise, the signal was integrated and the average current for the integration period was determined. The researchers re- ported a statistically significant 11% increase of the signal above background noise. In this early research, experimental subjects were asked to voluntarily increase emission intensity by breathing deeply and by producing vibratory movements of the body. Only some subjects were able to produce an increased signal, oth- ers failed to do so. However, the increase of the signal did coincide with the subjects’ attempts to increase their ‘energy fields’. Controls did not produce an increase in the signal. According to the researchers temperature changes could be ruled out as the cause for signal increase. Different inani- mate objects with emissions similar to that of the human skin, and heated to varying temperatures between 30–90 °C, did not increase the phototube output. Moreover, small fluc- tuations in room temperature gave a negligible increase in dark current. Introduction of Sensitive Photomultipliers to Characterise Human Biophoton Emission Edwards and colleagues published a study on human body photon emission in 1989 and 1990 . This study was carried out as part of the Dove Project, in United Kingdom. Its setup consisted of a photon detection system mounted in a sealed housing with a quartz window, at a constant tempera- ture of –23 °C. The mean dark noise in these experimental conditions was around 60 counts per second (cps). The dark- room was specially constructed, and the researchers took care for the use of special materials in that room as well as regard- ing subjects’ clothing. The authors recorded the temporal vari- ation of the emission of the hand with measurements every 1.5 h over a 28-h period. Variation with time was observed, but the data were not sufficient to allow any conclusion about Read the full article