#The Paiute Tribe of Utah

[questioningespecialy]

Fact Check~

It took less than twenty-five years of contact with the Mormon settlers to reduce the Paiute population by 90 percent and turn them from being peaceful, independent farmers and foragers into destitute, landless people who survived by doing seasonal and parttime work for the white settlers. Some Paiute groups even ceased to exist. (…) Upon exploring Paiute territory, the Mormons identified some good sites for settlement. Unfortunately for the Paiutes, these sites were often their core living and foraging areas. Mormon theology came as a two-edged sword for the Paiutes. According to Book of Mormon teachings, Indians were seen both as a chosen people and as a cursed people. Many Mormons believed that the Paiutes had to be "civilized" before they could be "saved." It seemed that their Indian culture was considered to be a major stumbling block to their salvation. (...) The lives of the Paiutes shifted dramatically as Mormons became full-time residents in Paiute country in 1851. (…) —The Paiute Tribe of Utah by Gary Tom and Ronald Holt, A History of Utah's American Indians by Forrest S. Cuch (editor)

Mormons continued taking Native children from Indigenous families long after the slave traders left, and even began to actively solicit children from Paiute parents. They also began trafficking Indigenous people to each other.[82]: 56  By 1853, each of the hundred households in Parowan had one or more Paiute children.[82]: 57  Enslaved Indigenous people were used for both domestic and manual labor.[83]: 240  In 1857, Representative Justin Smith Morrill estimated that there were 400 enslaved Native people in Utah.[19] Richard Kitchen has identified at least 400 Indigenous individuals taken into Mormon homes, but estimates even more went unrecorded because of the high mortality rate of enslaved Indigenous Americans. Many of them tried to escape.[84] —Mormonism and slavery - Legal period (1852–1862) (wikipedia.org)

See the Native American enslavement section for more. 😐

Fun Fact

BBC’s Mormon Pioneers page claims that “The Mormons were persecuted [because] They didn't keep slaves, which was seen as a threat to the surrounding slave-owning culture at a time when the abolition of slavery was a big issue.”

In 1836 [27yrs before the Emancipation Proclamation], Smith wrote a piece in the Messenger and Advocate which supported slavery[16]: 18  and affirmed that it was God's will.[39]: 15  —Mormonism and slavery - Legality of slavery (wikipedia.org) People who enslaved others complained that the Mormons were interfering in their relationship with their enslaved persons, but the LDS Church denied such claims.[48]: 27  —Mormonism and slavery - Relationship between enslavers and the enslaved (wikipedia.org)

🤷🏿‍♂️

[millieisawriter]

it's once again the time to yap to strangers online to distract myself from the fact that i should be studying for 2 latin exams, 3 italian exams, and the 1 italian test i have to take again

and i will yap about american primeval because i'm still OBSESSED with the series, and also i'm a huge nerd for the native american history

did y'all know that derek hinkey, the man who portrayed red feather, is a descendant of the native americans this happened to? like, if you don't know yet (but i also don't wanna spoil), american primeval focuses on events surrounding the mountain meadows massacre. basically back in 1857 this baker-fancher party was just trying to get to california, and they ended up camping in this place called mountain meadows in utah. they were minding their own business, but the mormons there were already a lil nervous cus they thought the us government was coming for them (the whole utah war thing). and like the mormons lowkey ambushed the party. mormons were insane and i think we need to remember about it.

anyway, the role of the native americans, especially the paiutes, in the mountain meadows massacre is super important cus initially the mormon militia tried to pin the whole thing on the paiutes. but over time it became clear that while some paiutes were involved, they were influenced by the mormons aka used as the scapegoat. once again, the mormons were insane and we need to remember about it. the natives were in quite a pickle i'd say, manipulated by the mormons and then blamed for something that wasn't their doing. it's an example of how indigenous people were often exploited and misrepresented in history.

and derek hinkey, american primeval's red feather, is a direct descendant of the war chief numaga of the paiute tribe. while numaga didn't take part in the mountain meadows massacre, i think he's a very cool historical figure worth mentioning. he played a big part in the pyramid lake war. despite being big on peace and all that, his breaking point was when two paiute women were kidnapped and sexually assaulted by white men. the paiute warriors saved their women, dealt with the white men, and destroyed the williams station. highkey badass.

oh and i found this information that numaga once lied face down for three days to symbolize the suffering his people were bound to endure. don't know if this is true though.

and he died of tuberculosis.

[yourdailykitsch]

'American Primeval' Gets Its Hands Dirty

Set in 1857 amid the brutal Utah War, the Netflix series spares none of the grime and violence in its attempt to offer a fair and authentic retelling.

Howard Berger, the head of makeup on 'American Primeval,' a Netflix limited series, thought he had achieved the optimal level of grime. He prepared a makeup test - muddied necks, blackened fingernails, dirt painted inside an actor's ears - and showed it to Peter Berg's, the series's director.

Berg was unsatisfied. "'More! More!'" Berger recalled him saying. "Come on, man. Cover him in dirt, like he hasn't bathed in a year."

Berger did. "We went ahead and just kept making it more and more grungy," Berger said.

For a long time, film and TV stories of the American West ere aggressively whitewashed. Here the West is unwashed - muddy, bloddy, cold and mean. In this way, "American Primeval," a six-episode series that premieres on Jan. 9, joins recent films and series like "The English," "Meek's Cutoff," "Power of the Dog" and "Killers of the Flower Moon" in repositioning the emphases and priorities of the western. Yet Berg ("Friday Night Lights," "Painkiller," "Lone Survivor"), a director who tends to both gravitate toward and challenge traditionally macho spaces, insists that the series, set in the Utah Territory in 1857, isn't a western at all.

There are no saloons, no bordellos, no cowboys strutting up and down Main Street, in part because there are no streets. The goal, which can be seen in nearly every begrimed fame, is an unusual, often brutal authenticity, stripped of nostalgia.

"American Primeval" is set amid the real-life clashes between the U.S. Army members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the Shoshone, Southern Paiute and Ute tribes. (The series incorporates several real-life characters, including Brigham Young, the church president and a governor of Utah, played by Kim Coates of "Sons of Anarchy.") Disagreements over sovereignty, religious exercise and territory came to a head in 1857, in a series of armed conflicts, including the Mountain Meadows Massacre, depicted, horrifically, in the series's first episode, in which church members and Paiute auxiliaries killed about 120 Westbound pioneers.

Though "American Primeval" is largely fiction, Berg felt that he owed it to this actual, gory history to offer, in painstaking detail, as much realism as he could. "You get a little bit closer to some of the origin stories of how our country was formed," Berg said of the series. "Those origin stories are very violent."

The series was shot on location, in and around Santa Fe, N.M., in 2023, with a break of several months to accommodate the SAG-AFTRA actor's strike, When I toured the set early that summer, I observed an exhaustive and sometimes exhausting commitment to realism. At a reservation near town, an exacting replica had been constructed of Fort Bridger, a trading outpost perched on a tributary of the Green River, in what today is southwest Wyoming. That set, the equivalent of eight city blocks, included an apothecary, a tannery, racks of drying fish and a trading goods store stocked with items that would have been available in 1857. Some were historical artifacts.

"Holding something that is literally from the past makes it easier to put yourself in that time period," said Dudley Gardner, an archaeologist who consulted for the show. By then, much of the fort had been burned, as the real fort was during the Utah War. Charred wood and ash mixed with mud underfoot. Nearby stood the skeletons of tepees, which were originally hung with elk and buffalo hide, dyed and stitched by Native artisans.

"One of the reasons why you don't see this level of authenticity is because it's very expensive," Berg quipped, but he wasn't exactly joking.

The show written by Mark L. Smith ("The Revenant"), centers on Betty Gilpin's Sara, a desperate woman who hires Taylor Kitsch's Isaac, a guide raise by the Shoshone, to take her and her son West. In telling this story, Smith tried not to prettify what life was like in the territory. "It's important that we represent the world as it truly was - good, bad, indifferent, ugly," he said. "Once you cheat that, it doesn't land the same."

The commitment to truth, even in the midst of fiction, extended to every department. The costume department built more than 1,300 garments and hundreds of pairs of moccasins. Artisans worked oil, powders, paints and dirt into the textiles to dye and age them. Berg told the artisans to take the age and dye further.

"It's almost like we had to take it to a theatrical level," Mila Hermanovski, a costume designer, said. "It takes the viewer there, to really feeling how these people are living. It feels oppressive, and it feels hard." Complementing the costumes were grungy makeup and greasy hair, as well as inventive prosthetics to achieve the gorier moments.

When it came to the battle sequences, the sound designers researched the weaponry of the time, creating effects both vicious and accurate. Although a gunshot from a flintlock pistol lasts only an eye blink, the sound is composed of numerous elements: the squeeze of the trigger, the strike of the firing mechanism against the flint, the ignition of the powder, the slug's passage through the barrel, the report, the impact.

On set in Santa Fe, the sound designer Whylie Stateman and his team made field recordings, paying particular attention to the wind. But there were times when authenticity ceded to tone. Berg told him that the sound had to feel tense, haunting.

"He wanted it dark," Stateman said. "So we eliminated all birds. There are no birds in "American Primeval."

Particular attention was paid to the depiction of the Native American characters, whom the western genre has often reduced to cliche or violent stereotype. The producers hired Julie L'keefe as an Indigenous cultural consultant. O'Keefe in turn hired others who could speak to the specific experiences and customs of the relevant tribes.

"The mistake is always made that one Native person knows every single answer to all 564 nations," O'Keefe said. She made sure that the production had necessary access to experts in history, culture and language. One consultant suggested that the production should name a Shoshone leader Winter Bird and not Pine Leaf.

"It's very important that directors, producers and writers see and hear us," O'Keefe added. Derek Hinkey, who plays Red Feather, a Shoshone warrior, is an enrolled member of the Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shshone Tribe. He appreciated this attention to detail, especially seeing so many Indigenous actors dressed in tribal regalia. "You walk up on set and it's wild, man," he said. "I grew up among my people. But to be in a different environment where they're all in buckskin and we're all together, it was unreal."

That feeling of realism influenced the non-Native actors, too. "Being in 6,000 layers of petticoats and a corset sprinting through fields and vaulting onto horses gave a pretty quick sense of authenticity to both my hip flexors and consciousness," Gilpin said. She added that the elements - freezing cold at night, extreme heat during a few days of desert shoots - did a lot of the acting for her.

While New Mexico offers dazzling scenery, the show mostly eschews it, preferring tight shots and close-ups. "I want the audience to feel like they're in it with our characters," Berg said. "'Primeval' is not glamorous. These folks are not in a position to sit back and enjoy the vistas. They are trying to stay alive."

On the last evening of my visit, artificial snow decorated the ground and the trees. A filter on the camera lens leached any remaining color from the scene. Kitsch, in a buffalo hide coat, his face scarred and stained, lumbered into frame. A prop gun was checked and declared safe. Then the gun was fired and another character met a sudden end. The scene was ugly, unromantic.

"The violence is [expletive] relentless," Kitsch said during a break. "But it's accurate."

In Berg's vision, that accuracy made it very American. "America was born through war and blood and death," he said. "And that's just reality. That's just the way it seems to go with humans.

[jeannahas]

To be American - Is to be Fragmented

I have lamented - often, and too long, the fact that I have no culture, no home to call my own.

I was raised in lands that were taken, among crimson cliffs, orange craigs, tracing carvings that predated my ancestors by generations, their meanings long lost to the cruel sands of time and desert winds. I was raised on stories of gods of foreign lands - tales of Thor, and Mjyonlir, mixing and twining with those of Zeus, Hades, Amateseru, Kokopeli, and Coyote.

I was raised fearing the Skinwalker, and was taught how a Skinwalker is vastly different from a Werewolf, and was taught Asian Ki-Gong medicine, and listening closely as the Navajo told us of their fears, showed and shared with us their dances, as friends.

I miss those days. The drum, the singing - the mesmerising spread of hoops during the eagle dance - if that's what it was called.

I saw the terror in the eyes of my first crush - a Navajo girl, as she explained that her family was moving away because they saw the shadow that laughed in the flames as their house burned to the ground, and I legitimately beleived them, felt sorry for them. I learned from them always to erase whatever you drew in the dirt, and I still do to this day.

I had an ancestor die in the Alamo, he knew Daniel Boone. Texas rangers, mountain men, the members of the LDS church who settled massive tracks of the west, who mixed and mingled with the native tribes, often in friendship, while others warred. I was told when I was younger, that there was Native american blood in me, but that what it was- from where it came - has been lost. Who even told me this>? I certainly can't remember, and don't have any proof. What tribe? What family? Where do I call home? What legends are truly mine to posess, to pass on? The Shoshoe? Ute? Paiute? One of the many tribes from Northern California?

I don't know. Do I really descend from any of them?

We learned in 2017 that my direct family line, that of my Father, hailed from clan McLeod, from Scotland, and through them, the vikings, who claimed descendance from norse gods - but are these legends mine? Are the legends of the Tuatha d'Danan now mine as well? The legends of Scottish heroes, of Scathach, who dwelt upon the Isle of Skye? The great feats of clan-cheifs proof of my line's draw to combat and war? Could I lay claim to and learn Gaelic, and not be rejected by those who still speak it as their birthright, and could I bear the seal of Clan McLeod? I can - I have a pin that marks us as descendants of the family, and we know exactly which of our ancestors branched off, changed his last name - but it still feels strange, after so long not having any connection.

My first ancestors on this land came on later voyages of the mayflower, we learned. They were here for the Revolutionary war, 1812, they were here for the civil war. We came through the younger brother- he fought for the Union, and in stories called the family slave brother, and helped to free him.

His actually older brother fought for the south - he died.

My grandfather, while in northern california, was gifted an Eagle feather. How? From Whome? Why? Am I crazy? Did this not actually happen?

I don't know.

I am an American - I was born in Ohio. I grew up at the base of and within the Rockies, and it is the tales of the miners and settlers that describe the arrival of my kin. I was raised in southern Utah, brought up on native American legends and taboos, among Hoodos, Petroglyphs, and remnants of the Ancient Pueblo, called the Anasazi still in my youth, and my mother had an entire library dedicated to the stories, the songs, the myths and taboos of many different Tribes, and I still recall the legends about the staining of the stones, of the White buffalo, and I held a healthy respect for the legends of Coyote the Trickster, of the fact that the people of this land credited him as the one who cursed those who became Bryce Canyon. Are these legends mine? Are these songs mine to tell? Can I tell people the fact that seeing the patterns of native american pottery actually puts me at ease, makes me feel at home, in ways that other things... don't? That I yearned to enter the cities of the Pueblo left behind at Mesa Verde, that they called to me, and I could not enter, could only speculate at the lives once lived there?

I don't know.

Native tribes probbably wouldn't accept me among them. I cannot claim one as my ancestors. I can't even declare with certainty I have any Native American Ancestors.

I grew up learning martial arts, a Korean Style called Tang Soo Do, passed down from my father, who learned it at great expense. I learned to love the sword, to learn many fragments of the Korean Language, and always seek to know more, and have adopted many aspects of martial arts culture. I bow reflexively in respect to others, be it a small nod of the head, or an accidental full bow in times of exhaustion. I have accidentally bowed while crossign the threshold of my home, or while entering a gymnasium, or while entering my bedroom. I shake hands with my left arm tucked under my right elbow- a habit engrained through years of shaking the hands of other martial artists in greeting, and I accept things offered to me with both hands - a custom I have learned is prevelant in Asia.

I cry when I watch the end of elemental - they have the Big Bow- what do we have here in America? In India, they have ways to show maximum respect to their fathers, to their elders, to show their gratitude, great gestures to save for those of Import. What do I have? I yearn to show this level of respect for my own parents, to share with them a gesture that is filled with such meaning, and I am left feeling that I have NOTHING save to invite them to the events which are of greatest significance. Do I make something, a masterwork weapon to gift to my father, to echo the many training weapons he made and gave to me? What could possibly convey this?

Our culture has nothing. We have to borrow from others around us.

I learned that there are Ties within our style to Shotokon, in Japan, to Shaolin Boxing, in China, and to a dozen other styles around the world. Are any of these tales and stories mine to tell? Can I truly claim legacy with the Hwa'Rang'Dan? Can I claim sincerely descendance through training, through legacy of instructor and teacher, back to the Silla Dynasty in 57 BC? My martial arts legacy is 3 steps away from Chuck Norris, and 3 steps away from Grandmaster Jae Chul Shin - does that matter?

I don't know - some will tell me yes - many will tell me no.

Lastly. I came to live in another country, to learn the legacy of Artigas, of San Martin and Belgrano - of their fight against the Spanyards, and I learned of the battle of Tucumán, and felt great pride for the fact that the Gouchos fought like demons. I came to speak Spanish, Castellano specifically, and to take to the language so well I had to take a couple months to learn english again when I returned, and months more to remember what a "Watermellon" was called. I began to feel most comfortable with an Aguayo sash around my waist, a knife tucked in the wraps, and my favorite way to keep warm in winter mornings to this day is to Don my Poncho in the colors of Salta, and remember the cable cars, the climb down the hill, the sights and crisp mornings that always greeted me, the briliant golden light of the main Plaza of Salta or Monteros during the day, or the sight of the night sky as I looked at a moon that seemed to Wax and Wane in reverse.

I am not from there- but still, to this day - Castellano leaps to my lips, and the Chacarerra brings me comfort. I'm sad I lost my hat - I actually thought I looked good in that one.

And I miss Gaseosa Secco.

oh forgotten gods of all my ancestors - Secco is fantastic, and if you are in Santiago del Estero for some reason - you need to try some.

I think, one of the defining traits of life as an american... is the hollowness. We do not really have a food to call our own. We do not really have legends beyond our founding, save those our ancestors brought with them, and shared to their kids. Many are immigrants- they have the stories of their homelands, and they claim them as theirs. People say that our legacy as Americans is that we posess all legacies- but that's not really the case. Cultures do not readily share, do not readily welcome outsiders, and we are not really part and pacel of any culture, not really. There is a void there that used to be filled with patriotism, but as despotism, fascism, curruption, and inumerable other ills cause our nation to crumble from within, as corporations dictate the whims of law, and cause those of use who are simply trying to live life to flail, to flounder, to scream and rage futily against a system too megalithic for us even to understand....

We are left with nothing.

Maybe that Is why we hold to our guns - the only stories we have left are of the revolution - stories of hunters who drove off an empire. Perhaps this is why we are so violent- for stories of violence are the only stories we can truly call our own.

I want to claim the stories of my clansmen - for I feel this claim the most direct.

But... I was not raised on those legends.

I was raised playing with my brothers, pretending Loki, Hermes, and Coyote were names for one crazy individual - I was raised reading about all these other cultures, with their names and customs, and dreaming I might see a white buffalo someday, or that I might track and kill an Elk the traditional way - I almost hunted one with a Katana directly drawn from the sheath - that action might describe this clash of cultures best. An american descended from the English, the Scottish, and who knows what else, wearing a krorean do-bohk and nearly hunting one of the most American Animals possible with a Japanese weapon, and then cursing in Spanish when I missed.

I am so deeply American it almost hurts. In the continental sense, not in the national sense. We were on this continent before the USA, and we come from and have been to countries all over these two continents.

I meet people daily from Israel, and wonder if the Geneology that ties me back to the Tribe of Ephraim lets me claim kinship with them, who come from the Tribe of Judah. I meet people from Ethiopia, and am in awe at the beauty of their language. I meet people from spain, Cambodia, the Philipenes, California, Wyoming, New York City, Mexico, China, Vietnamn, and Ukraine - and all of them are equally foreign, equally similar to myself. I teach them, and we all have legends to share - stories to pass around. I have heard legends from other cultures, and in turn have taught them the tale of Achiles.

As was said by Hugh Laurie - "America is too big to [even] know itself."

My soul wails, for it does not have a people, and I search for them constantly. I search for friends, I try to live in whatever culture remains to us- but what is that? Is it the DnD which many of us have fled to as our means of telling stories, of gathering around the fire? Is it the dying breed of the cowboy, who used to be common when I was growing up, herding their sheep and horses, fighting mountain lions in my lifetime, and hunting deer with bows and arrows? Is it our culture that we learn to make things that originally hailed from so many other cultures? Is it the Martial Arts family that I have truly come to love and cherish in a way similar- although not as critical or tight- as the ties I feel to my blood-kin?

My father hand-makes recurve bows, and fletches his own arrows, and taught us to do the same- We learn to make and repair swords, and each have affinities for swords of different legacies. Weapons hailing from different countries. We learned how to bind books, like the europeans did, and like the Maya did once upon a time, before the Conquista, and practiced writing on rice and slats of wood, inspired by the Chinese and Japanese.

I want to scream, I want to cry out and unify the threads of my identity -

But.... around what?

what can I claim to be?

I don't Know.

[plethoraworldatlas]

The federal Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service is proposing to spray toxic insecticides within treasured and significant landscapes of the Colorado Plateau in northern Arizona to kill native grasshoppers.

The areas being considered include portions of the Vermilion Cliffs National Monument, Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument, and the newly designated Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni – Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon National Monument.

“This is a dangerous plan that could kill creatures that are key to northern Arizona’s unique biodiversity, which these national monuments were designated to protect,” said Taylor McKinnon, Southwest director at the Center for Biological Diversity. “The federal government needs to stop downplaying the extinction crisis and back off its reckless plan to smother biodiversity hotspots with toxic pesticides.”

One out of every 10 plant species in the Colorado Plateau region is found nowhere else on Earth.

The agency's draft environmental assessment omits mention of the national monuments and unique species and habitats they were designated to protect. These species include rare bees, butterflies and other creatures found nowhere else, like the Kaibab monkey grasshopper and House Rock Valley chisel-toothed kangaroo rat, specifically named in the August proclamation establishing the Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni National Monument.

APHIS oversees and funds the application of multiple pesticides on rangelands to prevent native grasshoppers and Mormon crickets from competing with livestock for forage.

The proposed insecticides — carbaryl, diflubenzuron and chlorantraniliprole — are indiscriminate. In addition to the grasshoppers the agency is targeting, the insecticides can also kill bees, moths and other insects. Spraying can harm entire ecosystems by disrupting pollination and can harm populations of birds, reptiles and mammals who feed on grasshoppers and insects.

Although grasshoppers and Mormon crickets can be locally abundant from time to time, native plants and other wildlife evolved with these cycles. Introducing pesticides to eliminate native grasshoppers is a shortsighted, quick fix that fails to consider the complex interrelationships within these delicate ecosystems.

The agency’s draft analysis shows that it has failed to consult with affected Tribes with ties to the Grand Canyon area. The Grand Canyon Tribal Coalition, which proposed the Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni National Monument, includes members of the Havasupai Tribe, Hopi Tribe, Hualapai Tribe, Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians, Las Vegas Tribe of Paiutes, Moapa Band of Paiute Indians, Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah, Shivwits Band of Paiutes, Navajo Nation, San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe, Yavapai-Apache Nation, Zuni Tribe and Colorado River Indian Tribes.

“It’s so important that APHIS honor the promise made to work together with Tribal nations to protect the sacred spaces and resources within the Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni Monument when it was established less than six months ago,” said Sharon Selvaggio, pesticide program specialist with The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. “We call on the agency to protect natural systems on Tribal and public lands by employing nonchemical management that allows humans and wildlife to thrive.”

In March 2023 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency published a draft biological opinion from NOAA Fisheries showing that carbaryl is likely to jeopardize 37 species protected under the Endangered Species Act, and harm 36 designated critical habitats.

While Arizona is not home to any of the species named in that report, the findings show the extreme harm carbaryl poses to endangered fish and other species.

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which is charged with protecting endangered plants and animals, has not yet completed a proper analysis of the potential harms from the APHIS proposal. Potentially vulnerable endangered species in Arizona include Chiricahua leopard frogs, western yellow-billed cuckoos, Gila chub, black-footed ferrets and Siler pincushion cacti.

APHIS is accepting comments on the proposal until 4 p.m. MST on Feb. 2.

[mybookof-you]

Douglas-fir - Pseudotsuga menziesii

"All parts of the Douglas-fir had medicinal uses. The pitch was used for cuts, boils, and other skin problems, coughs and sore throats, and injured or dislocated bones. It could be mixed with oil and taken as an emetic (to promote vomiting) and purgative (a strong laxative) for intestinal pains, diarrhea, and rheumatism, among other ailments. It was also taken as a diuretic for gonorrhea. The bark had antiseptic properties and was useful for bleeding bowels and stomach problems, excessive menstruation, and allergies caused by touching water hemlock. The needles were used for a good general tonic and a treatment for paralysis. Bud tips were chewed for mouth sores. A decoction or infusion of young shoots was used for colds, venereal disease, kidney problems, an athlete’s foot preventative, or an emetic for high fevers and anemia.

Douglas-fir didn’t provide quite as much food as some other trees, but as with many other evergreens, the pitch could be chewed like gum or eaten as a sugar-like food. The needles and young shoots could provide a tea, and seeds were reportedly used as food, though they weren’t nearly as large and nutritious as the seeds of the pinyon.

The wood found its way into such useful implements as snowshoe frames, bows, spear shafts, tepee poles, and dugout canoes. Boughs made good camping beds and sweathouse floors. Twigs could function as a coarse twine wrap in basket making, and pitch could be used as glue and a patching material for canoes. Rotten wood was used to smoke buckskin, thereby preserving and dying it. Many tribes had various ceremonial uses for parts of the Douglas-fir.

The interior Salish tribes of B.C. ate a white, crystalline sugar that sometimes appeared on the branches during hot weather in early summer.

The coastal Salish steamed tree knots and placed them in kelp stems overnight, then bent them to make fishhooks.

The Okanagan-Colville of British Columbia used the branches as a purification scrub for the bereaved. The Thompson tribe used them in a similar fashion for good luck. They also chewed the peeled plant tops as a mouth freshener, and used the shoots in moccasin tips to help keep their feet from sweating. Hunters made a branch scrub to prevent deer from detecting their scent.

The Karok used soot from the burned pitch to rub into the punctures of girls’ skin tattoos and the wood to make hooks for climbing sugar pine trees.

The Northern Paiute of Oregon used the branches as a flavoring for barbecued bear meat.

The Swinomish of Washington used the boiled bark on fish nets as a light brown dye to help camouflage the nets from fish.

The Chehalis and Cowlitz of Washington used the cones as charms to stop the rain.

The Shoshone used this tree for shelter and its sap for sealing water jugs."

Native American Uses of Utah Forest Trees

[probskay]

This is also a room that is bizarre on first brush but begins to make sense when you understand the context behind it.

I live in Utah, and I used to live in a house where my bedroom would have been designed similarly and, had a photo been taken of it at the time, very well may have ended up on this blog.

See, Utah has a quirk in a lot of its older housing of having been built in the 1900's, with many homes being built between 1920 and 1970. The older the house is, the worse the architectural decisions being made become. Utah is known for its high Mormon population, but what most outsiders to the state don't think about is the recency of its population boom compared to other states. The city of Ogden, Utah, around 30 miles north of Salt Lake City (the state capital) is one of the stops that an old transcontinental railroad used to run through. The place got a lot of immigrant foot traffic as a result.

Prior to that population boom, Utah was a rather insular state consisting primarily of Mormon Settlers and whatever native populations hadn't been genocided yet. In southern Utah, indigenous tribes were often partially nomadic or entirely stationary, meanwhile northern Utah tribes were primarily nomadic. As well, the Mormons were a persecuted group in the rest of the United States, meaning that the people who chose to go to Utah typically could not have effective contact with other states and their expert laborers. This isolation meant that the Mormon colonists were forced to become almost entirely self reliant in nearly every aspect of life. Traders would stop by, sure, but it wouldn't be until closer to Utah acquiring proper statehood that they would be more open to engaging in outside, non-Mormon populations.

(side note, the Mormons actually tried to create a new language that could have been used by them, Mexicans, Utes, Paiutes, and other indigenous tribes in order to both make converting those groups who didn't speak English easier alongside creating a further rift between them and the rest of the English speaking united states in their efforts to become an independent nation. that didn't pan out)

This means the Mormons were building their own houses, and by god were they mediocre at it. This also meant the entire state had set a precedent that people would just build their own houses, so when those population booms I mentioned earlier started happening, other immigrants and laborers would show up and build their own houses, too, and their expertise was often just as questionable.

Another very important fact about Mormonism is that having large families is seen as a moral good. While not nearly as openly praises today as it once was, the long abandoned institution of polygamy ensured that having a lot of kids with your spouse(s) would remain a staple of many Mormon families for a long time. In other places in the u.s., hearing about a family with 8 kids is a rare oddity. In Utah, 8 kids is on the higher end of things but doesn't turn too many heads when people talk about having that many siblings.

This creates a scenario. You are a Mormon family colonising Utah. You've got 4-8 children with you. Perhaps there is even more than one wife in the family. You're building a house with little oversight from a real architect and no oversight from OSHA. You are going to maximize your space. You need many bedrooms in order to house yourself, your spouse, and your children. You also need a basement where the temperature remains colder and you can keep food. You build this tall house, and you have all this attic room where an adult can't stand very comfortably, but children? They're practically built for such a small space!

This, you get a room like this. There is an obvious slant on the edge of the room where the ceiling is, and if you cut through that you would remove a few inches of wood and be greeted with open sky.

This example in particular is especially funny because of how obvious the modern renovations on this old style of home are. That weird blue wall on the right was likely added at some point in order to clean up the space a little, make is seem more uniform. Unfortunately it also removes precious square footage, enough square footage to fit an entire queen sized mattress, where with the wall you would be lucky to fit a full.

The kind of teal patterning on the left side of the photo? Absolutely baffling. I couldn't explain that without talking to whoever installed it to ask why it's there. Clearly the wall jutting out of that empty space is hiding necessary support beams that keep the house standing, but what's with the texture? Why is it different from the paint on the wall around it as well as this bright baby blue wall mere feet away as well? Is that what all of the walls look like, but the rest of them have been painted over? Without speaking to whoever built the home and whoever made the renovations later, we could never possibly know.

S Jones Road, Monroe, Utah.

[disruptiveempathy]

To head the [Bureau of Indian Affairs], Truman appointed Dillon S. Meyer, former director of the War Relocation Authority and administrator of the World War II Japanese Internment Program. Meyer surrounded himself at the BIA with other bureaucrats who favored termination, preparing the administrative machinery for a national withdrawal program. The passage of House Concurrent Resolution Number 108 in 1953 allowed Congress to pass specific legislation terminating treaty relationships with various tribes as a means of denying Indian sovereignty. Between 1954 and 1962, Congress terminated several tribes, most notably the Klamath, Menominee, and some groups of Paiute in Utah, but these initiatives ultimately affected only about 3 percent of the Indian population.

—Roger Giles, from "Public Housing on the Reservation," published in the American Indian Culture and Research Journal

[proximityapartment]

Proximity Apartment Homes

Regarding renovated apartments in Salt Lake City area, choosing the best one is highly recommended nowadays. All you have to do is look for reviews online and check out realty websites. One of the well-known rental apartments is Proximity Apartment Homes. At Proximity, it’s easier to experience chic city living. Having a luxurious, safe, and accessible apartment home is also offered to those who would like to stay there. Situated just minutes from the heart of downtown Salt Lake City, they offer modern living. In addition, you can experience a lifestyle where city living meets relaxed refinement. By the way, have you heard about Proximity Apartment Homes in the past?

Proximity Apartment Homes in Salt Lake City, UT

There are many extraordinary apartment homes in the Salt Lake City, UT area. To find the best one, you should also ask referrals from family and friends as the first step. In addition, you can try checking out the website of Proximity Apartment Homes. Aside from that, the aforementioned said apartment complex provides noteworthy living space for you. Based on those who are familiar with the place, you can enjoy the expansive walk-in closets if you opt to rent an apartment unit there. Furthermore, their closets are also designed to store all your essentials in style and more. Lastly, their homes are designed with ceiling fans and air conditioning. Isn’t it wonderful?

Salt Lake City, UT

These days, it’s understandable when many people want to know more about the early settlers of Salt Lake City, UT. In line with that, before settlement by members of the LDS Church, the Shoshone, Weber Ute, and Paiute had dwelt in the Salt Lake Valley for thousands of years. Additionally, the valley was within the territory of the Northwestern Shoshone at the time of Salt Lake City's founding. Apart from that, one local Shoshone tribe, the Western Goshute tribe, had names for the Jordan River, City Creek, and Red Butte Canyon. Then, the Goshutes also lived in the vicinity of Salt Lake and the valleys to the west.

Tracy Aviary & Botanical Gardens

Have you been to Salt Lake City, UT area before? Well, it has a well-known place named Tracy Aviary & Botanical Gardens. In addition, many people aspire to visit the beautiful place. Tracy Aviary is a beautiful oasis, home to over 400 birds right in the heart of Liberty Park. Apart from that, guests can enjoy interactive bird shows, participate in daily feedings, attend engaging educational programs, and more. Then, the last admission is one hour before closing. Additionally, one of their guests shared a review online that, "The staff was great and the little sandwich place had really good food."

Planning on a road trip for Labor Day? UDOT says be ready for delays

There are many thought-provoking and interesting news reports in Salt Lake City, UT. One of the said stories is about delays on trips. Based on the news, 2024's summer travel season is coming to a close with many people expected to travel domestically. No wonder we should be prepared when it comes to delays. According to AAA, it’s essential to take note of possible delays. Moreover, it was also mentioned in the report that the automotive club stated that bookings for domestic travel in the U.S. this weekend is up 9% compared to last year. Ahead of the busy travel days, Utah Department of Transportation is asking drivers to pack their patience with several delays expected throughout the state.

Link to map

Tracy Aviary at Liberty Park 589 E 1300 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84105, United States Take S Constitution Dr to 1300 S 2 min (0.3 mi) Drive along I-15 N 10 min (5.2 mi) Drive to your destination 39 sec (302 ft) Proximity Apartment Homes 780 N 900 W, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, United States

[rvtravellife]

Zion National Park Utah: A Comprehensive Guide

by Hesham Murad Zion National Park Utah is a stunning natural sanctuary known for its towering cliffs, red canyons, and lush valleys. Located in southwestern Utah, the park is part of the Grand Staircase and spans approximately 229 square miles..... Introduction to Zion National Park Utah Imagine stepping into a vast landscape of towering cliffs, deep red canyons, and lush green valleys. This is the majestic scene that greets visitors at Zion National Park, located in southwestern Utah. A sanctuary of natural beauty, Zion is not just a national park; it's a testament to the power and grandeur of nature. An overview of Zion National Park Utah's location and significance as a national park Settled comfortably in the heart of the Colorado Plateau, Zion National Park Utah is a key part of the Grand Staircase, a sequence of sedimentary rock layers that stretches south from Bryce Canyon National Park through Zion and culminates at the Grand Canyon. With its diverse ecosystems and unique geography, Zion has become a significant natural preserve and a jewel in the crown of the United States' National Park Service. Established in 1919, the park spans approximately 229 square miles and offers a retreat for those seeking solace in its serene landscapes and for adventurers alike. Brief history of the park and its establishment While human history in the area dates back thousands of years with Native American tribes like the Ancestral Puebloans and the Paiute, Zion's modern story began in the early 20th century. Originally named Mukuntuweap National Monument by President William Taft in 1909, it was through the dedicated efforts of people like Methodist minister Frederick Vining Fisher that the monument gained greater attention. Through Fisher's descriptive letters to influential friends and government officials, he advocated for the protection of Zion's beauty. In 1919, an act of Congress officially established Zion National Park, solidifying its place as a protected haven and ensuring its wonders would endure for generations to come. Teaser of what readers can expect from the guide As you delve deeper into this comprehensive guide, get ready to uncover the secrets of Zion. From the iconic hikes up Angel's Landing to the tranquil Emerald Pools, we will explore every nook and cranny. Discover the best times to visit, where to stay, and how to navigate the park responsibly. Alongside practical tips, we'll share stories that breathe life into the park's history and highlight the importance of conservation efforts that safeguard its future. So lace up your boots, pack your sense of wonder, and join us on this journey through the awe-inspiring Zion National Park! PlayZion National Park Exploring the Wonders of Zion National Park Utah Step into a realm where nature's artistry is on grand display. Zion National Park, with its towering cliffs and deep red canyons, beckons adventurers and nature lovers alike. But what exactly makes Zion's geological formations so unique? Let's unearth the secrets etched into the park's landscapes. Unique Geological Formations and Landscapes Zion National Park Utah serves as a stunning showcase of the power of natural forces. Over millions of years, the Virgin River has sculpted Zion's canyon, carving through layers of rock to create the majestic canyon walls that stand today. The most iconic of these formations is the Great White Throne, an immense monolith rising nearly 2,400 feet above the canyon floor. Another awe-inspiring feature is the Checkerboard Mesa, with its grid-like pattern etched onto the sandstone, a result of weathering and erosion. These landmarks represent just a fraction of the geological wonders awaiting visitors. Diverse Flora and Fauna Amidst this rugged landscape lies an astonishing array of life. In the lower reaches of the park, cottonwood trees line the riverbanks, while cacti dot the arid desert environment. As one ascends, pinyon pines and junipers thrive, eventually giving way to a forest of ponderosa pines at higher elevations. This diversity of habitats makes Zion a haven for wildlife. Mule deer, bighorn sheep, and even the elusive mountain lion roam the park. Bird enthusiasts can delight in spotting peregrine falcons and the California condor, once on the brink of extinction. Top Attractions and Must-See Spots Zion's attractions are as diverse as its ecosystems. For many, a visit isn't complete without braving the heights of Angels Landing. This challenging hike rewards the brave with panoramic views of Zion Canyon. Equally breathtaking, the Narrows invites hikers to wade through the Virgin River's waters, flanked by towering canyon walls. For those seeking serenity, the Emerald Pools offer a tranquil respite, with waterfalls spilling over algae-colored cliffs into clear pools below. Each attraction not only provides a feast for the eyes but also tells a part of Zion's rich geological and cultural story. Reasons to Visit Zion National Park Utah Have you ever wondered why millions of people are drawn to Zion National Park Utah each year? The reasons are as abundant as the park's natural splendors..... Read More... Read the full article

[tyltos]

https://www.sltrib.com/news/education/2023/07/11/paiute-tribe-confirms-bodies-12/

Another gravesite with twelve children from multiple different tribes was found in southern Utah just a few weeks ago. (June 2023) It happened all over North America, in everyone's backyard. This needs to be known and never forgotten.

Hey remember when they found over 200 bodies of native children buried behind a residential school and the world cared for... what, a week?

They've counted about 6,000-7,000 now, for those of you who do still care

[captainmdhridoyhossain-blog]

[ad_1] It is December, and in case you are now not in a position for the vacations but, Utah's nationwide parks certain are.As parks transition to wintry weather, hours of operations are converting, as are the introduced facilities. There also are closures and allow adjustments, so you should definitely take a look at the park's web page to grasp sooner than you move.Here is the previous two weeks in Utah nationwide park information:Within the information:First:Zion National Park shuttles are closed for the season as park approaches record 5M visitorsZion Nationwide Park has formally parked their shuttles for the season remaining weekend however will reopen for Christmas and New Yr's.2d:Man dead in Zion National Park canyoneering incident above Emerald Pools, two rescuedA Sunday seek and rescue in Zion led to a fatality in Lots Canyon whilst two canyoneers have been rescued. 3rd:Meet the new mayors-elect of Utah's national park gateway townsThe Spectrum spoke with the brand new mayors-elect of gateway-towns Moab, Springdale and Torrey to be told extra about them and gauge their positions at the present problems dealing with their nationwide park.Fourth:Self-driving shuttle buses at national parks? Public lands look to improve visitors' experienceFinal month, Inner Secretary Deb Haaland and Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg mentioned they'd "take a look at probably the most latest and maximum leading edge trip applied sciences on public lands and give a boost to guests' tourism revel in."Inbox:The Utah Lacking and Murdered Indigenous Girls and Women job power met on Nov. 20 to hear the tales of the ones suffering from the epidemic. The overall recording of the consultation is at the Utah Legislature's website.Extra:Utah activists, leader discuss missing and murdered Indigenous people on annual remembrance dayThat very same week, Charles F. “Chuck” Sams III was once showed because the Director of the Nationwide Park Provider and is the primary Local American to carry the place of job. The location has been vacant because the Obama management.Additionally, Inner Secretary Deb Haaland on Friday officially declared “squaw” a derogatory time period throughout remaining month's Tribal Countries Summit for Local American Heritage Month. Removing of the phrase was once thought to be on this yr's Utah legislative consultation as neatly.Extra:Bill to change offensively named places advances in Utah Legislature, Paiutes in supportGarfield County held its inaugural "Absolute best of Garfield County" awards by way of "highlighting native companies servicing Bryce Canyon Nation." Winners have been introduced on Bryce Canyon Nation's Twitter and in a press release.The Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation in northern Utah entered right into a Tribal Historical Preservation settlement with the Division of the Inner remaining month, transferring some preservation tasks to the tribe.Glen Canyon Nationwide Sport Space and Lake Powell are maintaining a "Brown Trout Bonanza" to regulate the fish inhabitants beginning on Wednesday and during the finish of January, awarding money prizes as much as $500 for the biggest and maximum brown trout stuck plus bonuses.Social media:Rangers at Arches National Park found an illegal camp full of 150 pounds of trash in mid-November and asked for applicants for the seasonal backcountry ranger team to help with this and other assignments in the park.Bryce Canyon National Park announced new changes to campground reservations, backcountry permits and dump station fees last weekend, so check the park's website before making plans!Capitol Reef National Park posted an educational snippet about their unique Waterpocket Fold.Canyonlands National Park posted about the desert plants that grow in the park that ancient Native Americans used to eat.Zion posted about Pipe Spring National Monument, about 60 miles away from the park, and it's rich history.Town meetings:No local governments discussed public lands matters these past two weeks.

The upcoming town meetings for the next two weeks are:St. George City Council meets on Dec. 2 at 5 p.m.Bryce Canyon City Council meets Dec. 7 at 10 a.m.San Juan County Commission meets Dec. 7 at 11 a.m.Grand County and Washington County Commissions meet Dec. 7 at 4 p.m.Springdale Town Council meets Dec. 8 at 5 p.m.Rockville Town Council meets Dec. 8 at 6 p.m.Tropic Town Council meets Dec. 9 at 6 p.m.Torrey Town Council meets Dec. 9 at 6:30 p.m.Iron County Commission meets Dec. 13 at 9 a.m.Garfield County Commission meets Dec. 13 at 10 a.m.Kane County Commission meets Dec. 14 at 10 a.m.Washington County Commission meets Dec. 14 at 1:30 p.m.Moab City Council meets Dec. 14 at 7 p.m.Weather forecast:According to the National Weather Service, Arches, Canyonlands and Capitol Reef should be clear and in the mid-50s. Bryce Canyon should be in the low 50s and clear. Zion should be in the low 70s and clear.K. Sophie Will is the National Parks Reporter for The Spectrum & Daily News through the Report for America initiative by The GroundTruth Project. Follow her on Twitter at @ksophiewill or electronic mail her at kswill@thespectrum.com. Donate to Record for The usa to toughen her paintings here. [ad_2] #Utah #nationwide #parks #transition #seasonal #operations

[roamanddiscover]

Utah

Utah, situated in the western United States, is a state famous for its awe-inspiring national parks, world-class skiing destinations, and unique landscape that draws visitors from around the globe. The state is known for its diverse and vibrant geography that includes mountains, canyons, deserts, and forests, making it an ideal destination for outdoor enthusiasts. Utah's natural beauty is showcased in its five national parks, including Zion National Park, Bryce Canyon National Park, and Arches National Park, each with its unique scenery and geological formations. Visitors can enjoy a range of activities, from hiking and rock climbing to horseback riding and rafting, all surrounded by Utah's stunning natural surroundings. Aside from its national parks, Utah is also known for its world-class skiing destinations, attracting visitors from around the world to experience the state's legendary powder snow. Ski resorts such as Park City, Deer Valley, and Alta offer a range of terrain for skiers and snowboarders of all levels, along with luxurious accommodations and après-ski activities. Utah's landscape is also unique, with features such as the Great Salt Lake, the largest saltwater lake in the western hemisphere, and the Wasatch Mountains, which offer breathtaking views of the surrounding areas. Utah boasts stunning rock formations, including the iconic Delicate Arch and the sweeping landscape of Monument Valley. For those looking to experience Utah's culture and history, the state features several museums that chronicle the region's past, including the Natural History Museum of Utah and the Utah Museum of Fine Arts, showcasing the state's art and culture scene. - Utah's unique landscape, abundant outdoor activities, and vibrant culture make it a must-visit destination for travelers of all types.

Etymology

'people of the mountains'. Utah's name is steeped in history, with its origins rooted in the Ute Indian tribe who were the first inhabitants of the area. The Ute tribe, who resided in the Rocky Mountains and surrounding areas, were known for their resilience, bravery, and deep connection to nature. The name Utah itself comes from the Ute language, where it was pronounced as "Yuta" meaning "people of the mountains". This name was given to the region by early explorers and eventually became the official name of the state in 1896 when it gained statehood. The Ute people were not the only Native American tribe to inhabit Utah, as the state was also home to various other tribes like the Paiute, Shoshone, and Navajo, each with their unique history and culture. In addition to its Native American roots, Utah's name also has ties to the Spanish explorers who first traveled through the area in the 16th century. Spanish explorers referred to the area as "Sierra de Utah" or "the mountains of Utah", cementing the connection between the state and its mountainous terrain. The name Utah has since become synonymous with the state's unique landscape and natural beauty, which continues to attract millions of visitors every year. From towering mountain peaks to stunning canyons, Utah is a true testament to the power and wonder of nature.

History

Utah's history is a fascinating tale of exploration, conquest, and settlement. The first inhabitants of the area were Native American tribes, including the Ute, Paiute, and Shoshone, who lived off the land for thousands of years. In the 16th century, Spanish explorers led by Francisco Vásquez de Coronado traveled through Utah in search of the fabled Seven Cities of Gold. They established no permanent settlements in the area, but their stories sparked an interest in the region for future explorers and settlers. In the 1820s and 1830s, fur trappers and traders ventured into Utah, establishing trading posts and opening up new routes for travel. In 1846, the United States fought a war with Mexico and gained control of the Utah region, which was then under Mexican rule. The mid-1800s saw a more significant influx of settlers into Utah, with members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) making their way to the area in search of a new home. Led by Brigham Young, the Mormons founded Salt Lake City in 1847 and began to establish settlements throughout the region. The settlement of Utah by Mormons was a pivotal moment in its history, as it led to conflicts with the US government and other settlers. The Mormon pioneers were self-sufficient and industrious, building successful communities and developing a unique culture that still influences the state today. Utah's history was not without controversy, however, as conflicts between settlers and Native Americans, as well as disputes with the federal government, led to bloodshed and unrest. The infamous Mountain Meadows Massacre of 1857, in which a group of Mormons and Native Americans killed over 120 emigrants passing through the area, remains a dark chapter in Utah's history. Despite its difficult past, Utah has grown and prospered in the years since its settlement. Today, it boasts a vibrant and diverse population, a strong economy, and a rich cultural heritage that is celebrated by its residents.

Geology

Utah's geology is as diverse as it is stunning. The state's dramatic rock formations, sweeping canyons, and soaring mountain ranges were shaped over millions of years by ancient seas, volcanoes, and erosion. The Wasatch Range, a mountain range that runs through the state's center, is a prime example of the state's diverse geology. The range is composed of several distinct layers of rock that were lifted up over time due to seismic activity. The lower layers are older and made up of sedimentary rock, while the top layers are younger and formed from volcanic rock. Another famous geological feature of Utah is Bryce Canyon National Park, located in the southern part of the state. The park's stunning red rock formations, known as hoodoos, were formed over millions of years from erosion caused by water and freezing temperatures. The park also features numerous natural amphitheaters, formed from the erosion of softer rock layers over time. The state is also home to several ancient volcano sites, including one in the southwestern part of the state that erupted millions of years ago, leaving behind a caldera that is now a popular site for hiking and camping. In addition to its towering mountain ranges and unique rock formations, Utah is also home to several significant geological sites, such as the Bonneville Salt Flats, a vast area of barren salt flats that stretches for miles, and the Great Salt Lake, the largest saltwater lake in the Western Hemisphere. Utah's diverse geology is a testament to the state's unique and ancient origins, and offers visitors a glimpse into the incredible natural forces that have shaped the American West for millions of years.

Geography

Utah's geography is truly unique, with diverse landscapes that include the stunning Great Salt Lake, the towering Wasatch Range, and numerous national parks and monuments that showcase the state's natural beauty. The Great Salt Lake, located in the northern part of the state, is a massive inland sea that covers over 1,700 square miles. It is the largest saltwater lake in the Western Hemisphere and is famous for its otherworldly beauty, with pink sunsets and dazzling white salt flats. The Wasatch Range, which runs parallel to the eastern border of the state, is a series of mountains that rise over 11,000 feet in elevation. The range is home to several world-class ski resorts, including Park City and Snowbird, as well as countless opportunities for hiking, mountain biking, and rock climbing. Utah's national parks and monuments are some of the most beautiful and iconic in the country, including Zion National Park with its towering red cliffs, Bryce Canyon National Park with its unique hoodoos, and Arches National Park with its incredible natural arches. Other notable geographic features in Utah include the Uinta Mountains in the northeast part of the state, which are the highest range in the country that runs east to west, and the stunning Monument Valley on the southern border. With such a diverse and beautiful landscape, it's no wonder that Utah is a popular destination for outdoor enthusiasts and nature lovers from around the world. Whether you're interested in skiing, hiking, camping, or just soaking up the stunning scenery, Utah's geography has something for everyone.

Ecology

Utah's ecology is truly fascinating and diverse, with a wide range of plant and animal species found in various habitats throughout the state. The unique ecology of Utah can be attributed to its varied geography and climate, including deserts, forests, mountain ranges, and wetlands. In Utah's deserts, succulent plants such as cacti, yucca, and agave thrive alongside hardy shrubs and grasses. Sagebrush, a signature plant of the Great Basin region, is also abundant in Utah's arid landscapes. Utah's forests are a mix of coniferous and deciduous trees, ranging from towering pines and firs to quaking aspens and cottonwoods. These forests provide habitat for a variety of birds, mammals, and insects, including moose, elk, bears, and mountain lions. The mountain ranges of Utah also host an array of plant and animal life, from alpine tundra species at higher elevations to majestic forests of Douglas fir, spruce, and pine. The state's highest peak, Kings Peak, towers above the Uinta Mountains and is home to unique species such as the Uinta chipmunk and bighorn sheep. Utah's wetlands are critical ecosystems that provide habitat for a variety of bird species, including the iconic American white pelican and endangered species such as the California condor. Wetlands are also home to unique plant species such as cattails, bulrushes, and sedges. Utah's ecology faces several threats, including habitat loss due to human development and climate change. It's crucial to protect these unique habitats and the plant and animal species that call them home. - Unique species: Utah is home to several unique animal species, such as the Utah prairie dog, Bonneville Cutthroat Trout, and Mojave Desert tortoise. - Diverse habitats: The diverse geography of Utah provides habitats for a wide range of species, from deserts to forests and wetlands. - Threats: Habitat loss and climate change are major threats to Utah's ecology, making conservation efforts essential. Utah's ecology is a testament to the state's natural beauty and unique characteristics. It's important to appreciate and protect these habitats and their inhabitants for future generations to enjoy.

Biodiversity

Utah's diverse ecology is home to a wide range of plant and animal species, making it an important region for biodiversity in the United States. The state is home to several rare and endangered species, including the Bonneville Cutthroat Trout and the Utah Prairie Dog. Conservation efforts aim to protect these species and their habitats from threats such as habitat destruction and invasive species. Besides rare species, Utah also has abundant wildlife, including elk, deer, and coyotes. These animals can be found throughout the state, from the forests of the High Uintas to the deserts in southern Utah. Wildlife watching and hunting are popular activities in many parts of the state, with many dedicated wildlife management areas and hunting units. Utah's diverse landscape, including its forests, deserts, and wetlands, provides a home for many different types of plant life. Some unique and rare species include the Fremont Cottonwood, the Great Basin Sagebrush, and the Zion Milkvetch. Utah's rich biodiversity is an important part of its natural heritage, and efforts to protect these species and their habitats are a critical part of ensuring the state's natural beauty and ecological health for generations to come.

Utah Prairie Dog

Climate

Utah is known for its varied geography, which contributes to its range of climates. Summers in much of the state are hot, with temperatures averaging between 85-100 degrees Fahrenheit. In contrast, winters can be extremely cold, with temperatures dropping below freezing in many areas. In January, the coldest month, the average temperature in Salt Lake City is 29 degrees Fahrenheit. Utah's mountainous regions experience the most significant temperature variations, with temperatures dropping at higher elevations. Utah's higher elevations also see frequent snowfall, with some areas receiving up to 500 inches of snow each year, making it one of the best states for skiing and snowboarding in the United States. Utah's desert regions experience much less snowfall and have a drier climate, which contributes to high temperatures in the summer. These regions also experience significant temperature fluctuations, with nighttime temperatures sometimes falling below freezing. If you're planning to visit Utah, it's essential to pack accordingly for the weather. Summers call for light clothing, whereas winters require heavy jackets and snow gear. it's a good idea to check the weather forecast for the area you'll be visiting before you go - Utah's climate can vary significantly even within different parts of the state.

Environmental Issues

Despite its natural wonders, Utah is not immune to environmental challenges. One of the major concerns is air pollution, particularly in the Salt Lake Valley region, where vehicle and industrial emissions get trapped by surrounding mountains and create a thick smog. This poses health risks to residents, especially those with respiratory conditions. Another issue is water scarcity, with Utah being one of the driest states in the country. Many communities rely on limited water resources, and with a growing population, the demand for water is increasing. Climate change and drought conditions exacerbate this problem. Human activity also impacts fragile ecosystems and endangered species. Development and urbanization encroach on wildlife habitats, disrupt migratory patterns, and threaten the survival of species such as the desert tortoise and the Gunnison Sage-Grouse. Efforts are underway to address these environmental challenges. The state government has implemented regulations and programs to reduce vehicle emissions and promote clean energy. In addition, individuals, businesses, and organizations have taken steps to conserve water, reduce waste, and protect natural habitats. Utah also has numerous national parks and monuments that showcase the state's extraordinary natural beauty and ecological diversity. These protected areas offer opportunities for visitors to experience the wonders of nature and learn about the importance of preserving our environment for future generations.

Politics

Utah has a reputation for being a politically conservative state, with a dominant Republican Party. However, there are also Democratic and third-party factions in the state. The Republican Party has held a majority in the Utah state legislature since the 1950s, and currently holds a supermajority in both the House and Senate. Republican politicians in the state often prioritize issues such as limited government, lower taxes, and traditional family values. Despite the Republican Party's dominance, there are progressive and liberal groups in the state pushing for change. The Democratic Party has been making gains in recent years, with Salt Lake County, the most populous county in the state, being reliably Democratic. Utah also has a strong third-party presence, including the Libertarian Party and the Utah Independent Party. Utah's political landscape is also influenced by the dominant religion in the state, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The church's teachings on issues such as marriage, abortion, and LGBTQ rights often line up with conservative political views, and many members of the church are active in Republican politics. In recent years, Utah has also seen a rise in political activism and engagement, with grassroots organizations and community-led movements pushing for change on issues such as climate change, racial justice, and healthcare. Regardless of political ideology, Utahns are known for their civility and willingness to engage in respectful dialogue with those they disagree with.

Economy

Utah's economy is driven by a diverse range of industries. Tourism is one of the most significant contributors, with millions of visitors flocking to the state each year to explore its natural wonders and outdoor activities. In 2019, the tourism industry generated over $9 billion in revenue and supported over 140,000 jobs. Technology is another crucial sector in Utah's economy, with companies such as Adobe, Intel, and eBay having a significant presence in the state. The industry employs over 100,000 people and accounts for more than $25 billion in economic output. Mining has a long history in Utah and remains a vital industry today. The state is known for its abundant natural resources, including coal, copper, and gold, and is a leading producer of magnesium and beryllium. The mining sector directly employs over 19,000 people and generates $3.3 billion in revenue annually. Agriculture is also an essential industry in Utah, with the state's fertile valleys and high-altitude climate supporting a range of crops such as fruits, vegetables, and grains. The industry generates over $20 billion in economic output and provides thousands of jobs. Utah has also emerged as a significant player in the aerospace and defense industry, with companies such as Northrop Grumman, Boeing, and Lockheed Martin having operations in the state. The industry contributes over $1.5 billion to the state's economy and employs over 30,000 people. Utah's economy is diverse and growing, with a range of thriving industries and opportunities for business growth.

Infrastructure

Utah's infrastructure is well-developed, making it easy to travel within the state and connect with other regions. The state is home to numerous highways that provide easy access to cities and towns, including Interstate 15, which passes through the center of the state and connects to major cities such as Salt Lake City, Provo, and St. George. In addition to highways, Utah also has a public transportation system that includes buses, light rail and commuter rail services. The Utah Transit Authority (UTA) operates these services, which are available in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, as well as in other cities such as Ogden and Provo. For those traveling to or from other parts of the country, Utah has several airports, including Salt Lake City International Airport, which is the state's largest and busiest airport. It offers flights to domestic and international destinations, connecting the state to the rest of the world. Other airports in the state include Ogden-Hinckley Airport, Provo Municipal Airport, and Saint George Regional Airport. Read the full article

[beyondcuckoo]

The Grand Canyon--Emergence of The People has been published on Elaine Webster - http://elainewebster.com/the-grand-canyon-emergence-of-the-people/

New Post has been published on http://elainewebster.com/the-grand-canyon-emergence-of-the-people/

The Grand Canyon--Emergence of The People

Eleven tribes call the Grand Canyon home: Havasupai Tribe, Hopi Tribe, Hualapai Tribe, Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians, Las Vegas Band of Paiute Indians, Moapa Band of Paiute Indians, Navajo Nation, Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah, San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe, Pueblo of Zuni, and the Yavapai Apache Nation.  Each tribe has their own version of the emergence of their people from the point where the Little Colorado and the Colorado rivers meet at what is known as the Confluence.

Recently, the Grand Canyon Tribal Coalition, called upon Washington to create a 1.1-million-acre National Monument to protect this sacred area from threats like uranium mining and over-development. (This proposal remains under consideration by the U.S. government.) The Havasupai Tribe, in particular, who have lived in and around the Grand Canyon since time immemorial, were last evicted from the area in 1928. Finally, the name of the campground and rest area along the Bright Angel Trail has been renamed to be Havasupai Gardens.

So, why do we care? Well, history repeats and we are now faced with many of the same challenges that drove ancient civilizations below ground, only to emerge in stages after the great floods receded. There is much speculation about pre-historical circumstances, but there is no denying the legendary similarities existing in most indigenous cultures—cultures which would not have had contact at the time of the catastrophic earth changes. It is not important for us to believe the mythology—it is important to study how people faced with insurmountable obstacles can begin again and do it peacefully.The Hopi emergence story describes how the Hopi people lived in the underworld for many years, where they were taught by the Kachinas about the ways of the world and the importance of living in harmony with nature. However, the time came when the Kachinas instructed the Hopi people to leave the underworld and emerge into the physical world.

The Hopi people followed the Kachinas’ guidance, and after a long and treacherous journey, they emerged from the depths of the Grand Canyon. After the emergence, the Hopi people continued to be guided by the Kachinas, who taught them how to survive in their new environment. The Kachinas instructed the Hopi people in agriculture, hunting, and spiritual practices, which helped them to establish a thriving community in the mesas and valleys of northeastern Arizona.

One of the most important crops grown by the Hopi is corn, which is considered a sacred food. The Hopi have developed over 24 different varieties of corn, each with unique properties and flavors. The Hopi use corn in a variety of ways, including for food, medicine, and as a part of their spiritual practices. In addition, these unique strains of corn can withstand the harshest of conditions on a planet that is becoming hotter and drier. This certainly is useful today.

Migration and societal connections are once again paramount. DNA samples from several tribes show striking similarities with Eastern Asian populations suggesting that migratory routes included crossing land and/or sea from Asia. The Zuni language, for instance, is considered by linguists as having no established relationship with other languages. However, one anthropologist has linked the language to a Japanese archipelago. This could be a result of Japanese Buddhist missionaries traveling to Mexico, then north during the 12th century CE. Regardless, human migratory patterns are more extensive than originally thought—we are all inter-related at some point. So, when we turn our backs on other cultures; we are turning our backs on ourselves—we are all in this together.

Next, bring on G.E. Kincaid, an American adventurer and explorer who, in the early 20th century, claimed to have made an incredible discovery within the depths of the Grand Canyon. His account of this remarkable find has since been the subject of intense debate and speculation, with many questions remaining unanswered to this day.

Kincaid was born in 1868 in Washington, D.C., and spent much of his youth exploring the wilderness around his home. He developed a deep fascination with ancient civilizations and lost cities, and this passion led him on numerous expeditions to remote regions across the globe. However, it was his journey to the Grand Canyon in 1909 that would prove to be his most controversial.

According to Kincaid, he was traveling down the Colorado River on a wooden raft when he noticed an unusual cave entrance on the canyon wall. Intrigued, he decided to investigate and found himself inside a vast underground chamber. As he explored the cavern, he was amazed to discover a series of intricate tunnels and passageways leading deep into the earth.

Further exploration revealed that the tunnels were home to a thriving civilization, complete with temples, homes, and even an enormous amphitheater. The walls of the chambers were adorned with intricate carvings and murals, depicting scenes of daily life and religious rituals. Kincaid also claimed to have found artifacts and relics that suggested the inhabitants of the underground city were a highly advanced and sophisticated culture.

Kincaid returned to the surface with a trove of photographs and sketches, as well as a detailed journal documenting his discovery. However, his account was met with skepticism and disbelief from many quarters. Some argued that the photographs were doctored or taken from other sources, while others suggested that Kincaid had simply fabricated the entire story as a publicity stunt.

Despite the controversy, Kincaid continued to promote his story and even offered to lead expeditions back to the underground city. However, he was never able to provide concrete evidence to support his claims, and the mystery of the Grand Canyon cave remains unsolved to this day.

So, as we look to our future, the question is: Will we fall victim once again, to a planetary collapse from war, famine, economic decline, political upheaval, and environmental changes, only to scramble underground to wait until we can re-emerge? Or have we learned enough to circumvent most catastrophes, band together, support each other and thrive? Let’s hope this is so.

[partisan-by-default]

Researchers say they’ll probably find thousands more buried on boarding school grounds throughout America. 💔

We North Euopean IMMIGRANTS did to NATIVE AMERICANS is unforgiveable.