#Test Bank Canadian Politics Critical Approaches 7th Edition

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Test Bank Canadian Politics Critical Approaches 7th Edition

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   CHAPTER 1: THE STUDY OF POLITICS

 MULTIPLE CHOICE

 1.   Which of the following form the four branches of government?

a.       the executive, the bureaucracy, the legislature, and the judiciary

b.      the authorities, the legislature, the executive, and the administration

c.       the executive, the courts, the management, and Parliament

d.      the Parliament, the Senate, the courts, and the executive

 ANS:    A

PTS:     1

OBJ:    Remember

REF:    5

 2.   According to political science, what are the three different types of power?

a.       coercion, authority, legitimacy

b.      authority, influence, coercion

c.       influence, legitimacy, respect

d.      authority, coercion, influence

 ANS:    D

PTS:     1

OBJ:    Remember

REF:    4

 3.   Which of the following is NOT an example of a pressure group?

a.       National Citizen’s Coalition

b.      The Federal Conservative Party of Canada

c.       Women’s Legal Education and Action Fund (LEAF)

d.      Mother’s Against Drunk Drivers (MADD)

 ANS:    B

PTS:     1

OBJ:    Remember

REF:    7

 4.   Why is the pluralist approach appropriate for the study of Canadian politics?

a.       Most interests in Canada are equally represented by at least one pressure group.

b.      The original framework of the Canadian political system allowed for the consideration of a diversity of interests.

c.       Canada has always been a diversified society, especially in terms of ethnic and religious diversity.

d.      Rigid party discipline allows for interest groups to align themselves with particular political parties.

 ANS:    C

PTS:     1

OBJ:    Higher Order

REF:    13

  5.   What analytical approach is closest to the “democratic ideal”?

a.   pluralist approach

b.    Marxist approach

c.   class approach

d.   social cleavages approach

ANS:    A

PTS:     1

OBJ:    Remember

REF:     13

 6.   According to the institutional approach, what are the two main elements of politics and government that are considered to be the main essence of political analysis?

 a.       institutions and the constitution

b.      bureaucracy and law

c.       constitution and law

d.      bureaucracy and courts

 ANS:    C

PTS:     1

OBJ:    Remember

REF:    10

 7.   What political decision is best described by the class analysis approach?

 a.       increasing airport and border security

b.      adopting the North American Free Trade Agreement

c.       increasing funding to universities

d.      adopting a clean-air policy

 ANS:   B

PTS:     1

OBJ:    Higher order

REF:    13-14

 8.   Which statement best describes the notion of the embedded state?

 a.       Elites cannot operate with total autonomy because of the fusion of state and society.

b.      The state wields an enormous amount of power, unchecked by societal norms.

c.       Individuals view the powers of the state to be entrenched within all aspects of society.

d.      Politicians are unable to operate without the bureaucratic functions of the state.

 ANS:    A

PTS:     1

OBJ:    Remember

REF:    12

 9.   What is an example of elite accommodation?

 a.       the Harper government’s decision to remove the tax advantages of corporate income trusts

b.      the $1 billion fine levied against tobacco companies for smuggling cigarettes

c.       the reality that corporate executives and politicians often come from the same ranks

d.      the anti-Kyoto stance taken by several Western politicians

 ANS:    C

PTS:     1

OBJ:    Higher order

REF:    12

 10.       Which statement best describes the rational choice approach in politics?

a.       People get involved in politics because they want to get something out of it for themselves or others.

b.      Its primary focus is the source of human motivation.

c.       Its theory stipulates that individuals will deductively reduce their logic in order to achieve their goals.

d.      What is good for the individual is the same as what is good for the group.

 ANS:    A

PTS:     1

OBJ:    Remember

REF:    15

 TRUE/FALSE

 1.   Issues include only those demands that the authorities have taken under serious consideration.

 ANS:    T

PTS:     1

REF:    p. 6

 2.   Feedback is a communication of outputs back into the system, in response to which the pattern of demands and support is altered.

 ANS:    T

PTS:     1

REF:    p. 6

 3.   Government authority is based on accountability.

 ANS:    F

It is based on legitimacy.

PTS:     1

REF:    p. 4

 4.   The notion that the operations of the state are so extensive that they are connected to virtually every aspect of society is called the state-centred approach.

 ANS:    F

It is called the embedded state.

PTS:     1

REF:    p. 12

 5.   In the class analysis approach, the political elite takes orders from the capitalist elite and the state is an instrument of bourgeois domination.

 ANS:    T

PTS:     1

REF:    p. 14

 6.   The class approach postulates that the political system is characterized by openness and that power is widely dispersed among many interests.

 ANS:    F

The pluralist approach postulates that the political system is characterized by openness and that power is widely dispersed among many interests.

PTS:     1

REF: 10

 7.   The Marxist approach is synonymous with the class approach.

 ANS:    T

PTS:     1

REF:    p. 13

 8.   The state-centred approach views those individuals endowed with the authority to formulate and implement public policies as basically autonomous from the rest of society.

 ANS:    T

PTS:     1

REF:    p. 11

 9.   The behaviour of individual politicians is an example of the political psychology approach.

 ANS:    F

The behaviour of individual politicians is an example of the political behaviour approach.

PTS:     1

REF:    p. 15

 10. In the rational choice approach, “goal oriented” is synonymous with “preference-oriented”.

 ANS:    T

PTS:     1

REF:    p. 15

   ESSAY

 1.   Compare and contrast two of the five approaches to the study of politics (institutional, state- based, political sociology, political psychology and political behaviour approaches and rational choice approach).

 ANS: Answers will vary.

PTS: 1

REF: pp. 9–16

 2.   Consider the rising costs of postsecondary education. Apply each of the different approaches to the study of politics to the economic concerns of postsecondary students.

 ANS:    

The pluralist approach would assume that students could join together to form an interest group that would lobby for student concerns, including lower tuition rates. The pluralist argument would continue, however, that if student organizations were larger and stronger, and if student identities led them to take a more aggressive part in the political system, they might have greater success.

 The public choice approach assumes that students are rational, self-interested, and well informed, that their identity as students is foremost in their minds, and that they vote for parties and politicians that will provide them with the most favourable policies. It notes that students comprise a relatively large segment of the electorate, and constitute a significant body of voters in particular constituencies where postsecondary educational institutions are located. On the other hand, politicians are likely to make promises to this cohort and others in election campaigns that they might not keep afterward.

 The class analysis approach would first examine the class composition of the postsecondary educational cohort—in particular, what proportion of such students come from the less affluent levels of society? Do high tuition fees and inadequate financial assistance programs keep lower-income students out? Second, much depends on whether the bourgeoisie believe that the state should pursue student-friendly policies. Well-educated students are an asset to the corporate elite, and if they can be hired fully trained, it will save corporations money. Since corporations provide much employment for this group as well as others, grateful politicians will be responsive to their concerns on these as well as other issues. Third, attitudes toward student concerns on the part of the population as a whole, as well as of many students themselves, will have been influenced by the way such issues are portrayed in the corporate-owned media. Fourth, student protestors, especially on wider issues such as globalization or poverty, may well be victims of coercive actions on the part of the police, but, on the other hand, students can influence the system if they function as a class.

 Applying the state-centred approach to postsecondary student concerns, such demands would have little effect on the authorities unless the latter were themselves concerned. Student-friendly public policies would depend on the extent to which bureaucrats and/or politicians saw the value in postsecondary education to society as a whole.

 The globalization approach would suggest that student organizations are increasingly in contact with each other across state borders. One respect in which this is true is in discussions about protesting against globalization, but they may also be in touch in the hope of strengthening their position as students, per se. Globalization would also suggest that ideas and ideologies relevant to postsecondary education flow readily across state borders. This is also true, such as in the case of Canadian students’ awareness of European countries where postsecondary tuition is free!

 PTS:     1

  3.   Describe how power resolves political issues.

 ANS:    Answers will vary.

 PTS:     1

 4.   Explain the relationship between authorities, input, output, and feedback and how these relate to the Canadian political system.

 ANS:    

(Refer to Figure 1.1)

The authorities describe the four branches of government involved in the decision-making process for a society. These include the legislature, the executive, the bureaucracy, and the judiciary. The authorities receive input from society in the form of demands and support. Individuals, groups, political parties, and the media can raise demands. Support is less concrete and can take the form of support for the government of the day, support for the decision-making structures within the political system, or support for the political community known as Canada.

 One or more branches of government receive these forms of input and make decisions regarding some of the demands that come to their attention. These decisions are referred to as output. Whatever the type of output, it usually sparks a reaction in the rest of the system. This leads us to the concept of feedback—that is, a communication of the outputs back into the system, in response to which the pattern of demands and support is altered. If an output satisfies a particular demand, then that demand will no longer have to be articulated. On the other hand, a backlash may result. The authorities will then respond in one way or another to this new pattern of demands and support.

 Thus, the political system is a dynamic, circular, never-ending process in which the authorities react to demands and support (known as input), seek out public sentiment, convert some of the demands into outputs, and then respond in turn to whatever changes in the pattern of inputs have resulted from the feedback from such outputs. Individuals and groups raise conflicting demands, but because there is a consensus on the legitimacy of the government, people generally abide by its authoritative decisions, even when they disagree with them.

 PTS:     1

 5.   How are demands transmitted to the authorities? Which method do you think is most effective, and why?

 ANS:    

Demands can be transmitted to the authorities in several different manners. First, demands can be transmitted on a personal basis, by means of a letter, fax, telephone call, e-mail, or face-to-face encounter. Second, demands can be transmitted via group action, from interest groups, pressure groups or advocacy groups. Groups may also come in the form of corporations or institutions. By joining a political party, people can attempt to get it to recognize their concerns in its platform or policies. If the party forms a government, it can incorporate the demand into its decisions and government policy; in opposition, the party can bring the problem to national attention. Another means of transmitting demands to the authorities is through mass media. Media can have enormous political influence, as they provide the electorate with most of its information about politics and government.

 PTS:     1