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forlawfirmsonlymarketing · 4 years

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2020 Mid Year Update: Mass Tort and Class Action Litigation Outlook

While many courtrooms across the country were closed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, there are several mass torts that continued making significant progress despite the legal hiatus. Two of these were cited in our 2020 forecast: JUUL The JUUL MDL (Northern District of California) has continued to move forward since the end of 2019. The judge has appointed plaintiffs’ attorneys to leadership roles, and the steering committee is starting to organize. Key appointments include:

Co-lead counsel: Sarah London, Dean Kawamoto, Ellen Relkin, Dena Sharp

Plaintiffs’ federal/state court liaison counsel: Khaldoun Baghdadi, Leslie LaMacchia

Plaintiffs’ government entity liaison counsel: Thomas Cartmell

Plaintiffs’ steering committee: Rachel Abrams, Erin Dickinson, Michelle Drake, Jonathan Gdanski, Adam Gutride, Bradly Honnold, Emily Jeffcott, Kristine Kraft, Esfand Nafisi, Matthew Schultz, Sabita Soneji, Joseph VanZandt, Mikal Watts, Michael Weinkowitz.

Look for this mass tort litigation to gain momentum in the coming months. Talc The other newsmaker is the Johnson & Johnson talc case, which recently made headlines when the company pulled its baby powder from the market. Although not an admission of guilt, this permanent discontinuance of the company’s flagship product may prompt the plaintiffs’ bar to seek out more claimants, and we believe J&J will continue to fight what is likely to be a growing number of cases. Other companies, including L’Oreal and Chanel, are also being sued for selling OTC talcum powders allegedly contaminated by asbestos; this may ultimately pull them into the same type of mass tort litigation. New MDLs Zantac A new MDL has been formed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida, and leadership has been appointed. It is forecast to be one of the largest MDLs in recent history, given the fact that the heartburn drug has been on the market since the early 1980s, with around 20 million prescriptions written every year. The makers have allegedly been aware of the carcinogenic properties of its active compound for decades, with numerous studies linking the chemical to cancer. Judge Robin Rosenberg has made a strong effort to appoint a more diverse leadership than is typically found in many other MDLs. The diversity issue—across gender, age, ethnicity and race—has long been discussed in legal academic circles. She also created a “leadership development committee” to give younger lawyers an opportunity to immerse themselves in the logistics of a major MDL while learning from experienced mentors. Evolving Mass Torts COVID-19 and Nursing Homes Despite the complexities involved with the potential for multiple defendants, we foresee the lawsuits against nursing homes due to COVID-19 deaths leading to an MDL or consolidated litigation. In addition to the various nursing homes involved, other entities, including healthcare workers, cleaning companies and home health agencies that came into the facilities to provide a service, may also be held accountable and could potentially become defendants or involved in the litigation. Certain state governments are signaling they may grant immunity for civil and criminal liability to state-run facilities, but it remains to be seen what will happen at the plaintiffs’ bar, given the public and political pressures around these deaths. Boys Scouts of America The sexual abuse litigation against the Boy Scouts of America is now permitting tort claimants to submit a claim within a larger bankruptcy proceeding, in which the national organization filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection to stay individual lawsuits brought by sexual abuse survivors. The full scope of the liabilities is not yet known, but a bankruptcy court has set a November 2020 deadline by which abuse survivors must file a proof of claim. It is anticipated that any plan of reorganization approved by the court will involve a settlement mechanism resolving claims brought by abuse survivors. Elmiron The drug Elmiron, which treats interstitial cystitis, bladder pain and osteoarthritis, is being linked to permanent eyesight damage, including macular degeneration and pigmentary and retinal maculopathy. A number of studies dating to 2018 have revealed risks associated with long-term use of Elmiron. Mass tort law firms are looking for claimants now. Elmiron was developed by Janssen Pharmaceuticals (a Johnson & Johnson subsidiary). For information on how Verus’ Case Management and Medical Review services can apply specifically to the Mass Tort cases above, click here. To contact us, fill out this form or email us at [email protected] and we will reply immediately. |CONTACT US| |REQUEST PROPOSAL| The post 2020 Mid Year Update: Mass Tort and Class Action Litigation Outlook appeared first on Verus.

https://www.forlawfirmsonly.com/2020-mid-year-update-mass-tort-and-class-action-litigation-outlook/

#2020masstortupdates #masstorts #dailydoseoflaw

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cfinemahinery-blog · 5 years

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Continuous mixer processor Compounding Extruder Machine

Best choice for masterbatch process. There are two zones to work continuously, one with twin-screw for mixing and the another with single-screw for extruding. Applications: Rubber, carbon black masterbatch, calcium powder filling masterbatch, talc powder filling masterbatch, functional masterbatch, high concentration color masterbatch, flame retardant masterbatch, cable material, high filling material, etc. For more and more information,please feel free to contact! Read the full article

#Banbury Mixer #Banbury Mixer Factory #Banbury Mixer Manufacturers #google #Internal Mixer #Internal Mixer Rubber #Rubber Banbury Mixer #Rubber Internal Mixer #Rubber Mixer #Rubber Mixer Machine #Twin Screw Extruder Manufacturers China

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journalmaterialscience-blog · 5 years

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Development of Refined Chemistries and Processing Methods for Integration of Carbon Dioxide into a Hydraulic Binder for Effective Heavy Metal Immobilization Abstract A method is under developed for capture of carbon dioxide directly from combustion emissions into land filled coal ash, and simultaneous transformation of the carbon dioxide and ash with supplementary minerals into a hydraulic binder. In this study, several additives were investigated for raising the CO2 uptake of land filled ash and enhancing the end-product quality. The resultant binder meets the standard requirements for hazardous waste solidification and stabilization. The approach adopted here relies upon mechanochemical phenomena, induced by a simple milling action, to incorporate carbon dioxide into land filled ash while concurrently transforming the raw materials (including the captured carbon dioxide) into a hydraulic binder. The CO2 uptake in mechanochemical processing of cement was estimated as the difference in Loss of Ignition (LOI) of cements milled in CO2 and in air. The compressive strength achieved by hydration of cement was assessed after 7 days of curing at room temperature. The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) was used to evaluate the solidification and stabilization qualities of hydraulic cements. FTIR spectroscopy was used in order to get better understanding on the nature of the carbon dioxide incorporated into the hydraulic cement via mechanochemical effects. The results indicated that relatively high concentrations of carbon dioxide (up to 10wt.%) could be incorporated into hydraulic cements with desired hazardous waste stabilization and solidification qualities. The captures carbon dioxide benefited the resultant hydraulic cement performance. Go to Introduction Since the beginning of the industrial age, the carbon oxide concentration in atmosphere has increased by about 30% [1,2]. This rise in CO2 concentration has accompanied climate warming with adverse ecological effects. Capture of carbon dioxide for value-added use in hydraulic cement is pursued here to reduce carbon emissions. The use of land filled coal ash as the primary raw material for production of the hydraulic cement developed here offers important environmental benefits. Significant quantities of coal ash, estimated at billions of tons, have accumulated in landfills across the world. There are concerns with the environmental and health effects of land filled coal ash. Another consequence of human’s industrial activities is generation of hazardous wastes with adverse health and environmental effects. The application pursued for the hydraulic cements incorporating captured CO2 is the immobilization of hazardous wastes. The hydraulic cement developed here also provides important energy and cost savings when compared with the now prevalent Portland cement. The CO2 capture aspect of this development effort can be viewed as a low-cost and simple variation of the methods employed for mineral CO2 sequestration. The approach devised here employs land filled coal ash together with supplementary minerals, which are transformed into a hydraulic binder in the presence of a dilute carbon dioxide atmosphere which represents combustion emissions. Carbon dioxide acts as gaseous raw materials that, together with the land filled coal ash and solid raw materials, are transformed into a hydraulic binder under input of mechanical energy in a ball-mill at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. Some distinguishing features of this approach when compared with methods commonly employed for mineral CO2 sequestration [3-7] are: Use of abundant (land filled) industrial by-products as the primary minerals in the process. Value-added use of carbon dioxide as a raw material. Low-cost, energy-efficient and sustainable method of processing via simple milling action at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. High value of the end product as a hydraulic binder for hazardous waste stabilization and also use construction applications. A two-step process of transforming carbon dioxide into a stable crystalline carbonate, where the carbonate formed initially is not crystalline but transforms into a crystalline carbonate in the course of hydration of the cementitious binder. Achievement of high CO2 uptake was an important objective of this project. For this purpose, the raw material blend was modified by the addition of supplementary materials that have been found to raise CO2 uptake in the conventional methods of mineral sequestration. These additives, and their mechanisms of action are: Sodium bicarbonate for catalytic increase of the rate and extent of carbonation [8]. Silicate-based additives for increasing the rate and extent of carbon dioxide sorption [9]. Magnesium (and calcium) silicate for facilitating intense penetration and sorption of carbon dioxide [10]. Calcium (and magnesium) oxide for enhancing carbonation reactions. Amine compounds for catalytic action as CO2 sorbents [11-13]. Acetic (and other weak) acids for catalytic enhancement of the extraction of calcium ions [14-19], with subsequent use of sodium hydroxide to promote carbonation reactions. Polyethylenimine for initial adsorption of significant quantities of CO2 [13,20]. A number of these additives were evaluated for facilitating and intensifying the solid-state (mechanochemical) carbonation reactions. Go to Materials And Methods Materials The base formulation comprised land filled coal fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, quick lime and sodium hydroxide. Land filled coal fly ash was obtained from a landfill in Detroit (Michigan) that stores the coal fly ash produced in a DTE Energy power plant. This ash had been disposed of in landfill for two years. Median particle sizes of this landfill coal fly ash are 14m. The chemical composition of the ash obtained via x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, includes: CaO (26.72 wt.%), Fe2O3 (21.82 wt.%), SiO2 (19.99 wt.%), Al2O3 (8.89 wt.%), SO3 (5.31 wt.%), (MgO (2.7 wt.%) Na2O (2.7 wt.%), BaO (2.14 wt.%), TiO2 (2.63 wt.%), K2O (2.4 wt.%), SrO (1.64 wt.%) and P2O5 (1.37 wt.%). Granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) was supplied by Lafarge. The chemical composition of GGBF slag, obtained via x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, includes: CaO (40.8 wt.%), SiO2 (37.5 wt.%), Al2O3 (9.54 wt.%), MgO (10.9 wt.%) Fe2O3 (0.47 wt.%), Na2O (0.25 wt.%) and K2O (0.45 wt.%). Quick lime (calcium oxide) in powder foam was purchased from Sigma- Aldrich that meet analytical specification of FCC with puriss grade and density of 3.3 g/mL. Sodium hydroxide was purchased from Red Hot Devil Eye. The base formulation was modified through the addition of various additives with the objective of achieving improvements in terms of the end product strength, CO2 uptake, and immobilization of heavy metals. Figure 1 shows pictures of these additives that are described in the following. They were used in as-received form, except for basalt that was ground. Dunite (a cumulate of olivine and minor crhomit [21]) was purchased from Persson minerals. The chemical composition of Dunite includes MgO, SiO2, Fe2O3, CaO and Al2O3. Olivine, which is the primary constituent of Dunite, comprises largely of Mg2SiO4 and Fe2SiO4. The base formulation comprised land filled coal fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, quick lime and sodium hydroxide. Land filled coal fly ash was obtained from a landfill in Detroit (Michigan) that stores the coal fly ash produced in a DTE Energy power plant. This ash had been disposed of in landfill for two years. Median particle sizes of this landfill coal fly ash are 14m. The chemical composition of the ash obtained via x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, includes: CaO (26.72 wt.%), Fe2O3 (21.82 wt.%), SiO2 (19.99 wt.%), Al2O3 (8.89 wt.%), SO3 (5.31 wt.%), (MgO (2.7 wt.%) Na2O (2.7 wt.%), BaO (2.14 wt.%), TiO2 (2.63 wt.%), K2O (2.4 wt.%), SrO (1.64 wt.%) and P2O5 (1.37 wt.%). Click here to view Large Figure 1 Serpentine was supplied by Laurel Mountain Group. It is a subgroup of the Kaolinite-Serpentine group; the composition of serpentine can be expressed as (Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn)3 (Si2O5)(OH)4, which is a compound of six metal elements. The most common serpentine species contain large amounts of Mg. Basalt was purchased from Fisher Scientific Co LLC. Its chemical composition includes SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, FeO, MgO and TiO2. Basalt is a common extrusive volcanic rock generated from rapid cooling of lava at the surface of earth. Normally, it contains 45% to 55% silica, and its average density is close to 3.0gm/cm3 [22]. Basalt has been categorized to different types depending on its silica, alumina and alkali contents; different levels of activity are exhibited by different types of basalt. The celestine (or celestite) used in this study was purchased from (ebay). It is a mineral with formula (Sr,Ba)SO4 that isgenerally blue in color with orthorhombic crystalline structure. Pure celestite is colorless, and the blue color is caused by its impurities. Gypsum was purchased from Fisher Scientific Co LLC. Wollastonite, expressed by the simplified chemical formula CaSiO3, was supplied by Fisher Scientific Co LLC. Clinoptilolite was purchased from Fisher Scientific Co LLC. It is a natural zeolite with a microporous arrangement of silica and alumina tetrahedra. It has the complex formula (Na,K,Ca)2- 3Al3(Al,Si)2Si13O36•12H2O. It forms as white to reddish tabular monoclinic tectosilicate crystals with a Mohs hardness of 3.5 to 4 and a specific gravity of 2.1 to 2.2 [23]. Talc was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. It is a mineral with pale color and waxy luster, with a chemical formula Mg3Si4O10(OH)2, and a hardness of 1. Talc is typically found in metamorphic rocks with abundant carbonate minerals. It is flexible, but not elastic. The carbonation reaction of talc may be expressed as Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 + 3CO2=3MgCO3 + 4SiO2+H2O [24]. Molecular sieve (13X beads -12mesh) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. It can be expressed by the chemical formula Na2O:1Al2O3 : 2.8±0.2 SiO2 :xH2O. Experimental method The CO2uptake induced by mechanochemical processing of landfilled coal ash with supplementary minerals in carbon dioxide environment was estimated as the difference in the loss on ignition (LOI) of similar products milled in CO2and in air. FTIR spectroscopy was also used to better understand the nature of the carbon dioxide incorporated into the hydraulic binder via mechanochemical means. The compressive strength achieved by hydration of hydraulic binders was assessed following the ASTM C109 procedures. Curing was carried out at room temperature, and testing was performed at 7 and 28 days of age. The solidification/stabilization qualities of the hydraulic binders were assessed by testing of the hydrated binder and also the hydrated binder with mixing water spiked with copper. Testing of the hydrated binder (without spiking) was performed on solid pastes cured at room temperatures until 7 and 28 days of age. The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) was used for this purpose. This procedure is required for regulatory purposes under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Land Disposal Restrictions (LDRs). Metal ion extractions were evaluated using the US EPA TCLP procedure. The heavy metal concentrations of leachates were determined via inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis. The heavy metal immobilization qualities of the hydraulic binder were assessed by spiking the mixing water with copper (30,000ppm). Samples of the resulting pastes were prepared per ASTM C109. After curing for 7 and 28 days at room temperature, toxicity tests were performed per US EPA TCLP procedures; ICP analysis was performed to determine the leachate copper concentration. Go to Results And Discussion CO2 uptake In a preliminary screening process, 10 wt. % of each additive was used with the base formulation comprising 5wt.% CaO and 5wt. % NaOH as the main alkali activators for land filled coal ash (90wt. %). Table 1 presents different formulations studied and their CO2 uptake and the corresponding pH. Additives were milled together with other raw materials over a two-hour period in the presence of carbon dioxide. CO2uptake was estimated as the difference in the loss on ignition (LOI) of the CO2-milled versus air-milled hydraulic cements. The highest CO2 uptake was achieved with the following additives (in decreasing order): Celestine [25], basalt, and GGBF slag. Compressive strength test results, however, indicated that celestine produced the lowest compressive strength. Hence, basalt and slag were investigated further in order to optimize their benefits towards CO2 uptake. Figure 2 presents the measured values of pH in solution and the corresponding CO2 uptake for hydraulic cements produced via mechanochemical processing in the presence of CO2 gas [26]. As previous observations indicated, a high CO2 uptake corresponds with a low alkalinity, which is expected from the incorporation of largely acidic carbonates into the alkali aluminosilicate structure (Figure 3). Click here to view Large Table 1 Click here to view Large Figure 2 Click here to view Large Figure 3 Effect of basalt as an additive for increasing CO2 uptake Basalt was further investigated as an additive in mechanochemical processing in CO2 environment of hydraulic cements formulated with land filled ash. This work was performed with 4wt.% basalt. Moisture was introduced during mechanochemical processing of raw materials in the presence of CO2. Table 2 presents the formulations considered at this stage of investigation, together with the CO2 uptake and the pH in solution of the resultant hydraulic cements. The presence of basalt is observed to raise the CO2uptake by 2.6%, with a corresponding drop in the pH of the cement in solution. The lower dosage of basalt used here produced results which were similar to those obtained with the higher dosage of basalt used in screening tests. Milling in nitrogen was performed to gain further insight into the mechanochemical phenomena that are responsible for the uptake of CO2 and the transformation of raw materials into hydraulic cement. The preliminary results generated in this study indicated that the hydraulic cement processed in nitrogen actually produced a lower pH in solution when compared with that processed in air. Processing in CO2 still produced the lowest pH value. Figure 4 compares the FTIR spectra of the CO2milled versus air-milled hydraulic cements. Significant enhancement of the peak intensity at 1400cm-1 was observed with milling performed in CO2, which points at the strong presence of carbonates. Appearance of a new peak around 2500cm-1 with CO2 milling may also reflect the presence of carbonates. In addition, the two peaks appearing near 1600cm-1 could be due to the formation of carbonate complexes with CO2milling. Click here to view Large Figure 4 Click here to view Large Table 2 Effect of granulated blast furnace (GBF) slag on CO2 uptake Table 3 introduces the formulations incorporating GBFS investigated in this work, and the CO2 uptake and pH in solution of the resulting hydraulic cement. The highest CO2 uptake was obtained with 20% slag. The CO2 uptake was estimated based on the difference in LOI between binders processed in CO2 and in air. The formulation DTE 2Y-Slag-CaO-C provided a higher CO2 uptake, but later studies indicated that this hydraulic cement produced a relatively low compressive strength. It was also found that the compressive strength obtained this particular cement could be increased, without lowering its CO2 uptake, by adding a relatively small dosage of sodium silicate. Click here to view Large Table 3 FTIR spectroscopy was used to gain insight into the mechanism and extent of CO2 uptake for the hydraulic binders formulated with slag. The relative areas under peaks provide an indication of the extent of carbonation Figure 5. Compares the FTIR spectra of slag-based formulations milled in CO2 and in air. Similar to basalt-based hydraulic cements, the slag-based cement exhibited a significant rise in the intensity of a typical carbonate peak at 1400cm-1 after milling in CO2. Appearance of a new peak around 2500cm-1 may also be due to the formation of carbonates. The two new peaks around 1600cm-1 could also reflect the presence of carbonate environments. Click here to view Large Figure 5 With the addition of 5% sodium silicate to the formulation, compressive strength increased significantly with only a slight drop in CO2uptake. Figure 6 shows the FTIR spectra for cements formulated with Slag-silicate with processing performed in air and in CO2. The area under the pead at 1400cm-1 increased, pointing at a notable CO2 uptake. A double peak around 1600cm- 1 could also be detected for the cement milled in CO2. The FTIR spectrum of the hydrated paste made with the formulation incorporating slag processed in CO2 points at the presence of the carbonate peak around 1400cm-1. The peak near 1064cm1 corresponds to Si-O and Al-O stretching bands. The bands appearing around 720-730cm-1 are associated with aluminumrich structures such as hydroxysodalite. The band at 640-630cm- 1 points at the presence of zeolitic structures. In order to confirm the formation of these zeolitic structures, more detailed studies involving x-ray diffraction spectrometry need to be carried out. Click here to view Large Figure 6 Unconfined compressive strength Figure 7 shows the compressive strength test data for cement formulations incorporating slag and basalt. Both these formulations showed promising CO2 uptakes, but produced relatively low compressive strengths. This strength loss is probably due to the reduced alkalinity associated with CO2 uptake. Steps were taken to raise strength without compromising the CO2 uptake. Out of different approaches taken, introduction of sodium silicate seemed more promising for formulations incorporating slag. Addition of 5 wt.% sodium silicate increased the compressive strength by a factor of 2.7 at 7 days, and a factor of 4.1 at 28 days of age. Efforts were made to formulate a hybrid cement by combining basalt (4wt.%) and slag (20wt. %); the compressive strength produced by the resultant cement, however, was relatively low. Click here to view Large Figure 7 Hazardous waste solidification/stabilization The hydraulic cement with slag-silicate formulation (65% DTE -2Y ash, 20% slag, 5% NaOH 5% CaO and 5% sodium silicate), produced via mechanochemical processing in CO2, was subjected to the TCLP procedure. Leachates of the hydrated cement milled in CO2were compared with those produced with the hydrated airmilled cement. Figure presents the heavy metal concentrations in leachates of hydrated pastes of slag-silicate binders processed in air and in CO2. Mechanochemical processing in CO2 (versus in air) produced notable reductions in the presence of hazardous metal cations in leachates. This finding highlights the value added to the hydraulic cement by the captured CO2. Besides reduction of the RCRA heavy metal ions (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, Se, Ag) in leachates, a reduction in Sr was also observed. Ag and Cd concentrations were below the detection limit of the instrument. The degree of immobilization was calculated for each formulation. The highest copper immobilization>99.9 % was obtained with the formulation comprising 65% land filled ash, 20% Slag, 5% NaOH, 5% CaO and 5% sodium metasilicate (processed in CO2). Past research on GBFS indicates that alkali activation of GBFS can form zeolitic structures that are particularly effective in immobilization of heavy metals [27,28]. Formation of zeolites in alkali activated slag pastes is strongly dependent on the chemical composition of the slag, and requires a system with relatively high Al/Si ratio and a sufficiently low Ca/Si ratio [29]. The effective solidification/stabilization of heavy metals observed here can be attributed partly to immobilization in zeolite. Besides microstructure, the pH values of pastes also play an important role in the immobilization process. High pH values benefit the immobilization qualities of the paste. In an environment with high pH (>12), heavy metal hydroxides of very low solubility precipitate [30]. Go to Summary And Conclusion Landfilled coal ash was excavated two years after disposal, and was subjected to mechanochemical processing in the presence of diluted carbon dioxide gas and supplementary minerals. The dilute gas had a CO2 concentration of 20% to simulate combustion emissions. The supplementary minerals were used to introduce additional alkali and alkaline earth metals as well as alumino silicates for realizing a desired chemical balance for enhancing the CO2 uptake and also the quality of the resultant hydraulic cement. The primary application targeted for the hydraulic cement was stabilization/solidification of hazardous wastes. The selection of raw materials, the simple approach to processing and the direct use of combustion emissions (represented by the dilute CO2 gas) were intended to lower the cost and energy content of the process. Different formulations of raw materials were considered, and those offering a desired balance of CO2 uptake and the cement hydrate strength and heavy metal immobilization qualities were identified. Besides minerals supplying alkali/ alkaline earth metals and silicates, which summed up to at about 15% by weight of total raw materials, granulated blast furnace slag at about 20% by weight of raw materials was found to benefit the CO2 uptake and the performance of cement hydrates. Comparisons were made between mechanochemical processing in air versus CO2, which revealed the value added by capture ofCO2 towards achieving enhanced end product qualities (including heave metals immobilization). Carbon dioxide is thus a valuable (gaseous) raw material in production of the hydraulic cement. Go to Acknowledgment Landfilled coal ash was excavated two years after disposal, and was subjected to mechanochemical processing in the presence of diluted carbon dioxide gas and supplementary minerals. The dilute gas had a CO2 concentration of 20% to simulate combustion emissions. The supplementary minerals were used to introduce additional alkali and alkaline earth metals as well as alumino silicates for realizing a desired chemical balance for enhancing the CO2 uptake and also the quality of the resultant hydraulic cement. The primary application targeted for the hydraulic cement was stabilization/solidification of hazardous wastes. The selection of raw materials, the simple approach to processing and the direct use of combustion emissions (represented by the dilute CO2 gas) were intended to lower the cost and energy content of the process. Different formulations of raw materials were considered, and those offering a desired balance of CO2 uptake and the cement hydrate strength and heavy metal immobilization qualities were identified. Besides minerals supplying alkali/ alkaline earth metals and silicates, which summed up to at about 15% by weight of total raw materials, granulated blast furnace slag at about 20% by weight of raw materials was found to benefit the CO2 uptake and the performance of cement hydrates. Comparisons were made between mechanochemical processing in air versus CO2, which revealed the value added by capture ofCO2 towards achieving enhanced end product qualities (including heave metals immobilization). Carbon dioxide is thus a valuable (gaseous) raw material in production of the hydraulic cement. For more Open Access Journals in Juniper Publishers please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/ for more details click on the juniper publishers material scienc

#Juniper Publishers #juniper publishers group #material science #composite materials #biological materials

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myplay4ever · 6 years

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Remove the bad smell in shoes - 10 Super Tricks

One of the main factors responsible for unpleasant odors in shoes is sweating feet. Moisture promotes the development of bacteria. To solve the phenomenon of stinking shoes, it will seek to address the source of the problem. I suggest you discover 10 tips and tricks that will help you cleanse your feet and shoes to control the formation of pollutants causing unpleasant odors. The 10 best tips against bad smells in shoes 1. Sodium bicarbonate Thanks to its deodorant, fungicidal (eliminates microscopic fungi) and antibacterial (eliminates bacteria that produce smelly chemical compounds), baking soda (or sodium) has proven to be an effective agent to eliminate odors in shoes, slippers, ballet flats, tennis shoes, sneakers or boots. The trick is to sprinkle baking soda (a teaspoon) on the bottom of your shoes and let the fine white powder work all night. The next day, shake your shoes before wearing them. Be careful when using sodium bicarbonate with leather or suede shoes because experience shows that direct and repetitive contact can dry out and weaken the leather which may become brittle. Do not worry, baking soda is not a toxic product for the environment or health and besides it is cheap! 2. Boric acid Another trick to prevent your shoes or basketball stink is to remedy the source of the problem. If you sweat too much, then use boric acid, another white powder bought in pharmacies that has antiperspirant and anti-odor properties. Every morning, before going to work or school, sprinkle your previously washed and perfectly dry feet with boric acid. Do not hesitate to put some in your socks and inside your own shoes (1 to 2 teaspoons enough). 3. Essential Oil of Peppermint The essential oil of peppermint has therapeutic properties both bactericidal (destroys bacteria) and fungicide (prevents the development of parasitic fungi) that make this remedy a good agent to disinfect and deodorize your leather shoes, canvas and your slippers. The most practical technique is to spray a few drops of peppermint essential oil on the insoles at the end of the day. Other people who suffer from the problem of foot odor prepare themselves a mixture of talc and mint essential oil that he sprinkles inside the shoes and lets act during the night. This thing gives good results too! 4. Essential oil of Eucalyptus To fight against microbes that love heat and humidity and that emit unpleasant odors from your shoes, spray inside them essential oil of Eucalyptus, a powerful antiseptic capable of clean up the ambient air. 5. Fresh orange peel Another 100% natural trick to get rid of the smelly odors that emerge from the shoes is to introduce in them a long orange peel. It is a good deodorant, it instantly eliminates any foul odor. Put one or two orange peels in the shoes and let them act during the night. Some people do it with lemon peels or even grapefruit! 6. Silica litter (for cat) If you have a cat, maybe you use silica litter to avoid hygiene and odor problems in your home or in your apartment. Be aware that silica litter is made of a mixture of zeolites (natural microporous minerals of volcanic origin) that have the advantage of absorbing gases and trapping odors. If this mineral is useful for removing bad odors from your pet's droppings, it is also effective at removing unpleasant odors from your soles. Put socks in your shoes filled with silica litter when you do not wear them! 7. Activated carbon sole Activated charcoal soles are commercially available and have several advantages. In addition to comfort, these soles prevent foot odor by keeping them dry, they are often perforated and the activated carbon it contains absorbs moisture and odors. The result of this trick will depend a lot on the time you spend in your shoes, which is why it is good to change shoes several times during the day when possible. 8. Cedar wood sole In order to correct the chronic problem of bad smells, another recommended tip is to buy cedar wood soles. In addition to being a 100% natural product, cedar wood has extraordinary properties, which helps to manage foot sweating problems in the long run. In fact, soft soles made of cedar wood are able to absorb moisture and neutralize odors during the day, when you wear your shoes. But that's not all, it is proven that in contact with cedar bacteria and molds have difficulties to multiply. It is therefore a good tip when you know that bad smells are generated by microorganisms! 9. Ground coffee If you do not have baking soda or essential oils on hand and you absolutely need to do something to remove the odors that emanate from your shoes, another solution is to use ground coffee. It's an old grandmother thing that works pretty well. Ground coffee beans absorb odors and refresh stinking shoes. Put ground coffee in a filter and place it inside the shoes. Let the coffee work for 24 to 48 hours. 10. UV of the sun If you do not have any of the weapons listed above, you still have nature! Expose shoes that stink to the sun's rays. Contrary to what we read on the Internet, cold freezing does not destroy microbes! Putting the shoes in the freezer is not a good idea! On the other hand, ultraviolet rays have the property of destroying bacteria. Sunlight has been shown to be an excellent sterilizing agent.

click url http://bit.ly/2CF6Aqe via bestytube

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bestindustrialminerals-blog · 6 years

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The Most Common Industrial Minerals You Get to Come Across

You consider any product an industrial mineral if it is naturally produced and comes with a good economic value. A rock is even called an industrial mineral when the both of these factors are being kept in mind.

When it comes to industrial minerals, they are classified for their physical attributes such as their hardness, insulation capacity, density, and fibrosity. Industrial minerals can never be referred to as metal, precious stones, or energy minerals that are classified more for their chemical attributes.

There are certain industrial minerals that are comprised of metal elements such as magnesite that is found to have magnesium oxide. However, because they are used for insulation purposes, they are better known as being industrial minerals. This website should be viewed by you for you to learn more here about them. Learn more about minerals at this website https://www.britannica.com/science/mineral-chemical-compound.

One of the most common kinds of industrial minerals include limestones that can be applied in a wide range of uses. Some of the most common uses of limestones include dietary supplements, asphalt, soil stabilization, fillers, pigments, contamination, glass, concrete, cement, lake liming, and coatings.

Other common examples of industrial minerals include silica sand, quartzite, and sandstone. They come from quartz where its loose oil form is called silica sand, its crystalline form is called quartzite, while its sedimentary form is called sandstone. Some of the most common applications for them include using them in filler materials, solar panels, construction, corrosion inhibitors, tombstones, pottery, refractory ceramics, sandblasting, optics, concrete raw material, and more. You can see page to check out more here. Visit this website to know more!

Graphite is another common industrial mineral that is a crystal of the carbon element. Naturally, this mineral appears as an authigenic mineral or a hydrothermal fissure filling. It is well known for conducting electricity. However, another characteristic that it showcases includes being highly resistive in comparison to other metal elements.

Some of the most common uses to graphite include lubricants, lightweight materials, heat insulation, steel manufacture, batteries, pencils, and more.

Graphite can be found in metamorphic rocks being the result of the reduction of their sedimentary carbon compounds during the process of metamorphism. Some of the most common applications to this particular industrial mineral include use in energy, steelmaking, pencils, insulation and roofing, brake linings, decoration, and tombstones.

Another common example of industrial minerals includes soapstone and talc. Talc is a well-known metamorphic mineral that is made up of hydrated magnesium silicate. Basically, it is a clay mineral. Some of its common applications include using it in crayons, glazing, lubricants, nutritional supplements, paint, fillers in paper, and baby powders. Know about lithium carbonate price here!

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palebearwombat-blog · 7 years

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Global Super Fine Talc Powder Market 2017 Trends and Operational Strategies

The exhaustive report here gathers various viewpoints having a place with the overall Super Fine Talc Powder marketplace which verbalizes the prevailing-day records and destiny exposures as regards to the dynamic forces at play. The prime motive for the examination report is to offer the endorser with an expansive format and make available the beneficial facts and facts. The quantifiable and trying out clarifications at the back of the exam apart from executes facts on troubles, for instance, drivers, restraints and projections to gage the delayed effect of the overall Super Fine Talc Powder market through the move of the stated gage period within the examination record. The record in like route passes on a brief and world class record of the predefined market lines, which joins a few events of the veritable concentrations at work which can be studied to cause change inside the market or might also reason any poor effect.

This record apart from stations into the general Super Fine Talc Powder market via in a general sense inspecting the component and industrialized chain of the marketplace. This is required to likewise assist in passing on genuine blue information and information on compound components of the appropriate marketplace, for instance, material identifying with strategies for the overseeing frame inside the everyday and trendy strata, delivery and transmission shape, objectives, and motives for top rate got for the contributed mean.

For more information on this report, fill the form @https://www.qyresearchreports.com/sample/sample.php?rep_id=1196820&type=S

The document makes use of a few indicated industry exam and entire devices. They permit the exam gather pass on a revealed fundamental assessment of the overall Super Fine Talc Powder market and help endorser and marketplace troupes to be admonished concerning speculation and enterprise judgments. The wide reasoning of the exam offers a marketplace role on an unquestionable and moment scale. It assembles essential and discretionary studies structures along those strains. The operators have figured the recorded studies and rose it from the forward and in flip round alternate the scenario to layout a shape for the general Super Fine Talc Powder market in the years beforehand.

Table of Contents

1 Super Fine Talc Powder Market Overview 1 1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Super Fine Talc Powder 1 1.2 Super Fine Talc Powder Segment by Types 2 1.2.1 Global Production Market Share of Super Fine Talc Powder by Types in 2016 2 1.2.2 Industrial Grade Super Fine Talc Powder 2 1.2.3 Cosmetic Grade Super Fine Talc Powder 3 1.2.4 Food and Pharmaceutical Grade Super Fine Talc Powder 4

2 Global Super Fine Talc Powder Market Competition by Manufacturers 17 2.1 Global Super Fine Talc Powder Capacity, Production and Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017) 17 2.2 Global Super Fine Talc Powder Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017) 23 2.3 Global Super Fine Talc Powder Average Price by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017) 26 2.4 Manufacturers Super Fine Talc Powder Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Types 28 2.5 Super Fine Talc Powder Market Competitive Situation and Trends 30

3 Global Super Fine Talc Powder Capacity, Production, Revenue (Value) by Regions (2012-2017) 33 3.1 Global Super Fine Talc Powder Capacity and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017) 33 3.2 Global Super Fine Talc Powder Production and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017) 34 3.3 Global Super Fine Talc Powder Revenue (Value) and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017) 35 3.4 Global Super Fine Talc Powder Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 37 3.5 North America Super Fine Talc Powder Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017) 37

To Browse a Complete Report with TOC Visit @https://www.qyresearchreports.com/report/global-super-fine-talc-powder-market-2017-industry-research-report.htm/toc

List of Table and Figures

Figure China Super Fine Talc Powder Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022) 12 Figure Europe Super Fine Talc Powder Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022) 13 Figure Japan Super Fine Talc Powder Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022) 14 Figure South America Super Fine Talc Powder Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022) 15 Figure Global Super Fine Talc Powder Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022) 16 Table Global Super Fine Talc Powder Capacity of Key Manufacturers (2016 and 2017) 17 Table Global Super Fine Talc Powder Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2016 and 2017) 18 Figure Global Super Fine Talc Powder Capacity of Key Manufacturers in 2016 19 Figure Global Super Fine Talc Powder Capacity of Key Manufacturers in 2017 20 Table Global Super Fine Talc Powder Production of Key Manufacturers (2016 and 2017) 20 Table Global Super Fine Talc Powder Production Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017) 21 Figure 2016 Super Fine Talc Powder Production Share by Manufacturers 22

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#Super Fine Talc Powder Market #Super Fine Talc Powder Market Research

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hairterminator · 7 years

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http://blog.hair-terminator.com/heathy-life/best-products-for-thinning-hair/

Best Products For Thinning Hair

Stop Thinning Hair In Its Tracks With These Awesome Products March 22, 2017 Share Tweet The causes of hair loss seem infinite. Some believe it’s all in their genes. Others identify stress as the culprit. Then come the rare few that think poor hygiene is to blame. Well,

Stop Thinning Hair In Its Tracks With These Awesome Products

March 22, 2017

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The causes of hair loss seem infinite. Some believe it’s all in their genes. Others identify stress as the culprit. Then come the rare few that think poor hygiene is to blame. Well, research suggests all of these contribute heavily to less fur on your noggin. But if thinning hair is the one condition that’s become the bane of your existence, then it’s most likely attributed to some bad habits you’ve picked up throughout adulthood. When crash dieting, steaming showers, soaking in the sun, scratching your head, and tightening the man bun become too routine to your lifestyle, know you’ll be investing in some form of thinning hair solution sooner than later to save face, better yet save mane. Alopecia might already be rearing its ugly head and you’re just completely oblivious to it. What? Did you seriously think those strands on your cardigan or trapped in the shower drain came from last night’s Tinder hookup? It’s you buddy. Research shows that an estimated 40% of men notice hair loss by the age 35. And whether you’re far from or past that age range, it only benefits you to spot these visual cues when worrying about thinning hair.

Flat hairline

Hair on your brush or pillow

Lighter weight felt when combing head

Scalp becomes more visible when hair is pulled back

Sunburn on the scalp

Widening of the central part

Sure. You can go the cosmetic route and opt for a revolution treatment like FUE to remedy the situation, though for men struggling with hair loss, it’s not always a viable choice. Not only does the surgery come with a hefty price tag, before you’re even considered a viable candidate you have to prove an established pattern of hair loss. Which means there’s an awkward ‘in between’ phase where thinning is apparent, but not chronic enough to warrant treatment. With many men refusing Propecia (finasteride) and Rogaine (minoxidil) on account of the side effects, the only realistic option left is a thickening product that creates a temporary bulking effect.

Don’t think for one second a doctor’s prescription is needed to obtain a hair thickening cure. You can find many off the counter at most local pharmacies or online. And lucky for us, today’s offerings are far more advanced than those infomercial rip-offs we’ve wasted money on over the past decade. Read the labels to determine these key factors when shopping for one.

All-natural ingredients: Aloe Vera, herbal compounds, essential oils, and vitamins can all contribute to full and healthy locks.

Clinical approvals: Co-signs are badges of honor for all beauty products, so be sure every viable pickup garners the praise to back up its authenticity.

Hair type: Not all hair-thickening products are formulated universally. See if the serum favors your hair DNA.

Paraben-free: Refrain from any products with these preservatives, along with GMOs, sulfates and other hazardous chemicals responsible for baldness.

So if you have early signs of thinning or hair that’s lost its strength, feast your peepers on the innovative (and affordable) solutions worth expensing.

Phyto Phytolium 4

Billed as a groundbreaking hair support system, Phytolium 4 stands out as a re-densifying scalp treatment engineered with four patents to combat ‘chronic’ thinning and extend your hair’s life cycle. It comes packed with glycoproteins for stimulating regrowth and procyanidins to nurture the hair bulb and stimulate growth. Studies have shown that 79% of volunteers found the complex to be effective after four months of use, where as several reviewers have noticed less shedding within a two-week span. Application is longwinded and requires commitment (massage a phial of the concentrate into the scalp three times a week after shampooing), but look at it as a trivial process that’s well worth the effort. $65.00 at Amazon.com

Peter Thomas Roth Hair To Die For

Peter Thomas Roth lives by the philosophy, “Breakthrough formulas. Astonishing results.” Suffice to say, the personal skincare brand’s unique hair growth solution is a testament to this credo. The formula works in three stages, which is spearheaded by patented Tri-Phase Complex technology to initiate the hair growth cycle. Texture is non-oily and absorbs comfortably into the scalp. Its scent is said to be just as pleasing. The fact that it’s formulated without the use of parabens, sulfates, GMOs and triclosan earns it bonus points. Much of the alopecia constituency attests to the product working within the first 10 days of continuous use. Majority rules. $20.33 at Amazon.com

Nioxin Thickening Spray

By now you’ve got the gist of how thickening products work: a key ingredient binds to hair shafts, creating a temporarily fuller head of hair. Here we have a ‘3D’ treatment that has been described as a temporary thickener adding body by way of specialized polymers to make hair feel and look plumper. It’s incredibly easy to use as all that’s required from the user is to spray through damp hair, comb through, and blow dry for immediate results. The formula then gets absorbed and creates a short-term thickening that holds up pretty strong, plus it controls frizz and exudes a pleasant scent. Straight and wavy hair types need apply. $9.19 at Amazon.com

Jack Black True Volume Thickening Shampoo

The hero product of Jack Black’s reinvented hair care collection, this botanical shampoo has garnered acclaim for its use of potent ingredients and a “proprietary thickening complex” that helps hair look and feel fuller. The formula relies on Expansion technology to release Creatine and wheat protein into your hair shaft, which in result strengthens each strand for considerably firmer shag. A subtle scent hits your nostrils upon application that provides a sigh of relief when massaged into the scalp. Considering its strengths, one can easily mistake the shampoo for any caliber hair regrowth serum, but don’t. Recognize it as an amazing hair wash—one filled with gentle surfactants and natural plants oils to fortify thinning hair. $28.00 at Amazon.com

Revivogen Scalp Therapy

Formulated by board certified dermatologist, Revivogen sets itself apart from other hair loss products by addressing its root cause the hormonal by product called DHT. Revivogen Scalp Therapy is formulated with the most potent natural ingredients, scientifically proven to reduce DHT production with noticeable results within 90-days. All you have to do is part the hair in the thinning areas and spray once a day. It's as simple as that. $99.00��at Revivogen.com

V76 Hydrating Conditioner

Chamomile, sage leaf extract, and vitamin E are all-natural additives tabulated for revitalizing dry and thinning hair. V76’s rich cream conditioner brings out the magical properties of all three ingredients to nourish and stimulate the scalp for shine and strength. On top of delivering intense hydration for overworked hair, it administers defense against splitting ends caused by sun exposure and harmful free radicals. A quarter-sized dollop is enough to leave your mane feeling silky and smooth. And the intoxicating aroma of blue cedar and coconut milk should leave your partner feeling aroused, no matter the hair situation. We definitely recommend pairing it with the brand’s Editor Pick Hydrating Shampoo for well-balanced results. $19.00 at Amazon.com

American Crew Boost Powder

One would never consider hairstyling powder to tame thinning hair. American Crew proves the skeptics wrong with its weightless talc treatment. Key ingredients like silica silylate and citric acid work together to regulate pH levels, restoring and thickening hair, all while leaving a matte finish. Interestingly enough it lifts and holds threads better than most gels or pomades to maintain the ‘dry look.’ Sprinkle it lightly on hair and ruffle your mop with your fingers to establish an active thickening foundation. Yes. The container is small. Yes. That equates to a small amount of use. However, the small price tag and long-lasting effects compensate for such what seems to be the product’s only shortcoming. $9.78 at Amazon.com

Aveda Thickening Tonic

One of the market’s best quick fixes comes in spray form and is guaranteed to boost volume instantly. Made from 97% natural ingredients, Aveda’s specialty tonic is perfect for fine textured hair, adding bulk and body without weighing down hair. This spray engages your mane by creating an extra layer of particulates (aka microscopic liquid matter) that deposit into hair strands, therefore creating a thicker appearance in the process. A series of adhesive agents are found in the formula such as hydrolyzed soy protein and wheat starch to name a few that work in unison with these particulates to protect hair from environmental damage. Use this temporary solution before styling. $23.37 at Amazon.com

Eufora Hero For Men Revitalizing Treatment

This adequate blend of advanced technology and botanical extracts operate to increase scalp circulation and invigorate hair follicles. Waking up in the mornings to exposed baldness will kill your mojo, as Eufora’s conditioner serves as an confidence booster by deploying nutrients to the papilla to build firm strands over time, while using menthol and camphor to leave a refreshing sensation on your dome. Some have found its use of essential oil fragrance to be the most neglected attribute, especially since it releases a super-clean odor that pairs nicely with mint-scented colognes or deodorants. It also performs superbly well against dryness and itchiness thanks to its soothing complex. $18.99 at Amazon.com

Nanogen Hair Thickening Fibres

Available in ten natural shades that adapt to your exact hair color, these clever fibers cling to individual hairs, making them appear thicker. The cosmetic camouflage is made from keratin, a fibrous protein forming the main structural constituent of hair, plus light deflecting dyes to achieve all-natural looks. Nanogen employs its patent pending electrostatic coating to each individual fiber that makes it resistant to strong wind and wet conditions (rain, swimming, etc.). Few have claimed the product requires a bit of time to master a proper application routine, though once past the learning curve it’s proven to be a sure-shot for those seeking singular hair density. $54.99 at Amazon.com

#hair removal #Hair-terminator

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