#Subarachnoid hemorrhage medical conditions

[ctbraininjurysupportservice-blog]

"Know Your Strokes: Understanding the Different Types of Stroke"

#stroke , ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, transient ischemic attack, #TIA, medical condition, blood flow, brain cells, blood clot, thrombotic stroke, embolic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, high blood pressure, #smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, #symptoms, treatment options, #rehabilitation life-threatening, prompt medical attention, #awareness#Connecticut#community#braininjuryawarenessy#strokeawareness#caregiver

ABI RESOURCES Advocacy, Community Care and Supported Living

[mcatmemoranda]

Distinguishing primary headache syndromes – While episodic tension-type headache (TTH) is the most frequent headache type in population-based studies, migraine is the most common diagnosis in patients presenting to medical attention with headache. Clinicians can easily become familiar with the most common primary headache disorders and how to distinguish them (table 1).

Table 1:

●Initial evaluation – Using the patient history as the primary diagnostic tool, the initial headache evaluation (algorithm 1) should determine whether the headache is primary or secondary and, if the latter, whether the underlying cause is serious.

---------------

Algorithm 1:

The evaluation of new-onset nontraumatic headache involves assessing for secondary (eg, structural, inflammatory) causes as well as identifying primary headache syndromes.

SAH: subarachnoid hemorrhage; CO: carbon monoxide; ICH: intracranial hemorrhage; CVT: cerebral venous thrombosis; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus.* Primary headache syndromes include migraine and related conditions, tension-type headaches, trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks, and hemicrania continua), and less common primary headache disorders (eg, new persistent daily headache, primary cough headache, primary exercise headache). Refer to UpToDate topics for additional details.

---------------------

●Low risk headache features – The following features can serve as indicators in patients who are unlikely to have serious underlying cause for headache:

•Age ≤50 years

•Features typical of primary headaches

•History of similar headache

•No abnormal neurologic findings

•No concerning change in usual headache pattern

•No high-risk comorbid conditions

•No new or concerning findings on history or examination

Patients with headache who meet these criteria do not require imaging.

●High-risk headache features – Patients with danger signs or other features of a secondary headache source require prompt evaluation and imaging (algorithm 1 and algorithm 2 and table 7). This includes patients who have a severe headache with sudden onset (ie, thunderclap headache), with suspected meningitis or encephalitis, with neck pain with Horner syndrome suggesting cervical artery dissection, with focal neurologic deficit or papilledema suggesting increased intracranial pressure (ICP), or with orbital or periorbital symptoms.

------------

Algorithm 2:

The evaluation of new-onset nontraumatic headache involves assessing for secondary (eg, structural, inflammatory) causes as well as identifying primary headache syndromes.

MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; CT: computed tomography; MR: magnetic resonance; LP: lumbar puncture; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid.

* Head CT may be preferred imaging test for acute or severe headaches when quicker to perform or more readily available than MRI and for patients unable to have an MRI. Brain MRI may be preferred for patients with chronic symptoms and when initial head CT is nondiagnostic.

¶ Refer to UpToDate topics on the evaluation of headache for additional details on secondary causes of headache.

Δ CT- or MR-venography of the head may also be warranted for patients with suspected cerebral venous thrombosis.

◊ Additional imaging including myelography may be warranted for some patients with a suspected spinal source to headache (eg, spontaneous intracranial hypotension) when initial imaging is nondiagnostic.§ Primary headache syndromes include migraine and related conditions, tension-type headaches, trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks, and hemicrania continua), and less common primary headache disorders (eg, new persistent daily headache, primary cough headache, primary exercise headache). Refer to UpToDate topics for additional details.

------------------

The mnemonic SNNOOP10 is a reminder of the danger signs ("red flags") for the presence of serious underlying disorders that can cause acute or subacute headache:

•Systemic symptoms including fever

•Neoplasm history

•Neurologic deficit (including decreased consciousness)

•Onset is sudden abrupt onset

•Older age (onset after age 50 years)

•Pattern change or recent onset of new headache

•Positional headache

•Precipitated by sneezing, coughing, or exercise

•Papilledema

•Progressive headache and atypical presentations

•Pregnancy or puerperium

•Painful eye with autonomic features

•Post-traumatic onset of headache

•Pathology of the immune system or use of immunosuppressive therapies

•Painkiller medication overuse (includes analgesics, ergots, triptans)

●Neuroimaging test selection – Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head is the preferred imaging exam for headache. Choice of modality and need for intravenous (IV) contrast depends on the clinical indications (see 'Common clinical scenarios' above). For imaging of the vessels, cerebral and cervical angiography using computed tomography (CTA) or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is performed as an added exam to head CT or MRI and usually requires IV contrast administration.

[drchristophedelongsblog]

Normal pressure hydrocephalus and gait disorders in the elderly

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a neurological condition characterized by excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain. Although intracranial pressure is normal, this accumulation can lead to a variety of symptoms, including walking difficulties in the elderly.

Causes of normal pressure hydrocephalus

The exact causes of PNH are not always known, but certain risk factors have been identified, including :

- Age: PNH is more common in the elderly.

- Gender: Women are more affected than men.

- History of head trauma: Previous head trauma may increase the risk of developing PNH.

- Meningitis: Inflammation of the meninges (the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord) can lead to PNH.

- Subarachnoid hemorrhage: Bleeding into the subarachnoid space (the space between the meninges) can lead to PNH.

Symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus

Symptoms of PNH may vary from person to person, but the most common are :

- Gait disorders: This is one of the most common symptoms of PNH. Sufferers may experience unsteadiness, a shuffling gait or difficulty maintaining balance.

- Urinary incontinence: Urinary incontinence can be an early symptom of PH.

- Memory loss: Memory loss can be a late symptom of PH.

- Headaches: Headaches may be present, but are not always a symptom of PH.

Diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus

The diagnosis of PNH is based on several tests, including :

- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain: MRI is the gold standard for the diagnosis of PNH. It allows visualization of enlarged ventricles and measurement of intracranial pressure.

- Lumbar puncture: A lumbar puncture can be performed to measure cerebrospinal fluid pressure and analyze its composition.

 Treatment of normal pressure hydrocephalus

Treatment of PNH depends on the severity of symptoms and the underlying cause. In some cases, no treatment is necessary. In other cases, treatment options may include :

- Medication: Diuretics can be used to reduce cerebrospinal fluid production.

- Surgery: A ventricular shunt may be implanted to drain cerebrospinal fluid into the abdomen or peritoneum.

Prevention of normal-pressure hydrocephalus

There is no way to prevent NPH, but it's important to consult a doctor if you experience symptoms such as gait problems, urinary incontinence or memory loss.

Conclusion

Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a condition that can lead to walking difficulties in the elderly. If you are concerned by this condition, it is important to consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.

[drnavneetagrawal]

Dr. Navneet Agrawal: Leading Brain Hemorrhage Surgeon in Jaipur

When it comes to intricate medical conditions, brain hemorrhage is one of the most serious. This condition, which involves bleeding in or around the brain, demands immediate attention and specialized care. In Jaipur, one name stands out when it comes to the treatment of brain hemorrhages – Dr. Navneet Agrawal. Known for his expertise, experience, and compassionate approach, Dr. Agrawal has become a trusted name in the field of neurosurgery, specifically in treating brain hemorrhages.

Who is Dr. Navneet Agrawal?

Dr. Navneet Agrawal is a highly skilled Brain Hemorrhage Surgeon in Jaipur with years of experience in neurosurgery. His extensive medical education and training have allowed him to gain in-depth knowledge and proficiency in managing complex neurological conditions. Dr. Agrawal is recognized not only for his surgical expertise but also for his holistic approach to patient care. He understands the physical, emotional, and psychological toll that neurological conditions can have on patients and their families, making him a compassionate and empathetic healthcare provider.

Expertise in Brain Hemorrhage Treatment

A brain hemorrhage, or bleeding in the brain, can occur due to various reasons, including trauma, aneurysms, or high blood pressure. Symptoms can range from severe headaches and nausea to neurological deficits like paralysis or vision loss. It is crucial to treat brain hemorrhages promptly and effectively to minimize complications and improve outcomes.

Dr. Navneet Agrawal is known for his specialized approach to treating brain hemorrhages. Whether it is a subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, or any other type of bleeding in the brain, Dr. Agrawal uses the latest medical technologies and minimally invasive techniques to provide the best care for his patients. His expertise in brain hemorrhage surgery has helped numerous patients recover and regain their quality of life.

State-of-the-Art Facilities for Brain Hemorrhage Surgery

Dr. Agrawal practices at some of the best healthcare facilities in Jaipur, where patients have access to state-of-the-art medical equipment and a comprehensive support system. The clinics and hospitals he is associated with are well-equipped with advanced imaging systems, diagnostic tools, and surgical technologies, ensuring precise diagnosis and effective treatment.

Dr. Navneet Agrawal’s commitment to offering high-quality healthcare is reflected in the outcomes of his patients. His clinics provide a warm and supportive environment, making the entire treatment process as comfortable as possible for patients and their families.

Why Choose Dr. Navneet Agrawal for Brain Hemorrhage Surgery in Jaipur?

Expertise and Experience: With years of experience in neurosurgery, Dr. Agrawal is considered one of the leading brain hemorrhage surgeons in Jaipur. His deep understanding of brain anatomy and surgical techniques allows him to handle even the most complex cases.

Advanced Treatment Options: Dr. Agrawal is known for offering the latest in minimally invasive surgical options, which result in quicker recovery times, fewer complications, and better outcomes for his patients.

Personalized Care: Every patient is different, and Dr. Agrawal takes a personalized approach to each case. He works closely with his patients and their families, explaining the condition, treatment options, and expected outcomes.

Compassionate Approach: The emotional and psychological aspects of dealing with a brain hemorrhage can be overwhelming. Dr. Agrawal’s compassionate and empathetic approach makes him a reliable choice for patients during one of the most challenging times in their lives.

High Success Rates: Dr. Agrawal’s success rate in treating brain hemorrhage patients is among the best in the region. His focus on precision and care has earned him the trust and admiration of many.

Final Thoughts

A brain hemorrhage is a serious medical condition, but with the right surgeon, the prognosis can be much more favorable. Dr. Navneet Agrawal, one of the top Brain Hemorrhage Surgeons in Jaipur, is committed to providing the highest level of care for those facing such challenges. His expertise, advanced surgical techniques, and compassionate approach make him a top choice for patients seeking treatment for brain hemorrhage.

If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of a brain hemorrhage, don’t wait. Reach out to Dr. Navneet Agrawal today to discuss your concerns and take the first step toward recovery. With his help, you can be confident that you are in expert hands.

[manipalhospital1]

Urgent Signs of Brain Hemorrhage: Essential Guide for Caregivers

A brain haemorrhage, also known as intracranial haemorrhage, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood leaks into the brain tissue or the spaces surrounding it. Recognising the brain hemorrhage signs is crucial, as prompt medical attention can be lifesaving. Scroll till the end to know more about it and what steps one can take to save a life. 

Synopsis

 Understanding the Severity

 Urgent Signs to Watch For

 Prevention Tips

 

Understanding the Severity

The location of a brain hemorrhage determines its classification:

Subarachnoid haemorrhage: Bleeding in the space between the brain and the surrounding membranes.

Intracerebral haemorrhage: Bleeding within the brain tissue itself.

Subdural haemorrhage: Bleeding between the brain and the dura mater, the outermost layer of the brain's protective covering.

The severity of a brain haemorrhage depends on the location, size, and rate of bleeding.

Urgent Signs to Watch For

Sudden, Severe Headache: Often described as a "thunderclap" headache, it's a hallmark symptom of a brain haemorrhage.

Weakness or Numbness: Sudden weakness or numbness in one side of the body, such as the face, arm, or leg.

Difficulty Speaking or Understanding: Slurred speech, confusion, or trouble finding the right words.

Vision Problems: Blurred vision, double vision, or loss of vision in one or both eyes.

Severe Nausea and Vomiting: Persistent vomiting or nausea without an apparent cause.

Dizziness or Loss of Balance: Unexpected difficulty maintaining balance or feeling lightheaded.

Seizures: Uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain.

Loss of Consciousness: This is a severe sign and requires immediate medical attention.

When to Seek Immediate Medical Help

Do not hesitate to consult our expert neurosurgeon in Gurugram if you or someone you know experiences any of these brain hemorrhage symptoms. Time is critical in treating a brain haemorrhage.

Prevention Tips

While not all brain haemorrhages can be prevented, certain lifestyle modifications can reduce the risk factors:

Manage high blood pressure: Regular check-ups and medication can help control hypertension.

Control blood sugar:  Maintain healthy blood sugar levels if you have diabetes.

Limit alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol intake can increase the risk of bleeding disorders.

Avoid smoking: Smoking damages blood vessels.

Safe driving: Adhering to traffic rules and using seat belts can prevent head injuries.

Remember, this information is a general guide and should not replace professional medical advice. If you have any concerns about your health or the health of someone you care for, consult our best neurosurgery hospital in Gurugram. Check out our blog page for the latest medical updates.

[lovelypol]

Acute External Ventricular Drain Market to Reach $6.1 Billion by 2033, Growing at 5.0% CAGR

Acute External Ventricular Drain Market : Acute external ventricular drains (EVDs) are critical medical devices used in the management of patients with acute neurological conditions, such as traumatic brain injuries, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and hydrocephalus. These devices are used to remove cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the brain's ventricles to relieve pressure caused by excess fluid buildup. EVDs are essential for preventing brain damage by reducing intracranial pressure (ICP), thereby improving patient outcomes. The demand for acute EVDs has grown as neurological disorders become more prevalent, and advancements in medical technology continue to improve their functionality and ease of use.

To Request Sample Report : https://www.globalinsightservices.com/request-sample/?id=GIS32146 &utm_source=SnehaPatil&utm_medium=Article

The acute EVD market is seeing rapid advancements in both design and application. Innovations in materials and technology have led to the development of more accurate, reliable, and patient-friendly drainage systems. Modern EVDs are now equipped with features like pressure sensors, which allow healthcare professionals to continuously monitor intracranial pressure, and antimicrobial coatings, which reduce the risk of infection—a significant concern in critical care settings. These enhancements are contributing to the growing adoption of acute external ventricular drains in hospitals and clinics worldwide, improving the safety and effectiveness of treatments for patients with life-threatening brain conditions.

As the prevalence of neurological conditions continues to rise globally, the acute external ventricular drain market is expected to expand further. This growth is fueled by increased awareness, better diagnosis, and technological improvements that facilitate earlier and more accurate interventions. Additionally, the increasing focus on patient outcomes and the drive for minimally invasive treatment options is boosting the use of EVDs in intensive care units (ICUs) and emergency care settings. With ongoing research and innovations, the acute EVD market is poised to continue advancing, offering life-saving benefits for patients with critical neurological conditions.

#AcuteExternalVentricularDrain #EVD #NeurologicalCare #BrainHealth #IntracranialPressure #TraumaticBrainInjury #Hydrocephalus #SubarachnoidHemorrhage #CriticalCare #Neurosurgery #MedicalTechnology #PatientOutcomes #ICUDevices #BrainPressureManagement #HealthTech

[harshnews]

Intracranial Hematoma Drug Marke Size, Share, Key Drivers, Trends, Challenges and Competitive Analysis

"Global Intracranial Hematoma Drug Market – Industry Trends and Forecast to 2028

Global Intracranial Hematoma Drug Market, By Types (Epidural Hematoma, Subdural Hematoma, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Intracerebral Hemorrhage), Mechanism of Action (Osmotic Diuretics, Anticoagulants, Steroids Antiepileptic and Others), Drugs Type (Mannitol, Warfarin, Prednisone and Phenytoin and Others), Diagnosis (CT Scan, MRI Scan and Angiogram), Treatment (Medications, Surgical Drainage, Craniotomy), Route of Administration (Oral, Intravenous and Others), Distribution Channel (Direct, Online Pharmacy, Retailers and Others), End Users (Hospitals, Homecare, Specialty Clinics, Others), Country (U.S., Canada, Mexico, Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Rest of South America, Germany, Italy, U.K., France, Spain, Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Turkey, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, Austria, Ireland, Norway, Poland, Rest of Europe, Japan, China, India, South Korea, Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Rest of Asia Pacific, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, Kuwait, Israel, Egypt, Rest of Middle East and Africa) Industry Trends and Forecast to 2028.

Access Full 350 Pages PDF Report @

**Segments**

- By Type: The intracranial hematoma drug market can be segmented by type into epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, and intracerebral hematoma. Each type has specific characteristics and treatment approaches, leading to a diverse range of drugs targeted at addressing these unique hematoma types. - By Treatment: Another crucial segmentation of the market is based on treatment options, such as surgery, medications, and other interventions. Surgery is often required in severe cases, while medications play a significant role in managing symptoms and preventing complications in less severe instances.

**Market Players**

- Pfizer Inc.: As one of the leading pharmaceutical companies globally, Pfizer has a presence in the intracranial hematoma drug market with its range of medications catering to different types of hematomas. - Novartis AG: Novartis is another key player in this market, offering innovative drug therapies for intracranial hematoma treatment, focusing on efficacy and patient outcomes. - Johnson & Johnson: With a diverse portfolio of healthcare products, Johnson & Johnson also has a stake in the intracranial hematoma drug market, providing essential medications and therapies for patients. - Merck & Co., Inc.: Merck is known for its research-driven approach to drug development, including advancements in intracranial hematoma treatment options, adding value to the market. - Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.: Teva is a prominent player in the pharmaceutical industry, contributing to the intracranial hematoma drug market with its diverse range of medications and treatment solutions.

These market players represent a fraction of the companies actively involved in the intracranial hematoma drug market, each bringing its expertise and innovative products to cater to the needs of healthcare professionals and patients dealing with this critical medical condition.

https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/global-intracranial-hematoma-drug-marketThe global intracranial hematoma drug market is witnessing significant growth and innovation driven by advancements in medical research and technology. Market players are continually investing in R&D to develop novel treatment options for different types of intracranial hematomas, such as epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, and intracerebral hematoma. The focus on personalized medicine and targeted therapies is shaping the landscape of the market, with a growing emphasis on improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

One of the key trends in the intracranial hematoma drug market is the increasing adoption of minimally invasive surgical techniques for the treatment of hematomas. These procedures offer several advantages over traditional open surgeries, including reduced recovery times, lower infection rates, and improved patient satisfaction. Market players are partnering with healthcare providers to promote the adoption of these advanced surgical techniques, thereby driving market growth.

Another trend shaping the market is the rising prevalence of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) leading to intracranial hematomas. TBIs are a significant public health concern globally, with a high incidence of hematomas as a complication. This trend is driving the demand for innovative drug therapies and treatment modalities to address the complex needs of patients with intracranial hematomas resulting from TBIs.

Market players are also focusing on expanding their geographical presence and market reach through strategic collaborations, partnerships, and acquisitions. By leveraging synergies and combining resources, companies can enhance their product offerings, accelerate innovation, and capture a larger share of the intracranial hematoma drug market.

Moreover, the growing geriatric population worldwide is expected to fuel market growth, as elderly individuals are more susceptible to intracranial hematomas due to age-related factors such as reduced brain resilience and increased risk of falls. This demographic trend underscores the importance of developing effective and safe drug therapies tailored to the specific needs of elderly patients.

In conclusion, the global intracranial hematoma drug market is characterized**Market Analysis**

- Global Intracranial Hematoma Drug Market, By Types: The market is segmented into epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intracerebral hemorrhage. Each type requires specific treatment approaches, leading to a diverse range of drugs targeted at addressing these unique hematoma types. - Mechanism of Action: Intracranial hematoma drugs operate via various mechanisms, including osmotic diuretics, anticoagulants, steroids, antiepileptic drugs, and others. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. - Drugs Type: Common drugs used in intracranial hematoma treatment include mannitol, warfarin, prednisone, phenytoin, and others, each playing a specific role in managing hematomas. - Diagnosis: Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. Common diagnostic tools include CT scans, MRI scans, and angiograms, enabling healthcare providers to identify and assess intracranial hematomas accurately. - Treatment: Treatment options for intracranial hematomas include medications, surgical drainage, and craniotomy, with the choice depending on the severity and type of hematoma. - Route of Administration: Intracranial hematoma drugs can be administered orally, intravenously, or via other routes, impacting drug absorption and effectiveness. - Distribution Channel: Hematoma drugs reach patients through various channels, including

Core Objective of Intracranial Hematoma Drug Market:

Every firm in the Intracranial Hematoma Drug Market has objectives but this market research report focus on the crucial objectives, so you can analysis about competition, future market, new products, and informative data that can raise your sales volume exponentially.

Size of the Intracranial Hematoma Drug Market and growth rate factors.

Important changes in the future Intracranial Hematoma Drug Market.

Top worldwide competitors of the Market.

Scope and product outlook of Intracranial Hematoma Drug Market.

Developing regions with potential growth in the future.

Tough Challenges and risk faced in Market.

Global Intracranial Hematoma Drug top manufacturers profile and sales statistics.

Highlights of TOC:

Chapter 1: Market overview

Chapter 2: Global Intracranial Hematoma Drug Market

Chapter 3: Regional analysis of the Global Intracranial Hematoma Drug Market industry

Chapter 4: Intracranial Hematoma Drug Market segmentation based on types and applications

Chapter 5: Revenue analysis based on types and applications

Chapter 6: Market share

Chapter 7: Competitive Landscape

Chapter 8: Drivers, Restraints, Challenges, and Opportunities

Chapter 9: Gross Margin and Price Analysis

How the Report Aids Your Business Discretion?

This section of this Market report highlights some of the most relevant factors and growth enablers that collectively ensure a high-end growth spurt

The report unravels details on pronounced share assessments across both country-wise as well as region-based segments

A leading synopsis of market share analysis of dynamic players inclusive of high-end industry veterans

New player entry analysis and their scope of new business models

The report includes strategic recommendations for new business veterans as well as established players seeking novel growth avenues

A detailed consultation services based on historical as well as current timelines to ensure feasible forecast predictions

A thorough evaluation and detailed study of various segments as well as sub-segments across regional and country-specific developments

Details on market estimations, market size, dimensions

A review of market competitors, their high-end product and service portfolios, dynamic trends, as well as technological advances that portray high end growth in this Market

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[drlalitbhardwaj]

Brain Hemorrhage Surgeon in Jaipur

Brain hemorrhage, or intracranial hemorrhage, is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when blood vessels in the brain rupture, causing bleeding within or around the brain. Immediate medical intervention by a skilled brain hemorrhage surgeon is crucial to prevent further damage, reduce pressure on the brain, and improve the chances of recovery. In Jaipur, there are several highly skilled and experienced neurosurgeons who specialize in treating brain hemorrhages and related neurological conditions. Our services is Brain Hemorrhage Surgeon in Jaipur

Understanding Brain Hemorrhage

A brain hemorrhage can be caused by several factors, including head trauma, high blood pressure (hypertension), aneurysms, blood vessel abnormalities, blood disorders, or stroke. The symptoms can vary depending on the location and severity of the bleeding, but common signs include sudden, severe headaches, nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness, seizures, and weakness or numbness on one side of the body.

Brain hemorrhages are classified into several types, including:

Intracerebral hemorrhage: Bleeding within the brain tissue.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage: Bleeding between the brain and the thin tissues covering it.

Epidural hemorrhage: Bleeding between the skull and the outer layer of the brain.

Subdural hemorrhage: Bleeding between the brain and the outer layer but beneath the dura mater.

Each of these conditions requires specialized knowledge and surgical skills to manage effectively, making the role of a brain hemorrhage surgeon critical.

Expertise of a Brain Hemorrhage Surgeon

A brain hemorrhage surgeon is a highly trained neurosurgeon with expertise in diagnosing and surgically treating brain hemorrhages. They employ advanced diagnostic techniques such as CT scans, MRIs, and cerebral angiography to identify the exact location and cause of the bleeding. Based on the diagnosis, the surgeon determines whether immediate surgery is necessary and which procedure is most suitable.

The most common surgeries performed for brain hemorrhages include:

Craniotomy: This procedure involves removing a part of the skull to access the brain and stop the bleeding. It may also be used to remove clots or repair damaged blood vessels.

Endovascular surgery: In this minimally invasive procedure, a catheter is inserted through the groin to reach the blood vessels in the brain. Surgeons use this technique to repair aneurysms and stop bleeding without the need for open brain surgery.

Hematoma evacuation: Surgeons may remove collected blood (hematoma) to reduce pressure on the brain and prevent further damage.

The success of brain hemorrhage surgery largely depends on the skill and experience of the neurosurgeon, as well as the timing of the intervention.

[diginerve]

What is Hydrocephalus? What is the Main Cause of Hydrocephalus

Medical science is complex, it includes studying topics like diseases, causes, and treatments to help people live healthy lives. One such topic that is crucial to understand in detail is Hydrocephalus. 

So, let’s understand the basics about the subject and then we will discuss how you can grab in-depth information and study resources about the subject.

What is Hydrocephalus? 

Hydrocephalus is a chronic neurological disorder where the fluid (Cerebrospinal fluid) builds inside the brain.

Though the Cerebrospinal fluid is already present inside the brain and acts as a caution, the excess can permanently damage the brain. It puts pressure on the skull and squashes surrounding brain tissue, which causes problems with physical and mental development. If untreated, it is usually fatal. 

The condition is primarily common in infants or people older than 60. The common symptoms of hydrocephalus in infants include:

Increase in the size of an infant's head

A bulge or tense soft spot on the top of the head

Nausea and vomiting

Sleepiness or sluggishness

Poor eating

Seizures

Eyes fixed downward

Problems with muscle tone and strength.

The following are the more common symptoms of hydrocephalus among adults 60 and older:

Loss of bladder control

Memory loss

Progressive loss of reasoning skills.

Trouble walking

Poor coordination or balance.

Remember: The systems among toddlers, children, and middle-aged adults can differ.

Types of Hydrocephalus 

The following are the different types of Hydrocephalus:

Congenital hydrocephalus: It is caused by a brain malformation or birth defect that causes excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to accumulate in brain cavities, called subarachnoid space.

Acquired hydrocephalus: Usually resulting from a stroke, brain tumour, meningitis, or a severe head injury.

Communicating hydrocephalus: A condition when the flow of CSF is blocked after leaving the ventricles. Because CSF can still flow between the brain’s ventricles, it is also called “communicating.”

Non-communicating hydrocephalus: Also known as obstructive hydrocephalus, this type occurs when the narrow pathways connecting the ventricles become blocked.

Normal pressure hydrocephalus: NPH affects primarily those aged 60 and up. It can arise following a stroke, injury, infection, surgery, or hemorrhage. 

Hydrocephalus ex-vacuo: Occurs after a stroke, traumatic brain injury, or degenerative disease. In this type, as brain tissue shrinks, the brain's ventricles become larger.

Now that we know the symptoms and types of hydrocephalus, let's dive in to learn about the causes so we can understand the problem better.

What is the Main Cause of Hydrocephalus

There are two distinct cause categories into which hydrocephalus can be classified:

Congenital

Acquired

Congenital hydrocephalus is the result of both genetic and environmental factors working together during foetal development. The following are the main reasons for congenital hydrocephalus:

Spina bifida and other brain and spinal cord (neural tube) defects.

A narrowing of the small passage between the third and fourth ventricles of the brain (aqueductal stenosis).

Complications of premature birth, such as bleeding within ventricles.

Mom has an infection during pregnancy.

On the other hand, Acquired hydrocephalus develops after birth and can affect people of all ages. Below, we have listed the most common causes of acquired hydrocephalus:

Brain or spinal cord tumours

Head trauma

Stroke

Meningitis or other infections of your brain or spinal cord.

After gaining a basic understanding of the subject, let us give you a solution that will help you get more details of the topic: Pediatrics MD Course!

Enroll in an online pediatrics course.

Without the assistance of a professional, it can be challenging to find the study material and understand the basics of the subject. 

That is why Dr. Piyush Gupta designed this course for students preparing for an MD in pediatrics.

The course includes pediatrics video lectures along with other crucial resources. 

So start your journey toward a good hold on the subject, and enroll in the course now!

[newwinshospitalmumbai]

Why Brain Angiography Is Essential?

Brain angioplasty is a medical procedure, which is done when there is a need to open up narrowed or blocked arteries in the brain. It involves the insertion of a small balloon catheter into the affected artery. Brain Angiography In Dahisar is done under the supervision of medical experts, and today we will talk about why it is done.

Treating Intracranial Atherosclerosis: This condition involves the buildup of plaque (fatty deposits) inside the arteries, which can restrict blood flow to the brain. Brain angioplasty can help open up these narrowed arteries, improving blood flow and reducing the risk of stroke.

Preventing Stroke: Patients who have had transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or are at high risk of stroke due to significant artery narrowing may benefit from brain angioplasty. By widening the arteries, the procedure reduces the likelihood of a stroke occurring.

Improving Blood Flow to the Brain: Chronic reduced blood flow to the brain (cerebral ischemia) can lead to symptoms like dizziness, memory problems, and difficulty concentrating. Brain angioplasty can enhance blood circulation, alleviating these symptoms.

Treating Aneurysms: In some cases, angioplasty is part of a procedure to treat brain aneurysms. It can be used to place coils inside the aneurysm to prevent rupture and subsequent bleeding.

Addressing Vasospasm: After a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), blood vessels in the brain can spasm and constrict. Brain angioplasty can help relax and widen these blood vessels, restoring normal blood flow and preventing further complications.

Managing Moyamoya Disease: This rare condition causes the arteries at the base of the brain to become narrowed or blocked, leading to reduced blood flow. Brain angioplasty can help improve circulation and prevent strokes in patients with Moyamoya disease.

If you or anyone you might know is searching for Brain Angioplasty In Dahisar, then you don’t have to worry about anything at all because we are the destination for you. The angioplasty is done under the supervision of experts, so if you want to get it done, then you can visit us.

About New Wins Hospital

New Wins Hospital is one of the reputed names because it offers everyone the right set of treatments for all types of mental health issues. The team of doctors as well as the technology available at the hospital helps in providing the right set of treatment. They value the trust of the patients, never compromise with the standards of the services, and assure that each one is getting better with time and the approach we are using.

Credit:- https://penzu.com/p/c8e39efc1fa0a5be

[bhushans]

A Market on the Move: Exploring Investment Opportunities in Global Transcranial Doppler Ultrasounds System Market

The  transcranial doppler ultrasounds system market is on the verge of remarkable growth, with revenues expected to soar from USD 316.8 million in 2023 to an impressive USD 646.1 million by 2033. This robust expansion, propelled by a compelling CAGR of 7.4% over the forecast period, underscores the critical role of advanced ultrasound technology in modern healthcare.

Transcranial doppler ultrasounds systems are revolutionizing the diagnosis and management of neurological disorders. Their non-invasive approach to monitoring blood flow in the brain is becoming increasingly indispensable for healthcare professionals worldwide. This cutting-edge technology enhances diagnostic accuracy, supports timely interventions, and ultimately improves patient outcomes.

As awareness and adoption of transcranial doppler ultrasounds systems continue to grow, the market is set to experience unprecedented advancements. The combination of technological innovation, increased healthcare investment, and rising incidence of neurological conditions is driving this dynamic sector forward.

Get Your Insightful Report Sample With Your Work Email: https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/sample/rep-gb-5139

TCDs: A Non-Invasive Window into Brain Health

The global transcranial doppler ultrasound (TCD) systems market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing need for effective and non-invasive methods for diagnosing neurological conditions. TCD systems utilize ultrasound waves to measure blood flow velocity within the brain’s basal intracranial arteries.

Broad Spectrum of Applications Fuels Market Growth

The versatility of TCD systems in diagnosing various neurological conditions is propelling market expansion. Key applications include:

Vascular Disorders: TCDs aid in diagnosing stenosis (narrowing), vasospasm (constriction), and emboli (blockages) caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage (bleeding around the brain).

Neurological Conditions: TCDs play a valuable role in identifying arteriovenous malformations (abnormal connections between arteries and veins), cerebral circulatory arrest (blood flow stoppage), and sickle cell disease complications.

Other Applications: TCDs are used in monitoring blood flow during surgery, detecting meningeal infections (inflamed meninges), and evaluating ischemic cerebrovascular disorders (reduced blood flow to the brain).

Key Takeaways:

The global transcranial doppler ultrasound (TCD) systems market is projected to reach US$646.1 million by 2033, reflecting a significant rise from US$316.8 million in 2023.

This growth is anticipated at a strong compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.4% throughout the forecast period.

The rising demand for non-invasive diagnostic tools for neurological conditions is a key driver for market expansion.

Competition Landscape in the Transcranial Doppler Ultrasounds System Market:

According to FMI’s market assessment on transcranial doppler ultrasound systems, there is moderate competition in this industry, which attracts both domestic and overseas enterprises.

In order to strengthen their positions in the market, the industry participants engage in a variety of organic and inorganic tactics, such as alliances, product launches, mergers and acquisitions.

Recent Developments Observed by FMI:

A medical technology and data business called NovaSignal Corp. that specializes in the evaluation and management of brain health announced in March 2022 that Health Canada has approved their NovaGuideTM Intelligent Ultrasound for a Medical Device Licence. Healthcare professionals in Canada may now utilize NovaGuide to record and track the brain’s blood flow in real time.

In order to aid in real-time diagnosis, NovaSignal Inc., headquartered in Los Angeles, introduced a second iteration of their robotic platform in October 2021 that is directed by artificial intelligence (AI). The technology employs ultrasound to automatically record blood flow data, which is subsequently transferred to a cloud system that complies with HIPAA rules so that physicians may view the exam data on any personal device, wherever they are.

Key Players in the Global Market:

ELCAT

Rimed

Natus Medical Incorporated

SMT Medical GmbH & Co. KG

Neural Analytics

Recorders & Medicare Systems Pvt. Ltd.

DX-Systems

Elica

Multigon Industries Inc.

Atys Medica

Transcranial Doppler Ultrasounds System Market Segmentation:

By Product Type:

Wearable

Non-wearable

By Component Type:

Systems

Accessories

By Modality Type:

Standalone

Portable

By End-user:

Hospital

Imaging Diagnostic Centers

Ambulatory Surgical Centers

Others

By Region:

North America

Latin America

Europe

Asia Pacific

Middle East & Africa (MEA)

[dr-kanishk-goyal-neuro]

How is a brain hemorrhage diagnosed?

Diagnosing a brain hemorrhage typically involves a combination of medical history assessment, physical examination, and diagnostic imaging tests. Here's an overview of the diagnostic process:

Medical History and Physical Examination: The doctor will start by taking a thorough medical history to understand the patient's symptoms, medical conditions, medications, and any recent injuries or trauma. A physical examination will be conducted to assess neurological function, including strength, coordination, sensation, and mental status.

Imaging Studies: Imaging tests are essential for confirming the diagnosis and determining the location and extent of the hemorrhage. Common imaging studies used to diagnose brain hemorrhage include:

CT Scan (Computed Tomography): A CT scan of the head is often the first imaging test performed in suspected cases of brain hemorrhage. It can quickly detect the presence of bleeding in the brain and provide detailed images to help determine the location and size of the hemorrhage.

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): MRI may be used to provide more detailed images of the brain and to assess the extent of damage caused by the hemorrhage. It is particularly useful for detecting smaller hemorrhages and evaluating surrounding brain tissue.

Cerebral Angiography: In some cases, cerebral angiography may be performed to evaluate the blood vessels in the brain and identify abnormalities such as aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) that could be causing the hemorrhage. This involves injecting contrast dye into the blood vessels and taking X-ray images.

Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap): In cases where subarachnoid hemorrhage is suspected but not detected on imaging studies, a lumbar puncture may be performed to examine the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for evidence of bleeding.

Once a brain hemorrhage is diagnosed, further tests may be conducted to determine the underlying cause and assess the extent of brain damage. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential for initiating appropriate treatment and optimizing outcomes for patients with brain hemorrhage.

[sufrgery1]

Navigating Cerebral Aneurysm Surgery in Hyderabad: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction: Understanding Cerebral Aneurysm Surgery

Cerebral aneurysm surgery is a critical procedure aimed at treating potentially life-threatening vascular abnormalities in the brain. In Hyderabad, a burgeoning medical hub renowned for its advanced healthcare facilities, patients can access cutting-edge treatments for cerebral aneurysms. This comprehensive guide sheds light on the nuances of cerebral aneurysm surgery in Hyderabad, emphasizing the importance of timely intervention and the availability of top-notch medical services at TX Hospitals.

What is a Cerebral Aneurysm?

Demystifying Cerebral Aneurysms

A cerebral aneurysm, also known as a brain aneurysm, is a weakened area in the wall of a blood vessel in the brain, leading to an abnormal bulging or ballooning. This condition poses a significant risk as it can rupture, causing potentially fatal bleeding into the surrounding space of the brain. Understanding the symptoms and risk factors associated with cerebral aneurysms is crucial for timely diagnosis and intervention.

Indications for Surgery

When Surgery Becomes Necessary

Cerebral aneurysms vary in size and location, and not all cases require surgical intervention. However, surgery may be recommended in the following scenarios:

Ruptured Aneurysms: When an aneurysm ruptures, causing bleeding into the brain (subarachnoid hemorrhage), emergency surgery is often necessary to prevent further damage and manage complications.

Large Aneurysms: Aneurysms larger than 7 mm in diameter are at a higher risk of rupture and may warrant surgical treatment to mitigate the risk.

Symptomatic Aneurysms: Aneurysms that cause symptoms such as severe headaches, vision changes, or neurological deficits may require surgical intervention to alleviate pressure on surrounding brain tissue.

Cerebral Aneurysm Surgery at TX Hospitals

Excellence in Neurosurgical Care

TX Hospitals in Hyderabad is at the forefront of neurosurgical excellence, offering state-of-the-art facilities and a multidisciplinary team of experts dedicated to providing optimal care for patients with cerebral aneurysms. Here’s what sets TX Hospitals apart:

Advanced Diagnostic Capabilities: Utilizing cutting-edge imaging technologies such as MRI, CT scans, and cerebral angiography, our specialists accurately diagnose cerebral aneurysms and assess the most suitable treatment approach.

Minimally Invasive Techniques: TX Hospitals specializes in minimally invasive neurosurgical techniques, including endovascular coiling and stent-assisted coiling, which offer faster recovery times and reduced risk compared to traditional open surgery.

Expert Surgical Team: Our neurosurgeons are highly skilled and experienced in performing complex cerebral aneurysm surgeries, ensuring optimal outcomes and patient safety.

Booking Your Appointment

Seamless Access to Care

Booking your cerebral aneurysm surgery at TX Hospitals is simple and convenient. Call 9089 48 9089 to schedule a consultation with our neurosurgical team and take the first step towards optimal brain health. Remember, early intervention is key to managing cerebral aneurysms effectively and minimizing the risk of complications.

Conclusion: Empowering Patients with Knowledge and Care

Navigating cerebral aneurysm surgery can be daunting, but with the right information and access to advanced medical care, patients can make informed decisions about their health and well-being. In Hyderabad, TX Hospitals stands as a beacon of hope, offering cutting-edge treatments and compassionate care to patients with cerebral aneurysms. Don’t wait until it’s too late – book your appointment today and embark on the path to recovery and renewed vitality.

[xtruss]

'Exploding Head Syndrome'? Inside A Mysterious, Disturbing Sleep Condition

This Little Understood Disorder Leads Some to Hear Loud Crashes or Booms as They're Drifting Off to Sleep.

— By Karen Peterson | March 12, 2024

Brain and brain waves during deep sleep, as depicted by a computer illustration. Exploding head syndrome is characterized by a loud boom heard just as one drifts off to sleep (A Brain, Outlined in Yellow with a Kaleidoscope of Colors with Purple, Electric, Squiggly Lines). Illustration By Kateryne Kon, Science Photo Library, Getty Images

A musician and guitar luthier who's no stranger to loud noises, Dave Lovos admits to being a bit undone by the boom he heard in his head one night earlier this year. It hit just as Lovos was drifting off to sleep, the force of it snapping him to attention.

"It was a very sharp sound inside my head at the top of my skull," says Lovos, and along with the deafening internal explosion he saw the flash of a car crash. "The two seemed to happen at once."

What Lovos experienced is known by the unscientific but evocative moniker "exploding head syndrome" (EHS), a mysterious example of a parasomnia, or sleep disorder. Parasomnias include sleepwalking, sleep talking, sleep paralysis, and pesky muscle spasms known as "myoclonic jerks." In most cases, these parasomnias are normal and harmless, except when physical danger or pain is involved.

"My office would be a lot messier if heads were actually exploding," says Brian Sharpless, a licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in sleep. Sharpless is among the handful of psychologists and others researching EHS. He says the condition is harmless.

"As long as you're not having pain during [an episode], it's not anything really to worry about," he says.

What Causes the Condition

Very few people who experience EHS seek medical advice, or even bring it up to their doctors or loved ones, says Sharpless.

In one study, only 11 percent had reported EHS to a professional, and only eight percent of patients with recurring episodes sought prevention. Some are embarrassed about admitting to "hearing noises"; most go on with life when there's no sign of continued distress or pain.

Jennifer McDonald Slowik, sleep medicine physician with Frederick Health Medical Group in Frederick, Maryland, and board member of the Maryland Sleep Society, also says it is uncommon for someone to seek EHS treatment.

EHS usually comes up as part of a sleep clinic's extended evaluation, she says. "We usually ask questions about narcolepsy," symptoms of which can include hallucinogenic sounds.

"If there is any concern about something more serious, we do an [additional test] as part of a sleep study to make sure nothing else is there," she adds.

Like Slowik, Sharpless warns that diligence is always the best policy when it comes to the head. In the worst-case scenario, EHS with pain could be a sign of the more dangerous and deadly subarachnoid brain hemorrhage.

Usually lasting less than a second, the first misconception about EHS is its timing: Rather than waking a person up, EHS is experienced in the ephemeral moment of the "sleep-wake" transition before slumber, known as the "hypnagogic state."

According to Sharpless, studies, including those with EEG brain monitoring, have yet to identify EHS activity during sleep. Rather, it is thought to be a type of neuronal misfiring as the brain begins to shut down areas associated with awake-time auditory, visual, and motor activity.

"You could even say they were just in a state of being really, super relaxed," he adds. "That's when it seems people have these events."

By loose definition, EHS is an "auditory hallucination," and in clinical terms expresses itself as a "paroxysmal sensory parasomnia," or sleep disorder presenting as a "sudden outburst" of sound. EHS is not tinnitus, a common misconception.

Crashes, Gunshots, and Slamming Doors

Lovos heard something akin to a car crash, which is among the many descriptions given by EHS study participants. The range of examples is broad, but the end results are the same: disturbing noises.

Among the many common descriptions, as told to researchers including Sharpless, people hear an explosion or bomb; a door slamming; something hitting the wall; a gunshot or fireworks; metal pans banging together; a scream; waves crashing; lightning; "an enormous roar"; cars driving by.

"You're not hearing symphonies, you're not hearing articulate speech, you're hearing big, massively loud noises," said Sharpless. He says the best description he’s heard is a patient who described it as "Wily Coyote trying to drop a piano on the Road Runner."

EHS was first named and discovered in 1876 by Philadelphia neurologist Silas Weir Mitchell, who wrote of patients who had heard "gunshots" and "pistols." He called the phenomenon "sensory shock." In the 1980s, neurologist J.M.S. Pearce changed it to EHS. Sharpless and colleague Peter Goadsby, a neuroscientist at King’s College London, are pushing for a name change to "episodic cranial sensory shock."

Pearce, who gave EHS its name in 1989, reported "little evidence of relevant past illness and no other CNS [central nervous system] disease in evidence, adding, "It is entirely benign, and I suspect quite common, but underreported."

"What causes the bomb-like noise remains a mystery," wrote Peace, an observation that Sharpless and other researchers also conclude three decades later.

Classified as a sleep disorder in 2005 by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, the small number of studies to date have dismissed earlier clinical claims that women over 50 were more prone to EHS. Data today show that the incidents are almost equally divided among men and women. In a study out of Washington State University, authored by Sharpless, upwards of 13 percent of college students reported at least one episode.

While EHS has been "named" since the mid-1800s, records of earlier occurrences are missing, with one exception. One 2018 paper suggested that 17th century philosopher Rene Descartes had a head explosion between two dreams that he said helped answer the question, "What path in life should I pursue?”

"Despite being harmless, those affected are understandably concerned that it may be a sign of a serious brain condition," the paper noted, "and they usually feel too embarrassed to talk about their experience in case they are judged or disbelieved."

[briamichellewrites]

43

2007. Bria and Mike were interviewed for the show, ABC News. They did a documentary about her life after the accident. It aired six months later after being edited. They and everyone who knew them watched it. They showed not only their interviews but also her with her friends, being fed with a feeding tube, her zooming around the main floor of her house, her with her cats, and her medical equipment. They all thought the show did a great job of being compassionate about her story.

“I forgave Paris because I did not want what happened to affect me for the rest of my life. But, that is all I can give her. The sentence was not one I would have chosen. I just hope she doesn’t do it again because I don’t want her to hurt or kill anyone else.”

“If she was here, what would you say to her?”

“I don’t know what I would say. Though I’m sure it wouldn’t be kind.”

Paris, Kathy, Richard, and Nicky were among those watching the show. They were horrified to see what she had gone through. She had a bruised heart, a subarachnoid brain hemorrhage, and a broken leg. Along with cuts and bruises. Because of her injuries, she had to undergo brain surgery and open heart surgery. She also had Lou Gehrig’s disease-like symptoms and epilepsy.

She lost the ability to move her limbs and she had to be fed using a feeding tube. Instead of speaking, she had to use a machine. But, they saw her joking with her friends and making them laugh. She talked about wanting to use humor because it was better than being miserable. Mike talked about her month-long stay in the hospital. She exceeded all of their expectations by keeping a positive attitude. Did she ever get angry or frustrated? Oh, yeah.

She cried because she couldn’t do things she used to. Before the accident, she was extremely independent and active. It was hard for her to lose that. She also got frustrated with herself when she had a seizure. They chose not to talk about it. Instead, they moved on and continued with their day. ABC News featured clips to show the difference between how she used to be to how she is now.

“I want people to see me as I am. I don’t want pity because it doesn’t get me anywhere. I would rather be treated like everyone else. My disability doesn’t change who I am. I am not better or worse than anyone else.”

Her interview was very well received by the media. It had been a very difficult year and there were still uncertainties about her health. Even still, she and Mike were taking it one day at a time. Some days were better than others. But, she kept going. She was a role model to the band because if she could do it, then they could do anything.

With advances in technology, she got a new touchscreen monitor. It had an embedded camera that tracked her eye movements. She could spell out words or phrases by blinking whenever she got to the letter she wanted to use. When she was done, she moved her eyes over to the ’send’ button on the screen. The program then read what she wrote out loud. Despite months of physical therapy, her muscles were getting weaker. That included her hands.

She could still move her head and eyes, but the rest of her body was paralyzed. One of the places where she was the happiest was in water. She and her physical therapist did water therapy together. Sometimes Mike joined them in the pool. Her eyes and face lit up in happiness.

She wore a life jacket to prevent her from drowning. The water relaxed her muscles and improved circulation in her body. She also loved bathing for the same reason. The warm water felt wonderful. For modesty, she asked that only her nurses, Mike and Donna bathed her. They didn’t have any problems with that and they respected her request.

It was her body and she had the right to say who could see it. She and Mike were planning on a simple courthouse wedding with his parents and brother. They had an attorney evaluate her and sign off on her mental condition. Yes, she was mentally capable of getting married. They wanted to do it before her condition got worse. While he was on tour, she would be cared for by her nurses. On the weekends, Muto and/or Donna would stay with her to give her nurses time off.

He was anxious about leaving her behind, but she couldn’t come with them. It wouldn’t be safe, especially since she had epilepsy. She would feel horrible if she affected their tour. She assured him saying she would be okay. He kissed her forehead.

“I know. I just have to tell myself that. I love you.”

“I love you too.”

She still got the Zoomies after dinner. As much as he was used to it, it still amused him. Tiny and Garfield were getting older. That was difficult for her because they were like her children. Someday, they would die. She would mourn them like a mother mourning her children. He felt attached to the cats. They provided great comfort to them, especially during the more difficult times.

Rascal was calmer and not as mischievous, though he still found ways to get into trouble. Meow! Human, help! He was great entertainment because they never knew what he would do next. Mike had to laugh at the trouble he found himself in. That included getting his nails stuck in the couch cushion while trying to climb up. He was hanging off the edge, so he unhooked him and put him down on the floor. Thank you, human!

Kevin, Kristin, Howie, and A.J. volunteered their time to help out or just spend time with her. Brad did, as well. It gave Mike a chance to run errands, attend therapy sessions, or hang out with friends. Respite. That was what her doctor called it. They had no problems doing it because they loved spending time with her. Sometimes they took her outside for some fresh air.

She liked going around the block. There was so much to see and things to smell. Staying inside all the time wasn’t healthy. Her seizures were consistent. They discovered they were triggered by her being tired. She took a nap in the afternoon after lunch to try to prevent her seizures as much as possible. Her doctor gave her a ketogenic diet to try. Mike found recipes online that would work well with her feeding tube. She still joked about eating baby food.

She had to make fun of something to keep her sanity. He was an expert on getting everything prepared for her and he didn’t have to worry about making a mistake. Sometimes she ate all of it and sometimes she wasn’t that hungry. He stopped when she became full. How could he tell? She told him to stop. Okay. He put the leftovers in the refrigerator until later.

“What do you think, Bria”, Joe asked her.

“Needs more cowbells.”

The band laughed. She and Donna had come to watch them rehearse for their upcoming tour. Brad gave her an extra pair of headphones he used to protect her hearing. It was like a free concert. They were having a blast watching them! Donna was especially proud of her son.

He and Brad went through everything while keeping everything organized. They practiced like they were performing live. During their breaks, they talked and joked around with her. As much as it saddened them to see her condition, they were more than happy to have her there. She lost everything, except her sense of humor and sharp mind. Chester bent over and hugged her. I love you. She loved him, too.

@zoeykaytesmom @feelingsofaithless @alina-dixon @fiickle-nia