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felipeandletizia · 5 years ago

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April 21, 2020: King Felipe and Queen Letizia held a videoconference with researchers from the CSIC. They value the CSIC's international reference in the COVID-19 investigation and the platform created to analyze all aspects of the pandemic.

The researchers of the Higher Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) Margarita del Val Latorre, immunologist, CBM-CSIC and Luis Enjuanes, virologist, CNB-CSIC, held a videoconference meeting with Their Majesties the Kings to specifically explain the task and the CSIC's commitment to the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, containment, impact and investigation of COVID-19. The Minister of Science and Innovation, Pedro Duque, together with the President of the CSIC, Rosa Menéndez and Jesús Marco, Vice President of Research of the CSIC, participated in the meeting. His Majesty the King spoke by telephone with the president of the CSIC on March 31.

Professor Enjuanes' group at the CSIC's National Center for Biotechnology (CNB) is an international reference in this area and is completing the assembly of an attenuated version of the virus that will serve as the basis for said vaccine.

The CSIC's Global Health / Global Health Platform, coordinated by the researcher Margarita del Val, and promoted by the Vice-Presidency for Research on the occasion of the COVID-19 pandemic, aims to coordinate the investigation of more than 150 multidisciplinary groups of the CSIC, in biology, chemistry, physics, computing, materials science and also in demography, economics and philosophy.

The platform covers all aspects of the pandemic: origin, expansion, prevention, infection, treatment, containment and impact, and the groups have presented more than 80 initiatives. 25 projects have been launched, thanks to the support of donations such as those made by MAPFRE and AENA.

The Higher Council for Scientific Research, CSIC is globally addressing research that requires a pandemic such as the one caused by the disease COVID-19, generated by the coronavirus SARS-cov-2 with the direct support of the Government through the Ministry of Science and Innovation.

Professor Luis Enjuanes has explained to Don Felipe and Doña Letizia that the CNB-CSIC Coronavirus laboratory has been working in the Coronavirus (CoV) field for more than 35 years, with the main interest in studying the virus's replication mechanisms, virulence and virus-host interaction to develop protection strategies, such as vaccines and antivirals.

The research group obtained the first infective cDNA for coronaviruses, which are viruses that have one of the largest known RNA genomes. This reverse genetic system (genetic engineering) has been essential to identify the virus genes responsible for its pathogenicity. Once these genes are identified, they are removed, giving rise to attenuated viruses that are vaccine candidates.

On the other hand, the development of humanized animal models that reproduce the viral disease observed in humans is very important. These animal models are essential for pathogenesis studies and for preclinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of vaccine candidates and are also being developed at the CNB-CSIC.

The CNB group has studied the virulence and virus-host interaction mechanisms in human fatal respiratory viruses SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. They first showed that the SARS-CoV envelope protein (E) was a virulence factor. They also identified a motif of a virus protein (PBM) that binds to a cellular protein (synthetin) and leads to lung inflammation, edema, and death of mice. Interestingly, inhibitors of this interaction dramatically increased the survival of mice after SARS-CoV infection and thus constitute an antiviral. The identification of the cellular pathways involved in viral pathogenesis provides information for the rational identification of potential antivirals.

He also explained that the research group has developed candidate vaccines based on recombinant attenuated live SARS-CoV that lacks the E protein. These candidates provided full protection in several animal models against infection with virulent SARS-CoV.

More recently, this laboratory has been developing replicons of MERS-CoV RNA (MERS-RR) as vaccine candidates, based on RNAs that cannot spread from one cell to another, making them highly biosecure since they are based on in single-cycle viruses, which cannot spread from cell to cell, making them candidates for vaccines applicable to people.

The experience and knowledge of the CoV team is currently being applied to the study of the new coronavirus that recently emerged in Wuhan, to rapidly develop vaccine candidates and identify potential targets for new antivirals.

He has indicated to the project coordinated by the researcher Margarita del Val that it is an Interdisciplinary Thematic Platform (ITP) called Global Health / Global Health, in which more than 150 research groups from different specialties, from biotechnology and nanotechnology to demography and artificial intelligence, to seek short, medium and especially long-term solutions to address the challenges posed by problems such as the current SARS-CoV2 coronavirus epidemic.

One of the keys to this PTI Global Health is to have a global vision that enables all aspects of the pandemic to be linked: origin, prevention, disease, containment measures, treatment, social impact, and finally the need for communication to society. , particularly in education; It also includes four transversal working groups: innovation, sources of information, data and applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and coordination with the Autonomous Communities.

The platform, promoted by the CSIC's Vice President for Scientific and Technical Research, is coordinated by the researcher at the Severo Ochoa Center for Molecular Biology (CBMSO) Margarita del Val, supported by a committee of experts in the different areas involved.

A platform involving groups that have national and European projects underway for the development of a vaccine (projects by researchers Luis Enjuanes and Isabel Sola, and Mariano Esteban at the National Center for Biotechnology CNB) or new diagnostic techniques (project of Professor Laura Lechuga, CSIC, at the Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ICN2).

From the platform, more than 80 proposals from research groups from all over Spain have also been channeled to the call of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), many of them forming a team with Universities, Hospitals and other institutions, as befits an open platform and collaborative.

The platform has already started 25 of these projects, thanks especially to the support of companies and individuals, among which donations from the Fundación MAPFRE and AENA stand out.

These are projects that will allow a much better understanding of virus transmission, its dynamics, and its clinical and epidemiological characteristics. They will also develop new diagnostic technologies, test new antiviral combinations, and contribute to the development of an effective new antigen-based vaccine.

One of the most important challenges proposed is to characterize the immunological response to the virus in the Spanish population, key to a new possible wave of infection. Equally relevant is the study of the effects of mobility restriction measures and social distancing on the epidemic, to design future containment strategies. And the analysis of the coordination mechanisms between health policy and other sectors of public policy to speed up the response to crises.

Precisely the great value of this Global Health Platform is to unite the knowledge of all these first-line research groups in different areas, which will allow the preparation of a working document in the short term with the key questions in the short, medium and long term. , to respond from science, and from our country, to this pandemic, which allows us to find as soon as possible the solutions that society urgently demands of us.

#King Felipe #Queen Letizia #King Felipe of Spain #Queen Letizia of Spain #King Felipe VI #King Felipe VI of Spain #Official Event #COVID-19 #April 2020

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tlatollotl · 7 years ago

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Image of the map of Tlacotalpa made by Francisco Gali in the 16th century.

In the last third of the 16th century, the Spanish crown set in motion a project to obtain a complete map of the New World. The method thought up for this was to use surveys, known as Relaciones Geográficas. A questionnaire with more than 50 questions was sent to each settlement. These also had to be completed with a map of the local region. These maps, known as pinturas (paintings), mainly lacked ground measurements and therefore scale, as well as geographical coordinates. Only a few were done following the norms of European mapmaking. Among these, some of the most important are the maps created by the Sevillian Francisco Gali, navigator, explorer, cosmographer and cartographer.

In this context, Manuel Morato, researcher from the Higher Technical School of Engineering (ETSI) of the University of Seville, has published a scientific article on the map of Tlacotalpa, one of the first examples of local nautical cartography in Hispanic America, which Francisco Gali did on behalf of some mayors who had to complete the Relaciones questionnaire, as ordered by Philip II. Tlacotalpa, today Tlacotalpán, is a small river village in the southeast of the state of Veracruz, within the limits of the Papaloapan region, in Mexico.

"These local civil servants, instead of getting a local artist to draw the maps, made the most of the fact that Gali, a sailor with knowledge of cartography, was travelling through the area towards the Pacific coast in an attempt, on the orders of the King, to find a route to the Philippines from the west coast of Mexico," explains Morato.

It is a hand-drawn nautical chart from February 1580, done with great exactness for the standards of the time. It shows in great detail the coast, the estuaries, bays, capes, lagoons and rivers, and in some areas indicates the depth of the water. Both the chart and the text of the Relación are kept in the Royal Academy of History in Madrid. According to the text of the Relación, in the local tongue náhuatl-Tlacotalpa means divided land, which refers to the fact that the village was founded in the Pre-Hispanic era on an island in the river Papaloapan, as is represented on the map.

"The Gali map has been compared with current satellite photographs and the images are practically the same, apart from the distances of the time and the growth of the populated areas, like the city port of Veracruz and its surroundings," adds the researcher. So, the planimetric deformation of the map, compared with a current one, could be due to the fact that, the article postulates, that Gali did not take sufficient measurements or that he did so but too quickly, as he was only passing through the area. North American experts like Barbara Mundy suggest that these deformations could be due to Gali having used an existing padrón (a master map that was updated as new lands were discovered), which already included these deformations, leaving the author of the map only having to complete the information by adding places and detailing geographical features. Manuel Morato maintains that this hypothesis is quite unlikely due to the secret nature of the Padrón Real, which was jealously guarded in the Casa de la Contratación in Seville and of which obsolete copies were destroyed so that they did not fall into the hands of foreign powers. Other causes could have been motivated by the lack of in situ measurements and by the impossibility to determine geographical length in the 16th century.

Francisco Gali is known worldwide for his Trans-Pacific voyages, but little or nothing is known about him before his appearance in America. He discovered the Acapulco route to Manila in 1583 and, according to the data kept in the Archivo General de Indias in Seville. He explored the islands of the archipelago of Hawaii, the coast of California and San Francisco Bay, which he was the first explorer to see, though he did not cross it, for which reason its discovery has historically been attributed to Gaspar de Pórtola in 1769 and to Juan de Ayala, who was the first to cross the bay in his schooner on the 5th of August 1775.

In 1585, this Sevillian navigator wrote the book, 'Voyage, discoveries and observations from Acapulco to the Philippines, from the Philippines to Macao and from Macao to Acapulco'. The manuscript was sent to the Viceroy of Mexico, but for unknown reasons, ended up in the hands of the Dutchman Jan Huygen van Linschoten (1563-1611), who published it in Dutch as 'Defeat of the Indies' (Amsterdam, 1596, 1614, 1626). It was also translated into English (London, 1598), to German in the same year, into Latin (The Hague, 1599) and into French (Amsterdam, 1610, 1619 y 1638). It was, however, never published in Spanish. In addition, the whereabouts of Gali's original remain unknown, another of the mysteries that surround the life of this man.

Gali worked as a cartographer on three Relaciones Geográficas: Tlacotalpa (February 1580), Coatzacoalcos (April 1580) and Tehuantepec (September-October 1580). The first two maps are signed by their author, while the Tehuantepec map is anonymous, "although it has an unmistakable similarity to the other two maps by Gali. However, this map is not given much credit as it is incomplete, it is clear that it wasn't made using the same measuring techniques as Gali used on his other two Gulf maps," explains Manuel Morato.

Morato, together with experts from the School of Hispanic American Studies (EEHA) at CSIC (Council of Scientific Research), has been working on the study of the representation of the territory from a historical perspective since 2010, using 16th-century maps, especially those related to the discovery and colonisation of the Americas. To help with this project, he has had the help of Carmen Maso, head of cartography and graphic arts at the Library of the Royal Academy of History in Madrid, and of Michael Hironymous, head of rare books and manuscripts at the library of the University of Texas in Austin.

"Much of our work has also been carried out in the Archivo de Indias in Seville, which is an endless source of freely accessible knowledge, which is there for all but sometimes seems undervalued," says the University of Seville researcher.

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fredypaulov · 4 years ago

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Here's what Fauci thinks about the latest Covid-19 vaccine trial

Different treatments and vaccines that are being investigated against COVID -19

The Spanish Ministry of Health has announced the approval of two clinical trials with a new treatment called remdesivir, a broad-spectrum antiviral that is already being tested in other countries, designed for people affected by severe and moderate respiratory infections. "It is important both to treat the most serious patients and to prevent the least serious from becoming serious," says the Minister of Health, Salvador Illa

SOLIDARITY: the largest clinical trial against coronavirus

The World Health Organization has started a mega-study, dubbed SOLIDARITY, which already involves ten countries and that will include thousands of patients to try four treatments: remdesivir (developed against Ebola and effective against other coronaviruses), chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (drugs against malaria and some cases of rheumatoid osteoarthritis), Ritonavir / Lopinavir (used against HIV) and Ritonavir / Lopinavir plus interferon beta (a combination that is believed to be beneficial in some of the stages of the disease). of the drugs and the trial of the study have taken into account how advanced the research is and how accessible these drugs are, which are already produced globally.

More than 20 possible vaccines are being developed worldwide

More than 20 vaccines are being developed worldwide and several therapies are in clinical trials. We expect the first results in a few weeks. There are a large number of ongoing trials of therapeutic options.

The first human trial of a potential vaccine in the United States began on March 16.

With an injection in the arm of a volunteer, phase I began on March 16 with 45 healthy participants in the trial of the first vaccine at the Kaiser Permanente Health Research Institute of Washington (Seattle) in the United States. of volunteers started on March 8th. The potential vaccine has been called mRNA-1273. This vaccine does not contain any part of the coronavirus and does not cause infection but includes a short fragment of messenger RNA (a standard for protein production) produced in the laboratory. The vaccine is in phase I, in which between 20 and 100 healthy people are tested to verify that it is safe. After passing this phase, it touches phase II of development, in which its efficacy and side effects are measured in tens or hundreds of volunteers with the disease. A phase III will follow with more volunteers with COVID-19. The first trial of the vaccine has begun, just 60 days after the virus' genetic sequence was shared.

Several pharmaceutical companies have announced the development of potential vaccines

A German pharmaceutical company announced that it was developing a coronavirus messenger RNA vaccine. Two pharmacists agreed to jointly develop a potential vaccine, also for messenger RNA.

Antiviral Drug Research

Beyond vaccines, potential anti-coronavirus drugs are also being investigated. We know of a study on the joint use of hydroxychloroquine (a malaria treatment that is also used to reduce inflammation in cases of lupus and rheumatoid arthritis) and azithromycin (a broad-spectrum antibiotic) against coronavirus. A clinical trial of favipiravir, an antiviral drug that has shown efficacy against COVID-19, has been completed. More than 80 patients participated in the trial, of which 35 took the drug. The results showed that those who received favipiravir treatment tested negative for the coronavirus in less time than those who did not take the drug, according to the Chinese government. Those who took the drug recovered in 4 days instead of 11. Favipiravir has shown no obvious adverse reactions in the clinical trial. For their part, researchers from the Spanish Higher Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) have announced that the drug plitidepsin used to treat a type of myeloma has been shown in cells to prevent the multiplication of the human coronavirus HCoV-229E. This virus is different from the one that causes COVID-19 and these researchers are going to study if the plitidepsin is effective against this new disease. Another drug whose effects inside cells against the COVID-19 virus is being tested is darunavir, an antiretroviral used against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

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cryptodictation · 5 years ago

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These are the latest measures approved by the Government to sustain the economy | Economy

A woman walks down an empty street in Seville on Monday.Eduardo Briones / Europa Press

The Government has given the green light to a new package of measures to help freelancers, vulnerable tenants and domestic workers. “It complements all those that have been approved in the previous weeks,” said the Minister of Finance and government spokesperson, María Jesús Montero, at a press conference after the Council of Ministers on Tuesday. “Our commitment is that no one is left behind”, he added.

Already in mid-March, the Executive of Pedro Sánchez had announced a shock plan to face the unprecedented health and economic challenge posed by the coronavirus pandemic. This package represents an injection of liquidity of 200,000 million euros, about 20% of GDP, to sustain the economy and allow the recovery to be “V and not L” once the emergency is over. That is to say, so that the system grows again quickly from the point where it had been before being paralyzed by the virus.

But the scenario is constantly evolving and the deepening of the crisis, which has led the Government to further paralyze economic activity to contain the contagion curve, has forced it to take additional measures.

New measures approved this Tuesday

Rentals: evictions without housing alternatives for vulnerable people are suspended for six months, a 6-month extension of the contracts that are about to expire is approved; microcredits will be granted that the state will give to 0% and without commission, to be repaid in six years, expandable to 10. The vice president of Social Rights, Pablo Iglesias, has assured that the conditions of “vulnerability” are wide, since for example they can accept to these aid citizens affected by ERTE, reductions in working hours, fall in income … In addition, the Government will ensure that the small owners receive the income in full, while the large owners and the vulture fund must assume part of the impact by making removals or restructuring the rental.

Ban on supply cuts for the first home: it is expanded and it is expected that the social bonus will be granted to those who have become vulnerable due to dismissal or reduction of activity.

Subsidy for domestic workers and temporary workers: A temporary unemployment benefit is created that employees can apply for if they become unemployed or if their working hours are reduced. It supports the maintenance of part of the work activity. For temporary workers who do not have the necessary contribution to access another benefit or subsidy, an exceptional unemployment subsidy is established.

Extension of the mortgage moratorium also for local and self-employed offices.

Ban on online game advertising for as long as the state lasts.

Moratorium on the payment of consumer credits for people in economic vulnerability; possibility of receiving a voucher for trips that have been canceled.

Care services for victims of sexual exploitation and trafficking for sexual exploitation are guaranteed as essential services.

Previously approved aid

600 million euros to reinforce social services, with transfers to autonomous communities and municipalities, protection of basic supplies (electricity, water and gas) and telecommunications services.

Moratorium on the payment of mortgages for the first home for people who have reduced their income or are unemployed due to the coronavirus.

Relaxation of the spending rule to allow municipalities to spend their savings on social services, dependency, and other social activities related to the coronavirus.

Relaxation of ERTE: those affected will benefit from unemployment benefit, even if they are not entitled to it due to not having contributed enough. If the ERTE is requested due to force majeure, companies with less than 50 employees will have a 100% discount on contributions, and 75% if the workforce is higher. Benefits collected during the state of alarm will not count for the subsequent unemployment.

Possibility for SMEs and the self-employed to postpone debts with the Treasury up to 30,000 euros for six months, with a three-month grace period.

Ban on layoffs linked to the coronavirus crisis.

All workers will have the right to reorganize or reduce their working hours, even up to 100%, to care for relatives, the elderly or children, in the face of the closure of schools and social services.

Extraordinary benefit for cessation of activity for the self-employed who have had to close their business due to the state of alarm, or whose turnover has fallen by 75% in relation to the previous semester. The benefit is compatible with the exemption from the payment of quotas and with the ERTE for those self-employed workers who have employees.

Line of guarantees of public guarantees at 80% to facilitate liquidity for companies amounting to 100,000 million euros; line endowed with 2,000 million for exporting companies; support for the digitization of SMEs and R&D plans to promote teleworking.

Ban on takeover bids (takeover bids) from outside the EU to Spanish listed companies considered strategic.

Measures to support scientific research in the search for a vaccine

Research: 30 million euros for the CSIC and the Carlos III Health Institute.

Information about the coronavirus

– Here you can follow the last hour on the evolution of the pandemic

– The coronavirus map: this is how cases grow day by day and country by country

– Questions and answers about coronavirus

– Guide to action against the disease

– In case of symptoms, these are the phones that have been enabled in each community

The post These are the latest measures approved by the Government to sustain the economy | Economy appeared first on Cryptodictation.

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#Economy

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vntodaynews · 6 years ago

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The Vietnam National University, Hanoi, (VNU) has remained as the top higher education institution in Vietnam with a world rating of 1090 in the “Webometrics Ranking of World Universities”, announced by the Cybermetrics Lab, a research group of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), on February 1.

The Vietnam National University, Hanoi remains the top university in Vietnam, according to the “Webometrics Ranking of World Universities” announced by the Cybermetrics Lab.

Accordingly, the VNU leapt up 216 places when compared to its 1306th ranking in the previous Webometrics announcement in August 2018.

As a result of the global promotion, the ratings of the VNU in the region have also improved significantly, climbing six spots to 19th in the Southeast Asian region and increasing by 90 notches to 261st in Asia. Among the four ranking criteria, the “Visibility” indicator of the VNU’s website and digital resource system has improved considerably, from 2124th in July 2018 to 1164th at the latest announcement. In addition, the indicators of “Openness” (number of citations from top authors) and “Excellence” (number of papers amongst the top 10% most cited in 26 disciplines) have also been strengthened. This shows strong improvements in the quality of the VNU’s international scientific publications as well as the influential scope of the university’s online resource system in 2018. Three other Vietnamese universities, the Hanoi University of Science and Technology, the Can Tho University and the Ton Duc Thang University, have also made the latest Webometrics list with respective ratings of 1355th, 2241st and 2680th. Earlier in 2018, the VNU set a foothold in the group of 801-1000 in the World University Rankings by the United Kingdom’s Quacquarelli Symonds, contributing to making Vietnam one of the 85 countries which have their universities ranked.

dtinews education

#EDUCATION

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usviraltrends-blog · 7 years ago

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New Post has been published on https://usviraltrends.com/spanish-research-gets-a-nice-budget-boost-but-scientists-say-it-will-be-of-little-help-science/

Spanish research gets a nice budget boost—but scientists say it will be of little help | Science

Scientists test a satellite named Deimos-2 at the National Aerospace Technology Institute in Madrid in 2013. The institute gets a 34% increase in the government’s 2018 budget.

Javier Lizon/EFE/Newscom

By Elisabeth PainApr. 10, 2018 , 3:50 PM

BARCELONA, SPAIN—The Spanish government has announced plans to raise the country’s overall public R&D budget by 8.3% in 2018, from €6.5 billion to €7 billion—the biggest hike since the economic crisis hit Spain in 2008. But science advocates aren’t exactly overjoyed. The raise sounds far better than it is because more than half of the government’s budget is reserved for R&D loans to companies, and more and more of the money for public research centers and scientists can’t be used because of byzantine accounting rules.

The proposed budget, presented in a bill on 3 April, represents “a small increase [for researchers], and this is good,” says Luis Serrano, director of the Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG) here. But “the big problem … is a whole series of things that hamper our ability to do our work with what we have.” Part of the Spanish scientific community will present an online petition signed by more than 277,000 people about the problems in science to parliament tomorrow.

The Spanish community has learned there is usually a catch when it comes to the budget. A preliminary analysis published yesterday by the Confederation of Spanish Scientific Societies (COSCE) here shows that out of the overall €7 billion announced, only €2.8 billion—up from last year’s €2.6 billion—will feed the public research system with funding for research centers, competitive calls for research projects and scholarships, and support to infrastructure. The remaining 60% will essentially be loans for industrial R&D, even though few companies ever apply for them. (Many scientists have decried the loans as a political maneuver aimed at inflating the budget.) In 2017, more than €3.2 billion in promised science funding, most of it loans, was left unspent, COSCE says.

Military research got a much higher boost than civilian research. Among the national research organizations, the biggest winner is the National Aerospace Technology Institute in Madrid, overseen by the defense ministry, which gets a 34% increase. Others do less well: The Research Centre for Energy, Environment, and Technology and the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) get only 3.6% and 1.0% more, respectively, whereas institutes for research in agriculture and mining see their budget slightly decrease. The budgets “are perpetuating a policy of asphyxia of the public research sector,” says Alicia Durán, a physics professor at the CSIC Institute of Ceramics and Glass in Madrid who is also a trade union representative.

And that’s not the only problem. Laws and regulations introduced in recent years to curb deficits and corruption in the public sector, in part under EU pressure, have led to Kafkaesque administrative and financial constraints for universities and research centers. For example, all public bodies that want to buy more than €15,000 in products or services must now issue tenders; for CRG that translates into more than 200 public calls a year, which is “administratively impossible,” Serrano says. National research organizations must also get approval from state auditors before spending money, even if it comes from outside Spain, which has severely delayed research projects and recruitment. “We have reached a situation of practical paralysis of centers and installations that, even when they have the resources, are not able to spend them,” Durán says.

Last month, COSCE and several other organizations went to parliament to present a series of demands; tomorrow, the newly founded Spanish Association for the Advancement of Science, the Federation of Young Investigators, and several grassroots associations will present lawmakers with a petition launched by Durán and others in February that decries the “abandoning of science.” They will ask for research funding to go back to precrisis levels by 2020 and a relaxation of the accounting rules.

Whether the budget bill, set for a vote in late May, will win a parliamentary majority is unclear. The ruling Popular Party doesn’t have enough seats and will need to find additional votes. That also offers chances, because other parties are more aware of the importance of science, says COSCE President Nazario Martín. In 2013, protesting scientists had to tape their letter to the gates of the ministry overseeing science; that they’re now able to hand it over signifies “a much more responsible attitude from the political class,” Martín says. The time to for Spain to become a knowledge-based economy is “now or never,” Martín says.

#Science

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arthisour-blog · 8 years ago

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The Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales is the National Museum of Natural History of Spain. It is situated in the center of Madrid, by the Paseo de la Castellana. It is managed by the Spanish National Research Council.

The Museum was created in 1772 by Charles III of Spain as the Gabinete Real de Historia Natural, changing names several times until its current denomination. The museum originally hosted a collection donated by a Spanish merchant, Pedro F. Dávila. In 1867, some facilities were separated to give birth to other museums (Archeology, Botanic Garden, Zoologic Garden). In 1987 the museum was restructured and grown with funds from two smaller museums.

Some of the more relevant components of the Museum collections are:

A Megatherium brought from Argentina in 1789. A Diplodocus donated by Andrew Carnegie to Alfonso XIII of Spain The museum shares a big building, the Palacio de Exposiciones de las Artes e Industrias, with the Industrial Engineering School of the Technical University of Madrid.

Madrid’s National Museum of Natural Sciences is one of the oldest in Europe and the most important in Spain. It was created by the King Carlos III in 1771, as the Royal Cabinet of Natural History. Currently it keeps almost eight million specimens and historical collections of great value. Affiliated to the Higher Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), it promotes cutting-edge researches in different fields, ranging from Paleobiology and geology to evolutionary biology, ecology and climate change. Exhibitions and activities aim to spread the knowledge generated in the museum, as well as to illustrate the phenomena and processes that explain the history of the Earth and the diversity of life.

Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN – CSIC Madrid, Spain was originally published on HiSoUR Art Collection

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saxafimedianetwork · 5 years ago

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Ancient Secrets Of Somaliland’s Nomadic Civilization Unearthed

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#Ancient #Archaeological #Archaeology #Civilization #Fardowsa #Nomadic #Somaliland #Spanish Higher Council for Scientific Research (CSIC)

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fredypaulov · 4 years ago

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Communist Power Struggle to Take Down Xi Jinping

Different treatments and vaccines that are being investigated against COVID -19

SOLIDARITY: the largest clinical trial against coronavirus

More than 20 possible vaccines are being developed worldwide

The first human trial of a potential vaccine in the United States began on March 16.

Several pharmaceutical companies have announced the development of potential vaccines

A German pharmaceutical company announced that it was developing a coronavirus messenger RNA vaccine. Two pharmacists agreed to jointly develop a potential vaccine, also for messenger RNA.

Antiviral Drug Research

Different treatments and vaccines that are being investigated against COVID -19

The antiparasitic drug ivermectin has been tested in cell cultures in the laboratory, that is, in vitro, and ivermectin has been shown to stop the replication of SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus causing COVID-19, and is capable of killing the virus. in a 48 hour period. But the conditions of these cultures can be very different from those that occur in the tissues of the organism of a living being, and specifically those of human beings. More drugs and therapies that are being tested to treat the coronavirus published on the website of the Danish Medicines Agencies

Drugs used experimentally against COVID-19

"There is no specific treatment, but some antivirals are being used that have shown some efficacy in recent studies," clarifies the Ministry of Health. For its part, the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Products (AEMPS) has published a list of potential therapeutic strategies that include the antiviral remdesivir, in combination with the drugs lopinavir and ritonavir, antiretrovirals used against HIV that together with beta interferon, a Protein that helps cells not to be infected, was used by doctors from the Virgen del Rocío Hospital in Seville to treat the first known local contagion in Spain of COVID-19. The AEMPS also considers chloroquine or its equivalent, hydroxychloroquine, substances that produce immunosuppression of the immune system such as tocilizumab and sarilumab and the interferons Beta-1B and Alpha-2B. The antiviral remdesivir, which as we have already said, will begin to be tested in Clinical trials in Spain are also recommended to manage treatment against COVID-19. However, the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy warns that some of the drugs proposed by the AEMPS, such as hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine (antimalarials), darunavir / cobicistat (antiretroviral) and tocilizumab (immunosuppressant), "are being used with a very limited evidence and technical sheet.

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