#Solar module mounting structure

[solargreen01]

Solar Mounting Structures: A Foundation for Sustainable Energy

Solar mounting structures are the backbone of solar energy systems, providing a secure and stable foundation for solar panels. As the demand for renewable energy continues to rise, the importance of reliable and efficient solar mounting solutions cannot be overstated. This blog post will delve into the key factors to consider when selecting a solar mounting structure manufacturer and explore the benefits of investing in sustainable energy infrastructure.

Understanding Solar Mounting Structures

Solar mounting structures are designed to hold solar panels at the optimal angle to maximize sunlight exposure and energy production. They come in various types, including:

Roof-mounted structures: Ideal for residential and commercial buildings, these structures are designed to fit specific roof types and orientations.

Ground-mounted structures: Suitable for large-scale solar projects, these structures can be installed in open fields or parking lots.

Carport-mounted structures: Combining solar energy with shade and shelter, these structures are often used in parking areas.

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Manufacturer

Experience and Expertise: Look for a manufacturer with a proven track record in designing and manufacturing solar mounting structures. Experience ensures quality, reliability, and adherence to industry standards.

Customization Options: A reputable manufacturer should be able to offer customized solutions to meet your specific project requirements, including panel size, roof type, and installation location.

Quality and Durability: Invest in high-quality materials and construction techniques to ensure the longevity and structural integrity of your solar mounting system.

Warranty and Support: A comprehensive warranty provides peace of mind and protects your investment. Additionally, reliable customer support is essential for addressing any issues or concerns.

Certifications and Compliance: Ensure that the manufacturer adheres to relevant industry standards and certifications, such as UL (Underwriters Laboratories) and IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission).

Benefits of Investing in Solar Mounting Structures

Increased Energy Production: Well-designed solar mounting structures optimize sunlight exposure, leading to higher energy output and lower electricity bills.

Enhanced System Efficiency: High-quality structures contribute to the overall efficiency and performance of your solar energy system.

Durability and Longevity: Durable materials and robust construction ensure that your solar mounting system can withstand harsh weather conditions and provide long-term support for your solar panels.

Environmental Impact: By investing in solar energy and the necessary infrastructure, you are contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable future.

Conclusion Choosing the right solar mounting structure manufacturer is crucial for the success of your solar energy project. By considering factors such as experience, customization options, quality, warranty, and certifications, you can make an informed decision and build a reliable foundation for your renewable energy system.

[lcpindia]

Best solar module mounting structure manufacturer in Gujarat

Enhance the performance of your solar power systems with our adaptable solar module mounting structures, ideal for both large-scale projects and rooftop setups. LCP India, a top manufacturer and supplier, offers durable SMM structures made from hot-dip galvanized iron and galvalume, ensuring long-lasting durability and superior corrosion resistance.

[jackdavid9517]

Solar Module Mounting Structures Manufacturers in Hyderabad | Aparna RollForm

Find reliable solar module mounting structures in Hyderabad with the trusted manufacturers. Get high-quality and durable solutions for efficient solar panel installations and maximize your solar energy production.

[jubailibrosolar]

Jubaili Bros at Solar Middle East: Pioneering Solar Solutions in the Heart of Innovation

The Middle East is not only a region known for its rich history but also a hub of innovation, growth, and opportunity. At Jubaili Bros, we are proud to be at the forefront of this transformative wave, and there's no better platform to showcase our commitment to sustainable energy solutions than the esteemed event, "Solar Middle East.

Jubaili Bros: Your Partner in Solar Excellence

As a pioneer in the power solutions industry, Jubaili Bros has been committed to delivering high-quality, efficient, and sustainable solar solutions to the Middle East and beyond. Our participation in Solar Middle East showcases our dedication to advancing solar energy adoption across the region:

Cutting-Edge Solutions: We offer a comprehensive range of solar energy solutions, from photovoltaic panels to advanced inverters and energy storage systems.

Quality Assurance: Our solar products are sourced from top manufacturers, ensuring that you receive high-quality, reliable equipment.

Customized Systems: Jubaili Bros specializes in designing and tailoring solar systems to meet specific energy needs, whether for residential, commercial, or industrial applications.

Expert Guidance: Our experienced team is on hand to guide you through the process of selecting, installing, and maintaining your solar systems.

Sustainability Commitment: Jubaili Bros is dedicated to promoting environmental sustainability through our solar solutions, aligning with global efforts to combat climate change.

🌍 Join Us at Solar Middle East

Solar Middle East is the perfect platform to engage with Jubaili Bros and explore the potential of solar energy in the Middle East. We welcome you to connect with us at this prestigious event and discover how we can empower you with sustainable, efficient, and reliable solar solutions.

Be a part of the solar energy transformation. Join Jubaili Bros at Solar Middle East and be inspired by the power of innovation and sustainability.

[lonestarflight]

“This artist's concept depicts the separation of the Skylab payload shroud. The payload shroud was both an environmental shield and an aerodynamic fairing. Attached to the forward end of the fixed airlock shroud, it protected the airlock, the docking adapter, and the solar observatory before and during launch. It also provided structural support for the solar observatory in the launch configuration. The payload shroud was jettisoned once Skylab reached orbit after separation of the S-II second stage of the Saturn V vehicle. Five major assemblies clustered together made up the orbiting space station called Skylab. The largest of these was the orbital workshop, that housed the crew quarters and a major experiment area. The airlock module, attached to the forward end of the workshop, enabled crewmembers to make excursions outside Skylab. The docking adapter, attached to the forward end of the airlock module, provided the docking port for the Apollo command and service module. The Apollo Telescope Mount was the first manned astronomical observatory designed for solar research from Earth orbit.”

Artwork by G. S. Wright.

Date: November 8, 1969

McDonnell Douglas Corp photo: D4C 67902

[solidsolarindia]

Our Rooftop Solar Plant Services Harness the Sunshine

Every business should understand the importance of transitioning to solar power. Utilizing the sun’s rays for electricity production is an eco-friendly approach, marking a crucial step towards sustainability.

Solid Solar ensures that your move to solar electricity is both ecologically responsible and financially beneficial. We significantly lower your electricity expenses by installing rooftop solar plants while also delivering creative structural designs that are adapted to your specific demands.

Our professional installation services guarantee optimal performance and a clean finish. Rooftop solar power systems consist of photovoltaic modules, mounting systems, cables, inverters, and other electrical components, seamlessly integrated into your building’s roof.

Here are some key benefits of rooftop solar power systems:

Reduced Electricity Bills: Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity, significantly reducing ongoing electricity expenses. It’s a one-time investment with long-term benefits.

Space Efficiency: With rooftop installations, there’s no need for additional space allocation. The panels are strategically placed on your existing building structure, maximizing efficiency without compromising space.

Environmental Impact: Solar energy production minimizes environmental pollution compared to conventional energy sources. Solar panels operate silently and emit fewer harmful gases, reducing carbon footprints and promoting cleaner air.

Government Support: Government initiatives incentivize the adoption of solar energy. Tax credits and subsidies are offered to both residential and commercial installations, making solar power an economically viable choice. According to the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, the government provides a 30% subsidy on installation costs.

At Solid Solar, we provide the best rooftop solar solutions, ensuring optimal returns on your investment. You can contact us at +91 82879 04423 for more information. We look forward to hearing from you. Join us in embracing a sustainable future powered by the sun.

[umangotblogs2025]

Complete Guide to 5Kw Solar Panel Price : Types, Specifications & Usage

Considering the 5 kw solar panel price in Lucknow, this system is a great option for homes, small shops, or offices. It can power several homes and kitchen appliances, depending on their wattage.

When you install a 5 kw solar panel on your roof, it functions like other solar systems but handles more energy. The system changes sunlight into electricity that you can use for your appliances.

Inside the system, 5 kw solar inverters convert the solar energy from DC (direct current) to AC (alternating current) power. This AC power is what you use to run things like lights and appliances at home or in a business.

Understanding the Performance and Functionality of a 5 kw Solar System

If you want to know more about the cost of a 5 kw solar system and other details, keep reading!

Before talking about the cost and other details, let’s go over some key facts about a 5 kw solar power system and how it works:

Solar Panels: These systems use solar panels made of special cells called photovoltaic (PV) cells.

How They Work: During the day, sunlight hits the PV cells in the panels.

Electricity Creation: The sunlight creates an electric field in the cells, which makes electrons move and generates electricity.

Under perfect conditions, a 5 kw solar system can produce:

about 20 units of electricity each day,

around 600 units each month,

and roughly 7,200 units each year.

Types of a 5 kw Solar Panel

There are three main types of 5 kw solar systems: on-grid, off-grid, and hybrid.

1. On-Grid 5 kw Solar Panel

This type is also known as a grid-connected or grid-tied system because it’s connected to the main power grid.

It’s usually the cheapest option for saving on electricity since it uses the grid to supply power when the solar system isn’t producing enough.

The 5kW solar inverter in this system changes the direct current (DC) power from the panels into alternating current (AC) power for your home.

Note: The cost of the 5 kw inverter is a major part of the total system cost.

2. Off-Grid 5 kw Solar Panel

This system doesn’t rely on the power grid and works independently.

It includes solar panels, a battery for storing energy, and a 5 kw inverter.

This type is ideal if you need a backup power source and want to be completely self-sufficient.

3. Hybrid 5 kw Solar Panel

Hybrid systems combine features of both on-grid and off-grid systems.

They connect to the local power grid like on-grid systems but also include a battery bank for backup power.

This means you can use the grid for extra power when needed and rely on the batteries during outages.

Specifications of Rooftop On-Grid 5 kw Solar Panels You Should Know

If you’re looking into a 5 kw rooftop solar panel, it’s important to understand its specifications and how they affect the price. Here’s a simple breakdown:

Key Specifications:

Solar Panels: Must adhere to MNRE standards and be registered under the Approved List of Models and Manufacturers (ALMM).

Grid-connected inverter: should conform to MNRE/BIS regulations to ensure safety and performance.

Module Mounting Structure: Must be galvanized and constructed according to IS standards to ensure durability and stability.

Solar DC and AC Cables: Total length should be 50 meters, complying with MNRE standards to guarantee proper installation and efficiency.

Performance Testing: The system must achieve at least 75% efficiency during performance testing to ensure reliable energy production.

Warranty: A minimum warranty period of 5 years is required to cover potential issues and ensure long-term reliability.

Price Factors:

The cost of a 5kW solar panel can vary based on:

Type of Solar Cells:

Monocrystalline panels: More efficient and generally more expensive.

Polycrystalline panels: Less efficient but more affordable.

Brands: Different brands offer different qualities. Higher-priced panels from well-known brands often perform better over time due to lower temperature coefficients.

Solar System. Approx Cost

5 kw Solar panel price with Battery (Off Grid). ₹4,00,000/- ₹4,50,000/5

5 kw Solar panel price  with Subsidy (On Grid). ₹2,00,000/- ₹2,75,000/

5 kw Hybrid Solar panel price. ₹4,00,000/- ₹4,75,000/

[haihongnewenergy]

BIPV solar mounting system: The Future of Building-Integrated Photovoltaics

BIPV (Building-Integrated Photovoltaics) solar mounting system refers to the integration of photovoltaic modules directly into the structure or facade of a building. Unlike traditional photovoltaic systems, the photovoltaic modules of BIPV systems are both energy production devices for buildings and have the functions of building materials, such as roofs, walls, windows, etc.

The core of the BIPV system is photovoltaic modules, which use the photovoltaic effect to convert sunlight into electrical energy. Photovoltaic modules are usually made of silicon crystals or thin film materials, which can absorb photons in sunlight and release electrons to generate current. The BIPV system embeds these components into building materials, enabling them to not only generate electricity, but also serve as exterior decoration or functional components of buildings.

In short, the BIPV solar mounting system represents the future trend of combining buildings with renewable energy. It can not only provide clean energy, but also enhance the beauty and functionality of buildings. With the continuous advancement of technology and the support of policies, the BIPV system will become an important solution for achieving sustainable buildings and green living.

[solargreen01]

Solar Module Mounting Structures: The Backbone of Efficient Solar Energy Systems

Are you considering solar power for your home or business? Understanding solar module mounting structures is crucial for maximizing your investment in solar energy. These essential components, also known as solar panel racking systems, play a pivotal role in the efficiency and longevity of your solar installation.

What Are Solar Module Mounting Structures?

Solar module mounting structures are the frameworks that support and position solar panels. They ensure optimal sunlight exposure, provide stability, and protect your solar investment from environmental factors. Let's dive into why these structures are so important and the various types available.

Why Solar Module Mounting Structures Matter

1. Maximize Energy Production

Proper mounting structures position your solar panels at the ideal angle and orientation to capture maximum sunlight throughout the day. This optimal positioning can significantly boost your system's energy output.

2. Ensure Durability and Safety

High-quality mounting structures are built to withstand:

Strong winds

Heavy snow loads

Extreme temperatures

Rainfall and humidity

This durability protects your solar panels and ensures the safety of your property.

3. Minimize Shading Issues

Strategic design of mounting structures helps prevent shading, which can dramatically reduce solar panel efficiency. By keeping panels unobstructed, these structures ensure each panel operates at peak performance.

4. Adapt to Various Installation Sites

Whether you're installing solar panels on a residential rooftop, large commercial property, or even a water body, there's a mounting structure designed for your needs.

Types of Solar Module Mounting Structures

1. Rooftop Mounting Systems

Ideal for residential and commercial buildings, these systems come in three main varieties:

Ballasted systems: Use weighted blocks without roof penetration

Penetrating systems: Attach directly to the roof structure

Non-penetrating systems: Utilize clamps and weighted bases

2. Ground-Mounted Systems

Perfect for large-scale installations or when roof space is limited:

Fixed-tilt systems: Set at a stationary angle

Tracking systems: Single-axis or dual-axis options that follow the sun's path for optimized energy capture

3. Floating Solar Structures

An innovative solution for installing solar panels on water bodies:

Conserves land space

Reduces water evaporation

Potentially increases energy production due to water cooling effect

4. Solar Carport Structures

A dual-purpose solution that provides:

Shade for parked vehicles

Clean solar energy generation

Stable support is crucial. Depending on your installation type, this may involve:

Concrete footings

Ground screws

Specialized roof attachments

4. Weatherproofing

Protect your investment with proper weatherproofing:

Seal all connections

Use corrosion-resistant components

Ensure proper drainage to prevent water accumulation

Solar module mounting structures are more than just support systems – they're the backbone of efficient and durable solar energy installations. By ensuring optimal panel positioning, providing stability, and adapting to various installation scenarios, these structures maximize the return on your solar investment.

As the world increasingly turns to renewable energy, choosing the right solar module mounting structure is a critical step in harnessing the power of the sun. Whether you're considering a residential rooftop installation or a large-scale commercial project, understanding the importance of these structures will help you make an informed decision and contribute to a cleaner, more sustainable future. Ready to take the next step in your solar journey? Consult with a solar energy expert to find the perfect mounting solution for your needs

[lcpindia]

Best solar module mounting structure manufacturer in Gujarat

Enhance the performance of your solar power systems with our adaptable solar module mounting structures, ideal for both large-scale projects and rooftop setups. LCP India, a top manufacturer and supplier, offers durable SMM structures made from hot-dip galvanized iron and galvalume, ensuring long-lasting durability and superior corrosion resistance.

Visit our website: https://lcpindia.com/gujarat/solar-module-structure

[colinwilson11]

The United States Agrivoltaics Market Will Grow At Highest Pace Owing To Increasing Adoption Of Dual-Use Agriculture

The United States agrivoltaics market involves integrating photovoltaic solar power generation into agricultural operations, such as farming and livestock grazing. Agrivoltaics systems optimize land use for both electricity production as well as crop cultivation or livestock grazing. The dual-use of agricultural land boosts the agricultural productivity and reduces the consumption of fresh water for irrigation. Major crops grown under agrivoltaic systems include grapes, blueberries, tomatoes, and citrus fruits.

The United States Agrivoltaics Market is estimated to be valued at US$ 323.6 Mn in 2024 and is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 11% over the forecast period 2024-2031.

Key Takeaways

Key players operating in the United States agrivoltaics are Enel Green Power S.p.A.,Boralex,Sunrise Power Solutions,McIntosh Energy Japan Co., Ltd., and SolarEdge.

These players are focusing on developments of innovative agrivoltaic projects to tap the growth opportunities. For instance, in 2022, Enel Green Power developed an agrivoltaic system in California integrating PV modules mounted at a height of eight meters above rows of wine grape.

The growing adoption of dual-use agriculture is fueling the demand for agrivoltaic systems in the country. Agrivoltaics help farmers to generate additional revenue from electricity sales while optimally utilizing the available land for crop cultivation. Government schemes promoting integration of agriculture with renewable energy are further augmenting the adoption of agrivoltaics among farmers.

Technological advancements are also supporting the growth of the United States agrivoltaics market. Key players are developing innovative mounting structures, optimizers, and module designs that maximize crop yield while producing electricity from PV systems. Smart technologies allow real-time monitoring of agro-climatic conditions and adjustment of PV panels for optimal sunlight exposure to crops.

Market Trends

The trend of dual-use agriculture is gaining traction in the United States as it helps optimize land utilization as well as boost farm income. Various states are promoting integrated models for generation of clean energy along with crops and livestock management. Furthermore, the growing focus on sustainable agriculture is propelling the development of agrivoltaic farms having minimum environmental impact.

Market Opportunities

The strong policy support in the form of regulatory mandates and financial incentives available for renewable energy projects presents significant opportunities for agrivoltaics market in the United States. Additionally, growing research collaborations between agricultural universities and solar industries are expected to develop new applications and potential crops suitable for agrivoltaics. This will further accelerate the commercialization of innovative agrivoltaic systems.

The United States Agrivoltaics Market experienced significant slowdown in growth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lockdowns and supply chain disruptions negatively impacted the agricultural as well as solar sectors. Farmers faced difficulties in crop cultivation and harvesting due to shortage of labor and disruptions. The implementation of agrivoltaic projects also slowed down significantly. However, with gradual easing of restrictions from mid-2021 and vaccination drives, the market is recovering. The demand is expected to pick up strongly as agricultural production returns to pre-pandemic levels and ongoing renewable energy targets drive the adoption of innovative agrivoltaic solutions.

The geographical region concentrating major share of the United States Agrivoltaics Market in terms of value is Central States region comprising North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin, and Illinois. This is because of the large-scale farming activities in the region, supportive government policies, and availability of suitable land areas for integrating solar PV systems with agriculture. The fastest growing region for the market is expected to be Western States region including California, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming. This is attributed to aggressive renewable energy goals of states like California, extensive R&D initiatives in the region, and increasing development of agrivoltaic projects to power irrigation in arid states.

The Central Valley region of California is a major hub for various fruit and vegetable cultivation. However, extensive use of fossil-fuel based irrigation pumps has increased carbon footprint and energy costs of farms. Several farmers and local authorities in the region have started implementing innovative agrivoltaic projects that deploy bifacial solar panels mounted on vertically-adjustable structures above crop beds. This allows growing of crops below panels and generation of clean electricity simultaneously to meet irrigation demands. Such projects are reducing reliance on diesel and lowering production costs, thereby driving stronger adoption of agrivoltaics in California and wider Western States region.

Get more insights on this topic:  https://www.trendingwebwire.com/united-states-agrivoltaics-market-poised-to-grow-significantly-due-to-rising-adoption-of-solar-plus-crop-farming/

Author Bio:

Money Singh is a seasoned content writer with over four years of experience in the market research sector. Her expertise spans various industries, including food and beverages, biotechnology, chemical and materials, defense and aerospace, consumer goods, etc. (https://www.linkedin.com/in/money-singh-590844163 )

What Are The Key Data Covered In This United States Agrivoltaics Market Report?

:- Market CAGR throughout the predicted period

:- Comprehensive information on the aspects that will drive the United States Agrivoltaics's growth between 2024 and 2031.

:- Accurate calculation of the size of the United States Agrivoltaics and its contribution to the market, with emphasis on the parent market

:- Realistic forecasts of future trends and changes in consumer behaviour

:- United States Agrivoltaics Industry Growth in North America, APAC, Europe, South America, the Middle East, and Africa

:- A complete examination of the market's competitive landscape, as well as extensive information on vendors

:- Detailed examination of the factors that will impede the expansion of United States Agrivoltaics vendors

FAQ’s

Q.1 What are the main factors influencing the United States Agrivoltaics?

Q.2 Which companies are the major sources in this industry?

Q.3 What are the market’s opportunities, risks, and general structure?

Q.4 Which of the top United States Agrivoltaics companies compare in terms of sales, revenue, and prices?

Q.5 Which businesses serve as the United States Agrivoltaics’s distributors, traders, and dealers?

Q.6 How are market types and applications and deals, revenue, and value explored?

Q.7 What does a business area’s assessment of agreements, income, and value implicate?

*Note: 1. Source: Coherent Market Insights, Public sources, Desk research 2. We have leveraged AI tools to mine information and compile it

[evaskaenergydelhi]

Topcon Solar Panels: Redefining Solar Energy Standards

The solar energy industry is constantly evolving, driven by the quest for higher efficiency and groundbreaking innovations. Among the latest advancements is Topcon, or Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact technology, which has emerged as a promising solution for enhancing solar panel efficiency.

What Is Topcon Cell Technology?

Topcon cell technology is known for its innovative features that maximize efficiency in advanced photovoltaic (PV) systems. This technology involves crystalline silicon cells, which have seen widespread adoption in the solar panel sector. The rise of these cells is attributed to their combination of higher efficiency and lower degradation rates.

How Do Topcon Solar Panels Work?

Topcon cells use n-type solar cells, which are made with semiconductor materials doped with phosphorus to impart a negative charge. This setup distinguishes them from p-type cells, which are more common in traditional solar panels. The unique structure of Topcon cells prevents charge carrier recombination, enhancing efficiency, especially in low-light conditions. The technology helps convert light into direct current (DC) electricity more effectively, setting a new standard for solar energy generation.

Why Has Topcon Technology Become So Popular?

Topcon technology has gained significant attention in the solar industry due to its unparalleled efficiency. With conversion efficiencies reaching up to 28%, Topcon panels outperform traditional solar cells. This efficiency boost has led to widespread adoption and growth within the industry, demonstrating strong confidence in this technology.

Key Advantages of Topcon Technology:

Simple Manufacturing Process:Manufacturing Topcon modules does not require significant capital investment, as they can be produced using the same equipment as P-Type modules.

Higher Efficiency:N-Type Cell PV Modules offer about 25% higher efficiency than PERC Cells, capturing and converting solar energy more effectively.

Lower Degradation:Topcon panels exhibit lower degradation rates, maintaining their efficiency for over 25 years, making them a preferred choice over PERC PV panels.

Bifaciality Rate:Topcon Panels have a high bifaciality factor, with performance rates reaching up to 85%, compared to an average of 70% for PERC PV modules. This feature allows them to collect energy from both sides, making them ideal for ground-mounted utility projects.

Low-Light Performance:Topcon modules excel in low-light conditions, extending the electricity generation period and enhancing the overall performance of solar installations.

Best-In-Class Power Output:These panels provide exceptional power output, maximizing energy production and optimizing the return on investment for solar projects, whether residential or commercial.

Environmental Sustainability:Topcon Solar Panels harness sunlight to reduce carbon emissions, contributing to a lower environmental impact.

Difference Between P-Type PERC and N-Type Topcon

The primary difference between P-Type PERC and N-Type Topcon technologies lies in the doping materials used in the silicon wafers. P-Type wafers are doped with boron, while N-Type wafers are doped with phosphorus. The N-Type wafers degrade less when exposed to oxygen, compared to boron-doped P-Type wafers. Additionally, N-Type Topcon technology introduces free electrons to the wafers, significantly enhancing efficiency.

In conclusion, Topcon Solar Panels represent a significant advancement in solar energy technology, offering superior efficiency, lower degradation, and enhanced performance in various conditions. As the solar industry continues to grow, Topcon technology is set to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of renewable energy.

[lonestarflight]

Space Station Concepts: Dual Keel

"The new 'Dual Keel' Station was largely based on Lockheed and McDonnell-Douglas designs and its structure was much stiffer and hence easier to stabilize. It would offer additional space for external instruments plus a better microgravity environment than the previous gravity gradient-stabilized 'Power Tower.' The number of crew members was increased to 8 astronauts because scientists were concerned that a crew of six would be too busy with assembly and maintenance tasks and have no time for research. NASA's target date for the launch of the first element was now January 1993 while the initial operational capability had slipped to January 1994 mainly because the Fiscal 1986 budget was reduced from $280 million to just $200 million.

"McDonnell-Douglas illustration of the 'Dual Keel crew modules.

This McDonnell-Douglas concept drawing depicts a robotic arm controlled by an astronaut. The arm is being used to maneuver a new addition to the space station into place. The robotic arm was to have been essential to building the space station in orbit.”

11 Shuttle flights would be required for initial assembly. Officially, the estimated cost of the Station had only increased by $400 million but there were concerns that NASA was once again hiding the true cost of the larger, more complex 'Dual Keel' design.

“Dual Keel space station – Initial Operational Capability (IOC) Configuration, 11-15-85”

NASA struggled to define a 'Dual Keel' design that met all the various cost, engineering, safety, launch and user requirements. By the time Phase B1 ended in March 1986, the size of the truss structure elements had been increased from 3 x 3 meters to 5 x 5 meters for additional strength and stiffness. Another early 1986 modification involved the power system, which was upgraded to 87.5 kW. By the end of Phase B1 in March 1986, NASA had settled for a hybrid system consisting of 37.5 kW photovoltaic arrays and 50 kW solar thermodynamic generators. The number of American crew modules was also reduced from four to two while European and Japanese laboratories were incorporated in the design for the first time. The habitable volume remained the same, though, since the length of the US modules was increased to 13.3 meters. NASA Space Station Office submitted its recommended final baseline in May 1986 as Phase C/D started. The number of instrument mounting ports was reduced to five, down from an earlier projection of nine. One of the two bays for satellite servicing was also deleted.

According to the May '86 Space Station assembly sequence, the first element would be launched in January 1993. The Station would support man-tended operations after the sixth Shuttle assembly mission in August 1993 and be ready for permanent occupation after the ninth mission in January 1994. Initial Operating Capability (IOC) would be achieved after 21 flights -- twice as many as the 1984 estimate.

By the time of the 'Dual Keel' Space Station's final flight sequence overview in October 1986 NASA had to insert an additional eight Shuttle flights into the manifest. By this time, increased complexity and Shuttle payload capability reductions had increased the required number of assembly flights to more than 30 for an Initial Operating Capability (IOC) vs. 8-10 in 1984.

"The design of the Space Station has undergone the first major configuration change prior to the start of Phase B. The artist’s concept here depicts the updated Dual Keel method which retains many of the basic elements of the previously considered Power Tower concept. The primary difference is the move to favor two vertical booms rather than the Power Tower’s single boom. The dual booms provide additional framework for the attachment of other structures. Pressurized modules have also been moved from the lower area of the Power Tower concept to the Center of gravity. This has been done, NASA officials say, to meet the needs of future space station customers for the best microgravity environment attainable. More refinements are expected in the design as the program works toward the Systems Requirements Review in March of 1986."

NASA's new Space Station design was criticized in a widely publicized astronaut office briefing by Shuttle astronaut Gordon Fullerton. The Dual Keel design was found to provide poor access for maintenance, visibility from habitable areas was obstructed, there was no provision for internal vehicle 'hands on' access to EVA equipment. No crew escape vehicle had been added although a small fleet plus lower-than-hoped-for flight rates means astronauts could not be rescued as easily by the Shuttle. The Canadian manipulator was regarded as insufficient for building and maintaining such a complex Station. Fullerton also criticized excessive EVA 'spacewalk' requirements, including a 'long and complex' assembly sequence. 'Basic structure, wire runs, and plumbing are not easily designed for replacement / repair. EVA crew time even for planned maintenance was excessive. Correction of design errors may not be possible; unplanned failures may not be fixable at all...'

McDonnell-Douglas' redesigned 'Dual Keel' crew modules of this period introduced separate 'node modules' or docking ports which also accommodated many systems that would not have fit inside the original 'Power Tower' crew modules. NASA was still planning to contribute two laboratory modules plus two habitation modules in late 1985. Gordon Fullerton and other observers felt the Station's habitable volume was too limited when the number of US modules was reduced to one lab plus one habitation module. There would be no room for a second shower, commode or 'safe haven' emergency provisions. A Boeing longer 13.3-meter module was introduced in early 1986.

"Display model of Dual Keel Space Station concept (1986); boxy rectangular truss structure with attached modules and extended solar array wings. 1:100 Scale."

The Space Station was briefly suspended by a major row in the summer of 1986 when NASA tried to reassign some habitation module responsibilities from the Johnson Space Center to the Marshall Space Flight Center. A compromise was reached in September 1986, but it was yet another indication of the Station's Byzantine management structure and turf battles between NASA centers. But Congress still approved the project's $420-million Fiscal 1987 budget while imposing a number of restriction: power levels of at least 37.5 kW, fully outfit the microgravity lab by the sixth assembly flight, attach useful science payload by the third flight, launch all US elements before the foreign modules and restrict ESA's Columbus module to life sciences. The congressional requirements would essentially have forced NASA to change the Station along the lines of a new proposal which then, surprisingly, emerged from JSC. NASA had previously testified in Congress that no Station funds were being spent on alternative design studies. Using funding earmarked for alternate assembly sequence research, the Johnson Space Center nonetheless ordered its main contractors (Rockwell and McDonnell-Douglas) to examine a smaller, more compact configuration while keeping NASA headquarters in the dark about it... This caused additional confusion about who was really in charge of the project: NASA headquarters or Johnson.

NASA's first detailed cost assessment in February 1987 revealed the 'Dual Keel' Space Station would cost at least $14.5 billion in 1984 dollars, or $21 billion in current-year dollars. This caused a political uproar in Congress, where many politicians had started to express doubt about the project. However, NASA and Reagan Administration officials reached a compromise in March 1987 which allowed the agency to proceed with a cheaper $12.2-billion Phase One Station. This design initially omitted the $3.4-billion 'Dual Keel' structure and half of the power generators. It was dubbed 'Freedom'.

Article by Marcus Lindroos"

-Information from astronautix.com: link

Date: 1984-86

NASA ID: C-1986-2694, GPN-2003-00110, C-1985-8626, C-1985-8751, S85-42963, S87-38365, 86-H-332, KSC-85C-303, GPN-2003-00110

Mike Acs's Collection: SS23 B

National Air and Space Museum: A20100236000

NM Museum of Space History: DUAL KEEL SPACE STATION-0001, DUAL KEEL SPACE STATION-0002

SDASM Archives: 14_025378

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Comparing different types of street light poles for sale 

Street light poles are more than just functional fixtures. They can contribute significantly to the aesthetics and functionality of a city or neighbourhood. Choosing the right type of pole depends on various factors, including budget, aesthetics, and technological innovations. Here, we share some insights about the three main types of street light poles for sale: decorative, solar, and smart poles to help you make an informed decision: 

Decorative lighting poles

Decorative lighting poles come in various styles, from vintage to contemporary, making them suitable for historical districts and modern streetscapes. Their design flexibility ensures they complement the specific character of each location.

The robust construction of decorative poles ensures long-lasting performance. They are made from high-quality steel that offers exceptional resistance to corrosion and harsh weather conditions. They also undergo galvanization for more effective protection. This makes them resilient against rust and wear - this ensures that they remain a long-term investment that can be part of streets for decades to come.

Decorative lighting poles are ideal for historic districts, pedestrian plazas, parks, and boulevards. Their timeless design complements traditional architecture and creates a warm, inviting atmosphere. They are not only functional but also contribute to the overall ambiance of an area, making public spaces more welcoming and aesthetically pleasing.

2. Solar street light poles

Solar street light poles are made from durable materials such as galvanised steel. These materials resist corrosion and withstand harsh weather conditions. They offer long-term performance and reliability.

Solar street light poles represent a sustainable option to regular lighting poles. They have solar panels mounted on top of the pole- these panels convert sunlight into electricity to power LED luminaires. This eliminates dependence on the grid, which helps reduce energy consumption and carbon footprint. 

Solar poles require minimal maintenance. There is no need for complicated electrical wiring or trenching. Also, the LED lights have extended lifespans, which can further reduce maintenance needs. The simplicity of their installation and upkeep makes them a cost-effective solution over time.

Solar street light poles are ideal for remote or rural areas where grid access is limited. They provide reliable lighting without the need for extensive infrastructure.

3. Smart street light poles

Smart street light poles are made of galvanised steel and are resistant to corrosion and harsh weather conditions. These poles integrate sensors, cameras, and communication modules. This integration of technology enhances the functionality of the poles beyond simple lighting.

Smart poles can be programmed for adaptive lighting, adjusting brightness based on real-time needs. This translates to energy savings and improved safety in areas with low pedestrian traffic during nighttime hours. 

With smart poles, governments can lay the foundation of  a smarter, more connected city. The data collected can be used to optimise infrastructure and improve overall urban efficiency. 

Looking to buy street light poles?

Explore the street light poles from Utkarsh India. They have 18 years of experience selling over 100,000 lighting masts and 2.5 million polygonal poles. The organisation has the largest production capacity for high masts and polygonal poles, with two state-of-the-art units in West Bengal. They produce 1,000 high masts and 25,000 polygonal poles monthly. They design custom structures and foundations in-house using software vetted by Jadavpur University, Kolkata. Polygonal poles have passed wind tunnel tests at IIT Kanpur and structural tests at CSIR, Chennai, proving stability at wind speeds up to 250 km/hr.

With well-trained staff and advanced machines, Utkarsh India ensures timely production and flawless They have tie-ups with SAIL and HZL for raw materials and maintain ready stock to meet commitments.

Electroplated rope drums and SS materials or hot-dip galvanising prevent corrosion and extend equipment life. They have five galvanising units that perform seven-tank galvanising processes using modern technology under expert supervision. An in-house PU painting facility enhances product aesthetics and provides extra corrosion protection. Also, they have a dedicated logistics team that ensures easy transportation, with factories near highways, ports, and airports. Their experienced engineers provide troubleshooting and technical assistance to clients after sales.