#Semen microscopes

[quasmoindianmicrosocpe]

Semen Analysis Microscopes: A Cost-Effective Solution For Fertility Clinics & Labs

Semen analysis microscopes are an essential tool for fertility clinics and laboratories. The microscopes allow the technicians to accurately assess the quality of a man’s sperm. This information can be used to diagnose infertility and to monitor the success of fertility treatments.

[octuscle]

Dr. Jekyll

Alexei had been working on this project for weeks. He had been very lucky to be doing a research semester in England when the special military operation began. He took a dim view of any form of war. He was a scientist, not a soldier. But somehow he wanted to play his part in putting the aggressor in his place. As a biochemist, he would not be able to develop weapons. But his plan was to develop a substance that could help increase resistance to injury. And increase the resilience of a wounded body. He was on the verge of a breakthrough. Yesterday he had first inflicted a small cut on himself and then swallowed his substance; today there was no sign of the wound. Not much was missing and he would be able to heal even more complex injuries.

It was already dark. The last colleague had finally said goodbye. Alexei was alone. The last tests with his Laovor rats had been promising. This time he would not inflict a small cut on himself. This time he was going deeper, in the truest sense of the word. To be on the safe side, he had prepared disinfectant and bandages. He took a scalpel and pressed it against his forearm. He had trouble getting the ultra-sharp blade to penetrate his skin at all. There was a short glistening red mark. But it closed again after just a few seconds. No scar, nothing. It had worked! Damn it, it had worked. Alexei was not a person of great emotional reactions… But this, this went right through him. And it went down his pants. In the form of a boner. Fuck yes, his success made him horny. He couldn't help it, he had to jerk off. Here and now in the otherwise sterile laboratory. His otherwise not particularly impressive cock quickly grew to an impressive 20 centimeters. Alexei wanted to enjoy this orgasm, no, he wanted to celebrate it. He wanted…. FUUUUUUUUCK!

There was a huge mess on his lab bench. Test tubes, bacterial cultures, even his lab rats were splattered with an amount of cum that Alexei, as a scientist, would have thought impossible from a human life. And as a scientist, he only needed a few seconds to recover from the orgasm of his life. And he began to clean up the mess. He had amputated a leg from one of his lab rats, one of the first he had experimented with. The wound had closed on its own and quickly, a complete success. But now… Bloody hell! There was no leg missing. And the rat somehow looked… How should we put it…? It was a rat… But a magnificent animal! In a second cage, Alexei saw a rat slurping his cum with its tongue. And here, too, the holes in the gnawed ears closed up and the fur became thicker and shiny. Damn, his cum? A miracle weapon? There was plenty of the stuff left. But Alexei wanted to examine fresh sperm. And yes, he was still or already horny again. He took his cock out of his pants. A long thread of precum shimmered in the lab light. Alexei jerked off, a beaker ready to hand. Even now he didn't have to wait long… He felt it coming and he held the glass to his cock. And again: FUUUUUUUUCK! And another mess. The glass hadn't been able to hold his whole load.

The rat had licked his cum just like that and pure… He wouldn't be able to finish this beaker now. Especially as he wanted to examine a little cum too. But a sip like that…? Alexei was a little disgusted. But it was for science… He had no idea what cum was supposed to taste like. It was kind of interesting, yes… But he had lost a lot of time. He wasn't there yet He began to examine his sperm under the microscope. He didn't know much about human semen. Not his discipline… But this one seemed very agile… Even the one from the first load he had shot. He was getting warm. The lab coat felt tight. He took it off. The T-shirt was also uncomfortable. He was alone, who was going to mind if he worked bare-chested…

Alexei began to work with his cum, fascinated. He chased it through filters and centrifuges, he extracted proteins, he produced new samples. And then he went all out, mixing his previous preparation with a portion of concentrated cum from his last orgasm. No spoon this time. This time a big gulp! Alexei used the scalpel again. First on his forearm. He had considerably more strength than the last time he tried. He managed to make a wound a few millimeters deep. But it healed immediately. It didn't take a second. Alexei started a next attempt. This time not on his arm, but on his free upper body. His chest muscles offered even more resistance than his arms, but here too he managed to produce a briefly bleeding wound. But this also healed in a fraction of a second. Alexei recorded the results in his lab diary. He checked the wound on his forearm again. It was visible. Not as a scar. But in the form of colorful lines. Tattoos were growing on his skin where he had applied the scalpel. And where he had cut his chest, hair was growing!

Shit, it had been over fifteen minutes since he'd jerked off. This time he went to the toilet, massaging the hard-on in his pants. He wouldn't squirt all over the lab bench again. If he was going to make a mess, at least it would be in an easy-to-clean environment. His cock pulsed with anticipation, it took just a few movements of his calloused hands to produce a magnificent hard-on. And it was clear that he was about to squirt all over the walls as well as the toilet bowl. And indeed: BAAAAAANG! He shot off load after load. He tried to catch some of it with his hands in front of the glans. Shit, it got harder with every orgasm. Alexei licked his hands. It tasted so great. Milky pure manhood. He tried to tuck his cock back into his pants. That was harder than he thought. Alexei tried to wipe away some of the mess on the floor with a paper towel. His ass cheeks burst through his pants. And shortly afterwards, the seam on his thighs tore.

Alexei knew that there were a few amateur bodybuilders among the janitors. Maybe he could find something that suited him in their changing rooms. It wasn't really his style to rummage through sacks of dirty clothes. But what could he do? And sure enough, he found a pair of jeans that seemed to fit. A little too wide at the waist. But wide enough on his muscular thighs. He had to do something now. Right: log the latest events in the lab diary. He couldn't remember his cursed password from the notebook. So he took pen and paper.

“And then I'm like jerking my shlong, dude. And then I'm like totally busting a nut. And everything's dripping with my jizz. And I'm licking my fingers, 'cause they're covered in cum. And suddenly, my pants rip, bro. 'Cause, dude, my booty is in absolute competition shape like you wouldn't believe.” What else could he write? For fuck's sake, did this horniness never stop? His tattoos were impressive by now. So was the fur on his chest. Alexei scratched his beard. And shortly afterwards, his sack again. Something was strange here, something was wrong. And he didn't just mean those damn pants, which were too tight around the thighs and too wide at the hips. His crotch was wet from the precum dripping from his mighty boner. He had to get out of here. This air-conditioned air was taking his breath away. As soon as he was out of the lab, he took off his pants. Shit, he was naked, but he was probably alone in the building. There was a locker open in the scientific staff changing room. A racing bike outfit. The matching racing bike was leaning against the wall. Was there someone else here after all? He should have noticed that. He thought for a second about whether he should try putting on the cycling shorts. But they were obviously made for a slim man. And not for a giant 190 cm tall.

Alexei walked down the corridor towards the rooms for the technical staff. He was in the low-security area, where an iris check was enough to open the doors. He arrived in the changing room for the janitors and technicians. Had he been here before today? He couldn't remember… In any case, he found a jockstrap, socks and, above all, a boiler suit in the dirty laundry. It all fitted reasonably well. One of his colleagues also seemed to be in good shape. On the shelf of work boots, he found a pair in size 48 - thank God! The sun was rising, soon the place would be swarming with employees again like an anthill. He didn't want to be naked.

Alex had the feeling he had forgotten something in the lab wing. But he couldn't get back in there. An iris check wouldn't be enough. He needed his ID, which was in the pants he had taken off. He thought as best he could. What could he have forgotten in the lab wing? What would he be doing in the lab wing anyway? Beads of sweat glistened in his chest hair. He smelled under his armpits: sweat and musk. His cock was in someone's jockstrap, surrounded by cum-encrusted pubic hair. If anyone didn't fit into the clean air zones, it was a man like him. And anyway, this biology and chemistry shit wasn't for him. Blocked pipes and maybe a leaky roof: that was his world. But not today. The night shift had been exhausting. Now it was closing time. Maybe to the gym first. But then he was looking forward to a round of wanking and then his bed.

Dedicated to @guytransformedforever; Pics by @ki-kink

[girlactionfigure]

how to be an ally

LISTEN TO US

Antisemitism has been on the rise for the past few years, but since October 7, antisemitism is at the highest levels it has been since the 1930s. Yes, it’s that bad. If you haven’t heard about it, or if you don’t see it, ask yourself why, instead of casting doubt on us. 

Believe us. 

The Jewish community is hurting. Since October 7, especially, we have been gaslit on a global, unprecedented scale. After Hamas live-streamed a massacre, we are being told, globally, that it didn’t happen. Or that it wasn’t as bad as we think. Or that we deserved it. Or that we did it to ourselves.

When college students demand a global “intifada,” a term used to denote two violent Palestinian uprisings that predominantly targeted Israeli civilians, we are told “intifada” just means “to shake off.” When Hamas terrorists are caught on camera, various times, calling Israeli female hostages “sabaya,” a term Islamists use to describe sex slaves, we are told we misheard it. When an international team of forensic pathologists confirmed that Israeli children were decapitated, we are told we lied about it. We are told we lied about the rapes on October 7, despite the preponderance of eyewitness testimony, forensic evidence (e.g. broken pelvises, mutilated genitals, bloody underwear, semen on a girl’s back), and perpetrator admissions. No matter the evidence, the world keeps moving the goalposts. 

Our words are scrutinized under a microscope, and are received with doubt or outright denial. The gaslighting is such that we feel like we are living in a parallel universe.

So when we tell you how bad it is…just listen to us. Even if you don’t understand. Even if you don’t see it. Believe that we know our own experience better than you do. 

STOP POINTING FINGERS. START WITH YOU

We are so, so tired of fake allies who are quick to point to the antisemitism of others but won’t even begin to deconstruct their own biases. Antisemitism is very, very old, and very, very embedded into nearly every culture, so it’s likely that you have antisemitic biases, whether big or small. That goes for Jews as well!

This is not a personal accusation, and I’m not calling you a bad person. But sincere allyship begins with you. It’s very easy to point fingers. It’s a whole lot harder to take a hard look at your own actions and beliefs.

An example: several years ago, Shaun King was accused of antisemitism on Twitter (for the millionth time!). Instead of apologizing and holding himself accountable, he rebuked those accusations, saying, “I fight Nazis every day.”

In other words: instead of seeing where he could do better, or where he went wrong, Shaun King deflected by pointing to the antisemitism of Nazis. And yes, of course Nazis are antisemitic. But just because Nazis are antisemitic doesn’t mean that Shaun King can’t be antisemitic, too.

Something incredibly frustrating is that politicians on both sides of the political aisle use our existence and our experience of bigotry as a “gotcha” against their opponents. Instead of addressing the antisemitism on their side of the aisle — and it certainly exists on both sides of the aisle — they will relentlessly point to the antisemitism of their opponents, without ever addressing the antisemitism of their allies. But if they were truly serious about fighting antisemitism, politicians, whether left or right, would begin by addressing the antisemitism on their side before pointing fingers to prove a point. That’s not fighting antisemitism. That’s exploiting our pain. 

DO NOT SPEAK FOR US

People have been speaking for Jews for 2000 years. But we have our own voices, and we can speak for ourselves. The problem is that we are 0.2% of the world population (and, in the United States, 2.4% of the population). Though for centuries antisemites have depicted Jews as powerful puppeteers pulling the strings, and though we are accused of running the media, the truth is that we are vastly outnumbered and our voices are drowned out. 

According to the ADL Global Index on Antisemitism, 1.09 billion people across the world hold antisemitic attitudes. There are 15 million Jews in the world. Others’ narratives about us are far louder than our own narratives. That’s a problem.

As an ally, we don’t need you to speak for us. But we do appreciate you giving us the space — and, if you have it, the platform — to speak for ourselves.

Facts don’t lie; antisemites do. A recent Jerusalem Post study found that, since October 7, 46.2% of New York Times articles were empathetic toward Palestinians alone; whereas only 10.5% were empathetic predominantly toward Israelis. In other words, the Israeli narrative of events is getting buried. 

Similarly, the recent viral AI post, “All eyes on Rafah” had over 47 million shares. There are 15 million Jews in the world. A similar “pro-Israel” post, “Where were your eyes on October 7?” was shared only 500,000 times before being removed by instagram. 

Our community is small and our voices get drowned out. Give space to our voices, rather than create even more noise. Nobody is more qualified to speak of the Jewish experience than we are. 

SUPPORTING US PRIVATELY IS EASY. SUPPORTING US PUBLICLY IS MUCH MORE IMPORTANT 

Look, I get it. Vocally supporting the Jewish community at this time is not necessarily the popular thing to do. Because of the tremendous suffering of Palestinians, anyone who shows empathy toward Jews — yes, including Israeli Jews, who not only form half of the worldwide Jewish population, but are also hurting tremendously right now — can come with consequences. You might be ostracized. You might be put on a “Zionist” blacklist, as they are popping up in just about every industry, ranging from Hollywood to psychology. 

But while you have the option to “opt out,” we don’t. We don’t get to keep quiet, because this literally affects our lives and our safety. It’s getting increasingly frustrating to receive messages of “support” who will never publicly raise their voices in our defense. In remaining silent, you are contributing to an environment of fear and ostracism. That doesn’t help us.

Let me address a couple of things before you get confused.

(1) in the previous slide, I said that we can speak for ourselves; you don’t need to speak for us. In this one, I’m asking you to speak up. So what’s the deal?

Instead of, say, making a post about what is or isn’t antisemitism yourself, you can share one of our posts or even invite us to collaborate on your account. You can also publicly say “hey, this isn’t right,” or “Jewish people need support,” both in real life and online, or something of the sort, without making yourself out to be an expert over Jewish people. 

(2) you don’t have to be an expert on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to recognize Jews are hurting and to publicly voice support. If you don’t know what’s going on, I’d rather you not spread misinformation, but you don’t have to know the history or the facts on the ground to tell Jews that you see our hurt, and that you’re not okay with people hurting us. 

DO NOT TOKENIZE US

Antisemitism is a bigotry that has killed millions of Jews throughout history. It’s not a valid punishment for behavior or political views you dislike. All Jews should be protected from antisemitism, whether you like us as individuals or not. Period.

Before you share a Jewish person’s voice, ask yourself this: why am I sharing this? Am I sharing this because this person validates myviews? Am I sharing this to prove a point? Am I sharing this to show people, hey, this person agrees with me, so I can’t be antisemitic?

The truth is Jews can be antisemitic. Jews can perpetuate harmful behaviors and views that hurt the wider Jewish community. There were pro-Nazi Jews. There were pro-Stalin Jews. There are now pro-Hamas, pro-Islamic Republic, pro-Houthi, and pro-Hezbollah Jews. There have always been Jews who, for one reason or another, including internalized antisemitism, jeopardized the safety of their own community. 

If your objective is to “gain” something from associating yourself with any given Jewish person, that’s not allyship. It’s weaponization and tokenism. Allyship isn’t meant to be about you; it’s meant to be about the group you’re supporting.

You should support Jews because we are human beings, and our safety matters. Not because you’re trying to get something out of us. Period. 

LEARN ABOUT ANTISEMITIC TROPES AND CONSPIRACIES 

I cannot stress this enough. This is the single most useful thing you can do to support the Jewish people, in my opinion. Antisemitism can be hard to catch because it generally looks quite different than other forms of bigotry, and it’s constantly evolving. It’s hard to keep up with all the conspiracies — because, most often than not, antisemitism presents via conspiracy theories — so learning the “formula” of antisemitic tropes, stereotypes, and conspiracies is extremely helpful. Once you become familiar with this, it’ll be much easier for you to recognize this insidious, mutating hatred.

Personally, I like to use this formula: 

Please note: antisemitism doesn’t usually look like unabashed Jew-hatred. Antisemitism moves through conspiracies and euphemisms, whether “globalists,” “cosmopolitans,” “communists,” “capitalists,” and yes, “Zionists.”

LEARN HOW TO CRITICIZE ISRAEL

Like every other sovereign nation on planet earth, Israel is not above criticism.

It’s very important to familiarize yourself with antisemitic tropes, conspiracies, and stereotypes so that you can criticize Israel in a legitimate way, rather than in a manner that hurts Jews. 

(1) it’s totally okay to criticize Israeli policies, actions, politicians, and societal issues. However, make sure that these criticisms are rooted in reality, because there is so much disinformation about Israel 

(2) it’s not okay to call for Israel’s destruction, deny Jews the right to self-determine, or revise Jewish history to satisfy your narrative 

(3) it’s not okay to scapegoat Israel for issues unrelated to Israel, as well as to ascribe sinister motives to every single thing Israel does 

(4) it’s not okay to engage in Holocaust inversion; that is, accusing Israelis or Israel of being like Nazi Germany. Full stop

(5) it’s not okay to subject Israel to double standards not expected of any other democratic nation 

(6) it’s not okay to project antisemitic tropes, conspiracies, and stereotypes onto the Jewish state

When you project antisemitism onto Israel, chances are this will not improve anything in Israeli society; however, what it will do is it will hurt Jews. 

JUST BE THERE FOR US

Since October 7, the Jewish community has felt especially lonely. We feel that we’ve been abandoned by all our historic allies. We’ve been ostracized from our friend groups — or we’ve cut ties ourselves, because we don’t feel safe — and from our industries, which are becoming increasingly hostile to Jews who do not pass their political litmus tests, litmus tests with ever moving goalposts. 

We need support. Reach out to us, regularly. Lend an ear. Take us out for coffee. Let us know that you haven’t abandoned us. 

We also feel physically unsafe. As of June 1, at least twelve synagogues have been set on fire (or been attempted to set on fire), from Tunisia to Canada. Jews in the Diaspora have been murdered, kidnapped, and raped. These attacks have received little, if any, media coverage. Do what you can to physically protect our safety. 

Though most of us have absolutely no control over the policies of the Israeli government, our businesses are being targeted around the world. You can support our businesses that have been the target of antisemitic boycotts. 

[shiyorin]

#Horny Ferrus in your area 

#Ferrus Manus x F!Reader

#All is his delulu

#NSFW, Horny Heresy, Delulu, from poipiku...

Ferrus Manus sighed heavily as he facepalmed, the iron-hard plates of his hands making an echoing clang against his brow ridges. Once again, he found himself utterly consumed by the most disgraceful thoughts and impulses.

He cast a sidelong glance at the anatomically precise... accessory he had painstakingly crafted for his own indulgence. It lay before him, a rendered facsimile of your own intimate petals fashioned with the most advanced printing technologies the Imperium could provide. Every crease and fold, each subtlety of texture and suppleness meticulously recreated to serve as the most exquisite self-pleasuring aid imaginable.

Just the sight of it caused his already stiffening arousal to throb with need. He could so vividly envision hilting himself to the root within that snug, yielding embrace. Sheathing his aching length in the sumptuous slick heat, snugly enveloped... savoring every undulating flex and silken ripple as he drove relentlessly into the clinging depths...

A low, ragged growl vibrated from deep within his chest. Slowly, as if drawn by an irresistible current, he reached down to curl one iron fist around his rapidly engorging girth. Just a few rough strokes of his calloused grasp was all it took for him to thicken and harden to his fullest, most excruciatingly swollen state.

Molten lust blazed through his veins as the first pearly droplets welled forth from the cock. His jaw clenched as he finally surrendered to temptation, snatching up the lifelike 'toy' to hover the open, flushed entrance just a hairsbreadth away from his quivering tip.

A harsh sound caught between a grunt and a groan tore from his throat as he began to ease forward, breaching the sleek, dewy lips with his ponderous girth. They parted in a deliciously bloom to accept his invasion with eager welcome, flowery folds stretching taut as satin around his engorged crown.

Bolt after agonizing bolt of electric rapture speared up his spine as inch after delicious inch was slowly engulfed in heavenly, suctioning friction. He could feel every last microscopic detail wringing blissful sensation from him, the sumptuous swirl of rippling texture, the incredible heated clutch fluttering and convulsing with each shallow thrust...

Ferrus braced his stance and gripped the quivering toy with both hands before beginning to hammer forward in a blur of piston-like thrusts. The sharp crack of flesh meeting fake flesh punctuated each slick, squelching impact as he rapidly built up.

A guttural moan split the air as he surrendered to the slipstream of rapture, hips pistoning forward with pile-driver force. The graphic sounds of his own lusty despoilment washed over him in a tide of shameful bliss. Scorching jets of semen forth to slick his throbbing, plunging cock with every fresh vulgar thrust.

But... something was unmistakably, achingly absent. 

For all the craftsmanship, the exacting detail and attention lavished to create this sleek, perfect imitation... it remained merely a lewd copy of the true awaiting him. As skilled as his maker's touch had been in rendering it, the piece ultimately failed to capture that most crucial, most profoundly transcendent aspect he truly craved.

Those lithe, limbs that could coil about his bulk with tantalizing grace, beckoning and beseeching. Your soft hair to tangle his hand within as he hilted himself fully, plunging to the root through the untold bliss of your silken depths. Your serene, flushed countenance shattering with unconstrained rapture as moaning of pleasure rent the air while he claimed you with all the unchecked of his primarch stature.

Even as his own motions grew more frantic and the inexorable crest built within him, Ferrus knew the ultimate rapture eluded him. He imagined your voice in his mind, soft like smoky as you urged him on with cries of enraptured abandon. The idea alone of your surrender, of being the one to undo that imperturbable composure while you came undone beneath him drove him ever closer to the edge.

He arched his back and began to harder his hips with more force. It was so good, so sublime... but it was not enough. Never enough. It could never capture what he truly hungered for. Not mere flesh and texture and sensation... but the soul-rending, and primal ecstasy of truly becoming one.

With a harsh moaning, he finally crested release and felt the scalding flood erupt forth from his core. His hips snapped forward with brutal force, ramming to the root once, twice, three times more as pulse after pulse of hot, thick seed erupted in gushing torrents from his juddering cock.

As the final ebb washed over him, he slumped forward. A deep sound somewhere between a growl and a weary sigh gusted from his lips. His hips offered only shallow, weakening motions as he coasted through the aftershocks. Hot ropes dangled obscenely linking his pulsing erection with the dripping toy.

He glanced down to see his cock still remained at half-mast despite his recent exertions, flushed and heavy with the first smoldering embers of rekindled lust.

A harsh sound caught between a gutting and a groan tore from his throat as he ground one unyielding fist against the aching swell. It would not be long before the fever consumed him once more…

[mutiny-huyutiny]

WE THE PEOPLE CRAVE ARTEMISIA LORE

hi!!! that's my friend oc sooo he has written a text about her here it is!

"Hi! Thank you for your interest in my lil girl :)

Sorry for any mistakes - I don't write in English as much as i should to keep my grammar straight.

So, in that AU Dankovsky stayed in the Town after Polyhedron fell, and after long depression he decided that he would understand the concept of death better, if he researched the creation of life.

So, with the help of Stamatins, he created Glass Incubator - that creation kept comfortable conditions for embryos and allowed him to watch the process from start to finish.

So, he started experimenting - from chickens to mice, from cat to dog, it all were successful. Once he raised a whole healthy calf in that thing.

So, he decided to raise a human in that incubator. And he decided to use his own egg (Transkovsky nation hiii), but he also needed someone's seed to fertilize it. He decided to invite Artemy for this, cause he is healthy, and he is a medical professional. He wouldn't find his little asking strange.

So, it was successful (although, a little bit awkward), but Daniil fertilized his egg with Artemy's semen using the microscope, and put fertilized egg into incubator.

He journaled every step of the embryo's growth and he was totally unaware that he created not only a human, but a child. His child. He looked at that silly little thing behind the glass and saw only the next step for his understanding of death and next leap for science as a whole.

When the child was taken out of the incubator (born), she weren't given a name. Daniil just called her with cute pet-names like "Malenkaya" (Tiny) or "Malyshka" (Baby). Sadly, Artemy, who attended the birth, realised instantly the whole situation - he is a father now. It's their daughter, and Dankovsky doesn't see that. Somehow.

Few days later (in those days the child was under the supervision of her wet nurse) Daniil presented the Glass Incubator and all the creatures that he raised in it in two years, and, lastly - healthy baby girl. Whole town were shocked, and the question came from the crowd:

— Who is the girls parents?

And after answering

— She was created using mine and Artemy Burakh's biological material.

Daniil realised

Oh FUCK

So, he gave the baby girl to Burakh, and there were 3 month of uncomfortable and cringeworthy interactions between them two, Daniil and Artemy finally accepted that they are parents now. And they should start taking that seriously.

Shortly after Daniil moved in with Artemy, Sticky and Murky, and they are finally named baby girl Artemisia"

[zee-nan]

Forensic Science - History and Evolution

Forensic Science, in other words criminalistics or criminology, involves the implementation of scientific techniques and protocols that assists in decision making in the field of criminal and civil law. This broad field of study involves different scientific practices such as the analysis of DNA, fingerprints, blood stain patterns, firearms, ballistics, toxicology, etc. Throughout the investigation, scientists gather, examine, and analyze the different evidences that has been provided to them. Some scientists prefer to travel to the crime scene for a better perspective and to collect the evidences by themselves, while others take up the role in the laboratory for a better analysis and research on the evidences provided to them by some other individual. Apart from being experts in the laboratories, forensic scientists also act as expert witnesses in the court of law working for either the prosecution or the defense.

The main essence of forensics lies in the investigation of crime and crime scene. Although, have we ever thought about the history of forensic science? Its origin? When were the techniques first came into use? OR, who were the first personnel to excel in this field of study? We have…. right? Presenting a brief history of forensic science.

The history of forensic science needs exploration as this topic itself was not discussed as much in the earlier times as it is now. The word forensics has originated from the Latin word “forensis” which means forum. Forensics is usually used in collaboration with a field of authority that is associated with the legal system. In a nutshell, forensic science is the application of scientific methods and techniques to matters under investigation by a court of law.

In ancient period, the style of death was naturally assumed by the condition and the site of death of the victim or the dead body. Let us say, a man had been found in a water body. It was usually assumed to have been drowned, while a man lying in a bloodied condition along the road side was assumed to have fallen and perhaps be dragged by a horse. Suspicion toward the motive of murder and the statement of the layman against a possible murder outweighed all other facts and when all else failed, heinous torture was done to get possession of a proper confession.

However, the exact origin of forensic science is still undetermined.  Majority of the experts have concluded presumptively, the origin was in China in the 6th century, or maybe earlier. The belief of this conclusive statement is based on one of the earliest known mentions of the concept, found in a book titled “Ming Yuen Shih Lu”.  

During the 7th century, fingerprints were put to use as a method of identification. According to the studies, a vendor was able to recognize a specific customer who was indebted to him by apprehending his fingerprints on a bill.  A judge in that case, was convinced of the prints as inarguable authentication, and set an example of forensic science in action. In the year1659, the word “forensic” found its way in the Merriam- Webster Dictionary.   

After publishing Traite de Poisons int the year 1813, Professor Mathew Orfila, a specialist in medicinal chemistry, was renowned as the Father of Toxicology. He is the first, who’s known to use a microscope for the assessment of blood and semen stains. Moreover, two Italian surgeons, named Fortunato Fidelis and Paolo Zcchia, laid the foundation for modern pathology. They were successful in doing so by studying the changes in the body’s structure because of sickness. The applicability of forensic science increased with the emergence of the 17th century along with other scientific developments.

In 1880, fingerprint analysis was used to link incidents to suspects, that marked a step forward in the evolution of forensic science. Henry Faulds and William James Herschel proposed a ground breaking theory on the uniqueness of fingerprints, which made fingerprint analysis possible. This study attracted huge support from worldwide experts, and it was ultimately recognized as the crucial evidence during court proceedings. During the crime scene investigations, Francis Galton and Edward Henry, put into practice, the technique proposed by Herschel. Sir Francis Galton first invented the technique to classify fingerprints.

The inspection of evidence from firearms such as guns, which is used in crime scene investigation is known as forensic ballistics. When a bullet is fired from a gun, microscopic markings of gunpowder are left on the bullet as well as the case of the cartridge. The markings of the gunpowder left on the bullet, act as aggravated fingerprints. Henry Goddard of Scotland Yard in 1835 was the first person who used the ballistic analysis to link a bullet ta murder weapon.  

The field of study that deals with how chemicals, substances and situation can harm living organisms specifically humans and animals is regarded as Toxicology. It revolves around studying the symptoms, detection and treatment of a human/animal body which is exposed to rigorous poisoning. In 1838, a Scottish chemist named James Marsh successfully applied the techniques of toxicology. Later on, this method was proven effective during the investigation of a murder case.

The development of newer forensic procedures for evaluating evidence exploded in the early 20th century. As a result, law enforcement authorities realized the need for specialized forensic investigator teams to gather and analyze evidences. Edmond Locard, “Sherlock Holmes of France” was a renowned forensic scientist of the 19th century. Locard is considered as the innovator in this field of research and had made significant influence in the development of criminalistics (along with the partnership of Joseph Bell and Archibald Reiss). Locard’s Exchange Theory, a basic principle he developed, is crucial for today’s law enforcement. In his theory, Locard stated that “when a person comes in contact with an object or another person, a cross-transfer of physical material can occur”. The world’s first forensic laboratory in Lyon, France established in 1910, had Edmond Locard as its director. His writings include no reference of “exchange principle”. However, he did say, “It’s impossible for a criminal to act without leaving signs of his or her presence, especially given the severity of the crime”. The term “PRINCIPLE OF EXCHANGE” first appears in 1940 in the book named Police and Crime Detection, and it was developed from His observations. Furthermore, there have also been many innovations during this period in some specific areas. For example, Karl Landsteiner was awarded the Noble Prize for his work on blood groups in 1930, as he was the first to divide human blood groups into four different categories. The study of blood further helped investigators in proceeding with their analysis of the crime scene. Scientists at the Aerospace Corporation in California in the 1970s, developed a scanning electron microscope method for the easy detection of gunshot residues. Other tests to check saliva, sperm, urine and sweat were developed in the mid-1990s.

The growth of forensic science has been aided by increased computational capacities. Photographs which are of high resolution and are essential for the proceedings of a murder case can now be saved and processed more easily due to increased computational and storage capacities. Criminology mostly works with the idea that resolves around the moto - “every case is different”. This idea generates a primitive conflict between researches focused on generalizable theories and professional crime reconstruction practices. On that account, it is essential to get hold of a long-term perspective while considering the probable opportunities and recommendable future directions in the field of forensics.  

While, it can be seen that the application of physical, natural, and social disciplines to legal issues is referred to as forensic science and the history of this field is very old. The first application of this field goes back to the history of ancient Rome, Greece and Egypt. The previously applied basics of criminology have not changed over the years and while it can answer how of a crime being committed, it can never solve the why. Analyzing a crime scene includes the intervention of human factors as well as scientific methods and procedures to get to the root of the incident that has occurred. While the evidence has the voice of their own, human intervention translates those evidence in the court of law ensuring justice is always served.

[deadsilkmoth]

Beware, kinda nsfw.

Wernicke just likes studying Easterman. So he does pretty weird and confusing things. One time instead of aftercare he took a sample of Hendrick's semen, studied it under microscope and praised him like: Congrats, you're very fertile!

[speedlimit15]

that AITA about the woman asking her husband to please clean up his semen and him refusing and denying even when she literally gets out microscope slides to prove he’s lying about it not being cum makes me so mad i can’t reblog it. i hate that she had to make an edit like I know i’m psycho XDDD because she’s not even being ridiculous she’s using objective proof to try and argue with someone repeatedly lying to her face about making her clean up his cum just so he won’t have to take responsibility for his behavior like….

[reptiles-of-the-mind]

Hello there! Excuse me Mr Reptiles, but could you please elaborate on the microscope post tags? I feel like there is a cool history lecture hiding in there

Hello there— most certainly!!

Several people are credited with inventing some form of microscope, including the Dutchman Antoin van Leeuwenhoek in the mid-to-late 1600s (who btw was born in Delft, of tile fame).

The story goes that Antoin (the spelling of his first name is debated) was busy with his wife when it occurred to him that there might be something interesting inside semen that actually produces life. Scientific theories at the time as to how conception occurred were slim, and experiments included putting semen in a womb-shaped vase to see if life would form. This did not work lmao

So, he rushed to his microscope and placed a sample under the lens. He saw what we now know are sperm! He would find many more tiny lifeforms with his microscope, which were named animalcules. The word homunculus was also used to describe hypothetical tiny people inside sperm, iirc.

So that's the story!! (sorry for the late reply heh)

[bacchicly]

worst smutty sentence I have ever written below the cut...the cutting room floor is calling...

 and wooosh his semen pulses and gushes out of his flared body into hers - propelling his rockets of DNA fast and deep into the microscopic obstacle course that is the last bastion of survival of the fittest.

[organical-mechanical]

There’s some type of micro-organism (I can’t recall the name) that we’ve never been able to document the entire mating process of.

We’ve been able to see some of it, but there’s one major roadblock:

Every time they expel semen, it fogs up the glass of the microscope

zoology is so fucking funny. what do you mean we’ve never seen a baby great white shark. what do you mean we’ve never documented a single melanistic cougar despite it being entirely possible. I dunno man. Anyways a new amphipod was just discovered 92639273947294729 meters beneath the sea

[salonitech]

Can I Have a Baby with 0 Sperms? How Men with Zero Sperm Count Can Still Become Fathers

Facing infertility is never easy, especially for men diagnosed with zero sperm count, known as azoospermia. For a long time, many believed that fathering a biological child in these cases was impossible. But thanks to advanced microsurgical techniques, there is now real hope. These groundbreaking methods allow many men to have their own biological children, even when sperm production is extremely low or absent.

Understanding Male Infertility and Zero Sperm Count

What Is Azoospermia?

Azoospermia means that no sperm are present in a man’s ejaculate. There are two main types:

Obstructive azoospermia: Sperm are produced normally but are blocked from being released.

Non-obstructive azoospermia: The testes produce little or no sperm due to issues with sperm development.

This condition affects about 1 in 100 men. Causes can include genetic disorders, infections, injuries, or hormonal imbalances. For couples trying to conceive, azoospermia can be a major barrier.

Why It Was So Difficult in the Past

Traditionally, if no sperm were found in the semen, the options were limited to using donor sperm or considering adoption — choices that could be emotionally challenging for men hoping to pass on their own genes. Waiting for natural improvement rarely worked, and many were left without real solutions.

How Advanced Microsurgical Procedures Are Changing the Story

Sperm Retrieval Techniques: TESE, TESA, PESA, and Micro-TESE

Today, sophisticated surgical techniques offer new pathways:

TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration): A needle is used to draw sperm directly from the testes.

PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration): Sperm are retrieved from the epididymis, where sperm are stored and mature.

TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction): Small samples of testicular tissue are surgically removed to search for sperm.

Micro-TESE (Microdissection TESE): The most advanced method, where a high-powered microscope helps surgeons find tiny areas in the testes that may contain sperm.

Micro-TESE, in particular, has opened doors for men with non-obstructive azoospermia, offering a much higher chance of finding viable sperm.

Turning Retrieved Sperm into a Pregnancy

Fertilization Through IVF and ICSI

After sperm are retrieved, they are used in assisted reproductive treatments:

IVF (In Vitro Fertilization): Eggs and sperm are combined in a lab.

ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection): A single sperm is injected directly into an egg, which is especially helpful when only a few sperm are available.

These techniques allow even the smallest number of retrieved sperm to fertilize an egg successfully.

Embryo Transfer

Once embryos are created, the best ones are selected and transferred into the woman’s uterus. Factors like the woman’s age, egg quality, and overall health of both partners play a big role in the chances of success.

Success Rates and What Affects Them

The likelihood of success depends on several factors, including:

Age (younger men often have better results)

Testicular function and health

The quality of sperm retrieved

Recent studies show that 30–50% of men with non-obstructive azoospermia who undergo micro-TESE and ICSI are able to father biological children. As technology improves, these numbers continue to rise.

Real Stories and Expert Recommendations

Success Stories

Many men once told they could never father a child have gone on to do just that thanks to micro-TESE and ICSI. Finding even a few viable sperm in testicular tissue can completely change the outlook for couples struggling with infertility.

Advice from Specialists

Experts recommend seeking help early. Early diagnosis and a personalized treatment plan can make a major difference. Fertility specialists also stress the importance of choosing experienced surgeons and centers that specialize in male infertility.

Practical Steps for Men Facing Azoospermia

Consult a fertility specialist as soon as possible.

Discuss all available options for sperm retrieval and their success rates.

Focus on a healthy lifestyle — good nutrition, exercise, and avoiding smoking or alcohol can support fertility.

Prepare emotionally and physically for the journey. Having support from loved ones can be invaluable.

Stay hopeful — modern medicine offers real opportunities.

Conclusion:

Having a zero sperm count doesn’t mean the dream of fatherhood is out of reach. Thanks to breakthroughs like micro-TESE and assisted reproductive technologies like ICSI, many men are now able to have biological children. Early action and expert care make all the difference. If you or someone you know is facing this challenge, take heart — becoming a father is often more possible than it seems.

For More Info Watch : Can I Have a Baby with 0 Sperms? Fertility Specialist in Secunderabad Dr. Hima Deepthi V, Explains - YouTube

[worldwideinvestigationservices]

Unlocking Mysteries: How Forensic Biology & Serology Solve Crimes

In the corners that have not been explored, that's where you find the answers, which you may be looking for. From the set of fields Forensic Biology & Serology forensic science which took a couple of years to evolve, has today undoubtedly given to investigators methods, which they could easily and very precisely be sure of. Bio and Serology are the areas of the criminalistics science, which concern not only with the answer to the questions of where and when but also with the so-called "who." The world has witnessed the incidence of the wrong people being jailed or their executions just because of wrongful conviction, which only high-quality forensic evidence-based justice systems can help avoid.

This article will explain to you the process by which Forensic Biology and Serology combine their efforts to clarify the situation, using the usual real-life procedures that are also easy to grasp for beginners who are not educated in forensic science.

What is Forensic Biology & Serology?

The term Forensic Biology & Serology relates to the scientific study of biological evidence used in criminal investigations.

Bio forensics is the branch of the science of forensics that deals with the identification of the DNA, cells, tissues, bones, and hair of the individuals who are the possible perpetrators or victims of a crime.

Serology applies to us finding the source of a stain such as blood, saliva, or semen.

When a crime is committed, there is usually potential evidence at the scene. The expertise of the analyst in the use of Serology and Forensic Biology can reveal who was the victim of the crime, identify culprits, and in the process, they can also prove the innocence of some of the victims. The technological advancement of the crime scene investigation domain has led to, for example, micro quantities of biological material being beneficial to the investigation.

Thanks to the modern developments in forensic science, skin cells, tiny traces of blood, etc., that used to be impossible to get prints, are now potential sources of evidence that can be used in an investigation.

If you've lost ransomware data, recovering it can be a challenging process, but there are strategies to help. First, ensure that the infected system is isolated to avoid further damage. Utilize backups to restore your files, or reach out to professionals who may offer decryption tools. In complex cases, you may need to apply forensic techniques to track down traces of compromised data. Forensic Biology & Serology methods, while traditionally used in criminal investigations, can sometimes be adapted to analyze digital evidence and identify the origin or alteration of files, helping you recover lost data securely.

How Forensic Biology Aids in Criminal Investigations

In most cases, the invisible that can solve the mystery to itself can indeed be seen through the use of a microscope. Forensic Biology and Serological research can bring out those hidden traces of evidence.

DNA Profiling: A Mute Testimony

DNA is one of the biggest game-changers in the domain of crime investigation. Each individual possesses a unique set of genes and by employing contemporary methodologies, DNA technology can take DNA samples from extremely inconspicuous sources such as a hair, or some saliva, for example.

According to the domain of Biology and Serology in Forensics, DNA profiling is like unimpeachable evidence, which, however, is exclusively based on science. If it's a case of convict to evidence relation or alienating suspects, DNA has become one of the most effective forensic evidence due to its reliability.

Instances when DNA obtained from deteriorated samples can still be used for identification and in the pursuit of justice, even some decades after a crime has taken place are the results of these technical advances.

Biological Traces Detection

A lot of times, pieces of evidence are not visible to the naked eye. Crime scene units who are engaged in the field of Forensic Science: Biology & Serology with the use of chemicals, nature light, and microscopic studies, can retrieve latent biological elements.

Tools such as flushing, an example of blood on a washed territory, or fine saliva droplets can be detected through the use of these devices ensuring that there will be no traces that can be ignored and in the end could be crucial to being missed out.

The Importance of Serology in Crime-Solving

While Forensic Biology delves into DNA and cellular structures, Serology is a source of the valuable information that helps in solving crimes.

Blood Typing and Pattern Analysis

If DNA testing is not possible or gives an inconclusive result, blood typing can still be informative in finding a solution to the case.

The examination of the blood can give information on many points, for example, a struggle, or what direction the blow was delivered, etc.

People, skilled in Serological and Biological Forensics are capable to understand the patterns and provide the necessary information that can positively or negatively corroborate a witness's words.

Identifying Bodily Fluids

In investigation of sexual assaults and physical aggressions, finding out the presence of bodily fluids and their type are important matters.

The respective domain of Forensic Serology and Biology carries out the necessary testing to detect the sexual assault, namely the presence of sperm, vaginal secretions as well as the saliva and be sure about the perpetrated crime.

Through the analysis of these fluids, the time and areas of contact between different individuals are established, thereby the investigation is further supported in regard to the integrity.

Real-World Impact: Success Stories from Forensic Biology & Serology

Through the careful use of Biological and Serological Forensic Analysis, many cases have been solved in a methodical way over the years.

Here are a few cases:

Solving Cold Cases: Once with no evidence, these were cases left to be forgotten and abandoned, now they are minutely reopened. Old biological samples, that have been kept for years, are re-examined by modern methods which leads to the detection and conviction of unknown suspects.

Exonerating the Innocent: The analysis done in the projects at Forensic Biology and Serology has been a factor in correcting mistakes that were made in the past and that have wrongfully accused a certain party, thus, upholding the belief that forensic science is not just about guilt or innocence, but also the truth.

Such true-to-life examples underline the importance of forensic science as a foundation for criminal justice in today's world.

Building a Career in Forensic Biology & Serology

For those who find fascination in science and justice, following a career in Forensic Biology & Serology can be a very meaningful and exciting path.

Specialists are in demand for the various roles such as:

Forensic Biologists: They are the professionals who are responsible for the examination of the tissue, DNA, and cellular material that are collected in laboratory operations.

Forensic Serologists: They are the individuals in the field of forensic science that are specialized in recognizing and studying the body fluids found at a crime scene.

Crime Scene Technicians: These are field experts who are responsible for collecting and preserving biological evidence. 

Conclusion: Science and Justice Move as One

With the help of some of the forensic branches like Forensic DNA & Serology, precision and science that exists through the latter, secrets are revealed, and justice is reached with a fervour

The rising technologies besides the one mentioned above, are proving the competences of forensic experts, that they are faster, more accurate and are making it difficult for the offenders to be hidden.

Every little drop of blood or exiguous DNA segment can really bring on some implications, and at last, through science, that is making the real difference is being exposed.

[greenarray1]

Your Microbiome, Your Health: Test and Transform with GreenArray

In the world of modern health and wellness, the word “microbiome” has become more than just a buzzword—it’s a gateway to personalized, precision healthcare. Microbiomes—communities of trillions of microorganisms—exist all over and within our bodies, playing crucial roles in our digestion, immunity, skin health, reproductive system, and even our mood. At GreenArray, we’re dedicated to helping you understand these microscopic communities through our comprehensive microbiome testing services, tailored for the gut microbiome, vaginal microbiome, semen microbiome, skin microbiome, and oral microbiome.

Why Microbiome Testing Matters

Your microbiome is as unique as your fingerprint. A healthy microbiome can support a strong immune system, improve digestion, reduce inflammation, support fertility, and more. But imbalances—called dysbiosis—can contribute to a wide range of issues, including bloating, acne, recurrent infections, low energy, and chronic illness. GreenArray’s microbiome testing services provide an in-depth look at what’s going on beneath the surface, offering actionable insights that help you make informed decisions about your health.

Our Microbiome Testing Services

At GreenArray, we believe in a personalized approach. That’s why we offer microbiome testing for multiple body sites—each with its own unique microbial profile and health implications.

1. Gut Microbiome Testing

The gut microbiome is perhaps the most studied and talked-about. It consists of microbes living in your gastrointestinal tract, which influence digestion, immunity, metabolism, and even mental health. With GreenArray’s gut microbiome test, you’ll receive a comprehensive breakdown of your bacterial diversity, presence of beneficial vs. harmful bacteria, and risk factors for conditions such as IBS, leaky gut, or metabolic disorders. You’ll also get personalized dietary and probiotic recommendations to restore balance.

2. Vaginal Microbiome Testing

Women’s health deserves specific and detailed attention. Our vaginal microbiome test provides crucial insights into the bacterial balance of the vagina, which can impact everything from fertility to infection risk. An overgrowth of certain bacteria or yeast can lead to conditions like bacterial vaginosis, yeast infections, or chronic UTIs. With GreenArray, testing is simple and private, and the results include targeted guidance for improving vaginal health through lifestyle changes, probiotics, and clinical support if needed.

3. Semen Microbiome Testing

A lesser-known but increasingly researched area, the semen microbiome has a vital role in male fertility and reproductive health. Imbalances in semen microbes may influence sperm quality, motility, and inflammation. GreenArray offers a discreet and detailed analysis that helps men better understand how their microbiome might be affecting their reproductive potential and what steps can be taken to improve it.

4. Skin Microbiome Testing

Your skin is your largest organ—and it’s home to its own complex ecosystem. From acne to eczema to premature aging, many skin issues are tied to an imbalanced skin microbiome. Our non-invasive test allows you to assess the health of your skin’s bacteria, yeasts, and other organisms. Based on your results, GreenArray provides personalized product recommendations, skincare routines, and lifestyle tips to rebalance your skin microbiome naturally.

5. Oral Microbiome Testing

Your mouth is the gateway to your body, and your oral microbiome can influence not only your dental health but also your risk for systemic diseases like heart disease and diabetes. GreenArray’s oral microbiome testing gives you a snapshot of your mouth’s microbial landscape—highlighting issues like gum disease, bad breath, and cavities before they develop into more serious problems. You’ll get tailored guidance on oral hygiene, diet, and targeted therapies to optimize your oral health.

What Sets GreenArray Apart?

At GreenArray, we don’t just give you raw data—we give you clarity. Our advanced sequencing technology delivers highly accurate results, and our science-backed reports are easy to understand and actionable. Here’s what makes us different:

Comprehensive Reports – Visual, user-friendly insights into your microbiome composition, including diversity scores, bacterial imbalances, and risk assessments.

Personalized Recommendations – We provide tailored dietary, probiotic, and lifestyle suggestions based on your unique microbiome.

Privacy & Convenience – Easy-to-use at-home collection kits with confidential digital results.

Science-Driven Support – Our tests are backed by the latest in microbiome research and guided by clinical microbiologists.

Your Health Journey Starts Here

The human body is not just a collection of organs—it’s a complex, interconnected system, powered by invisible microbial communities. When we understand those communities, we unlock powerful insights into our health. Whether you’re struggling with chronic symptoms, planning for a baby, or simply want to optimize your wellbeing, microbiome testing is a key that opens new doors.

GreenArray is proud to be your partner on this journey. Our gut microbiome, vaginal microbiome, semen microbiome, skin microbiome, and oral microbiome testing services offer a holistic view of your health—delivered with compassion, precision, and innovation.

Ready to Discover Your Microbial Blueprint?

Explore our full range of microbiome testing services today at GreenArray’s Website and start taking charge of your health from the inside out.

[feashly]

she's only TA if she didn't give him a chance at every stage to come clean letting him dig himself deeper at every stage: "i'm collecting some fluid, sure this isn't semen?" "i'm getting my microscope sure this isn't semen?" "i'm finding a slide... are you SURE this isn't semen?"

this AITA is killing me

[nursingwriter]

Advanced Directive OB obstetrician (University of Memphis) Scan to open on Studocu Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloaded by James Mcknight (careerdigitals@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|28323056 Advanced Directives Exam 1 Summer 2022 1. Fetal circulation The 2 arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta and the umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood to the fetus carries (oxygenated) blood to the embryo 2. Determine obstetrical history using GTPALM (GTPALM) -- birth information • G--ravidity- # of pregnancies (including present one) • T—erm births- pregnancy from 37 – 42 weeks • P—reterm births- pregnancy from 20 – ending prior to 37 weeks • A--bortion- (spontaneous or elective) termination of pregnancy before fetus is viable (< 20 weeks or < 500 g) • L--iving- # currently alive • M-multiples-# of deliveries that had more than 1 infant delivered 3. Differentiate between presumptive, possible and probable signs of pregnancy ➔ Presumptive – subjective – mother’s experiences ➔ Probable – objective – signs seen by examiner, could be cervical conjunction ➔ Positive – objective – fetus seen or heart tones heard 4. Calculate date of birth (EDC, EDB or EDD) using Naegele’s Rule Naegele’s Rulea. 1st day of LMP - 3 months + 7 days OR b. 1st day of LMP +9months + 7days 5. Amniotic fluid: function & how to determine if ROM Downloaded by James Mcknight (careerdigitals@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|28323056 ● Protects the fetus, temperature control, cushions the baby from bumps and injury; rupture of membrane is determined with nitrazine test for pH (Ruptured - amniotic fluid is alkaline BUT so are bloody show, insufficient amniotic fluid, and semen) Blue-green Blue gray Deep blue or test for ferning (done under microscope by doctor) 6. Function of the placenta-provides O2 and nutrients; removes waste from the babies blood 7. Fetal development: actions, sex, heart, quickening, response to extrauterine activity, lungs, liver 3 weeks- ■Heart starts beating & blood circulates 4 weeks- ■2- chamber forms a 4- chamber heart ■Respiratory system begins 5 weeks- ■Umbilical cord developed 8 weeks- ■Gender distinguishable 9 weeks- ■Fingers, toes, eyelids, nose, & jaw evident 12 weeks- ■Placenta complete ■Organ systems complete ■Thumb sucking ■Fetus urinates in amniotic fluid-11 weeks 16 weeks- ■Meconium in bowel 20 weeks- ■Hearing developing ■Quickening (Mom feels movement) Downloaded by James Mcknight (careerdigitals@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|28323056 ■Lanugo covers the body ■Wake/sleep cycles evident 24 weeks- ■Circulation visible ■Rapid brain growth ■Hiccups ■Vernix caseosa is thick ■Lecithin (L) present 8. Using the menstrual cycle homework determine what part the following hormones are involved, what their action is and in what cycle or phase would you expect them to be activated: a. Estrogen-has a role in ovulation when the ovaries release an egg and thickens the lining of the uterus to prepare for pregnancy b. Progesterone-helps to regulate the cycle; if there is no fertilized egg, progesterone level drops and menstruation begins. (Pro- life). c. Follicle stimulating hormone-helps control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries; the levels change during the menstrual cycle; the highest levels happen right before an egg is released d. Gonadotropin releasing hormone-releasing hormone that releases folliclestimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary; regulate ovarian function ➔ Ex: what phase and cycle is the Corpus luteum in? Luteal phase in the ovarian cycle 9. Physical changes regarding maternal heart, skin and feelings regarding pregnancy that would be considered normal during pregnancy Heart-increase in vascular volume, increase in RBCs, increased CO (BP does not increase) Skin:•Chloasma - Facial pigmentation •Linea nigra – a darkly pigmented line from the umbilicus to the pubic area •Striae gravidarum – stretch marks on trunk and thighs r/t stretching of connective tissue. •Palmar erythema – darker red palms r/t hyperemia Feelings-supine hypotension, SOB, N/V 10. Labs – Know normal for Hcg, Hgb, RPR (VDRL), RH factor and platelets for pregnant women Hcg ()-earliest biological marker for pregnancy Hct (34.6-43.8) Downloaded by James Mcknight (careerdigitals@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|28323056 Hgb (11.5-14.8) RPR -used to test for syphilis; A normal test result typically reveals that the blood does not contain any antibodies that are reactive to syphilis. RH factor() Platelets (150-400) normal to be higher have more going on 11. What would you teach a client that you suspect is being abused? ● A woman suspected of being emotionally or physically threatened or abused should be interviewed and examined in private. Most important, do you feel safe returning home? Assessment: ● 1. Regular screening of ALL women for history/risk of IPV ● 2. Most important - validate that they have been heard ● 3. Establish safety (at the moment and future) ● 4. Observe for injuries - old/new ● Partner asking questions versus patient ● 5. Associated health conditions warranting further assessment: HA, GI probs, chronic pain, arthritis, STIs, pelvic pain, substance abuse, depression, PTSD, suicide Education: ● 1. Abuse is a violation of rights ● 2. Facilitation of access to protective and legal services is first step 12. Why do teens have a delay in prenatal care ● Delayed entry into prenatal care can be the result of late recognition of pregnancy, denial of pregnancy, or confusion about the available services. Such delays in care leave an inadequate time before birth to attend to correctable health problems. Very young at risk for poor pregnancy outcomes. Higher risk for abuse and harder to enter the system don't have insurance, sacred attempting to hide pregnancy. 13. Potential complications in the first trimester: Hyperemesis gravidarum, UTI, contractions, DVT ● Hyperemesis gravidarum if persists longer than 1st trimester, nausea of pregnancy normally does not ● UTI correlated to preterm or pregnancy loss ● Hypercoagulable state more likely for DVTs (increased clotting factors) ● Contractions: braxton hicks thought to enhance blood flow; irregular and painless although some women complain that they are annoying 14. Weight gain during pregnancy Downloaded by James Mcknight (careerdigitals@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|28323056 Weight Gain (total = 25-35lbs) •2 to 4 lbs (1st trimester) •1 lb/week (2nd & 3rd trimester) 15. Using your presentation homework be able to determine presenting part Downloaded by James Mcknight (careerdigitals@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|28323056 Read the full article