#Sandra Muñoz

[justinspoliticalcorner]

Michelangelo Signorile at The Signorile Report:

Four years ago, as she was ascending to the Supreme Court, I wrote right here on The Signorile Report that “Amy Coney Barrett will destroy marriage equality.” And now she’s appeared to confirm it’s coming, writing the majority opinion last week in Department of State v. Muñoz. Barrett and others in the majority were called out by the three liberals on the court in a powerful dissenting opinion—and even by Justice Neal Gorsuch to an extent, in a concurrence—who zeroed in on how Barrett and other conservatives unnecessarily, and disturbingly, stripped the rights of marriage in a ruling on an immigration case.

The case centered on Sandra Muñoz, a Los Angeles woman and U.S. citizen, who argued that her constitutional rights were violated when the federal government denied a visa to her Salvadoran husband, an undocumented immigrant. As The Los Angeles Times notes, the case is “a major setback for Americans with foreign spouses because it explicitly rejects the idea that a citizen has a constitutional right to attempt to bring their noncitizen spouse into the country.” More than that, as Justice Sotomayor wrote in her very strong dissenting opinion, which opened by quoting from the court’s Oberbefell marriage equality decision, the majority’s decision stripped marriage as a “fundamental” right that is a “matter of tradition and history.”

Muñoz demanded to know the reason why her husband was denied a visa, since, as is standard practice, the State Department would not tell her. Via her lawsuit, the claims of which the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed—ruling her husband should get a visa because not doing so infringed on Muñoz’s marriage rights—she found out the dubious reason: The government claimed her husband had tattoos that were gang-related, something an expert on gangs refuted. And, as Gorsuch wrote, that should have been the end of the case. Muñoz got what she sought—the basis of the government’s denial—and, even as the Supreme Court overturned the Ninth Circuit’s decision, she and her husband could try to get a visa again. There was absolutely no reason for the Supreme Court to go any further than that.

[...] Biden and the Democrats got the “Respect for Marriage Act” passed—a bill that foresaw the possible overturning of Obergefell, after Thomas’s concurring opinion in Dobbs. The law will not stop states from banning marriage equality in their own states if the court sent the issue back to the states, as it did with the issue of abortion. But it codifies recognition by the federal government of same-sex marriage—for the purposes of Social Security survivorship, for example—and mandates that states that ban same-sex marriage in their own states must recognize marriages of gay and lesbian couples married in other states, even if their own residents go to another state to marry. You can bet that if Donald Trump and the GOP get into power, they'll repeal the Respect for Marriage Act. More than that, only with Democrats and Biden in power can we pressure both to finally move forward on expanding the Supreme Court.

As SCOTUS Justice Sonia Sotomayor noted in the dissent for the Department of State v. Muñoz case that cited Obergefell, marriage equality is under serious danger.

[distilled-prose]

From Facebook today 8/14/24

Gidget" is the linguistic blend of the words "girl" and "midget."

But the name means much more than that - it's the movie that changed the course of surfing and made it mainstream.

The fictional character was inspired by Frederick Kohner's teenage daughter, Kathy Kohner, who embraced the surfing lifestyle on the sands of Malibu.

Kathy was born on January 19, 1941, in Los Angeles and raised in Brentwood.

She was only five feet tall, weighed 95 pounds, rode her first wave at the age of 15 on June 24, 1956, and was obsessed with surfing and beach life.

One day in Malibu, Terry "Tubesteak" Tracy shouted out: "See you around, Gidget!" The nickname Gidget stuck. Forever.

Initially, Kohner traded peanut butter sandwiches she made in her parent's kitchen for the use of surfboards lying around Tracy's beach shack.

Malibu's favorite mascot soon became an accomplished and well-respected surfer. She was one of the few girls riding waves at the time and kept all her adventures in her diary.

"Some people have Alcoholics Anonymous, Starbucks, church. (...) I had Malibu," Kathy Kohner later said.

The real-life "Gidget" surfed with legends like Miki Dora, Tom Morey, Dewey Weber, Kemp Amberg, and Mickey Munoz.

But, there was a surprise in the making that would have a significant impact on the future of the sport.

Kathy's father, Frederick Kohner, was a Czechoslovakian Jew who worked as a screenwriter for the German film industry until 1933.

When the Nazi regime started removing Jewish credits from films, Frederick Kohner decided it was time to move to Hollywood and started working for Columbia Pictures.

Gidget": The Book That Changed the Course of Surfing

After a day of surfing, Kathy would arrive home and tell her father about the friends, the rides, and the stories and experiences she had witnessed and lived at the beach.

The surf culture, with its surfer slang and laid-back attitude, fascinated and inspired Kohner to write a novel titled "Gidget (The Little Girl with Big Ideas)," her daughter's nickname in Malibu.

The book published by G. P. Putnam's Sons ended up selling over half a million copies.

Two weeks after its release, Frederick Kohner sold the novel rights to Columbia Pictures for $50,000, with five percent going to Kathy.

The American film studio made three movies, all directed by Paul Wendkos - "Gidget" (1959), "Gidget Goes Hawaiian" (1961), and "Gidget Goes to Rome" (1963).

In the novels, the star's name was Franziska Hofer; in the movies, she was Frances Elizabeth Lawrence. But they were all Gidget.

The 1959 movie "Gidget" was shot at Leo Carrillo State Park in Southern California and released on April 10, 1959.

Shortly after hitting the theaters, it became a hit among the American youth audience and rapidly brought surfing into the mainstream.

The film tells the story of a 16-year-old teenage girl - Frances Lawrence (Sandra Dee) - who meets and falls in love with Moondoggie (James Darren), a good-looking surfer.

Mickey Muñoz doubled for Sandra Dree in the surf. He wore a blond wig and bikini in the waves for the cameras.

yo, @surfgirl66 - By the mid '60s, the Gidget movies and such were considered uncool with the advent of the hip movement and all. But I had no idea it was a real story. And, anyway, I thought you might find this interesting.

[spanishskulduggery]

I need book recommendations. I need a book that was written BY a native Spanish-speaker FOR Spanish-speakers. Children's books are boring, but I'm not at the same reading level in Spanish that I am in English. I think my Spanish reading level is like a 12-year-old who wants to read more sophisticated books but doesn't have the vocabulary or formal education to read adult novels. Something like Animorphs level for example. But originally in Spanish. I hope that makes some sense. Sorry if I'm being demanding but it's Been Rough I love you thank you in advance for your time

I'll recommend the few that I know

Followers do you know of any other books/series like this?

-

In my mind the only book series I can think of that's a bit like what you're looking for is the Memorias de Idhún trilogy by Laura Gallego

You can look more into Laura Gallego, she has a lot of more fantasy style YA books that are very popular and she's the one that comes to mind immediately for me

The other books I know of for kids are more... scholastic? There's Esperanza renace by Pam Muñoz Ryan which is a little bit historical, very based in reality, and it kind of feels like a formation novel if you know the term

The other one that I do recommend though it is not what you're looking for exactly is La casa en Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros, which is very engaging, a little slice of life, a little bittersweet, kind of poetic, and it doesn't read like an academic novel it feels more like the book Coraline or something written for a younger audience without being babyish

(But in either case I would say make sure you have a dictionary with you or wordreference pulled up when you read just so you can look up anything you don't know/understand since vocab and some grammar might be outside of what you know... but hopefully not so academic that it's tedious)

I'm not usually up on contemporary Spanish YA. Most of the ones I know of are translations of other series/books

[nightlocktime]

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The Olympics are over, but I needed to give a shout-out to our delegation. We are not many, we didn't win much, but each single one of them gave it all and from here we fiercely supported and followed every single one until the end.

Thank you to all of our 91 participants, 4 medalists, and 14 diplomas. We're proud of all of you with our entire hearts.

Alejandro Solarte, Alexis Cuero, Alisson Cardozo, Ana María Rendón, Andrés Hernández, Ángel Barajas, Ángel Hernández, Ángela Daniela Barón, Angie Orjuela, Angie Valdés, Anthony Rincón, Anthony Zambrano, Arnovis Dalmero, Camilo Villegas, Carlos Alberto Ramírez, Carlos Muñoz, Carolina Arias Vidal, Catalina Pérez Jaramillo, César Herrera, Cristian Ortega, Daniel Martínez, Daniel Restrepo, Daniela Alexandra Arias Rojas, Daniela Caracas González, Daniela Montoya Quiroz, Diego Arboleda, Diego Arias, Erika Lasso, Evelis Aguilar, Fernando Gaviria, Flor Denis Ruiz, Gabriela Bolle, Geiner Moreno, Ilana Izquierdo Zanger, Ingrit Valencia, Jazmín Álvarez, Jenny Arias, Jhancarlos González, Jhon Edison Rodríguez, Jhonny Rentería, Jorelyn Daniela Carabalí Martinez, Jorge Enríquez, Kevin Quintero, Lady Patricia Andrade Rodriguez, Laura Chalarca, Leicy Maria Santos Herrera, Liana Milena Salazar Vergara, Lina Licona, Linda Lizeth Caicedo Alegria, Lorena Arenas, Luis Felipe Uribe, Luis Javier Mosquera, Luisa Blanco, Luz Katherine Tapia Ramirez, Manuela Gómez, Manuela Pavi Sepulveda, Manuela Vanegas Cataño, Marcela Restrepo Valencia, Mari Leivis Sánchez, María Camila Osorio, Maria Camila Reyes Calderón, María Carolina Velásquez, Maria Catalina Usme Pineda, María José Uribe, María Lucelly Murillo, Mariana Pajón, Martha Bayona, Mateo Carmona, Mateo Romero, Mauricio Ortega, Mayra Gaviria, Mayra Tatiana Ramirez Ramírez, Natalia Linares, Nicolás Echavarría, Paula Patiño, Queen Saray Villegas, René López, Ronal Longa, Sandra Milena Sepulveda Lopera, Santiago Arcila, Santiago Buitrago, Stefania Gómez, Stefany Cuadrado, Valeria Araújo, Valeria Arboleda, Víctor Bolaños, Wendy Katerine Bonilla Candelo, Yeison López, Yenny Álvarez, Yílmar González, Yirleidis Quejada Minota

[partisan-by-default]

On the precipice of a monumental decision, the U.S. Supreme Court is preparing to establish whether to hear the case State Department v. Sandra Muñoz, a case that has the potential to drastically alter the constitutional rights of undocumented immigrants and their U.S. citizen family members within the consular process. This case centers around Sandra Muñoz, an American citizen and workers’ rights attorney based in Los Angeles, and her husband, Luis Asencio, an undocumented immigrant with a completely clean criminal record. The couple, who have been united in matrimony since 2010, embarked on the consular process to legitimize Asencio’s status.

The Denied Entry

In spite of satisfying all necessary prerequisites, a consular officer at the U.S. Embassy in El Salvador refused Asencio’s admission into the U.S. in 2015. The denial, shrouded in ambiguity, cited potential unlawful activity without providing further clarification. This decision led to a ruling by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which stated that such denial infringed upon Muñoz’s constitutional rights to marriage and due process.

The Appeal to the Supreme Court

However, the Biden administration is escalating the matter to the Supreme Court. Their argument posits that the Constitution does not extend its reach into the consular process, even when U.S. citizens are involved. The Supreme Court’s decision to take on the case could create a ripple effect, influencing the lives of over 1 million U.S. citizens married to undocumented spouses and nearly 4 million U.S. citizen children with undocumented parents.

Potential Impact on Millions

The matter, touching on the issue of consular nonreviewability, has the potential to encroach upon constitutional limitations. This includes procedural and substantive due process rights, equal protection, freedom of speech, and the inherent right to coexist as a family. As such, the case isn’t just about one family’s struggle, but echoes the concerns of millions of immigrant families across the nation. The Supreme Court’s decision will thus have far-reaching implications, shaping not only the constitutional rights of immigrants but also the very fabric of the consular process itself.

[amonerdj]

Dayro Moreno y Sandra Muñoz, de La casa de los famosos, tienen parentesco: cuál es

Redactor     Mar 17, 2024 – 5:57 pm Mientras hay expectativa por el futuro de Nataly Umaña y demás en ‘La casa de los famosos’, hay un vínculo que por estos días sale a relucir en medio de la coyuntura noticiosa en Colombia. Dayro Moreno, que con 225 goles se ubicó como el máximo goleador en la liga colombiana, tiene un parentesco con Sandra Muñoz, figura que es protagonista en el mencionado…

[xlevelpr]

Dayro Moreno y Sandra Muñoz, de La casa de los famosos, tienen parentesco: cuál es

Redactor     Mar 17, 2024 – 5:57 pm Mientras hay expectativa por el futuro de Nataly Umaña y demás en ‘La casa de los famosos’, hay un vínculo que por estos días sale a relucir en medio de la coyuntura noticiosa en Colombia. Dayro Moreno, que con 225 goles se ubicó como el máximo goleador en la liga colombiana, tiene un parentesco con Sandra Muñoz, figura que es protagonista en el mencionado…

[noticiasdeultimominuto]

🔴La Casa de los Famosos Colombia: Infidelidad al descubierto EN VIDEO 

La continuidad de La Casa de los Famosos Colombia sigue generando debate, especialmente en torno a la presunta relación entre Nataly Umaña y Miguel Melfi. A pesar de las evidencias, la pareja niega la situación y reacciona con enfado al ser mencionada, lo que afecta principalmente a Alejandro Estrada, esposo de Nataly. Aunque intenta ocultarlo, Alejandro se muestra muy afectado. Según una publicación en redes sociales, el momento íntimo en La Casa de los Famosos ocurrió después de que compartieran cama en su nueva habitación. Además, luego de que Miguel Melfi fuera elegido como líder de la semana, invitó a Nataly Umaña a compartir la habitación con él. Sin embargo, hubo una sanción para Sandra Muñoz y Juan David Zapata por comunicarse a través de un papel, lo cual está prohibido. Esta situación resultó en la nominación de ambos participantes y en la reorganización de los equipos Infierno y Cielo, un cambio que tomó por sorpresa a los famosos. Sandra y Juan se vieron obligados a seleccionar a sus integrantes uno por uno en la terraza, sin conocer el motivo de esta elección.

[supatainmentbuzz]

🌟💍👸🕺💃🎥 'Survivors 2024' fishes in 'Sálvame' for its star contestant of this edition on Telecinco: "I'm scared to death" ...... 🎶🏆💔📸🎉

[labrecha]

Apertura para Escuchar a los Aspirantes a la Rectoría de la UASLP: CDU

Apertura para Escuchar a los Aspirantes a la Rectoría de #LaUASLP, Señalan Miembros del Consejo Directivo Universitario

San Luis Potosí, S.L.P. / Com Soc / Febrero 23 de 2024.- El Consejo Directivo Universitario (CDU) de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (UASLP) se encuentra abierto para escuchar diferentes propuestas en beneficio de la institución, coincidieron en señalar los consejeros maestros, doctora Sandra Edith Nava Muñoz de la Facultad de Ingeniería; doctor Miguel del Río Contreras, de la Facultad…

[justinspoliticalcorner]

David Badash at NCRM:

In a 6-3 decision along partisan lines the right-wing justices on the U.S. Supreme Court once again targeted the landmark 2015 Obergefell same-sex marriage decision, leading liberal Justice Sonia Sotomayor to sound “alarm bells” on marriage equality in her dissent a legal expert says, warning that they may try to “roll it back.”

The case involves Sandra Muñoz, a U.S. citizen who argued that the federal government’s denial of a visa for her husband, who lives in El Salvador, deprives her of her constitutionally protected right to liberty. The right-wing majority in a decision written by Justice Amy Coney Barrett ruled: “A citizen does not have a fundamental liberty interest in her noncitizen spouse being admitted to the country.” Friday’s ruling “undermines same-sex marriage,” Bloomberg Law reports Justice Sotomayor’s dissent warns. Slate senior writer Mark Joseph Stern has covered the courts since 2013, and is the author of a 2019 book on the Roberts Supreme Court. “Justice Sotomayor, in dissent, accuses the conservative supermajority of cutting back the rights guaranteed in Obergefell—the same-sex marriage decision—and of repeating ‘the same fatal error’ it made in Dobbs,” Stern writes. “A very ominous opinion.”

[...] “A traveler to the United States two centuries ago reported that ‘‘[t]here is certainly no country in the world where the tie of marriage is so much respected as in America.’ ‘ ” “Today,” Sotomayor continued, “the majority fails to live up to that centuries-old promise. Muñoz may be able to live with her husband in El Salvador, but it will mean raising her U. S.-citizen child outside the United States. Others will be less fortunate. The burden will fall most heavily on same-sex couples and others who lack the ability, for legal or financial reasons, to make a home in the noncitizen spouse’s country of origin.” Again quoting Obergefell, she adds, “For those couples, this Court’s vision of marriage as the ‘assurance that while both still live there will be someone to care for the other’ rings hollow.” Stern warns: “I think Justice Sotomayor is clearly correct that the Supreme Court’s gratuitous attack on the constitutional rights of married couples in Muñoz—especially same-sex couples—suggests that the conservative justices hate Obergefell and may roll it back.” Sotomayor began her dissent also with a quote from Obergefell: “The right to marry is fundamental as a matter of history and tradition.”

SCOTUS Justice Sonia Sotomayor's dissent in the Department of State v. Muñoz case gave an alarming warning that the 6-3 radical right-wing majority's decision in Muñoz could imperil Obergefell v. Hodges and marriage equality.

See Also:

The Advocate: Justice Sotomayor: Supreme Court ruling in immigration case threatens marriage equality

[spanishskulduggery]

what are some spanish books you'd recommend? (i'm probably about a high schooler in terms of reading comprehension, but if you have any difficult/gritty recommendations, that would be perfect) muchos gracias :D

(An anon sent in a similar question looking for B1/B2 level books)

One of the better contemporary authors of what you might consider YA fiction is Laura Gallego García so I'd recommend her especially if you like fantasy.

I first found about her from Las memorias de Idhún. If you're on Netflix, you can see an anime based on it called "The Idhun Chronicles" - and one of the main actresses is Michelle Jenner who is an extremely well-known Spanish actress [she played Isabel in the well-known historical drama Isabel about the Catholic Monarchs in Reconquista times]

If anyone has any other suggestions, please write them in

Other books/stories you might like:

Esperanza renace by Pam Muñoz Ryan

Como agua para chocolate by Laura Esquivel

La casa en Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros

La sombra del viento by Carlos Ruiz Zafón [fairly advanced]

La casa de los espíritus by Isabel Allende [somewhat advanced]

El Conde Lucanor by Don Juan Manuel [advanced at times; but it's styled like fables or multiple short stories]

El burlador de Sevilla y el convidado de piedra by Tirso de Molina [advanced at times with language, but very easy to follow; also a play]

I would also say look into translations of things like Harry Potter, Percy Jackson, or Hunger Games [Los juegos del hambre] and other YA fiction that is more geared towards highschoolers and teenagers because the language used is not as complex but still really useful. Also, many 1st person novels are really good for showing you the yo forms of a lot of verbs especially irregular verbs.

Also some people really recommend El alquimista "the Alchemist" in the Spanish version by Paulo Coelho. It's a very well-known book for high schoolers though it is somewhat advanced in places

PS Also gotta recommend Hombres necios que acusáis by Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. It's a poem, but it reads like the rawest slam poetry you've ever heard and also still frighteningly relevant in feminism

-

You may also enjoy short stories. If one author has multiple stories I'll just include the name once in the list. Some of these are translations of other short stories you'll probably know of which helps the comprehension better!

El rubí by Rubén Darío La ninfa El velo de la reina Mab La muerte de la emperatriz de China El palacio del sol

Blancanieves [Snow White] by the Brothers Grimm Rumpelstiltskin Pulgarcito [Tom Thumb] La Cenicienta [Cinderella]

Cuentos by Esopo [or, "Aesop's Fables"]

El barril de amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe Los crímenes de la calle Morgue La máscara de la muerte roja

El loco de Sevilla by Miguel de Cervantes [a story within a story; it's from Don Quixote, but it's a very well-known vignette in the novel] La pastora Marcela [also a story within a story; some frame of reference, Don Quixote is riding around and comes across a funeral and people are accusing a shepherdess Marcela of spurning this dude's love and he couldn't handle it - Marcela then appears out of nowhere and drags everyone and we love to see it]

Cine Prado by Elena Poniatowska

El regalo de los Reyes Mago [The Gift of the Magi] by O. Henry

La sirenita [The Little Mermaid] by Hans Christian Andersen

Caperucita Roja [Little Red Riding Hood] by Charles Perrault La Bella Durmiente [Sleeping Beauty]

Las mil y una noches [1001 Nights] by Anonymous

La muñeca menor by Rosario Ferré

El almohadón de plumas by Horacio Quiroga

La noche boca arriba by Julio Cortázar

Los dos reyes y los dos laberintos by Jorge Luis Borges

Biblioteca Digital Ciudad Seva

This is my usual go-to for reading classics translated into Spanish [there's also the Gutenberg Project if you're looking for ebooks]

Just some general advice:

-Anything by Cervantes is quite old and you will need to find a more modern version or you'll end up with some very antiquated spellings and grammar. He wrote Don Quixote and some other short stories/plays, and all of his mini-stories from Don Quixote are the same general difficulty.

-I do love Borges but for God's sake DO NOT read El jardín de los senderos que se bifurcan "The Garden of Forking Paths". It is advanced, and confusing even for native speakers. I mean this is a story people dedicate a thesis on to try and unravel. It's the kind of thing that you read, you read the wikipedia/rincón del vago entries, and reread and still get confused

-If you're feeling like you want a good challenge, try reading El Popol Vuh which is a book of Maya myths/history/etc, and it's an extremely important in indigenous cultures and history. People have called it the Maya Book of Genesis [though be aware the original translation was done by a Dominican friar named Francisco Ximénez, and there are some modernized versions]

...

Also, speaking of Rincón del Vago is like a Spanish version of Sparknotes. I'm not saying you should be using it to do your homework, but if you happen to find something like Alice in Wonderland / Alicia en el país de las maravillas you can read through the entry in Spanish as reading practice

[thenewsart]

Supreme Court might hear case of man denied green card over tattoos

WASHINGTON, D.C. —  Prominent Los Angeles civil rights attorney Sandra Muñoz spent her eighth Christmas countries apart from her husband, Luis Acensio Cordero, after the federal government denied him a visa, in part, over his tattoos. The black ink images of La Virgen de Guadalupe, theater masks, a pair of dice and Ace playing cards were throwbacks to his high school days. But to government…

[aigle-suisse]

A YEAR GOES SO FAST, 2016 | Sandra Muñoz

[compostando]

Reflexões sobre as Antígonas. Leitura de Antígona González de Sara Uribe

Inicio a reflexão sobre a Antígona González de Sara Uribe com os ecos do clamor de Mercedes Sosa  que me acompanhou durante toda esta leitura, quando pede a deus que a guerra não lhe seja indiferente, assim como a dor, a injustiça y el engaño. Um pedido que se estende, também, al derecho al duelo dos nossos queridos. Uma licença para o uso do portuñol, que diferencia el engaño de la mentira, el duelo del luto, porque, al fin, uma das reivindicações da Antígona é poder nombrar a essas violências que nos rodeiam a los latinoamericanos, em eterna batalha contra o esquecimento. 

“Es preciso, en efecto, dolernos y condolernos”, anuncia a autora em seu artigo “¿Cómo escribir poesía en un país en guerra?”, onde reflete sobre a pesquisa na qual se engajou para a realização da obra.

Leitura ofertada dentro do Programa de Pós Graduação Interdisciplinar em Estudos Latino-Americanos, na disciplina de Estética e Política na América Latina Contemporânea, a peça de teatro escrita pela autora mexicana Sara Uribe surge bajo encargo da atriz Sandra Muñoz. Partia da premissa de retomar à clássica Antígona do teatro grego de Sófocles, e adaptá-la ao contexto da guerra cotidiana que já não comovia o México, desde o estado fronteiriço de Tamaulipas, que é um dos mais afetados pela violência no país. Vivendo anos da consequência da guerra ao crime organizado declarada em 2006 pelo então presidente Felipe Calderón Hinojosa, tornaram-se comuns as histórias de massacres, desaparecimentos, encontro de fossas comuns e corpos assassinados com requintes de crueldade. 

Mas, o que se esconde nesse plural “corpos”? Quem eram essas pessoas? quem chorou por eles?

A Antígona da tragédia grega é uma dos quatro filhos de Édipo, o rei que caiu em desgraça depois da concretização da profecia de que seria o assassino de seu pai e deitaria com sua mãe. Uma vez que o rei de Tebas se isola, Polinices e Eteócles, os irmãos homens, disputam o direito ao trono enquanto Antígona e Ismene, as irmãs mulheres, observam o que restou de sua família cair aos pedaços. Polinices não tem a preferência política ou familiar, e busca outros meios, abrindo passagem para um exército inimigo e tentando invadir Tebas. A invasão é mal sucedida, e os irmãos, bem à gosto das tragédias gregas, se matam. Eteócles é sepultado como herói, Polinices é deixado como indigente e traidor fora dos limites da cidade. A história de Antígona é a reivindicação do direito de seu irmão a um enterro digno, para que ele encontre a paz, e ela possa chorar seus mortos. Porém a morte também é política, e permitir que os ritos sejam realizados em homenagem a Polinices é impens��vel para o então rei Creonte. Citando a obra de Sara Uribe: 

“[...]Supe que Tamaulipas era Tebas

y Creonte este silencio amordazándolo todo.]

[...]

[El cuerpo de Polínices pudriéndose a las puertas de

Tebas y los cadáveres de los migrantes.]”

Cabe aqui replantear e mesmo expandir a provocação inicial de Sara Uribe: “¿Cómo escribir poesía en un país en guerra?” A quem serve essa poesía? Quais vozes serão escutadas? Sobre o que se escreve em um país em guerra?

Para Sara, já depois de ter aceito sua primeira obra por encargo, o detonante da escrita de Antígona González foi o descobrimento das fossas de San Fernando (município de Tamaulipas) em abril de 2011. Este foi conhecido como o segundo massacre de San Fernando, no qual as cifras oficiais (que sempre estão em disputa) contabilizaram, até a metade daquele ano, 193 pessoas. O primeiro massacre ocorreu quando no mesmo município se encontraram 72 corpos executados no ano anterior. Os crimes são atribuídos ao grupo narco Los Zetas, o estado mexicano enviou como resposta algumas centenas de policiais para a cidade, e o ciclo de violência seguiu incólume. 

Entre tantos números, me ressoa Camus, em seu livro A Peste. Quando o escritor argelino fala sobre tantas guerras e iguais pestes na história da humanidade, essa humanidade que insiste em estar despreparada para tal, insiste em não entender o que são dezenas, centenas, milhares de mortos… Porque isso é impossível. “Quando se fez a guerra, já é muito saber o que é um morto. E visto que um homem morto só tem significado se o vemos morrer, cem milhões de cadáveres semeados ao longo da história são fumaça na imaginação”

Por muito tempo em Tamaulipas o que se dizia era que aqueles que se meteram nessa situação certamente tinham algo de mal intencionado. O medo emudecia os nomes, as memórias e as narrativas dessas pessoas. Ismene, a irmã de Antígona que teve medo de apoiá-la em sua missão. A narrativa era uma só: O Estado contra o Inimigo. E o demais ficava na fumaça da imaginação. 

A menos que fosse seu vizinho

Seu irmão

Sua companheira

Sua filha…

Nisso, Sara Uribe estava em um evento de teatro, vivenciando outros rituais de vida, e sentindo-se a própria Antígona: “¿Cómo es que los discursos, los aplausos, la música, las flores y nadie hablara de los cuerpos?”

Sara, frente à apatia do Estado para com as vidas que valem ou não a pena ser choradas, busca as narrativas das Antígonas, das que vem lutando pelo direito a chorarem seus mortos.

Aqui, depois dessa breve contextualização, me resta apresentar algumas das vozes que são trazidas por Sara, algumas das que foram debatidas em sala de aula ao debater o texto, e tentar, nessa empreita, não enlouquecer frente à sinfonia de lamentos que gritam. Solo le pido a dios que la guerra no me sea indiferente. Os relatos “con-ficcionados” parecem convidar para a reflexão ampla de quem foram, são e serão as Antígonas de nossa América Latina. 

Baseada em apropriação, intervenção e reescrita, como diz a autora nas notas finais da peça, não é possível trazer todas as vozes que foram agenciadas em prol dessa narrativa, pois a mesma Sara nos revela a origem de algumas destas vozes. Da própria peça original de Sófocles; do blog https://menosdiasaqui.blogspot.com/ e sua iniciativa de unir relatos de memórias e nomear o ausente para torná-lo visível; do blog da ativista colombiana antigonagomez.blogspot.mx na busca de seu pai desaparecito; do livro de Judith Butler “El Grito de Antígona”, aprofundando essa personagem; ou “Antígona, una tragedia latinoamericana” que transpassa o mito para nosso território; ou os versos do poema Muerte de Harold Pinter, entre outras palavras e nomes de diversos idiomas que delineiam a ausência que grita.

Essa escrita comunitária, onde uma frase fica marcada no tempo e seguirá sendo vocalizada e corporificada através do mesmo, nos foi apresentada de diversas formas no decorrer da disciplina. Sem uma busca pelo fetiche da autoria como exclusividade da propriedade intelectual, provocações sobre o plágio e sobre as ressignificações de mídias permearam todos os debates. Cristina Rivera Garza, outra escritora mexicana que acompanhou de perto a realização de Antígona González, e cujo livro El Invencible Verano de Liliana também faz um caminho pela memória da irmã da autora, vítima de feminicídio trinta anos da escrita do livro, através de protocolos, solicitações de reaberturas do caso, memórias da escritora, memórias dos companheiros da universidade, vai aos poucos remontando os fragmentos de uma narrativa negligenciada pela falta de ferramentas sociais de uma sociedade baseada na nacropolítica, no racismo e na misoginia. Ela abriu nosso debate com uma poesia de vários outros e dela mesma, mas cujo início para mim tem um peso maior, sendo a maior poeta aquela que nunca desejou ser: No slide de aula lemos: Reclamo de Luz María Dávila García al entonces  Presidente de México, Felipe Calderón Hinojosa. Luz  María perdió a sus dos únicos hijos, Marcos y José Luis  Piña Dávila, de 19 y 17 años de edad, en la masacre  cometida el 31 de enero de 2010 en Villas de Salvárcar,  Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua.

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HDytcyXCq0c]

E Começa: No voy a guardar silencio porque esta es la verdad.

E o reclamo dessa mãe se misturou aos versos de outros poetas, na mão de Cristina, baixo o nome de La Reclamante:

[http://enpalabrasbcn.com/poema-la-reclamante-de-cristina-rivera-garza/]

E é impossível, frente a isso, não ter em conta os outros reclamos de mães na América Latina. As Antígonas mães e avós da Plaza de Mayo da Argentina, as mães dos desaparecidos na Colômbia. Durante Julho de 2023, o coletivo El Cineclub Nuestra Sala realizou entre Foz do Iguaçu e Ciudad del Este um ciclo de exibições do festival mexicano Contra el Silencio Todas las Voces [https://www.contraelsilencio.org/encuentro-hispanoamericano-de-cine-y-video-documental-independiente-contra-el-silencio-todas-las-voces/] com grande enfoque nos altos índices de violência da América Latina e movimentos em prol da denúncia e da memória. Seria o caso do filme ¿Hasta Cuando? de David Escobar, que traz a reivindicação das Cantoras Esperanza que estão intimamente vinculadas às Madres Buscadoras em Tumaco. Deixo seu canto de esperança aqui: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHwraD2zyoA]

Finalmente, enquanto leitora brasileira, é recorrente debater essas temáticas violentas em um lugar de alteridade. O Brasil, em seu gigantismo, se permite muitas vezes fechar os olhos para nossa realidade latino-americana (a menos que esteja inserida nela até o pescoço). Ainda que a palavra favela prescinde de tradução em qualquer idioma, são igualmente ou mais naturalizadas as chacinas e os genocídios que, aqui, se dão muito mais contra a população negra e indígena. Emicida traz a saudade e os dados de mortos na música Chapa [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjFQA9MswkM], e casos recentes como a chacina do Guarujá, em agosto deste ano, a crise generalizada de segurança pública no Rio de Janeiro, ou o assassinato da líder quilombola Mãe Bernadete na Bahia são alguns dos poucos eventos cotidianos que atravessaram o país. Em minha opinião, o que nos falta em quesito de memória e de história, é assumir a guerra que se dá em nosso território contra uma população específica, e a partir daí podemos começar a elaborar a memória e a paz.

Antígona González afirma que não desejaria nunca ter sido uma Antígona (ecoando Antígona Gomez), pero le tocó. O desejo é que não exista mais nenhuma, porém sabemos que mais uma está nascendo neste momento. Frente a toda a política do olvido e da anistia generalizada, a reflexão final de Sara Uribe que responde à  pergunta inicial do texto é um rotundo “si”. Um sim urgente, um sim que não é desvinculado de trabalhos diretos para com o reconhecimento das vítimas e a responsabilização de seus algozes, um sim que não está ai para romantizar, senão para nombrar as ausências que não podem ser esquecidas de forma alguma. 

Lara Sorbille