#Reuben Grima

[natasa-pantovic]

Lecture “Knowledge in the Making” by Dr Reuben Grima, National Library Series, exploring images of the 17th Century Maltese Book written by Giovanni Francesco Abela (1582–1655). Abela cabinet of antiquities became the core of Malta's national archaeological collection.

Lecture “Knowledge in the Making” by Dr Reuben Grima, National Library Series, exploring images of the 17th Century Maltese Book written by Giovanni Francesco Abela (1582–1655).   Abela obtained the title of Doctor in Law in December 1606.  His cabinet of antiquities became the core of Malta’s national archaeological collection.

[kappavision]

The titular statue of St. Dominic exiting the Basilica and Matrix parish church of Our Lady of Porto Salvo and St. Dominic for the feast day procession through the streets of Valletta on the evening of August 7th, 2022 (Photo 1/3). BIL-MALTI Il-varu titulari ta’ San Duminku ħierġa minn ġol-Bażilika u Parroċċa Matriċi tal-Madonna tal-Portu Salvu u ta' San Duminku għal purċissjoni ta’ fil-għaxija fit-toroq tal-Belt Valletta f’jum il-festa, is-7 ta’ Awwissu 2022. THE NEW ANGELS They arrived just in time for the 2022 feast day. The new angels were mounted on the titular statue of St. Dominic in time for the traditional street procession in Valletta which is held on the evening of the big day through the capital city’s streets. The angels, embellishing the front of the statue, are the work of the talented sculptors nd statuarians Michael Camilleri Cauchi and his son Adonai. The gilding work was carried out by Mario and his son Reuben Camilleri Cauchi. A dream come true for the Basilica and Matrix parish church of Our Lady of Porto Salvo and St. Dominic in Merchant’s Street, thanks to parish priest Fr. Michael Camilleri and the benefactor Alexander Fenech. THE HISTORIC TITULAR STATUE OF ST. DOMINIC The titular statue of St. Dominic at the basilica of Porto Salvo in Valletta is among the oldest in Malta, with more than 300 years of history. Although no-one knows for certain who sculpted it in a beautiful Baroque style, it is first mentioned in 1678. It is thought to be the work of a Spanish artist, according to research carried out by restorer Agatha Grima on the statue, which she helped restore in 2017. (at Valletta, Malta) https://www.instagram.com/p/ChAERxDjd0Q/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[grimidol]

expiration.          guess who’s back, back again what’s good? it’s me, your boy reuben. it certainly has been a while. after a year and major renovations to my blog’s ass i am ready once again to tackle writing for my all-time shittiest son: grima!robin. so! without further ado ------ please give this post a ♡, or 🔁 if you’re interested in roleplaying with a canon-divergent (headcanon-based) interpretation of robin from fire emblem awakening / fe 13 --   specifically, i portray robin as i believe he could have been after living through what the game refers to as "the future past" !! reblogs are especially appreciated; after my long absence, i don’t know which way is up in this fandom, and i’ll love you 5-ever for spreading word! i��d normally list my muse’s good qualities here, but robin doesn’t seem to have any. oops. i’m fine with crossovers! this blog is multiverse! i’ll try to check out the blogs of everyone who interacts with this post regardless of fandom. thank you, in advance! my about is here! rules, here!

[hisourart-blog]

Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum, Raħal Ġdid, Malta

New Post has been published on https://hisour.com/tour/hal-saflieni-hypogeum-rahal-gdid-malta/

Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum, Raħal Ġdid, Malta

The Hypogeum of Ħal-Saflieni is a Neolithic subterranean structure dating to the Saflieni phase (3300 – 3000 BC) in Maltese prehistory, located in Paola, Malta. It is often simply referred to as the Hypogeum (Maltese: Ipoġew), literally meaning "underground" in Greek. The Hypogeum is thought to have been a sanctuary and necropolis, with the remains of more than 7,000 individuals documented by archeologists, and is among the best preserved examples of the Maltese temple building culture that also produced the Megalithic Temples and Xagħra Stone Circle. The Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum is an underground prehistoric burial site. Discovered in 1902 during construction works, the site was first excavated by Fr Emmanuel Magri between 1904 and 1906. Fr Magri died in Tunisia and his excavation notes have been lost. Excavations were taken over by Sir Themistocles Zammit, who continued works until 1911. The Hypogeum was discovered by accident in 1902 when workers cutting cisterns for a new housing development broke through its roof. The workers tried to hide the temple at first, but eventually it was found. The study of the structure was first conducted by Manuel Magri, who directed the excavations on behalf of the Museums Committee, starting from November 1903. During the excavations, a portion of the contents of the Hypogeum, including grave goods and human remains, were emptied out and discarded without being properly catalogued. To confound things further, Magri died in 1907 while conducting missionary work in Tunisia and his report on the Hypogeum was lost. Excavation continued under Sir Themistocles Zammit, who attempted to salvage what he could. Zammit began publishing a series of reports in 1910 and continued excavating until 1911, depositing his findings at the National Museum of Archaeology in Valletta. The Hypogeum was first opened to visitors in 1908 while the excavations were ongoing. The Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum is a complex made up of interconnecting rock-cut chambers set on three distinct levels. Earliest remains at the site date back to about 4000BC, and the complex was used over a span of many centuries, up to c. 2500 BC. Later archeological excavations indicate there was once a surface shrine that marked the entrance to the Hypogeum, with its subsequent destruction likely shielding the lower structure from discovery for thousands of years. The underground structure may have originated from a natural cave, expanded over time by cutting directly into the rock with crude tools including antlers, flint, chert and obsidian. Burial chambers in the upper level of the Hypogeum date from the early phases of the Maltese Temple Period, with lower chambers dating from later. The site may have first been used as early as 4000 BC, and was likely used until around 2500 BC, based on pottery sample analysis and examination of human remains. The temple structure uses a careful direction of light from the surface to penetrate into the lower chambers, with intricate patterns painted on portions of the ceiling with red ocher, following motifs of spots, spirals and honeycombs. One of the main chambers, called "The Holy of Holies", appears to be oriented such that light from the winter solstice illuminated its facade from the original opening above. A resonance niche cut in the middle chamber, called the Oracle Room, was possibly designed to project chanting or drumming throughout the rest of the Hypogeum. The uppermost level consists of a large hollow with burial chambers on its sides. This hollow was probably originally exposed to the sky and excavations in the early 1990s indicate that there might also have been a monumental structure marking the entrance. A doorway leads to the Middle Level, which contains some of the best known features of the Hypogeum such as the intricate red ochre wall paintings and the beautifully carved features in imitation of architectural elements common in contemporaneous Megalithic Temples. The deepest of the three levels is known as the Lower Level, which is accessed down seven steps in the chamber popularly known as the ‘Holy of Holies’. The Hypogeum was first opened to visitors in 1908 and since then it has been visited by many thousands of people. Unfortunately, this has had a toll on the delicate microclimate of the site which has affected the preservation of the site and the unique red ochre paintings. For this reason, after a conservation project which saw the site closed for 10 years between 1990 and 2000, a new system was established in which only 10 visitors an hour are allowed in for a maximum of 8 hours a day, complemented by an environmental control system which keeps temperature and humidity at required levels. A broad range of objects were recovered from the site, including intricately decorated pottery vessels, stone and clay beads, shell buttons, amulets, axe-heads, and carved figures depicting humans and animals. The most notable discovery was the Sleeping Lady, a clay figure thought to represent a mother goddess. The figures range from abstract to realistic in style, with major themes thought to be related to veneration of the dead and spiritual transformation. Complex artistic techniques are also represented, as in the case of a single large pottery bowl which utilized both naturalistic and stylized themes, with one side realistically depicting bovines, pigs and goats, and the other side representing hatched animals hidden within complex geometric patterns. The remains of some 7,000 individuals were found in the Hypogeum, and though many of the bones were lost early in excavation, most of the skulls were deposited at the National Museum. A small percentage of the skulls have an abnormal cranial elongation, similar to priestly skulls from Ancient Egypt, fueling speculation about the people who occupied the Hypogeum, and their practices and beliefs. Further excavations took place between 1990 and 1993 by Anthony Pace, Nathaniel Cutajar and Reuben Grima. The Hypogeum was then closed to visitors between 1991 and 2000 for restoration works; and since its reopening, Heritage Malta (the government body that looks after historical sites) allows entry to only 80 people per day, while the sites microclimate is strictly regulated. Scientific research on the Hypogeum is ongoing, and in 2014, an international team of scientists visited to study acoustics. The Hypogeum is constructed entirely underground and consists of three superimposed levels hewn into soft globigerina limestone, with its halls and chambers interconnected through a labyrinthine series of steps, lintels and doorways. The upper level is thought to have been occupied first, with the middle and lowers levels expanded and excavated later. Some of the middle chambers appear to share stylistic characteristics with the contemporaneous Megalithic Temples found across Malta. Upper level: The first level is only ten metres below the surface, and it is very similar to tombs found in Xemxija, near St. Paul's Bay. Some rooms are natural caves which were later artificially extended. This level consists of many chambers, some of which were used for burial. Middle level: The second level is a later expansion, with the rock hoisted up to the surface by Cyclopean rigging. This level features several noted rooms: Main Chamber: This chamber is roughly circular and carved out from rock. A number of trilithon entrances are represented, some blind, and others leading to another chamber. Most of the wall surface has received a red wash of ochre. It was from this room that the Sleeping Lady was recovered. Oracle Room: This is roughly rectangular and one of the smallest side chambers. It has the peculiarity of producing a powerful acoustic resonance from any vocalization made inside it. This room has an elaborately painted ceiling, consisting of spirals in red ochre with circular spots and spirals. Decorated Room: Near the Oracle Room is another spacious hall, circular, with inward slanting smooth walls, richly decorated in a geometrical pattern of spirals. On the right side wall of the entrance is a petrosomatoglyph of a human hand carved into the rock (Agius). Holy of Holies: Perhaps the central structure of the Hypogeum, this room appeares to be oriented toward the winter solstice, which would have illuminated its facade from the original surface openning. No bones were recovered from this room during excavations. The focal point is a porthole within a trilithon, or structure consisting of two large vertical stones, which is in turn framed within a larger trilithon and yet another large trilithon. The corbelled ceiling has been taken as a hint that Malta's surface temples, now uncovered, could have been roofed similarly. Lower level: The lower story contained no bones or offerings, only water. It strongly suggests storage, probably of grain. The Hypogeum and its museum are a popular attraction in Malta. The museum is open at 9am, but queuing for tickets starts around 8am. Some last minute tickets are occasionally available from the National War Museum, located in Valletta. Visitors are recommended to book weeks before, as limited people are allowed per day. The site closed in September 2016 for a €1.1 million renovation partly financed by a grant from Iceland, Norway, and Liechtenstein. The renovated museum was inaugurated by Minister for Culture Owen Bonnici on 28 April 2017 and includes a new climate control system for the Hypogeum as well as an expanded visitor centre. The site reopened to visitors on May 15, 2017. Heritage Malta is currently preparing a draft Management Plan for consultation. Please give us your views by having a look at the draft document and answering the questionnaire.

[kappavision]

The titular statue of St. Dominic exiting the Basilica and Matrix parish church of Our Lady of Porto Salvo and St. Dominic for the feast day procession through the streets of Valletta on the evening of August 7th, 2022 (Photo 2/3). BIL-MALTI Il-varu titulari ta’ San Duminku ħierġa minn ġol-Bażilika u Parroċċa Matriċi tal-Madonna tal-Portu Salvu u ta' San Duminku għal purċissjoni ta’ fil-għaxija fit-toroq tal-Belt Valletta f’jum il-festa, is-7 ta’ Awwissu 2022. THE NEW ANGELS They arrived just in time for the 2022 feast day. The new angels were mounted on the titular statue of St. Dominic in time for the traditional street procession in Valletta which is held on the evening of the big day through the capital city’s streets. The angels, embellishing the front of the statue, are the work of the talented sculptors nd statuarians Michael Camilleri Cauchi and his son Adonai. The gilding work was carried out by Mario and his son Reuben Camilleri Cauchi. A dream come true for the Basilica and Matrix parish church of Our Lady of Porto Salvo and St. Dominic in Merchant’s Street, thanks to parish priest Fr. Michael Camilleri and the benefactor Alexander Fenech. THE HISTORIC TITULAR STATUE OF ST. DOMINIC The titular statue of St. Dominic at the basilica of Porto Salvo in Valletta is among the oldest in Malta, with more than 300 years of history. Although no-one knows for certain who sculpted it in a beautiful Baroque style, it is first mentioned in 1678. It is thought to be the work of a Spanish artist, according to research carried out by restorer Agatha Grima on the statue, which she helped restore in 2017. (at Valletta, Malta) https://www.instagram.com/p/ChAEOR_jz2f/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[natasa-pantovic]

Lecture “Knowledge in the Making” by Dr Reuben Grima, National Library Series, exploring images of the 17th Century Maltese Book written by Giovanni Francesco Abela (1582–1655).   Abela obtained the title of Doctor in Law in December 1606.  His cabinet of antiquities became the core of Malta's national archaeological collection.