#Quaternio terminorum

[dion-seid]

10. April [2020]

Donde discuto arreglos en mi rutina diaria , planifico mi vida y leo una de las autobiografías de Simone de Beauvoir  .

Ayer

I . Objetivo de Sartre : 

to tear humanism from the clutches of the bourgeoisie » Simone de Beauvoir 1992 , pág. 7 .

II . 

far from being a quietism or a nihilism , Existentialism was a definition of man through action « Idem , pág. 8 .

III . 

Ser un intelectual , un artesane : a commitment .

2019

I . 7.43 Reconsideración de el dosaje de armodafinilo en vistas a el desdibujamiento de la antigua demarcación Apolo-día hábil/Dioniso-fin de semana y a la implementación de ayunos periódicos , con el [pretendido] beneficio de economía , tolerancia y eficacia :

Básicamente , en vez de altercar ventanas en los fines de semana , mejor recurrir a los períodos de ayuno , en los que se supone un mejora de la concentración , para descansar de la droga .

El beneficio de eficacia significa un valorización de el tiempo de fin de semana .

7.56 Anexo : modificación de la cuestión de el helado en pos de un mayor armonía con la reconfiguración de el fin de semana .

Ya que hay 4 semanas en el mes , pero también 4 ayunos , los helados mejor deberían seguirles a los últimos ; me procuro así desalienación .

II . 22.24 Kant , Hegel , Heidegger … la última calesita de les introvertidxs .

2018

I . 

Voy a comenzar a estudiar por temas . Más que por horas , pero voy a llevar un cronometría de el tiempo total transcurrido . También voy a ir armándome mapas conceptuales .

Hoy es cierte que cedí momentáneamente durante la mañana la responsabilidad de mi vida .

Mis responsabilidades , entonces , si alguien las tiene que esquematizar , seguirán siendo las mágicas y la de la facultad .

A partir de hoy vuelvo a estudiar por proyectos , contemplando las 5 horas de manera general .

II .

Se comete Quaternio terminorum cuando se razona con más elementos de los que corresponden a la conclusión de un silogismo .

III . 

El pensamiento es un proceso dinámico , esencialmente un acción que oscila entre los estados mentales de duda y creencia « Aliseda .

IV . ¿ Cuál es mi auténtica voluntad ? 

Terminar la carrera de filosofía .

Construir mi página -emprendedorismo- y desarrollarme personal , artística e individualmente .

Creo que le sabie sería usar toda mi voluntad para hacer ambas cosas ; eventualmente si logro mantenerme económicamente , podré independizarme de la facultad .

[fckypym]

LIST OF FORMAL FALLACIES

SOURCE

A formal fallacy is an error in the argument's form.[2] All formal fallacies are types of non sequitur.

1. Appeal to probability – a statement that takes something for granted because it would probably be the case (or might be the case).[3][4]

2. Argument from fallacy (also known as the fallacy fallacy) – the assumption that, if an argument is fallacious, then the conclusion is false.[5]

3. Base rate fallacy – making a probability judgment based on conditional probabilities, without taking into account the effect of prior probabilities.[6]

4. Conjunction fallacy – the assumption that an outcome simultaneously satisfying multiple conditions is more probable than an outcome satisfying a single one of them.[7]

5. Non-sequitur fallacy - where the conclusion does not logically follow the premise. [8]

6. Masked-man fallacy (illicit substitution of identicals) – the substitution of identical designators in a true statement can lead to a false one.[9]

A propositional fallacy is an error that concerns compound propositions. For a compound proposition to be true, the truth values of its constituent parts must satisfy the relevant logical connectives that occur in it (most commonly: [and], [or], [not], [only if], [if and only if]). The following fallacies involve relations whose truth values are not guaranteed and therefore not guaranteed to yield true conclusions.

1. Affirming a disjunct – concluding that one disjunct of a logical disjunction must be false because the other disjunct is true; A or B; A, therefore not B.[10]

2. Affirming the consequent – the antecedent in an indicative conditional is claimed to be true because the consequent is true; if A, then B; B, therefore A.[10]

3. Denying the antecedent – the consequent in an indicative conditional is claimed to be false because the antecedent is false; if A, then B; not A, therefore not B.[10]

A quantification fallacy is an error in logic where the quantifiers of the premises are in contradiction to the quantifier of the conclusion.

1. Existential fallacy – an argument that has a universal premise and a particular conclusion.[11]

Syllogistic fallacies �� logical fallacies that occur in syllogisms.

1. Affirmative conclusion from a negative premise (illicit negative) – a categorical syllogism has a positive conclusion, but at least one negative premise.[11]

2. Fallacy of exclusive premises – a categorical syllogism that is invalid because both of its premises are negative.[11]

3. Fallacy of four terms (quaternio terminorum) – a categorical syllogism that has four terms.[12]

4. Illicit major – a categorical syllogism that is invalid because its major term is not distributed in the major premise but distributed in the conclusion. [11]

5. Illicit minor – a categorical syllogism that is invalid because its minor term is not distributed in the minor premise but distributed in the conclusion. [11]

6. Negative conclusion from affirmative premises (illicit affirmative) – a categorical syllogism has a negative conclusion but affirmative premises.[11]

7. Fallacy of the undistributed middle – the middle term in a categorical syllogism is not distributed.[13]

8. Modal fallacy – confusing necessity with sufficiency. A condition X is necessary for Y if X is required for even the possibility of Y. X doesn’t bring about Y by itself, but if there is no X, there will be no Y. For example, oxygen is necessary for fire. But one cannot assume that everywhere there is oxygen, there is fire. A condition X is sufficient for Y if X, by itself, is enough to bring about Y. For example, riding the bus is a sufficient mode of transportation to get to work. But there are other modes of transportation – car, taxi, bicycle, walking – that can be used.

9. Modal scope fallacy – a degree of unwarranted necessity is placed in the conclusion.